AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINED BY CROP IMPROVEMENT IN CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04546A003200010004-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 16, 2003
• Sequence Number: 4
• Content Type: REPORT

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AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINED BY
CROP IMPROVEflENT IN CHINA
e : Ch o Sangy Shsan Fea reon '
Instt. J 1-9
The Japanese union of importers of Chinese rice recently signed
a contract with the Chinese Food, Oil and Foodstuff Company for the
import of 30,000 tons of fine grain rice and of 10,000 tons of regular
rice, or of 40,000 tons altogether. Added to the 1205000 tons im-
ported in April., this represents a total import of 160,000 tons of
Chinese rice for 1966. On the other hand,, China has taken great quan-
tities of fertilizers from Japan, importing up to 1,100,,000 tons of
chemical fertilizers from Japan in 1966. Thus, Chinese agriculture
has come to be a field that bears great influence on the Japan-China
trade, even acquiring quite an influence on the whole Japanese economy.
For this reason, even though the news concerns the Chinese
agriculture, the report of the New China News Agency on 30 June issued
from Peking that "the main food crops such as wheat, rapeseed, and
various cereals as well as the oil and fat materials gathered during
the summer harvest of this year have all increased with most regions
giving the highest yield in recent years, surpassing last year's marks
per area unit as well as in the whole" should be an extremely welcome
news in Japan. In particular, the provinces of Honan, Shensi, Hupeh,
Anhwei, Szechuan, Kiangsu, Shansi, Peking, and Shanghai have regis-
tered large increases of 10-20 percent over last year.
During the period of growth of this year's summer crop, the na-
tural conditions were xmtx4 not in any way as fine as one would hope.
In fact, the 9kim New China News Agency has this to say: "At the time
of cultivation last fall, practically all the regions were visited by
low temperatures and lots of rain, many regions did not have
any winter rain or snow while part of the country receives tX but scant
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rainfall even during the spring. Struggling under these unfavorable
conditions,, the broad masses of cooperative members have adopted a
fighting posture and increased the food crops by promoting the spirit
of revolutionary struggle under the leadership of cadres of various
echelons."
For three straight years after 1959, the agricultural production
of China was visited with great natural calamities and underwent
a great step backward. Thus, one can see that this year, China has
overcome to some extent the unfavorable weather conditions and started
to acquire fertility. In fact, there have been energetic efforts made
to build up the agriculture in the last two, three years such as the
movement for "maintaining the production level whether in conditions
of drought or flood and for stabilizing it Jopgait since stability means
high overall production." The import of large quantities of fertil-
izers amounting to over 2,000,000 tons from Japan and Western Europe
is one expression of these efforts. Internally, the production of che-
micAl fertilizers also keeps on expanding as it is accorded the greatest
amount of attention. Moreover, the expansion and completion of farm-
land irrigation works az also have been astounding: in the Chou River
Delta (Kwartung Province), in the delta of the Yangtse, in the vicinity
of Tungting Lake in Hunan, on the Kwanchung plains of Shensi, in the
area around Peking, and on the Liaoho plains of Liaotung province, etc.
in all these commodity and provisions producing areas there have been
formed large-scale rural electrification, water drainage and irriga-
tion networks, thus greatly heightening the resistance capacity to
natural calamities.
The Chinese agronomists have also made continuous and devoted
efforts to expand agricultural growth, going out to the countryside
with scientific measurement instruments and knapsacks on their backs,
fixing themselves at the research bases, building pilot fields for the
purpose of propagating agricultural techniques, and
acquainting the farmers with .00 modern scientific techniques, striv-
ing energetically to make these farmers adopt these techniques. These
experts, worl,"ibn the research bases and cultivating the pilots fields
themselves have now amounted to over 2,600 persons who have set up
a total amount of 1000 research bases and pilot fields
in various areas in the whole country. Astonishing results have been
achieved on these bases and fields: for instance, on a pilot wheat
land of 33,000 ha in Yunchiang Special Zone, Szechwan province, the as-
tounding result of an increase of 70 percent over last year's produc-
tion has been attained for 1966.
Thus, one can see that China has made truly major efforts to ex-
pand and improve Jc'kx its agricultural production. What is worthy of
attention in all these efforts, however, remains the effort to improve
the quality of China's agricultural crops. Just as in the case of the
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development of Japanese agriculture since the Meiji restoration, it is
obvious that to get to the present high level the development of rice
cultivation in Japan has been due ? in no small part to the assiduous
efforts at improvement of the quality of the paddy. These efforts do
not yield results overnight and one must strive continuously over the
years before seeing any: in China too, steady efforts have been made
and already great results have started to show. For instance, the New
China News Agency on 4 April 1966 reported from Peking that this year,
the provinces of it Kwantung and Kiangsu have helped the province of Hu-
peh by supplying it with over 3,500 tons of superior rice seed, while
in the province of Anhwei there have been procured from within
and without the province over 10,000 tons of seeds for use in the spring
crop and for distribution in various localities. Also, in the province
of Honan it is reported that 27,000 tons of various fine crop and cotton
seed have been made ready for sixteen mbx hsien alone. Thus, we can say
that the vast procurement of good seeds indicates the steady large-scale
advance on the part of China regarding the improvement and dissemination
of good seeds. The steady success of seed improvement and its large-
scale dissemination have therefore truly improved the nature of Chinese
agriculture from the foundation up, so to speak. Hereunder, we would
like to find out roughly the main imamm= movements carried out in China
recently to improve the quality of its crops.
The New "Ai-chiao-nam-t'e" Breed of Early Rice
This is a superior variety of sturdy and short-stemmed, productive
early rice grown by Hung Chun-li in collaboration with Hung Chun-ying--
Hung Chun-li is the Party section secretary of Tung-ts'ang Brigade, T'u-
p'u People's Commune, Chao-yang Pxbrkr Hsien, Kwar#,ung Province. Hung
Chun-li started breeding this variety separately in 1956" which he suc-
ceeded after three-four years of experimental cultivation. During the
period of separate breeding, only about 1000 grains were planted alto-
gether, but last year the variety was propagated to over 6,000,000 mu
(or over 400,000 ha) in the southern provinces of Kwarrung, Chekiang,
Fukien and Anhwei, etcs over 900,000 mu (or more than 60,000 ha) in the
"home province" of this breed ("Ai-chiao-nan-t'e" 5ranslator's Note.-
Literally means "Short-foot Southern Special"7), Kwartung, and while
its propagation kd over large areashas started only since
last year in theprovinces of Chekiang, Fukien and Anhwei, iv;AW over
L,300,000 mu (or more than 290,000 ha) have already been planted with
this breed in the whole of the province of Chekiang 3rM~w4rur, where
the area of propagation has been largest. In the provinces of Hupehm,
Szechuan and Kiangsu, the propagation of the breed has b started since
last year to reach small extensions. Thus, this new breed has la spread
like sig wildfire in Southern China, reaching over 10,000,000 mu (or
more than 670,000 ha) by this year.
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There are many warm and rainy regions in southern China,
but as the traditional breeds all are long-stemmed, they get broken du-
ring the growth period when visited with the frequent ty
phoons that rage through the area, thus bringing about a decrease in the
production. Consequently, the key to increasing the early rice harvest
in South China consists in solving the question of early rice dropping:
this points right to the "Ai-chiao-nan-t'e" variety which ripens fast,
is short-stemmed, takes vigorously to fertilizers, which does not droop
and is highly productive. Thus, it is a revolutionary breed that helps
solve the early rice problems of South China.
Grown in Kwarrung province, the JbUJbddm "Ai-chiao-nan-t 'e" va-
riety ripens ten to twenty days earlier than the more common long-stemmed
varieties, thus being able to avoid the violent storms and rains and at-
tendant insect pests that usually come after the period of growth of
early rice, to extend the period of water of late rice,
and im even to ease the contradictions between the labor outlay and cul-
tivation =ftobix seasons. According to investigations, one hectare
generally produces from 4,500 to 5,250 kg, representing an increase of
10 to 30 percent over the figures for traditional long-stemmed varieties
while in some exceptional localities where the cultivation techniques
are fine, one hectare can even reach the record -production of 7,500 kg
over large areas.
The New "Lu-ts'ai-hao" Breed of Early Rice
This is a fine breed of early rice that 11r. Lu Ts'ai, who is now
69 years old, a conscientious farmer of Shang-wei Brigade, Lai-tien
kmbm Commune, Hsien-yu Hsien, Fukien Province, succeeded in breeding
in 1952. The name of the breeder was subsequently taken to name the
variety. This variety has been introduced from Fu-
kien into seven ' hsien of the provinces of Kiangsu, Chekiang, Hunan,
Hupeh and Kwarrung and propagated to over 600,000 ha in the whole
country by 1965- The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture has selected this
t as one of the fine wetfield rice breeds of China, Mr. Lu Ts'ai him-
self has received certificates of praise over ten times, recently he has
even been invited to become an official member o {olden 'Province* In-
stitute of Agricultural Sciences. In 1959, the "Lu-ts'ai-hao" variety
was exhibited at the International Agricultural Expositi.n and since
then, it has been ?xtxmmahK introduced into Korea, Vietnam and Cuba.
The "Lu-ts'ai-hao" is highly productive and tastes good when cooked.
But besides these strong points, ?txxsJm it is long-stemmed, fx droops
easily, while its grains shed easily also. Because of
these shortcomings, Mr. Lu Tstai has struggled to overcome them, trying
to crossbreed it with "Ai-chiao-nan-t'e" since 1965, obtaining already
fine results, producing a small amount of a new breed that is shorter
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than the original "Lu-Ts'ai-hao", that carries longer ears with fuller
grains.
The "Kwang-ch'ang-ai" and "Chen-chu-ai" Breeds
With an eye on the development of sturdy and short-stemmed paddy
breeds such as the above-mentioned Kwarung-bred "Ai-chiao-nan-t'e", the
farmers in that typhoon-infested province have spontaneously tried to
shorten the stem of their paddy breeds by controlling the irrigation
water dosage and the level of fertilizers, producing
in the process fine "Ai-tzu-nien" farmers' breeds.
Hung Ch'un-ying also has produced others still by pick-
ing out natural variantx ears out of these breeds. The agricultural
scientists, in their turn, have been greatly enlightened by many of
these mass experiments which they put to repeated in-
vestigation analyses. Besides, they have also come to recognize that
the way to solve the problem of paddy dropping and low yields is to grow
short-stemmed, robust and root-clustered breeds. Thus it is worth no-
ticing that from 1956 on, xftkxt~w starting with the study of short-
stemmed paddy breeds, the Chinese have been able to overcome quite a
number of shortcomings such as the vulnerability to diseases and late
ripening by absorbing into many breeds the characteristics of "Ai-tzu-
nien" and "Ai-chiao-nan-t'e" varieties such as their high yield, their
resistance to fertilizers and their tendency not to droop. After pain-
ful research during a couple of xu= years, by 1959 finally they suc-
ceeded in breeding the "Kwang-ch'ang-ai" variety that answered all these
requirements (resistance to fertilizers, tendency not to drop, few dis-
eases, high yield and zkmdzEsd= short stem). After that, there followed
a whole series of short-stemmed mq= fine breeds of early rice: "Chen-
chu-ai", "Chiang-ai-tsao", "Chiang-nan-ai," and "Ehr-chiu-ai", etc.
During the period of experimental planting and the process of pro-
pagation of these fine breeds, the agronomists set up model bases in
representative areas. Wnile planting E s the newly selected breeds at
these bases on an experimental basis, taking tkz= them as pilot propa-
gation fields, the agronomists also listen to the opinions of the cadres
and peasants, combining them with the results of scientific research and
the realities of production. As a result, these new breeds do not merely
get propagated fast, they also get improved ceaselessly.
In 196 4., for a whole year, the agricultural xt sciences research
branches of the provinces of Kwar#ung, Kwangsi and Fukien car-
ried out regional experiments with superior breeds of South
China paddy on 15 pilot projects centered around the Kwang-thou Shih-p'ai
area of the province of Kwangtung, thus proceeding to an appraisal of
a host of superior breeds of paddy. In addition twenty five fine re-
gional breeds or recently selected breeds,iin-
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cluding 12 breeds of early rice and 13 breeds of late rice, have also been,
planted. As a result of this, the conference of people connected with
this project that net recently has unanimously decided that this year
(1965) one can go ahead with the experimental propagation of on large
areas of four breeds : the "Kwang-hsuan Number 3" bred by the Kwamghsz
Kwangsi Institute of Agricultural Sciences, the "Chen-
chu-ai Number 10" bred by the Kwantung Province Institute of Agricul-
tural Sciences, the "Kwang-ch'ang-ai Number 3784" and the "San-shu-tsao
2843.1
'Twang-hsuan Number 3" is a superior breed of early rice requiring
an average period for ripening and having all the required characteris-
tics such as short stems, dropping with difficulty, resistance to fer-
tilizers, great adaptibility and steady high yields. Estimated to be
fine for experimental propagation in various localities of Kwangtung
province, the breed has been made ready t for introduction into and
experimental cultivation in the southern and northwestern parts of the
province of Fukien.
1116Chen-chu-ai Number 10" and "Kwang-ch'ang-ai Number 3784" are su-
perior breeds of early rice requiring average periods for ripening and
having all these characteristics such as short stems, dropping with dif-
ficulty, shortening with the application of fertilizers, relative invul-
nerability to diseases, and steady high yields. Having been planted in
the regions of Liao-chou, Nan-ping, Pai-she, and Yu-lin of Kwangsi, the
breed has been recognized by the conference as fine for replacement of
the majority of the traditional long-stemmed breeds.
Cultivated over large areas for the last two years in Hainan Island
(Kwangtung province), the "Chen-chu-ai" breed has produced remarkable
yields. Grown in the same conditions, this breed gives an increase of
20-30 percent over the other breeds. In Ch'iung-hai Hsien of the same
island, this year "Chen-chu-ai" has been xbmxWA cultivated over vast
areas, yielding large increases and as 2,750 tons of the breed already
harvested in June have been sent to Chekiang province, it is expected
that it will be cultivated widely in Chekiang in 1966.
"San-shu-tsao 2843" is a superior breed of late rice requiring an
average period for ripening, producing large ears, yielding hii rates,
showing little vulnerability to diseases and giving good quality rice.
At the above-mentioned conference, it is recognized as being fine for
experimental cultivation over large areas in the provinces of Kwangsi
and Fukien. According to the experiences gathered in Hainan, this breed
can be sown and harvested early in three-crop and two-crop areas, thus
raising the abundance index, solving the contradictions between the ixzc
shortage of manpower and the farmers' busy season while reducing the
damage that typhoons might inflict.
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The "T'u-chuang Early Rice" Mountain Breed
Above we have all dealt with JOw new breeds of wetfield rice found
in South China. In fact, in North China, rice cultivation has x3aupavammd
also progressed rapidly as t great Q effort has been devoted to the im-
provement and selection of northern breeds. One instance of this is to
be found in the breeding of the fine mountain breed called "T'u-ehuang
Early Rice" and grown by Mr. Chao Huaip'ing, a farmer from Chin-huang-tao
2xtxmi in Hopeh province. Mr. Chao ihm Huai ping was a member of the
'*T'u-chuang production brigade in the commune of Ma-fang, Chin-huang-tao
city. At harvest time in the fall of 1960, Mr. Chao discovered several
ears of rice with large gzzkmq; white grains that did not shed easily.
This was in contradiction with earlier experience where the paddy grown
on this land used to shed the grains at harvest time. Consequently, Mr.
Chao picked out only the above-mentioned sturdy ears and grew them the
following year, reaping 4-5 kg of paddy. Continuing with the experimental
cultivation, jmDduumu, in the third year he harvested 200 kg. By 1963,
cultivating the sam breed on 1.9 ha, he reached a production of 3000 kg
per hectare, representing an increased yield of 30 percent as compared
to the regular mountain breeds cultivated on the same land. As a result
of these experimental cultivations, this particular breed has been found
to be resistant in regard to diseases, to ripen about 20 days
faster than the other regular mountain breeds, and to produce fine qua-
litty rice when cooked. Acknowledged to be a superior breed for the loca-
lity by the authorities concerned, this new breed has been called 1T'u-
chuang Early Rice". The whole iX Vu-chuang brigade has shifted
in 1965 to the cultivation of this superior breed.
A Breed Geared Towards the Cold Climate of the North,
the "Ch' ang-feng-hao"
On coming home in 1956, Mr. Liao Chang-yin (at present 29 years
old), a senior high school student, member of the First Production $ x
gx Team of the iisin-hsing Production Brigade, Wan-pao People's Commune,
An-t'u Hsien, Chi-lin province, devoted himself to the study of various
wetfield rice breeds. By now, he has produced two cold-resistant, early
ripening and high-yield superior x+ rice breeds: the "Wan-pao Number 6"
and the "Wan-pao Number 11." These give a a yield superior to that of
the more traditional breeds by * 20 to 30 percent. In the last few years,
these two breeds have been propagated to the various hsien at the foot
of the Chang-pai.-shan such as An-t'u, Hua-lung, Yen-chi, Tun-hua, and
Wang-ch'ing. In 1961, Mr. Liao Ch'ang-yin xbckm selected 40 plants from
a "Wan-pao Number 11" breeding field. He then carried out com-
parative mqqxxi= experiments on breeding fields for two consecutive
years starting from 1962 until he discovered a new breed of high and
stable yield. This new breed not only gives an increased yield of over
10 percent more than the "Wan-pao Number 11" breed, it also ripens faster
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while being more resistant. This new breed is called "Ch'ang-feng-hao".
Last year (1964), the production team to which Mro fa Liao Chang-yin
belongs planted "Chiang-feng-hao" on 3.8 ha and harvested 6052.5 kg of
paddy on the average per hectare, representing a new record yield for
wetfield rites cultivated on high cold mountain lands. This year (1965),
practically all the fields of the above-mentioned production team are
planted with "Chiang-feng-hao" while it is at the same time planted over
large areas by other production teams in the region as well.
A Superior Breed of Wheat
Among the fine breeds of wheat in China, we have the "Pi-ma" variety
that is xt widely propagated in many areas, but recently there has been
discovered and introduced a new fine breed that even surpasses the "Pi-ma"
variety.
For instance, the Crop Research Bureau of the Agricultural Sciences
Institute ?mKtkmcftf of Honan province, the center of wheat production of
China, has crossbred "Pi-ma Number L" with early ripening foreign wheat
breeds to produce "Cheng-chou Number 4." This is a breed that breaks
with difficulty, that is resistant to the cold, that is not vulnerable
to diseases and that does not drop easily. As a result of continuous
experimentation during three years in Cheng-chou localities that have
fine fertilizer and irrigation conditions, yields of 3112 kg to 5490 kg
have been reached for one hectare, representing an average increase of
21.7 percent over those of "Pi-ma Number 1" and "Pi-ma Number 1k." Simi-
larly, Mir. Kung Wen-sheng, a breeder of Nei-hsiang Agricultural Experi-
mentation Station in ibm Honan Province, has bred 2tmm the "Nei-hsiang 36"
variety that is resistant to"rust", that ripens fast, that k carries
large grains and that is of fire quality. Cultivated on an experimental
basis in many localities in various regions such as Cheng-chou, Hsu-
ch'ang, and Nei-hsiang, this breed has given an increased yield by more
than 15 percent over that of "Pima Number 1" and "Pi-ma Number ~."
Also, in the province of JbnEk Anhwei, fine breeds of wheat imp in-
troduced from Albania have also started to be cultivated on a large scale.
In the fall of 196 4., in the province of Anhwei, from the Huai-pei Ictm
plain to the regions bordering the Yang-tzu river, many people's communes
planted the three breeds of wheat imported from Albania, Uktri "Chiri,"
"Af," and "Apo," over a total area of 10,270 ha. According to sample
investigations after the summer harvest this year (1965), the yield has
proved to be about 20 percent above the txxtitimm traditional breeds.
In the suburbs of Peking also, x since the fall of 1962, there
have been grown such fine wheat breeds as "Nung-ta 311", "Peking Number 8",
"Peking Number 5", "Peking Number 6", and "Peking Number 7." Fine seeds
have also been selected and supplied to various localities, having been
~5oc
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sent to eight provinces alkwirathwx during 1965: Hopeh, Shansi, Shensi,
Shantung, i( Honan, Kansu, Anhwei and Kiangsu. As shotm by the results
of cultivation in the suburbs of pmkixg* Peking, these fine seeds are
relatively resistant to ift diseases and insects, they do not droop easily
and produce grains the weight of which comes up to a maximum of
)47 kg per 1000 large ones: these are found to be the common characteris-
tics of the new breeds. Of these, the "Peking Number 8" variety, besides
having Jd= such characteristics xx common to the other breeds such as
high ,;Yield, resistance to disease and little k drooping, also presents
superior qualities such as quick ripening, having white grains,
and being of fine quality when cooked.
Moreover, in the 50-odd large-scale mechanized State farms of
Heilungkiang province, this year there have been selected
for cultivation fine breeds grown by the farms themselves, representing
24 breeds altogether (possessing all the characteristics of early, average
and late ripening* such as "Liao-ch'un Number 1", "Tung-nong Number 1",
and"K'o-chiang") in the xp! spring wheat crop which accounts for about
half of the total sown area of the farms. As there are both kinds, the
breeds that ripen fast and those that ripen mi late, harvest time does
not come all at once, the majority of the mv= wheat crpps being over
before the rainy season, thus avoiding losses.
In the breeding of fine wheat varieties, we have a farmer, Mr,
Sheng Kuo, who has been nicknamed "the breeding maniac." He is a farmer
from the province of Hopeh and the "wheat king" variety that he intro-
duced from the province of k Tsinghai is very interesting. This variety
called the "king of whoats" grows on the Tsinghai plateaus at over 2800 m
above sea-level, yielding up to over 200 stems from one stump with every-
one kxxing bearing long ears. It is a kind of phantom wheat variety
that yields up to over 500 g of wheat per plant. When he heard of this
Mr. Sheng Kuo immediately acquired some ten grains of s
this seed from Tsinghai, three of which he sowed in Tientsin and reaped
the seeds. Mien the breed was cultivated the following year on an ex-
perimental basis at the Ch'in-t'ai People's Commune in Ningho province,
it produced an effective number of 90 tillers and ripe ears that were
xxxiftX much bigger than those of the "Pi-ma Number 1" variety. In 1963,
experimental cultivation was carried out with this variety at many
points in the suburbs of Tsang-thou. By last year (1960, the area of
cultivation kas had expanded to about 70 ha. As the breed tillers in
great quantity, one needs to sow one plant every 3-1. sun or even 5-6 sun
/ranslator8s Note,- One sun roughly equals 3 cm-.7 only, thus econ-
omizing a great deal on the seeds while yielding a unit production f
= representing an increase of 50 percent or over twice the
regular yield of such breeds as "Hsiao-hung-mang" and "Tsao-yang Wheat"
usually cultivated in Tsang-thou region of Hopeh province. The 1831
leadership of Tsang-thou Special Zone have recognized this ear-rich
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variety as a superior breed and decided to gradually propagate it depend-
ing on the x quality of the land and its appropriateness.
Fine Breeds of Soy Bean and Other Cereals
19 ro.r ax the production of soy bean xsx3 ~c i Heilungkiang in
the Northeast has long been famous. The fine quality of this soy bean
is x common knowledge both at home and abroad. The cultivation of soy
bean occupies about one fifth of the total cultivation area of the pro-
vince every year, accounting for about 1,330,000 ha in 1965. The culti-
vated soy bean is uniformly of fine quality, including such breeds as
"Rich Harvest Number 2", "Rich Harvest Number 14", "Rich Harvest Number 6",
I "Tung-nung Number 1", "Tung-nung Number it," and "Pei-liang"--these
varieties have been bred by the Agricultural Sciences Research Depart-
ment x$1 11 _i I and the Agricultural Institute of Heilungkiang--
plus such local farmers' fine breeds as "Leap Forward Number 1." These
varieties are all of fine quality, they yield large crops and besides
having a rich oil content, they have fine stems that do not drop easily
and are appropriate for mechanized harvesting.
Besides, in the two provinces of Kiangsu and Shantung, there are
bred also two fine breeds of soy bean, "Hsiao-tsa 14" and "Ch'i-huang
Number 1". In 1964, the cultivation of soy bean in these two
provinces has spread to cover 6700 ha. The regular crop yield of these
two breeds come to about 50 percent or more than JGkx that of the more
traditional breeds.
As far as the other cereals are concerned, in the province of Liao-
tung, Jd= Professor Kung Chi-tao and others of the Shen yang Agricul-
tural Institute have bred the "Fen-chih Ta-hung-sui /Translator's
Note.- Split branch, Large red ears` kaoliang" (also known as Jdcix
"Kaoliang Number 95") which yields an increased$ production of 50 per-
cent or more than the regular fine breeds of the region such as "Man-
t'ien-hung" or "Kwan-tung-ch'ing". In 1965, "Kaoliang Number 9511 has
already been propagated to 67,000 ha of land in the province of Liao-
tung alone.
In the province of Honan, the young agricultural technician, Mr.
Chang Li-p'eng succeeded in breeding three new breeds of millet, "Hsin-
nung Tung-ehr", "Hsin-nung 30" and "Hsin-nung 7214." which yield an in-
creased production of about 30 percent over the farmers' fine breeds of
the same region. these new breeds have been propagated fast to various
localities of the countryside. Also in the province of Shantung, the
fine peanut breed called "Fu-hua-sheng" which was bred by some farmers
was propagated to 67,000 ha in 1961 in the same province alone,
giving an increased production of 10 percent over regular years. Other
varieties of cereals such as corn have also been the subject of breed
selection: the fine breeds subsequently get have all been cultivated and
widely propagated.
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Picture showing soya bean harvested the state fares in Eailung
{ian o ,
Thirty or more state farms under the T?ortheast
?1;;riculti:ral Reclamation General :ur?cau of 'ieilun;kiang ,)roduced.,
de spite
drought and flood calamities, ebout 10 percent more
ra?ilast year than in 1963 and the ar~,ount of co:ariodity drain d:positcc'
to t' -tat(- last year was 20 percent more than the previous yaar.
`-t t'.ese farms this year, soya mean undr.r cultivation are "poi-liang"
and ''feng-shut -- ;ooc quality seeds that give hiLhcr yiclc, that
nature faster, that have higher/longer pod to permit bctter harvest
rmechincry.
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Picture shv7_ ngg the urc of vinyl sheeting to insulate ri cc-see,iling
beds at the Chg un-chi ang Commune in T 'u-yang Hsicn9 hekiang - The
use of vir'y*1 shectings for insulating rice-scedlirg beds in China was
st rcc:d not too long ago; but its popularity is c: anci_ng by leaps and
')oundso or example, in Kwan^tung Province, the C.,imension of insulated
beds shored a 3k-fold ircreasc last year over the ,rcvious year; this
year, the increase over last ycaz is more than 7 tf.raes (about 2,300
hectares); in Hunan, this year's increase over last year is 7 times;.
and in Chekiang., 11 times.
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CHINA WAC 494B HUPEH PROVINCE
Harvesting wheat with combine at 66-hecta ld, Tung-hsi-
hu Farm. Under Prov Agr Sci Inst. 1965.
Confidential (24) CIA 1069625
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Pictt.ro shotrir_g a co-, ire barveeti_ng trnoa.t at the 66-1 Lo are mcdel
i,hca.t field of the Tung-hsi-hu Farn in Hupeh Provircc. This model
farii _rc s sat- up through Vic joint cffort; of the Hupch Provincial
. ri:;ultural ac_cnce =nstitutc (r-trE;--yeh ki-o-hsuah cn-chiu--so) and
Farm workers and cadres, it is engaged in conducting scient -fic
egc~:iments on types of seeds, cultivatinn tcchniquus, mechanized
etc., and is responsible for popularizing advanced
cultivating
e~per_ences in obtaining higher yield wheat by the various farms.
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CHINA WAC 498C LUNG-CHI HSIEN 24 31 N 117 40 E
Paddy planting at Lien-hua People's Commune. 1965. 25X
Confidential (1-24) 26
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Pic'jurc showi r,g paddy planting at the Licn-hua -canlel s Corimusne in
Lund;-hai Hsien9 Fukien. Sirce communization., thcso paddy fields
have been enlarged and partitien::do
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CHINA WAC 615B PING-NAN HSIEN 23 33 N 110 23 E
Planting rice with machine at Fu-cheng commune. 1965.
Confidential (24)
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Picture showing mechanized paddy plantit at the :?u-chlun-, ommune
in ?'ink-nan Hsion,, T' ung Triba ??-'utonomcus Jistrict, Kwangsi. The
mjcl-anized paddy plant` ng cquipmLnt shorn here was 2-ucc3ssfully trial
produced during, the a ricultural technical r~:form drive launched Li
1959 in this autonomous district.
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Picture shoiring Lu Tst ai9 who cult 3.vat:.d the early-ri cc "Lu-Tst ai Wu-"
He is now engaged in leading the young seed developers of Shan=;'u ?Hsien9
ukien Provin,r!e s his birthplace.
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Fict :_ire showing the nctr car1y-ricc, "Lu-Ts' ai L UU c`.cve lops d dr
cono _af?tious acracr, Lu Ts' ai, of Shan-yu Hsic:n, Fukien, and now
Lcing popularized rapidly
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