BIBLIOGRAPHY INSURGENCY AND COUNTERINSURGENCY SINCE WORLD WAR II

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INSURGENCY AND
COUNTERINSURGENCY
SINCE WORLD Y. AR I I
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Prefatory Note
I. General Section
II. Selected Countries
Africa
Algeria
Kenya
Europe
Cyprus
Greece
Hungary
Near East
Israel
Southeast Asia
Indochina
Indonesia
Malaya
Far East
The Philippines
Western Hemisphere
Cuba
Pages
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This is a short annotated bibliography of publications for basic reading
on the military and political aspects of insurgency and counterinsurgency.
With the exception of Mao Tse-tung's classic work, On Guerrilla Warfare,
all of the specific insurgencies described are in the post-World War II era.
Mao's book is included because of its influence on this type of warfare in
Vietnam, Cuba and elsewhere. Certain books listed in the General section,
which comprises Part I of this bibliography, contain material on earlier
periods, but this is only incidental. to the material on the post-World War II
period emphasized in those titles.
The first section of this bibliography contains titles of a general nature.
on this type of conflict, whether it be known as insurgency and counter-
insurgency, guerrilla and counterguerrilla warfare, wars of national
liberation, or, more simply, internal war. The second section is given
over to books on specific instances of insurgency and counterinsurgency in
selected countries. U. S. military manuals and studies have been excluded
from both sections since these materials are readily identifiable and ac-
cessible in official libraries.
It is recognized that many of the books listed are biased in their
presentation. Even with this bias, which is largely in political viewpoint,
there is much value in these books. Insofar as they describe specific
political and military actions, strategy, and tactics associated with
insurgency and counterinsurgency as well as the interaction of the political
and military aspects of given situations, they are useful. In listing what
are believed to be the most authoritative works available in English on
these events, it is recognized that any one charged with the study of a
particular situation will have to read in much greater depth, utilizing
more detailed studies and bibliographical tools.
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Casebook on Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare: 23 Summary Accounts
Washington: The American University, Special Operations
Research Office, 1962
607 p. Maps.
Foreword by Theodore R. Valiance, Director, Special Operations
Research Office. Bibliographical footnotes and a list of recom-
mended readings follow each section.
This volume is one of a series of studies prepared by SORO under
contract with the Department of the Army. It was prepared from
unclassified sources, with heavy reliance on secondary sources, and was
developed as a "reader" in insurgency and revolutionary warfare. The
23 cases are summary descriptive accounts of specific insurgency situ-
ations, and a standard textual format is used. The casebook illustrates
the types of economic, social, political and military conditions under
which the insurgency occurred, and includes a discussion, in each
instance, of the insurgent movement and the countering efforts. Among
the country cases considered are Algeria (1954-62); China (1947-49);
Congo (1960); Cuba (1953-59); Hungary (1956); Indonesia (1945-49); Iran
(1953); Iraq (1958); Korea (1960); Malaya (1948-57); and Vietnam (1946-54),
2. THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. SPECIAL OPERATIONS RESEARCH OFFICE
Undergrounds in Insurgent, Revolutionary, And Resistance Warfare
Washington: The American University, Special Operations
Research Office, 1963
358 p. Illus. Maps. Charts. Index.
Foreword by Theodore R. Vallance, Director, Special Operations
Research Office. Bibliographical footnotes at the end of each section.
This volume is one of a series of studies prepared by SORO under
contract with the Department of the Army. The book includes chapters
on the role of undergrounds in resistance and revolutionary warfare; the
administrative function of undergrounds (recruitment, logistics, security),
underground operational "functions and techniques; and the use of under-
grounds by the communists. The second part of the book is devoted to
specific case studies--the French and Yugoslav resistance in World
War II; and the post -war insurgent activities in Algeria, Greece, Malaya,
Palestine and the Philippines. Each case study in this section includes
a description of the counterinsurgent measures used by incumbent govern-
ments. With the exception of the sections on countermeasures, the
study is written to reflect the insurgent's point of view, rather than that
of the counterinsurgent.
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Conflict in the Shadows: The Nature and Politics of Guerrilla War
Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1963
180 p. Index.
Foreword by Stewart Alsop. Bibliography.
Cross served in the OSS during World War II and has had extensive
governmental experience since that time. He has also been a Research
Associate at the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, and a Research Assistant to George Kennan at
the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. He is presently an
associate of the Institute for Defense Analyses. The book is a well
written, panoramic examination of insurgency and counterinsurgency.
Making liberal use of historical and current illustrations, the book
describes the kinds of environments and the synoptic conditions in
which insurrection may take root and flourish, the character of the mili-
tary conflict between guerrilla and government forces, the critical
struggle between the two for popular support, and the roles, problems,
and ramifying burdens of foreign powers involved on either side. He
writes at some length on tactics, targets, weaponry, logistics and com-
munications. The weakest aspect of the book is the lack of detailed
discussion on the role of intelligence in this type of warfare.
4. ECKS T EIN, Harry, editor
Internal War: Problems And Approaches
New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1964
339 p. Index.
Bibliographical footnotes at the end of each chapter.
Eckstein is Professor of Political Science, Princeton University,
and a research associate at Princeton's Center of International Studies.
He is an authority on comparative government and politics. This book
is one of a series of studies being conducted on the subject of internal
war at Princeton's Center of International Studies. It comprises a com-
pilation. of essays on the application of contemporary social theories to
internal war, and its authors are specialists in the various fields of
social science. The subjects discussed include terror and violence,
the roots of insurgency, and external involvement in internal war.
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5. GALULA, David
Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964
143 p. Figs. Map.
Foreword by Robert R. Bowie, Director, Center for International
Affairs, Harvard University
Galula is a graduate of the French Military Academy at Saint-Cyr
and fought in the European Theater during World War II. He had post-
war service in China and Southeast Asia, served as a United Nations
Military Observer in Greece (1949-50), as Military Attache in Hong
Kong, and in Algeria. The author examines the nature and general
characteristics of revolutionary war, and the prerequisites for success-
ful insurgency, including its growth patterns, environment and charac-
teristics. He then develops principles for guiding the counterinsurgent.
These embody the orderly and systematic concentration, employment,
and intensive use of all assets available to the political leadership of
the counterinsurgency effort, as well as military superiority in unit
strength and equipment. The design is to take and hold the initiative
and the mood is relentlessly on the offensive.
6. HEILBRUNN, Otto
Partisan Warfare
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1962
199 p. Charts. Maps. Index.
Foreword by Colonel The Honorable Christopher Montague
Woodhouse, Commander of the Allied Mission to the Greek
Guerrillas in World War II. Appendix. On Partisan Warfare
in World War II. Bibliography.
Dr. Heilbrunn is a leading historian of irregular warfare, and has
also written a book on the Soviet. Secret Services. Partisan Warfare is
a scholarly overall study with World War II and post-World War II
examples from Algeria, China, Cyprus, Greece, Indochina, Kenya,
Malaya, the USSR and Yugoslavia. Among the subjects treated are
guerrilla and anti-guerrilla tactics, techniques, intelligence, air
support, and relations with the populace. Note should also be taken of
this author's study, Warfare in the Enemy's Rear (New York: Praeger,
1963), describing the World War II use of Special Forces during declared
international wars.
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7. MAO Tse-Tung
On Guerrilla Warfare
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1961
114 p.
Introduction by Brigadier General Samuel B. Griffith, USMC (Ret.).
Translator's Note by Griffith (1940). A Further Note by Griffith
(1961). Appendix, containing tables of organization for guerrilla
units.
General Griffith served for more than 25 years in the Marine Corps.
He also holds a Ph. D. in Chinese history from Oxford University. Mao's
book was originally published in China in 1937, under the title of Yu Chi
Chan. This work is considered a basic text for the study of modern
guerrilla warfare.
For further writings of Mao in the field of guerrilla warfare, see:
Selected Military Writings of Mao Tse-Tung (Peking: Foreign Languages
Press, 1963); and Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung (London: Lawrence &
Wishart, 1954-56, 4 vols. ).
8. MIKSCHE, Ferdinand Otto
Secret Forces: The Technique of Underground Movements
London: Faber and Faber, 1950
181 p. Maps. Diagrams. Index.
Lt. Col. Miksche was a Czechoslovak army officer. He fought
with the Loyalist forces in Spain during the Spanish Civil War,, and
joined the Czechoslovak forces in France after his country was overrun
by the Germans. Escaping to London, he was associated with the secret
service activities of the Free French forces. He subsequently became
an officer in the French Army. This books discusses and analyzes the
organization of underground forces, their strategy, techniques, training
and defenses against guerrilla warfare.
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Notes on Guerrilla War
Washington: Command Publications, 1961
185 p. Illus. Index.
Bibliographical footnotes. Bibliography. Training Bibliography.
Appendix: Translation of 9 leaflets.
Colonel Ney has had extensive active duty experience with the Army
in the field of military history. During the Korean War he served in
Psychological Warfare. He has written several articles on unconven-
tional warfare, and is a member of the faculty of George Washington
University. This book is a general study of guerrilla and anti-guerrilla
warfare, with emphasis on the World War II and post-World War II
eras. The psychological warfare aspects of insurgency are also
discussed.
10. OSANKA, Franklin Mark, editor
Modern Guerrilla Warfare: Fighting Communist Guerrilla
Movements, 1941-1961
New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1962
519 p. Index.
Introduction: Guerrilla-Warfare in Theory and Policyby Samuel P.
Huntington, Institute of War and Peace Studies, Columbia
University. Research Bibliography on Guerrilla and Unconventional
Warfare. Bibliographical Notes at the end of most chapters.
Osanka is a member of the Human Resources Research Office of
George Washington University, where he is particularly concerned with
U. S. Army special warfare problems. This book is a collection of
studies by various authors on guerrilla warfare. Part One surveys the
history of guerrilla activities in modern times. Part Two deals with
Soviet guerrilla warfare and Part Three treats with these activities in
Communist China. Subsequent parts discuss guerrilla activities in the
post-World War II Philippines, Greece, Indochina, Laos, Vietnam, and
Malaya. The remainder of the book is devoted to the Cuban Revolution,
the Algerian Rebellion, and Counterguerrilla Procedures and Policies.
The bibliography is comprehensive.
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11. PARET, Peter
French Revolutionary Warfare from Indochina to Algeria: The Analysis
of a Political and Military Doctrine
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964
163 p. Charts.
Appendix, containing a summary of directives on psychological
warfare issued by the Center for Pacification and Counter-
guerrilla Instruction of the 10th Military Region in Algiers.
Bibliographical Notes. Select Bibliography of Writings on
Guerre REvolutionnaire.
Paret is an Associate Professor of History, University of
California. He is also a Research Associate of the Center of Inter-
national Studies, Princeton University, and a consultant to the RAND
Corporation. This book is a study of the French doctrine of guerre
revolutionnaire as it evolved from the lessons learned in Indochina,
and as it was applied in Algeria. A lengthy chapter on French psycho-
logical warfare in this period is included. Intensive use of French
sources has been made.
12. PARET, Peter and John W. Shy
Guerrillas in the 1960's
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1962 (Revised Edition)
98 p. Selected Bibliography.
Paret is a member of the Princeton Center of International Studies.
He has taught at the Royal Staff College and the Imperial Defence College
and was consultant to the Institute of Strategic Studies in London. Shy is
a West Point graduate and is now teaching at Princeton. The original
edition of this work was also published in 1962, but the manuscript was
actually completed in mid-1961. The second (revised) edition makes few
changes in the text, but the Introduction has been recast and the final
chapter expanded. The number of titles in the bibliography of the revised
edition has been nearly doubled. This book is a brief but useful short
study of guerrilla and counterguerrilla warfare, including a section on
the relation of guerrilla warfare to American policy. The military,
political and social implications and considerations of this type of warfare
are described.
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13. TRINQUIER, Roger
Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964
115 p.
[Introduction:] A Portrait of the "Centurion" by Bernard B. Fall
Translated from the French by Daniel Lee
Col. Trinquier was a regular French officer for about thirty years.
Prior to World War II he served in Indochina, and during World War II
he was in Shanghai with the forces of Vichy France. In the late forties
he was again in Indochina, and returned there once more in 1951, com-
manding French behind-the-lines activities until the cease-fire in 1954.
His subsequent military career was largely spent in Algeria. Trinquier's
doctrine highlights intense, highly professional military and police
operations in counterinsurgency, the destruction of the insurgents' appa-
ratus in the towns and villages, the restructuring of the inhabitants
under local civilian leaders chosen carefully for their qualities of
initiative and intelligence, and the development of self-defense units
within an assuredly secure environment. As the situation improves,
civil action can be utilized. The support of the people is emphasized.
Trinquier lays considerable stress on the application of intelligence
principles to counterinsurgency actions, and emphasizes the need for
professional interrogators.
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II. BOOKS ON INSURGENCY AND COUNTERINSURGENCY
IN SELECTED COUNTRIES
14. THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. SPECIAL OPERATIONS RESEARCH OFFICE
Case Studies In Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare: Algeria 1954-1962
Washington: The American University, Special Operations
Research Office, 1963
151 p. Illus. Maps. Chart. Index.
Foreword by Theodore R. Valiance, Director, Special Operations
Research Office. Technical Appendix, containing the conceptual
frame of reference and summary of procedures for the study.
Bibliographical footnotes. Bibliographies.
This volume is one of a series of studies prepared by SORO under
contract with the Department of the Army. It was prepared from
unclassified sources, and for the most part secondary sources were
used. The book gives the historical background to Algerian dissidence,
and the factors on which it fed; then describes the organization, strategy,
and techniques of the insurgent movement. The French countering
strategy and tactics are set forth. Basically, this is not a study of
strategy and tactics; rather it concentrates on the character and dynamics
of the insurgent movement in order to give a base for the development
of policies and operations to counter similar situations.
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15. GILLESPIE, Joan
Algeria: Rebellion and Revolution
London: Ernest Benn, 1960
201 p. Maps. Index.
Introduction by Kenyon Gillespie. Selected Bibliography.
Appendix, containing maps of Algerian nationalist military activity.
This book is based on Miss Gillespie's doctoral thesis at the
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. It was published after her death
in 1959. Miss Gillespie served briefly as a U. S. Foreign Service Officer
and subsequently became a journalist specializing in African affairs.
As a journalist, she visited Algerian Nationalist Army units and terri-
tory, as well as the French Army in Algiers. The emphasis of this
book is on the Algerian side and underscores the political development
of Algerian nationalism and insurgency. Comparatively little material
on French counterinsurgent effort is included.
Books on Algerian insurgency must be approached with great caution.
Those that have been published contain varying degrees of bias and accu-
racy, depending on the political point of view of the individual authors
and the validity of their sources. Some are strongly pro-French; others
are prejudiced in favor of the French settlers in Algeria; still others are
markedly sympathetic to the various Algerian national liberation groups.
Several of the books are highly romanticized versions of the actual facts,
even though ostensibly written from first hand knowledge. Some cover
the political background of Algerian insurgency and French counter-
insurgency, with only a small section of the book given over to the
military aspects; by and large those sections are, not useful. In short,
nothing truly authoritative has as yet been published commercially on
Algerian insurgency. However, some of the more comprehensive books
listed in the General Section of this Bibliography do discuss French
counterinsurgency in Algeria with authority.
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16. HENDERSON, Ian with Philip Carter Goodhart
Man Hunt In Kenya
New York: Doubleday & Company, 1958
240 p. Illus. Map end papers.
Foreword by Mr. Richard Catling, Commissioner of Police, Kenya
Senior Superintendent Henderson of Special Branch was a Kenya-born
police officer and a key figure in British counterinsurgency activities
against the Mau Mau. Goodhart has been a newspaperman and is a Con-
servative MP. This book describes the actions leading to the capture of
the militant Mau Mau insurgent leader, Dedan Kimathi, in which Super-
intendent Henderson played a leading role. It was a major incident of
the British counterinsurgency actions in Kenya. The book also describes
the British "counter-gang" techniques used in the counterinsurgency in
Kenya (1953-1955) and elsewhere.
17. KITSON, Major Frank
Gangs and Counter-gangs-
London. Barrie and Rockliff, 1960
211 p. Maps. Charts.
Foreword by General Sir George Erskine, formerly C. in C. , Kenya
This book is an overall study of the British counterinsurgent effort
against the Mau Mau in Kenya, written from the point of view of a District
Military Intelligence Officer in Kenya during the Mau Mau uprisings (1953-
55). The most interesting feature of the book is the author's description
of the evolution of the "counter-gang" system of fighting the Mau Mau.
The "counter-gangs" lived, dressed, ate and operated as Mau Mau in
order to locate and ambush the real terrorists. While the story is told
from a relatively junior officer's level, and with a fairly localized point
of view, the author exhibits an appreciation of the general insurgency
situation and the overall intelligence picture in Kenya.
For a detailed study on the development of the Mau Mau movement
prior to the Emergency of 1953, see: 'The Origins and Growth of Mau Mau:
An Historical Survey published by the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya
(Nairobi, 1960). It was written by Government Commissioner F. D.
Corfield, a veteran British Colonial Officer.
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EUROPE
18. BARKER, Dudley
Grivas: Portrait of a Terrorist
New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1960
202 p. Illus.
Barker is a newspaper reporter and author. This book is a fairly
objective account of the Cypriot insurgency and deals with both its
political and military aspects.
London: Longmans, 1962
248 p. Illus. Map of Cyprus on end papers. Index.
Foley was formerly foreign editor of the London Daily Express and
in 1955 founded and edited the newspaper, Times of Cyprus. This book
is a personalized history of Foley's experiences in Cyprus and includes
various aspects of the Cypriot insurgency, British counterinsurgency,
and Foley's own newspaper campaign for an independent Cyprus within
the British Commonwealth. A revised edition of this book, under title
of Legacy of Strife: Cyprus from Rebellion to Civil War, is scheduled
for publication in London by Penguin Books in the near future.
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20. GRIVAS, George Y.
The Memoirs of General Grivas
London: Longmans, 1964
226 p. Illus. Map. Index.
Appendices, including a Preparatory General Plan and EOKA leaflets.
General Grivas was the military leader of EOKA, the Cypriot guer-
rilla movement to liberate Cyprus from British rule during the 1950's.
Charles Foley, who edited these Memoirs, was formerly Foreign Editor
of the London Daily Express and founded and edited the Times of Cyprus
during the Emergency there. This English language edition is based on
Grivas' original Greek text, together with additional material he has
supplied the editor from his letters and diaries, official reports and docu-
ments. It is devoted almost entirely to Gen. Grivas' activities during
the Cypriot insurgency, depicting his role as insurgent leader and the
EOKA campaigns of terror and violence.
Two other books on the insurgency have been written from opposing
points of view.W Cyprus Guerrilla by Doros Alastos (London. Heinemann,
1960) is written by a Cypriot who is strongly pro-Grivas and Makarios.
Grivas and the Story of EOKA by Wilfred Byford-Jones (London. Robert
Hale, 1959) is strongly anti-Grivas and is designed to correct any
unfavorable impressions of British actions in Cyprus and the role of
the British soldiers there. However, these two books are not as useful
as the others listed.
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GREECE
21. CHAMBERLIN, Colonel William C., USMC., and John Dorsey Tams
Rebellion: The Rise And Fall Of The Greek Communist Party
[Washington: Foreign Service Institute, Department of State], 1963
487 p. Mimeographed text. Maps.
Appendices. Bibliography.
A Term Paper for the Fifth Senior Seminar in Foreign Policy for
the Foreign Service Institute of the Department of State
Tams is a U. S. Foreign Service Officer with experience in Greece.
Col. Chamberlin is presently assigned to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This
study was completed while both were students at the Foreign Service
Institute. It is based in part on the writings of the Greek Communist
Party and in part on the archives of the United States Military Mission
to Greece. The largest part of the study is devoted to the Greek com-
munist insurgency of 1946-49. The political and military aspects of
the insurgency are detailed, together with the counterinsurgent actions
of the Greek Government. The role of American economic and mili-
tary aid to the Greek Government is described, as well as the assistance
afforded the insurgents by neighboring communist countries. The role
of the Greek communist units in World War II resistance is also
assessed, particularly in the light of their 1944-45 activities which
were the earliest stages of the 1946 insurgency.
22. CHANDLER, Geoffrey
The Divided Land: An Anglo-Greek Tragedy
London: Macmillan & Co. , 1959
214 p. Illus. Maps.
Chandler was a member of the British Political Warfare Executive
in Cairo in World War II and in 1944 served in Greece as a member of
the British Mission to the Greek Guerrillas. He also served in the
British Embassy in Athens. He subsequently returned to Greece as a
correspondent for The Economist and his tours there included observa-
tion of the Greek insurgency of 1946-49. This book not only covers the
latter period, but also examines the earlier attempts of the Greek com-
munist guerrilla forces to seize control of Greece in 1944-45. The book
is written more from the political view of the insurgency than from the
purely military, and lends more emphasis to the British military
assistance to the Greek Government than to the American role,
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~3. UNITED NATIONS. GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Special Committee on the
Problem of Hungary
Report Of The Special Committee On The Problem Of`Hungary.
General Assembly Official Records: Eleventh Session. Supplement
No. 18 ("A/3592).
New York: 1957
148 p. Maps. Index.
Annex, containing a list of documentation relating to the problem
of Hungary.
The Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary was established
by the General Assembly of the United Nations to provide the U. N. with
the fullest information regarding the Hungarian uprising of 1956 and its
suppression through Soviet armed intervention. This Report gives
detailed accounts of the insurgency drawn from testimony and documents
given by some of the insurgent leaders and participants. It also details
the counterinsurgency actions taken by the Soviets and the puppet
Hungarian government. A condensation of this Report is published
under title of Anatomy of Revolution (Washington: Public Affairs
.Press, 1957).
For the official Hungarian government version of the insurgency
see: The Counter-Revolutionary Forces in the October Events in
Hungary, published in four volumes by the Information Bureau of the
Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic, 1957. A
fifth volume, entitled'The Counter-Revolutionary Conspiracy of Imre
Nagy and his Accomplices, was published in 1958. A Soviet view of
the insurgency is set forth in The Truth about Hungary by A. Belokon
(Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1957).
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24. ZINNER, Paul E.
Revolution in Hungary
New York: Columbia University Press, 1962
380 p. Index.
Foreword by Henry L. Roberts, Director, Columbia University
Research Project on Hungary. Bibliographical f ootnotes.
Bibliographical Note.
Zinner was a member of the staff of the Program of East Central
Europe at Columbia University and traveled abroad for its Research
Project on Hungary. He is an Associate Professor of Political Science
at the University of California and has published considerable material
in the field of foreign relations. This book first discusses the post-
World War II. seizure of power by the communists, in Hungary and the
background which led to the Hungarian insurgency of 1956. A major
part is then devoted to this insurgency and its `defeat by the puppet
Hungarian government with the help of Soviet military intervention,
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?5. BEGIN, Menachem
The Revolt : Story Of The Irgun
New York: Henry Schuman, 1951
386 p. Index.
Editor's Preface by Dr. Joseph B. Schechtman. Translated from
the original Hebrew by Mr. Shmuel Katz. Mr. Ivan M. Greenberg
worked with Mr. Katz editing the English text and making the neces-
sary condensations. He and Dr. Schechtman supplied the explanatory
notes.
Begin is a Polish Jew and militant Zionist who led the paramilitary
underground group, Irgun Zvai Leumi, against the British rule in
Palestine on behalf of the creation of the State of Israel. The book is
an account of the attitudes and operations of the Irgun Zvai L.eumi, and
it contains illuminating passages on deception, security, intelligence
and counterintelligence in this insurgency.
26. WILSON, Major R. Dare
Cordon and Search: With 6th Airborne Division in Palestine
Aldershot, England: Gale & Polden, 1949
273 p. Illus. Maps. Plans.
Foreword by Major General Sir Hugh Stockwell, Commander, 6th
Airborne Division. Appendices, largely containing statistical
information regarding the Division; also including a Diary of
Events, 1945-48.
Major Wilson served on the Headquarters Staff of the 6th Airborne
Division during these last years of the British`Mandate in Palestine.
The book is a chronological account of the counterinsurgent activities
of the Division, 1945-48, and includes analytical comment on the. mili-
tary and political environment of the Israeli insurgency against the
British.
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INDOCHINA
27. THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. SPECIAL OPERATIONS RESEARCH OFFICE
Case Studies in Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare: Vietnam 1941-1954
Washington: The American University, Special Operations
Research Office, 1964
156 p. Illus. Maps. Index.
Foreword by Theodore R. Vallance, Director, Special Operations
Research Office. Technical Appendix, containing the conceptual
frame of reference and summary of procedures for the study.
Bibliographical footnotes. Bibliographies.
This volume is one of a series of studies prepared by SORO under
contract with the Department of the Army. It was prepared from
unclassified sources, and for the most part secondary sources were
used. This book deals with the insurgency against the French rather
than the current North Vietnamese directed civil war in South Vietnam.
The book discusses the struggle of the Indochinese guerrillas with the
French regular forces. It gives historical background for this dissi-
dence, the factors on which it fed, and the input of communist ideology
into the Vietminh. It then describes the organization and techniques
of the movement. Basically, this is not a study of strategy and tactics;
rather it concentrates on the character and dynamics of the insurgent
movement in order to give a base for the development of policies and
operations to counter similar situations.
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28. FALL, Bernard B.
Street Without Joy: Insurgency in Indochina, 1946-63
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company, 1963 (Third
Revised Edition)
379 p. Illus.. Maps. Map end papers. Charts. Index.
Foreword by Marshall Andrews. Appendices, containing a glossary
of abbreviations, a table ,of comparative French and U. S. losses in
Indochina and Korea, and a: military bibliography of Indochina.
Dr. Fall served in the French underground in World War IL He
covered the French war in Indochina, wrote part of his doctoral thesis
at Syracuse University on this topic, and has continued to visit and
write on Southeast Asia. He is a Professor of International Relations
at Howard University, Washington, D. C. The first issuance of Street
Without Joy (1961) covered the defeat of the French forces by the Indo-
chinese insurgents (1946-54). The present edition has been expanded to
include the current insurgency and counterinsurgency in Vietnam and
the American role there. A revised fourth edition has been announced
for publication in November 1964. Dr. Fall knows a great deal about
the area but is a French national by origin. Consequently, his views
reflect a French perspective which the reader should bear in mind when
considering his interpretation of Indochinese affairs.
For the history and background of what are now North and South
Vietnam from the earliest times to the present, see: The Two Viet-Nams:
A Political and Military Analysis by Bernard Fall (New York: Frederick A.
Praeger, 1963). This book includes material on the early rise of Ho Chi
Minh and communism in the north, the insurgency leading to the ouster
of the French, and the rise of insurgency and counterinsurgency in South
Vietnam, ending with the Buddhist uprising in the summer of 1963. The
same caveat about Dr. Fall's outlook noted in the entry on Street Without
_joy also applies here.
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29, HAMMER, Ellen Joy
The Struggle For Indochina
Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1954
342 p. Maps. Index.
Note by William L. Holland, Secretary-General of the Institute
of Pacific Relations. Preface by Rupert Emerson, Professor
of Government, Harvard University. Selected Bibliography.
Published under the auspices of the Institute of Pacific Relations.
A forty-page pamphlet by Dr. Hammer entitled The Struggle for
Indochina Continues: Geneva to Bandung (Stanford. Stanford
University Press, 1955) has been published as an addendum to
The Struggle For Indochina.
This book describes the history of Indochina from the beginning of
World War II to the convoking of the Geneva Conference of 1954 follow-
ing the defeat of the French. It discusses the interaction of political
and military developments in the insurgency and the French counter-
insurgency efforts. The interrelations of the French, Emperor Bao
Dai and Vietminh elements during this period, as well as the separatist
aspects of Laos and Cambodia, are also included. The slant of the book
is anti-French, anti-colonial, and pro-Vietnamese.
Another useful book, covering the period in Indochina from World
War II through the aftermath of the Geneva Conference and the year
1955, is The Emancipation of French Indochina by Donald Lancaster
(London. Oxford University Press, 1961) published under the auspices
of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. Lancaster served on
the staff of the British Legation in Saigon, 1950-54. The main portion
of the book deals with the insurgency against the French and the French
counterinsurgent effort. The author stresses the interaction of the
political on the military, and views armed conflict as only one aspect
of the insurgency problem. This book is written from a more impartial
viewpoint than Dr. Hammer's and gives recognition to the odds against
which the French were fighting. Lancaster's book provides a particu-
larly good summary of political developments in Indochina during and
immediately after World War II. These set the stage for initial com-
munist successes in the early 1950's and constitute essential background
for an understanding of subsequent communist political action there.
19
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30. TANHAM, George Kilpatrick
Communist Revolutionary Warfare: The Vietminh in Indochina
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1961
166 p. Map.
Selected Bibliography.
The author is the assistant to the President of the Rand Corporation,
and the original classified version of this book was published as a Research
Memorandum for an Air Force-RAND project. Tanham has had extensive
access to French Army records on the war in Indochina and has visited
Indochina. Communist Revolutionary Warfare is a scholarly, detailed
examination of Vietminh organization and methods in insurgency against
the French, 1946-54, together with some material on the French counter-
insurgent reaction. The book includes sections on Vietminh guerrilla
doctrine, personnel, logistics, operations and tactics, as well as some
interesting passages on Vietminh intelligence and reconnaissance. Chapter
VI on JaQ t r,~? St Ce Military Dever opments is written by Anne M. Jonas
of the Rand Corporation's Social Science Department.
31. VO, General Nguyen Giap
People's War, People's Army: The Viet Cong Insurrection Manual for
Underdeveloped Countries
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1962
217 p. Illus. Maps.
Foreword by Roger Hilsman. Vo Nguyen Giap--Man and Myth by
Bernard B. Fall. Appendix.
This is a facsimile edition of General Giap's book, (with added
prefatory material), which was originally published by the Foreign
Languages Publishing House, Hanoi, 1961.
General Giap is the leading military figure in North Vietnam,
Commander of the Vietnam People's Army, Minister of Defense, Vice
Premier, and a member of the Politburo. A leader of the insurgency
against the French in Indochina', he did much in developing the guerrilla
tactics which led to ultimate victory there. This book is in large mea-
sure a political and propaganda tract, including emphasis on the
political guidelines for enlisting popular support for insurgent action.
It also analyzes the military aspects of the successful insurgency against
the French in Indochina and French failures' in counterinsurgency there.
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For an early version of Vietminh insurgency theory and tactics
against the French (and writings on which General Giap relied),) see:
Primer for Revolt: The Communist Takeover in Viet-Nam by Truong
Chinh (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1963). Truong was formerly
Secretary-General of the Vietnamese Communist Party, formerly Vice
Premier of North Vietnam, is still a powerful member of its Politburo
and is probably the leader of the "pro-Chinese" faction of the North
Vietnamese Communist Party. This book reproduces two of Truong's
pamphlets, The August Revolution (originally published in 1946) and
The Resistance Will Win (originally published in 1947).
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INDONESIA
32. NASUTION, General Abdul Haris
Fundamentals of Guerilla Warfare And the Indonesian Defence System
Past and Present
Djakarta: Indonesian Army Information Service In. d.
3 24 p. Illus. Charts.
General Nasution was a leader in the Indonesian struggle for inde-
pendence and is both Chief of Staff of the Armed Services and Deputy
First Minister for Defense and National Security. He has been con-
sidered a moderating influence on the attempts of the communists to
take over ,both the Indonesian Army and the Government itself, and
has been -a leader in combatting communist subversion. This is a
translation of Nasution's work Pokok 2 Gerilja, originally published in
Djakarta in 1954. In his preface, the author states that this work is
just an introduction to the book Indonesia's War of Independence, on
which he has been working. His purpose is to set forth information
on Indonesian development of guerrilla warfare in its own struggle for
independence from the Dutch (1947 -49), as well as tactics which must
be used to combat rebel movements within the country or aggression
from without. This book is detailed and somewhat repetitious. A
large part of it is devoted to the text of instructions on organization
and methods for Indonesian guerrilla use during the fighting against
the Dutch.
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33. HENNIKER, Brigadier Mark Chandos Auberon
Red Shadow Over Malaya
Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1955
302 p. Illus. Maps. Charts. Diagrams.
Foreword by Field-Marshal Sir John Harding.
Brigadier Henniker commanded a brigade in Malaya, where he
served in 1951-55. This book describes the British anti-guerrilla
actions against the communist guerrillas in Malaya, together with the
many problems encountered there. Staff organization, small unit
actions, and terrorist operations are all described. The success of
these counterinsurgent operations (as well as similar ones in Kenya)
seem to justify the tactics adopted in this kind of situation.
34. MIERS, Brigadier Richard C. H.
Shoot To Kill
London: Faber and Faber, 1959
216 p. Illus. Map. Index.
Foreword by General Sir Francis Festing, Chief of the Imperial
General Staff
Brigadier Miers is a regular British Army Officer who commanded
the 1st Battalion of the South Wales Borderers against the communist
guerrillas in Malaya. The book is a readable and interesting study of
Malayan communist insurgent activities as well as the British counter-
insurgent tactics utilized in defeating the insurgency.
For a useful journalistic account of the British counterinsurgency
campaign in Malaya, including a description of the origins of the 'Malayan
Communist Party, its insurrection in 1948 and subsequent insurgency, see:
The Communist Menace in Malaya by Harry Miller (New York: Frederick A.
Praeger, 1954). Miller was for five years the chief correspondent. of
the Singapore Straits Times in Malaya. An interesting book describing the
counterinsurgency role of the Malaya Police Force by a member of that
force is Spearhead in Malaya by J. W. G. Moran (London: Peter Davies, 1961).
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3-5, BACLAGON, Colonel Uldarico S. , Infantry (Ret. ), Armed Forces of the
Philippines
Lessons from The Huk Campaign In the Philippines
Manila: M. Colcol & Company, 1960
27 2 p. Illus. Maps.
Foreword by Ilejo S. Santos, Secretary of National Defense,
Republic of the Philippines. Introduction by Major-General
Pelagio A. Cruz, Vice Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the
Philippines. Appendices, including a brief history of the com-
munist movement in the Philippines and information on local
communists and Huk leaders.
This book was originally published for instructional purposes,
under the same title, at the Infantry School at Fort Wm. McKinley
in the Philippines, 1956.
Col. Baclagon was formerly Professor of Military Art,and Head,
Department of Social Sciences, Philippine Military Academy and was
former Commandant of the Infantry School, Philippine Army. He was
also Professor of History of Russia and Southeast Asia at the Far
Eastern University. He is the author of several books on military
campaigns and tactics, largely in the Philippines. This book is the
result of the combined efforts of the members of the faculty of the
Infantry School of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, who undertook
a reexamination of the Huk Campaign. The student officers at the
school provided many of the analyses and theses which went into the
writing of the book. All were vetera~r.s of operations against the Huks
during the Anti-Dissident Campaign. Lessons from the Huk Campaign
in the Philippines devotes a chapter to each of the twelve major lessons
learned from the Campaign. The students felt that the most important
lesson they learned was the value of good and timely intelligence. Other
lessons described include Civilian Cooperation, Security, Deception,
Planning, and Training. A chapter is also devoted to Psychological
Warfare.
24
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36. VALERIANO, Colonel Napoleon D. and Lt. Colonel Charles T. R. Bohannan
Counterguerrilla Operations: The Philippine Experience
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1962
275 p. Charts.
The appendices contain material on patrol SOP for counterguerrilla
operations and a suggested special warfare battalion. A biblio-
graphy is contained in Appendix III.
Colonel Valeriano held active commands against the Huks during the
counterguerrilla operations in the Philippines, 1946-1953. Colonel
Bohannan was JUSMAG advisor to the Armed Forces of the Philippines
on unconventional operations at critical phases of the campaign. Their
book is a readable and authoritative study of counterinsurgency opera-
tions against the Huks as well as including principles generally
applicable in this field. Of particular interest is the material on
intelligence activities against the Huks and proposals for intelligence
operations in future counterinsurgency programs.
For a personal account of the Huk view of the insurgency, see:
The Forest by William J. Pomeroy (New York: International
Publishers, 1963). Pomeroy, an American living in the Philippines,
and his Philippine wife joined the Huk field forces in 1950. He lived
and fought with them until captured by regular Philippine forces in
1952. This book gives interesting descriptions of Huk insurgency
tactics as well as describing the impact of the counterinsurgent
activities of the Philippine Government and its armed forces.
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WESTTRN
CUBA
37. THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. SPECIAL OPERATIONS RESEARCH OFFICE
Case Studies In Insurgency and Revolutionary Warfare: Cuba 1953-1959
Washington: The American University, Special Operations
Research Office, 1963
173 p. Illus. Map of Cuba. Index.
Foreword by Theodore R. Valiance, Director, Special Operations
Research Office. Technical Appendix, containing the conceptual
frame of reference and summary of procedures for the study.
This volume is one of a series of studies prepared by SORO under con-
tract with the Department of the Army. It was prepared from unclassified
sources, with heavy reliance on secondary sources. The book analyzes
the Cuban Revolution from the standpoint of the economic, social and politi-
cal factors inducing revolution. It then describes the organizations corn-
prizing the revolution and the techniques used to implement it by guerrilla
and insurgency tactics. Basically, this is not a study of strategy and
tactics; rather it concentrates on the character and dynamics of the insur-
gent movement in order to give a base for the development of policies and
operations to counter similar situations.
BAYO, Giroud, General Alberto
150 Questions For A Guerrilla
Boulder, Colorado: Panther Publications, 1963
86 p. Illus. Charts.
Originally published under title of: Ciento Cincuenta P_reguntas
a un Guerrillero. Havana: 1959
General Bayo has a long record of revolutionary intrigue in the
Caribbean area. Born in Cuba, he was raised and educated in Spain (except
for four years in New Orleans). He served with the Republican Air Force
during the Spanish Civil War, following which he returned to Latin America.
In 1955, Bayo began training guerrillas in Mexico for Fidel Castro, and
has been his main contribution to the Cuban revolutionary cause. Because
of his age, he did not take part in the actual fighting in Cuba, returning
there only after Castro's victory in 1959. Politically, Bayo is an extreme
leftist and possibly a long-time communist. This book, 150 Questions For
A Guerrilla, is a general manual in question and answer form, for the use
of Cuban guerrillas. It is quite sound, insofar as theory is concerned, for
those fighting in Cuba at the time of the revolution there.
26
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39. GUEVARA, Ernesto (Che)
Che Guevara On Guerrilla Warfare
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1961
85 p. Illus.
Introduction by Major Harries-Clichy Peterson, USMC Res. Trans-
lation prepared by the publisher, based on the U. S. Army translation
and from a condensation prepared by Major Peterson.
Guevara's book was originally published under title of: La Guerra
de Guerrillas. Havana: INRA, 1960.
Guevara was born in the Argentine. He joined Castro in Mexico and
landed with him in Cuba in 1956. He was one of Castro's principal guerrilla
leaders and was subsequently rewarded with high positions in the Castro
government of Cuba, where he is ranked immediately behind Fidel and
his brother Raoul. This book includes such subjects as guerrilla organi-
zation, administration, tactics and training. Special attention is given
to the guerrilla problems of the Cuban Revolution.
40, JOHNSON, Haynes Bonner with Manuel Artime, Jose Perez San Roman,
Eneido.Oliva and Enrique Ruiz-Williams
The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders' Story of Brigade 2506
New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1964
368 p. Illus. Map end papers, Maps, Index.
Publisher's Note. Author's Note by Johnson. Preface by the
Brigade leaders. Bibliographical Notes.
Johnson was Assistant City Editor of the Washington Star, from which
newspaper he took a leave of absence to write the story of the 1961 invasion
of Cuba, in conjunction with the four leaders of Brigade 2506, Johnson
interviewed many of the members of the Brigade, as well as other Cuban
exile sources and some members of official Washington who had knowledge
of the events. The kook covers the period from the start of the recruiting
for the Brigade until the return of the prisoners from Cuba, following the
successful negotiations for their release by James B. Donovan. The Bay
of Pigs is a useful book particularly in describing the insurgent training
and operations of the Brigade. However, the book is weak and sketchy
about the planning and execution of the operation from the U. S. viewpoint.
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2 November 1964
SUBJECT: Bibliography on Insurgency and Counterinsurgency
Since World War II
1. The following changes should be made in our bibliography on
Insurgency and Counterinsurgency Since World War II:
a. Item 19, p. 11. The last sentence of the annotation
should be deleted and a new sentence substituted as follows:
A revised edition of this book, with additional material,
has just been published under title of Legacy of Strife:
Cyprus from rebellion to Civil Var. (Harmondsworth,
Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1964).
b. Item 28, p. 18. The bibliographical data should be
deleted, and the following material substituted:
Street Without Joy
Harrisburg: The Stackpole Company, 1964
(Fourth revised edition)
408 p. Illus. Maps. Map end papers. Charts. Index.
Foreword by Marshall Andrews of the Research Analysis
Corporation in 6ashington. Appendices, containing a
Glossary of Abbreviations, a table of comparative French
and U.S. losses in Indochina and Korea, a 1963 Report on
Viet-Nam by Brig. Gen. Frank A. Osmanski, then J-4,
PvMACV, and a Military Bibliography of Indochina.
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- 2 -
The sentence of the annotation, commencing "The present edition... "
should be deleted and a new sentence inserted as follows:
The fourth edition has been expanded to include the
current insurgency and counterinsurgency in Vietnam
(as well as material on Laos) and the American role
there.
The sentence of the annotation reading "A revised fourth
edition has been announced for publication in November 1964. "
should be deleted altogether. The phrase "ending with the
Buddhist uprising in the summer of 1963. " which appears
in the second paragraph of the annotation should be deleted.
The comma after the word Vietnam in line 7 of that paragraph
should be deleted, and a period inserted.
c. Item 40, p. Z7. In the names of the authors of this book
there is a typographical error. Oliva's first name should be
spelled Erneido. Please insert the "r".
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