II THE ROUND EARTH ON FLAT PAPER

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03362A000700020004-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 7, 1998
• Sequence Number: 4
• Content Type: AG

Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03362A000700020004-6
II The Round Earth on Flat Paper F 5 .:-nutes
I-n too. at,or 7resf xiaW /.'!49 .4
A. Scale
1. The importance of scale
a. Controls amount of detail shown on maps.
b. Determines size of the sleet.
c. influences the choice of projection to use.
2. Representative Fraction - IMF.
3. Large, medium, and small scales.
B. Introduction to map projections
1. T -a,ny different projections
S~~ceG. 1'7~71rl~lny
2, 'Pp,.-e problem of flattening out the globe's surface.
3. Characteristics of maps.
a. Orthomorphic - conforms to true shape
At .9 yPol-nt ae&I K is t r'u v hall d ire
b. Bf e'- 'St.
ri$4t a,. Ie
pistor't'rd serape- ?
c. Azimuthal - all radial d`stances true
O~! or d is is +-s a ~s a xpa stare
L.. '(.' h.ree met ods of drawing maps -- ~e4Qrs,p d f/vc
a. Orthographic - viewed from infinite distance
-Ln of moon's surface
11.
Great circles are straight lines. Star nap.
b. Stereographic - viewed from opposite surface
Scale true at outer edge.
Curved ,pars//e/3 f- eerWisw
c. Gnomonic - viewed from center of globe.
eee'
Examples of roan projections
a. ~ ercator - all compass cirections true. straighi rhai%b -ine3
Straiht meridians s parallels
-reat distortation at high latitudes
164
Transverse Mercator - follows g7reat cia_ cle
_,,- uses only best part of Mercator, eliminating d'~ st.orted part.
,' Hard t.o construct rood f'r' ro,u1e -*+e*s.
~? ~.,,~ d~urnb/ 1 ' ~a.e s are not straight C .tried peg ra /e,'.3 f t e"'>c i'~ts+.
gfiG GC> GaD4 rDr- /arir? ' ' eI. See ilea X11; (:rs v" :-i~ S
d t c . Polyconic - accurate for large sc e ma, . ?
J:rd. ko construct
~
Curved para.'.lels and meridians
Good for nol3bh-south areas
Scale true on central meridian and all parallels
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03362A000700020004-6
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03362A000700020004-6
.. Transverse nnolyconic - turned 9Q0
Follows e. great circle
Good 'or eas'i -west area
Curved paralels and meridians
e , Lambert conforTnal conic -
Good or mid-latitudes
Two standa:rd parallels 0w4-1
N eridians straight lines - paxallelsares of con_ceatri.c c
N,-Neridians and parallels intersect at 900
'T'rue azimuths at every point
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03362A000700020004-6
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03362A000700020004-6
1 I
.;lap Reading
65 minutes
A. `ilae marginal legend
1. flan identific: Lion
a.Sheet name
b. Sheet number
c. Series name
d. Series number
e. Scale
2.
Sy- bol legend
3.
'Pow to use bar scale
(demonstrate how to mark edge of pap .1
4.
Credit note (point out it may indicate reliability;
5.
Coverage diagram (V-is may also indicate reliability)
6.
Index to sheets (gives sheet names and numbers of a joi7 _ng sheet
7.
Index to boundaries
Other mar sinal in:f_`or_na tion
{contour interval note
nro(_c tion
military grid information
declination note or diagram
1i. Film - #9112 flap heading - Lritish Symbols _ '. nunute 3
1. Brit; sh symbols are some different from U.S. s4,mbols.
Conventional sites or symbols
Interpolation of contours
?uestions on filrm.
C. Film - #A9107 Map i eac ing
L 1. 1=Leview how to read geographic coordinates
2. Review how to read Military grid coordinates
3. Type s of maDistance
5. Direction
6. Coordinates
a. ?olar coordinates
b. Geographic coordinates
c. Military Grid coordinates
D. ''lace names and gazetteers
1. NIS Gazetteer
2. Atlas gazetteers
3. Other special gazetteers based on map series.
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03362A000700020004-6