FOREIGN DOCUMENTS DIVISION TRANSLATION SOVIET NAVIGATION RADAR STATION 'NEPTUN' (PART II)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 129
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 19, 1999
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: February 28, 1955
• Content Type: TRANS

FDD
F9LE
COPY
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONA
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS DIVISION
TRANSLATION
SOVIET NAVIGATION RADAR STATION "NEPTITN" (PART II)
DOCUMENT CJO
.
NO CHANGE iN CLASS.
^
--'
! ~ ULCLAS51f~lED
CLAv,;, CHANGED TO:
T5 S C
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NEXT ftE~'tELV BATE: _
AUTF?i; hif~ 7
GATE; ~ ~ _~ _... Fic:.Vi~4'irfi: C`3? 1 fig
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
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THIS MATERIAL CONTAINS iNFORMATiON AFFECTING THE NAT ION AL .DEFENSE
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18, USC, SECS. 793 AND,794, THE TRANSMISSION OR REVELATION OF WHICH
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25X1 C
Number 352
2$-Feb 1955
SOVIET NAVIGATION RADAR STATION "NE~'TUN"_(PART II}
ST-1870
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
230 E Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
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State
5
Army
16
Navy
5
Air Force
11
AEC
1
NSA
7
~~
53
Total
g8
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S U M M A R Y O F C O N T E N T S
Soviet Na,vi~ation Radar Station "Neptun" (Part II)
This report describes the Soviet navigation radar sta-
tion "Neptun" and supplements the information contained in
FDD Translation 3~+6e
The report contains-the complete text of -the Russian-
language description entitled Opisanive Radiolokatsionnoy
Navigatsionr~oy Stantsii "Neptun" (Description of Navigation
Radar Station "Neptun"), 33,650,007-TO1 [Copy No 81+73], and.
the appendixesfl Po~asnitel'nyye Illyustratsii k Tekhnichea-
komu_OpisaniVU Radiolokatsionnoy Stantsii "Neptun" (Explana-
tory Illustrations. for Technical Description of Navigation
Radar Station "Neptun"), 33,50,007-T02, Copy No 81+7;
Al'bom Photo~rafiy k Tekhnicheskomu Opisan ~y u Radiolokatsio=
nnoy Naviga.tsionnoy Stantsii "Ne_ptun" (Album of Photographs
for Technical Description of Navigation Radar Station "'Nep-
tun"), 33,650,007-AF, Copy No 81~+7y and schematic diagrams of
station "Neptun'" o
All tables and illustrations in the source have .been
reprad.uced in the text<
-Pages 1 through 118
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SOVIET NAVIGATION RADAR STATION "NEPTUN" (PART II)
.TABLE OF CONTENTS
Conventional Symbols in the Text
I. General Information on the Station
A. Purpose
B. Composition ana Disposition of the Station
C. Brief Technical Data.on the Station
IT. Description of the Operation of the Station as a Whole
A. Purpose and Composition of the Blocks of the Station
B. Principles of Operation of the Station -
III. Main Indicator (Block "I")
18
A.
$.
C.
Basic Technical Data and Description of the Operation
of the Block
Detailed Description of the Units Which Make Up
Block "I"
Description of the Construction of Block "I"
18
20
~+9
zV. Receiver-Transmitter (Block."P"}
50
A.
Function and Principle of Operation
50
B.
Detailed Description of Units Composing Block "P"
50
C .
Echo-Box ~
6~+
D.
Description of Block "P" as a Whole
66
V. Antenna-Waveguide Assembly (Block "A")
~67
A.
Function and Make-Up of the Block
67
B.
Detailed Description of the Units Comprising Block '"A"
67
C.
Description of the Construction of Block "A"
69
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P~~
VI.
Remote Indicator (Block "V")
7a
A.
Function and. Principles of Operation of the Block ~`
7O
B.
C.
Detailed Description of the Units Camposing
Block "V" '
Description of the Construction of Block."V"
70
77
VII.
Heater-Connection Block (Block "B") and. Telephone
Communication
7g
A.
Heater-Connection Block (Black "B")
7g
B.
Telephone Communication
79
VIII. Control-Measuring Apparatus
Appendix I. Explanatory Illustrations for Technical
Description of Navigation Radar Station "Neptun" 80
Appendix II. Album of Photographs for Technical De- .
scription of Navigation Radar Statian "Neptun"
Appendix III. Schematic Diagrams of Station "Neptun"
Errata in Soviet Navigation Radar Station "Ner~tun" (Part I)
(FDD Translation 3~+6):
1. For "Usileniye po 60" [Gain by 6O] read '"Usileniye po B.O.
[Gain for Nearby Objects].
2. For "Otr. Imp. i Metki" [Pulse and Mark Regulation], read.
"Otr. Imp. i Metki" [Reflected Pulses and Marks].
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E~ci~l~anations for the Use of Block and Schematic Diagrams
1. Each block of tYYe station is designated by a'letter; -units
~rYaiciz make up the blacks are designated by the letter of the block
in which the unit is located and a number signifying the number of
the unit within its block.
Table of Designations
a. Units in the .~1ain Indicator (Black "I" )
I-1 Frequency generator
I-~ E~igh?-frequency rejection filter
I-3 Movable range circle pulse-forming unit
I-~ `T'rigger pulse-farming unit
I-j SWe'Ep L1Yllt
I-~ IY~dica.?~.ar cathode-ray tube unit
I-7 Main intermediate-frequency amplifier
I-8 Fawer-supply unit
T?~, Can-i~ of panel
I-1C Ila.dicator scale mechanism
I-11 CYlec~c panel
I-12 Video Ynixer
I-l~. Selsyn unit
I-la ~uadrature circuit
I-16 Ran~;e finder
L-17 Delay line
b. Units in the Receiver-Transmitter (Block "P")
F-2 S~~pprhigh-frequency unit
F-3 Inl.ermediate-frequency preamplifier
F-~ hutomatic frequency-control unit
F-5 Magnetron oscillator
F-6 Modulator with pulse-forming lines
F-7 High-voltage rectifier
Y-8 Modulator power-supply unit
c. Units in the Remote Indicator (Black
V-1, V-2, V-3 Sweep pulse amplifiers
V-~ Cathode-ray tube unit
V-5 Video amplifier
V-~ Control panel
V-7 Check panel
V-8 Fower-supply unit
V-9 Delay line
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d. Units in the Antenna-Waveguide Assembly (Block "A")
A-1 Antenna-wavegui.de assembly
A-2 Antenna drive
e ? _ Antenna D:i:'ive Heater-Connection Block (Block "B" )
2. Circ~~.:i.t components are designated by th.e following letters:
ube= L.
Resistor R
Ca.pae,:itor C
Se . ~'- induction:; coil L
`I'ran.~i' rmer T
C hake Dr
R?lay RE
Neasur?7.ng ins:>i;.ru.,,,-f,
Corr?ponent (switch,
~;oc'~et,: contact plug,
etC.) ~
Cable Y_~~oxes, i`eeder E
", _z1~~les K
3. Each c~r;~}:ponent of the cis?~ur.rit, is~ given a designation which
'includes the char-ucter? oE' the corr~~;;.~r~en.t, its order number in the units,
ar;c: ':?~.: ~E;~ignation of the un.-i_t in the block. For example, the desig-
riat..i~--~. ~"--:~;-15 indicates th.e cal~ac:i.tor in the ~-position of the sweep
rzrti c ~_r~ t~.~ main indicator,
~; . The system of desi.gnati ons fo~? terminals is as follows:
a, Each voltage or circuit is given a number which is marked
at the terminals.
b, The terminals of di.ffe;rent units which carry the same voltage
and belong to the same circuit are designated by the same number.
c. The terrn.inals on plugs of units in each block which are
designed for connections between tyre blocks are r~.umbered independently.
Terminals an the output plugs of units a.nd blocks, to which
are connected circuits common to other blocks, have a common conductor
numeration for the whole station.
5. Shown on the general diagram for each block are the cables
which connect that bloc]i to the otYrer blocks of the station.
Interblock cable connections-are shown on the connection dia-
grams of the station "Neptun" (Sketches 33;65o,oa7-SS 1, 2, 3), on
which each cable is given its own number,
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I. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE STATION
E1. Purp?se
The "Neptun" navigation radar station gives e, picture of the
wa.'~er-surface navigation conditions .surrounding a ship in order. to
a~l],o~r it- to ,sail close to banks in confined waters and along pro-
tected channels, independent of conditions of visibility.
The station guarantees the possibility of entering and leaving
,port, identifying the shore, and preventing collision with surface
obstacles and ships encountered.
The station is recommended f'qr installation on various.. ships of
not less than ~0? tons displacement.
~3. Composition and Disposition of the .Station
1. Cotnpositian of the Station
The station consists of the following-separate blocks:
a. Main indicator (Block "I")
b. Receiver-transmitter with echo-box (131ock "P")
c. Remote indicator (Block "V")
d, Antenna-waveguide assembly (Block "A")
e. Heater connect~.on block (Block "B")
f. Converters f'or changing the ship's line voltage (ac or dc)
into. 23O-v,.~+2'7-cycle ac current and starting-regulating apparatus
In addition, the station includes-the following:
a. ZIP [Stock of measux?ing instruments including control-?
measuz:ing apparatus,
b, Dehydrator
c, Auxiliary equipment (telephone-communication boxes,
function boxes):
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The dimensions, weight, and heat dissipation of each of the
principal instruments of the "Ne;~tun" station are given in the following
tab 1e
Number
Name of
Instrument
Dimensions.
(rrnm)
Weight
(~~g}
Heat Dissipation
(kw)
1
Main indicator
540x7~'lxl, lE20
253
0.60
~
)~;eceiver-transmitter
576x560x930
11.5
0.54
3 .
Echo-box
150x]_60x560
7.0
--
4
Remote :i.ndicata.r
lE20x;i33x1, 345
1l~0 +
5
0.40
5
Antenna-waveguide
assembly
1,610x940x1,010
110
--
6
Fleater connectian
block
266x1.43x222
5
--
7
Power-supply units
PR-3
~lox~95x~;GS
240 1.7
or PR-l~-
355x740xlE05
170 1.7
or PR-1_
360x9l~0xl+05
145 1.3 -
or PR-2
282x680x335
110 1.3
8
Starting-regulating
apparatus
(a) Ma?;netic two-
~.
circuit starter
6lEsx23?x500
or
48 --
645x(1~0)x5o0
4c~ __ -
(b) Remote starting
buttons
213x130x275
5
(c) Cornpensatian
and. regulation
block
425x215x405
28
9
Dehydrator
400x230x400
2()
10
ZIP I and ZIP II
connecting ZIP
[Stack of measuring
instruments] to the
units
about
117
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3. Disposition of the Station on the Ship
The disposition of the instruments on the ship should be .such
as to assu.rP ::~~ravenient access when assembling them during installation
and when ;1 v;,wi.ng them out o:w' their housings for inspection or repair.
The places where the principal blocks of the station are
installed must be provided with. ventilation sufficient to guarantee
normal.roora temperature regardless of the heat dissipated by the blocks
of the station. In order to carry o~'f heat generated inside a block~~
there-must be air spaces between the walls of the block and nearby
items of ship's equipment. -
In spacing; the blocks it is necessary to provide that the
distance from the deck to gaskets"or cable inputs will be such that
the radius of curvature'of the cables wihl be adequate to allow for
sufficient shock-absorption movement of the blocks.
_ ~'he route where the waveguide and feeders are laid should be
px?ot~cted from mechanical damage. Sections of the-route which may
be subjected to heat should be provided with heat insulation.
All instruments should be so placed as to make them the most.
convenient to operate .
..[Comment: A hiatus occurs in the text at this point.],
... general considerations .., in view when installing the station.
?N~ptur, .,,
..posts:
-.The apparatus of the station should be installed at the following
a. In-.the wheelhouse
The main indicator
The heater connection block (block "I3")
Remote starting knob
Control block for the power-supply unit
ZIP [stock of measuring instruments], first. line..
b. ri'Yie receiver-transmitter is installed at a location
deter}nined by the type of ship and the conditions governing the location
of equipment on it.
c. The remote indicator is located on the. captain's bridge.
d. The antenna-waveguide assembly is located on the foremast or
on, & special tripod.
e. The following are located as a group in a common area as
c7,ose as possible to the station:
(1) Power-supply unit with its two-circuit magnetic starter
(2) Regulation and compensation block-
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f. The dehydrator i_s Located in direct proximity to the
receiver-transmitter.
g. The telephone communication boxes for telephone communi-
cation between the posts are placed where the se~~arate blocks are
located and in df.rect proximity to them.
h. Th.e junction box .for connection with the telephon~~truiik
line can be located in any dry place which is.corwenient for wiring
between the blocks of the station.
i. The ZIP [stock of'rneasuring instruments], second line, can
be located in any dry, heated place,
~+. Location of th.e p~fain Ind.:~.cato-r (Block ":C" )
The main indicator is 5nstalled 1.n the wheelhouse in direct
praximi.~ty to tree chap?t table, The face panel must face the chart,
If there Is a ma netic compass in the wheelhouse, the indicator should
be ire.; tilled not less than vne mete=r _fr. om it.
There should n.ot be strong; sources of light near the indicator,
s3.nce t~i.s wi..ll. obstruct the work oi'- the operator. The indicator should
be so 1or.,ated that all its controls are accessible and the PPI screen
ce~,~ be ~rieNred conven:.en.tly. In addition; provision should be made for
drawing the indicato~? out of its housing to allotia for inspection,
replacement of tines, or repairs. = .~?
5. IABLE TG~ FOREIGFI NATIOT~AIS
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7. Disposition of the Antenna-Waveguide Assembly {Block"A")
So that the station will have as small a "dead zone" as possible,
the ar_tenna should be installed not more than 12-1.5 meters. above sea level.
If the antenna is set higher, this "dead zone" will increase. It is
desirable to install the antenna not on a-mast, but. an some part of the
.ship's superstructure or an a special base.
In order to insure as complete as possible a circle of sweep,
there should be no screening objects. ahead or abeam of the antenna on
the-same level with it. It is also desirable that objects located
astern be at a sufficient distance from the antenna.
When the antenna beam is directed parallel to the diametral
plane. of the ship, the :index of the antenna scale should indicate zero.
In selecting the place to install the antenna assembly, care
should be tal~en that hat gases from the funnel (or any other place) do
not fall on the assembly.
Convenient access to the antenna should be provided so that
necessary adjustments can be performed durini; installation and periodic.
inspections can be carried out in the process of operation.
8. Diagram of Interblock Connections
Depending on the type of current in the power Line, the
station can have the ten arrangements listed below, whose interblock
casanection diagrams are presented in the following dx?awings:
33,65?,o?~(-SS1 (arrangements 1 and 2)
33;650,oo7=SS2 (arrangements 6 and 7)
33,650,007-SS3 (arrangements 3 ?~~+, 5, 8, 9, and 10)
.Fitting the power-supply unit to the station in accordance
with. the type of arran~nent is shown in the following table:
Arrangement
No
Type of Machine
Unit
Rated Voltage
at Input {vo.lts)
Type of Antenna
Rotation Motor
1
PR-3
220 do
SL-6618-
2
PF{-3
110 do
SL-66ZR
3
PR-~+
-380 ac
I 10~~+
~+
PR-~+
220 ac
I 10~~+
5
PR-~+
127 ac
I 10~~+
PR-1
220 do
SL-661
7
PR-1
110-dc
SL-661
8
PR-2
380 ac
I 10~~
;;
PR-2
220 ac
I 10~~
lp
PR-2
127 ac
I 10~~
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(See Album of Photographs for the Station "Neptun," photos 1,
2, 3, and ~+. )
The main indicator is the block which coordinates the processes
taking place in the whole station. The control elements for the whole
station are concentrated on the coxitrol panels of the main indicator.
Strictly as an indicator, it fulfills the following functions:
a. Provides a picture of surz?ounding conditions on the sur-
face of the water on the screen of the cathode-ra.y tube
b. Makes it possible for the mate to determine the distance
to objects on the surface of the water and the di..rection to them
The distance to any surface object can be measured with the
indicator. The accux?acy of measurement fluctuates within the limits
of 0.6 to 3;~, d.epending on the range scale on which the measurement is
p Er)?lJ x'x?lc d .
Thy direction to an object can also be measured, with an error
o:' the order o_" 2".
Ueterm:ination of the distance to an obse~i:?ved object is per-
forxued ti~ith the aid of the movable and fixed range circles, while the
dirc;ctioxi to the object is determined with the aid of the scales and
the rotating sight.
The indicator uses cathode-ray tube type 31LM32 with magnetic
deflection and facusir~ and prolon?;ed afterglow.
The image on the screen is formed by a F'PI sweep. in a polar
system oi: coordinates in which the origin coincides with the location
of the ship.
The indicator has four range scales for different distance
Accurate range ,calculat:ion is perfox?nled with the range finder
counter by matching the movable range circle with the image of the
abject. Uearings are c~xlculated on the scales of the indicator CRT
with the aid of the rotAELE TO FOREIGN N~~TIGT+TAIS
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2. Receiver-Transmitter
(See the Album of Photographs for the Station "Neptun," photos
13, lea, 15, 16, and 17. )
.The transmitter generates pulses of high-frequency energy with
a power of-the order of 30-35 kw in a pulse.
The pulse-repetition frequency is 2,700 and 675 times per second
for pulse durations. of 0,25 and 1, respectively, In all .cases the average
power generated. by the transmitter is approximately 25 watts. The trans-
mitter uses a magnetw:an of type N!I-201. Connected to the output of the
mgdulator is a tube type GMI-~33 (G-LE83), from whose plate 12,000-volt
pulses go to the magnetron.
The station has a receiver of the superheterodyne type with a
crystdl mixer and an i-f amplifier using 6Zh~E (6AS7) tubes.. The sensi-
tivity of the receiver relative to a tangential signal is not less than
1 x 10-11 watt. The tangential signal is a signal fed to the input of
'the receiver which shifts the amplitude of observed noises to a value
equal to their natural amplitude; the image obtained on an oscilloscope
.screen has the form. given in Figure 1 (see the Explanatory Illustrations
to the Description).
- The pass land of the receiver is equal to 6 Mc at the half
power pgint.Tho receiver has automatic and manual frequency tuning,
s,ui;o~~is,tic regulation of sensitivity according to distance, and a cir-
cuit far differentiating received signals. The automatic frequency
eantrol is a follower system with rapid oscillation and slow search
operating on thyratrons of type TG1-0.1 1.3 (TG-2050) and TG1-0.10.3
(TG-8$?~) and based on e7.ect~'ical tuning of the klystron frequency.
3. Remote Indicator
(See trje Album of Photographs for tYie Station "Neptun," photos
25,26, 27, and. 2B. )
The remote indicator reproduces on a smaller scale the image
obtained on the screen of the main indicator..
The remote indicator utilizes cathode-.ray tube type 18r,tyt35
with-magnetic deflection and focusing and prolonged afterglow. The
diameter of the screen is 175 mrn.
The remote indicator has the same sweep as the main indicator
and.the same range scales.
.Determination of distances to objects, and their bearings, on
the remote indicator. is performed by methods analogous to those used on
the main indicator.-
The image on the screen of the remote indicator is stabilized
simultaneously with that of the main indicator in respect to either the.
head of the ship or the meridian.
The remote indicator can be located at a distance from the main
indicator such that the length of cables connecting-them is up tc 50 meters..
-9-
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~F. Antenna-Waveguide Assembly
(See the Albuxa of Photographs for the Station "Neptun," photos
23 and 2~+, j
The antenna-waveguide assembly is desi-fined for radiation and
reception. of electx?omagnet~.c energy, as well as channelization of it
from the transmitter to the antenna, and from the antenna to the receiver,
The antenna assembly is a system consisting of a slot radiator and a
parabolic reflector rotating in a horizontal plane.
The reflector is an open parabolic cylinder the-size of whose
output aperture is 1,00 x x+'70 rrtrn and whose focal. length is 512 mm.
The antenna utilizes horizontal polarization. The angle of
directivity af' radiation in the horizontal plane is 1.6? at the
half=pa+,aer point. 'l.'1~e s;~an of l;b~~ -~Q ~~ation diagram in the vert-i_ca1
plane is 20" at the half--power point. The power' gain of the
antenna i^ approximately ?1,100-1,e'.C70 times that o' a nondirectional
radiator.
The antenna maintains cont;inuaus circular rotation in the
horizontal plane at a speed of 1~+ revolutions per minute.
Synchronous coupling of th.e antenna assembly with the main
indicator is accomplished. with the ai,d of "rotating" transformers, for
which. selsyns of type SCxS-1 and SDS-1 ax?e used.
5. Electric Power Supply
The station takes. its electric power supply from the ship's
network. The "Neptun" statian is designed for an ac power supply of
230 volts, x+27 cycles. Depending on the type of current and the vol-
tage of the ship's electric network, as well as a:n the power required
by the station, the .station receives its power supply from one of-the
following power-supply units:
a.
For do networks;
"PR-.3" or "PR-~+"
b.
For ac networks,
"PR-a+" or "PH-2"
The type of po;yrer-supply unit is selected by the ordering
authority or by the planning organization which plans the installation
and assembly of the station at its destination.
Power for the antenna-assembly drive is taken from the shi.p's
network, while the heater and dehydratox? circuits are supplied from
the lighting circuit or other current sources assuring a continuous
power supply. The heating elements can be connected to voltages of
110, 127, or 220 volts, ac or dc, which are accor~rr:odated by switches
within the blocks of the station.
S -E-C -:~,-E-T
NOT REI~~^-._'~:!1BLE TG I+OP.EIGN NATION~I
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved. For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-031A9A001700010006-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO I'OREIGN NATIONALS
Depending on the type of unit selected, the power requirements
oi' ~f;he station are:
a. For unit PR-3, 3.8 kw
b. For unit PR-~+, 3w8 kw .
c. For' unit PR-l, 2.8 kw
d. For unit PR-2, 2.8 kw
In addition, 0.5 kva are required from the ship's network to
supply the motoa; for. rotation of the antenna assembly, the dehydrator
'consumes 140 w, and. the station's heating elements draw 1200 w (300 w
-for .each block).
The power-supply unit allows for considerable fluctuation of
the chip's line voltage. It stabilizes the output voltage with an
accuracy to + 2ja.
Tb.e unit is provided with manual and automatic vol.~age regu-
TI. I11~~S('RIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF TI3E STATION AS A WiiOLE
A. k'ui~pose and Coir~osition of the Blocl~s of the Station
,--
The.block diagram of-the station given in drawing 33,650,007-SP
contains the block. diagrams of all the basic instruments of the station.
1. Main indicatar - "I"
2. Receiver-transmitter - "P"
3? Remote indicator - "V"
~+. Antenna-waveguide assembly - "A"
1, The main indicator, D1oc.k "T"~ contains-the following units:
a. Frequency generator I-1 -- a quartz oscillator and two
stages of sinusoidal dividers of the regenerative type.
b. Quadrature circuits I-15 -- L (phase-shifter stators),
C, and R circuit producing a ~0-degree phase shift of currents flowing
through the phase-shifter stators.
e. Range finder I-16, containing an assembly of three induc-
~tion-type .phase shifters.
d. Movable range circle-pulse-forming unit 2-3 -- circuit for
forming pulses from three sinusoidal voltages with amplifier. and blocking-
ascillator.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25 :CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEA,;ABLE~TO FOREIGN NATIOJVALS
e. Trigger pulse-farming unit I-~+ -- circuit for forming
z~ulces from three sinusoidal oscillations, phantastron divider, and
ymplifier.
f. Sweep unit I-5 -- generator of saw-Moth range-sweep
pulses, circui~.: for forming the balance wave, and generator of the
pulses which produce the-fixed range circles.
g. Cathode-.ray tube unit I-~ -- cathode-ray tube, type
31I~~32, with rnagxietic focusing and deflection sy;7tems.
h. Main i-f ampl_Cf iei? I-7 -- four-stage i-f amplifier,
second.detectox', anu. two-stage video-frequency amplifier.
i. Power-supply unit 1-3 -- ~+ electron-tube rectifiers for
the following;
(1) 3,.200 volts; .
(2) 300 volts stabilized and .550 volts;
(3) -30? volts stabilized and. -150 ?volts;.
(~+?) 300 volts and 150 volts, and selenium rectifier for
2 F~ vo 1 t:~ .
j, Control panel I-9 -- face panel of 'the indicator, on
which the whole control of th.e station i.:~ centralized..
k. .Check. panel I??11 -- lower panel of the indicator, on
which. instruments to check the ope:r?ation o' the station and fuses
are centralized..
1. Video mixesr unit I-12 =-five-tube c:Lrcuit designed to
mix the reflected. (z?eceived) signals with range-circle pulses and
the electronic course mark.
m. high-frequency rejection filter I-2 -- LC filter designed.
tp chop aff frequencies above B1. kc.
n. Indicator scale mechanis~rt I-10.
o. Selsyn unit I-1~+ -- ":rotating" transformer SDS-l, meridion-
ally stabilizing .the images on the indicator screens, mechanically
coupled with the receiving r~e7.syn from the gyrocompass.
p. Delay line I-lj -- artificial long :Line composed of C and. L.
2. The receiver-transmitter, Block "P", contains the following a.nits;
a. Superhigh-frequency unit P-2 -- crystal mixer with "trans-
mission" and "reception`' cavities and "surveilla~zce" and "stand-by"
klystrons.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN PdATIO.[~~LLS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25 :CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S -E - C -R_-E_-T .
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
b. I-f preamplifier P-3. -- i-f amplifier with circuits for.
automatic gain control in respect to range.
c. AFC unit P-~+ -- electronic follower system, with rapid
klystron frequency oscillation and slow search, operating on thyratrons
of ..types TG1-0.1/1.3 (TG-2050} and TG-0.1/0.3 (TG-884) and based on
electrical tuning of the klystron frequency.
d. Magnetron oscillator P-5.
e. Modulator P-5 -- blocking oscillator with pulse-forming line.
f. High-voltage rectif ier P-7, operating by a doubling circuit
and supplying a rectif ied voltage of 14,000 v to the output.
g. .Modulator power-supply unit P-8 -- electron-tube rectifiers
for -1,300 and 1,000 volts.
The remote indicator, Block "V'", eantains the following units:
a. Sweep pulse amplifiers V-1, V-2, and V-3 -- amplif iers with
high negative coupling in respect to the current of the deflection coils.
b. Cathode-ray tube unit V-~+ -- cathode-ray tube, type 18LM35,
with magnetic deflection system and magnetic focusing>
c. Amplifier-unit V-5 -- amplif ier of reflected (received).
pulses and range-circle pulses in conjunction with the electronic-course-
mark circuit and the intensifier-pulse amplif ier.
d. Power-supply unit V-8 -- electron-tube rectifiers for -150
vo7:ts, 3,700 volts, +550 volts and +300 volts.
e. Control panel V-6 -- outside front horizontal panel, on which
the main elements for controlling the remote indicator are centralized.
f. Chsck panel V-7 --,inner front vertical panel, containing
instruments for checking and fuses.
Constant delay line V-9 -- artificial long line composed of
4. .-The antenna-waveguide assembly,, Block "A", contains the following
units
a. Antenna-waveguide assembly A-l, consisting of the ref lector,
slot radiator, and capacitor trans itian..
b. Antenna drive A-2, including the antenna rotation motor
(motor SZ-561. is installed for do network voltages, motor 110/4 for
50..cycle.s,c), reduction gear, selsyn type SGS-l, and c?urse-mark contact.,
13
S_-E_-C-R_-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S -E -C -R -E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TC) ,FOREIGN NATIONALS
:B. Principles of Operation of the Station
The station as a whole operates in the following fashion.
The quartz oscillator of frequency generator I-1 in the main
indicator generates a sinusoidal voltage with a frE:queney of 80,905 cps.
The period of this frequency is equal to the time for Nlopagation of thE~
radiated pulse to a distance of one mile out and back.
In the frequency generator itself the 80,905-cps voltage is divided
successively by 5 and then by 5. Thus at the output of the frequency
generator these are stab7!e synchronous frequencies of 80,y05, 13,~+8~+ and.
2,687 cps. For simplicity the rounded-out values of these frequencies
(81 kc, 13.5 kc, and. 2.7 kc) will be used below.
The frequencies 2.7 and 13.5 kc (directly) and 81 kc (through high-
frequency rejection filter T-?) supply three quadr~~,ture circuits of unit
I-15 and the range finder phase shifters included in them.
From the phase regulators of the quadrature circuits the 81-, 13.5-,
and 2.7-kc voltages go to the circuit of the trigger pulse-forming unit
I-4. These pulses trigger the modulator of the receiver-transmitter.
From the rotors of the pY~ase sh_fters of range, finder I-16 the 81-,
13.5-, and 2.7-kc voltages go to the movable range circle pulse-forming...
unit I-3.
The pulses for both purposes are formed by selecting one of` the
half-cycles of the 81-kc frequency wriich coincide with on.e period of ..the
2.7-kc frequency, i.e., with one cycle of the main pulse sending frequency,
which is equal to the time for propagation of a radiated pulse out to a
distance of 30 miles and back. The pulse sending frequency of 675 cps is
formed in the trigger pulse-forming unit I-4 with the help of the phantss-
tron divider.
The method of pulse forming and the principles of operation of
units I-3 and I-~+ are treated in detail in Chapter .III of this descrip-
tion.
A trigger pulse with a duration of 1.5 microseconds goes through
delay line I-17 (the length of the delay is approxiuna,tely 2 microseconds)
to the input of the modulator of the receiver-transmitter.
The amplif ier and first delayed blocking oscilllator of modulator P-6
amplify the trigger pulse and feed it tv trigger the second delayed blocking
oscillator, which generates a positive rectangular pulse 0.25 microseconds
or 1 microsecond in duration in operation on OBZOR [surveillance.
This pulse, with its duration determined by the forming line, is fed
to the grid of the discharge tube and causes it to conduct.
The storage capacitor, charged by rectifier P-7 to 1+,000 volts-
discharges through the discharge tube and the magnetron, causing the
magnetron to generate electromagnetic energy which ~;oes along the wave-
guide, through the capacitor trans itic>n, to the antenna and is radiated
into space.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO F' OREIGN NA2'ION~~LS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S -E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
The "priyem" [reception] and "peredacha" [transmission]. cavities. in
high-frequency. unit P-2 make it possible tv receive and transmit on a
cC,mtnOn antenna.
The ref lected signal, received by the antenna,. goes to-the input of
the crystal mixer. The detected signals are fed to the i-f preamplifier
P-3. '
The signals amplified by the i-f preamplifier go by cable to the main
i-f amp~.if ier I-7, which is located in the main indicator. In the main i-f
amplif ier the reflected pulse is detected by the second detector and amplif ied
by-the video amplifier.
The reflected signal is fed from the cathode followers in the f!'.~rm of
video-frequency pulses to the input of mixer I-12 and to feeder socket
8-04-III of the check panel. The video signal, amplif ied by the mixer,
goes to the control grid of the cathode-ray tube and modulates the bright-
ness of the luminous spot on the screen.
Approximately 2 microseconds before the transmitter is triggered, the
trigger pulse from the cathode follower unit I-~+ goes to sweep unit I-5.
The inert is. of the sweep system and the def lection system of the cathode-
ray tube makes it necessary far the triggering of the sweep to lead the.
triggering of the transmittero
When the trigger pulse is fed to the sweep block I-5, the following
are generated in it:
1. A saw-tvoth?current to supply the def lection system of the cathode-
ray tube.
2. The intensifier pulse, which is fed to the cathode of the cathode-
ray tube; insuring luminescence (the passibility of illuminating the screen)
only during tYle operating cycle of the sweep,
3. Range circle pulses which, after amplification by the circuit of
mixer I-12, go, together with video signal pulses, to the grid of the cathode-
ray tube.
In unit I-5 there is a tube which regulates the current of the indi-
cator CRT's focusing soil.
The pulse formed"in the movable range circle pulse-forming circuit
(in unit I-3) enters the circuit of mixer I-12, is amplified by it, and,
together with the video signal pulse and the range-mark pulses, goes to
the control grid of the indicator CRT.
Also fed to the output of the mixer, at the moment when the antenna
beam passes through the diametral plane of the ship, is the electronic.
couxse mark pulse..
- 1j
S -E_-C -R_-E -T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONAL;
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
s -E -c -R_-~_-T
' NOT RELEAc ABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONAL' S
Thus the following are fed to the cathode-ray tube from unit I-6s
1, To the control grid.
a. Video signal p:~lses reflected from objects
b, Movs;ble range circle pulses
c, Fixed range circle pulses, and
d, Electronic course mark pulse
2. 'To the cathode, the intensa.fier pulse
3< To the deflection system, the saw-tooth sweep current, which
forms the pulsed magnetic field which rotates synchronously and cophasally
with the antenna.
The combination of all 'the signals listed above produces on the PPI
screen of the main indicator a pt;ture of 'the water-surface conditions
surrounding the shipo
U.isible on the screen are surrounding objects (in the form of luminous
spots), the luminous fixed cringe circles, the luminous movable range ciY?cle
(whose radius is varied by turning the range f inde:c? handle), and the luminous
course-mark lixa.e (which indicates the direct9_on of the ship's course ).
The forms and amplitudes of the signals at the outputs of the main
elements of the station, which clari:Fy the principaLe of its operation, are
shown irs the table on the' block (general) circuit of the station, drawing
No 33,550,oo7-sPo .
In order to prevent overloading grid excitation of the receiver's input
stages by a pulse from the transmitter and, simultaneously, to equalize the
levels of signals reflected from near and far objecsts, the circuit is pro-
vided with an automatic gain control-for the i-f pz?eamplifier in respect to
time (or distance), Simultaneous:]_y with the pulse of the modulating voltage,,
which is fed to the magnetron, a negative bias pulse, which then drops ex-
ponentially to zero, is supplied to the grids of tY:ie tubes of the i-f pre-
amplifier from the second blocking oscillatoro
Variations of the intermediate f.?requency, which can result from deviation
of the magnetron or klystron frequency (due to f luetuations of the temperature
inside the block or the power-supp:Ly voltage), are compensated by t~he circuit
of the unit for automatic frequency c,ontro.l or ARCh [AFC] (Unit P-~+). signals
detected by a special detector, to wb.ich magnetran and klystron f luctuat:Lons
are fed,-are supplied to i~he AFC" input from unit P-2.
Depending on the sign of 'the -f deviation from rated frequency,-there
is a corresponding variation of the negative voltage on the reflector elec-
trode of the klystron, as a result of which the i-f is maint~.ined constant;
with accuracy suff icient for operation of the station.
In addition to AFC, there is r~zanual frequency control, which is regulated
from the control panel of the main indicator..
- 16
s-E-c-a-E-T
NOT REI~ASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
In the remote indicator the image is produced on the screen of the
CRT, 1t3L~35, in the fallowing manners Through .the three-phase deflection
coil of unit ~T-~ pass currents from the autput transformers of .amplifiers
which amplify valtages taken from resistances connected in series with
the phases of the deflection coil of the main indicator. To the control
grid of the CRT there are fed the reflected pulses amplif ied by the video
amplifier and t}.~e range circle pulses taken from the corresponding circuits
in the main indicator Here also are fed-the electronic course mark pulses.
To the cathode of tube 18LM35 the intensif ier pulse is fed. The latter
is alsa~taken from the main indicatar and is amplif ied by the intensifier-
pulse amplifier in t'ne remote indicatoro
The image of the CRT screen of the remote indicator yields a picture
of water-surface conditions surrounding the ship and is in all respects
similar to the image on the screen of the main indicator.
As has already been stated above, the images an bath the main and
remote indicator screens are produced, by a PPT sweep in a polar system of
coordinates where tie origin coincides with the center of the CRT screen
and is the position of thF~ shi.p~
The image an the CRT screen can be oriented in one of two ways. If
in respect to the head of the ship, then the electronic course mark, which
sign~_fies the diametral plane of the ship, will be directed at zero on the
fixed scale of the indicatox?o T,f m~:;ridiorrally oriented, the electronic
course mark will indicate the e?ourse of the ship on the fixed scale of the
indicatot?
When the image is stabilized in respee.t to the head of the ship, if
the ship turns the image on the screen will move, while the electronic course
will remain fixed When the image is stabilized a,n respect to the meridian,
if the .ship turns the image on the screen will remain stationary, while only
the electronic course: mark will movea
The distance. to an abject is determined roughly on both the main and
remote indicators from the fixed-range circles. Accurate determination of
distance is passible: anly on the main indicator, by superposing the movable
range circle on the object and reading the distance to the object from the
range finder countero
When the image is stabilized in respect to the meridian, the direction
of the electronic course-hark on the fixed scale of the indicator shows the
course of the ship, The sight, when. matched. with the object, indicates the
drect.on of the _ob.iect on the fixed scs,~P and the course bearing of~-Ghe.
object ors the moving scale, if the__latter n~a.tches the gyrocompass.
When the image is stabilized in respect to the head of the ship, the
purpose of the fixed scale changes, and, when the sight is set on the ob-
ject., this scale-indicates the course bearings of the object.
The antenna drive produces continuous circular rotation of the antenna
at a rate of 1~+ rpma The antenna is driven by a motor with a shaft power
of approximately 225-250 watts4
S -E -C -R-E -T
NOT RELEASA~I~E TO EORETGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
s?~-c-R-E-T
NOT RELEASA$LE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
III. MAIN INDICATOR (BLOCK "I")
A. Basic Technical Data and Description of the Operation of the Block
~..
Th.e general electrical diagram of the main indicator with complete
specifications is given in draft No 33,650,007, page
The main indicator is a PPI. :Ct coordinates all the processes taking
place in the station as a whole.
The principle of operation. of the main indicator is as follows:
'1'he frequency generator proc~:aces at its output sinusoidal oscilla-
tions of the synchronous frequencies 81 kc, 13.5 k.c, and 2.7 kc, which
have the, ratio o:P 30:5:1 to each othero
The sinusoidal oscillations of-these three frequencies ga to the
appropriate quadrature circuits of I-15, whose purpose is to create far
each of the three frequencies a curt?ent in quadrature, i.e., shifted 900
in phase.
All three phase shifters of unit I-16 operate on the same principle:
the two mutually perpendicular stator windings of 'the stator of the phase
shifter in the rare finder I-16, when fed currents 900 out of phase with
each other, indicate in the appropriate windings o:f the phase shifter's
rotox? a voltage whale phase is determined by the geometric position of
the rotor winding relatijre to the stator winding. Rotation of the rotor
can var,~,r thN phase of the oscillation in its winding from 0 to 3600.
From the voltages taken from the quadrature circuits and the phase
shifters in the indicator circuit, pulses for two :Eunctiorss are created:
a. Trigger pulses, for triggering the transmitter and the sweep
b. Movable range circle pulses, used for fine range measurement.
The trigger pulses ,are formed f:ram the three sinusoidal voltages
which are taken from the phase-regulating potentiometers in the quadrature
circuits.
The movable range circle pulses are formed from the three sinusoidal
voltages which are taken-from the phase-shifter rotors.
The pulses for-both functions are formed by selection of one of the
half-cycles of the 81-kc voltage which coincide wii~h one cycle of the rep-
etition frequency, 2.7 kc.
The three .sinusoidal voltages with frequencies of 81, 13.5, and 2.7
kc, respectively, which enter into the forn~a,tion of? the movable range
circle pulses make it possible to move the movable range circle over the
whole extent of all the scales. Rotation of the h~~ndle of the range
finder varies their phase smoothly.
S-E-C_-R-E_-T_
NOT REI.I;ASABLE `I'OrEOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S-E-C-R_-E=T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
The duration of the movable range circle pulse is 0.35 microseconds.
T.lze duration of the trigger pulses is 1..5 microseconds, while the
pulse repetition frequency for scales I and II is 2.7 kc; for scales III
and IV, 675 cycles.
The final pulse forming, both, as to shape and duration, which is
necessary fax' excitation of the magnetron, is. performed in the receiver-
transmittero'
As was stated above, the trigger pulses serve not only for keying.
the transmitter, but also for triggering the range sweep of unit I-5. In
the latter circuit there are simultaneously created fixed range circle
pulses and pulses for intensification of the operating cycle of the sweep.
Received signals reflected from objects., after they have left.the
receiver-transmitter and have passed through the i-f amplifier and the-
eecond detector in block I-7, are mixed and arriplified in the video mixer
I-12 with the. movable range circle, fixed.ran~e circle,-and electronic
course mark pulses .- All these signals from the video mixer go to the con-
trol grid of the eathnde-ray tube in unit I-6.
The pulses for intensification of the sweep's operating cycle from
unit T-5 go to the cathode of the cathode-ray tube in unit I-6.~
For synchronization with the antenna there are selsyn SGS-1, located
in the antenna assembly and used as a "rotating" transformer, and the
three-phase deflection coil of the cathode-ray tube. The single-phase-
-oscillations generated by the sweep circuit are fed to the "rotating" trans-
former of the antenna assembly, where they are split into three waves
whose phases are identical; when the antenna rotates they are amplitude
modulated. When fed to the Y-connected windings of the CRT .deflection
coil in unit I-6, these oscillations create a pulsed magnetic field which
is saw-tooth in form, increasing, and rotating, and wh~.ch deflects the
electron beam of the CRT from the center to the periphery. The form of
the waves generated by the sweep circuit must be such that, after all trans-
formations, the radial deflection of the spot on the. CRT screen will be
as linear as possible with respect to time.
The radially deflected spot forms a luminous-line an the screen.. When
the antenna-(consequently, also the luminous radius) is rotated, and when
the spot is modulated in brightness by signals fed to the control grid and
the cathode of .the CRT, an image of the conditions surrounding the ship
is formed on the screen.
To allow for orientatian`of the image in respect to either course or
meridian, Block "I" is .provided with the following:
a. The course "rotating" transformer (selsyn SDS-1 with braked
rotor) `
b, The gyrocompass '"rotating" transformer (selsyn SBS-1 with its
rotor coupled to the gyrocompass selsyn)
c. Gyrocompass repeater (selsyn SS-~+?~#} or another selsyn for
receiving from the gyrocompass.
S_-E_-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S-E_-C_-R_-E-T
NOT RELEAS~3LE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
~3. Detailed Description of the Units Which Make Up Block "I"
1. Frequency generator I-1 and high-frequency rejection filter I-2
The electrical-schematic diagram of .the .frequency generator is
shown in the general electrical diagram of the station, draft No 33,650,007-
SE, page
Filter I-2, which chops off the high fre~Iuencies, is pictured in
the general electrical diagram, draft No 33,650,0?7-SE, page
In accordance with. the functions of the Frequency generator in
the indicator circuit, the following demands are made of it:
a. The frequency generator must produce three sinusoidal waves
with frequencies of 80? X05, 13,~+8~-, and 2,690 cyc7Les per second, respec-
tively (in the diagram these frequencies are given their rounded out values
of 81, 1;.5, and 2.'7 kc, respectively) with sufficient power tc supply the
pulse quadrature circuits and the phase shifters ~~nd, at the-same time,
for stable operation of the circuits of units I-3 and I-4.
b. The voltages supplied by the frequency generator must be si-
nusoidal in form and with a minimum harmonic content. A high. percentage
of harmonics. greatly impairs the phase characteristics of the range finder
ph~i:ze shifters.
The circuit of the frequency generator consists of a quartz os-
cillator and two frequency dividers.
The source of the basic stable frequency is a quartz oscillator
baked on tube L-O1-Il, type EP9, and. a circuit with a tuned plate circuit,
positive capacitive coupling to the grid, and the quartz crystal in the
grid circuit. Th,e quartz frequency is 81 kc. By :means of the positive.
coupling, the oscillatory circuit, composed of T-.O1-I1 and C-02-I1, is
tuned to a frequency higher than the frequency of the quartz. Depending
upon the quality of the quartz, the frequency of the tuned circuit should
exceed the quartz frequency by 3-15~.
From the second wiT:K~IYlg of the plate transformer T-Ol-I1 of tube
L-Ol-Il oscillations with a frequency of 81 kc are fed through filter
I-2, which chops off the high frequencies in the quadrature circuit..
The third winding of this transformer serves to supply the first fre-
quency divider. The power of osci11a1;ions taken from the generator. is
approximately-one watt.
Under certain conditions, depending on the deviations from
rated values of the tube, quartz, and other parameters, the form of
the curve at the output of th.e generator may be somewhat distorted.
Since this will not allow normal opez?ation of the range-finder phase
shifter, the oscillations from the EE~neratar are fed to the quadrature
circuit through the high--frequency rejection filter. The filter is so
tuned that it passes the .Frequency of 81 kc and chops off frequencies
above this, including, consequently, all its harmonic components.
To obtain the frequencies of 13.5 kc and 2.7 kc there are fre-
quency dividers which first divide th.e 81-kc frequency by 6, and then
the obtained frequency -- 13 , 5 kc -- `~y ;~, yielding a t,hir~l frequency of 2.7 kc.
S-E-C-R_-:E-T
NOT REI~EA,SABLE TO :FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
NQT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
`.I'he circuit of the first divider consists of tubes L-Q2-I1, type 6 Zhu
(6AS7), and L-0~-S1, type 6P65 (6v6), while the second divider is made
up of tubes L-43-I1, type 6P9, and L-05-I1, type 6P6S (6v6).
Both frequency division stages operate on the same principle
and are dividers of the so-called regenerative type.
The operating principle of these dividers lies in the fallowing:
oscillations with the frequency of 81 kc from the secondary winding of
transformer T-02-I1, which is connected to the plate circuit of tube
L-02TI1, are fed to the grid 5 of mixer tube L-4~+-Il.
Since the turd. tsan.,f'orlr~er r-02-I1 gives a frequency of 5/6 F,
the sum and difference of the ~{Gaxed frequencies goes to the grid of
tube T~-04-I1, i.e.,
F -~. 5/(~ F a l 5/6 F 1+8.5 kc
F - 7/~ F - F/6 - 13.5 kc
The isolation of oscillations with the frequency 5/6 F in. trans-
forrn.er '1'-132-I1 results From the following: in detector tube L-O~+-Il,
by means of the tuned circuit in its plate circuit, the frequency 1 5/6 F
is filtered out, and the frequency F/6 (13.5 kc) is isolated.. From this
circuit (the primary winding of T-04-I1, C-17-I1, and C-27-I1) the voltage
with the frequency F/6 (13.5 kc) is fed by means of transformer T-05-I1
to the quadrature circult. Connected to the primary winding of T-05-T1
is the input of the second frequency divider. From the secon~.ary winding
of transformer T-O~+-Il the voltage with the frequency F (13.5 ke) goes
to the grid of multiplier tube L-02-I1, whose plate circuit includes
tuned transformer T-42-I1, w~.ich separates the fifth harmonic from the
frequency F/6 (13.5 kc), i.e., the frequency 5/6 F (67.5 kc). Tube L-02-I1
operates under conditions of large nonlinear distortions, as a result of
_.ich separation of the fifth harmonic is accomplished comparatively easily.
The volta~,e with the frequency 5/6 F (67.5 kc) from the secondary
winding of the transformer, together with. the input voltage. of the fre-
quency F (81 kc), is fed to the control grid of L-O~+-I1. Thus the path
of frequency regeneration is closed with division by 6 in the process of
operation of the dividerv
The generation of oscillations in the divider is guaranteed, as
it is in tube oscillators, by random variations of the plate current,
fluctuation noises, etc.
The second divider, dust as the first, is a regenerative-type
.divider with frequency division by 5. In the second divider the frequency
Fl/5 (2.'7 kc) is isolated in the plate circuit of tube`L-O~-Il, while in
the plate circuit of tube L-03-I1 the frequency ~-/5 F1 (14.8 kc) is iso-
lated. To the grid of tube L-05-I1 go the sum (Fl 4/5 F1 ~ 13.5 f 10.8
?24.3 kc) and the difference (Fi - ~+/5 F1 - 13.5 - 10.8 = 2.7 kc) of the
frequencies, which are mixed in transformer T-03-I1.
- 21 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
1`~tOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S_-E-C-R-E_-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN N 4TIONALS
The circuit of the second divider, in contrast to that of the
first, has capacitive coupling between the detector. and multiplier tubes
a;, well as transformer coupling, as in the first divider. For the rest,
tPre circuits are identical.
2. Quadrature circuits I-15 and Rangefinder I-16
? The electrical schematic-diagram of units I-15 and I-16 is shown
in the genex?a1 electrical diagram of the station, draft No 33,650,007-S:E,
page
The unit of the quadrature circuits I-15 and the rangefinder I-16
is?as a whole a circuit which produces:
a. The phase.-regulated voltages required. for the trigger pulse-
forrnin~ circuit
b. The voltages, taken frorrL the ~?tors of the phase shifters
and smoothly variable in phase from 0 to 360?, required far forming the
movable range circle pulses.
The schematic diagrams o~ a?11 three quadrature circuits are iden-
tical, and they differ from one another only in the values of the elements
composing them. Each of the quadrature circuits is a circuit composed cif
L, C, and R.
The quadrature circuits, together with the stators of the phase
shiftexs, produce a relative phase shift of y0? :in the currents passing
through the_ two windings of the phase-shifter stators. These windings
are geometrically disposed at an angle of 90? to each other.
In order to understand the :principle of operation of the induc-
tine phase shifter, imagine, for example, that in -the stator winding of
L-07-I16 there flows an alternating current whose phase we will assume
to be 0. Then, when thex?e is r,iaxi.mu,n inductive coupling; between the rotor
winding of L-09-I16 and the stator winding of L-07?-I16, an emf in the same
phase frill be induced in the rotor winding. If thf~ rotor is turned by
90?, at will have rnaximurri coupling with the stator winding of L-08-I16,
and the emf in .the rotor winding, like that in this stator winding, will
be shifted relative to the phase in the initial roi;or position by 90?.
If the rotor is turned by another 90", its winding will main be maxi-
mally coupled with the stator winding of L-07-I16; however, the phase
of the ernf induced ? in the rotor will r~iffer from t~~.at in the initial
position by 1~0?. If the phase-shif-~er rotor is turned by still another
~Oo (i.e., the rotor will have been rotated by 270? in all), the phase of
the emf induced in it will be shifted by 1~0? relat:ive to the phase of the
emf in the second rotor position, and by 270? relative to the phase of the
emf in the original position. The intermediate positions between the
points mentioned above will also core?espond to intermediate values of the
phase of the emf. Thus, smooth rotation of the phase-shifter rotors pro-
duces smoath variation of the phases of the voltages used in forming the
rare mark pulses and, at the same time, makes it possible to shift the
range mark pulse in time within-the limits of a cycle of. the frequency
2.7 kc.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELE~.SABI;r~ TO ~~ OREIGN NATIONILLS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATION ~"
The necessary 90o phase shifts between the currents flowing through
tkie c~.ifferent stator windings of the phase shifters are obtained by selee-
tion of the correct values of capacitors C-01-I1>, C-O2-I15, C-03-I15,
C-O~--I15, C-O5-I15, and C-05-I15. The currents in the stator windings of
the pk~ase shifters are made equal by correct selection of the values of
resistors R-O~+-T15, R-08-I15, and R-12-I15.
Resistors R-O2-I15, R-03-I15, R-05-I15, R-07-I15, R-11-I15, and
R-10-I15 serve to control the. value and the phase-shift of the currents
flowin tlrou~h the stators. The potentials on these resistors. match the
currents flawing through the stators, which makes it possible to observe
the amplitude and the phase shift of the currents with a cathode-ray os-
cilloscope when adjusting the circuit.
The sinusoidal volta;es are taken from phase-regulating potentio-
meters R-Ol-I15, R-05-I15, and R-O9-Ii5 to the circuit for forming trigger
pulses (l~.nit I-~-)?
Fotentiometer R-Ol-Il5 is designed at the same time to regulate
the phase of the trigger p~~.l.se when settin the zero on the range finder.
The values of L.(phase-shifter stators), C, and R are so chosen
that their total impedance, which. is the load of the frequency generator,
has a va7_ue of approximately 2,000 ohms.
In construction all three range-finder phase shifters (high-
frequency, medium-frequency, and low-frequency) are mounted on a common
shaped textolite plate. The phase. shifters are coupled together by gears
with tran~missian ratios of 30:5:1, i.2., one turn of the low-frequency
phase shifter corresponds to 5 turns of the medium-frequency shifter and
30 turn, of the high-frequency shifter.
The stator of the phase shifter is a solid plastic cylinder with
slots containing two mutually perpendicular windings. The angle between
these. windings is constructed as a right angle with as high accuracy as
possible. This is important, in order to minimize errors introduced into
the ran~?P finder.
Bath windings must be identical; if not, regulation of the pulse
quadrature circuit is much more difficult. This identity is attained
by apprapr~is,te windin3 of the stator and careful adjustment of its windings
for equal inductance.
Both ends of both stator windings are led to pins on the front
part of the cylinder.. The cylinder iG fastened to the base of the range
finder. The phase-shifter rotor is a hollow plastic cylinder with ribs
on its external. surface to hold the winding. The rotor winding cons-fists
of four sections, two main and two compensation. A3.1 sections of the
rotor are connected in series. The number of turns in the section and
their-mutual distribution is selected by experiment so that the change
in the voltage taken from the rotor when it is rotated does not exceed
?5?~o and the phase variation follows tk~e rotor's angle of rotation with
a deviation of not more than _*30,
On its front part the rotor has a shaft to which two contact.
rings, connected to the rotor winding, are fastened. Set on the-same
shaft is a spur gear with which the rotor is coupled to the kinematic
system of the range finder.
S_-E-C-R_-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE ~I'O FOP,EIGN NATIONALS
Approved for Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S -F-C -R-E-T
NOT R'CLEASABLu TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
The rotor is set over the phase-shifter stator, and its bearing
a.s ~nstallecl. on the phase--shifter pJ.ate .
3. Unit for Formin?; Movable Range Circle Pulses, I-3
The electrical srhematic diagrar_1 of the movable range circle
pul.~e-farming unit is shown in the general electrical diagram of the sta-
tion, d.raf~t No 33,65.0,007, page .
The movable range circle pulse-forming circuit is designed to
form. pulses for producing on the indicator screen a circle whose radius
changes when the range-finder hanc:~le is rotated. This circle is pro-
duced by pulses which modulate the brightness of the spot on the screen
of the indicator CRT once each cyc-.e of the range sweep. By changing the
radius of the movable range circle ?4zn.til it is matched up with the object
it is possible to read the distance to the object from the range-finder
counter. 1'he position of the movable range circle pulse on the CRT screen
depenfls on the time lag between the moment when the sweep and the receiver-
transmitter are triggered and the rnament when movable range circle ;sulses
are created. By means of the range-f"finder phase shifters this lag r..an be
set from 0 to 373 microseconds, i.e., the time necessary for passage of a
pulse of high-frequency energy from the antenna to an object 30 miles away
and. back again. To increase the accuracy of matching, the pulse duration
is made equal to 0.35 microseconds.
Tl1e pulse is for~,~ed ~by selecting. it from the three sinusoidal os-
ci~_loti?ns wi.th frequencies of 81, 13.5, and 2.7 kc. The circuit selects
the peak of one of the 30 oscillations of the high frequency (81 kc) which
coincide with one cyle of the low frequency (2.7 kc); then subsequent di:F-
ferentiation and formation of a pulse of small amplitude and duration is
performed by the blocking oscillator...
The 2.7-kc oscillation is fed. through C-01-t-13 from the low-fre-
quency phase shifter directly to the grid of the selector tube L-02-13,
type 6A7 (6SA7}. The 13.5-kc oscillations are fed through a cathode .
follower (left triode of tube L-O1-Ic, type 6N8S) to grid 8 of tube L-02~-
:C3. The 81-kc oscillati.ons are also f'ed through a cathode follower (right
triode of tube L-01-13) to grid 5 of the same selector tube.
The selector tube L-02-13, type 6A7 (6SA7) is caused to conduct
by a positive voltage fed to its cathode through resisf;ance R-06x13. Thus,
part of the positive high-frequency half-cycle ca.n produce a plate current
in the tube only if this half-cycle c:oin.cides in time with the positive
peaks of the half-cycles of the mediLUri-frequency ar.~.d low-frequency oscilaa-
tions fed to grids ~+ and 8 of the se7_ectar tube (see Figure 3, EXplanato:ry
Illustrations). Consequently, pulses in the plate circuit of the .selector
tube occur once per period of the low frequency, 2.7 kc.
By means of the differentiating action of transformer T-O1-13,
whose primary winding is connected tc> the plate ciz?euit of the selector
tube, a differentiated pulse, whose form is pictured in Figure 2 (Explan-
atory Illustrations) is fed to grid 1 of amplifier tube L-03-33.
- 21} -
S-E_-r_-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO :E'OREIGN N~`~~'IONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S-E-C-R_-E-T
NOT RE~LEASABL~ TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
The-duration of these pulses is of the order of 1.5 microseconds.
Ai?ter.' amplification in t;ube L-O2-13, the pulses are fed to the grid of tube
L-O~~-13, tube 6NSs, which. operates the locked delaying blocking-oscillator.
Tha :locked de,~aying blocking oscillator (Figure ?~) operates when tripping.
p~zlses taken from the plate 2 of tube L-O3-13 act on grid 1 of-tube L=O~+-13.
Until.receipt of the tripping pulse the tube of the blocking oscillator is
locked, s~.nce a locking. voltage is supplied to its grid through .leakage
resistors.
If the tripping plzlse, amplified by the left triode of tube L-O~--
23 at a moment of time t, reduces the potential on plates 2 and 5 and, at
the same time, increases the potential an grid. through transformer T-02-
13 anti r..apac~..tor C-08-13 to a value higher than the locking voltage of the
tube,. then a current will flow thz~ough the tube causing a further-drop of
the potential ea [plate] and a furtrier rise in the potential eg fgridJ
througra the transformer. This process, called the blocking effect, anow-
balls; wi~;;~h the result that the tube opens mpmentarily and the circuit
itself becomes capable of holding the tube in the conducting state inde-
pendent of the tripping pulse. After a moment in time t1 the tube is in
such a condition (the potential on the grid is greater than that on the
plate) that the steep:e~ess of its characteristic is so sma11 that varia-
tion a.-P the ~roltage in its grid produces practically no change in its
plate current a
In the t>ime int~:rva.l from t~~, to t2 capacitor C-08-13 becomes.
chargF,d with- the grid curx?ent, -and t}.ze magnetisation current of? trans-
far~ner ~'?0?-13 growso As a result of this, the plate eurrent of the tube
will a.l.so rise. However, these variations in voltage and current take
place ~~iuciz 1TiQre slowly than the variations which take place in the trip-
ping px?ocess. Tx~erefo.i~e, the tube will be in the conducting state for
some time (in our case, for 0.35 microseconds},
As the voltage on the grid decreases, the magnetization eurrent
of the transformer increases, and the operating point of the tube gradu-
ally shifts to the region on the characteristic where the steepness takes
on ever gre:ate:r significance. At the moment in time t2 the steepness of
the cha:r?acteristic reaches a value at which the conditions for existence
of the blo~kin.g effect again are fulfilled. The reduced voltage on the
grid. starts. to cause a:n. already noticeable reduction of the tube's current,
-which leads to a .reduction of the voltage on the transformer windings. As
a result o~ this, there takes place a further, more intensive decrease in
the voltage tTg on the tube, and this causes, still further reduction of the
plate currerLt. Thus, there arises a reverse snowballing process, similar
to that described above, but acting in the opposite direction..
The blocking oscillator is finished for this operating cycle, but
after the charge in capacitor C-08-13 has run off through a leakage resis-
tor the circuit is again ready to operate from the next tripping pulse.
Thus, from winding 2-~ of transformer T-02-13 a pulse of 0.35 microseconds
in duration goes to grid ~- of the output triode of tube L-03-13 whose
cathode circuit is common with that of tube L-O1-212, type &Zh~- (6AG7), of
the video mixer. The amplitude of the pulse is adjusted with regulator PKE
[Movable Range Circle), which varies the locking voltage fed to grid ~- of
tube L-03-13. If the lacking voltage is high, then, owing to the high cut-
off, the amplitude of the pulse at the output is low; if the locking voltage
S-E-C_-R_-E_-T_
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S-E-C-?R-E-T
NOT REI~l~,SABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
is reduced, the cutoff is reduced, and the amplitude of the pulse a.t the
output increases. The regula.-~or FKD is mounted on the control panel of
the main indicator.
~+. Trigger pulse-forming; unit I?-?E
The electrical schematic diagram of the circuit of the trigger-
pulse forming unit is shown. in the general electrical diagram of-the sta-
tion, draft No 33,650,007-SE, page . .
The trigger pulse-forming circuit produces pulses to trigger the
transmitter and the eircui.t of sweep unit I-5.
The duration of the pulses a-t the. output of the circuit is 1.5
micrasec;onds for all scales. The f'ina.l forming of the pulses which con-
trol the magnetron is performs=_d in the transmitter, depending on the
pulse rep, tition i?.requency, which is diff.'erent for -the different scales .
Thus, for the 1st and 2d scales the pulse repetition frequency is 2.7 kc,
while for the two other scales it is 675 cycles.
-The operation of this circuit, like that o:f the preceding pulse-~
farming circuit (see Figure 3a}, is based on the same principle of the
selection of one- of the high-:Frequency half-cycles ,~~hich coincides with ?nined by the pctential se:Lected for operation
of the control amplifier a.nd the rniltivibrator. Thc> steepness of the
[voltage] rise (in other 4~ords, the velocity of the sweep cycle) is de-
termined by the time constant of R-17?-T5 and C-10-I~i. The amplifier of
the range sweep, i.e., of the pulse for the sweep's operating cycle pulse
(tubes : lei't triode of L-05-15, type E~NBS [ 6N~P~i] ; L--06-15, type 6AG7; and
L-O7-I5, type G"U-29 CG-82g}), contains throe stages of amplification and
operates with high negative coupling in respect to t;he current of the out-
put a.rnplification stage (tube L-07-15) with the first stage (left triode
of tube L-O5-15). This coupling results from the current flowing through
the resistance (which is common for both tubes) at the cathode (R-35-15,
R-104-15, R-,3~-15, or R-97-15, depending on the position of the range scale
switch). Tubes L.-05-15, L-06-15, and L-07-15 operate as linear amplifiers.
A voltage propor[,ional to the output of tube L-07-I;. iU fed from. resistor
R-35-15, or one of the other three, back to the catrsode of L-05-15.
The feedback is negative, since an increase of the voltage on the
grid of tube L-05-15 causes a reduction of the voltage on the grid of tube
L-o6-15, a voltage rise on the grid. of L-07-15, and (as a result of the
fact that tube L-07-I5 is a cathode.follower) an increase of the voltage
also on the primary winding of the output transformer and on R-35-15. Con-
sequently, the rise in the grid-ground voltage of tube L-05-15 leads to an
increased potential at the cathode of tube L-O5-15, as a result of which the
grid-cathode voltage comprises only a small part of the grid-ground voltage.
As a result of the negative Feedback, the current in the output
transformer winding has almost-the same form as the grid-ground voltage,
i.e., the output voltage of the sweep oscillator. Tubes L-05-15, L-06-15,
anal L-07-15 amplify the vc:Ltage of the grid-cathode circuit of tube L-05-
15 almost 500 times. Therefore, if the form of the feedback current (con--
seguently, also the feedback voltage) deviates from the grid-ground saw-
t_ooth form even very slightly,. there will appear a grid-cathode voltage
sufficient after amplification to balance the difference in the forms of
the saw-tooth oscillator voltage and the feedback voltage created by the
current of output tube L-Oj-15. This voltage on R-35-15 (Gnd, c?nsequent~_y
the current through it) will then have a saw-tooth form like that of the
sweep oscillator voltage. Connected to the plate circuit of the output state
is one half of the primary winding of transformer T-O1-15. The secondary
winding of the latter is connected to the "rotating" transfoz~ner (aelsyn type
SGS-l, mounted in the base of the antenna assembly).
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For. Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
~_-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
So .much for tl~.e range sweep pulse-forming path.
The output current of transformer T-Ol-15 consists of a series
off" pulses separated by intervals. One current cycle is a sweep. pulse
and an interval, as shown in Figure 11 b.
In the primary winding of the output transformer there flows a
pulsed. cizrx?ent containing a do component (see Figure 11 a), whose value
is indicated by the dotted line..
If this single-directional current passes through the deflection
coil, then the beam, under the influence of the magnetic field created,
will be de~lected. from the center to the periphery. Thus, the origin of
the sweep (point "B"), corresponding to the zero time value of the current,
will coincide with the center of the screen.
S~,nce neither the output nor the "rotating" transformer will pass
the c1.r_ component of the current, essentiaJ_ly an alternating current will be
fed; tc~ Lhe deflection coil .(see Figure 11 b). This current will create a
t~cro'-c~:irecta~onal deflection field, and the origin of the sweep (point "B")
wall not cairicide with the center. .Coinciding with the center, instead of
paint ''l~," w~.,~l. be point "A," which is the point of intersection of the
siae~~~ curr~:nt curve with the line which divides t_he curve into two parts.
such that the positive and negative "half-cycles" of-the current curve are
equa? _?,n area.,
In a PPI with radial sweep it is necessary to have a fixed point
(thec,enter? of rotation} for the origin of the sweep cycle, wha.ch corre-
sponcZs -to t;h.e zero mo~aent of time . At the zero moment of time the' instan-
~aneou.,a value of the ac component of the current in the deflection-coil
must be at the zero level.
In the circuit of unit I-5 being discussed, this is accomplished
with the aid of a "balance wave" with equally great "area" (Figure 12).
The balancing; current begins to act at once after the end of the
sweep c~arren'c cycle and is turned off before the .beginning of the follow-
ing s=.aeep cycle .
The area bounded by the "balance wave" .curve is adjusted in such a
way tla.at the level in the interval of "ozhidaniye" [delay] will be equal to
O, and. the origin of -the tiwesp current curve will also be at this level. As
a result of 'tYie rotation of the sweep line, only point "B" (Figure 12} is
independent of the delay interval,
Increasing the area of the "balance wave" far the same value of the
sweep current pulse on the first range scale produces "Razdvi.zhka Tsentra"
(~>pansion of the Center}.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT RELEASABLE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS
Approved For- Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
 Approved For Release 1999/08/25: CIA-RDP78-03109A001700010006-5
S-E-C-R-E-T
NOT R~,LEA,SABLE TO FOREIGN NATIO:~TALS
The operation of the path j'or forming they "balance wave" is
treated. below.
.From the plate load R-08-15 of the multivibrator, a positive
pulse is fed to grid. ]+ of tube L-03-15, type 6AG7. This tube operates
as a paraphase amplifier, the signal. being limited. by currents arising
in the grid circuit of L-03-15. '.rhe principle of operation of the cir-
cuits which ure coupled with tube L-03-15 will be examined when the path
for forming fixed range circle pulses is discussed..
From the plate .load IZ-1.2-T5 of the paraphase amplif ier, a rec-
ta,ngular neg~a.tive pulse goes to the differentiating circuit, which con-
sists of C-32-15 and R-5i3-15. `the positive pulse generated as a result
of the differentiation (Figure 13} of the rear edge of the inverted U-
shaped pulse from the paraphase amplifier at a moment of time t2 triggers
the phantastron circuit, which consists of tube L-12-15 ,M-type 6A7 (6SA7},
and. the laft triode of tube L-13-15, type 6N8S (6Ni3M)e The principle of
operation of the phantastron is given in the description o~ unit I-4.
The phantastron circuit in unit I-5 differs from the phantastron circuit
in unit I-]+ only by the fact that in it (the former?~ the phantastron is
triggered by a positive pulse to screen control grid 8 (3rd grid from the
cathode}, and variations of voltage on the plate are supplied to the phan-
tastron grid not through the cathode follower, but directly through capac-
itor C-32-15.
The pulse formed by the phantastron is taken from resistor R-65-15
through the integrating