USSR MATERIALS AND MATERIALS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000400010002-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 50
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 9, 1998
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: July 18, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

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USSR MATERIALS AND
MATERIALS PROCESSING
EQUIPMENT
Number 23
18 July 1960
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ORIG CLASS L PAGES REV CL.ISS [J
JUST NEXT REV AUTH; HR 10.2 {
Prepared by
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E St., N. W., Washington 25, D. C.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information selected from
foreign-language publications as indicated. It is produced and
disseminated as an aid to United States Government research.
USSR MATERIALS AND MATERIALS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
Table of Contents
Chemical Industry
Regional Roundups
'USSR
RSFSR
Azerbaydzhan SSR
Lithuanian SSR
Turkmen SSR
Petrochemicals
Synthetic Rubber
Rubber Products
Artificial and Synthetic Fibers
Plastics
Mineral Fertilizers
Carbon Black
Chemical Equipment
II. Oil and Gas Industries
Production
Drilling
Discoveries
Pipeline Construction
Expansion
Coal Fields
Di scove rie s
Production
Shale
Coal Machinery
IV. Ferrous Metallurgy
Blast Furnaces
Coke Ovens
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Construction and Expansion
Production
Ore Extraction
Metal Economy
Metallurgical Equipment
V. Nonferrous Metals and Minerals
Aluminum
Copper
Lead-Zinc
Tin
Diamonds
Mica
Ore Discovery
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Regional Roundups
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USSR
CONSTRTXTION"PROGRAM DEFICIENCIES LISTED -- Moscow, Pravda, 7 Apr 60
Along with successes, there have been serious deficiencies in the
USSR capital construction program. The planning organs, sovnarkhozes,
ministries, departments, and heads of enterprises in some cases do not
provide the construction projects with the necessary funds and materials;
they spread out the investments over too many projects at once; and they
include in the building plans installations for which the necessary tech-
nical documents have not been prepared.
These shortcomings apply particularly to a number of chemical industry
projects, where they are especially inadmissible because of the tremendous
importance to the national economy of accelerating the development of the
chemical industry.
For example, the builders of the Ryazan' Artificial Fibers Plant ex-
ceeded the 1959 construction and assembly plan and made all_preprations
for getting the first stage of the plant itato operation in 1959. -However,
the plant did not go into operation in 1959 because the basic gquipment
did not arrive until the fourth quarter of 1959 and the remaining equipment
will not be in place until 1960.
IiRASNOYARSK WOOD CEMCAL-COMPLEX DESCRIBED -- Moscow, Pravda, 12 Apr 6c
Motor vehicle tires, cord, and rayon fabrics are among tha-,_products
which the Krasnoyarsk wood chemical complex will provide for the national
economy. Cellulose, needed for the production of viscose, has so far
been imported from other economic regions of the USSR, but will soon be
produced by the Krasnoyarsk Cellulose-Paper Combine.
This combine is being built on the right-bank [eastern bank of the
Yenisey River) outskirts of Krasnoyarsk. Construction of the wood-
preparation, cooking, acid, and other shops has been completed and equip-
ment is being tested. The first cellulose is to be pr.. Uced; by the end
of April 1960 a
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Moscow, Pravda, 29 Apr 60
The Krasnoyarsk Cellulose-Paper Combine has put out its first products.
Besides viscose cellulose, the combine will produce newsprint, other kinds
of paper,, and cardboard.
Moscow, Pravda, 12 May 60
The Krasnoyarskpromkhimstroy.[Krasnoyarsk Industrial and Chemical
Enterprise Construction Trust?] and specialized installation organizations
of the Ministry of Construction RSFSR have finished construction and put
into operation, in Krasnoyarsk,, the cord production facility of the arti-
ficial fiber plant, the first stage of the tire plant,, and the first stage
(with a capacity of 35:,000 tons a year) of the cellulose production facility
of the cellulose-paper combine. When the cellulose-Vaper combine goes into
operation in 1960, construction of the planned great complex of chemical
industry enterprises in Krasnoyarsk will be complete.
Siberian cellulose and hydrolytic alcohol are now the basic raw mate
rials for the Krasnoyarsk synthetic rubber plant, artificial fiber plant,
and tire plant
The artificial fiber plant, the tire plant, and the cellulose-paper
combine were designated as "especially important construction projects"
by the Council of Ministers USSR. At the three enterprises, 2+5,000 sq m
of production area has been built, and the total cubic content of bui.dm
ings put into operation is 2 million cu mo Over 270 km of underground
technological communications and pipes and 830 km of cable and wiring have
been installed.
All buildings and structures of the tire plant, artificial fiber
plant, and cellulose-paper combine were constructed of precast reinforced
concrete; 52,000 cu m of precast reinforced concrete, including 13,000 cu m
of prestressed reinforced concrete, were used.
The enterprises were equipped with the latest technological equipment,
providing the possibility for all-round mechanization and automation of
production processes and considerably increasing labor productivity. The
Krasnoyarsk Heat and Power Plant was expanded to provide the, new enter-
prises with electric power and steam.
Many enterprises of the USSR manufactured and supplied equipment for
the Krasnoyarsk chemical industry enterprises. Especially noteworthy
were enterprises of the Moscow City and Oblast, Leningradskiy,Kievskiy,
and Penzenskiy sovnarkhozes and particularly, the Serpukhov 10 Let Oktya-
brya Plant, Moscow Compressor Plant, Kiev Bo1'shevik Plant, Penza Chemical
Machinery Plant, and others.
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The Omsk Tire Plant and the Perm' and Solikamsk cellulose-paper com-
bines extended much aid in getting the tire plant and cellulose facility
into operation.
The building and installation personnel are striving to complete con-
struction of the second stage of the tire plant and of the cellulose-paper
combine in 1960. By the end, of 1960, the cellulose-paper combine is to
have the following production capacities: 47,000 tons of cellulose; 31,0.00
tons of wood pulp; 85,000 tons of paper; and 12,000 tons of cardboard.
Azerbaydzhan SSR
PROJECTS UNDER WAS -- Moscow, Izvestiya, 24 Apr 60
The largest petrochemical combine in the USSR is being constructed
in Sumgait. Other construction projects under way in the Azerbaydzhan
SSR are a large herbicide installation in Sumgait, an oil extraction
plant in Kirovabad, and an alunite mine complex in Zaglikaa
Lithuanian SSR
COMBINE UNIER CONSTRUCTION
Moscow, Izvestiya, 12 Apr 60
The shopsof the ; Kedaynyay` Chemical Combine, begun in 1959 and sched-
uled to begin production in 1961, will cover an area of over 40 hectares
on the outskirts of the Lithuanian city. The combine administration
building, laboratory, refectory, repair shop (which will have an area of
3,000 sq meters), and one of the production shops are in various stages
of completion. The combine will manufacture 14+ products for USSR agri-
culture, including large quantities of mineral fertilizers.
Turkmen SSR
GULF'S RAW MATERIAL POTENTIAL NEGLECTED Moscow, Izvestiya,, 19 Apr 60
The Kara-Bogaz'Gol Gulf has long been known as a source of practically
inexhaustible supplies of bromine and sodium, magnesium, and potassium
salts, from which it would be possible to manufacture enormous quantities
of sodium, potassium, and magnesium sulfates and chlorides, as well as
concentrated potassium fertilizers and magnesia building materials. Some,
of the initial chemical products could, in turn, serve as raw material
for the production of caustic soda, soda ash, sulfuric acid, ammonium sul-
fate, sodium sulfide., and many other valuable chemical products.
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Sodium chloride serves as the starting point for a long line of
products, beginning with the production of chlorine and ending with such
valuable plastics as polyvinyl chloride and fluoroplastics. An even
longer line of important chemical products may be derived from sulfuric
acid
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Actually, however, only sodium sulfate and a small amount of magnesium
sulfate are being produced at present. And there has been little change,
in the last 25 years, either in the quantity of sodium sulfate produced
by the Karabogaz Sulfate Combine or in the primitive basin method of pro-
duction, which involves mostly heavy hand labor.
The Karabogaz Sulfate Combine is an unprofitable enterprise. It suf-
fers losses of 3-5 million rubles every year. And this represents a
paradox. the country with the greatest sodium sulfate resources in the
world has a shortage of this product!
The primitive technology used by the combine leads to direct waste-
fulness. Together with the waste brine from which it has extracted sodium
sulfate, the combine discards enormous quantities of valuable compounds.
Thus, every year, there are irrevocably lost in this manner: 70,000 tons
of magnesium sulfate, 250,000 tons of magnesium chloride, up to 750 tons
of bromine, 5,500 tons of magnesium concentrate, and hundreds of tons of
other salts. The total value of these materials lost as "?waste" is ac-
cording to the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for the Study of
Halurgy (VNXIOa), about 15 million rubles or 2.5 times as much as the
value of the sodium sulfate produced.
This situation could be remedied by creating all-round brine process-
ing facilities at a capital investment cost of about 28 million rubles,
according to IGa, and annual operating costs of 19 million rubles* it
is clear, then, that both capital investment and operating costs could be
recovered almost in full during the first year of operations.
Only through the installation of new, modern technological processes
will it be possible for the Kara-Borgas-Cobol' to assume its natural
position as a supplier of unlimited amounts of Valuable chemical products.
'.Whereby the enterprise would be freed from the influence of natural condi-
tions., such as the frequent sandstorms}, which now limit the quality of the
sodium sulfate produced, and it would also be able to take advantage of
such favorable climatic conditions as the high temperatures and dry atmos-
phere which prevail there in summer.
Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya Iskra, 8 Apr 60
The new season for basin method production of sodium sulfate is ap-
proaching in the Turkmen SSR. The workers of the Ksrabogaz Sulfate Combine
are exerting all their efforts to complete the preparatory work while at
the same time continuing to ship the valuable raw material to chemical
enterprises of the country.
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Petrochemicals
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COUNCIL APPROVES CONSTRUCTION OF COMBINE m- Leeningradskaya Pravda, 9 Apr
60
Geodesists have arrived in the outskirts of Sumgait, at a point beyond
the Sumgait-chat' River. There, on an area of 6 sq'km, a petrochemical
combine will be created.
The Council of Ministers Azerbaydzhan SSR has confirmed the planned
task of constructing this giant enterprise. Capital investment in this
construction project will exceed the cost of all existing industry in
Sumgait.
The petrochemical combine will produce plastics, artificial fibers,
lavsan, fertilizers, and urea. From products made by the combine, artifi-
cial fabrics and leather, dishware, carpets, insulation and building
materials, and sanitary engineering equipment will be manufactured. The
combine will operate on local raw material, natural gas$ and condensate.
The first units of the combine will go into operation in 1961 and
the first complex of the enterprise by 1965.
Synthetic Rubber
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STERLITAMAK PLEA.' BEGINS O WPUT ?m Moscow, Pravda, 14+ Apr 60
With raw material brought in from elsewhere, initial production of
synthetic rubber was undertaken on 12 April 1960 at the Sterlitamak Syn-
thetic Rubber Plant in the Bashkirskaya ASSR. Over a period of days,
the shops and other buildings composing the first stage of the plant
had been brought into operation. Work is proceeding on an experimental
shop, where production of the newest kinds of rubber will be mastered.
The plant has a powerful refrigeration system to keep the liquefied
gases, which the plant will process, at subzero temperatures.
Moscow, Izvestiya, 14 Apr 60
Indicative of the size of the Sterlitamak Synthetic Rubber Plant is
the installation of 575 compressors and pumps; over 13,000 control and
measuring instruments; more than 1,6000 columns, reactors, and other
items of chemical equipment; ]A2 units of hoist and transport equipment;
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1,035 units of sanitary engineering equipment; and over 35,000 valve fit-
tings in the dozens of buildings and laboratories which make up the first
stage of the plant. The total length of all underground, aerial, and
intrashop communications exceeds 250 km.
Butane gas was the raw material from which the initial production of
synthetic rubber was obtained.
Over 300 construction workers remain to complete the first stage of
the plant, while the main body of workers is now working on the second
stage. The second stage will occupy an area of 110 hectares and will have
buildings 350 meters or more in length. Construction will be in reliable
hands; almost all of the workers have either 7-year or 10-year educations.
Rubber Products
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HIGH RATING FOR NEW TIRE PLANT -- Moscow, Pravda, 14 Apr 60
The Krasnoyarsk Tire Plant has gone into operation. From the point
of view of equipment, process automation, and capacity, the tire plant
is one of the best USSR chemical industry enterprises. The tire building
shop was equipped entirely with machines made in the USSR.
TESTS CONFIRM NEW TIRE PRODUCTION PROCESS -- Leningradskaya Pravda, 31 Mar
6o
To test r set of tires, a ZIL-150 truck recently ran hundreds of
kilometers over asphalt, gravel, and bumpy dirt roads. Then the tires
were dismounted and sent to the tire institute for examination. It was
found that these tires showed 20 percent greater resistance to wear than
ordinary tires. These tires had been manufactured with high-frequency
current.
Rubber products are usually heated before vulcanization takes place.
Since the heating period is rather lengthy, the products lose same of
their quality. The Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry
developed a new method of rapid heating by using high-frequency current.
When tires are heated in 3 to 3 1/2 minutes by this method, there is an
appreciable improvement in their quality.
SHOE SOLE MATERIAL LASTS LONGER -- Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 8 Apr 60
Among the products of the Kiev Reclaimed Rubber Plant is an unusual
shoe sole material. Raw materials for the product are synthetic rubber
and plastics, which are obtained from coal tar and gas. Tests have shown
that soles made from the new shoe sole material last more than three times
as long as soles made from natural leather.
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Artificial and Synthetic Fibers
KURSK PLANT TO PRODUCE LAVSAN -- Moscow, Izvestiya, 15 Apr 60
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The builders of the Kursk Synthetic Fiber Plant have pledged to get
experimental lavsan production under way in April 1960; and to complete
construction of the main building by the end of 1960.
1ERST PRODUCTION LINE AT ENGEL'S COMBINE IN OPERATION -- Moscow, Stroitel'-
naya Gazeta, 22 Apr 60
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The first industrial technological capron production line went into
operation on 21 April at the combine being built in Engel's for the pro-
duction of artificial and synthetic fibers. This event marked the begin-
ning of getting another USSR large-scale chemical enterprise into operation.
RYAZAN' PLANT ANNOUNCES FIRST VISCOSE FIBER LINE Moscow, Stroitel'naya
Gazeta, 1 May 60
On 27 April, 2 months ahead of scheduler a technological line went
into operation and produced the first viscose fiber at the Ryazan' Artifi-
cial Fiber Plant.
This event was announced to N. S. Khrushchev in a letter from officials
of the fibers plant, the builders of the plant, oblast and city party com-
mittees, Komsomol committee, and the sovnarkhoz. The letter noted that
all of the production buildings and other installations necessary for oper-
ating the first stage of the plant had been built.
Thus, there went into operation in Ryazan' a large new enterprise of
the USSR chemical industry. The first stage of the Novo-Ryazan' TETs
(Heat and Electric Power Station) was built to supply the plant with
electric power and steam. More than 370 USSR enterprises took part in
producing and supplying equipment for the Ryazan' fiber plant.
The letter states that the builders of the plant have pledged to com-
plete construction of the Ryazan' Artificial Fiber Plant at its full de-
signed capacity in 1960, 3 months ahead of schedule.
Moscow, Pravda, 1 May 60
The main building of the Ryazan' Artificial Fiber Plant contains an
area of 76,000 sq m; 11 production shops have been set up in the building
and 9,700 units of technological, power, hoisting, transporting, and other
equipment have been installed in it.
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More than 30,000 cu m of precast reinforced concrete were used to
construct the buildings of ii:e.plant.
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Two turbogene?ators with a total capacity of 50,000 kw have gone into
operation, at the first stage of the Novo-Ryazan' TETs. Water pumping fa-
cilities with a capacity of 19,000 cu m per hour have been constructed on
the Oka River; a 12-km pipeline and purification facilities have also been
constructed. About 110 km of piping was laid and 45 km of access roads
were built in connection with the construction of these installations.
Among the 370 suppliers of equipment for the fiber plant were the
Leningrad Hoist and Transport Equipment Plant imeni Kirov, the Leningrad
Plant iueni Karl Marx, and the Moscow Compressor Plant.
Specialized construction work was done by organizations of the Ministry
of Construction RSFSR, the Ministry of Construction of Electric Power Sta-
tions USSR, and the Ministry of Transport Construction USSR.'
NEW PLANT WILL USE CAPROLACTAM Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 27 Apr 60
In the next few years, the production of caprolactam will be under-
taken and a synthetic fiber plant will go into operation in Rustavi,
Georgian SSR.
Caprolactazn will be produced in a group of shops at the Rustavi
Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant. Phenol, the principal raw material, will be
obtained from a plant in Groznyy. Ammonium and hydrogen are produced
by the nitrogen fertilizer plant. The caprolactam will be transported
in liquid form through pipes to the adjoining fiber plant.
The caprolactam shops construction site covers 10 hectares, and the
synthetic fiber plant will be built on a 30-hectare area.
CAPRON COMBINE UNDER WAY -- Riga, Sovetskaya Latviaa, 16 Apr 60
A 31-hectare tract in the northeastern outskirts of Daugavpils,
Latvian SSR, has been prepared for construction of the Daugavpils Syn-
thetic Fiber Combine. The stonewalls of the plant's buildings are
being raised. Construction of the plant is a Komsomol project. Near
the plant site, a new city is under development; the plant's thousands
of workers and employees will be its inhabitants. The plant will pro-
duce capron and the cord fabric,.which is needed for motor vehicle tire
manufacture.
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Plastics
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NEW ANTICORROSION, BINDING MATERIALS DEVELOPED -- Alma-Ata, Narodnoye
Khozyaystvo Kazakhstana, No 1, Jan 60, p 91
A new anticorrosion material for underground pipelines has been de-
veloped jointly by the Institute of Chemical Sciences of the Academy of
Sciences Kazakh SSR, the Novosibirsk Plastics Plant, and the Institute of
Petroleum of the Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSR.
The new insulation material is produced from. polyvinyl chloride resin,
a product made of gases resulting from petroleum refining. The resin is
mixed in a special installation with plasticizers and a stabilizer to im-
part plasticity to the material; thereupon., the material is pressed and
calendered to the desired 0.5-mm thickness and the desired width, and is
then rolled up in the form of a belt or tape. A special glue is used to
attach the insulation material to the pipe.
Thus far, asphalt has been used as an anticorrosion pipe coating mate-
rial. However, the application of asphalt is costly, laborious, and even
dangerous; the process requires a large amount of asphalt and, since it
is applied hot, the workers must be provided with a boiler to keep the
asphalt in liquid form. Also, even if several coats of asphalt are applied
the asphalt coating breaks down in 5-8 years; the. pipe begins to rust and
eventually requires replacement. The state now expends many millions of
rubles for pipeline repairs. The new insulation method requires a rela*
tively small amount of material, which is applied to the pipe without any
heat whatsoever and which will last 15-20 years.
The plastic insulation tape was used for the first time to wrap pipe
laid in several sections of the Gur`yev-Orsk oil pipeline. Observations
have indicated a high degree of effectiveness against corrosion, and use
of the new insulation material in place of asphalt coatings is recommended
by the Institute of Chemical Sciences.
The Plastics Laboratory of the Institute of Chemical Sciences Kazakh
SSR has also discovered an interesting method of 'producing plastics. An
oil refining by-product produced in large quantities is the so-called
tarry residue. Even though some of the tarry residue is used to produce
various kinds of asphalts and as fuel, huge quantities of this by-product
accumulate at the oil refineries.
Laboratory personnel have developed a method of obtaining from the
petroleum residue binding materials for the production of various kinds
of plastics. According to this method, the semiliquid tarry residue is
heated to 270 degrees; then air is blown through it with the aid of a
special apparatus. As a result of oxidation which takes place in the
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tarry liquid, components of this raw material thicken and the result is
a high molecular product which on cooling becomes a hard mass. The soften-
ing temperature of this product, that is; the temperature at which it
changes from a hard to a semiliquid state, is 120-130 degrees. This kind
of binding material is produced by the'Orsk Oil Refinery.
Mixing the binding material gust described with mineral and fiber
fillers and pressing the.=mixture results in a plastic which, according
to tests made jointly with the Moscow Plastics Institute, is fully suita-
ble for the production of battery cases. The Podol?sk Battery Plant has
produced the first batteries from the new plastic, and the batteries are
now being tested in motor vehicles in various parts of the country.
Tests of the binding material made at the Chekhov Reclaimed Rubber
Plant of the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz indicated that it was suitable also
as a component for production of waterproof ro ifing materials and asphalt-
rubber linoleums.
The laboratory is now proceeding, on the basis of the binding mate--
rials it has produced, tb do t7e~i;.? methods for producing foam plastics
useful as building materials.
PLANT PRODUCES NEW PLASTIC PRODUCTS 4'Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya,
2Apr60
Unusual tiles for facing the walls of kitchens and, bathrooms have
appeared in the stores of the Moldavian SSE. Made in various colors,
shiny, and almost weightless, they :also study and low in price, The
tiles are made from a synthetic substance in a new plastics products shop
at the Strasheny Construction Materials Plant.
The shops will produce also other building materials from polystyrene,
capron, and polyethylene. The first door knobs have already been produced.
Production of water faucets and window latches is being mastered, and out-
put of sanitary engineering products and furniture accessories is being
planned.
The enterprise will produce many other products, including dishes and
containers for serving jams and jellies from crystal-clear polystyrene,
and combs, clothespins, and even beach shoes from colored polyethylene...
The plastics products shop has been fitted out with the latest equip-
ment. It will be housed in a new building before the end of 1960.
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PLASTICS FROM SHALE RAW MATERIALS GIVEN HIGH RATING -- Tallin, Sovetskaya
Estoniaa, 2 Apr 60
The Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Estonian SSR, is eqn-
ducting experiments at the Kiviyli Chemical Combine to obtain dibasic
acids from'shale. These acids are being produced from a concentrate of
,.an organic substance in shale. The technological process differs consid-
erably from the thermal shale processing method.
Dibasic acids are a valuable ra r material. They represent a starting
substance for obtaining plastics and artificial fibers. Specialists of
the Moscow Plastics Institute gave a high rating to plastics made from
shale-derived dibasic acids. The plastics possess good thermal qualities.
The Seven-Year Plan provides for construction of a shop at the Kiviyli
Chemical Combine for the production of dibasic acids from shale.
GREATER FURFt3RAL 0
Vostoka, 20 Mar 60
TO INCREASE PLASTICS PRODUCTION -- Tashkent, Pravda
Specialists of the'Fergana Hydrolysis Plant and scientists of the
plant's polymer laboratory, which is a branch of the All-Union Scientific
Research Institute of Plastic Materials, have developed technology for
obtaining from furfural dozens of organic compounds for the production of
heat-resistant plastics, long-lasting anticorrosion coatings, and artifi-
cial resins.
Actual capacity of the furfural shop has become almost ten times the
planned capacity and furfural cost has been reduced 20 percent. This has
been a result of the introduction of new equipment and technology developed
by the Fergana specialists.
Increasing output of furfural has provided the possibility of develop-
ing industrial technology for the production, {a ,it9na1 synthetic products,
including heat-resistant varnishes?
Mineral Fertilizers
LONG-LASTING FERTILIZER DEVELOPED -- Vienna, Osthande.l,.No 3, Mar 6O
A concentrated nitrogen fertilizer effective for several years has
been developed by the Research Institute for Fertilizers and-Agricultural
Soils (Agroboden) in the USSR. It is based on the polymerization of ureas
and formaldehyde and contains up to 40 percent nitrogen. At the time of
initial application, only about 2 percent of the nitrogen is~released by
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water action and the rest dissolves gradually. Fertilization with urea
formaldehyde results in increased yields for 2-3 years, even on light
soils from which water-rsofiub1:b, nitrogen compounds are usually leached
very easily. Favorable results have been obtained in connection with
wheat, oats, grasses, and other plants,
ADVANTAGES OF APATITE OVER PHOSPHATE ROCK -- Vienna, Osthandel, No 4/5,
Apr-May 60
The most important apatite deposits of the USSR are on the Kola Penin-
sula. The concentrate obtained from the crude ore is used in the production
of many fertilizers, such as superphosphate, double superphosphate, calcined
phosphate, ~a,mmonium phosphate, calcium phosphate, etc.
Soviet apatite concentrate contains 84+-86 percent Ca3(PO4)2 and 1-3
percent H2O.
Apatite concentrate has the following advantages over phosphate rock:
1. About 10-35 percent sulfuric acid per unit of phosphoric anhydride
is saved in the production of ordinary superphosphate from apatite concen-
trate, as compared with the processing of phosphate rock.
2. More than 374 kg of phosphoric anhydride is produced from a ton
of apatite concentrate, as compared with about 340 kg of phosphoric anhy-
dride from a ton of phosphate rock..,.
3. Calcined phosphate produced from apatite concentrate contains
about 30-.32 percent phosphoric anhydride in the finished product.
4. Apatite concentrate is the better raw material for production of
concentrated phosphoric acid in the sulfuric acid process, The concentrated
phosphoric acid so produced contains ,only small amounts of impurities.
When the phosphoric acid is used to produce double superphosphate or ammo-
nium phosphate, the fertilizer contains 48-52 percent phosphoric anhydride.
Apatite concentrate may be used equally successfully for the production
nf r h= nr1 1 nr nc ~Hnr~tic yj3, t, ~f'r i+.i1i 7cr
The d a%ath Iu-m. eiextracted [by Osthandel] from Leitfaden fuer Im-
porte aus der UdSSR (Guide fbr laport's From the USSR), Deutscher Wirtschaf
tsdienst (German Economic Service) GmbH, Cologne, 160 pp, DM 6.80<
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Carbon Black
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PLANT EXPERIMENTS WITH REFINERY BY-PRODUCTS -- Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya,
1 Apr 60
The IzJt . Carbon Black Plant, Komi ASSR, prQ. lies cax ?t :b t .z to 1
gas. However, experiments are being conducted to make use of oil refinery
by-products for carbon black production. For example, two furnaces are
being used for experimental output of carbon black from a mixture of gas
and mazut. Results have been favorable, and soon all 14 furnaces will
operate on. this raw material.
Chemical Equipment
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INSTITUTE NEEDS SPECIALISTS -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 26 Dec
59
The Kazgiprokhinimash [Kazakh State Institute for Planning Chemical
Machine Building Plants?] is advertising for qualified engineers, designers,
and, technicians. Applicants are urged to write to Alma-Ata, [ulitsa} Kal-
inina, 158.
UNEDUCATED "SPECIALISTS" AT DNEPROPETROVSK PLANT -- Kiev, Pravda Ml.rainy,
14 Jan 60
culturist has a position as design-engineer, a, ft rmer,livestock expert
has a job as a designer at the technical-division of the; plant, and a
former feldsher works as an engineer technol!pgisst.
an 8-7 and even L+-year elementary education. For example, a former ag .-
The Dnepropetrovsk Motor Vehicle Aggregate Plant has fulfilled it
1959 plan for the production of chemical equipment only 68 percent. A
contributing factor to the nonfulfillment is that 130 engineering and
technical positions at the plant are occupied by individuals with only
NEW POWERFUL NITROGEN COMPRESSOR DESIGNED -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 24 Feb 60
The Penza Compressor Plant has made a powerful ZG-220/13 compressor
designed for the delivery of 13,200 cu m of nitrogen gas per hour into
the manufacturing system of chemical plants. It will replace 2-3 medium-
capacity compressors.
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PLANTS TO PRODUCE EQUIPMENT AND COMPRESSORS -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 16 Mar 60
The enterprises of Lipetsk, Yelets, Lebedyan', and Chaplygin will
produce improved models of tractors, high-precision surface-grinding
machines, piston and centrifugal compressors for the chemical industry,
and instruments for foundry production.
These plants will be equipped with 30 mechanized and automatic lines,
175 special and unit-type machine tools, and 42 automatic machine tools.
EXPANSION AND REMODELING OF ODESSA PLANTS -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 23 Mar 60
The Odessa Avtogenmash Plant has specialized in the production of
industrial oxygen- and nitrogen-making installations, as well as various
automatic equipment for gas-flame processing of metal.
In 1959, the plant put into operation a group of machiner shops with
a total floor area of 10,000 sq in.
Construction of two more, even larger, production buildings will be
completed in 1960.
The Odessa Refrigeration Machinery Plant, specializing in the Produc-
tion of industrial refrigeration installations and air-conditioning equip-
ment, is being radically remodeled.
SVERDLOVSK PLANT PRODUCES OXYGEN EQUIPMENT -- Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Litva,
23 Mar 60
The Shyaulyay Bicycle Plant has put in operation a new oxygen station
Equipment for the station was produced by the Sverdlovsk Oxygen Plant.
CLAY PUMPS PRODUCED BY CERAMIC INSULATORS COMBINE - Moscow, Pr6myshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 30 Mar 60
The Slavyansk Ceramic Insulators Combine has made new corrosion-
resistant pumps for acids. All parts of these pumps, with the exception
of electric motors and ball bearings, are made of clay. They have a
,service life ten times as'long as the conventional pumps, and cost only
as much to produce.
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NEW PTMT PRODUCES CHEMICAL MACHINERY -- Leningradskaya Pravda, 13 Apr 60
The Pskov Machine Building Plant is currently under construction, but
it is already producing machinery for the manufacture of chemical fibers.
N. P. Solnyshkin, the plant's chief engineer, has stated that the
plant has the capability of utilizing tens of thousands of square meters
of its floor space for the production of machinery.
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II. OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES
Production
PROJECTED PLANS FOR USSR OIL, GAS INDUSTRIES INDICATE FASTER GROWTH IN
1960 -- Moscow, Neftyanoye Khozyaystvo, No 1, Jan 60, pp 1-12
Since 1946, the USSR has been catching up rapidly with the US in
oil production. Although the US still leads the USSR in output, the
USSR has narrowed the production gap between the two countries from an
11:1 ratio in 1946 to a 2.7:1 ratio in 1959" In 1955, the US was ahead
by a 5:1 ratio.
C PYRG HT . During 1956-1959, the annual output of the USSR increased more than
58 million tons, whereas that of the US remained virtually unchanged.
In 1958, the USSR accounted for about'60 percent of the increase in oil
production throughout the world.
In 1959, the USSR produced more than 129 million tons of crude oil,
about 1.5 million tons more than planned and about 16 million tons more
than it produced in 1958. The goal for 1960 has been set at 1l4- million
tons, 11.2 percent more than the 1959 output.
Drilling has been much more effective in the USSR than in the US.
During 1956-1958, the USSR extracted 18 tons of crude oil for each meter
drilled, as against the US output of only 6 tons per meter of drilling.
The 1960 oil production goal of the USSR is in line with the con-
trol ;figures set by the Seven-Year Plan, but original targets for some
union republics have` been scaled down because of oil field development
conditions. For example, the Seven-Year Plan set a target figure of
608,000 tons for Kirgizia, but this figure has since been lowered to
1-1t8,OOO tons because the republic's Izbaskent Oil Field started to flood
rapidly. The difference of 160,000 tons is to be made up by increasing
production somewhat over the figures set originally by the Seven-Year
Plan for the RSFSR,. Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan.
Under the new schedule, 1960 production is to be distributed as
follows (in million tons):
RSFSR Over 115.00
Azerbaydzhan 17.76
Turkmenistan 4.95
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Ukraine
2.10
Kazakhstan
1.60
Uzbekistan
1.58
Under the new schedule, the RSFSR is expected to supply 80.21 per-
cent of the USSR 1960 oil production, as against 97.29 percent in 1959,
and the Ukraine is to supple 1.116 percent, as against 1.26 percent in
1959. The other republics will produce somewhat smaller percentages
of the USSR output in 1960 than in 1959.
A total of 70.7 percent of the USSR production is expected to come
from the European USSR areas (excluding the Ural Mountain region), as
against 70.3 percent in :1.959 and 69.8 percent in 1958.
The planned output of 144 million tons is expected to meet com-
pletely the demands of the Soviet economy for crude oil and petroleum
products, as well as the Soviet Union's other requirements for these
commodities.
[Note: The other requirements may mean shipments, possibly even
larger than before, of crude oil and petroleum products abroad. Oil is
being exported to several countries of the Free World, including some
in Latin America, the latest of which is Cuba.]
An 11.2-percent increase in crude oil production is expected in
1960 with only a 2-percent increase in development drilling over the
1959 level. The Seven-.Year Plan originally set the development drill-
.ing goal for 1960 at 3,727,000 meters, but this figure has since been
reduced to 3,516,000 meters. The new figure compares with 3,442,0OO
meters of drilling in 1959.
Water flood projects are scheduled to produce 68 percent of the
1960 crude oil, with water injection slated to rise to 202 million cu m
from the 163 million cu m injected in 1959.
Up to 3,000 fracturing jobs are scheduled on the oil wells in 1960.
Some 1,050-1,100 oil wells are to be equipped with electric pumps, 100
wells with hydraulic piston pumps, and 3,500 wells with automatic and
remote control equipment. oil desalting and stabilizing units are sche-
duled for construction at the fields, and crude oil desalting and dehy-
dration at the fields is scheduled to increase to 12 million tons, from
6 million tons in 1959.
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In 1960, ten percent more crude oil is to be refined than in 1959.
The output of light products is scheduled to increase 9 percent; lute
oils, 10 percent; fuel oil, 11 percent; diesel fuel and diesel oil,,
15 percent; and motor gasoline, 8 percent. Output of tractor kerosene
is to be 35 percent lower than in 1959 because of declining demands for
this product. The growth planned for refining in the RSFSR, the Ukraine,
and Uzbekistan is higher than the average planned for the Soviet Union
generally. There is to be considerably more refining of crude oil also
in Azerbaydzhan, but only insignificant increases in refining are planned
for Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan.
The 1960 schedule calls for an increase in primary distillation
capacity. The lag in oil refinery construction during recent years has
created a gap between the growth in oil production and the growth in
refining capacity. The disparity between the two must be overcome.
New catalytic reforming hydrofining,: carbamide dewa?cin, and other types
of units are to be placed on stream in 1960. Considerably more capacity
is also planned for the selective refining of lube oils.
The demand for diesel fuel has been sharply outstripping the demand
for motor gasoline; hence, some motor gasoline must be used in diesel
fuel -to produce an off-standard diesel fuel. Measures are being developed
to increase the output of diesel fuel in 1960 through a reduction in the
output of motor gasoline. It has also been proposed that motor gasoline
consumption be increased by using diesel fuel of a wider fraction in
existing motor vehicles and tractors, and by using a blend of motor gaso
line and diesel fuel in a number of diesel engines.
The 1960 schedule calls for the extraction of 53.2 billion cu in of
gas, nearly 40 percent more than in 1959, and some 15.1 percent more
capital is to be invested for the expansion of the gas industry.
As previously, most of the 1960 gas output is scheduled to come
from the RSFSR and the Ukraine. The USSR expects its commercial gas
reserves to increase 396 billion cu in, as against increases of 501
billion cu m in 1959 and 316.9 billion cu m in 1958. Initially, 'gas
reserves in 1959 were to have increased 359 billion cu m, but this fig-
ure was exceeded because the exploration of the Gazli field in Uzbekistan
was completed ahead of schedule and because the reserves found during
the exploration of' the Shebelinka field in the Ukraine were larger than
anticipated.
During 1960, the Soviet Union plans to drill 605 exploratory gas
wells totaling 1,295,000 meters. Its commercial gas reserves are ex-
pected to increase to 1.81 trillion cu in by the end of the year, as
against its reserves of 988 billion cu m at the end of 1958 and 588
billion cu m at 'the end of 1956.
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The 1960 schedule for the construction of gas fields and major gas
lines and for the expansion of gasification in the USSR is in line with
the control figures set by the Seven-Year Plan.
The 1960 gas extraction goal is based on the expectation that all
the electric-drive and gas-drive turbine equipment already assembled at
the compressor stations or scheduled for delivery, assembly, and opera-
tion in 1960 will operate continuously, and also that the major gas
lines will operate at full capacity.`
The shortage of equipment, particularly compressor units for the
compressor stations along the major gas lines, has been the main reason
for the failure of the gas industry to expand more than it has during
the years through 1959.
Along with building new gas fields and building up the existing gas
fields, in 1960 the USSR plans to build natural gasoline plants in Karadag
and Siazan', Azerbaydzhan; in Minnibayevo, Tatarskaya ASSR; in Mukhanovo,
Kuybyshevskaya Oblast; in Shkapovo, Bashkirskaya ASSR; and in Dolina,
Ukraine.
The 1960 oil and gas drilling schedule calls for a total of 8,356,000
meters of holes, 1. e., 613,000 meters of 8 percent more than drilled in
1959? Exploration drilling is to account for 4,608,000 meters of the
total, an increase from the 4,094+,000 meters of exploration drilling in
1959, when it surpassed development drilling for the first time. For
each meter of development well, 1.23 meters of exploratory well is to be
drilled.
Some 2,805,000 meters of the 1960 oil and gas drilling is to be of
the slim-hole category, or 33.6 percent of the total, an increase from
16.1 percent of the total in 1959.
Exploration for oil and gas in 1960 is to be distributed as follows
(in meters):
RSFSR
3,050,000
Ukraine
4-30,000
Azerbaydzhan
390,000
Uzbekistan
225,000
Turkmenistan
175,000
Kazakhstan
175,000
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Belorussia
20,000
Tadzhikistan
19,000
Georgia
15,000
Moldavia
10,000
Armenia
5,000
The 1960 drilling schedule also calls for the in Administration
of the Gas Industry USSR to drill 50,000 meters of holes to search for
structures for the storage of gas underground.
More twin well drilling is planned for 1960 in order to save on
expenditures for building up the fields. %
The industry is to be supplied with about 100 electrodrills, and
some 300,000 meters of electrodrilling is planned for 1960, a.220,000-
meter increase over 1959.: About 125 of the BU-50 and BU-75 rigs, along
with 3,750 small-diameter turbodrills, are to be manufactured for slim
hole drilling. The 8-percent gain expected in total drilling during
1960 is to be achieved by an increase in drilling speed. The number of
drilling rigs in service is expected to remain at about the same level
as in 1959, although about 400 new rigs are to be delivered, primarily
as replacements for obsolete equipment.
Drilling performance has increased steadily since 1950. Develop-
ment drilling per rig-month has increased from 636 meters in 1950 to
1,085 meters in 1959. During the same period, performance on wildcat
wells has increased from 208 meters per rig-moati o 418 meters per
rig-month. These faster drilling speeds represent gains of 72 percent
and 102 percent, respectively. The performance in the Tatarskaya',ASSR
during this period was even better, having increased from 418 meters to
1,438 meters per rig-month in development and from 233 meters to 803
meters per rig-month in wildcat drilling. Some of the crews in this re-
public drilled at the rate of 3,000-4,000 meters and more per rig-month.
Despite the gains in 1959 and the expectations for 1960, there are
several major drawbacks in drilling. A large amount of metal is lost
each year in the wildcat. wells. Casing is lowered into about 70 per-
cent of these holes, some 40-50 percent of which turn out to be dry..
Mechanisms and tools must be,;developed for recovering this casing so
that it can be used again.
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In the Tatarskaya ASSR, 560 development wells were drilled in 21,000
rig-days in 1958, but 29,400 more rig-days were spent in testing, or
simply in idleness, on the holes -- an average of about 52 days per well.
In the same year, an average of 54 days per well were spent in this man-
ner in Azerbaydzban, 29 days in Uzbekistan, 23 days in Kazakhstan, 16
days in the Ukraine, 24 1/2 days'in Kuybyshevskaya Oblast, 20 days in
Stavropol'skiy Kray, and 16 days in the Checheno-Ingushskaya ASSR.
Some development wells are idle for months after drilling until water
flooding increases pressure sufficient to promote natural flow. other
delays are caused by an acute.shortage of centrifugal pumps, delays in
laying field lines, and installation of pumping jacks, traps, and other
surface facilities.
Actual drilling time on an average Soviet well decreased 48.5 per-
cent from 1950 to 1958. Cementing time was reduced 35.7 percent during
the same period, and repair work decreased 12.9 percent, but round-trip
time increased 30.2 percent and the time spent on auxiliary work remained
virtually unchanged.
Drilling
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11 NEW OIL WELLS PLACED ON STREAK! IN EMBA BASIN IN LESS THAN 3 INT-JS --
Alma Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 20 Mar 60
Gur'yev -- The drillers in the Emba Basin have placed 11 new oil
wells in service since the beginning of 1960. A drilling crew has re-
cently completed a well to a depth of 550 meters at the Karsak Oil
Field in less than half the time planned. The Kazakhstanneft' Asso-
ciation fulfilled its first-quarter goal for exploratory and develop-
ment drilling ahead of schedule. The association has already drilled
hundreds of meters of wells scheduled for April.
16 OIL WELLS TO BE DRILLED FROM ONE. BASE AT AZERBAYDZHAN`OFFSHORE FIELD --
,Moscow, V:chernyaya Moskva, 23 Max 60
A large steel inlet [platform] has been built at the Neftyanoye
Kamni Oil Field, offshore from Baku,, for use as a base from which to
drill a cluster of 16 directional oil wells. The drilling of the first
two wells has already been started.
[Note: In cluster drilling, sometimes referred to as group-well
drilling, the'wells are drilled simultaneously it clusters or groups
of two, three, etc.]
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Discoveries
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OIL FOUND AT LARGEST SOVIET CHAS FIELD r- Stalinabad, Kommunist Tadzhi-
kistana, 17 Mar 60
Gazli -- Six promising oil pools have been exposed recently be-
neath the gas-bearing strata of the Gazli Gas Field. The field, the
largest natural gas field in the USSR, was discovered about 3 years
ago in the Kyzylkum desert of Bukharskaya Oblast in Uzbekistan.
NEW OIL FIELD..FOUND IN Kr BXSIEV AREA -- Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 19 Mar
6o
Kuybyshev -- The transportation of crude oil has been started through
a pipeline laid from the village of Alakayevka, near which an oil field
has been discovered. Two wells are already producing large quantities
of oil, whereas a third well is being prepared for production. The drill-
ing of several more wells is under way.
Pipeline Construction
CPYRGHT
PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION GOAL OF SEVEN-YEAR PLAN MAY BE SURPASSED -- Moscow,
Stroitel'stvo Truboprovodov, No 2, Feb 60, p 2
Based on the results of 1959, the Soviet Union may surpass its 1959-
1965 goal for pipeline construction. It appears possible that the Gor`kiy-
Cherepovets gas line, which is to run through Vladimir, Ivanovo, and
Yaroslavl', can be built 2 years ahead of the original schedule, The
construction schedule for some other gas lines, especially the Berezovo-
Sverdlovsk and Gazli-Urals lines, may also be changed. [Note: It has
been reported that the 2,100-km dual gas line from Gazii in Uzbekistan
to the Urals, with one line to run to Chelyabinsk and the other line to
Sverdlovsk, will be the largest trunk gas line in the USSR.]
In 1960, the USSR plans to place in service about 6,000 km of major
pipelines, including about 4,000 km of major and lateral gas lines. Some
of the important gas lines on which construction is to be under way in
1960 are the Saratov-Gor'kiy, Dashava-Minsk, Akstafa-Yerevan, Dzharkak-
Samarkand-Tashkent, Krasnodarskiy Kray-Rostov-Lugansk-Serpukhov, Shebelinka-
Ostrogozhsk, and Gazli-Urals lines.
A 30-percent increase is planned in oil line construction for 1960,
with about 2,000 km of oil lines scheduled to go in service during the
year. One of these lines is the 800-km Novosibirsk-Krasnoyarsk line,
which is to go in service during the third quarter of 1960. During the
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year, a 331-km oil line is to be built also from Ishimbay to Orsk.
Petroleum product lines slated for construction are: a 415-km line
from Gortkiy to Ryazan', a 194-km line from Ozek Suat to Groznyy, and
a 3t-2-km line from Penza to Michurinsk.
The 1960 schedule also calls for the construction of more than 50
pumping and compressor stations, 29 of which are to be compressor eta-
tions. During the year, the gas industry must acquire the know-how of
using new gas turbines. In 1959, these. efforts were unsuccessful because
of large structural defects in the machinery.
TRANS-SIBERIAN PIPELINE TO OPEN BEYOND KWNOYARSK IN 1960 -- Leningrad-
skaya Pravda, 12 Apr 60
The Tuymazy-Irkutsk oil line, construction of which is proceeding
at full speed, is slated to open in 1960 as far as Uyar. Most of the
pipe from the western boundary of Krasnoyarskiy Kray to Krasnoyarsk
has already been laid. The eastern sector is now being prepared in-
tensively by clearing away the breakthrough and by placing pipe along
the projected route.
(Note: The construction of.the 3,700-km oil line, to be the longest
in the USSR, is scheduled for completion in 1962.1
Expansion
CPYRGHT
EXPANSION OF PETROLEUM BULK PLANTS IS PROBLEM IN .ENEMA -- Yerevan, Kom-
munist, 8 Apr 60
Storage capacity has doubled in the past 5 years at the Armenian
petroleum bulk plants. Measures have been taken to mechanize production,
and the receipt and delivery of,petroleum products have been improved and
speeded.
Nevertheless, a majority of the bulk plants are inadequately equipped
with the necessary storage tanks. Some plants lack steam boiler facilities,
heavy duty unloading pumps, and loading and unloading and other types of
facilitics~. None of the plants mix fuel or regenerate and pruify lube oil.
The initial cargo turnover of the Yerevan bulk plant, the largest in
Armenia, is 30 times as large as when the plant was built in 1922. New
storage tanks were built, the receipt and delivery of petroleum products
and lube oil were mechanized, and large steam boiler facilities for the
heating of viscous petroleum products were installed. However, because
of the limited site, the plant. is heavily overloaded, yet further expansion
of storage capacity is impossible.
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The completion of the new Kirovakan Bulk Plant also poses a problem.
The present plant is located on a site surrounded by dwellings and by
warehouse installations of various organizations and private owners. It
lacks fire-fightifig apparatus. The limited size of the site and the lack
of necessary storage space makes it impossible to meet the demands of the
industry and agriculture of Kirovakan and the neighboring areas. Construc-
tion of the new plant began in 1958 but, in 3 years, only 1,110,000 rubles
of the 4+.5 million rubles estimated for construction has been appropriated.
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III. SOLID FUELS
Coal Fields
PECHORA. COAL BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry), book
by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958
Mining was started at the Pechora basin during World War II. Comple-
tion of the construction of the Vorkuta-Kotlas Railroad was of great im-
portance for the development of mining. At present, the coal industry of
the basin is responsible for about 30 percent of the total gross production
of the Komi ASSR.
A great part of the Pechora basin coal is lignite and semibituminous,
and a smaller part (about one fourth of all reserves) is bituminous. At
present, mostly steam-fat, gas, and long-flame coal is being extracted.
Coal is being mined in seams 0.5-4.5 meters thick, with the average thick-
ness being .1.47 meters.
The dip of the seams is mostly gentle. The calorific value of the
coal is 7,400-8,500 cal/kg in the combustible part of the industrial prod-
uct and an average of 6,527 cal/kg in the industrial fuel (type PZh).
The coal output in the Pechora basin amounted to 273,000 tons in 1940,
8,688,000 tons in 1950, and 15,433,000 tons in 1956.
During World War II, its chief consumers were industrial enterprises
and the city economy of Leningrad, railroads of the northwestern part of
the USSR, and the northern maritime fleet. After the war, Pechora coal
became a fuel base for the restoration and development of the national
economy of the: northwestern and northern regions of the USSR, and Lenin-
grad, which is responsible for about 90 percent of the entire consumption
of coal of this basin.
The large consumers of Pechora coal are railroad transport and elec-
tric power stations. However, in the near future the structure of Pechora
coal consumption should be changed considerably.
In the first place, the presence, in the Pechora basin, of large re-
serves of coking coals which are in short supply in other coal basins,
makes it economically expedient to utilize this more widely for coking
purposes. A new metallurgical region is being developed in the north-
western part of the RSFSR on the basis of Pechora coal.
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In the second place, when direct transport connections have been
created between the Pechora basin and the Urals, coal from Vorkuta and
other deposits will be extensiveiy,:used in Ural metallurgical plants.
The distance from the Vorkuta coal deposit to the iron ore deposits of
the Kola Peninsula is about 2,800 km, but it is only about 800 km'to
Ivdel' and 1,200 km to Nizhniy Tagil in the northern Urals.
KIZEL COAL BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry), book
by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, pp 105-107
The Ural region is relatively poor in coal reserves, although exten-
sive exploration of its coal deposits was made during the 5-year plan
periods. By 1937, explored reserves of Ural coal amounted to tens of
times those of 1913 but they still were less than-O.5 percent of total
USSR reserves. The Kizel and Chelyabinsk basins are the largest in the
region.
The Kizel bituminous coal basin is one of the oldest:.in the Urals
and the only one in the area yielding coking coal. Located on the left
slope of the Urals, its boundaries are the Yayva River on the north and
the Vil'va River on the south. The basin is about 100 km long and 15-20
wide, comprising an area of approximately 3,000 sq km.
During the prewar 5-year plans, industrial development of the Kizel
basin was rapid since it was one of the links of the Urals-Kuznetsk com-
bine. Electrification of the Kizel-Chusovoy-Goroblagodatskaya Railroad
ine has facilitated the delivery of coal and coke and strengthened the
economic ties of the Kizel basin with the consumers of its coal.
The increased demand for coal during World War II led to the further
evelopment of the basin. During 19+1-19+5, 1.6 times as much coal was
xtracted as in 194.0.. New deposits were explored, among them the GGremy-
chinsk, the Us'va, and the Kos'va.
The number of coal seams, totaling 25, differs in various areas of
he basin, but the number of working seams ranges from one to five.
The hydrogeological conditions of the basin make it difficult in
laces to sink mines and. work the coal seams, particularly in sections
here water-filled hollows occur.
,150-7,000 cal/kg for the combustible part of the industrial product and
in average of 5,670 cal/kg for the industrial product. Kizel coal is
F-2.5 times as tough as Donbass coal,'..which is known to be very tough.
asin contains gas coal and fat-caking coal with a calorific value of
The coal-bearing quality of the basin is relatively low and variable,
th the thickness of working seams ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 meters. The
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After preliminary cleaning, Kizel coal mixed with Kuznetsk coal is
suitable for coking. Its high sulfur content makes it difficult to use
in ferrous metallurgical plants. However, it can be used in nonferrous
metallurgy, in copper production. Chemical processing of Kizel coal re-
sults in a high yield of by-products such as gas, tar, and phenol.
The three chief consumers of Kizel coal, who have almost equal re-
quirements for it and who are responsible for 80 percent of its consump-
tion are railroad transport, electric power stations, and metallurgy.
Development of the Kizel coal basin in the near future depends on an
increase in the depth of coal-extraction operations. At present, opera-
tions in a number of mines are being conducted at a depth of 650-870 meters.
Up to 50 percent of all Kizel coal is mined at a depth of more than 300
meters. In the future, operations will be carried to a depth of up to
600-1,000 meters and 55-60 percent of all coal extracted will come from
these levels. In this connection, problems of mine sinking, opening lip
of deposits, ventilation, combating of gassy conditions, roof control, and
water drainage will be considerably complicated.
CHELYABINSK LIGNITE BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry),
book by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, pp 107-108
The Chelyabinsk lignite basin is located on the eastern slope of the
Urals, southeast of Chelyabinsk. It extends in a narrow, merdonal strip,
more than 150 km in length from north to south, and averaging about 5 km
in width. The number of seams ranges from 5 to 30 varying in thickness
from 0.75 to 25 meters and in some places reaching 60-150 meters (Korkino
area). Seams of medium thickness predominate. About 95 percent of the
coal is extracted from seams more than 1.2 meters thick.
The coal seams of the basin are not located at a great depth. Sixty-
six percent of the extraction is done in mines with a working depth of up
to 150 meters.
Chelyabinsk coal is lignite, partly humic, with a medium ash content
and a low sulfur content quickly crumbling to fines when exposed to air.
The calorific value is 6,700-7,300 cal/kg for the combustible part of the
industrial product and averages 4,165 cal/kg for the industrial product.
The Korkino, Kamyshinskiy, and Yemanzhelin deposits, opened and put
into operation at the end of the second and the beginning of the third
5-year plans, are the most important in the basin. The open-pit method
is used in the Korkino deposit and for about 40 percent of all mining
of the basin. The pits being exploited are large mechanized coal enter-
prises.
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Electric power stations consume the largest part of Chelyabinsk coal,
about 65 percent. Ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy are in second place,
using the coal for fuel purposes. Chelyabinsk coal can also be used for
gasification to obtain high-calorie gas.
COAL DEPOSITS OF CENTRAL ASIA -- Ugol`naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal In-
dustry), book by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, pp 115-116
The coal industry started operations in the modern central Asian
republics about 60 years ago. At present, eight coal regions have been
discovered and explored, among them the South Fergana lignite region,
the North Fergana and East Fergana coal regions, the Tashkent-Chimkent
lignite region, the Tissarskjy coal region, and the Caspian coal region.
These regions encompass 40 coal deposits with total reserves of more than
20 billion tons.
Part of the deposits are being worked on an industrial scale. In the
Kirgiz SSR, mines have been developed at Sulyukta, Kyzyl-Kiya, Kok-Yangak,
Shurab [partly on territory of the Tadzhik SSR], Tash-Kumyr, and Uzgen.
In the Uzbek SSR, about 115 km from Tashkent, lies the Angren coal deposit,
which has favorable mining and geological conditions; the coal is mined
mainly by the open-pit method.
Before World War II, coal was extracted chiefly in the Kirgiz SSR,
but 41 percent of the coal output for Central Asia now comes from the
Uzbek SSR. Coal mining in Central Asia has progressed at a?rapid rate:
1,100 tons in 1911; L+66,ooo tons in 1930; 1,907,400 tons in 19+0;
,237,100 tons in 1950; and 6,868,}100 tons in 1956.
However, the rapid economic growth of the republics of Central Asia
as made it necessary to bring in a large amount of Kuznetsk and Karaganda
oal in addition to the local supplies. In 1955, 2.9 million tons was
rought in.
o
n 1959. f p pera on
productivity of one million tons
[per year] will be ut inti~
ti
To eliminate the gap between requirements and output, new coat enter-
rises must be constructed. One such enterprise which is now under con-
traction is the Apartakskiy open coal pit, the first unit of which with
TUNGUSKA COAL BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry), book
by I. M. Buddnitskiy,, Moscow, 1958, pp 121-123
A number of large coal basins are located in East Siberia. Two of
these, the T.tuig ka and the Lena, are among the richest. coal reserve areas
in the USSR. Other coal basins in East Siberia are the Kansk-Achinsk,
the Yuzhno-Yakutsk (Aldan), the Transbaykal, the Minusinsk, and the
Ulnkhem ski y_
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The Tunguska coal basin takes in an enormous territory :Llying; between
the Yenisey, the Lena and its left tributaries, the middle and upper part
of the Angara River, and the northern Polar Sea. The area of coal-bearing
deposits reaches 1-1.2 million sq km.
Natural conditions of this area are severe since a belt of perpetuaj
frost runs through it. This has caused great difficulties in geological
exploration of the region, which has only recently been undertaken. The
Angara, Kureyka, and Nori1'sk areas and coal deposits along the Nizhnyaya
Tununska-, have been studied more than other parts of the basin. For the
17th International Geological Congress in 1937, geological reserves of
coal in the basin were estimated at 440 billion tons.
The thickest of the coal-bearing deposits is in the basin of the
lower part of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska, where all strata total more than
1,500 meters thick. Coal. of various types has been discovered here, from
anthracite to long-flame and sapropel. Some seams are 6 meters thick.
In the Nori1'sk area:, where industrial exploitation is in progress,
seams 5-15 meters thick are often discovered.
In the southern part of the Tunguska basin, large isolated deposits
of bituminous coal occur with seams more than 30 meters thick, which can
be worked by the open-pit method.
The Tunguska basin has coal suitable for raw material for the metal-
lurgical and chemical industries, as well as for fuel purposes; therefore,
the outlook for the industrial exploitation of the basin is good.
LENA COAL BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry), book
by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, p 123
The Lena coal basin, Yakutskaya ASSR, unites more than 100 coal de-
posits in an area of about 400,000 sq km in the basin of the Lena River
and its tributaries, the Vilyuy and the Aldan. The Lena basin is one of
the largest in the USSR in the size of its coal-bearing area.
The western part of the basin has been best investigated in a geo-
logical respect, but the Lena basin as a whole has been studied only
slightly. Those coal-bearing areas which are located near inhabited
regions have been best developed. However, at present, it is possible
to characterize the Lena coal basin as one of the richest. Its total
geological reserves are estimated at many tens of billion tons of various
coal. In the western part of the basin, the coal is predominantly lig-
nite; in the eastern part,, bituminous.
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KANSK-ACHINSK COAL BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry),
book by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, pp 121-122
The Kansk-Achinsk Coal Basin is located in Krasnoyarskiy Kray, along
the Siberian Railroad, from Mariinsk to the Tayshet Station, partly en-
croaching on the eastern part of Kemerovskaya Oblast. A systematic study
of the coal-bearing stratum of the basin was started during the First-Five-
Year Plan period. A large coal industry was developed here during World
War II, particularly,in the postwar period.
The coal-bearing belt extends for 700 km and is 200-300 km wide. In
some places the coal-bearing deposits extend in tongue-like formations to
the north and south,
More than 100 individual coal seam outdpp.ings, as well as 23 coal
deposits, have been counted in the basin. 'A number of the coal seams are
characterized by great thickness. For specific deposits the number of
coal seams ranges from one to 30. The lay of the seams is almost horizon-
tal and, over large areas, shallow and easily accessible for open-pit
mining.
The coal of the basin is primarily lignite, an excellent fuel coal,
with a-calorific value of 6,800-7,300 cal/kg for the combustible part of
the industrial product and about 3,750 cal/kg for the industrial product.
Bituminous coal is also found in the basin in the Sayan-Partizanskiy
eposit, located in the foothills of the Vostochnyy Sayan Mountains.
The basin holds a leading place in the USSR in the amount of explored
rese res. The lay of the principal part of the reserves is very favorable
or working by the open-pit method, which guarantees obtaining the cheapest
coal in the USSR. During 1956, production costs of coal for the Vostsibu-
o1' Combine were 38.4 percent of the average branch costs for the Ministry
f Coal Industry USSR.
The largest deposits of the basin are:the Irsha-Borodino, the Nazarovo,
he Bogotol, and the Itatskiy. The coal reserves which can be worked by
he open-pit method are estimated at 10 billion tons.
The largest consumers of Kansk-Achinsk coal are railroad transport
nd electric power stations. Coal from the basin is used chiefly within
he bounds of Krasnoyarskiy Kray.
SOUTHERN YAKUTSK (ALDAN) COAL BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal
Industry), book by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, pp 123-124
Large reserves of coking coal have been discovered in the southern
part of the Yakutskaya ASSR, in the Chu1'man area. The prospective re-
serves of coking coal here can be compared with the same coal of,.the
Donbass and Kuzbass.
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The basin is approximately 400 km from the Siberian Railroad. It
has seams up to 20-30 meters thick, lying at a shallow depth so that it
is possible to work them by the open-pit method. Deposits of high-grade
irorf'ore have been discovered rather near the coal deposits and are being
successfully explored.
Intensive geological work is under way here to explore further the
coking coals and the entire complex of ore and ~auA- iary raw materials for
ferrous metallurgy, as well as raw materials for the chemical industry,
natural gas, nonferrous ores, and rare metals.
Successful results of these operations can produce real economic
grounds fors' ?practical solution to the problem of creating in East Siberia
an independent ferrous metallurgical base so necessary for these regions.
IRKUTSK COAL BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry), book
by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, pp 124-125
The Irkutsk Coal Basin extends from the northwest to the southeast,
almost from Nizhneudinsk to Lake Baykal. Administratively the territory
of the basin belongs to Irkutskaya Oblast and in part to the Buryat-
Mongol'skaya ASSR. The basin is about 500 km long and averages 80 km in
width. Its total area exceeds 35,000 sq km.
The coal-bearing qualities of specific regions of the Irkutsk basin
are not all known. The central part of the basin has been thoroughly
studied. It has been photographed in a detailed geological survey and
almost completely explored.
The most studied part of the basin is the Cheremkhovo region, where
about 30 percent of all explored reserves are located. This is the oldest
of the regions of the basin now being exploited. Its industrial exploita-
tion has been going on for more than 50 years.
Three to five active seams, complicated in structure, differing in
thickness, and stratified, are found in the basin. Here the coal seams
lie at a depth rarely exceeding 50-70 meters. At present, more than 50
percent of the coal is,being mined by the open-pit method. B. the end
of the Sixth Five-Year Plan, the proportion of open-pit 'operations here
will rise to 70 percent.
Cheremkhovo coal is valuable fuel coal. The calorific value of the
combustible part of the industrial product is 6,800-7,6oo cal/kg, while
that of the entire industrial product averages 5,540 cal/kg.
Cheremkhovo coal is stable under storage conditions and is seldom
subject to spontaneous combustion. The high yield of volatile substances
makes it burn easily and actively and makes it particularly valuable as
locomotive or ship coal.
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Cheremkhovo coal can also be used in a mixture with caking coal for
coking.
In the prerevolutionary period, railroad transport was the only con-
sumer of Cheremkhovo coal. All other branches,of the economy depended
on wood. Socialist industrialization of the regions of East Siberia
changed the structure of the fuel balance substantially. Now the chemical
industry, the machine-building industry, and electric power stations are
the main consumers of Cheremkhovo coal, in addition to railroad transport.
MINUSINSKK COAL BASIN -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost`
book by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, p 125
The coal Industry),
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The Minusinsk Coal Basin is located in the southwestern part of East
Siberia, along the Yenisey River and its left tributary, the Abakan. From
an administrative standpoint, it belongs to Khakasskaya Autonomous Oblast,
Krasnoyarskiy Kray. The chief center of the coal industry is Chernogorsk.
The Chernogorsk and Izykhskiy deposits are the largest in the basin.
Coal sections are known here which are suitable for working by the open-
pit method.
The coal is bituminius, long-flame, gassy, and slightly caking. The
calorific value is about 7,000 cal/kg for the combustible part of the in-
dustrial product.
Ninusinsk Basin coal+.,is good fuel and can also be used as raw material
for chemical processing. In-distillation it yields a considerable amount
of primary tar.
This coal is used not.only within the bounds of Krasnoyarskiy Kray,
but also in other regions of Siberia. Railroad transport is the largest
consumer.
TRANSBAYKAL COAL DEPOSITS -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry),
book by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, p 126
The Transbaykal coal deposits are scattered over an extensive area
in the form of more than 40 small, individual, isolated coal sectors. The
largest of these are the Chernovskiy and the Bukaohacha sections, which
are responsible for about 75 percent of the entire output of Transbaykal
coal. For the most part the sections stretch from the southwest to the
northeast and are located in valleys and chain-like depressions, in a
curved line.
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Transbaykal coal is mostly lignite but there is also bituminous coal
in the Bukachacha deposit in Chitinskaya Oblast. Bukachacha coal is very
valuable for the entire Transbaykal area. It has coking properties and
the calorific value of the combustible portion of the industrial product
is 7,600-3,200 cal/kg. Transbaykal coals are used for local fuel purposes
and for railroad transport.
ULUG-KBEMSKIY COAL BASIN - Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The Coal Industry),
book by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, p 126
Bituminous coal deposits of considerable industrial interest were
discovered in Tuvinskaya Autonomous Oblast during the Fifth FLvo-Year Plan
period. The geological reserves in the Yuzhno-Ulug-Khemskiy Coal basin
are estimated at approximately 18 billion tons.
It has been established that this coal mixed with lean coal from the
Kuzbass can yield acceptable metallurgical coke.
COAL BASINS AND DEPOSITS OF FAR EAST -- Ugol'naya Promyshlennost' (The
Coal Industry), book by I. M. Budnitskiy, Moscow, 1958, pp 127-128
Large reserves of.coal in the Far East are concentrated in deposits
and basins located in various parts of its enormous territory. Primorskiy
Kray, Kamchatka, Chukotskiy, and Sakhalin. These reserves include bitumin-
ous coal and lignite.
The.Bureya coal basin, the largest in the Far East, is located along
the upper and middle part of the Bureya River, a tributary of the Amur,
300 km from the Far East Railroad. A study of the basin was not started
until 1932; it was made in connection with the economic development of
Komsomol'sk and the area about it. Industrial exploitation of the basin
has now begun.
The coal here is bituminous and humic. The calorific value of the
combustible part of the industrial product is 6,100-7,500 cal/kg. Almost
all the coal has a high ash content, 27-39 percent for the industrial,
product, and requires cleaning.
Coal from many seams in the basin cakes and when mixed with a lean
additive in the amount of 10-15 percent yields coke. However, coal for
coking must first be cleaned to reduce its ash content.
Sakhalin has considerable reserves of bituminous coal and lignite
bituminous coal deposits in the northern part of the island and deposits
of both in the southern part, but far more lignite.
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Coal has been extracted in Sakhalin for 100 years. In 1945 coal pro-
duction in northern Sakhalin was 50 times that of 1925. Now the coal in-
dustry is taking one of the leading places in the economy of the island,
constituting about 20 percent of its total industrial production.
A characteristic peculiarity of the coal deposits of Sakhalin is the
great diversity and complexity of mining and geological conditions of the
coal beds. The seams being worked range from 0.7 to 6 meters or more in
thickness. About 80 percent of the output is long-flame coal or lignite.
There is little coking coal.
The bituminous coal of Sakhalin has a calorific value of 7,700 to
8,650 cal/kg for the combustible portion of the industrial product and
5,700 to 6,800 cal/kg for the industrial product. The lignite has a
calorific value of 7,200 cal/kg for the combustible part of the industrial
product, and 5,035 cal/kg for the industrial product.
The largest consumer of Sakhalin coal is the timber and paper indus-
try, followed by the food industry and the maritime fleet. About 75
percent of Sakhalin coal is used on the island itself.
Discoveries
NEW COAL DEPOSIT DISCOVERED IN ARKHANGEL'SKAYA OBLAST -- Moscow, Sovet-
skaya Rossiya, 8 Apr 60
Geologists have discovered an industrial seam of bituminous coal, 25
meters thick, running close to the surface 30 km from the settlement of
Khoseda-Khard, in stretches laid bare by the Adz'va River. The reserves
of coal here have not yet been definitely estimated, but preliminary data
indicate that extensive workings are possible.
Production
STALINUGOL' COMBINE ACHIEVES HIGH PRODUCTION -- Kiev, Pravda TJkrainy,
30 Mar 60.
Since the beginning of 1960, the Stalinugol' Combine of the Donbass
has produced 500,000 tons of above-plan coal, considerably exceeding, its
obligations for the entire year.
On 26 March, the Snezhnyanantratsit Trust completed the 1960 first.-
quarter plan. It has already shipped 80 trainloads of above-plan coal
during 1960. The cycle work schedule is in operation everywhere in mines
of this trust.
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On 28 March, the Krasnoarmeyskogol' Trust also completed the 1960
first-quarter plan.
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SHALE OPEN PIT UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN ESTONIAN SSR -- Vienna, Osthandel,
No 3, Mar 60
The largest mechanized open pit in the USSR for bituminous shale is
at present being constructed in the Estonian shale area of Kokhtla-Yarve.
The yearly capacity of this pit will be 7.2 million tons and latest esti-
mates put its construction costs at over one third less than for an under-
ground mine of the same capacity. At the same time, production costs of
shale will be cut in half.
Since shale occurs 8-12 meters below the surface in many places in
the Estonian shale basin, open-pit mining will develop in particular there
in the near future. Toward the end of the Seven-Year Plan period, the
proportion of open-pit mining in Estonian bituminous shale extraction will
rise from 8 to 40 percent. Reserves in combustible shale in the Estonian
SSR are estimated at many billion tons.
FIRST ESTONIAN SHALE-PREPARATION MILL STARTS OPERATING -- Moscow,
Izvestiya, 1 May 60
Yykhvi, Estonian SSR -- On 29 April, the first unit of a shale-
preparation mill, the first in the Estonian shale basin and the only one
of its kind in the world, started operating at Mine No 10.
Coal Machinery
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FIRST HYDRAULIC COAL COB~BINE IN OPERATION -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 26 Apr
60
The KG, the first hydraulic coal combine in the world, designed by
Ya. Ya. Gumenn.ik, has been put into operation in Mine No 12 imeni Dzerzhin-
skiy of the Kadiyevugo.1' Trust.
The combine has a productivity of 100-130 tons of coal per hour and
can extract coal in hydraulic sections of thin seams, 0.7-1 meter thick,
where working conditions are particularly difficult. The design of this
machine differs in principle from all previously produced coal idacb1zies. The
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KG is automatically controlled from the starting place, located in a drift,
and goes along the seam in a given direction. The motor of the machine is
operated by water under high pressure. This same water moves lumps of coal
along the face of the mine. The productivity of-the KG is 15-20 times as
great as that of other machines.
An experimental model of the machine has been made in the Malakhovskiy
Experimental Plant.
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IV. FERROUS METALLURGY
Blast Furnaces
USE OF NATURAL GAS FOR BLAST FURNACES -- Moscow, Trud, 23 Apr 60
At present, more than 30 blast furnaces of the Ukraine are operating
with the use of natural gas. In the near future, blast furnace operators
at other metallurgical plants in the Central Region and in the Urals will
convert their furnaces to the use of natural gas.
Moscow, Promyshlenno Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 24+ Apr 60
Estimates indicate that the conversion to natural. gas of` all blast
furnaces of the European part.of the USSR and the Urals would result in
cutting capital expenditures 1.- million rubles in the production of con-
version pig iron ix the amount provided for by the 1965 plan. If natural
as is used in combination with oxygen,'this saving will be increased to
1,580,000 rubles.
Coke Ovens::
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NEW COKE OVENS FOR MAGNITOGORSK COMBINE -- Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda,
19 Apr 60
A new block of coke ovens with its own chemical plant has been erected
at the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine. The 12th coke battery has just
been made ready for drying operations and initial heating.
Construction and Expansion
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NOVO-LIPETSK PLANT TO HAVE COLD-ROLLING SHOP - Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 10 Apr 60
The Novo-Lipetsk N tallurgical Plant, commonly referred to as the
Lipetsk Magnitka, is constantly growing and improving. At present, a
cold rolling shop, one of the most important structures of 1960, is being
erected on a 12-hectare site as a part of this plant. The first sheets of
transfon er steel are to be produced by the rolling mill of the new shop
in June 1960.
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1EW ORSK-K[i4LILOVO ROLLING MILL PRODUCES FIRST PRODUCTS -- Moscow,
Prnmvcllla,, -I'- - - -
On 30 March 1960, the new 2800 rolling mill of the Orsk-Khalilovo
Metallurgical Combine was put into operation. It has already put out'
its first products.
LARGE NEW STRIP MILL BEING CONSTRUCTED AT MAGNITOGORSK COMBINE -- Moscow,
Pravda, 12 May 60
A large 2500 wide-strip mill is being constructed at the Magnitogorsk
Metallurgical Combine. It will produce steel plate more than 2 meters wide
for large-diameter welded pipe and also for the motor vehicle and tractor
industries. This mill will have the largest capacity in Europe.
The plan provides for putting the first unit of the mill into operation
in January 1961, but builders of the installation have determined to achieve
this by 5 December 1960, Soviet Constitution Day.
PLATE-METAL FINISHING SHOP COM 'LETED AT ALCHEVSKIY PLANT -- Moscow,
-Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 20 A-or 60
The construction of one of the largest plate-metal finishing shops in
the USSR has been completed at the Alchevskiy Metallurgical plant imeni
Voroshilov. It is equipped with the most up-to-date devices. Large con-
tinuous, roller furnaces with a ten-place automatic control panel are used
for heat treatment of the metal. For the first time, heat treatment of the
plates is done in presses so that a flat plate, not requiring further level-
ing, is obtained.
The new shop is intended to improve the quality of plate steel from
the very large 2800 rolling mill, with a resulting increase in the variety of
output.
A hot test run of the aggregates has been started.
CPYRGHT
NEW WIRE-ROD MILL FOR ERIVOY ROG PLANT -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomiche-
skaya Gazeta, 15 Apr 60
A large, continuous 250-2 wire-rod mill Lprobably means the second
250 wire-rod mi1J is being assembled at the Krivoy Rog Metallurgical Plant.
The mill is an enormous structure about 600 meters long. It will produce
wire rod, an intermediate product for obtaining wire of varying diameter.
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NEW WIRE-ROD MILL COMPLETELY MECHANIZED AND AUTOMATED -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 24-Apr 60
The second large continuous.250 wire-rod mill was put into operation
10 days ahead of schedule at the Krivorozhstal' Mettallurgical Plant. All
its processes are completely mechanized and automated, from feeding heated
billets to tying up coils of rolled wire rod and loading them onto railroad
cars.
BILLET MILL UNDER WAY AT CHEREPOVETS PLANT -- Moscow, Prornyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 1 Apr 60
A 700 continuous billet mill is under construction at the Cherepovets
Metallurgical Plant.
PIPE-WELDING SHOP UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- Moscow, Stroitel"naya Gazeta,
4 May 60
Novosibirsk -- shop for the :electric welding of pipe is under con-
struction at the Metallurgical Plant imeni Kuz'min. This plant is to
become the largest USSR enterprise for the production of electric welded
pipe. Trust No 43, which is building this shop, is starting preliminary
operations for the construction of a second, larger shop.
PIPE-CASTING PLANT EXPANDS -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
27 Mar 60
. Construction of a shop for the centrifugal casting of iron water
pipes 50 mm in diameter has been started at the Makeyevka Pipe-Casting
Plant imeni Kuybyshev. .When this shop is put into operation, the daily
production of pipe will increase to more than ten times its present level
and the cost of production will be considerably lowered. Working condi-
tions of the casting personnel will also be essentially changed. The
spacious building where the automatic lines are in operation will be dust-
free ' and gas-free.
During the Seven-Year Plan period, the plant will undergo radical re-
novation. In a few years it will be converted to centrifugal pipe casting.
Pipe production will be increased fourfold.
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KRIVOROZHSTAL' PLANT INCREASES PRODUCTION FACILITIES -- Moscow, Stroitel'naya
Gaz.eta, 1 Apr 60
In 1960, installations required for the complete technological process
of producing metal are being introduced into production in the Krivorozhstal'
Metallurgical Plant. These include the largest blast furnace in the USSR
and in Europe, two coke batteries, an agglomerating belt, two open-hearth
furnaces, and wire mill No 2.
During 1956-1960, the Krivorozhstal' Metallurgical Plant acquired six
rolling mills. The construction of the first of these, medium section mill
No 1, took almost 2 years, while wire mill No 2, completed in 1960, took
only 3 -months to build.
Production
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GEORGIAN SSR PROGRESSES IN STEEL PRODUCTION -- Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka,
21 Apr 60
Ferrous metallurgical production was started in the Georgian SSR in
1950, when steel was produced in the first open-hearth furnace. Now, the
products of the Rustavi Metallurgical Plant -- steel, pig iron, seamless
tubes, sheet steel, and angle iron -- are known to the entire USSR and are
exported to the People's Democracies and to India.
UZBEK STEEL WORKERS ACHIEVE HIGH PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda,
14 Apr 60
During the preparation for the 90th anniversary of Lenin's birth, Uzbek
metallurgists produced steel only by high-speed methods. The average amount
of metal yielded per square meter of the hearth per open-hearth furnace ex-
ceeded 9 tons. One steel worker achieved a plant record with 10.32 tons of
steel, almost 2 tons more than called for by the plan.
Ore Extraction
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PLANS FOR WORKING YAKOVLEVSKIY MINE COMPLEX -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 23 Mar 60
The Yakovlevskiy Mine Complex of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly is unique
in its reserves of iron ore and in the iron content of the reserves About
10 billion tons of ore containing 45-69 percent of iron have been explored
here. The ore body ranges in thickness from 102 to 150 meters.
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According to the plan for the mine complex, up to 15 million tons of
ore will be extracted here per year. Since the ore is located in watery
sections, a combined method of drying it is used with the help'of water-
reducing boreholes, drainage of the mine workings with filters, and other
drainage installations.
zation and automation of all production processes is contemplated. The
average output per worker on the ore mass will amount to more than 1,780
tons.
In sinking shafts,, the rock will be extensively frozen. Full mechanif
Metal Economy
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USE OF LOW-ALLOY STEEL SAVES FERROUS METAL -- Moscow, Trud, 24 Mar 60
The use of low-alloy steel in the production of SK-3 excavators
results in a 2O-percent. saving in ferrous metals.
MOSCOW ENTERPRISES WASTE HUGE AMOUNTS OF METAL -- Moscow, Trud, 24 Mar 60
A one-percent reduction in metal tailings at Moscow enterprises would
yield enough metal for the production of 6,000 Moskvich automobiles.
Metallurgical Equipment
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NOVO-KRAM'iTORSK PLANT COMPLETES NEW MILL -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomiche-
skaya Gazeta, 2 Mar 60
The Novo-Kramatorsk Machine Building Plant has completed the assembly
of an experimental-industrial 1200 mill with 20 rolls for cold-rolling
thin steel sheet.
It is capable of rolling a high-alloy steel strip 1,000 mm wide and
0.1 mm thick.
BLAST FURNACE AIR,-BLOWING INSTALLATION MADE -- Leningradskaya Pravda,
9 Mar 60
The Leningrad Nevskiy Plant has developed plans for an air-blowing
installation for the world's largest (2,000-cu-m) blast furnaces. The
centrifugal compressor of this installation will deliver 5,500 cu m of ail
per minute and increase the pressure up to 4..5 a mospheres.
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Its condenser-type drive turbine will have a capacity of 22,000
kw and will work with high initial steam parameters as well as with a 90-
atmosphere pressure and at a 535-degree temperature.
At present, the plant is assembling a compresor and a new type of
turbine. They will be completed in 1961.
NEW ROLLING MILL EQUIPMENT FOR CHINA -- Moscow, Proiuyshlenno Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 23 Mar 60
The Novo-Kramatorsk Machine Building Plant is assembling a sheet
package tilter with a stacker and a stationary table for sorting metal
sheets 4-20 mm thick and weighing up to 2 tons. This equipment will be
installed on the 2300/1700 sheet-rolling mill in the T'ai-yuan Metallur i.cal
Plant in China.
NEW MACHINE SHOP AT KARAGANDA PLANT TO PREPARE METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT --
Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 29 Apr 60
The first unit of a large machine shop has been put into operation at
the Karaganda Metallurgical. Plant, which is under construction. It is
equipped with all of the most up-to-date machine'.tools and mechanisms. The
shop will prepare equipment for blast furnace, steel, and rolled stock pro-
duction, as well as repair locomotives and heavy-load railroad cars.
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V. NONFERROUS METALS AND MINERALS
Aluminum
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BOGOSLOVSK ALUMINUM PLANT TO OPERATE ALUMINA PROCESSING SHOP -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 8 Apr 60
The production of alumina in the USSR lags considerably behind the
production capacity of the electrolytic process. This factor is exercising
a restraint on the general growth of the aluminum industry. Increased
aluminum production will depend to a large extent on increased supplies of
alumina from the Urals.
In 1960, an alumina processing shop will be put into operation at the
Bogoslovsk Aluminum'Plant. The capacity of the Ural Aluminum Plant for
processing alumina is being expanded.
SUMGAIT ALUMINUM PLANT DOUBLES PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomiche-
skaya Gazeta, 1 Apr 60
The Sumgait Aluminum Plant has more than doubled its production of
aluminum since its establishment 5 years ago.
The fifth anniversary of the plant was celebrated by putting two new,
large buildings into operation. All labor-consuming operations in the
electrolytic cells have been mechanized. The plant has exceeded by hundred
of tans its production plan for the current quarter.
KANAEER ALUMINUM PLANT TO CONSTRUCT FOIL-ROLLING SHOP :-- Yerevan, Kommunist,
30Apr60
The Seven-Year Plan of the Kanaker Aluminum Plant calls for the con
struction of a foil-rolling shop. A two-story structure with five large
wings is now being completed at the construction site, which occupies an
area of 16,000 s q meters.
in sheets for manufacturing kitchen utensils and products in the machine
building, aviation, and other branches of industry.
engineering and the food industries. The shop will also produce aluminiut
The shop will produce foil for industrial needs in the electrical-
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CONSTRUCTION OF KARELIAN ALUMINUM PLANT PROGRESSING -- Pravda, 28 Apr 60
Construction of the second section of the Nadvoitsy Aluminum Plant
is proceeding. at a rapid pace. The plant is one of the largest new con-
struction projects in the Seven-Year Plan of the Karel'skaya ASSR.
Two rows of electrolytic cells are now being. installed in the elec-
trolytic building, which is scheduled to produce its first output in 1960.
ALUNITE MINE TO SUPPLY CAUCASIAN REPUBLICS -- Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy,
30 Apr 60
An alunite. mine under construction in Zaglik will provide raw material
for the nonferrous metallurgical industry of the Caucasus republics.
Copper
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ALAVERDI COPPER-CHEMICAL COMBINE EXPANDS PRODUCTION FACILITIES -- Yerevan,
Kommunist, 30 Apr 60
The first line has been put into operation in the second section of
the electrolytic shop of the Alaverdi Copper-Chemical Combine. Full
operation of the second section of the electrolytic shop, scheduled for
may 1960, will increase the production of refined copper kO percent over
1959.
SUMSAR CONCENTRATION MILL TO PRODUCE COPPER CONCENTRATES -- Frunze,
Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 29 Apr 60
The Sunasar Concentration Mill has added the production of copper
concentrates to its operations. Deposits of copper-polymetallurgical
ores discovered in Sumsar will provide raw material, which will be pro-
cessed in a separate section to be constructed in the plant in 1961.
Experimental work is being continued in the full utilization of the
rich Sumsar deposits.
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Lead-Zinc
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LEAD-ZINC COMBINE EXCEEDS PRODUCTION QUOTAS -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 17 Apr 60
The Ust'-Kamenogorsk Lead-Zinc Combine has already exeeded production
levels scheduled for 1961. The production of individual nonferrous metals
has reached quotas scheduled for the final years of the Seven-Year Plan.
Labor productivity has increased, hundreds of thousands of kilowatt-
hours of electric power have been conserved, and a profit of 5 million rubles
over that planned was made by the combine, as of April 1960.
LEAD-ZINC COMBINE INSTALLS NEW EQUIPMENT -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda,
30Apr60
The installation of equipment was completed in a new shop in the con-
centration mill of the Tekeli Lead-Zinc Combine. The new shop employs the
method of heavy suspension, and operation of the recently installed equip-
ment will increase production greatly and will improve working conditions.
CPYRGHT
Sovetskaya Rossiya, 6 Apr 60
Workers of the Khrustal'nyy Mining and Concentration Combine in
Primorskiy Kray have discovered a fast method of extracting tin ores from
mining stopes. As a result, labor productivity in working thin-veined de-
posits in fall 1959 increased by a factor of 3, 4, and even 5 throughout
an area extending from the Sikhote-Alin' to the Urals, and the cost of one
ton of extracted ore decreased by almost 17 rubles.
The production of miners of the far east was more than twice that ,of
other areas. In 1959, they surpassed production quotas by scores of tons
of ore and saved more than 35 million rubles.
Primorskiy miners have achieved such success by introducing into
operation new equipment, using more powerful explosives, and drilling
holes of a Smaller diameter.
The Khrustal'nyy Mining and Concentration Combine in the first 2 months
of 1960 exceeded its production quotas and saved 3.3 million rubles. Labor
productivity increased an additional 10 percent, so that by the end of 1960
labor productivity will be equal to that scheduled for 1965.
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VACUUM PROCESS USED IN TIN REFINING -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda,
21 Apr 60
Tin refinement by vacuum processing is now being introduced on a wide
scale in the nonferrous metallurgical industry of the USSR. Experimentation
has demonstrated the high technical and commercial merits of the vacuum
process in the production of a wide range of metals.
The method utilizes the principle of continuous distillation in re-
fining crude tin. Installation of continuous-distillation equipment .
increases the labor productivity of metallurgists by a factor of 2-3 and
saves millions of rubles in production costs.
Diamonds
NEW DIAMOND DEPOSIT DISCOVERED IN FAR NORTH -- Moscow, Trull, 10 Apr 60
A deposit of Kimberlite diamonds has been discovered not far from the
source of the Daldyn River, almost at the polar circle. Many small deposits
nearby are also rich in diamonds.
A concentration mill, electric station, and machine shops have been
constructed on the shores of the Daldyn River.
MOISSANITE IN SHAMLINOVO ACCOMPANIED BY DIAMOND PARTICLES -- Leningradskaya
Pravda, 8 Apr 60
Moissanite has been discovered in the vicinity of Shamanovo, a village
located on the left tributary of the Angara River, south of Bratsk. The
mineral approaches the hardness of diamonds and is often found in proximity
to Kimberlite bodies.
Its discovery in Shananovo has great significance, for at the same
time large diamond particles were also discovered in the same area.
Mica
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MICA PLANT DEVELOPS NEW, MET OD OF MICA SPLITTING -- Moscow, Proi yshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 17 Apr 60
The Nizhneudinsk Mica Plant has developed a new method of splitting
mica into thin flakes for use as insulating material. Labor productivity
increased by a factor of 20 as a result of using the new method and produc-
tion costs decreased markedly. Since-the beginning of 1960, the plant has
saved almost 500,000 rubles.
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Ore Discovery
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NEW ORE BODY DISCOVERED IN ZYRYANOVSK -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstsnskaya Pravda,
30 Apr 60
A new ore body was recently discovered at the Zyryanovsk ZP_olymetal7s
Mine and deliveries of valuable metallurgical raw material have already
been made to the Zyryanovsk Concentration Mill.
Hydromechanical installations now being completed at the mine will
expedite overburden removal and will increase the recovery of polymetallic
ores by open-pit mining.
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