DATA ON USSR EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000200020002-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 57
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 19, 1999
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: March 19, 1958
• Content Type: TRANS

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DATA ON USSR
EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES.
Numb.; 2 19 March 1958
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Prepared by
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E. St., N. W., Washington 25, D.C.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information extracted
from Russian-language publications as indicated. It is pro-
duced and disseminated as an aid to United States Government research.
DATA ON USSR EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Chemical Industry
General
Agricultural Chemicals
Basic Chemicals
Coke Chemicals and. Petrochemicals
Mineral Chemical Products
Paint and Varnish Products
Rubber and Rubber Products
Miscellaneous
II. Petroleum and Gas Industries
12
USSR Petroleum Industry in General 12
Miscellaneous
Gas Operations
Caucasus
Ukraine
Ural-Volga Region
Central Asia
A::erbaydzhan
III. Ferrous Metallurgy
Production
Construction
Alloys and High-Grade Steel Production
12
14+
18
19
19
20
21
27
27
28
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Technology
Scrap Metal Collection
Prospecting and Exploration
Miscellaneous
IV: Nonferrous Metallurgy
Production
Construction
Technology
Prospecting and Exploration
Miscellaneous
V. Coal Industry
General
Administration
Production
Technology
Construction
Prospecting
Safety
Training
Page
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31
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34
37
41
42
42
4+3
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47
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General
PREVIEW OF USSR 1958 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Pravda
,,and Izvestiya,
20 Dec 57
I. I. Kuzmin, chairman of Gosplan (State Planning Commission) USSR,
reports on USSR 1958 plans for the chemical industry.
[The section on the 1958 chemical industry development in Kuzmin's
report on the over-all 1958 plan appears in Current Digest of the Soviet
Press, No 51, 29 January 1958, p 6. It consists of generalities.]
DEVELOPMENT OF SOVIET ORGANIC SYNTHESIS INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Pravda, 8 Jan
58
Chemical science and industry is currently entering a new stage of
development.
[A long article on development of Soviet organic synthesis industry
appears in the Daily Review of the Soviet Press, Vol IV, No 1, 15 January
1958. No new data.]
Agricultural Chemicals
EXPANSION OF BORON AND PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER PRODUCTION -- Alma-Ata,
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 4 Dec 57
The Dzhambul Superphosphate Plant, which manufactures granulated
superphosphate, is being expanded. The output of boron-magnesium fer-
tilizer at the Aktyubinsk Chemical Combine is being increased.
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SPEED-UP URGED FOR INDIGENOUS FERTILIZER PRODUCTION FACILITIES IN EAST
SIBERIA -- Moscow, Promyshlenno--Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 18 Dec 57
At present, chemical fertilizers for the agricultural requirements
of East Siberia are brought in from the central regions of the USSR.
To eliminate this irrational import, shops for ammonium fertilizer produc-
tion must be constructed at maximum speed, so that they will operate at
full capacity by 1960. It is proposed to set up the output of urea,
which benefits the growing of fodder crops for cattle, in 1958.
The construction of chemical enterprises and oil refineries in the
region is proceeding slowly. This is due to the lack of plans and dia-
grams, incorrect planning of capital investment, and insufficient equip-
ping ct the Trust "Vostoktyazhstroy" with machinery and transport vehicles.
Gosplan USSR and the Ministry of Chemical Industry have appealed to the
sovnarkhoz (council of national economy) for active help in speeding up
the construction of plants.
Basic Chemicals
NEW METHOD FOR BORON AND IODINE PRODUCTION -- Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy,
10 Dec 57
With the cooperation of A. Kh. Panakhzade, director of the Baku
Iodine Plant, and workers at the plant, the Institute of Chemistry of
the Academy of Sciences Azerbaydzhan SSR is studying the possibility
of using the same water to produce from it first boron trace-element
fertilizer and then iodine. Experiments have shown that the coordina-
tion of both types of production is possible. Thus, it is evident that
the process for the preliminary recovery of boron from the water im-
proves the quality of the latter as the raw material for iodine pro-
duction.
The best interests of industry and agriculture require the rapid
introduction of this method into production,
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Coke Chemicals and Petrochemicals
NEW SYNTHETIC ALCOHOL PLANT AT ORSK -- Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya,
5 Dec 57
A new synthetic alcohol plant has gone on stream in Orsk, Chkalov-
skaya Oblast. The ethylene-containing gases produced in the refining
of petroleum at the Orsk Refinery are employed as raw material. Earlier,
these gases escaped into the air. The plant will annually produce a
quantity of alcohol such as would require millions of pud of grain if
this were used as the raw material.
[Comment: The news item is accompanied by a picture of the pyrolysis
furnaces of the plant. Mention of this plant was observed in the press as
early as November 1956.]
DATA ON USSR SYNTHESIS OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GASES -- Moscow, Promysh-
lennon-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 13 Dec 57
The gases derived from petroleum extraction and refining as well
as natural gas represent a very cheap raw material for organic synthe-
sis. The production of products obtained from these materials is based
on highly effective modern methods.
Therefore, the share of capital investment for the construction of
installations for production of chemicals from by-product and petroleum
gases and the cost of these products are comparatively lower than when
they are manufactured from other types of raw materials.
Great quantities of these gases make it possible to set up large
combinations of installations and technological systems with large pro-
duction capacities.
As an example, the amount of capital investment for the production
of one ton of ethyl alcohol amounts to 4,000 rubles when manufactured
from the waste gases of oil refineries and 9,350 rubles (in terms of
standard agricultural costs) when produced from edible raw materials.
According to data for 1956, the actual cost of a ton of synthetic alcohol
is approximately half the cost of alcohr-' produced from edible products.
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No less characteristic is a comparison of production methods for
phenol used at present in the chemical industry. In the sulfonation
method the capital investment per ton of phenol is fixed at 3,800 rubles;
the cost per ton of the product amounts to 3,400 rubles. In the produc-
tion of phenol from chlorobenzene, these figures are 3,300 and 2,100,
respectively. Very profitable is the production of phenol by the cumene
method from petroleum gases. In this method capital investment amounts
to 2,100 rubles and.. cost to 2,000 rubles a ton.
The 2 ]owix? data indicate the size of USSR reserves in natural, by-
product, and petroleum gases. From the quantity of gases at present
available as a by-product of petroleum drilling in Bashkiriya, Tatariya,
and Kuybyshevskaya Oblast alone, it is possible to manufacture about
290,000 tons of polyethylene (as much as will be produced in the US in
1957 and four times as much as will be produced by England and West Ger-
many together), 500,000. tons of synthetic alcohol, and more than 120,000
tons of synthetic rubber.
According to the rate of production of chemical products on the .
basis of refinery gases, the following holds true: If the gases obtained
in the refinery process by the Grozny refineries were completely utilized,
then it would be possible to manufacture more than 100,000 tons of syn-
thetic alcohol, about 17,000 tons of phenol, and 10,000 tons of acetone
a year. The capacity of the Grozny refineries is considerably less than
of the' Ufa, Kuybyshev, and other enterprises.
In the last 3-4 years, petroleum and by-product gases have not been
completely used for the production of synthetic products. In large meas-
ure this is explained by the bureaucratic approach to the problem by the
former Ministry of Petroleum Industry USSR and the Ministry of Chemical
Industry USSR.
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NEW PHOSPHORITE DEPOSIT IN CHELYABINSKAYA OBIAST, RSFSR -- Moscow, Sovet-
skaya Rossiya, 7 Dec 57
Several years ago, ore with a 25-percent phosphorite content was
discovered on Kulikova Mountain near Asha, Chelyabinskaya Oblast. A
careful investigation showed that the mountain contained a valuable de-
posit of phosphorite ore. The thickness of the stratum of the occurrence
was 60-70 meters, and in a number of places there were outcroppings of
the ore on the surface. Of special value is the fact that the phospho-
rites do not require special processing but may be applied directly to
the soil.
Tests of the fertilizer were made in the fields in 1954-1955 and
excellent results were achieved.
In 1957, the Ministry of Local Industry Bashkirskaya ASSR was di-
rected to begin working the new deposit, but so far no action has been
taken. The reason cannot be cost, since the material sells for 20 rubles
a ton, i.e., one third the cost of superphosphate. Insufficient reserves
is not the answer, either. The deposit will last for tens of years. It
also contains 40 million tons of limestone with a phosphorite content
of 2-5 percent. This will be a valuable fertilizer for the acid soils
of the northern rayons of Bashkiriya. It cannot be said that the re-
public does not require phosphorite fertilizers. Each year, it applies
about 8,000 tons of superphosphate and phosphorite-flour. The problem
is actually a lack of technicians who can get this operation under way.
Construction of the mine on Kulikova Mountain and a workers' settle-
ment will take at least 2-3 years. The delay will result'in a potential
loss of many million pud of grain each year.
CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN KAZAKH CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan-
skaya Pravda, 4 Dec 57
In 1958, capital investment in the Kazakh chemical industry will
be increased 50 percent. In this connection the Kara-Tau Mineral-
Chemical Combine, which produces phosphorite flour for the manufacture
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of superphosphate, will utilize a large new deposit of phosphorites.
Railroads and motor vehicle roads, electric power lines, and a settle-
ment for the workers will be constructed. A new shaft is being built
and will be put into operation at the existing mine.
UNSATISFACTORY EXPLOITATION OF KAZAKH MINERAL DEPOSITS -- Alma-Ata,
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 11 Dec 57
In the Kazakh SSR there are particularly large reserves of chemical
raw materials. In the number of phosphorite reserves the republic has
assumed first place in the USSR. However, extraction of this mineral
is lagging in the republic, amounting to only 20 percent of total Soviet
production. This leads to a situation where the Aktyubinsk Chemical
Combine, for example, processes Khibinsk apatites from the Far North
although large deposits of this same raw material lie nearby. It is of
extreme importance to master the industrial production of Aktyubinsk
phosphorites for the production of pure phosphorus.
Also important is the need to speed up the investigation and devel-
opment of industrial methods to utilize the large reserves of potassium
salt deposits located in Aktyubinskaya Oblast, which amount to 400 mil-
lion tons.
West Kazakhstan is rich in boron, which is extracted at the Inder
deposit. Reserves of this material.may be sharply increased. New de-
posits of this valuable raw material have been discovered. The Kazakh
SSR holds first place in the country in boron reserves.
Paint and Varnish Products
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS AT TASHKENT PLANT -- Tashkent, Pravda Vostoka,
23 Nov 57
New technology and equipment have been introduced at the Tashkent
paint and Varnish Plant. In 1957, the furnaces in the oil varnish shop
were converted from solid to liquid fuel, i.e., to mazut. This resulted
in a 10-percent increase in production.
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A precipitated siccatives department has been put into operation.
This product is produced cheaply and its quality is not inferior to oil
siccatives.
The plant has mastered the technology of producing black varnishes
by the cold method, which improves the quality of the product. The in-
troduction of two horizontal color-grinding machines with individual
drive transmissions has resulted in a 10-percent increase in labor pro-
ductivity.
A new shop for the production of metal containers has gone into
operation.
An aggregate for painting metal containers has been installed.
This has increased labor productivity 15 percent. Labor productivity
has also been improved by the introduction of an aggregate for drying
the containers.
Rubber and Rubber Products
IMPROVEMENTS IN TIRE PRODUCTION AT OMSK -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 6 Oct 57
At the Omsk Tire Plant two high-speed rubber mixers have been put
into operation. These have doubled the capacity of the regular machines.
The experimental operation of the high-speed mixers has shown that the
time used to process the mixture can be reduced 50-60 percent and the
rolling of natural rubber by more than two thirds.
Moscow, Izvestiya, 9 Oct 57
A Scientific Research Institute for Tire Industry is being set up
in Omsk. Its scientific workers and engineers will be occupied with
the developmental construction of new machines and the improvement of
technological processes in the tire industry.
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PRODUCTIVITY SUCCESSES AT MOSCOW PLANT -- Moscow, Sotsialisticheskiy
Trud, No 11, Nov 57, p 47
Labor productivity at the Moscow Kauchuk Plant increased 14.3 per-
cent in 1956 and is expected to rise in 1957 as well. During 1952-1956,
the annual rise in labor productivity at the enterprise has never been
less than 10 percent. It has increased 70 percent since 1950.
YEREVAN PLANT ENLARGED -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 31 Oct 57
Since the beginning of 1957, the Yerevan Tire Plant has manufac-
tured several thousand "Gigant" motor vehicle tires above plan. New
equipment has been installed at the plant. Not long ago, a vulcaniza-
tion shop was put into operation. This has resulted in a significant
increase in production.
(Article is accompanied by a photograph showing a general view of
the new vulcanization shop.)
USSR DETERGENT INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
22 Nov 57
The all-out development of the production of substitutes for plant
and animal raw materials is one of the most important tasks of the USSR
national economy. The Soviet Union is still consuming large quantities
of edible raw materials, mainly fats and oils, for technical purposes.
During 1957, for example, about 360,000 tons of vegetable oils will be
expended for the production of soap, drying oil, oleine, stearin, and
other nonfood products.
A particularly large amount of edible fats is employed in soap
manufacture. To replace them in this production, it is necessary, first
of all, to increase the output of fat substitutes obtained from petroleum
raw materials (synthetic aliphatic and naphthenic acids) as well as from
wood products, such as rosin and tall oil. This requires expansion of
the production of tall oil as rapidly as possible; the raw material for
this, sulfate lye, the waste product of the cellulose-paper industry,
is readily available. Second, it is necessary to develop the production
of synthetic detergents.
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The costs involved in the processing of aliphatic substitutes and
detergents based on petroleum products are significantly lower than for
detergents based on oleaginous crops. A ton of solid aliphatic acids
obtained from edible oils costs 8,200 rubles, whereas synthetic oils
processed from paraffin costs only 4,800 rubles. A ton of foaming pow-
ders produced from petrochemical raw material will cost not more than
1,100 rubles and a ton of 60-percent household soap manufactured from
oleaginous and animal fats costs about 4,500 rubles.
Capital investment per unit of capacity in the construction of an
enterprise for the production of synthetic detergents is 10 percent less
than for the construction of soap plants. It is also important that the
capital investments for the construction of shops for foaming agent pro-
duction will be liquidated in 2-2.5 years.
However, the production of aliphatic substitutes and synthetic de-
tergents in the USSR is still quite unsatisfactory. With the exception
of the output of synthetic detergents at the Shebekinskiy Combine of the
Belgorodskiy Sovnarkhoz and the production of small quantities of "sul'fonol"
at pilot plants, the industrial production of synthetic aliphatic sub-
stitutes at present is nonexistent.
Several years ago, the Petroleum Institute of the Academy of Sciences
USSR, for the first time anywhere in the world, worked out a method for
the direct oxidation of low-melting paraffin which will permit the,pro-
duction of aliphatic alcohols preparatory to the production.of the powder
"Novost'." But this method has still not been widely applied. It is
true that the situation for the manufacture of aliphatic alcohols will
be much improved after completion of the construction of a special shop
at the Shebekinskiy Combine in 1958. Another such shop is planned for
the Volga-Don Combine, now under construction.
The introduction of the new method on a large scale requires an in-
crease in reserves of low-melting paraffin, but little of this is pro-
duced by Soviet refineries. This tends to create a disproportionate
balance between paraffin production and satisfaction of the industrial
requirements for synthetic aliphatic alcohols.
Production of synthetic aliphatic acids is also contemplated by
USSR refineries, but construction of special shops for this type of opera-
tion is being delayed. During the first half of 1957, for example, the
construction-assembly work on the aliphatic acid shop at the Chernikovskiy
Plant was fulfilled 10 percent and at the Novo-Kuybyshev plant only 0#5
percent.
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The Ministry of Chemical Industry is delaying the construction of
a shop for the production of "sul'fonol" by the chlorine method. Plans
called for its completion by 1955, but so far it has not been completed.
The drawing up of plans for a second shop for this type of production
has not even been started.
The All-Union Scientific Research Fats Institute has worked out
formulas for four basic varieties of detergents to satisfy the various
requirements of segments of the economy. The first of these is for the
laundering of silk and wool fabrics; the second for silk, wool, and cot-
ton fabrics; the third only for cotton fabrics; and the fourth for course
fabrics and for industrial purposes. The aliphatic substitutes going
into the composition of the first three detergents consist of synthetic
aliphatic alcohols, "sul'fonol," and sulfonate. Detergents designed for
laundering course fabric and for industrial requirements will be manu-
factured on the basis of "azolyat," of the purified contact of G.S .
Petrov, and of scouring agents. The content of active organic parts
through the introduction into the detergents of beneficial additives
amounts to 20-25 percent.
The beneficial additives include the salts of phosphoric acid (based
on pyrophosphates), sodium sulfate, calcined soda, sodium metasilicate,
and carboxymethyl cellulose. The introduction of 10-30 percent polyphos-
phates (tripolyphosphate, hexametaphosphate, tetrapyrophosphate, etc.)
into the detergents significantly increases the foaming action.
The small admixture of one of the cellulose esters, carboxymethyl
cellulose, is also necessary. This substance, introduced into the formula
for detergents in the amount of 2-3 percent, guarantees the retention
of the wash impurities in the foaming solution. Unfortunately, the pro-
duction of carboxymethyl cellulose, despite its need by the synthetic
detergents industry as well as by a number of other branches of industry
(in particular, the textile industry, where this product replaces starch),
is very small. -- G. Torsuyev and V. Popov, Engineers
KUSTANAY PLANT INCREASES ARTIFICIAL FIBER OUTPUT -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan-
skaya Pravda, 4 Dec 57
The output of the Kustanay Artificial Fiber Plant will be increased
16 percent.
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SYNTHETIC CORUNDUM PRODUCTION OF USSR CHEMICAL ENTERPRISE -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 8 Dec 57
The construction of a shop for the production of synthetic corundum
has been started at the Kirovakan Chemical Combine. This shop will have
the largest capacity for this type of production in the Soviet Union.
The shop will go on stream during the fourth quarter of 1958.
[Comment: This is the first instance observed in the Soviet press
of the production of synthetic corundum by a USSR chemical enterprise.]
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USSR in General
Miscellaneous
STATE PLANNING COMMISSION CHAIRMAN OUTLINES GOALS FOR OIL, GAS IN 1958 --
Moscow, Pravda, 20 Dec 57
I. I. Kuzmin, chairman of Gosplan (State Planning Commission) USSR,
outlines production goals and capital investments to be made in the oil
and gas industries in 1958.
[For complete text of the article, see Current Digest of the Soviet
Press, Vol IX, No 31, 29.January 1958, pp 6, 10-12.]
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS IN OIL, GAS INDUSTRIES INCREASED -- Moscow, Na Stroi-
tel'stve Truboprovodov, 22 Dec 57
In 1958, the USSR plans to lay 2,900 kilometers of gas lines and
2,100 kilometers of crude oil and petroleum product lines and to supply
10.7 billion cubic meters more gas to consumers.
Preliminary results for 1957 indicate that 50 percent more gas and
crude oil was extracted than in 1956.
The opening of the Shebelinka-Dnepropetrovsk and Mukhanovo-Kuybyshev
gas lines in 1957 are considered two of the most important projects for.
the expansion of the USSR economy in 1958.
The goal in 1958 is to extract and produce 10.7 billion cubic meters
more gas than in 1957. This is an increase of 52 percent over 1957 out-
put. The major trunk gas lines are expected to transport 6.5 billion
cubic meters more gas than in 1957, an increase of 82.8 percent over 1957.
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More money will be spent in 1958 than in 1957 to speed up the ex-
pansion of the petroleum and gas industries. Capital investments in
1958 will amount to 4 billion rubles, 729 million of which will be in-
vested in the gas industry.
SOVNARKHOZ ASKS GOSPLAN TO HELP OBTAIN DESALTING AGENT -- Moscow, Promy-
shlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 24 Nov 57
"Groznyy Oil Refinery constantly holds up delivery of neutralized
dark contact to Tatarskaya ASSR. Quality of contact low. Fields of
Aznakeyavneft' Oil Field Administration likely to shut down. Request
your intervention."
This was a telegram sent by the Tatarskiy Sovnarkhoz (Council of
National Economy) to Gosplan RSFSR.
The contact is a by-product of refining and is the basic agent used
to remove water and salt from crude oil. Its shortage has been affect-
ing the oil fields of the Tatarskaya ASSR the year round. The shortage
also affected the operations of the Bashkirskaya ASSR oil fields at
Tuymaza and Oktyabr'skiy in the summer of 1957.
Inasmuch as the oil fields cannot ship crude oil below standard to
the refineries, they are forced to shut down certain wells. As a result,
a large quantity of crude has been accumulating in the storage tanks at
the fields and hundreds of tons of the light fractions have evaporated.
NEW OIL PIPELINE BEGINS OPERATIONS IN STALINGRAD AREA -- Moscow, Pravda,
22 Nov 57
A new pipeline has started to pump crude oil from the Stalingrad
area oil fields to the new Stalingrad Oil Refinery, whose first unit is
in the testing stage.
[Comment: For complete text of the article see Current Digest of
the Soviet Press, Vol IX, No 47, 1 January 1958, p 207]
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Gas Operations
1958 PLAN FOR EXPANSION OF GAS INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Na Stroitel'stve
Truboprovodov, 25 Dec 57
As in previous years, the USSR gas industry will be expanded at a
rapid pace. The 1958 goal is to extract and produce nearly 11 billion
cubic meters ore gas than in 1957. This is an increase of 52 percent
over the volume extracted in 1957 and amounts to as much as was produced
in the USSR in 1955.
Extraction is to be increased considerably at the Shebelinka Gas
Field in Khar'kovskaya Oblast, from which a major gas line to Dnepropet-
rovsk was laid in mid-1957. The increase in extraction and the construc-
tion of this line make it possible to supply more than 3 billion cubic
meters more gas per year to consumers.
Considerable increases are expected in Stavropol'skiy Kray, which
is scheduled to extract nearly 2.5 billion cubic meters more than it
supplied in 1957; Stalingradskaya Oblast, nearly 1.5 billion cubic meters
more; Azerbaydzhan, one billion cubic meters more; and Saratovskaya Ob-
last, 1+00,000 cubic meters more. Extraction is to increase in other
gas areas also. Moreover, more petroleum gas and more synthetic gas
from coal and shale are to be produced.
The major pipelines are the Main Administration of Gas Industry USSR
are scheduled to transport nearly 7 billion cubic meters, or 89 percent,
more than in 1957. Five cities, among them Gor'kiy and Belgorod, will
obtain gas in early 1958 and four more cities, including Magnitogorsk
and Lisichansk, will have gas by the end of the year. Moscow's supply
will be increased by 1.3 billion cubic meters over 1957.
The extraction of gas from coal underground is also to be increased.
The underground coal gasification stations are expected to produce 26
percent more gas than in 1957.
Capital investments in the industry in 1958 will be over 700 mil-
lion rubles more than in 1957. This is more than 60 percent higher than
the amount spent in 1957.
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During the year, 2,500 kilometers of main trunk gas lines are to
be laid and opened. Two of the most important gas line construction
projects ahead are the line from Serpukhov to Leningrad and from Sl2kapovo
in the Bashkirskaya ASSR to Magnitogorsk. At least 50 percent of the
pipe in the first line should be laid in 1958, so that it can be finished
in mid-1959 and Leningrad can obtain gas in the third quarter of 1959.
The 410-kilometer line from Shkapovo should be finished in 1958 to pro-
vide petroleum gas to the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine,
During the year, construction will be started on lines to supply
gas to six republic capitals. Construction will get under way on lines
from Karadag to Tbilisi by way of Akstafa, from Akstafa to Yerevan, from
Dzharkak to Tashkent by way of Bukhara, and from Dashava to Minsk, with
offsets to Vil'nyus and Riga. These lines are scheduled to open during
the period 1959-1960 and most of the preparations must be finished in
1958 so that the basic part of the construction can be completed in 1959.
In. 1958, the Saratov-Gor'kiy line should be extended to Penza. In
addition, the lines from Promyslovaya to Astrakhan' and from Kyzyl-Kum
to Krasnovodsk by way of Kumdag are also important to the future of the
national economy.
Besides laying more than 600 kilometers of pipe in the parallel
Stavropol'-Moscow trunk line, it will be necessary to build three new
and expand three existing compressor stations by installing 20-25 gas
turbine compressors which, beginning in 1959, will sharply increase the
supply through the line to Moscow and Leningrad.
Another important project is the laying of a gas line from pipe
1,020 millimeters in diameter from Kanevskaya to Vorshilovgrad by way
of Rostov. This is the first time that such wide pipe will be used in
pipeline construction. The line should be built by 1959.
In 1958, underground gas storage facilities will have to be built
on the outskirts of Moscow and Kiev. These facilities should be ready
for testing in the second half of 1958.
In addition to the above projects, in 1958 the Main Administration
of Gas Industry USSR is to build and put into operation 2,060 kilometers
of crude oil and petroleum product lines with 23 along-the-way pumping
stations. Of these lines, 517 kilometers will be a products line from
Omsk to Novosibirsk and 970 kilometers an extension of the Tuymaza-Omsk
crude oil line to Irkutsk.
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In 1958, some 133 million rubles is being allocated for the construc-
tion of quarters for the workers and services personnel of the above
main administration. This is approximately 80 percent more than was
used in 1957. During the year, about 73,000 square meters of living
space should be made available, in addition to schools, medical centers,
and kindergartens.
RESERVES AT AZERBAYDZHAN GAS DEPOSITS SURPASS SARATOV -- Moscow, Izves-
tiya, 22 Nov 57
Commercial gas reserves at the two large gas-condensate deposits
of Karadag and Kyanizadag in Azerbaydzhan are much larger than those at
Saratov and approximately as large as those at Dashava in the Ukraine.
The USSR now extracts natural gas in the eastern and western parts
of the Ukraine; in the North Caucasus; in Saratovskaya, Kuybyshevskaya,
and Stalingradskaya oblasts; in Central Asia; and in the Komi ASSR. In
addition, explored reserves are found in Siberia, Bukharskaya Oblast of
Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Turkmenistan.
TRANSCAUCASUS GAS PIPELINE -- Moscow, Izvestiya, 22 Nov 57
With the discovery of natural gas at Karadag and Kyanizadag in
Azerbaydzhan, Glavgaz (Main Administration of Gas Industry) plans to
build a major gas line from Karadag to Kirovabad, Akstafa, and Tbilisi,
with a branch from Akstafa to Yerevan, from 1958 to 1960.
[Comment: For condensed text of the article, see Current Digest
of the Soviet Press, Vol IX, No 47, 1 January 1958, p 23.1
LARGE-SCALE GAS PROGRAM REQUIRES MORE DRILLING, IMPROVED EQUIPMENT --
Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 8 Dec 57
The CPSU is charging the gas industry with the responsibility of
increasing its extraction and production of gas within the next 10-15
yearsto 13-15 times the present level, that is, to increase the out-
put to approximately 270-320 billion cubic meters in the period 1970-
1972.
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According to expectations, in 1965 extraction and consumption in
the European USSR will exceed the over-all increased demands for all
types of fuels (coal and dark products). It is expected that the over-
all output of natural, petroleum, and synthetic gases will be increased,
in terms of conventional fuel, to the present level of extraction of
coal in the Don, Moscow, and Pechora basins.
To ensure this increase, the search and exploration for gas must
be increased drastically, particularly in the most promising areas of
the North Caucasus, along the Volga, in the Caspian Sea area, Ukraine,
Azerbaydzhan,.Central Asia, and West Siberia.
This large-scale drilling program will require light drilling rigs
to drill to depths of 2,500-3,000 meters, smaller size turbodrills, and
high-grade drill pipe 2 7/8 and 3 1/2 inches in diameter.
The gas industry does not have sufficiently sealed casing for use
in wells with high pressure. It also lacks nonsleeve pipe, whose produc-
tion has been delayed by the Taganrog Pipe Plant.
Long-distance pipelines are to be built to supply gas to the con-
sumers. Pipe manufacturers must drastically increase the output of pipe
420-820 millimeters in diameter, improve its durability, produce thin-
gauge pipe, and start the production of pipe 1,020 millimeters in di-
ameter.
The USSR has made some strides with compressor stations along the
gas lines. The Gor'kiy "Dvigatel' Revolyutsii" Plant is producing piston-
type gas compressors with a capacity of 1,000 horsepower and will soon
be producing reliable units with double this capacity. The Nevskiy
Plant imeni Lenin has mastered the production of single-stage centrifugal
compressors driven by gas turbine and electric motor.
However, because of the great use of fuel and metal per unit of
capacity, neither of these machines now meets the demands of the gas
industry. Design engineers must design higher capacity and high com-
pression ratio compressors in which less metal is used per unit of
capacity.
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Production of piston-type compressors of 2,000, 3,000, and 5,000
horsepower must be mastered. Likewise, centrifugal compressors with
capacities from 5,000 to 12,000 horsepower must be produced, and the
compression ratio of the single-stage compressors must be increased to
1.25-1-30-
The production of shut-off devices, particularly various-size stop-
cocks, has not yet been organized. The Myshega Plant in Tul'skaya Ob-
last, the only producer of these stopcocks, has been holding up the out-
put of these pneumatic and electrically controlled units.
The high tempo of expansion of the gas industry poses the problem
of the method and organization of the gathering of natural and petroleum
gases. At present, when these gases are fed into the main trunk: lines,
they are highly humid and contain impurities, which leads to crystalliza-
tion and subsequent plugging of some parts of the line and eventually
to stoppages in the flow of gas.
Caucasus
OIL DRILLING IN STAVROPOL' REGION -- Moscow, Na Stroitel'stve Truboprovodov,
20 Dec 57
Pyatigorsk -- Exploration for oil is under way in eight rayons of
Stavropol'skiy Kray.
Geologists have recently struck oil in Kalmytskaya Autonomous Oblast,
where several test wells have been drilled. The first proved to be a
gusher with an output of 100 tons per day.
[Comment: This oblast is a part of Stavropol'skiy Kray on the east-
ern side of the Volga River. It was set up by reducing the area of Astra-
khan'-skaya Oblast.]
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Ukraine
NEW OIL AND GAS RESERVES FOUND IN POLTAVSKAYA OBLAST -- Kiev, Pravda
Ukrainy, 29 Nov 57
The Novyy Senzhar Drilling Office has opened up oil and gas reserves
in Poltavskaya Oblast that exceed the pools of the well-known deposit
at Radchenkovo. The office has finished drilling four oil an3 gas wells and
will complete four more by the end of 1957. The first flowing oil well will
soon undergo tests.
Well No 16 was drilled in 17 days with the turbodrill at an average
speed of 408.2 meters per machine month. It will yield at least 4 mil-
lion cubic meters of gas per day.
At the site of Well No 10, there are six more gas horizons and
two oil horizons. The drilling crew plans to bore to 3,000 meters.
Moscow, Na Stroitel'stve Truboprovodov, 11 Dec 57
Poltava -- A new deposit of oil and gas has been found near the
village of Chernukhi. The test well flowed natural gas but an oil-bearing
strata was also discovered. This is the second oil and gas deposit opened
in Poltavskaya Oblast in 1957.
Ural-Volga Region
TATAR OIL INDUSTRY CHIEF REPORTS ON INDUSTRY -- Moscow, Izvestiya, 18 Dec
57
V. Shashin, chief of the Administration of Oil Industry of the
Tatarskiy Sovnarkhoz, reports on the developments in the republic's
oil industry.
[For condensed text of the article, see Current Digest of the Soviet
Press, Vol IX, No 51, 29 January 1958, pp 29-30.1
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Moscow, Pravda, 28 Nov 57
Kazan' -- Tatar drillers drilled 190,000 meters more with the same
amount of machinery in 11 months of 1957 than in the same period of 1956.
NEW OIL REFINERY IN BASHKIRIYA -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 13 Dec 57
Ufa -- The largest oil refinery in the USSR has gone into operation
at Chernikovsk, Bashkirskaya ASSR. In addition to being a primary distil-
lation and cracking plant, it will produce various lube oils and fatty
acids. It has already produced many tons of high-grade gasoline and
diesel oil. In the near future, a block of units will go into operation
to refine high-octane fuel. Once the refinery reaches its designed ca-
pacity, it will be producing millions of tons of various petroleum pro-
ducts.
KAZAKHSTAN THIRD IN EXPLORED OIL RESERVES IN USSR -- Alma Ata,
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 11 Dec 57
Kazakhstan ranks third, after the RSFSR and Azerbaydzhan, in explored
petroleum reserves in the USSR. Large-scale geological exploration is
now under way in the area between the Urals and Emba. A study is to be
made of the petroleum-bearing possibilities of the Balkhash-Alakul',
Iliy, and Chu-Sary-Suy depressions.
Alma Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 14 Dec 57
Gur'yev -- The Karaton Drilling Office drilled 77 wells in 1957.
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KIRGIZ OIL OUTPUT UP FOURFOLD OVER 1955 -- Moscow, Na Stroitel'stve
Truboprovodov, 20 Dec 57
Dzhalal-Abd -- Kirgiziya is now extracting four times as much crude
oil as in December 1955. The Izbaskent Oil Field is very rich in oil.
It has only one seventh as many wells as in the adjacent Kok-Tash and
Changyr-Tash oil fields, but it is producing 3.5 times as much oil.
In 1958, new wells are to be built up at Izbaskent. Efforts are
being expanded also to master the new Karabulak and Papan petroleum de-
posits.
Azerbaydzhan
673 WELLS RESTORED -- Moscow, Pravda, 30 Nov 57
Baku -- In the past 11 months, 673 idle oil wells have been restored
in Azerbaydzhan. More than 2 million tons of crude oil were extracted
as a result of pressuring.
Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 28 Nov 57
In the past 11 months, the Neftechalaneft' Consolidated Oil Field
restored 130 wells, 26 of them by means of reboring.
[Comment: Apparently Neftechalaneft' has been changed from an oil
field administration to a consolidated oil field, having been reported
as such both in this source and in Dakinskiyy Rabochiy, 29 August 1957.
The latter source referred to its Oil Field No 2 as a division (tsekh)
of the consolidated field. As a field administration, it had Oil Fields
No 1, 2, and 3.]
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FIELD ADMINISTRATION ADDS TWO MORE SECTORS TO OPERATIONS -- Baku, Bakin-
skiy Rabochiy, 5 Dec 57
The Siazanneft' Oil Field Administration has acquired two more
petroleum-producing sectors by the discovery of oil deposits at the
Zeyva and Zagly sites, where two test wells have produced light, high-
octane crude oil.
The oil from these two wells will be transported to the Amirkhangly
sector, the site of the administration's Oil Field No 2 which, in 1957,
put more than 50 new wells on stream from drilling.
[Comment: Bakinskiy Rabochiy of 22 November 1956 reported that
this field started operations in late 1955, and Bakinskiy Rabochiy of
17 March 1956 reported that it was producing 70 percent of the oil in
the field administration.]
QUARRIED PETROLEUM SAND PROCESSED INTO LIQUID -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 5 Dec 57
The Kirmak Mountain in Azerbaydzhan has seams of petroleum sands
which lie at or close to the surface.
Geologists from the Leninneft' Oil Field Administration have deter-
mined that these seams contain at least 17 million tons of petroleum.
Laboratory tests of these sands have provided some very interesting re-
sults. Each cubic meter of mountain earth contains an average of 148
kilograms of liquid fuel. The problem was how to extract this liquid
from the sand. Scientists have suggested that these petroleum-bearing
sands which lie at the surface should be processed by means of heat.
In the laboratory, they were able to extract up to 95 percent of fuel
from the sandstone..
The best temperature to which the petroleum-bearing sandstone should
be heated is 350-500 degrees. At this temperature, the grain of the
sand, the content of clay, and moisture do not affect the process. By
this method, it is possible to extract 89-92 percent of the liquid,
4-10 percent of the gas, and about 4-6 percent of the coke contained in
the sandstone.
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This process provided the base for the construction of a sand-
processing unit in Kirmak. This unit has been in operation 5 years and
has proved that 80-85 percent of the petroleum can be extracted.
The sandstone is ground and screened, and then the screened sand
is fed by auger to a shovel which feeds it to a cylindrical reactor of
the thermal processing unit.
The cylindrical reactor is loaded separately with hot kilned sand
and the rock which contains the petroleum. Petroleum gas is Clown in
from the lower end of the cylinder to heat and support the suspended mix-
ture. The hot sand, mixed with the rock, passes its heat to the rock,
from which petroleum eventually evaporates and then passes in vapor form
to a chilling condensor, where it is transformed into liquid petroleum.
This successful experience with thermal extraction of petroleum
has enabled the Azerbaydzhan government to decide upon building a power-
ful industrial unit in Kirmak.
The petroleum sand from the quarries will be transported by means
of a suspended cable and will be automatically loaded into bunkers of
the reactors, from where a heavy, oily liquid will pass through a pipe-
line to the oil refineries for refining into petroleum products.
AZERBAYDZHAN GAS INDUSTRY -- Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy, 12 Dec 57
Azerbaydzhan is surpassing its 1957 gas-extraction goal. The vol-
ume is more than double that of 1955.
During the past 2 years, about 125 kilometers of major and dis-
tributing gas lines have been laid in the Apsheron Peninsula. Successful
development of new gas deposits has made it possible to convert the re-
public's oil refineries, the electric power stations of the republic's
power administration, and many of the industrial enterprises in Baku
and Sumgait from liquid fuel to gas, thereby releasing approximately
2.5 million tons of liquid fuel for consumption in other areas of the
USSR.
The goal in 1958 is to release 400,000 tons of mazut and 100,000
tons of coal from the electric power stations for other purposes.
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The opening of new gas lines will make it possible to supply gas
to numerous industrial enterprises and hundreds of households in Kirov-
skiy, Azizbekovskiy, and other rayons of Baku.
To meet the increasing demands of Azerbaydzhan, Georgia, and Armenia
for gas, the Ministry of Petroleum Industry Azerbaydzhan SSR is planning
to increase its industrial reserves of natural gas to 20 billion cubic
meters in 1958 and 25 billion in 1959. If these plans are fulfilled,
not only will the fuel and power structure of the three republics be changed
drastically, but extraction of 6.6 billion cubic meters a year will be
realized by the end of 1960.
Gas now accounts for approximately 70 percent of the fuel balance
of Azerbaydzhan. This figure is to be increased to 90-95 percent in
the future.
Because of the lack of gasoline plants and sealed tanks, there are
enormous losses of gas and of gasoline fractions found in the gas con-
densate from the Karadag deposit. These losses run into tens of thou-
sands of tons a year. There are also enormous losses of finished pe -
trolaam products at the refineries and during storage. Because of the
lack of gas-gathering facilities and a major gas line to transport the
gas, 300,000 cubic meters of gas is lost each day at the fields of the
Siazanneft' Oil Field Administration. As a result, 49,000 tons of pro-
pane and butane are lost each year.
According to estimates, approximately 13 tons of compressed gas a
day, or 4,745 tons a year, is required to provide enough cylinder gas
to 13,000 apartments in Kirovabad. If 25 percent of the compressed gas
in the future is to be used to supply gas in cylinders to apartments,
116,440 apartments with approximately 500,000 occupants can be supplied
with enough gas a year by this means.
The use of liquid gas in cylinders for domestic needs is very ben-
eficial, since it becomes unnecessary to build costly gas lines and other
installations. Approximately one third as much metal is required and
capital investments are only about half as much as in the ordinary supply
through gas lines. One cylinder filled with 22 kilograms of compressed
gas is sufficient for a family of 4-5 persons for a whole month.
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The Azerbaydzhan gas industry is now under the jurisdiction of the
republic?s petroleum min.stry. It is probable that a separate main admin-
istration for the gas industry will be set up in the republic to operate
with the Main Administration of Gas Industry USSR. The Ministry of Pe-
troleum Industry Azerbaydzhan SSR and the Baku Executive Committee are
now discussing this matter.
NEW TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCED TOO SLOWLY INTO REFINING -- Baku, Bakinskiy
Rabochiy, 3 Dec 57
The increase in refining of fuel and lube oils expected of the
Azerbaydzhan Petroleum Refineries Association in the Sixth Five-Year
Plan depends to a great extent*on the introduction of new engineering,
something which has failed to keep pace with the great demands of today.
Several years ago, the Azerbaydzhan Research and Development In-
stitute for Petroleum Refining developed new technology for high
temperature decomposition of crude oil bottoms such as gudron. Tests
at its pilot units provided excellent results.
In 1956, the new technology was to have been used in the testing
and experimental unit in the Oil Refinery imeni Vano Sturua, but problems
arose immediately because construction agencies delayed the construction
of such a unit. The unit was finally put into service in mid-1956 but
only ten very short runs,. from one to 6 days, were made because the re-
maining time had to be spent in making necessary repairs to the unit,
and because of the lack of proper preparations.
As a result of slow pace of construction, the poor quality of re-
pairs, and constant delays in building material supply this new tech-
nology still has not been mastered. Moreover, no date has been set for
its introduction into the industry.
That advanced technology has not been given proper attention can
be seen from another instance. The Baku refineries prepare the crude
for refining by thermochemical means, a process seriously inadequate
because a considerable amount of de-emulsifier is required. Moreover,
the de-emulsified crude is left to settle for long periods and this re-
sults in the heavy loss of light fractions.
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In 1951, the institute developed a new method of simultaneous de-
hydration and desalting of Baku crudes. The principle part in the new
de-emulsifying unit is the mixer, a design of which had been recommended
by the institute when it developed the new technological process.
The designing of the test and experimental unit was entrusted to
Giproazneft' (Azerbaydzhan State Institute for Planning), but this in-
stitute rejected the design of the other institute and substituted its
own. As a result, the construction of a relatively small test and ex-
perimental unit for dehydrating and desalting of crude oil was delayed
for 3 years.
Finally, she mastering of the unit began in 1954. The first tests
proved that the design of the mixer of Giproazneft' was unsuitable for
industrial purposes and this institute had to revert to the design of
the mixer proposed by the research and development institute. The mixer
was made by the Baku Machine Building Plant "Bakinskiy Rabochiy" but
the mastering of this unit has not yet been started.
In 1953, the research and development institute developed a catalytic-
cracking catalyst from natural activated clay similar to the bentonite
found at Khanlar.
The Ministry of Petroleum Industry Azerbaydzhan SSR decided to
test the new technology at the catalyst pilot factory, which, was to
be rebuilt and adapted for the production of catalyst from Khanlar
bentonite. Iiowev,er, 2 years have passed and reconstruction of the
factory has not yet been started.
The introduction of new engineering and technology into the Azer-
baydzhan oil refineries depends on the construction agencies of the
republic's oil ministry and on how these projects are supplied with
materials.
The research and development institutes develop new methods but
there has been a laxity to put these methods into use.
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III. FERROUS METALLURGY
Production
KAZAKHSTAN COMBINE PLANS HIGH ANNUAL PRODUCTION -- Minsk, Sovetskaya
Belorussiya, 5 Dec 57
In 1965, the Sokolovsk-Sarbay Ore Concentrating Combine in Kazakh-
stan will be producing 20 million tons of ore annually.
The 7-year plan provides for exploitation of the Kachkanarskoye
magnetite iron ore deposit. An ore concentrating plant will-be built on
the basis of this deposit which will produce almost 15 million tons of
ore annually.
On the basis of the Lisakovskoye limonite ore deposit, an ore con-
centrating combine is to be built which, by the end of the 7-year plan
period, will be producing 16.5 million tons of ore annually. in addi-
tion, the initial production capacity of the Kustanay Metallurgical
Plant will be set up on the basis of the ore deposit and the concentrat-
ing plant.
AMURSTAL' SHOP STEPS UP FURNACE OUTPUT -- Khabarovsk, Dal'niy Vostck,
No 6, Nov/Dec 57, p 141
In 1955, the open-hearth shop of the Amurstal' Metallurgical Plant
produced 6.98 tons of steel a day per square meter of furnace hearth
area. In 1956, the daily average was increased to 7.59 tons of steel.
LENINRUDA TRUST AHEAD OF SCHEDULE -- Moscow, Trud, 28 Nov 57
The Leninruda Trust has fulfilled its 11-month plan ahead of sched-
ule. The trust produced 550,000 tons more ore than for the corresponding
period of 1956.
USSR STEEL PIPE PRODUCTION ON INCREASE -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomiche-
skaya Gazeta, 27 Nov 57
After World War II, the USSR pipe industry became the second largest
producer of pipe in the world. Since the war, new pipe plants have been
built. A large, fully integrated plant was built near Tbilisi which pro-
duces primarily pipe for the petroleum industry. In 1956, this plant
producted 218,000 tons of products. The Baku Pipe Rolling Plant produced
157,000 tons of pipe in 1956.
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The reconstructed Nikopol' Southern Pipe Plant now produces more
than 2,000 different size pipes from 130 grades of steels and alloys.
In 1940, the plant produced 83,700 tons of pipe and, in 1956, 352,000
tons. Production at the Chelyabinsk Pipe Plant, which is the largest
in the Soviet Union, exceeds 600,000 tons of pipe a year.
In the initial 5-year plan periods, the Ukrainian SSR produced most
of the pipe in the USSR. Now, the Ukrainian SSR produces only 40 per-
cent, the Urals 30 percent, and the Central Region, North Caucasus, and
Transcaucasus areas the remaining 30 percent.
USSR PER-CAPITA CASTINGS PRODUCTION HIGH -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 8 Dec 57
In 1913, the production of castings in the USSR amounted to 3.5 kilo-
grams per person. At present, it is almost 60 kilograms.
NEW RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION TO REQUIRE MUCH STEEL -- Moscow, Sovetskaya
Rossiya, 3 Dec 57
In the Sixth Five-Year Plan period, 65,000 kilometers of new rails
will be laid. A running meter of rail weighs more than 50 kilograms.
Therefore, more than 3.2 million tons of steel will be needed for this
purpose.
About 100,000 tons of steel are needed for the construction of a
thermal electric power station with an output of 300,000 kilowatts and
400,000 tons for the construction of a hydroelectric power station the
size of the Dneproges Station.
Construction
NEW USSR IRON ORE CONCENTRATING COMBINES PLANNED -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan-
skaya Pravda, 21 Nov 57
In the Sixth Five-Year Plan period, the Bol'shoy Turgay Region will
become a large iron ore basin. The Sokolovsk-Sarbay Ore Concentrating
Combine is already producing, and preparations are now being made for the
construction of the Lisakovsk Ore Concentrating Combine. Geologists have
completed investigating the Kacharskoye Deposit. The ores of this de-
posit are of exceedingly high quality. Much of the ore is so-called open-
hearth ore.
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Plans for the Kachar Ore Concentrating Combine have already been
started. The combine will be under construction in the current 5-year
plan period. The deposits of ore are to be worked by the open-cut
method. A new mining town will be built on the shores of Utyugun-Kul'
Lake. The Kachar Combine will become the third largest mining enter-
prise in the Bol'shoy Turgay Region.
LARGE METALLURGICAL PLANT PLANNED FOR KARAGANDA -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan-
skaya Pravda, 4 Dec 57
More than 6 billion rubles was allocated for the construction of
the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant, which will be comparable in output
to the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine.
More than 1,000 volunteers from Bulgaria, in addition to workers
from all over the Soviet Union, have come to build the plant.
KRIVOY ROG PLANT TO HAVE NEW BLAST FURNACE -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy,
10 Dec 57
The Krivorozhstroy Trust has started construction of blast furnace
No 4 of the Krivorozhstal' [Krivoy Rog] Metallurgical Plant. This
furnace will be the largest in the Ukrainian SSR. It will produce as
much pig iron per day as blast furnaces No 1 and No 2 together.
Alloys and High-Grade Steel Production
STEEL FROM PRECISION CASTING INCREASES -- Moscow, Stanki i Instrument,
No 12, Dec 57, p 38
The volume of production of precision casting in tool producing
plants has recently increased 400 percent. Parts for measuring, fitting-
assembly, and auxiliary tools have accounted for 84 percent of the total
increase, woodworking tools 6 percent, and metal-cutting tools for only
10 percent. There are considerably more cast cutting tools issued by
tool shops of the machine building plants (knives and miscellaneous cut-
ters, drills and reamers, end milling cutters, inserted blade (nasadnyye)
milling cutters). The cost of cast tools is 50 percent lower than that
of tools made from rolled or forged iron; in fact, the difference is even
greater than that in view of the small volume of production.
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NEW ALLOYED IRON IMPROVES QUALITY OF IRON CASTINGS -- Moscow, Promyshienno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 27 Nov 57
To improve the quality of iron castings, an iron produced from ex-
pensive chromium-nickel ore was used until recently by the Rubtsovsk
Altay Tractor Plant. The plant now uses an inexpensive natural alloyed
iron produced from Orsk-Khalilovo ore. The percent of casting rejects
has decreased, and the cost of charges has been sharply reduced.
Technology
URAL PLANT DEVELOPS NEW METHOD TO IMPROVE IRON CASTINGS -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 1 Dec 57
The Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant has successfully completed
tests of a new method to remove crusts from iron and steel castings.
A cast item is put into a molten salt bath to which a direct elec-
trical current is applied. It formerly-took 8-10 hours to remove these
crusts from large and complex castings,. but it takes only 30-4+0 minutes
by using the new method.
The new method is particularly economical in removing crusts from
precision castings having complex forms.
CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE PROVES EFFECTIVE IN NOVO-TULA PLANT -- Moscow,
Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 5 Dec 57
Since the beginning of 1957, almost 9,000 tons of various grades
of steel have been cast on the continuous casting machine at the Novo-
Tula Metallurgical Plant.
Improvements continue to be made on the casting machine to increase
the production of steel.
STEEL-VACUUMING UNIT ASSEMBLED AT STALINGRAD PLANT -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 13 Dec 57
A unit for vacuuming steel has been assembled at the Stalingrad
Krasnyy Oktyabr' Metallurgical Plant.
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USE OF OXYGEN TO STEP UP METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION'-- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy,
13 Dec 57
An oxygen station has been put into n,-,eration at the Dneprodzer-
zhinsk Metallurgical Plant imeni Dzerhinskiy. By using oxygen, open-
hearth shop No 3 will increase production 15-20 percent.
Scrap Metal Collection
MOSCOW YOUTHS COLLECT SCRAP -- Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 19 Nov 57
In response to the call of the Moscow City Committee of the Komsomol,
about 200,000 school youths, young workers, and others took part in
collecting metal scrap. This collection continued for 40 days. The
youth of Moscow collected more than 8,500 tons of scrap ready for resmelt-
ing.
The collection of metal Scrap continues.
ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTIVE TO SCRAP DEALERS -- Stalinabad, Kommunist Tad-
zhikistana, 23 Nov 57
The Tadzhik Vtorchermet (Secondary Ferrous Metals) Administration
requests that all scrap deliverers confirm all of their bank requisi-
tions to the administration for the payment of metal scrap.
An accounting to scrap deliverers for metal scrap will be made by
Vtorchermet immediately on receipt of bank requisitions.
Prospecting and Exploration
NEW IRON DEPOSITS EXPLORED IN KAZAKH SSR -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 26 Nov 57
About 460 iron ore deposits have been explored in the Kazakh SSR.
It is time now to think about building a second metallurgical plant
in Temir Tau.
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RICH TON ORE DEPOSITS FOUND IN UKRAINE -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomiche-
skaya Gazeta, 4 Dec 57
Rich deposits of iron ore have been found near the settlement of
Bol'shaya Belozerka in Zaporozhskaya Oblast. The Belozerka Magnetic
Anamoly holds many million tons of high-grade ore.
Somewhat earlier, a manganese ore deposit was discovered near the
town of Bol'shoy Tokmak, which is also in Zaporozhskaya Oblast.
Miscellaneous
COMPOSITION OF KRIVOY ROG CONCENTRATING COMBINE -- Moscow, Gornyy Zhurnal,
No 12, Dec 57; p 45
The Krivoy Rog Yuzhniy Ore Concentrating Combine consists of an open-
pit mine with an annual output of 9 million tons of raw ore, a concentrat-
ing mill with an output of 9 million tons of concentrate containing 52
percent iron, and an agglomerating plant with an output of 5,250,000 tons
of agglomerate.
INTRODUCTION OF 7-HOUR DAY INCREASES STEEL PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Trud,
30 Nov 57
Since the beginning of November, the steel-smelting shops of the
Elektrestal' Plant have been working a 7-hour day. The initial results
indicate that considerably more metal was produced than before. One
brigade in Steel-Smelting Shop No 2 produced 10 percent, a second bri-
gade 12 percent, and a third 19 percent above plan. Steel-Smelting
Shop No 1 produced 10 percent above plan.
REFRACTORY PLANT NEEDS WORKERS -- Moscow, Vechernaya Moskva, 19 Nov 57
The Vnukovo Refractory Plant needs experienced mechanics, loaders,
fitters, and helpers.
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IV. NONFERROUS NETAILURGY
Production
LENINOGORSK COMBINE INCREASES PRODUCTION -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 28 Nov 57
The mining and concentrating mill personnel of the Leninogorsk
Polymetallic Combine has already produced 22 million rubles' worth of
products above plan. Total production is 11.5 percent _~ater Benin the
corresponding period of 1956. The mines of the combine have sent 180,000
tons of ore above plan to the concentrating mill.
The mining personnel of the Bystrushin Mine has produced more than
70,000 tons of ore above plan.
More than 2,100 workers have completed their annual tasks ahead of
schedule. The Transferable Red Banner of the Vostochno Kazakhstanskiy
Sovnarkhoz (Council of National Economy) has been awarded to the person-
nel of the combine.
Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 21 Nov 57
In 1957, the Leninogorsk Lead Plant of the Leninogorsk Polymetallic
Combine has already produced 1,800 tons of above-plan crude lead. The
plant has also produced much metallic cadmium and mercury.
TEKELI MINE PLEDGES HIGHER OUTPUT -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda,
30 Nov 57
Putting level No 6 into operation at the Tekeli Mine has been delayed
for more than a year. However, after the mine personnel made pledges,
all efforts are being concentrated on this decisive level.
In September, the Mine imeni Ordzhonikidze in the Krivbas area
challenged the Tekeli Mine to compete in production in honor of the 40th
anniversary of the revolution. In accepting the challenge, the Tekeli
Mine workers pledged to do away with lagging production and to make the
mine one of the better ones in the nonferrous metallurgical industry by
the end of 1957.
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KADZHARAN COMBINE PRODUCES ABOVE PLAN -- Yerevan, Kommunist, 20 Nov 57
The Kadzharan Copper and Molybdenum Combine completed its 1957 plan
for the production of molybdenum concentrate on 5 November. The plan for
total production was fulfilled 10+.5 percent.
Construction
UZBEK SSR BUILDS NONFERROUS METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES -- Moscow, Promy-
shlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 5 Dec 57
A number of nonferrous metallurgical enterprises are being built
in the Uzbek SSR. The construction of a copper and molybdenum combine
in Almalyk is under way. An electric power substation and an electrified
railway high up in the mountains are being prepared for operation. A
concentrating mill is being built. Within days, the combine will. be proc-
essing several thousand tons of raw material.
Construction of the Altyn-Topkan Lead and Zinc Combine is being ac-
celerated.
Technology
NEED FOR IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY IN PROCESSING COPPER ORES -- Moscow, Promy-
shlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 27 Nov 57
In the future, USSR copper production growth will have to be made
to a considerable degree by using oxide and mixed copper ores. The re-
serves of such ores at Dzhezkazgan and Almalyk are estimated at millions
of tons. In the first 5 or 6 years of operation, the Almalyk Plant
will process only copper oxide ores.
In the usual system of flotation the extraction of copper'is not
great, since part of the copper is lost in the tailings. Tens of'thou-
sands of tons of copper are lost in tailings produced from Kounrad
oxide ores at the Balkhash Concentrating Mill. The proportion of copper
extracted from ore from the Raymund Section at the Karsakpay Concentrat-
ing Mill has decreased to 30 percent. The only way to increase the
yield of copper from difficult-to-concentrate oxide and mixed ores is to
introduce the Mostovich method of flotation.
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Experiments conducted on a semi-industrial scale by the Balkhash
Copper Smelting Plant in conjunction with Gintsvetmet (State Scientific
Research Planning Institute for Nonferrous Metallurgy) for processing
Dzhezkazgan oxide ores from the 7latoust open-Pit Mine showed that 50
percent more copper is extracted by using the Mostovich method than by
the usual method. The copper concentrate contained 30-35 percent copper
instead of only 15-17 percent. Similar results were obtained in process-
ing the Almalyk ores.
To process ore by the Mostovich process is more expensive than by
the usual method, for, depending on the quality of the ore, an additional
4-6 tons of sulfuric acid is needed for each ton of copper in the con-
centrate and about 2-2.5 tons of iron chips or sponge iron.
It is often forgotten that oxide ore, which is not processed by
the Mostovich method, is actually useless rock. From the national eco-
nomic Sumps. of view it is better to process it for the copper than save
it in dumps. It is understandable that the Mostovich method will prove
most economical if inexpensive sulfuric acid and iron production are
organized locally. Sulfuric acid production should be set up at the
A1mal yk Plant and the second section of the Dzhezkazgan Plant before
they are put into operation.
The scientific research and planning institutes should find ways
to improve further the Mostovich technology and to decrease the consump-
tion of acid and iron for increasing the extraction of copper.
The Tashkentskiy and Karagandinskiy sovnarkhozes must give more at-
tention to introducing the Mostovich method.
NICKEL RECOVERY METHODS -- Moscow, Tsvetnyye Metally, No 11, Nov 57,
Pp 36, 4o
The sulfide technology for processing sulfur-free oxide ores can-
not be considered satisfactory, since the nickel has to undergo repeated
conversion. First, sulfur is introduced to produce a raw matte. Then
it is oxidized and the nickel is again converted to NiO. In the eighth
operation, metallic nickel is finally produced. By this method, nickel
is extracted (less than 70 percent), some cobalt is obtained, and all
of the iron remains in the slag.
Nickel is used primarily for alloying steel; therefore, metallic
nickel can, to a considerable extent, be replaced by ferronickel, which
can be produced by recovery smelting of nickel oxide ores. The produc-
tion of this ferronickel excludes the consumption of sulfur-containing
additions.
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Blast furnace smelting is one of the best known recovery technol-
ogies. It ensures 100-percent recovery of nickel, cobalt, and iron in
metallic form. The shortcoming of this method is the production of pig
iron with a low nickel concentration (4-6 percent).
In connection with the discovery of considerable reserves of nickel
oxide ores in the Ukraine, the question of using them has arisen.
In 1950, the Kiev Polytechnic Institute conducted laboratory experi-
ments which demonstrated the possibility of totally recovering nickel
from oxide ore and of leaving any desirable quantity of the iron in the
slag. By changing the quantity of the reducing agent, the percentage of
iron converted to metal was decreased from 90 to 43.6 percent. The ex-
traction of nickel was approximately 100 percent. The concentration of
nickel in the produced metal was twice as great (31.6 percent).
The good results obtained in the laboratory permitted testing the
technology of selective recovery of nickel on an industrial scale.
First industrial-scale heats were made in the open-hearth of the Kiev
Bol'shevik Plant in 1950. A ferronickel was produced containing 25.4-
26.5 percent nickel and .8-.9 percent cobalt, of which 79.6-83.7 per-
cent of both elements was extracted.
Experiments have shown that recovery smelting of oxide ores is
simpler and more economical than the sulfide technology.
Blast furnace smelting can be used for producing a product with a
low nickel concentration (chromium-nickel pig iron). Blast furnace smelt-
ing ensures not only greater nickel extraction but also greater iron ex-
traction.
It is feasible to produce a product with a greater nickel concentra-
tion (ferronickel) in large open-hearth furnaces by selective recovery.
All grades of nickel-alloyed steels can be produced on the basis of niclzal
pig iron and ferronickel.
Calculations indicate that the cost of nickel in ferronickel will
be less than the cost for metallic nickel which is produced from oxide
ores by the sulfide method.
The proposed technology permits easy and quick mastery of the new
raw material base and will ensure the Ukrainian plants of local nickel.
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CHIMKENT PLANT PREPARES FOR ANTIMONY PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 11 Dec 57
An industrial unit has been put into operation at the Chimkent Lead
Plant for the production of commercial metallic antimony. Antimony is
extracted from sodium antimonate which is a by-product in the refining
of lead. Until recently, only a small part of the sodium antimonate was
used in the reverberatory furnace. The metal that was produced from the
sodium antimonate was used by the plant itself, and most of it was sold
to other enterprises as an antimonic concentrate.
Assembling of units for the extraction of cadmium, tellurium, and
thallium has begun at the Chimkent Plant.
WORK ON TECHNOLOGY AND METALLURGY OF RARE METALS WEAK -- Moscow, Pravda,
4 Dec 57
Industrial use of many rare metal deposits is at present held up
because of insufficient study of the ores and because of the absence of
satisfactory technological methods for concentrating and chemically proc-
essing them. The Academy of Sciences USSR is obligated to hasten its
work in the technology and metallurgy of rare metals.
Prospecting and Exploration
KAZAKH SSR HAS HIGH PERCENTAGE OF MANY IMPORTANT MINERALS -- Moscow,
Razvedka i Okhrana Nedr, No 12, Dec 57, p 8
Of the total USSR explored reserves of the most important kinds of
minerals, the Kazakh SSR as of 1 January 1956 accounted for 62 percent
of the lead, 43 percent of the zinc, 44 percent of the copper, 89 percent
of the chromite, 44 percent of the tungsten) 21 percent of the molybdenum,
and 54 percent of the phosphorites. Based on calculations for 1956 and
1957, the Kazakh SSR is the foremost area in the USSR in tungsten and
molybdenum reserves.
In 1945-1947, tungsten and molybdenum deposits were found in Central
Kazakhstan by G. I. Bedrov and M. A. Konoplyantsev. Ore concentrating
plants are being planned on the basis of these deposits.
Since 1950, considerable reserves of niobium and zirconium have been
found and explored in Kazakhstan. In 1954, placer deposits of titanium-
containing minerals were found in the Turgay Depression; these placer
deposits are being investigated.
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In 1955, mercury was found in Kazakhstan which is favorable in geo-
logical and economic respects. Exploratory work is being conducted, and
a search for other deposits of mercury has been set up on a large scale.
In 1956, prospecting operations disclosed new molybdenum, tungsten,
and other nonferrous metal deposits in Central Kazakhstan. New, promis-
ing beds of kaolin salts and of borates have been found in West Kazakh-
stan. Much study is being done on the ores of the explored deposits.
In 1950-1956, reserves of lead ore were found in Central Kazakhstan which
will permit building large polymetallic industry enterprises in this area.
KAZAKH SSR HOLDS TREMENDOUS RESERVES FOR COPPER INDUSTRY -- Alma-Ata,
Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 7 Dec 57
Much lies ahead for workers in the USSR copper industry. Despite
considerable success, USSR copper production is still below its possi-
bilities. The industry does not provide enough copper for national
economic requirements and, therefore, the copper industry retards the
rapid growth of many important industries, particularly the power in-
dustry, which requires large quantities of copper.
The Kazakh SSR nonferrous metallurgical industry is largely respon-
sible for providing Soviet industry with copper, since it is the chief
source in the Soviet Union for the production of copper ore and the
smelting of copper.
It is calculated that the Kazakh SSR holds half of all the copper
reserves in the USSR. The republic has about 60 deposits. Only recently,
large reserves of copper ore were found in the foothills of the Chingiz-
Tau Range.
The Dzhezkazgan Copper Deposit is the gem of the Kazakh SSR copper
industry and is considered the largest deposit in the USSR. The Dzhez-
kazgan ores do not contain zinc, which simplifies the technology for
processing them. However, the former Ministry of Nonferrous Metallurgy
and Gosplan USSR, despite the feasibility of developing the Dzhezkazgan
Deposit, scattered funds in expanding the copper ore industry over other
parts of the country where mining and processing of ore were not as fa-
vorable. This practice caused an insufficient material supply for the
copper producing plants in the Urals and the Kazakh SSR.
For example, in 1956, the Dzhezkazgan Mine Administration failed
to produce thousands of tons of ore. In 1957, although the administra-
tion has increased ore production, some of the shafts continue to lag
and have again failed to produce thousands of tons of ore. Furthermore,
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the administration management gives little attention to economic ques-
tions and has failed to lower the cost of ore. A ton of ore costs 6
rubles above plan at the Pokro Shaft and 4 rubles at the Petro Shaft.
In 1960, ore production at the Dzhezkazgan Mine should be 2.5 times
as great as in 1955. To achieve this production growth, a number of old
shafts will be rebuilt, two new shafts will be put into operation, and
the huge Zlatoust-Belovskiy Open-Pit Mine will be commissioned. However,
slow construction and inadequate shaft and open pit equipment create
doubt that the intended plans will be fulfilled. As yet, the rebuilding
of existing shafts has not been completed. These shafts were to have
been rebuilt 2 years ago. Work on the open pit mine is very slow.
Because of lagging ore production, the Balkhash Copper Smelting
Plant had a shortfall of more than 3,000 tons of blister copper for
the national economy in 1957.
In addition, the technological system in the basic shops of this
plant is being violated. In 8 months of 1957, equipment in the metal-
lurgical shop was idle for 363 hours and in the large concentrating
mill 298 hours.
There are great possibilities for increasing the output of products
by the plant. In 1956, the plant lost 2,500 tons of copper irretrievably
by way of the smokestack. About 50,000 tons of sulfur is lost this way,
from which 150,000 tons of sulfuric acid could be produced for use in
the production of mineral fertilizers. The plant is doing almost nothing
to correct this situation. Construction was started on a sulfuric acid
shop 3 years ago, but worked bogged down and nothing is being done about
it.
The Karsakpay Copper Smelting Plant is doing little to use its re-
serves. The mechanization of production processes at this plant is on
a very small scale. All labor-consuming operations have to be done
manually. Because of low mechanization, metal produced by the plant
costs a little over 20 percent more than it does at the Balkhash Plant.
TITANIUM DEPOSITS FOUND NEAR TOMSK -- Moscow, Pravda, 4 Dec 57
In searching for titanium bearing ores, geologists must direct
their attention above all to finding rich placers left by ancient seas,
similar to the Samotkanskoye Deposit, which was recently found in the
Ukrainian SSR.
Success has already been achieved in this respect. In the south-
eastern part of the West Siberia plains, near Tomsk, titanium-zirconium
placers have been found which are similar to the Samotkanskoye Deposit.
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NEW MERCURY DEPOSITS FOUND IN KIRGIZ SSR -- Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya,
23 Nov 57
A new mercury deposit has been found in the southern Kirgiz SSR.
The deposit is practically in a valley. Mining operations will be con-
ducted by the open-cut method.
A secondary mercury deposit was found in Oshskaya Oblast. Recently,
two lead deposits were found in the same area. One of the deposits can
be quickly exploited.
LEAD MINE FULFILLED 1957 EXTRACTION PLAN -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 30 Nov 57
The Maslyansk Mine of the Zyryanovsk Lead Combine has fulfilled its
plan for ore extraction for 1957. In 2 or 3 years, the mine will be pro-
ducing twice its present output.
BAUXITE AND MAGNESITE DEPOSITS FOUND IN KRASNOYARSKIY KRAY -- Moscow,
Priroda, No 3, Mar 57, p 70
High-quality bauxite deposits have been found in the central reaches
of the Tatarka River in Krasnoyarskiy Kray.
One of the largest high-quality magnesite deposits has also been
found in this area.
NEW METAL DEPOSITS DISCOVERED IN KAZAKH SSR -- Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya
Pravda, 11 Dec 57
Besides nonferrous and rare metal deposits which are being worked
in Central Kazakhstan, a number of new tungsten molybdenum deposits have
been found. The known reserves of ore at the Kounrad Copper Mine have
greatly increased. Large deposits of tantalum-niobium and nickel ores
have been found and are being investigated in the northern oblasts of
the Kazakh SSR. Nickel ores are also found in Zapadno Kazakhstanskaya
Oblast and near Dzhezhkazgan. Besides, it is possible that new sections
of nickel ores will be found in the area of the Kimpersay Mines.
Before the revolution, there were no explored reserves of aluminum-
bearing material in the Kazakh SSR. Now, the explored reserves in Kazakh-
stan accour_V for 15 percent of the known reserves in the Soviet Union.
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GOLD DEPOSITS EXPLORED IN SOUTH TADZHIKSTAN -- Stalinabad, Kommunist
Tadzhikistana, 19 Nov 57
For several years, the South Tadzhik Expedition of the Tadzhik Geo-
logical Administration has been exploring the valley of the Yakh-Su River
in search of gold. A systematic search for gold deposits is being con-
ducted 70 kilometers from Khovalingskiy at a height of about 2,000 kilo-
meters above sea level.
The investigative work is coming to a close, and in 1958, the work
will be completed. On the basis of explored reserves of ore, mining
enterprises will soon be built to mine the ore on an industrial scale.
Miscellaneous
NEED FOR NONFERROUS TECHNICIANS IN ARMENIA -- Yerevan, Kommunist, 23 Nov
57
The Nonferrous Metallurgical and Mining Industry Administration of
the Armenian Sovnarkhoz needs experienced electrical engineers, mechanical
engineers, chief accountants, and planning workers for production supply.
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V. COAL INDUSTRY
General
CONTINUED EMPHASIS ON MECHANIZATION AND AUTOMATION -- Moscow, Mekhanizats-
iya Truda i Tyazhelykh Rabot, No 11, Nov 57, pp 14+-17
At the beginning of 1957, loading in USSR mines on the average was
36 percent mechanized. In the basic coal basins the level of mechani-
zation was much higher -- 42 percent in the Donbass, 46 percent in the
Kuzbass, 67 percent in Karaganda, and 49 percent in Pechora.
In 1956, the average monthly output of the Donbass combine was 35
percent higher than in 1950.
The installation of metal supports in 1,3+0 faces started at the
beginning of 1957. The installation of anchor-type supports was also
begun; these must be more widely applied in the future.
There were 5,500 coal- and rock-loading machines of various types
operating in USSR mines at the beginning of 1957. In 1956, rock and
coal loading in horizontal preparatory workings was almost 50 percent
mechanized in the USSR. In the basic basins the percentage was higher
68 percent for the Donbass, 65 percent for the Kuzbass, and 64+ percent
in Karaganda.
The rate of shaft-sinking has increased considerably as a result of
higher mechanization levels and improved organization of production and
work. In 1956, the average monthly speed of shaft tunneling in the Donbass
was 28.7 meters, in the Kuzbass 29.7 meters, and in Karaganda 25.8 meters,
an increase of 50-100 percent over the level attained in the beginning
of the Fifth Five-Year Plan and three to five times the prerevolution
level.
In 1956, the concentration plants of the USSR coal industry processed
90.8 million tons of coal and manufactured 3.1 million tons of briquettes.
The development of the open-pit method will increase; it is expected
that in 1960 at least 120 million tons of coal will beextracted by this
method. In 1956, 77.5 million tons of coal was extracted by the open-
pit method.
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There are still many unutilized reserves for the growth of coal out-
put and labor productivity in the industry. The utilization of these
reserves calls for the solution of important problems in the technical
development of coal output. Some of these problems are the installation
of supports, roof control, and the movement of conveyers. These -proc-
esses occupy the time of almost one third of all underground workers.
The task of complex mechanization of coal extraction processes can-
not be solved without a sharp improvement in underground transport in
USSR mines. During the coming years, the coal industry must complete
the first stage of complex mine mechanization -- the mechanization of
basic labor-consuming processes and the automation of control appara-
tuses for various mine mechanisms. The next stage will be the mechani-
zation of all complex work in stope faces, in preparatory faces, in
underground transport, and at the mine surface and also the conversion
to automation or remote control of entire production processes.
Administration
JURISDICTION OF KARAGANDA MACHINERY REPAIR PLANTS TRANSFERRED -- Moscow,
Master Uglya, No 10, Oct 57, p 16
The mining machinery repair plants, which were previously subor-
dinate to the Karagandaugol' and Karagandashakhtostroy (Karaganda Mine
Construction) combines, have been transferred to the Machine Building
Administration of the Karagandinskiy Sovnarkhoz (Council of National
Economy). They will manufacture machines and mechanisms for the coal
industry and carry out capital repairs of mine equipment.
The construction organizations of Karaganda have been given the
task of designing coal-extraction machines and equipment specifically
for operation under conditions in the basin. The Karaganda Scientific
Research Coal Institute is now working on the modernization of the PKD-1
mine-tunneling combine.
Production
PLAN GOALS FULFILLED -- Moscow, Pravda, 28 Nov 57
The K:rasnodonugol' Trust is the first in the Voroshilovgradskiy
Economic Region to fulfill its 1957 plan goals.
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Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 15 Nov 57
The miners of Karaganda have fulfilled their 1957 plan goals ahead
of schedule. Two thirds of all the coal output in the basin is extracted
by mining combines.
Moscow. Pravda, 30 Nov 57
The miners of the Kuzbass fulfilled their 11-month plan goals on
28 November 1957. The Kuzbasugol' Combine is daily extracting 14,600
tons more fuel than it did in 1956.
KIZEL BASIN MINERS DO NOT FULFILL PLAN GOALS -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 15 Nov 57
The miners of the Kizel Basin have not fulfilled their plan goals
for a long time. Stope advance is slow, proper techniques are poorly
utilized, and the work of the miners is poorly organized. As a result,
the basin is 30,000 tons short of plan goals.
A study of the situation by the Permskiy Sovnarkhoz resulted in
the following recommendations: a speed-up in basic planned mine pro-
duction capacities, improved systems of mine development, and mechani-
zation of the more labor-consuming operations.
PROBLEM OF COAL SUPPLY AND DELIVERY STILL SERIOUS IN GEORGIA -- Moscow,
Master Uglya, No 10, Oct 57, p 16
The problem of coal deliveries to consumers has been a very real
one in Georgia. In recent years, the plans for coal deliveries have
not been met and, as a result, many large enterprises have experienced
a fuel shortage, particularly during the winter months.
To avoid a repetition of this situation, the Georgian sovnarkhoz
decided to take measures-to guarantee an adequate supply of fuel for enter-
prises consuming Georgia coal. Since the successful fulfillment of the
production plan by the coal enterprises of Georgia, supplies of coal to
the Georgian, Armenian, and Azerbaydzhan republics has been proceeding
normally in 1957.
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However, because of the limited fuel resources of Georgia, some of
the enterprises have been obtaining coal from the Donbass. Receipt of
the coal is often delayed, however, because of the long haulage distance
and prolonged period of transfer at the ports of Zhdanov and Poti. Until
its arrival, therefore, the sovnarkhoz has allocated its consumers suffi-
cient quantities of coal by means of a redistribution of reserves among
enterprises.
An analysis is being conducted on the work of each mine
and section in an effort to improve further all the technical and eco-
nomic indexes of the coal industry in the republic. An improvement in
coal quality has also been given attention by the sovnarkhoz. The meas-
ures taken in this connection have already yielded results.
PLAN GOALS FULFILLED; SUPPLIES STILL SHORT -- Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya,
3 Dec 57
The miners of the Tul'skiy Economic Region have exceeded their plan
goals by 900,000 tons since the beginning of 1957. They have resolved
to bring this amount to one million tons by the end of the year.
Despite this, the supply of Mosbass coal is still insufficient for
the needs of the industries of the central regions of the RSFSR. In
1956 alone, about 15 million tons of coal was imported from the Donets,
Kuznetsk, Karaganda, Pechora, and other basins. The transfer of this
coal costs more than 500 million rubles. Local output must rise in
order to decrease hauling costs.
Large coal deposits have been surveyed in the Tul'skiy Economic
Region. The most promising of these are in the Cherepetskiy, Aleksin-
skiy, and Venevskiy coal-bearing regions. Furthermore, open-pit mining
can be organized in many sectors.
The Tulaugol' Combine built a small test open pit in Kimovskiy
Rayon with a planned capacity of 830 tons a day. Operations have been
under way for little more than 7 months and excellent results have been
obtainea. Daily production in October came to 1,150 tons and monthly
labor productivity reached 201 tons, almost five times the average labor pro-
ductivity for the Tulaugol' Combine. The pit has yielded the cheapest
fuel in the basin. This pit is staffed by 170 men, whereas an under-
ground mine of such capacity would need 700 to 750 men.
The Kimovskiy open-pit mine is under construction and is scheduled
to begin operations in the near future. It will replace two average
mines. Construction has also begun on the Belichevskiy open pit.
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The possibilities exist for the construction of large mines in place
of average and small ones. Capital investments per ton, during construc-
tion of a mine with an output capacity of 600,000 tons a year, are two
thirds those of a mine with a 200,000-ton-a-year capacity, while the
production ?ate is double that of such a mine. Mechanization and auto-
mation underground, as well as on the surface, can be more extensive.
The Tulaugol' Combine now has 87 Donbass combines. Labor-consuming
operations are being successfully mechanized and all faces at Mine No 6
Lipkovskaya will be converted to combine extraction in 1958. The K-56
and K-57 combines have been developed for the mines at Tula.
The combine and its trusts have recently worked out a plan for
mechanization and automation of production processes over a 7-year period.
Moscow coal is also an excellent raw material for the chemical indus-
try. Scientific research and experimentation is opening up broad prospects
for complex utilization of the coal. -- A. Subbotin, Chief, Tulaugol'
Combine.
MINING OPERATIONS BEGIN -- Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 15 Nov 57
Mine Belorechenskaya has begun operations. The mine, one of the
largest in the Donbass, has an estimated production capacity of 2,500
tons a day. A settlement for miners has been built nearby and the
miners' apartments are heated.
Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 7 Dec 57
Mine Belorechenskaya of the Leninugol' Trust, which has recently
begun mining operations, has powerful combines, rock-loading machines,
and heavy electric locomotives. The majority of underground workings
are supported by reinforced concrete supports.
Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 27 Nov 57
Mine Butovskaya-Glubokaya, where the first level has begun opera-
tions, is the deepest in the Donbass. Of the five shafts, the skip and
cage shafts go to a depth of 1,032 and 1,056 meters, respectively. The
shafts cut through five seams of valuable coking-quality coal.
The shafts are rigged with modern hoisting equipment.
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Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 27 Nov 57
Mine No 1 Poltavskaya-Komsomol'skaya has been released for mining
operations.
Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 28 Nov 57
Mine Poltavskaya-Komsomolskaya, which has begun mining operations
one month ahead of schedule, has a production capacity of 500 tons of
anthracite a day.
Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 17 Nov 57
Mine Rovenskaya-Komsomol'skaya in the Donbass has a planned produc-
tion capacity of 150,000 tons a year and was completed 1.5 months ahead
of schedule.
Moscow, Pravda, 18 Nov 57
Mine Rovenskaya-Komsomol'skaya has a daily production capacity of
500 tons.
Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 16 Nov 57
Mine Rovenskaya-Komsomol'skaya is the 18th mine, of the 35 being
built in the Ukraine with Komsomol aid, to begin operations.
Technology
NEW COMPLEX FOR INCLINED SEAMS TESTED IN DONBASS -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 22 Nov 57
Tests have been successfully concluded on a new coal complex in Mine
Zapadnaya-Kapital'naya of the Nesvetayantratsit Trust. The complex is
intended for work in seams having a thickness of from one to 1.6 meters.
It consists of an M-39 support, a K-26 broad-bite combine, and a KS-1
permanent, curved conveyer.
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The use of this new complex solves to a considerable degree the
problem of complex mechanization of coal extraction in inclined seams.
In addition, favorable conditions are created for cyclic organization
of work, expenditures for support timbers are considerably decreased,
basic processes can be completely mechanized, and labor-consuming work
in the installation of supports and roof control is eliminated. The
new coal complex also will permit increased labor productivity and de-
creased coal costs.
NEW METHANE DETECTOR DEVELOPED -- Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 29 Nov 57
The Laboratory of Automatics and Telemechanics of the Academy of
Sciences Ukrainian SSR is at present working on automatic devices which
will direct coal-cutting machines precisely along the boundary between
the coal and rock, thus allowing extraction along the entire thickness
of the seam.
The Laboratory of Ventilation, which is headed by A. Shcherban',
an active member of the academy, has developed an automatically operating
gas analyzer, which is now being series-produced. If the concentration
of methane in the area where mining machines are operating and where
the methane detector is operating exceeds the permissible limit, auto-
matic sound and light alarm signals are switched on. If measures for
degasification are not taken, then the power supply to the section is
automatically cut off and work is discontinued.
BEGIN TESTS ON MINERS' LAMPS -- Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 29 Nov 57
Tests have begun in Mine No 8 at Stalino on a consignment of new,
lighter lamps created by Dongiprouglemash (Donets State Planning, Con-
struction, and Testing Institute for Complex Organization of Mines).
The light is fastened to the miner's cap and is powered by a battery
suspended from the belt. The entire assembly weighs 1.6 kilograms,
2.5 kilograms less than those is use at present. A feature of the con-
struction considerably simplifies the charging of the new lamp, making
it possible for the workers themselves to do this after coming out of
the mini.
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TURBULENT BED SEPARATOR BEING BUILT FOR COAL CONCENTRATION -- Moscow,
Trud, 30 Nov 57
The separator now being built by the Karaganda Machine Building
Plant imeni Parkhomenko operates on the principle of a turbulent bed
of crushed particles, which has been widely utilized in the petroleum
industry during gasification and in the dressing and enriching of ore.
The bodies in the turbulent sand bed of this separator are separated
according to their specific weight. Those having lighter specific
weight float to the surface, while those with heavier specific weight
sink to the bottom. The separator is being built according to the plans
of V. L. Przhetslavskiy, an engineer of the Karagandagiproshakht (Kara-
ganda State Mine Planning) Institute.
This new, unique aggregate is intended for the separation of coal
from rock at the concentration plant of Mine No 38 of the Kirovugol'
Trust. The use of this installation makes possible the concentration
of 25 tons of coal an hour, eliminating the necessity for bulky con-
centration equipment.
The institute is now developing plans for a separator with a larger
capacity for the concentration, in a turbulent bed, of lump coal meas-
uring 300 millimeters. A concentration aggregate for such large pieces
is not as yet in existence. In comparison with the new SPB-100 separator,
which is operating in the open-pit mines of the Urals and Siberia, this
new unique separator improves the quality of concentration and results
in an over-all saving of at least 6 million rubles a year.
Engineer Prchetslavskiy is now working on the development of a
separator for the concentration, in a turbulent bed, of solid materials
through the use of centrifugal force, making the process of separation
many hundreds of times faster.
FIRST USE OF REINFORCED SUPPORTS IN INCLINED WORKINGS -- Moscow, Trud,
1 Dec 57
Reinforced, prefabricated concrete supports are being more widely
introduced in Karaganda Basin mines. Good results have been obtained
from their use in Mine No 4 in the new Churubay-Nurin coal deposit.
These supports are at the present supporting over 3 kilometers of under-
ground workings at the mine. The use of reinforced concrete supports
underground has permitted the collective to save 4 million rubles. This
is the first time such supports have been used for inclined workings in
the USSR. They provide an economical means of supporting mine workings
with an inclination of 45 degrees. Their arched form makes them sturdier
than all other existing types of underground supports.
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Construction
PROGRESS OF OPERATIONS AT KOMSOMOL' MINES SLOW -- Keiv, Pravda Ukrainy,
21 Nov 57
At a plenum of the oblast committee of the party in Voroshilovgrad
it was pointed out that a number of measures in connection with mining
and assembly work were mt completed and that mine settlements are being
slowly erected for mines No 2 Kievskaya-Komsomol'skaya, No 1 Khmelnitskaya-
Komsomol'skaya, and No 2 Zaporozhskaya-Komsomol'skaya.
PLAN OPEN PIT-MINE AT AZEY DEPOSIT -- Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Litva, 1 Nov
57
The Irkutskiy Sovnarkhoz has approved the plans for the construction
of the first open-pit mine on the Azey coal deposit. The mine, to be built
by the Irkutskpromstroy (Irkutsk Industrial Construction) Trust, will have
an annual planned capacity of 6 million tons.
CONSTRUCTION SLOW; BUILDERS' NEEDS NEGLECTED -- Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy
21 Nov 57
The progress of construction of the Komsomol' mines in the Donbass
was discussed at a plenum of the oblast committee of the party in Voroshi-
lovgrad.
Despite considerable success in the constrizctinn of these mines, it
was pointed out at the plenum that in the construction of mines No 2
Zaporozhskaya-Komsomol'skaya, No 2 Kievskaya-Komsorol'skaya, No 1
Khmelnitskaya-Komsomol'skaya, and a number of others the graphs for mining
and installation work are not being fulfilled. Furthermore, the settle-
ments for the miners are being erected slowly.
D'yachenko:, manager of the Sverdlovzhilstroy Trust, and Bredyuk,
manager of the Kadiyevshakhtostroy Trust, were sharply criticized for
lack of attention to the cultural and social needs of the young builders.
In the settlements of several of the mines the dormitories are unheated,
the dining halls and shops are poorly operated, and there are no shops
producing household necessities.
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It was corroborated at the meeting that all the Komsomol-built mines
will begin operations in 1957, part of them on the opening day of the ob-
last party conference in mid-December and the remainder on 25 December,
the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution in the Ukraine.
SOVNARKHOZ CRITICIZED FOR FAILURE TO IMPLEMENT DECISION -- Moscow,
Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 22 Nov 57
Almost half the mines being built in the Donbass with Komsomol aid
are being erected in Stalinskaya_ Oblast. Several of these mines
are already producing, while four others are scheduled to go into oper-
ation. However, the construction work on the remaining mines is pro-
ceeding very poorly. At Mine No 2 Vinnitskaya-Komsomol'skaya construc-
tion and installation work is less than half completed. Still needed
are 300 meters of underground entries, the construction of a building
for main and auxiliary hoists, an administrative and social complex,
the assembly of an electric power substation, a crushing and sorting
department, and a connecting gallery. However, there is no feeling
of urgency to progress, the construction brigades are incomplete, and
the delivery of materials has been poorly arranged.
Several construction organizations are concerned with construction
of these mines. The mine workings and construction of surface buildings
are being done by Administration No 7; Stalinshakhtostroymontazh (Stalino
Mine Construction Installation) Trust is installing equipment; and under-
ground trackage and the planning and organization of public services are
the responsibility of Stalindorvodstroy (Stalino Road and Water-Main Con-
struction) Trust. The Shakhterskzhilstroy (Shakhtersk Housing Construc-
tion) Trust is responsible for housing construction. Just as in other
Komsomol projects, these organizations do not take each other into con-
sideration and therefore do not coordinate their work.
In June 1957, the sovnarkhoz adopted a far-reaching decision on
measures to guarantee the beginning of operation of the mines in 1957.
The managers of trusts and administrations were made responsible for
supplying the various mine construction projects with the necessary equip-
ment, instruments, and materials. However, the tunnelers at Mine
Volynskaya-Komsomol'skaya have too few pneumatic drills, while installers
at Cherkasskaya-Komsomol'skaya lack welding equipment and pipes for the
heating system. The Shakhtersk Motor Depot was contracted to supply Mine
Vinnitskaya-Komsomol'skaya with 30 trucks daily, but has supplied less
than half that number.
It is unfortunate that the sovnarkhoz has not organized operational
controls to carry out the provisions of its decision.
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Prospecting
USSR GEOLOGICAL RESERVES GIVEN -- Moscow, Pravda, 4 Dec 57
The total geological reserves of coal in the USSR are estimated at
8,670,000,000 tons. Deposits of the Pechora Basin are estimated at 260
billion tons. The Kansk-Achinhk Basin in Krasnoyarskiy Kray along the
Siberian Railroad line is believed to have brown coal deposits of over
1.2 billion tons. The existence.of high-quality coke-chemical coal de-
posits in Yuzhno-Yakutsk was recently announced. Deposits of the Tungus
Basin in Siberia are estimated at over 1.5 billion tons [Vodnyy Transport,
17 December 1957, reported them to be 1.3 billion tons].
BROWN COAL IN PRIMORSKIY KRAY -- Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 20 Nov 57
A new brown coal basin has been found in Primorskiy Kray by geolo-
gists. Great deposits of coal are located not far from the Burlit sta-
tion.
EXPLOITATION OF KARA-KECH DEPOSIT -- Moscow, Komsomol'skaya Pravda,
16 Nov 57
Industrial exploitation of the Kara-Kech deposit in the Kirgiz SSR
is beginning. Estimated at total fuel deposits in the basin are in the
hundreds of millions of tons.
EXPANDING COKING COAL BASE OF GEORGIA -- Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 21 Nov
57
The Bzybsk, Tkvarcheli, Gelati, Tkibuli, and Shaori bituminous de-
posits and the Akhaltsikhe brown coal deposit are important to the in-
dustry of Georgia. The Tkvarcheli deposit is particularly important
because of its coking coals.
The southwest and southeast extensions of the first area of the Tkvar-
cheli and Bzybsk deposits are of great importance to the further expansion
of coking coal base of the republic. The Kavkazuglegeologiya (Caucasus
Coal Geology) Trust had planned the boring of two structural and pros-
pecting holes in the areas of the Belaya River and the Lashkender Ridge
in order to ascertain the coal-bearing layers of the deposits. However,
the offer of this trust was not accepted by the former Glavuglegeologiya
(Main Administration for Geology) of the Ministry of Coal Industry USSR.
It must be hoped that the problem will finally have a positive solution.
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The opening of the fourth and fifth sections of the Tkvarcheli de-
posit will be of great importance to the output of coking coals. The
detailed surveying of the fourth section has been concluded, and the
surveying of the fifth area will be completed in 1957.
The Tkibuli deposit of western Georgia consists of five sections
curving along the edge of the Tkibuli syncline. Three sections of this
deposit are completely surveyed and are being exploited. The Tkibulugol'
Trust, which is exploiting these sections, allows more than 40 percent
loss in the amount of coal during extraction. This is because the
mining of thick seams with hydraulic fill-in of the mined-out area has
not as yet been solved on an industrial scale. The solution of this
problem will permit an increase in the exploitable deposits of coal.
The Shaori deposit, largest in the republic, was opened by the
former Kavkazuglegeologiya Trust in 1956.
The new organizational structure of the geological services in
Georgia increases the effectiveness of projected geological survey work
and the complex study of the natural resources of the republic.
Safety
SAFETY MEASURES IGNORED; TRADE UNION COMPLAINS -- Moscow, Trud, 15 Nov
57
At the time of the visit by instructors of the Central Committee of
the Trade Union of Coal Industry Workers to the mines of the Rutchenkovugol'
Trust in 1956, it was noted that nothing had been done to fulfill the pro-
visions of an agreement on work safety and safety techniques. Even though
10 months have elapsed since that time, working conditions have not as
yet improved. Moreover, neither Perov, the trust manager, nor Belorussov,
chief engineer, have read the central committee decision.
It had been proposed to the trust management that miner travel in
inclined and horizontal workings be mechanized during the first quarter
of 1957. In many Donbass mines underground miner locomotives are already
in operation, but in the Rutchenkovugol' Trust, for some reason, the wide
use of underground mine transport has been delayed.
The Kirovskiy rayon committee of the trade union has repeatedly
made attempts to bind the management of Mine No 19 to conduct a course
in the organization of work safety, but to no avail. Tarasenko, the
mine engineer, was summoned to a meeting of the commission on work safety.
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His reply, when asked when the entry and railway for underground travel
would be ready for use, was that an answer was difficult and that there
were not enough builders. This is as usual; administrators can find
numerous excuses when necessary in such cases.
This state of affairs is known to the administration of the Stalinu-
gol' Combine, but it is not very disturbed about it. Furthermore, the
mechanization of transport of miners to the working faces is extremely
slow in most trusts of this combine. During the first 6 months of 1957,
for example, railway haulage to 19 horizontal and 31. inclined seam
workings was to have begun, but not even 50 percent of the plan was ful-
filled.
At a plenum held during the latter part of July 1957 the trade union
Oblast committee discussed the status of work safety and safety techniques
in the coal industry of Stalinskaya Oblast. Participants in the plenum
sharply criticized the management of both the Stalinugol' and Artemugol'
combines and demanded from them the unconditional fulfillment of all
measures on work safety and safety techniques which had been noted in
the collective agreements for the mines. However, this criticism has
not had any effect. The Stalinskaya Oblast Council of the Trade Union
should have helped the Oblast committee bring the entire affair to an
end.
Training
SCHOOL OBSERVES TENTH ANNIVERSARY -- Stalinabad, Kommunist Tadzhikistan,
3 Dec 57
In 1957, the Shurab Mining Industrial School observes the tenth
anniversary of its founding. During this 10-year period, 2,650 young
specialists have attended the school. Many of them are at present
working in various Tadzhik mines.
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