BI-WEEKLY PROPAGANDA GUIDANCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03061A000400070006-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 63
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 27, 1998
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: January 16, 1967
• Content Type: PERRPT

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Significant Dates
[ASTERISK denotes ANNIVERSARIES. All others are CURRENT EVENTSp
MAR
8 International Women's Day. (Celebrated by WIDF, Communist women's front.)
8-15* February Revolution in Russia. (Old Style dates: 23rFebruary-2, Macch,)
15 March: Tsar Nicholas II adbicates. 1917. FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
11-18 3rd Afro-Asian Writers' Conference at Beirut. (This meeting of Soviet-line
followers of the split Afro-Asian Writers' Bureau is rescheduled from 18-25
March to avoid conflicting with a holiday.)
12* President's message to Congress advances Truman Doctrine: recommends aid to
Greece and Turkey to combat Communism. Approved by Congress, 15 May. 1947.
TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
14* Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg sign "Benelux" Customs Union. 1947.
TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY
21-28 World Youth Week celebrated by World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY:
Communist front).
25* Treaties creating European Economic Community (EEC) and European Community of
Atomic Energy (Euratom) signed in Rome by France, West Germany, Italy, Bel-
gium, Netherlands and Luxembourg. 1957. TENTH ANNIVERSARY.
27* Khrushchev succeeds Bulganin as Premier of USSR. 1957.
27-5 International Union of Students Congress at Ulan Bator, Mongolia. (IUS:
Soviet-line Communist front)
29 Martyrs' Day and Youth Day. (Communist China)
APR
1* Berlin Blockade begins. In 15 months, US and Britain airlift 2.34 million
tons of vital supplies to city. (Blockade lifted by Soviets, 12 May 1949)
1948.
4* North Atlantic Treaty signed, including US, Canada and 10 West European
countries. 1949.
16* USSR and Germany sign Treaty of Rapallo; secret military accord enables Ger-
many to evade Treaty of Versailles by training men and testing and building
weapons in USSR. 1922. FORTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY.
17* Lenin delivers "April Theses" in first public appearance after return to
Russia. 1917. FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
18-27* First Bandung Conference: 29 Afro-Asian countries participate. 1955.
24 World Youth Day Against Colonialism and For Peaceful Coexistence. Celebrated
by WFDY and IUS. (Communist fronts)
28 "Expo 67" opens in Montreal with Bloc partWpation.
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Lines
16 January 1967
ITALIAN COMMUNISTS OPEN NEWS AGENCY. The Italian Communist Party (PCI)
inaugurated in October a nes and feature service called PARCOMIT.
Alessandro Curzi, head of the PC1's information office, is the director
of PARCOMIT, which has its headquarters at 4 Via delle Botteghe Oscure,
Rome. The first bulletin issued by PARCOMIT (dated 17 October) stated
that it was to be published daily and would specialize in political
information. According to Agence France Presse,PARCOMIT will also pro-
vide extensive coverage on labor matters. (Unclassified) (See ML of
26 September and 24 October 1966, BPGs 200 and 202, for other developments
in the Italian Communist press.)
CHICOMS CLOSE NEWS AGENCY OFFICE IN MEXICO CITY. The New China News
Agency office in Mexico City was suddenly closed on 28 October, and its
three-man staff have been repatriated. Comment: It was well known in
press circles that NCNA hadipractically no success in its propaganda
Operations in Mexico. There was also spedulation that the Peking Govern-
ment may have felt that NCNA employees in Mexico were becoming too bour-
geois. (Unclassified)
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16 January 1967
E. German
Aide Sug-
gests a
More Sophis-
ticated
Menu
Briefly Noted
Is a Torrent of Repe-
titious Propaganda
Counterproductive?
"We should find out
precisely the results
and effects of our
regular publicity channels and avoid
repeating in the same way in enter-
prises what our colleagues have al-
ready heard on the radio or read in
the newspapers." This was stated in
an article in issue No. 23 (1966)
of the East German theoretical journal
NEUER WEG by Werner Lamberz, head of
the Agitation Department of the
Socialist Unity (i.e., Communist)
Party Central Committee. He also
argued that, since Marxism-Leninism
has been taught for many years now
in East German schools, Party orga-
nizations should adopt new goals in
ideological work: "When someone has
already been trained in higher math-
ematics at school, you shouldn't later
go and teach him two-times-two!"
Herr Lamberz went on to say that
"this does not mean that oral agita-
tion and propaganda [i.e., propaganda
conducted by agitators in the factories]
are losing significance," but he
cited statistics showing the scope
of the mass media propaganda barrage
which falls on East German workers
(81/2 million out of a total population
of 17 million) away from their jobs:
there are 38 daily newspapers published
in well over 6 million copies, 8
illustrated magazines and weekly news-
papers published in almost 4 million
copies, 5 radio programs on the air a
total of 1,220 hours a week, and 72
hours of television programs a week.
He suggested that this frees the
agitator to do his real job of
giving an "informed interpretation"
of Party and Government decisions.
Certainly the saturation point
has been reached in boring the
East German workers with the "two-
times-two" of the "glories" of Com-
munism. Lamberz pointed out in
his article that statistics on
the numbers of meetings and semi-
nars were not so important as suc-
cess in convincing people, and for
this one must consider "whether
the right methods were used, whether
one interested or bored people, and
whether or not one had reached the
mind and heart of the fellow-workers."
Whether or not the East German
agitprop workers succeed in any of
this, Lamberz' suggestions are valid
not only for them but for other
propagandists as well.
Bathrobes
for Viet
Congsi Black
Pajamas?
*
East Germans Seize
Bab iesr Christmas Toys
and Send them to North
Vietnam
East German authorities
advised West Berliners
in early December that many of the
Christmas gift packages they had
mailed to relatives and friends on
the other side of the Wall had been
confiscated "because regulatiops were
disregarded." Two of the chief "vio-
lations" cited by East German authori-
ties were the mailing of a baby's toys
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to a mother or a woman's bathrobe to
a man; everything must be for the sole
use of the addressee on the parcel,
postal regulations were said to require.
The West Berliners received cards
notifying them of the confiscation and
informing them that the East German
authorities had "as a matter of course
put your package at the disposal of the
freedom fighters in Vietnam."
We call attention to this flagrant
violation of the Yuletide spirit, stress-
ing that this is just one more example
(in previous years East Germany had sent
similarly confiscated packages to "free-
dom fighters"in Cuba) of the Communist
puppet regime's disregard for their
people whenever they want to make a
politically motivated propaganda move
in the battle of nerves with the West.
We point out that in all probability,
none of the packages was actually sent
to Vietnam -- the limited transport
facilities are too clogged with more
"vital" things, such as weapons.
USIS Material
In Danish
Given To
Students
U.S. Pamphlets Dis-
tributed At Meeting
Addressed by North
Vietnamese Ambassador
A student meeting in
Aarhus, Denmark, on
13 December featured a talk by the North
Vietnamese Ambassador to Moscow followed
by his answers to a few questions asked
by the audience (hampered by the need
to translate them from Danish to Russian
and then to Vietnamese). At the end of
the meeting the chairman, according to
the independent Copenhagen newspaper
INFORMATION, expressed appreciation to
those who had been "kind enough" to dis-
tribute Danish-language material on Viet-
nam to the audience.
This Danish-language material
was actually "The War in South Viet-
nam and the American Freedom Offensive,
a Chronology," published by USIS
Copenhagen. Although such unusual
opportunities as this to tell the U.S.
side of the story about Vietnam do not
occur everyday, nevertheless everyone
should be constantly alert to determine
what occasions -- even the most un-
expected ones -- are suitable for
countering the growing tide of Commu-
nist and other anti-U.S. propaganda
about Vietnam.
Poland and
Hungary Tighten
Restrictions;
Rumania and
Czechoslovakia
Ease Them
* * *
Contrasting Poli-
cies towards
Western Journalists
in East European
Satellites
The December 1966
issue of the monthly, Analyse, published
in Vienna, contained a long article
based on the experiences of Vienna --
based Austrian and other Western
journalists which contrasts the atti-
tudes of five East European Communist
governments towards foreign (non-
Communist) correspondents. Poland
and Hungary, which for several years
had displayed a fairly tolerant atti-
tude towards Western correspondents,
have noticeably altered this .attitude
in the past year: Poland makes jour,.
nalists wait at least two weeks for
visas; Hungary, which had instituted
"permanent" visas with unlimited re-
entry privileges in 1964, has abolished
them as of 1 January 1967, and in
addition has refused visas to some
Western journalists. Moreover, in
recent months, journalists have
encountered an unfriendly attitude
on the part of Hungarian officialdom.
Albania, as might be expected, dis-
courages visits by Western journalists,
and obliges those journalists who do
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come to do so as part of official
guided tours, under close surveillance.
Rumania and Czechoslovakia have both
become relatively friendly towards
Western journalists, and provide
visas readily. Rumania also provides
help and facilities to journalists
once they are in the country -- which
of course is also a way of influencing
them.
* * *
3
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#9 22 November 1966-2 January 1967
CNRONOLOGY
WORLD COMMUNIST AFFAIRS
November 22 and continuing,: Chinese Communist media reflect the re-
gime's intense involvement in the confused events of the 'cultural
revolution" (CR), -- now often called the "great proletarian CR"
(GPCR). On the 22nd, for example, PEOPLE'S DAILY carries two articles
and an "ed. note" attacking a new 'anti-Party element in the field of
history, Hou Wai-1u," a historian and member of the Acad.of Sciences.
Among other misdeeds, in Vol. IV of his COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF CHI-
NESE PHILOSOPHY completed in 1959, he ''created a false Chen Liang who
dared to 'scold' the emperor;"
November 22 & continuing Soviet media markedly increase both volume
and sharpness of their reporting and commentary on China and the CR --
and the Chinese oust 3 of the 6 Soviet journalists in China (D 16).
On the 22nd, for example, TASS reports that the Hung Weipings Med
Guards"] continue their outrages.... In their efforts to fan anti-
Soviet hysteria, they have launched a slanderous campaign against two
more socialist countries, Hungary and Bulgaria." (See #8 for causes
of Chinese attacks on H & B.) PRAVDA same day carries one of a con-
tinuing series of self-righteous editorials -- "Our Banner Is Inter-
nationalism" -- condemning 'the splitting course of the CCP leaders"
and justifying a new "international meeting of Communists." Separate
items during this period cite more than a dozen national parties,
mostly in LA, as publicly supporting the CPSU against the CCP, often
with endorsement of an international meeting (this in addition to
speecLes at the Hungarian Party Congress -- see Nov 28-Dec 3).
Media of EE countries critical of the Chicoms follow a similar
line in extensive reporting and commentary, especially the Czechs and
Yugoslays. On the 22nd, for example, Prague CTK reports heavy damage
to a Tientsin factory due to RG actions and Belgrade TAEYUG reports at
length on internal conflicts among the RG, violent battles in factories,
etc.
November 22: Djakarta Radio reports: "about 700 Gestapu-PKI fugitives
are now in Peking and are engaged in directing a political
war against the new order in Indonesia."...
November 22 and continuing: The splitting process among Japanese Com-
munists and front leaders continues (see Nos. 7 & 8):
JCP daily AKAHATA on the 22nd announces the expulsion of "13 anti-
Party elements" residing in Peking (adding 4 more next day): the
first-mentioned, Hiromi Takano, has lived there 28 years! "They have
somewhat lost touch with the actual situation under which the Japanese
working class and people have been living," says A. Tokyo KYODO adds
that the JCP has thus far expelled about 60 members said to be pro-Peking.
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-- Tokyo MAINICHI on the 22nd reports: "With the development of splits
in a series of leftist mass organizations due to the JCP-CCP conten-
tion, four leaders of the pro-CCP group in tilt New Japanese Women's
Association resigned on 21 November to form another organization." At
a press conference in the office of the Japan-China Friendship Asso-
ciation (Orthodox) they branded the JWA "a sub-organization of the
JCP, which is hostile toward China...."
AKAHATA on the 23rd carries a "declaration by the 10th general
meeting of the Japan Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee on 22 November"
which rejoices that the Committee preserved its unity when "schismatic
activities are being stepped up against the Committee both from within
and from outside."
- AKAHATA on December 4 announces expulsion of Masayuki Yasui, Commu-
nist bookstore president and a director of the JCFA for anti-Party
factional activities.
-- Tokyo ASAHI on the itth reports that four recently-expelled pro-
Chinese dissidents left on the 3rd for China, where they have been
invited to "establish for the first time a friendly trading company --
Toko Trading Co. -- as a route to supply funds to the China-affiliated
... faction."
- NCNA on Dec. 5 publicizes a lengthy report on a meeting of the
Standing Council of the JCFA (Orthodox) in Tokyo 3-4: it decided to
"set up its branches in all prefectures throughout Japan before the
end of the year and to convene a national congress in April of next
year."
- AKAHATA on the 11th announces the expulsion of Yuichi Kobayashi,
former chairman of the Japan Journalist Congress, for anti-Party acti-
vities: he "blindly followed the dictate of a particular foreign force,
bringing a serious schismatic trend into the Party by organizing a
splinter group called the Japan Journalist League."
November 22 through December 11: NCNA on the 23rd reports from the
Peking-sponsored "Economic and Trade Fair" in Nagoya Nov. 19-Dec. 11:
"hooligans of Jap. right-wing organizations, with the connivance of
the Sato Govt., yesterday carried out rabid sabotage activities" at
the exhibit, beat up exhibit personnel, distributed anti-Chinese hand-
bilis, and even made a hullabaloo abusing Chinese state leaders," --
"right in front of large numbers of police sent out by the Jap.
authorities." The official Chinese protest included the Soviets in
its charge: "We solemnly declare that the Chinese and Japanese peoples
will never permit the heinous crimes of following U.S. imperialism and
collaborating with Soviet modern revisionism and the reactionaries of
all countries in disrupting Sino-Japanese friendship." At the Fair's
close, the Chinese claim a great success, with attendance of over
2 million.
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Novembrrr 23: Czech acey re-Jorc,a from Peking new poster attacks
on President Liu Shao-chi and Party SecyGen Teng Hsiao-ring: Liu is
called "a time bomb' menacing Mao and "the Chinese Khrushchev." Mos-
cow's "Radio Peace and Progress" in English says that "rowdies of the
so-called Red Guard have opened special detention centers where they
torture people who have been illegally detained. The teenage hooli-
gans practice similar outrages at individual factories and enterprises...."
November 23 & Dec 15: NCNA rebuts PRAVDA correspondent Mayevsky's
Nov. 21 Moscow press conference account of Chinese hostility which
forced the M-headed Soviet friendship delegation to cut short its
visit to China (see #8). "Citing incidents, Sino-Soviet Friendship
Association council member Kang Chi-min told how Mayevsky and his
party, on many occasions, picked quarrels and even openly interfered
in China's internal affairs, -- and attacked China's GPCR and foreign
policy." After the Soviets "openly slandered China's great CR by saying
that it was 'destroying culture' and 'had no connection at all with
proletarian revolution," the Red Guards, "their patience tried too
far, refuted these statements by presenting the facts. At this moment,
M. brazenly charged the RG with being 'anti-Soviet' and headed a demon-
strative walkout." Kang says that the Soviet visitors repeatedly left
places in the middle of visits, lodged "protests" without reason, and
issued statements threatening to terminate their visit. "Finally, they
went so far as to decide unilaterally to stop their visit and flagrantly
leave China ahead of schedule...."
"The Soviet revisionist leading clique, which is doing every
kind of vile thing, will be ultimately overthrown bythe Soviet
people."
November 24: CTK reports from Tokyo on an interview published there
by a KYODO agency correspondent with a 15-year-old Peking schoolgirl:
"The Red Guards will rise in Washington, Moscow, and Tokyo,
as well as in London. The Soviet citizens will surely join the
anti-imperialist and anti-revisionist struggle of the CPR."
NCWA reports at length a "Voice of the People of Thailand" radio
broadcast of the 22nd which exults in the "brilliant victories" of the
"People's Armed Forces' against "U.S. imperialism and its lackey, the
Thanom-Praphat clique," in Thailand. The PAF claim that in this year
up to mid-November they have fought 120 battles with the enemy, killing
and wounding 300 of them, including more than 20 army and police
officers.
November 25: Radio Moscow satirizes the Mao cult with the following
dead-pan report:
"Recently two soccer matches took place in Shanghai between
a local team and a team from the Congo (Brazzaville). On the
first day, 30,000 spectators came to the match with booklets
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containing Mao Tse-tung's quotations and chanted them. The
Congo team won, 3-1.
"At the second match, before the match and during the half, the
spectators chanted Mao Tse-tUng's quotations. The Congo won
again, 21."
November 25-26: In what NCNA calls "the eighth and last review until
spring next year,' 2.5 million RedllGuards get a glimpse of Mao and
Lin Piao (also the beleaguered Lin,Shao-chi and Teng Hsiao-ping).
They included "Long March" teams shid to have come on foot from "13
provinces and autonomous regions in the north, east, northeast, and
central-south China, including one from Inner Mongolia, 850 km (about
500 miles) away, which carried "a simple mimeograph machine which they
used ... to duplicate bulletins and keep the peasants on the way posted
on the CR."
November 26: Radio Moscow describes the "depressing picture'' of the
"shivering children and adolescents" marching in the snow in Peking.
It also says that "the protests of the working people of China against
the outrages and sometimes crimes of the Red Guards have put the leaders
of the CCP into a state of confusion," again referring to cases of
torture, invasion of factories, etc.
Radio Peking, continuing the Chinese campaign against persecution
of Overseas Chinese in Indonesia, says that "the Chinese Govt has once
again lodged a strong protest and sternly pointed out that in pig-
headedly stepping up anti-Chinese activities, the Indonesian reaction-
aries will only suffer the consequences arising from its own actions."
NCNA on the same day reports that "the Soviet revisionist leading clique
has recently given political and economic support to the Indonesian
rightwing military regime in an attempt to help it out of its domestic
and international difficulties."
November 27: Major PRAVDA editorial, "On the Events in China," goes
back to the August 11th plenum of the CCP/CC, which "officially corro-
borated the great-power and anti-Leninist course of Mao Tse-tung and
his group aimed against the unity of socialist countries and the entire
WCM."
"the arrogant attempt of the Chinese leaders to declare Mao
Tse-tung's views the summit of M-L and to impose them on the WCM
cannot but evoke a legitimate protest of the Communists of the
whole world."
PRAVDA specifically blasts Lin Piao's declarations that "Mao is
much higher than Marx, Engels, Lenin" and that "the classics of M-L
should consist 99 percent of works by Mao."
Rebuffing all CPSU efforts to improve relations and restore unity,
PRAVDA says, the Chinese leaders "openly declare that 'there is no place
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in a united front' for the USSR," 'hurl slanderous fabrications at
the USSR," and "concentrate all fire on the CPSU and the Soviet Union,
whose 'defeat' is the declared prerequisite of the struggle against
imperialism."
"A systematic brainwashing of the population of China in an
anti-Soviet spirit is now goilig on on an unprecedented scale....
Chinese leaders are trying to spread their anti-Soviet activity
to the territory of our country. Tens of radio stations are
incessantly beaming hostile and slanderous propaganda at the
Soviet Union."
Deploring the "steady curtailment" of cooperation between the two
countries, P notes that "at the same time the trade turnover of the
CPR with capitalist countries is growing year by year.
Asking "With whom does the Chinese leadership want to rally?"
P says:
On the one hand, they are trying to impose upon the fra-
ternal parties a course which would lead to the constant aggrava-
tion of the international situation and ultimately to wary alleg-
edly in the name of world revolution. On the other hand, the
Peking leaders themselves carry on a line designed for remaining
aside from the struggle with imperialism....
Guided by the principle, 'The ends justify the means,' the
CCP leaders have armed themselves with the most unsavory tricks
and methods of political struggle....
The repeated calls by the CCP leadership for 'organizational
demarcation' ... were to serve to create a bloc of parties and
groupings headed by the CCP. But ... they have no one in the
Communist movement with whom to form a bloc....
The pretensions of the Chinese leadership to establish its
control over the international derlocratic organizations, the WPC,
the WFTU, the women's, youths, and other organizations -- did not
succeed....
The Chinese leadership's plans in relation to the national
liberation movement have not been realized. The major failures
of Chinese policy ... have seriously alarmed the progressive forces
in the young national states...."
All of this has caused,"as the Chinese press admits, growing dis-
content among party cadres, the intelligentsia, the army and broad
strata of the Chinese people." But "instead of ... changing their
mistaken course, Mao Tse-tung and his group have set out on the road
of further development of this course, taking it to extremes. They saw
the Party active, the Party cadres, as the chief obstacle in their
way." However,
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... the Party cadres, who have passed through the school of the
revolution, have begun to understand, despite the anti-Soviet
campaign,... the full extent df the harm for China itself of the
line directed toward a split with the Soviet Union and the other
socialist countries.
It is difficult to deceive them with fabrications about some
sort of 'plot' between the SU and the US, about 'the restoration
of capitalism' in our country., That is why Mao and his group
adopted a course of denigratioll and destruction of the Party cadres,
the best representatives of the working class and the intelli-
gentsia, using for this aim part of the student youth and the
military administrative apparatus.
Coming up against opposition to their course, Mao and his
supporters did not flinch from striking at the leading role of
the Party. in the state....'
November 23 and continuing: Chinese media continue on the theme of
Soviet-U.S. "collution" in NCNA releases on:
-- Nov. 28, pegged to visits of Canadian and British Foreign Ministers
to Moscow;
-- Dec. 1 (also PEOPLE'S DAILY editorial on 2), and again on 21 (PD
editorial on 22), pegged to UN General Assembly proceedings;
Dce. 5, pegged to new Soviet loan of 970 million rubles "to the
Indian reactionaries (which) is a component part of the new holy alli-
ance formed by the U.S. and the S.U...."
-- Dec. 9, pegged to Soviet participation on a Singapore meeting of the
"so-called Asian Advisory Committee of the US-controlled International
Labor Organization," -- "the 11th time that the Soviet revisionist
leading clique and the Chiang Kai-shek clique have sat at the same
conference table in southeast Asia since October last year."
-- Dec. 10,and 11, pegged to draft treaty on peaceful uses of outer
space;
-- Dec. 14, citing US press praise of Soviet moratorium on payment of
Indonesian debt.
-- Dec. 15 and 17, seeing Soviet "conspiracy of forcing peace talks on
Vietnam by US bombing of Hanoi and then offering a bombing pause.
-- Dec. 16, calling Japanese Premier Sato's Diet speech "chiming in"
with US imperialism and Soviet revisionism "toward helping realize
their fraud of 'forcing peace talks through bombing."'
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Soviet media try to counter in a low key, following the Nov. 27
PRAVDA line. Moscow's "Radio Peace and Progress" in English on the
14th cites again Chen Yi's statements to a Japanese parliamentarian
and some unidentified NYTIMES comments and reaches "the conclusion that
the reports being spread in the West about the tacit agreement between
China and the US really do have certain foundations." The same pro-
gram pushes the same line further on the 23rd, citing the NYTIMES again,
George Kennan ("well known as a hard-core anti-Communist"), and Prof.
Barnett of Columbia. Again on the 27th, it cites "well-known NYTIMES
observer Harry Schwartz." Meanwhile, in Mandarin to the Chinese people,
RM on Nov. 30 recounts UN action on China's admission, emphasizing that
the Peking propagandists, who are desperately trying to undermine
Soviet state policy in the eyes of the Chinese people," have avoided
any mention of Soviet support of China's right to representation: on
Dec. 17, it rebuts NCNA's charges of collusion in agreeing to peaceful
use of outer space.
November 28-Dec 3: The Hungarian Party's 9th Congress is held in Buda-
pest, with only 32 foreign Communist or workers party representatives
in attendance. Kadar's keynote speech condemns Chinese actions and
policies and approves a "great conference" for which "conditions are
ripening," -- but adds that there is no need to excommunicate anyone.
The Chinese and Albanians would be welcome, but if they cut themselves
off, we cannot "wait to the end of time for a broader conference."
Brezhnev likewise emphasizes the aim of unity and chastises imperialists
for spreading "absolute nonsense' about the intent to excommunicate
anyone. PRAVDA's round-up on Dec. 3 lists as supporting a world con-
ference Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, France (all repeated from
the Bulgarian conference in Nov.), Mongolia, Finland, Denmark, Belgium,
Greece (these five newly named), "and many others." Same report also
quotes E. German and Spanish delegates as favoring a conference.
November 29: The ambassadors or charges of the five Soviet-aligned
East European countries walk out of an Albanian National Day reception
in Peking in protest against an attack on the Soviet leadership by
Albanian ambassador. Representatives of Rumania, N. Korea, and
N. Vietnam stay.
A long Moscow LITERATURNAYA GAZETA commentary on the Chinese CR
says: "It is strange, however, that neither the working class nor the
hundreds of millions of peasants are taking part in this campaign which
is called 'proletarian.'"
November 30: A V. Vasilyev article in Soviet Ar daily KRASNAYA
ZVEZDA (Red Star), "Behind the facade of the CR, tells how the Chinese
Army was purged of "men disagreeing with Mao's military propositions"
as well as "military specialists advocating studying the experience
of the Soviet Army" in order to make the Army a "docile mechanism for
implementing the ideas and instructions of Mao Tse-tung."
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A brief item in French CP daily L'HUMANITE, "Is the UNR Preparing
Pro-Chinese Candidates?" implies charge that the Gaullists are colla-
borating with the pro-Chinese Communist dissidents to set up 'diver-
sionary candidates' to defeat regular PCF candidates.
December 1: Presenting a 'hero award" to the Black Sea port of Novor-
ossisk, Politburo member Kirilenko publicly condemns the "great-power,
anti-Leninist course" of the CCP leadership.
AP correspondent Bradsher reports from Moscow that, according to
"informed sources," semi-publicmeelings are being held under CPSU
auspices to spread information about Soviet-Chinese relations to the
Soviet people. "Speakers go beyond what has been published in the
increasingly strident press campaign against China. They say Chinese
forces ... have crossed the Soviet borders and tried to build instal-
lations.... Speakers accuse China of having a secret agreement with
the U.S.: if the Soviet Union and China get into war, the U.S. agrees
not to help Moscow(!).'
NCNA describes the struggle waged by the Chinese delegation at
"the Fifth International Conference of Agricultural., Forestry, and
Plantation Workers" in East Berlin, 8-12 November, where "they force-
fully exposed the ugly countenance of the Soviet leading group as
accomplices of U.S. imperialism and as scabs." The Soviets "resorted
to lies, calumny, bribery, and other shameless methods," "used such
high-handed, undemocratic means as cutting off the loudspeaker and
creating disturbances," etc. Thus, they succeeded in expelling from
leading trade union posts such (pro-Chinese) leaders as the Ceylonese
Sanmugathasan, and the Indonesian Tjugito, the Indian Lyallpuri."
December 1-9: Soviet Premier Kosygin is feted by De Gaulle on an
official visit which journalists see as "more show than content."
Soviet media comment that "the expansion of Soviet-French relations
opens up new opportunities for putting into practice general European
cooperation of all the states on our continent." (Quote from PRAVDA
on the 6th.)
December 3: Two TABS releases describe further Red Guard outrages and
clashes, and Czeck CTK reports a one-month extension of free transpor-
tation for RG from Peking.
December 3-4 and continuim: Several weeks of unrest caused by Chinese
militants in the Portuguese enclave of Macao lead to a bloody riot:
NCNA reports 'incomplete statistics" of 107 Chinese killed or wounded,
including 7 dead. Mainland Chinese demonstrate and media denounce the
"despicable fascist atrocities of the Port. imperialists"; PEOPLE'S
DAILY Commentator on the 11th 'lodges the strongest protest" and deli-
vers a "stern warning" that the Port. "must at once accept and fully
comply with all the just demands put forward by the Chinese side."
Chinese gunboat patrols off Macao are reinforced. On the 20th, NCNA
announces that the Port. authorities have been "compelled" to accept
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the demands but warns that the Chinese departments concerned and the
masses of Chinese'' will be watching closely for implementation of the
demands. If you talk one way and act another,... (etc.) you will be
doubly punished." IZVESTIYA steps in on Dec 23 with an I. Gavrilov
article says that "Peking did not use this opportunity to put an end
to Port. rule in Macao" because the Macao operation is so profitable
for the Chinese. "The conciliation with the Port. colonialists in
Macao serves as additional proof that Peking's talk about the need to
fight colonialism does not correspond to its deeds.' Radio Moscow
continues the same line on the 24th.
December 4: PEOPLE'S DAILY devotes entire front page to a Nov. 28
rally of 20,000 "revolutionary militants in the field of literature
and the arts" at which it was announced that: (1) Mao's wife, Chiang
Ching, had been appointed advisor on cultural work in the Ar; and
(2) the Army has taken over the major performing arts companies -- the
Peking Opera, the Philharmonic, the State Song and Dance Ensemble, etc.
Chiang Ching's criticism of past errors and difficulties (treated as
main event of rally) reveals that (1) CR initially hindered by opposi-
tion in old Propaganda Dept, Culture Ministry, and Peking City Commit-
tee; (2) some CR work teams hastily organized and sent out without
Mao's permission; (3) Red Guard movement not well controlled; and
(4) by implication, adherents of Mao line are in a minority, -- a point
of great sensitivity in the Party. Also implies dissatisfaction with
new Propaganda Dept chief and CR leader Tao Chu by conspicuously omit-
ting his name when praising comrades for support.
Czech CTK reports from Peking on new posters and RG press items
revealing that "the RG and revolutionary students will form an alli-
ance with workers and farmers to wage merciless war against the bour-
geois reactionary line."
December 5: NYTINES Moscow correspondent Anderson describes accounts
in Soviet Central Asian press of measures being taken in the border
areas to "sharpen military preparedness among the peoples of the SU's
three Central Asian republics that border on China."
December 6: Communist Chinese diplomats walk out of a Kremlin ceremony
marking the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow when city Party
chief Yegorichev condemns "the two-faced policy being pursued by China."
French CP daily L'HUMANITE article by senior theoretician Duclos
denounces and deplores Chinese CR (in midst of Kosygin visit to France).
New posters in Peking demand trials of senior victims of the CR,
including Peng Chen, Lu Ting-yi, Lo Jul-thing, leading dramatist Tien
Han, and candidate Secretariat member Yang Shang-kun (as reported by
TANYUG and by Toronto GLOBE AND MAIL Peking correspondent Oancia).
It is implied that Peng Chen is under arrest.
(Chrono Cont.)
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The 221pt communioue on the conclusion of a 2-week visit by a
Rumanian CP delegation with the Japanese CP emphasizes principles of
independence and non-interference.
December 6-9: The 16th session of the WFTU General Council in Sofia
has to cope with Chinese-Albanian attacks on the Yugoslav and Soviet
revisionists (as acknowledged by ,Sofia BTA agency). Finally the Council
on the 8th revoked the right of tAe Chinese delegation to participate
in the session. NCNA furnishes a lurid detailed version of the "big
anti-China scandal unparalleled in the history of the WFTU" on the
9th. After the Council had denied the Chinese the right to speak, NCNA
asserts, Han "took the floor and ekposed and denounced the vicious
fascist-like move of the Soviet revisionists and their followers" and
was supported by the Albanian, upon which the Soviets and Bulgarians
"unleashed some strongmen ... who manhandled the Chinese and Albanian
delegates.' NONA says that the delegations from Indonesia, Ceylon,
N. Vietnam, S. Vietnam, N. Korea, Rumania, Cuba and Japan voted against
the exclusion decision, while "not a few delegations" abstained. Radio
Bucharest broadcasts a denunciation of the exclusion by the Rumanian
AGERPRES correspondent in Sofia.
December 7: PRAVDA editorial again promotes a world party conference
_"to streuthen unity. raTINES Warsaw correspondent reports a letter
signed by 21 prominent writers, all Party members, questioning the
Party's policy toward writers and other intellectuals.
December 8: TASS Peking cites "a Hung Weiping radio station" as
announcing the arrest of Peng Chen, his former deputy Wan Li, "and
others." Another TASS release on same day describes larger and blood-
ier CR clashes with 13 killed and 180 wounded in Kiangsu Province,
11 killed and 200 wounded in Szechwan, and 7 killed in the editorial
offices of the Shanghai paper CHIEH FANG JIH PAO.
December 9: Concluding its h-day national convention, the Japanese
Socialist Party re-elects doctrinaire, extreme-left, pro-Chinese Chair-
man Kozo Sasaki. SecyGen Tomomi Narita on the 7th accuses the JCP of
harming the friendly relations between Japan and China.
CPSU Politburo member Shelepin speaking in Kalinin declares that
a Vietnamese victory 'could have been achieved sooner" and with "incom-
parably fewer sacrifices" if the Chinese policy "had not become an
obstacle" and calls Chinese charges of Soviet-American collusion an
attempt to divert attention from Chinese obstruction which helps the
aggressors in Vietnam.
December 10: Claiming that it is rebutting lies of "Western news
agencies," Hanoi VNA agency issues another "authorized" declaration:
"The DRV Govt has many times affirmed that the CPR has always helped
in transit, according to schedule, of all goods given to Vietnam as
aid by the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries." Moscow
media ignore the statement.
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Peking rejoices in a new act of Maoist heroism: a Red Guard fell
through the ice into a lake; "out of their selflessness to help their
class brother, many people rushed onto the lightly frozen lake and
fell in when the ice gave way"; but "all were rescued after more than
an hour's tense effort" by "fully 100 persons, including men of the
PLA and RG."
December 11: IZVESTIYA describes 4n detail the "ark-of-the-night"
Red Guard arrest on December. .4 of-the sleeping Peng Chen (who "really
looked like a paper tiger," a RG bragged), an 'act of political vio-
lence which marked a new stage in the escalation of the struggle against
those who disagree with the ideas of Mao Tse-tung," and implies that
it was inspired by Mao's wife, Chiang Ching. Polish Party daily
TRYBUNA LUDU carries a similar story and adds that "more than a dozen
political activitists and writers, including two vice ministers" were
arrested at the same time.
December 12: Radio Japan's Peking correspondent reports a mass rally
of 20,000 at which Peng Chen and others were forced to stand and face
public denunciation
Peking REDELAG.No. 15 contains a harsh article on "The Dictator-
ship of the Proletariat (DOP) and the GPCR." It denounces K and "his
disciples, Brezhnev4Kosygin and Shelepin," particularly for "their
renegade action of abolishing the DOP," and extolls the new Maoist
development of "extensive democracy,' -- "that of DOP, a real proletarian
democracy of such a high order that it is unprecedented in human his-
Tokyo MAINICHI reports that Chinese Foreign Minister Chen Yl told
a Japanese businessmen's delegation that the 'educational reform" being
pushed under the CR calls for "combining the universities under a
year system, 2 of which will be spent in classroom work and 2 in
acquiring practical experience at the scene of work. In the past the
university course required too many years." He added that universities
and colleges will be located close to production site. "For example,
the Peking Agricultural College is unnecessary: it will move into a
people's commune.... The iron and steel school in Peking should be
placed'in Wuhan or Anshan."
PRAVDA criticizes dominant Finnish Social Democratic Party, saying
that "it still has much to do to win the confidence of progressive
circles." (NYTIMES Moscow)
December 12-13: CPSU plenum 'On the USSR's International Policy and
the CPSU Struggle for Cohesion of the Communist Movement" adopts deci-
sion which "approves fully the line and practical activities of the
Politburo and Soviet Govt,"declaring that 'the great-power, anti-Soviet
policy of Mao Tse-tung and his group has entered a new, dangerous
stage." It "agrees with the views of fraternal M-L parties that
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faVOrable conditions are now being created for a new international
conference...."
December 13: Polish Party monthly theoretical journal NOWE DROGI No.
12 article on "Unity in the Name of a Common Cause" says:
vt Pseudorevolutionary phraseology, threats, and abuses ... have
never yet halted any aggressors.... The CPR stand hampers and
blocks...."
TASS Peking describes further AG clashes, while Radio Moscow
reports an article in Sofia NARODNA KULTURA deploring the events in
China as "a tragedy for its people and discredit to Communism" which
"border on collective insanity."
December 14: TANYUG and CTK Peking cite Premier Chou En-lai as announc-
ing that on Dec, 20 100,000 soldiers will be detailed to instruct
Peking high school pupils in military training.
Tokyo MAINICH reports that Peking's central telegraph office
refuses to transmit its correspondent's photos of wall newspapers
denouncing President Liu Shao-chi as a "Chinese Khrushchev."
French CP daily L'HUMANITE publishes a Dec. 12 letter from a
Comrade Louis Faradoux, a worker in the Berliet truck factory in
Venissieux, whose "work puts me in daily contact with members of the
'technical' delegation of People's China for whom Berliet is complet-
ing an order for trucks. This delegation is made up of about 60 mem-
bers, essentially Army men." For many months these "technicians" have
been conducting propaganda of Mao's thought and slander against the
FCP and CPSU, giving him copies of L'HUMANITE NOUVELLE and offering
him money to distribute it. They asked him to give them a list of all
FCP members of the Berliet section, designating those vulnerable to
"secession." They asked him to join an "M-L Circle" and assured him
that they were ready to take care of all financial problems which might
be brought about by his activities. Moscow TRUD publicizes the story
next day.
December 14-15: Cracking down against revived Communist terrorism,
Venezuelan troops on the 14th occupy the traditionally inviolable cam-
pus of the Caracas Central University, seize a large arsenal of weapons
and reportedly capture the 15-man University Bureau of the CP. Ter-
rorists strike back on the 15th, killing a retired Army officer.
Parliamentary leader of the ruling Democratic Action Party Andres
Perez echoes President Leoni's charge that Venezuelan terrorism is
Cuban-based.
December 15: Peking posters say that CCP Propaganda Chief Tao Chu
publicly accused Liu Shao-chi and Teng Hsiao-ping as leading represen-
tatives of "the bourgeois, reactionary policy line" who "opposed the
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MISSING PAGE
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT MISSING PAGE(S):
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Soviet media try to counter in a low key, following the Nov. 27
PRAVDA line. Moscow's qRadio Peace and Progress" in English on the
14th cites again Chen Yi's statements to a Japanese parliamentarian
and some unidentified NYTIMES comments and reaches ?the conclusion that
the reports being spread in the West about the tacit agreement between
China and the US really do have certain foundations." The same pro-
gram pushes the same line further on the 23rd, citing the NYTIMES again,
George Kennan ("well known as a hard-core anti-Communist"), and Prof.
Barnett of Columbia. Again on the 27th, it cites "well-known NYTIMES
observer Harry Schwartz." Meanwhile, in Mandarin to the Chinese people,
RM on Nov. 30 recounts UN action on China's admission, emphasizing that
"the Peking propagandists, who are desperately trying to undermine
Soviet state policy in the eyes of the Chinese people," have avoided
any mention of Soviet support of China's right to representation: on
Dec. 17, it rebuts NCNA's charges of collusion in agreeing to peaceful
use of outer space.
November 28-Dec 3: The Party's 9th is held in Buda-
pest, with only 32 foreign Communist or workers party representatives
in attendance. Kadar's keynote speech condemns Chinese actions and
policies and approves a "great conference" for which "conditions are
ripening," -- but adds that there is no need to excommunicate anyone.
The Chinese and Albanians would be welcome, but if they cut themselves
off, we cannot "wait to the end of time for a broader conference."
Brezhnev likewise emphasizes the aim of unity and chastises imperialists
for spreading "absolute nonsense" about the intent to excommunicate
anyone. PRAVDA's round-up on Dec. 3 lists as supporting a world con-
ference Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, France (all repeated from
the Bulgarian conference in Nov.), Mongolia, Finland, Denmark, Belgium,
Greece (these five newly named), and many others." Same report also
quotes E. German and Spanish delegates as favoring a conference.
November 29: The ambassadors or charges of the five Soviet-aligned
East European countries walk out of an Albanian National Day reception
in Peking in protest against an attack on the Soviet leadership by
Albanian ambassador. Representatives of Rumania, N. Korea, and
N. Vietnam stay.
A long Moscow LITERATURNAYA GAZETA commentary on the Chinese CR
says: "It is strange, however, that neither the working class nor the
hundreds of millions of peasants are taking part in this campaign which
is called 'proletarian."
November 30: A V. Vasilyev article in Soviet Army daily KRASNAYA
ZVEZDA (Red Star), "Behind the facade of the CR," tells how the Chinese
Army was purged of "men disagreeing with Mao's military propositions"
as well as "military specialists advocating studying the experience
of the Soviet Army" in order to make the Army a "docile mechanism for
implementing the ideas and instructions of Mao Tse-tung."
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7 (Chrono Cont.)
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A brief item in French CP daily L'HUMANITE, "Is the UNR Preparing
Pro-Chinese Candidates?" implies charge that the Gaullists are colla-
borating with the pro-Chinese Communist dissidents to set up 'diver-
sionary candidates' to defeat regular PCF candidates.
December 1: Presenting a "hero award" to the Black Sea port of Novor-
ossisk, Politburo member Kirilenko publicly condemns the "great-power,
anti-Leninist course" of the CCP leadership.
AP correspondent Bradsher reports from Moscow that, according to
"informed sources," semi-publicraeetings are being held under CPSU
auspices to spread information about Soviet-Chinese relations to the
Soviet people. "Speakers go beyond what has been published in the
increasingly strident press campaigniagainst China. They say Chinese
forces ... have crossed the Soviet borders and tried to build instal-
lations.... Speakers accuse China of having a secret agreement with
the U.S.: if the Soviet Union and China get into war, the U.S. agrees
not to help Moscow(I)."
NCNA describes the struggle waged by the Chinese delegation at
"the Fifth International Conference of Agricultural, Forestry, and
Plantation Workers" in East Berlin, 8-12 November, where "they force-
fully exposed the ugly countenance of the Soviet leading group as
accomplices of U.S. imperialism and as scabs." The Soviets "resorted
to lies, calumny, bribery, and other shameless methods," "used such
high-handed, undemocratic means as cutting off the loudspeaker and
creating disturbances," etc. Thus, they succeeded in expelling from
leading trade union posts such (pro-Chinese) leaders as the Ceylonese
Sanmugathasan, and the Indonesian Tjugito, the Indian Lyallpuri."
December 1-9: Soviet Premier Kosygin is feted by De Gaulle on an
official visit which journalists see as "more show than content."
Soviet media comment that "the expansion of Soviet-French relations
opens up new opportunities for putting into practice general European
222peration of all the states on our continent." (Quote from PRAVDA
on the 6th.)
December 3: Two TASS releases describe further Red Guard outrages and
clashes, and Czeck CTK reports a one-month extension of free transpor-
tation for RG from Peking.
December 3-4 and continuing: Several weeks of unrest caused by Chinese
militants in the Portuguese enclave of Macao lead to a bloody riot:
NCNA reports 'incomplete statistics" of 107 Chinese killed or wounded,
including 7 dead. Mainland Chinese demonstrate and media denounce the
"despicable fascist atrocities of the Port. imperialists"; PEOPLE'S
DAILY Commentator on the 11th 'lodges the strongest protest" and deli-
vers a "stern warning" that the Port. "must at once accept and fully
comply with all the just demands put forward by the Chinese side."
Chinese gunboat patrols off Macao are reinforced. On the 20th, NCNA
announces that the Port. authorities have been "compelled" to accept
3 (Chrono Cont.)
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the demands but warns that "the Chinese departments concerned and the
masses of Chinese will be watching closely for implementation of the
demands. "If you talk one way and act another,... (etc.) you will be
doubly punished." IZVESTIYA steps in on Dec 23 with an I. Gavrilov
article says that "Peking did not use this opportunity to put an end
to Port. rule in Macao" because the Macao operation is so profitable
for the Chinese. "The conciliation with the Port. colonialists in
Macao serves as additional proof that Peking's talk about the need to
fight colonialism does not corresRpnd to its deeds.'' Radio Moscow
continues the same line on the 24t1-
.
December 4: PEOPLE'S DAILY devotes entire front page to a Nov. 28
rally of 20,000 "revolutionary militants in the field of literature
and the arts" at which it was annOunced that: (1) Mao's wife, Chiang
Ching, had been appointed advisor on cultural work in the Army; and
(2) the Army has taken over the major performing arts companies -- the
Peking Opera, the Philharmonic, the State Song and Dance Ensemble, etc.
Chiang Ching's criticism of past errors and difficulties (treated as
main event of rally) reveals that (1) CR initially hindered by opposi-
tion in old Propaganda Dept, Culture Ministry, and Peking City Commit-
tee; (2) some CR work teams hastily organized and sent out without
Mao's permission; (3) Ped Guard movement not well controlled; and
(4) by implication, adherents of Mao line are in a minority, -- a point
of great sensitivity in the Party. Also implies dissatisfaction with
new Propaganda Dept chief and CR leader Tao Chu by cons
ting his name when praising comrades for support.
Picuously omit-
Czech CTK reports from Peking on new posters and RG press items
revealing that "the RG and revolutionary students will form an alli-
ance with workers and farmers to wage merciless war against the bour-
geois reactionary line."
December 5: NYTIMES Moscow correspondent Anderson describes accounts
in Soviet Central Asian press of measures being taken in the border
areas to "sharpen military preparedness among the peoples of the SU's
three Central Asian republics that border on China."
December 6: Communist Chinese diplomats walk out of a Kremlin ceremony
marking the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow when city Party
chief Yegorichev condemns "the two-faced policy being pursued by China."
French CP daily L'HUMANITE article by senior theoretician Duclos
denounces and deplores Chinese CR (in midst of Kosygin visit to France).
New posters in Peking demand trials of senior victims of the CR,
including Peng Chen, Lu Ting-yi, Lo Jui-ching, leading dramatist Tien
Han, and candidate Secretariat member Yang Shang-kun (as reported by
TANYUG and by Toronto GLOBE AND MAIL Peking correspondent Oancia).
It is implied that Peng Chen is under arrest.
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The 12int communicue on the conclusion of a 2-week visit by a
Rumanian CP delegation with the Japanese CP emphasizes principles of
independence and non-interference.
December 6-9: The 16th session of the WFTU General Council in Sofia
has to cope with Chinese-Albanian attacks on the Yugoslav and Soviet
revisionists (as acknowledged by Sofia ETA agency). Finally the Council
on the 8th revoked the right of the Chinese delegation to participate
in the session. NCNA furnishes a lurid detailed version of the "big
anti-China scandal unparalleled in the history of the WFTU" on the
9th. After the Council had denied the Chinese the right to speak, NCNA
asserts, Han "took the floor and exposed and denounced the vicious
fascist-like move of the Soviet revisionists and their followers" and
was supported by the Albanian, upon which the Soviets and Bulgarians
'unleashed some strongmen ... who manhandled the Chinese and Albanian
delegates." NCNA says that the delegations from Indonesia, Ceylon,
N. Vietnam, S. Vietnam, N. Korea, Rumania, Cuba and Japan voted against
the exclusion decision, while "not a few delegations" abstained. Radio
Bucharest broadcasts a denunciation of the exclusion by the Rumanian
AGERPRES correspondent in Sofia.
December 7: PRAVDA editorial again promotes a world party conference
"to strengthen unity." /TIMES Warsaw correspondent reports a letter
signed by 21 prominent writers, all Party members, questioning the
Party's policy toward writers and other intellectuals.
December 8: TASS Peking cites "a Hung Weiping radio station" as
announcing the arrest of Peng Chen, his former deputy Wan Li, "and
others." Another TASS release on same day describes larger and blood-
ier CR clashes with 13 killed and 180 wounded in Kiangsu Province,
11 killed and 200 wounded in Szechwan, and 7 killed in the editorial
offices of the Shanghai paper CHIEF! FANG JIH PAO.
December 9: Concluding its 4-day national convention, the Japanese
Socialist Party re-elects doctrinaire, extreme-left, pro-Chinese Chair-
man Kozo Sasaki. SecyGen Tomomi Narita on the 7th accuses the JCP of
harming the friendly relations between Japan and China.
CPSU Politburo member Shelepin speaking in Kalinin declares that
a Vietnamese victory "could have been achieved sooner" and with "incom-
parably fewer sacrifices" if the Chinese policy "had not become an
obstacle" and calls Chinese charges of Soviet-American collusion an
attempt to divert attention from Chinese obstruction which helps the
aggressors in Vietnam.
December 10: Claiming that it is rebutting lies of "Western news
agencies," Hanoi VNA agency issues another "authorized" declaration:
"The DRV Govt has many times affirmed that the CPR has always helped
in transit, according to schedule, of all goods given to Vietnam as
aid by the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries." Moscow
media ignore the statement.
(Chrono Cont.)
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Peking rejoices in a new act of Maoist heroism: a Red Guard fell
through the ice into a lake; "out of their selflessness to help their
class brother, many people rushed onto the lightly frozen lake and
fell in when the ice gave way"; but "all were rescued after more than
an hour's tense effort" by "fully 100 persons, including men of the
PLA and RG."
December 11: IZVESTIYA describes in detail the "dark-of-the-night"
Red Guard arrest on December. 14 of the sleeping Peng Chen (who "really
looked like a paper tiger," a RG bragged), an ''act of political vio-
lence which marked a new stage in the escalation of the struggle against
those who disagree with the ideas of Mao Tse-tung," and implies that
it was inspired by Mao's wife, Chiang Ching. Polish Party daily
TRYBUNA LUDU carries a similar story and adds that "more than a dozen
political activitists and writers, including two vice ministers" were
arrested at the same time.
December 12: Radio Japan's Peking correspondent reports a mass rally
of 20,000 at which Peng Chen and others were forced to stand and face
public denunciation
Peking REDILAGNo. 15 contains a harsh article on "The Dictator-
ship of the Proletariat (DOP) and the GPCR." It denounces K and "his
disciples, Brezhnev,Kosygin and Shelepin," particularly for "their
renegade action of abolishing the DOP," and extolls the new Maoist
development of "extensive democracy," -- "that of DOP, a real proletarian
democracy of such a high order that it is unprecedented in human his-
Tokyo MAINICHI reports that Chinese Foreign Minister Chen Yl told
a Japanese businessmen's delegation that the ''educational reform!' being
pushed under the CR calls for "combining the universities under a
year system, 2 of which will be spent in classroom work and 2 in
acquiring practical experience at the scene of work. In the past the
university course required too many years." He added that universities
and colleges will be located close to production site. "For example,
the Peking Agricultural College is unnecessary: it will move into a
people's commune.... The iron and steel school in Peking should be
placed'in Wuhan or Anshan."
PRAVDA criticizes dominant Finnish Social Democratic Party, saying
that "it still has much to do to win the confidence of progressive
circles." (NYTIMES Moscow)
December 12-13: CPSU plenum 'On the USSR's International Policy and
the CPSU Struggle for Cohesion of the Communist Movement" adopts deci-
sion which "approves fully the line and practical activities of the
Politburo and Soviet Govt,"declaring that "the great-power, anti-Soviet
policy of Mao Tse-tung and his group has entered a new, dangerous
stage." It "agrees with the views of fraternal M-L parties that
11 (Chrono Cont.)
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favorable conditions are now being created for a new international
conference...."
December 13: Polish Party monthly 'theoretical journal NOWE DROGI No.
12 article on "Unity in the Name Of 4 Common Cause" says:
It Pseudorevolutionary phraseology, threats, and abuses ... have
never yet halted any aggressors.... The CPR stand hampers and
blocks...."
TASS Peking describes further RG clashes, while Radio Moscow
reports an article in Sofia NARODNA KULTURA deploring the events in
China as "a tragedy for its people and discredit to Communism" which
"border on collective insanity."
December 14: TANYUG and CTK Peking cite Premier Chou En-lai as announc-
ing that on Dec, 20 100,000 soldiers will be detailed to instruct
Peking high school pupils in military training.
Tokyo MAINICH reports that Peking's central telegraph office
refuses to transmit its correspondent's photos of wall newspapers
denouncing President Liu Shao-chi as a "Chinese Khrushchev."
French CP daily L'HUMANITE publishes a Dec. 12 letter from a
Comrade Louis Faradoux, a worker in the Berliet truck factory in
Venissieux, whose 'work puts me in daily contact with members of the
'technical' delegation of People's China for whom Berliet is complet-
ing an order for trucks. This delegation is made up of about 60 mem-
bers, essentially Army men." For many months these "technicians" have
been conducting propaganda of Mao's thought and slander against the
FCP and CPSU, giving him copies of L'HUMANITE NOUVELLE and offering
him money to distribute it. They asked him to give them a list of all
FOP members of the Berliet section, designating those vulnerable to
"secession." They asked him to join an "M-L Circle" and assured him
that they were ready to take care of all financial problems which might
be brought about by his activities. Moscow TRUD publicizes the story
next day.
December 14-15: Cracking down against revived Communist terrorism,
Venezuelan troops on the 14th occupy the traditionally inviolable cam-
pus of the Caracas Central University, seize a large arsenal of weapons
and reportedly capture the 15-man University Bureau of the CP. Ter-
rorists strike back on the 15th, killing a retired Army officer.
Parliamentary leader of the ruling Democratic Action Party Andres
Perez echoes President Leoni's charge that Venezuelan terrorism is
Cuban-based.
December 15: Peking posters say that CCP Propaganda Chief Tao Chu
publicly accused Liu Shao-chi and Teng Hsiao-ping as leading represen-
tatives of "the bourgeois, reactionary policy line" who "opposed the
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proletarian revolution policy line te_212221.2.- Chairman Mao,"
"issued orders in the name of the Party CC and spread damaging poison
throughout the country," and "must bear the responsibility for the
past 50 days." MAINIChI's Peking correspondent atnds that this "is
taken here to indicate an imminent purge of the two," and that the
fact that Tao made the charge indicates that "he is the most likely
candidate to replace Teng as GenSecy,"
The Soviet Govt announces 8.2% increase in next year's military
budget UPI cites U.S. officials as attributing the increase to concern
over border tensions with China.
December 16-26: Prague LIDOVA DEMOKRACIE on the 16th carries an
article credited to the Soviet agency NOVOSTI based on "reports from
Singapore" on the great expansion of CorChinese trade with non-Communist
countries including the racist South African Republic and Rhodesia and
"sworn enemy" America. "Such is the logic of those who are fighting_
mfls onlywith'Iordb." On the 19th Moscow Radio Peace and Pro-
gress broadcasts an item based on "world press" -- apparently the Blood-
worth piece from Singapore for the London OBSERVER -- about Chna fur-
nishing the U.S. with steel for its needs in the Vietnam war, via Hong
Kong. IZVESTIYA carries the Bloodworth article on the 20th. Peking
in an ECNA authorized statement (D 261severely refutes the shameless
rnmor.a
Peking expels three of the six Soviet corr2fpondents in China for
spreading "rumors and slanders about China's GPCR." Moscow protests
on the 23rd that it is 'an unprecedented act in relations between
socialists states," but complies. (See D 30 arrival in Moscow.)
December 17: The Japanese Police Agency publishes a 6-chapter report,
"The Security Situation, Review and Outlook," on the JCP and other
leftist and rightist movements in Japan. It says that "the JCP is
expanding rapidly, its membership reaches almost 250,000 at present."
December 17-20: NCNA publicizes on the 17th statement of the "Afro-
Asian Writers Bureau" meeting in Peking, "strongly condemning the
Soviet revisionist-directed Cairo preparatory meeting for the bogus
'Third A-A Writers Conference." On the 30th, UCNA releases a similar
statement issued in Peking by "the Secretariat of the A-A Journalists
Association,' -- "firmly supporting" the AAWB statement.
December 18: Poland's priests read from the pulpits a statement by
the bishops warning that the government's demand that four seminaries
be closed is the beginning of a wider campaign threatening the exis-
tence of the Church in Poland.
December 19: TANYUG Peking reports the first poster attacks on Liu
Ning-yi, chairman of the All-China Trade Union Federation.
13 (Chrono Cont.)
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December 19-20: A Czech Party plenum produces a statement that, "in
accord with many fraternal parties, it considers that recent events
... demand accelerated preparations" for an international meeting "with
the widest possible circle of PPs.'
December 20: Czech CTK Peking reports new posters demanding the
"liquidation" of Liu Shao-chi and Teng Hsiao-ping, and attacking for
the first time Politburo member Marshall Ho Lung. CTK says that foreign
observers in Peking see this as indicating that Liu and Teng still
have strong support at the top.
Albanian Party daily ZERI I POPULLIT publishes an 18,000-word
programmatic pamphlet of the Soviet Revolutionary Communists-Bolsheviks."
The brief introductory note says that it was "distributed throughout
the Soviet Union some time ago" and that, 'having received it with
some delay for understandable reasons of difficult communications,"
and "after having removed some passages, we publish this important
document in which "the Soviet Bolsheviks, continuers of the revolu-
tionary traditions of the Bolshevik Party of Lenin and Stalin, unmask
the K. revisionist gang and launch an appeal to fight against it re-
gardless of any sacrifice." It begins by acknowledging that:
"...The documents of the CCP and the Albanian Workers Party show
throughout the road of concessions and of the betrayal of the
interests of the social revolution on which the leadership of the
CPSU embarked after the death of Stalin. Consequently, we our-
selves will frequently elaborate and repeat the theses of the
Chinese and Albanian comrades...."
Space precludes extensive review of this interesting document, but
we quote a few of the most colorful passages:
...If one compares Stalin with K, one cannot help thinking of
Marx, who said that history repeats itself twice, the first time
in the form of tragedy and later in the form of comedy... K is
nothing more than a parody....
u ... Al]. those who now try to disguise Lenin as Jesus Christ should
understand these words of Lenin --'We are revolutionaries on the
side of the proletariat....'
"And here we will dwell on the question of the 'persecution'
carried out by Stalin. Gentlemen opportunists attempting to dis-
guise the social base of these persecutions try to present Stalin
as a man who feared rivalry, arrested and executed everyone he
regarded as a man of spirit. Undoubtedly, this is completely
unfounded.... The revisionists ... have never seriously tried to
understand the motives of these persecutions....
14 Chrono Cont.)
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... Were there unjustified victims during the persecutions? We
think there may have been, but whose fault was that? In the first
place, the blame lies with the bureaucracy itself....
Stalin's attitude toward the excesses of that time are best
seen in the fact that he had his Commissar for Internal Affairs,
Yezhov, shot, solely for bureaucracy during the purges.. ..(i)
"Look at the Soviet bureaucrats. Can there, here at home,
be any real reelection of any responsible person; reelection not
from the top -- by bureaucratic means -- but from the bottom by
democratic method?
Can there be any doubt about the total 5degeneration
bureaucracy, and of the total elimination by it of all forms of
social life and socialist conscience when one looks closely at our
daily life today? A complete lack of any enthusiasm among the
masses, complete indifference to work, social life transformed
Into a farce, the complete domination of selfish principles, the
crushing of everything living, active, fresh -- that is the sum
total of the domination of the bureaucratic order....
But the Soviet bureaucrat is not a real bourgeois either,
social conditions not allowing him to be one. He is an absurd
paradox connected with the bourgeoisie.... This is why he whole-
heartedly endeavors to follow the "Western" way of life.... In
private he surrounds his tortured soul with the ideas of the dregs
of the bourgeois world and sees films which, because of their
corruptive content, are banned even in bourgeois Europe. It is
precisely from sash_ground that such avowed traitors to the home-
land as Penkovsky arise....
... One cannot but laugh when one hears them (the CPs of capitalist
countries) boasting about their success, which they measure by the
growth in the number of tarty members. If they only complement
their program with the thesis that the founder of Communism was
Jesus Christ, they will create a real possibility for having even
the Pope in their ranks... .(i)
... To overthrow the bureaucratic order in the USSR, the revolu-
tionaries must be organized.... Obviously the new and truly pro-
letarian party can only be the Communist Bolshevik Party of the
SU reborn....
... The hour has struck. From numerous and separate cells of the
CP--Bolshevik of the SU to their fusion in a mighty lava which
will sweep away the bureaucrats -- that is the way the Soviet Com-
munists must go.... Need it be said that heroes will be born out
of this struggle?...
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Long live the Bolshevik CPSU! Let our friends and enemies
in the whole world know: in Russia Bolshevism is risin from the
ashes like a phoenix! We Bolsheviks fully understand how complex
are the tasks that lie before us, but we shall go even to death
and torture blessing them.
Lenin's thought is with us; Stalin's will is with us; the
great heart of our people is with us. We are invincible!..."
December 20-27: Premier Kosygin makes the first official visit ever by
a Soviet Govt leader to traditionally hostile Turkey. He gets a cool
reception but conducts himself astutely, says the right things in sup-
port of Soviet policy on Cyprus, expresses regret and lack of responsi-
bility for recent Czech sale of weapons to the Greek Cypriots, and
draws generally favorable press comment.
December 21: AFP's Hanoi correspondent Jean Vincent suggests that the
texts of this year's official pronouncements on the 6th anniversary of
the NLFSV, when compared with those of 1965, reflect Hanoi's distaste
for Chinese refusal to participate in a united front and indicate that
the N. Vietnamese position is approaching that of N. Korea -- "whose
leader, Kim Il-song, devoted one-quarter of his speech at a recent
party congress to criticism of the Soviet Union and three-quarters to
criticism of China -- though without mentioning either by name."
December 22: East German ADN reports from Vienna that Austrian CP
chairman Muhri, in a report to the CC, urged the convening of a world
party conference.
December 23: Japanese CP daily AKAHATA declares that the JCP is opposed
to a world CP meeting in 1962:because "conditions for holding such a
meeting have not ripened."
TANYUG Peking reports a poster alleging that former Army chief of
staff Lo Jui-ching has been arrested.
December 24: East Berlin NEUES DEUTSCHLAND article by Max Friedrich
criticizes veteran Italian CP theorist Lombardo Ricci for propounding
his thesis of "open Marxism" on West German TV. After taking issue
with a series of R's views, F. concludes:
... We would not attach too much importance to the representa-
tives of 'open Marxism... had they not appeared on Germany terri-
tory. What R does at home is his own affair, -- that is, of the
M-Ls of his country. Here, however, ... it is our duty to ask
whether members of frateral parties, when they appear in West
Germany, have really nothing better to do than attack German M-L...."
December 26: PEOPLE'S DAILY editorial, "Welcome the High Tide of the
CR in the Industrial and Mining Enterprises," declares that "support
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for the GPCR in the ind. and mining enterprises is not an _p12,1_.00tiorr,_
trifling matter. The revolution must be carried out, and in a vigorous
manner...."
Japanese correspondents in Peking report new posters saying that
Liu Shao-chi made a self-criticism at a "CC work conference" on
23 November and that Teng Hsiao-ping had done so on 23 October. How-
ever, the poster denounces Liu's self-criticism as superficial and not
at all serious.
TANYUG Peking reports loudspeaker trucks branding Liu and Teng
as leaders of the so-called black or anti-Mao line. "Mobile loud-
speakers also blared out the latest from Mrs. Mao, Chiang Ching, who
demanded that all opponents of her husband's thinking be immediately
arrested." TANYUG adds that it is clear that "a considerable majority
of the oldest and best-known cadres from the top Party bodies still
do not actively support the 'revolutionary minority' in the CR."
December 27: PEOPLE'S DAILY (and other organs) features several
attacks on "the towering crimes of Yang Han-sheng, chieftain of Chou
Yang's anti-party clique," who "usurped the post of secretary of the
party organizations attached to the All-China Federation of Literary
and Art Circles and other leading positions."
Taipeh CNA announces that "Chi Shui-sheng, 19, of northeast China,
is the first cadre of the militant RG to flee to freedom." After
participating in the Nov. 3 RG rally in Peking (Taipeh calls it Peip-
ing), he was instructed to go to Canton to take part in a series of
long marches. From there he fled to Hong Kong and to Taipeh, "carry-
ing,many Chinese Communist documents."
December 28: TASS and Reuters report from Peking that a RG paper
reveals the arrest of former Defense Minister Peng Te-huai on Dec. 24.
Peking reports jubilation over a successful new nuclear explosion
in western China. Moscow gives it a single sentence.
December 28 and Jan 2: NCNA arnounces from the port of Dairen that
"the Soviet SS Zagorsk, which violated China's harbor regulations and
acted contemptuously toward China's sovereignty was today ordered to
leave China. Describing an altercation between the ship's captain and
the Chinese harbor pilot, NCNA adds that: "Deliberately enlarging the
incident, the representative of the Soviet Embassy in China openly
supported this arrogant and unreasonable big-nation chauvinist atti-
tude of the Soviet captain."
TABS on Jan. 2 publicizes a statement of the Soviet Maritime
Ministry charging that the Chinese authorities "unlawfully detained"
the Zagorsk on Dec. 8 and held her until the 28th on the "absolutely
groundless charges that the Soviet ship had 'violated regulations.'"
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It gives the Soviet version of ''what really happened," diametrically
contradicting the Chinese story.
December 29: Soviet Army daily KRASNAYA ZVEZDA (Red Star) editorial
"On Events in the CPR and the PLA," states that "The men of the USSR
armed forces, like all Soviet people, cannot fail to be concerned and
disturbed by the policy of the CCP leadership.... Mao Tse-tung and
his supporters have ... declared the CPSU and USSR to be 'enemy No. l'
-- against which they intend, so to speak, to 'wage struggle to the
end!... The CCP leaders are trying to make the Army a blind weapon of
their anti-Leninist, anti-Soviet, and great-power course.... Even a
mere manifestation of sympathy for the SU by Chinese servicemen is
viewed ... as national betrayal...."
TANYUG Peking reports the city "flooded withE.1.2gfil!_taEilEpt one
of the most prominent leaders of the CR," Tao Chu, who is called "the
new representative of the bourgeois-reactionary line," -- a "senational
and unexpected turn." It adds that "many more workers were noted in
the RG processions today,? a new element in the current trend."
? Tokyo YOMIURI reports on a new Dec. 15 CCP directive to spread
the CR to farm villages and to organize RG with poor and lower middle-
class peasants. Tokyo JIJI adds that Vice Premier Teng Tzu-hui, Second
vice premier Chen Yun, and Agricultural Minister Liao Lu-yen, the first
two implicated in Liu Shao-chi's self-criticism, were severely denounced
at a Dec. 28 rally for serious errors in agricultural policy. ASAHI
adds that new RG wall papers denounce Chen Yi and Hu Chiao-mu, author
of A SHORT HISTORY OF THE CCP.
Albanian Party daily ZERI I POPULLIT 10,000-word editorial hotly
defends the Chinese CR: "Why the Imperialist-Revisionist Chorus attacks
the CCP and the GPCR With Rage."
Radio Djakarta's "Gentlemen on Mainland China" program denounces
Peking mass media dissemination of a "so-called statement on Dec. 22
by the self-styled SecyGen of the Indonesian Organization for Afro-
Asian Solidarity, Ibrahim Isa, who is a collaborator refugee from
Indonesia." "The CPR dreamed that one day it could become master of
Indonesia. But only remnants of the PKI are left now and ... the CPR
should not dream that by using these imposters -- Ibrahim Isa, Djawoto,
and their followers -- as stooges to carry out Peking's propaganda and
agitation, the CPR will still be able to achieve its goal...."
December 30: Belgrade Radio's Moscow correspondent Sundic reports
that several thousand M Moscovites met the expelled Soviet journalists
at the railway station, "the first public anti-Chinese demonstration,
but probably not the last:"
"Relations with China have reached a stage where much graver
incidents ... can be expected. Incidents of another kind are
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more and more being talked about, such as possible provocative
Chinese actions on the Soviet border...."
Tirana Radio broadcasts to Poland excerpts from "the document of
the Provisional CC of the Polish CP published recently in LA VOIX DU
PEUPLE, organ of the Belgian CP." It begins: "In recent years the
situation in our country has decidedly worsened...."
December 81: TANYUG Peking reports new posters describing a rally of
100,000 people the day before which publicly denounced Liu and Teng
and sent a letter to Mao demandin final and shatterin? blows against
them.
Former Tito comrade and Vice President Milovan flilas is released
from Yugoslav prison after serving half of his latest 9-year sentence.
PEOPLE'S DAILY features a joint editorial with RED FLAG,
"Carry the GPCR Through to the End." Repeatedly referring to the
"ia_itnalt11.22f_p_qapl_..e in authority in the Party and taking the capitalist
road," it admits that they "stubbornly persist ... and are not recon-
ciled to their defeat."
"Why were these persons who persist'. in the bourgeois reactionary
line able for a time to hoodwink some people? They made use of the
high prestige enjoyed by Chairman Mao.... They also made special
efforts to spread the idea that people should obey the leadership of
their immediate superiors unconditionally and in disregard of principle.
Such an idea in essence advocates blind obedience and slavishness, and
and it is opposed to M-L, Mao Tse-tung's thought." (!)
It announces that "a new situation has developed in China's GPCR."
"Vast numbers of workers and peasants have arisen. They are
breaking through all obstacles to establish their own revolutionary
organizations and they have plunged into the movement of the
GPCR.... The GPM must go from the offices, schools, and cultural
circles to the factories and mines and the rural areas so that
all positions are captured by Mao Tse-tung's thought...."
Acknowledging that "some muddleheaded people" think that the CR
might impede production, it declares that "historical experience"
shows that "production makes big headway wherever the CR is successful."
"The mass movement in factories and mines and the rural areas for
the GPCR is an irresistible historical trend. Any argument or person
standing in the way of this trend will be swept onto the rubbish heap
by the revolutionary masses...."
January 2: Cairo announces Soviet agreement to furnish 650,000 tons of
wheat within the coming year, a fourth of the UAR's import needs.
Three Poles escape from a group touring Venice and request polit-
ical asylum.
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(Chrono.)
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1089 EUR.
FINLAND:
Soviets Still Critical of SOcial Democrats 1
25X1 C1 Ob
. SITUATION: When the Finnish Social emocratic Party' (SDP) formed
a coalition government last May (see BPG Item #1026 of 6 June: "West
European Communists Stress Popular Front Tactics: The Case of Finland")
Soviet and other Communist propagandists mouthed pious hopes that this
would open up a new era in Moscow-Helsinki relations, -which had been
clouded in the past by continuing Soviet cHticism of SDP leaders and
policies.
An article in the September 1966 issue of the internationally distri-
buted WORLD MARXIST REVIEW (attached), fore example, reviewed the details
of the unsuccessful efforts of the Finnish! Communist Party (FCP) to co-
operate with the SDP since shortly after Arid War II. It concludedby
declaring that it would henceforth be the task of the FCP-"to see to it
that the incipient cooperation with the Social Democrats is strengthened
and developed all the way to joint struggle for socialist aims."
Continuing this wooing of the Finnish! Socialists, the 21 September
1966 issue of Moscow's NEW TIMES published a report on the impressions
of a group Of Soviet tourists who visited 'Finland during the -summer, in-
cluding this passage of comment on the "improved" atmosphere which had
been Observed since the FCP was taken into the government for the first
time since 1948:
"This sense of political realism finds concrete expression in the
strong desire of the overwhelming majority of the people, and also
of farsighted political and public leaders, for friendship and co-
operation with the Soviet people.... With the formation of a gov-
ernment representing the country's dsmocratic forces, Finnish public
opinion now hopes for closer friendly relations with neighboring
countries, first among them the Soviet Union, and for the strengthen-
ing of Finland's peaceable foreign policy."
Less than 12 weeks later, however, M scow's PRAVDA shattered these
dreams of friendship and cooperation by pAblishing an article which criti-
cized the November congress of the SDP fo having failed to "reach decisions
which would express the desire of many Finnish Social Democrats to turn the
party's policy decisively on a new road and to renounce everything old which
has kept the party backward and has brought its policy closer to the anti-
Communist policy of reactionary circles in Finland and abroad."
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&WNW (1089 Cont.)
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(The text of the PRAVDA attack, as broadcast by Radio Moscow
in Finnish, is attached. The printed version of the article is
almost exactly the same as the broadcast version with the addition
of explanatory passages [for the Soviet domestic audiences] such
as one in the penultimate paragraph which describes the "Honka al-
liance," which the SDP helped to form, as a group representing the
"forces of extreme right reaction.")
Several stands which the SDP took at its November 1966 congress came
in for particular criticism in PRAVDA: failure of the SDP to condemn West
German "revanchism," failure to disassociate itself from the pro-Western
line of the Socialist International (see BPG Items #1027 of 6 June 1966
"The Socialist International Breaks Its European Shell" and #997 of 14
March 1966 "The Socialist International Congress: Stockholm 5-8 May 1966"),
and refusal to align itself with the Finnish "peace movement."
Aside from Soviet unhappiness over statements made at the SDP congress,
the PRAVDA attack probably reflects the annoyance of the Soviet Government
and the CPSU over the failure of Finnish Prime Minister Rafael Paasio, who
is also Chairman of the SDP, to give in to the Soviets' pressure. When
Paasio was chosen to lead the Socialist, Communist, and Agrarian coalition
government last May he was considered a compromiser, but he has turned out
to be a tough-minded politician who has kept the FCP members of the Cabinet
under fairly tight control. Furthermore, Paasio refused to accede to the
Soviet proposal for party-to-party contacts between the SDP and the CPSU.
In November the Soviets were reportedly disturbed by the Finnish Prime
Minister's decision not to have talks with CPSU leaders but only with gov-
ernment officials while he was visiting Moscow.
A further development was reported in the 25 December WASHINGTON
STAR (attached). The STAR article notes that SDP "also failed to declare"
for the reelection of President Urho Kekkonen in 1968 "as the Soviets would
have wished." It goes on to observe that the left-wing Socialist splinter
party headed by Justice Minister Simonen, which had formed an electoral
alliance with the Communists in last March's elections,has called its SDP
colleagues unfit to govern.
The material in this "Situation" section with the exception of
references to earlier BPG!s, is unclassified.
25X1 C1 Ob
2
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irp*I101140T (1089 Cont.)
Approved For Release 1999/08/grft-RDP78-03061A000400070006-6 25X1 Cl Ob
REFERENCES
NIEUWE ROTTERDAMSE COURANT, 20 December 1966, "Paasio Under Pressure"
(attached)
NEW YORK TIMES, 2 January 1967, "Party in Finland Wary of Moscow"
(p. 18 of 3 January PRESS COMMENT)
3
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JllTflhl (1089.)
APprovedForRelease1999/08/rinT-RDP78-03061A00164015075660169-667
1090 AF,NE,WH
AEROFLOT: ECONOMIC COST
ILO
SITUATION: (Unclassified except where noted) The Free World acti-
vities of the USSR's Aeroflot have expanded rapidly and continuously
since 1955, and technical assistance to developing countries in the
establishment of air transport has been a significant feature of the
Soviet Bloc aid program. These activities have undoubtedly yielded
gains: prestige has been enhanced by the extension of the Soviet pre-
sence; some savings in hard currency have been effected; the potentials
for intelligence operations and economic-political penetration have
expanded substantially. On the other hand, the poor performance of Aero-
flot and Soviet aircraft in many countries offsets some of the advantage
gained; indeed, unfavorable comparisons of Soviet and Free World air
transport and aircraft have had a negative over-all effect in some coun-
tries. (Unclassified attachment contains details.)
The international expansion of Aeroflot has been dramatic. Before
1955, Aeroflot's operating sphere was limited to the Bloc countries. By
1960 it had spread out beyond the Bloc, mainly to Western European capi-
tals; between 1960 and 1965 its network doubled as the USSR concentrated
on obtaining air agreements with the less developed countries of Asia
and Africa; and in 1966 a further expansion by 10 to 20 percent was
achieved by new agreements which included routes to Canada, the US,*
and Switzerland. The USSR now has air agreements with 54 countries, and
*The agreement with the US does not represent a radical new step for
Aeroflot; it differs little from the agreement which had been initialed
by the US and USSR governments in 1961 but, because of growing tensions
over Berlin, not signed at that time. The earliest interest in a civil
air agreementby both governments was officially expressed in 1958.
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611,411,4? (1090 Cont.)
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serves more than 40 of them with its total network of about 60,000 nau-
tical miles.*
Aeroflot is currently attempting to expand its operations to Japan,
Latin America, and Africa. The Soviets are experiencing their greatest
frustration in Africa. Largely because of Sudanese firmness (Secret)
they have been unable to extend their present routes to the south from
Khartoum. Furthermore, the Soviets' effort to set up a flight to
Brazzaville via Conakry and Accra received a set-back when the inaugural
flight crashed on takeoff in February 1966. In addition, Aeroflot's
operations in Ghana were suspended after Nkrumah's overthrow.
In the realm of economic aid, the Soviets have been selling aircraft
and providing technical training to the developing countries. Prices of
Soviet planes are more modest than the roughly comparable Free World
models, repayment terms are longer, and interest rates are lower.** In
addition, the Soviets train pilots and maintenance men in the USSR, and
also send teams of 10 to 20 air line operation specialists to developing
countries; reportedly, these services are offered at a discount, and
sometimes the first 6 months or year of service is provided by the Sov-
iets free of charge. The African countries are the major targets of the
Soviets' economic aid efforts.
Aeroflot's international operations are undoubtedly heavily subsi-
dized by the Soviet government. Available data on load factors*** indi-
cate that Soviet international flights have been operating at well under
the 50% level, which Western air lines generally accept as the break-
even point for such operations. In addition, the heavier Soviet craft,
most of which were modelled after Soviet air force bombers, are more
expensive to operate and also have a far shorter useful life than Free
World aircraft. (See further details on-economic aspects of Soviet air
operations in treatment).
Other Soviet motivations, however, are obviously strong enough to
outweigh the economic burden of losses in international air activities.
The political prestige value of displaying advanced industrial power is
*Aeroflot does not have lines to West Germany and Turkey; however, several
Bloc air lines have flights to Frankfurt, and Czechoslovakia has flights
to Ankara.
**List prices are lower and, reportedly, discounts are made in accordance
with political considerations so that Soviet planes can cost around half
as much as Free World models; however, the usual differential is not that
great. Repayment terms are reportedly 8 years or longer at interest rates
as low as 21/2%. In spite of such inducements, Western countries have not
been buying Soviet transport planes because of their exceptionally high
operating costs.
***Percentage occupancy of seating capacity.
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recognized by Free World observers. Less obvious, however, are the other
interests which the Soviets can serve through their air activities. For
example, economic and political leverage on developing countries can be
maintained and broadened through reliance on Soviet equipment and know-
how. Of particular value to the Soviets is the potential expansion of
support for intelligence operations.
Aeroflot provides excellent cover for Soviet intelligence officers.
It is well-known in international air line circles that most of the Aero-
flot agents in foreign countries are intelligence officers. With minimum
official duties -- sometimes being responsible for only one flight a
week -- Aeroflot agents have abundant time to pursue a broad spectrum of
intelligence objectives. Their job affords them good opportunities to
contact the host countries' military officers and political figures. An
example of political involvement was seen in the unsuccessful meddling
by the Soviets in the Ceylonese elections of March 1965, involving Aero-
flot agent V.L. Kurin, whose earlier activities indicated that he was an
intelligence officer. The Soviets' election activities were widely
publicized and as a result one well-known Soviet intelligence officer,
Second Secretary K.M. Shalkharov, was asked to leave Ceylon; but Kurin
was permitted to stay. Another example of Aeroflot-covered intelligence
operations involved S.S. Petrov. Petrov was denied a visa to return to
France in February 1965, according to the French press, because of the
evidence that he had been engaged in industrial espionage.
Aeroflot can also provide communications and logistical support for
clandestine activities. For instance, Aeroflot has supported insurrec-
tions in Laos and the Congo, conducting airdrops and carrying arms and 25X1 C1 Ob
ammunition falsely labeled as Red Cross supplies.
*US planes also hauled more than 21/2 times more ton-miles of air freight
than did Soviet planes.
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1091. COMMUNIST OFFICIALS ABROAD
OUSTED DURING 1966
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SITUATION: The year 1966 revealed once more the world-wide spread
of Communist subversion; some 68 Communist officials serving abroad were
declared personnae non gratae by their hosts and sent home. A substan-
tial number was kicked out of Ghana in the aftermath of Nkrumah's over-
throw: a total of 29, including 20 Soviets, 4 Cubans, 2 East Germans,
and 3 Chicoms. Kenya accounted for l.
Since these incidents have been and continue to be important sub-
jects for propaganda play, particularly in coverage of new cases as they
crop up, it will be useful for field stations to have on hand a brief
digest of recent cases for reference purposes. Accordingly, an unclassi-
fied attachment accompanies this guidance listing all cases in which
representatives from Communist nations have been overtly asked to leave
by their host governments during 1966. The names are grouped by country
of origin and listed alphabetically within these groupings. A short
description of the reason for the subject's ouster is given, as well as
his position and the country from which expelled.
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Prague, Czechoslovakia September 1966
Finland: Co-operation Among the Democratic Forces
CPYRGHT
CONSIDERABLE changes have taken place latterly in Finland's
'?'political scene. A new situation has emerged as a result of
developments over a relatively long period, in particular the evolu-
tion of the international situation and to no less an extent the fact
that the general line pursued by the world Communist movement
has deprived the anti-communists of their weaponry.
.! Throughout the post-war period the support enjoyed by the
People's Democratic Alliance, the main force in which is the Com-
munist Party, has remained stable with 20-30 per cent of the elec-
torate backing it at the polls. In 1945-48 we were in the government
with the Social Democratic and Agrarian parties. These three
groups have invariably been the biggest in the country.
. After we were forced out of the government in 1948 the Social
Democratic Party alone took over the administration. Soon, how-
l', ever, it was joined by the Agrarians in a coalition which lasted until
1959, when foreign policy considerations impelled the Social
; Democrats to go into opposition.
? " Since 1954 we have been working to achieve co-operation and
. unity of action with the Social Democrats. In that year the Central
Committee of the Communist Party issued a call for united action,
:.declaring its readiness to. work together with the Social Democrats
:for a policy meeting the interests of the working people. This appeal
; found an eager response in the trade unions and in the factories,
where discontent was mounting with the Social Democratic policy
- ;of raising prices and freezing wages to serve the purposes of big
capital, a policy which led to the general strike of 1956. Demon-
strating the unity of the working class, this strike action alarmed
I the Rights and Impelled the anti-communists and other reactionaries
to combine. The Social Democratic Party itself was split.
, In 1957 Tanner, the leader of the Right-wing Social Democrats,
;notorious for his opposition to good-neighbourly relations with the
Soviet Union and his record, was again elected chairman of his
party.
In general elections of the following year the People's Democratic
Alliance won a resounding victory, securing 50 seats out of 200.
;The Social Democrats in parliamentsplit and an opposition Social
Democratic parliamentary group was formed. Later this group
evolved into an independent party.
The workers' parties., had the majority in the newly-elected
; parliament. The leadership of the SUP headed by Tanner, however,
would not hear of any co-operation with the Communists. In ?iew
of this totally blind anti-communist stand, we redoubled our efforts
to bring our united action policy home to the masses. We found a
wide response among the Social Democratic following as well.
The Rights in the trade union movement and the SDP leadership
! bent every effort to prevent the growth of Communist influence, to
i isolate us and to split the unions. A new trade union body supported
by big business and .by Social-Democratic Vest European trade
? union centres and the leaders of the International Confederation
of Free Trade Unions was established in 1960, but it failed to win
appreciable support among the workers. It remained a splinter
group pursuing narrow partisan and anti-communist ends.
Then, in 1961, the SDP leaders and the bourgeois extreme Right
made a desperate effort to channel Finland's home and foreign
policy on to the lines of the "thirties". On the eve of the presidential
election of 1962 they entered into an electoral bloc in order to
defeat President Kekkonen and to install an ultra-Right instead.
The attempt failed. The Social Democrats were defeated in the
general election as well. ?
In the long run these manipuiations gave rise to sharp criticism
in the SDP, and the party's convention in 1963 made changes in
the leadership. For one thing, a new chairman was elected. Both
the party and its parliamentary group made a re-appraisal of their
policy, taking a firmer stand against the capitalist government.
Foreign policy, too, was re-examined and the SDP began officially
to favour good relations with the Sas let UnTon based on mutual
confidence.
All in all this record of the attempts made to steer the SDP along
inti-communist lines is an instructive one for all the political forces
and the working class of Finland.
What is the situation today?
The Social Democratic Party won a major victory in the elections
of last March and emerged as the biggest party in the country.
l'he workers' parties taken together gained the majority in parlia-
ment (103 seats). This put the Right- w lag Social Democrats in a
different position. Fruitful co-operation in goy erament without the
bourgeoisie was now a tangible possibility.
During the election campaign we underscored the need for
co-operation between the workers' parties, stressing that only if
they won the majority and worked in a spirit of co-operation was
it possible to efket a change of policy in a direction favourable
to the working class.- A similar Niew was taken by some prominent
SDP leaders. For instance, Vaino Leskinen, formerly known as an
anti-communist and one of those who were not elected to the
Party leadership in 1963, spoke already before the elections in
favour of co-operation between the Social Democrats and Com-
munists. Today, too, he is influential, especially among the Social
Democratic youth and students. Besides Leskinen there arc other
SDP leadeis ho believe that the party should mold repeating the
mistakes of the "fifties", that it should work out a new political H
line, and that this can be done in co-operation with the Communists.
It is believed that at least 80 per cent of the Social Democratic
Party membership are for co-operation with the Communists in the
government. The majority of the members of the Agrarian Union
(now Centre .Party) are inclined to take the same view.
The new government was formed towards the end of May,
following prolonged negotiations. The number of ministerial port-
folios given to the People's Democrats did not correspond to the
percentage vote - three instead of the four they should have received
on the strength of their electoral support. The most difficult thing,
however, was to reach agreement on a government programme.
The programme finally worked out; apart from agricultural policy,
corresponds to the interests of the Working class and the majority
of the nation in both the domestic and foreign policy spheres.
Most complex arc the fiscal problems of the state.' which is
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experiencing grave unticuities as a result of tne monopoly-inspired
policy pursued over a long period of time. In order to get out of
the red it is essential mainly to increase revenue, since the oppor-
tunities for culling expenditure are rather limited. Reduction of
military spending, which in Finland is comparatively low. cannot
help much to re-establish equilibrium. I fence the government
programnie calls for increasing revenue mainly through taxation
of the big companies and the high-income groups.
Briefly, our aims are the following: a foreign policy based on
peaceful coexistence; maintaining and strengthening good-neigh-
bourly relations with the Soviet Union; an active peace policy;
prevention of unemployment; accelerated economic development,
above all by :expanding government-controlled industry; more
housing construction; balanced foreign trade; prevention of any
rise in. prices; improved social security; fair taxation, and a school
reform.
The Fourteenth Congress of the Communist Party, held in
January-February this year, adopted an economic and political
programme for the immediate period. The following are the main
points in this programme:
"To combat the grip of the monopolies and the economic pro-
grammes of big business our Party advances its own proposals
aimed at building up, on.a national basis, a prosperous economy.
"These proposals have as their point of departure the following:
"I.. Parliament should exercise both direct and indirect demo-
cratic control over the economy, with the effective participation
of the workers in management and genuine participation of the
peasants in the work of the co-operatives and the conduct of
their affairs. . .
"2. The state sector in industry should be expanded both by
building new state-owned enterprises and by nationalising
monopoly-owned enterprises. The state-owned enterprises should
play the leading role inbeconomic development.
"3. Anti-monopoly eontrol should be established over prices,
investment and taxes :in order to increase state accumulations
essential for the development of :the economy.
"4. The scientific and technological revolution calls for expanded
research, improved training of specialists, increase of basic capital
and expansion of production enterprises.
"5. In order to modernise the economy effective measures should
be taken to ensure full employment at the existing enterprises and
to provide new job opportunities.
-"The most effective way to do-this is through industrial develop-
ment. Equally important arc major hydrotechnical, road-building
and irrigation projects and housing construction. Agriculture has
unused potential which, if utilised could retard growth of unem-
ployment,
"6. The state should take measures to check the growing influence
of foreign capital in the. Finnish economy..
"7. The potential of non-monopoly private enterprise should
also be utilised to promote economic development.
"8. It is imperative to promote public planning and to draw up
on the basis of thorough research a plan of general development
for our country."
ne t_ommumst programme contains speculc proposals con-
cerning, in particular, the engineering, chemical, wood-working and
power industries. It recommends the building of an automobile
plant and of a nuclear power station, improving quality of output
in the -wood-working enterprises, and sets forth the target figures
for housing construction in 1966-75.
The programme calls for a reorganisation of state administration
with a view to ensuring more effective state participation in economic '
planning and management..
For about a year now we have been conducting negotiations i
with the Social Democrats on restoring the organisational unity
of the trade union movement. We insist on ending the discrimina-
tion against the Communists, on equal representation and demo- !
cratic procedures. Since the election there has been greater under- ,
standing, and the Social Democrats in the trade unions are, in-
creasingly, coining to see our viewpoint. The Congress of the
Central Trade Union Federation, the oldest trade union centre
in the country, which we have supported .:igainst the splitters, held
in June-July 1966. was a notable event in this respect.
Prior to this CongresS only three of the servinteen members of ;
the Federation's Executive were Communists. Now, however, 1,
with the Social Democrats taking a favourable stand towards
co-operation with us. it was agreed to give the Communists bigger
representation. In the election of officers a Social Democrat, Nnlo ;
Hamalitinen, was chosen as Chairman, and a Communist, Arvo :
liautala, as Second Chairman. A Communist was elected Second
Secretary of the Federation. With the exception of the election of
the Chairman, all decisions were adopted unanimously. -
Clearly, then, big changes have taken place in the Social Demo-
cratic movement. The anti-communists have lost ground. This
opens up new opportunities in the struggle for the workers' interests,
for extending democracy, for peace and for socialism.
The experience of the past twenty years shows that anti-com-
munism and the alliance with the capitalist parties prompted by
it. can only spell defeat for the Social Democrats, reduce their
following and split their ranks. This has compelled them to review
their political line in regard to the Communists. It is our task to
see to it that the incipient co-operation with the Social Democrats
is strengthened and developed all the way to joint struggle for
socialist aims.
Proceeding from the decisions of the Fourteenth Congress, we
have taken steps to amend our programme and rules in keeping
with the changed conditions and requirements. It is our purpose
to define with the utmost precision our attitude to the existing
democratic institutions, to the multi-party system and civil liberties
generally both during the transition to socialism and after its
triumph..
We believe that this will promote the growth of the socialist
forces and facilitate co-operation among them in our country,
where the objective conditions are exceptionally favourable for
launching out on the road of socialist change.
Aarne Saarinen
2
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Translation of broadcast by Radio Moscow
in Finnish at 1630 GMT on 12 December 1966
(Text) PRAVDA publishes today an article by its Helsinki correspondent entitled
1 "At the Crossroads," dealing with the results of the 27th Congress of the Finnish
!Social Democrat Party. The correspondent states that the congress has aroused
attention both in Finland and abroad. The article says:
1The interest in the Finnish Social Democrat Party congress is fully understandable.
,Above all it can be explained by the fact that social circles had waited to see
whether the congress would reach decisions which would express the desire of many
Finnish Social Democrats to turn the party's policy decisively on a new road
1 and to renouhce everything old which has kept the party backward and has brought
i its policy closer to the anticommunist policy of reactionary circles in Finland
! and abroad. ?
The previous 1963 party congress started a critical revision of that political
line, which in the past has created a party .impasse. In the period between. the
party congresses! demands were often heard within the Social Democrat Party for a
I complete, revision of the party' s foreign policy, to show by actions and not
merely by words true readiness to support the Finnish foreign policy of friend-
' ship with the Soviet Union and to boldly throw aside prejudices toward the
Finnish Communist Party and other progressive forces which more consistently
stand for the interests of Finnish workers, for the national interests of the '
whole country, and for peace and social progress.
After taking certain forward steps in solving-some questions, the congress did
not, however, take those views into account, the writer of the article states.
From the view point of Soviet social circles, one such forward step was the congress1
foreign politigbal resolution which obliges the party leaders, the basic sections,
the press, as well as its workers andmembers, to work actively and sincerely for
the further development of Finnish-Soviet relations. A new feature for the Social
Democrat Patty was the demand of the congress that the United States should end
its bombings of the DRV and its positive attitude toward the proposals for forming
nuclear-free zones in northern Europe as well as toward the convocation of an
international conference to discuss measures to guarantee European security.
NO unprejudiced observer could help wondering why the congress rejected the
proposal of a Social Democrat Party organization that the Finnish Social Democrat
!Party should join the Finnish _Peace Defense Movement as a member organization
and why the congress in its resolutions did not deal at all with the dangers
created to the peace and security of European nations by West German revanchism.
_
1 It was apparently not acciuentni that the paper KANSAN LEHTI said duringthCOrigre
that one must'not'close Jnels zyes to the danger of war, for instance, to tho danger
of arming West Germny with nuclear arms'.
i It is.notewopthy that the congress this time did not even adopt a clear..cut stand cr
1 issue a resolution dissociating the SDP from the resolutions of the ;Jocialist
1 International Congress which are permeated with a belligerent spirit of anticommunism
! and direct support for the aggressive NATO alliance.
As the Finnish press has stated, such inconsistencies and contraditions also
I characterize the congresst decisions of questions of internal policy. The congress
!supported the work of the present Finnish Government. On this question it was expected,
ithat the congress would also explicitly express its views on ways for cooperation
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workers place great hopes in such cooperation. But the documents of the congress
- do not say one word about it. The congress approved many decisions on economic and
social questions whose realization could promote an improvement in the position
of the working people. However, it ignored the fact that the most important condition
for carrying out these decisions is the wide cooperation of the workers, as the
experience of the workers movement over the course of many years has shown.
It is true that the congress urged members of the Finnish Social Democrat Party,
. among other things, to energetically support efforts to consolidate the Finnish
trade Union movement. At the same time one cannot ignore the fact that the
; decision of the previous congress of the Finnish Social Democrat Party to support
the disruptive federation of Finnish Trade Unions was not cancelled. This decision
prevents the achievement of such unity.
The positions taken by the congress nave aroused very lively comment in Finnish
'Political circles. The congress did not define its views on the Finnish presidential
election but left it to the party committee. This alerts Finnish social cirales
1 because they still have fresh memories of the Finnish Social Democrat Party's
;part in the formation of the so-called Honka-alliance before the last presidential
election. ?
; The Finnish press writes that the work of the whole congress and its decisions prove
1 that the Finnish Social Democrat Party has remained at the crossroads, without.having
; defined a new independent, political line which would be in keeping with the times.
- Judging by statements of Finnish social circles on the results of the congress, the
Finnish Social Democrat Party still has a lot to do before its policy can enjoy the
full confidence of those progressive circles and forces which steadfastly stand
for real interests 'of the workers movement and of all working people, the PRAVDA
article concludes.
COALITION IMPERILED December 25, 1964 Washington Star
CPYRGHT1
cpyiRGHFinns Again Vying for Soviet Favor
By 11. J. BARNES,Social Democratic party confer- designed to settle once and for Social Democratic colleagues
special to The Star ence last month and the visit to all relations between the party unfit to govern.
COPENHAGEN, DenmarkMoscow by Social Democratic
attempts to curry tavor wi
Moscow are one of the most
--, unsavory features of Finnish
party politics.
the broad four-party
coalition between the Social
Democrats, the Center (Agrari-
I an) party, the Communists and
' the Left-Wing Socialists (Simon-
kites) was created last May it
I was hoped this aspect of party
'conflict would be eliminated as
the parties got down to the
serious business of economic
reform,
But as the divergent interests
of the parties in the government
become more and more appar-
' ent, the competition to stand pat
with Moscow Is breaking out
again,
It is one of several signs that
the coalition, which is one of the
most powerful in Finnish histo-
ry, controlling 152 of parlia_
ment's 200 seats, is in danger of
breaking up.
I The stumbling block to smooth
ico-operation ilferp ' , e , t
election in 190aReiease
ate trouble stems from the
e MThlster Rafael PaaSo.
Now Biggest Party
In 1958 the Russians declared
the Social Democrats unfit to sit
in the government and they
were kept out of power until
they won a major victory in the
March election. They gained 18
seats for a total of 55 and be-
came the biggest party
a in
parliament,
The problem is that the Social
Democrats are the natural
enemies of the Finnish Commu-
!lists.
In 1961 the Russians caused a
crisis in relations with Finland
and demanded military consul-
tations in a successful attempt
to stop the chances of the Social
Democratic candidate winning
the 1962 presidential election.
Former Center Party leader
Urho Kekkonen, was re-elected.
Relations between the Social
Democrats . were smoothed out
by a party emissary last March,
but _they are bfbamogory4icaotiktgoonadolituroutRat
Paasio's visit to Moscow was
,-,
for some undisclosed reason, the
subject was never broached.
At last month's Social Demo-
crac conference, noIll
t f a e
all th
tiWhen
resolutions were framed exactly
as the Russians would have
liked. In particular, the confer-
t d di not reject a stand k
d t taken
ence f
h f
t the 1962 conference o
a Oslo
the Socialist International when
the party supported a resolution
which, among other things, referred to NATO as a 4%w_
wark of peace."
The party also failed to de-
dare for Kekkonen, as the
Soviets would have wished.
Pravda Attack
On Dec. 12 Pravda launched
an attack on te Social Demo-
crats, in moderate tone, but
recalling the 1961 crisis.
Other members of the coalition
have been quick to take up the
cudgels for their own ends.
Minister of Justice Aare
Simonen (hence Simonites)
br
crate in 1957, has called his
seven seats in parliament, ever
joined the government is one of
the mysteries of Finnish politics'
It could have been due to Rus-
sian pressure.
Motives for Simonen's beha-
vior could be an attempt to win
electoral favor in order to
prevent extinction at the next
P
election. Only an electoral
alliance with the Comthunistsenabled the party to 'obtain
seven seats last spring.
Center Party Aims if
A more serious threat topthe
coalition comes from the Cehter
party, which has demanded new
negotiations on some govern-
ment policies.
The Center party wants the
Socialists to abandon rumored
plans to nationalize the insur-
ance business and to secure for
itself permanent price regula-
tions for agriculture?which
would hinder Social Democratic
efforts to rationalize agriculture.
wants
I presi-
dent.
I
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PAASIO UNDER PRESSURE
Nieuwe Rotterdamse Courant
Rotterdam, Netherlands, 20 December 1966
Even though the Finnish Parliament quickly approved the budget for
the following year, the tensions in the coalition of Social Democrats, Left
Socialists, Communists and the Agrarian Center Party are increasing con-
stantly. The Left Socialist Simonen remains aloof from the prudent re-
organization policy of the coalition, whereas he is also extremely critical
of the foreign policy of the Social Democrats.
The Center Party has other problems. It has for years been the leading
Government party and finds it less easy to adjust itself to second fiddle
position. It feels that the left wing is dictating the policy and that is
causing its uneasiness. Since the Government program, according to the Center
Party, is not clear enough, new negotiations will be necessary. The Center
Party would deny its agrarian basis if a new permanent price system would not
head the request list, coupled to a revision of the tax system for agriculture.
The Center Party thus announces that it will conduct a fierce struggle to pre-
vent the left wing from nibbling too much at the subsidy adjustments for agri-
culture.
The Center Party is also disappointed about the endeavor of the Social
Democrats to present their own candidate in the 1968 presidential elections
The Center had hoped that the Social Democrats would place themselves with
the other parties behind the candidacy of Kekkonen, the present President of
the Agrarian camp. However, at the recent Party Congress of the Social Demo-
crats, the interest centered more around a candidate of their own, although a
decision in this respect has been postponed.
From a tactical standpoint this postponement has great advantages, for
when the time arrives the Social Democrats can demand a better political price
for their support of Kekkonen. In any case, this postponement will prompt the
Center Party to be more cautious.
The refusal of the Social Democratic Party Congress to place itself be-
hind the candidacy of Kekkonen, has also been a disappointment for Pravda
in other words, for the Russian leadership. Throughout the years, Kekkonen
has been the politician in whom the Kremlin had the greatest confidence. The
Social Democrats' desire to present a candidate of their own is reminding
Pravda of the last presidential elections when a coalition of rightwing social-
ists and extremist reactionary forces (one can recognize here the old termi-
nology) put the neutral Honka in the field as opposition candidate.
This clearly seems to be a warning to the Social Democrats not to have
dealings with "rightist" figures. This warning, by the way, was contained in
a complex of objections against the Social Democrats. Even though the evil
glance of Moscow put an end earlier this year to the exclusion of the Social
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Democrats from the Government, the Simonens could report prior to the Party
Congress that the Social Democratic face was not yet clean enough accord-
ing to Moscow's views. And after the Congress that did not entirely take
Simonen's warning to heart, Pravda can not state that it still has too many
black spots.
Pravda will certainly appreciate some points of the resolutions by the
Congress, such as the demand to the Americans to stop the bombings in North
Vietnam, the support for an atom-free zone in Northern Europe, and the de-
mand for a conference on European security.
However, if the Congress thought that it could appease Pravda by stating
that the decisions of the Socialist International that conflict with Finland's
interest are not binding for the Party, then it has been under an illusion.
This part of the resolution related to the resolutions of the Socialist Inter-
national of 1951 and 1962, which testified to a favorable attitude toward NATO
and a hostile attitude toward the Soviet Union. Simonen had said already
earlier that Moscow wished the Congress to stay aloof in this respect. This
the Congress did. It kept its distance from NATO, but also, and that caused
the Russians annoyance, from all other military front formations. That in-
cluded the Warsaw pact.
Pravda is upbraiding the Party because it has not taken any decisive
steps for the elaboration of a new political line that is considering the
spirit of the time. The Finnish Social Democratic Party still is unwilling
to let itself be hemmed in by the idea of the people's front, and that annoys
Pravda. What matters in this respect is not only the exclusive condemnation
of NATO, but also the refusal to abandon the old prejudices against the Com-
munist Party and the refusal to join the Finnish peace movement collectively.
It has been learned from various sources that Paasio, the Finnish Prime
Minister, has not been successful in bringing the relations of his Party with
Russia on the right basis; he is even said to have refused to discuss Party
questions with Russian leaders, but it is not yet clear whether this is an
attempt to bring pressure on the Social Democrats or an indication of a new
political exile.
2
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SOVIET INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CIVIL AIR OPERATIONS
Until 1955 the Soviet airline Aeroflot's international routes
stretched only to Communist countries. Since then the network has grown
rapidly, and in the last six years it has more than doubled. It now totals
about 60,000 nautical miles and serves more than 40 countries. Aeroflot
schedules 82 international flights weekly, 52 linked with Free World coun-
tries and 30 with Communist countries. By international standards this
operation is small. The Scandinavian Airlines System, a medium-size inter-
national airline schedules 386 flights weekly to and from cities outside
Scandinavia.
To formalize its aviation relationships with Communist states and
to secure aviation rights in Free World countries, the USSR began signing
bilaterial air agreements in 1955. It now has air agreements with 54 coun-
tries. In 1955 most of the agreements signed were with Communist countries
and during the next three years with the aviation powers of western Europe.
As a result of these agreements Aeroflot flies into most of the capitals of
Europe, and 19 foreign airlines fly into the USSR. Since 1960 the Soviets
have concentrated on obtaining air agreements with the less developed coun-
tries of Asia and Africa.
1965 and the first quarter of 1966 was a period of frustration for the
Soviets in Africa as they sought to extend their present routes into Africa
further to the south. Air agreements were signed with Kenya, Uganda, and
Tanzania, the Soviets have not been observed to have extended their air ser-
vice any further south than Khartoum, Sudan. The Soviets attempted to ex-
tend their west African route to Brazzaville. However, the inaugural flight
from Moscow to Brazzaville via Conakry and Accra crashed on takeoff, and no-
thing more has been heard about this proposed route.
One reason why Soviet representatives have had such trouble in Africa
is the recognition by the Africans that Soviet competition would threaten
the survival of their own budding airlines. Political obstacles also have
impeded the Soviets. For example after the overthrow of Nkrumah, Aeroflot
was expelled from Ghana, and the Soviets lost the route from Conakry to
Accra.
The Soviets are becoming more active in Latin America and have been
discussing with Brazil and Mexico the possibility of Aeroflot air services
to these countries. So far, however, the Soviets have not succeeded in
gaining a civil air agreement with any Latin American country except Cuba.
The Soviets also have been working for additional air rights in the
industrial West and Japan. An air agreement between the USSR and Japan
signed in January 1966 provides for the first direct scheduled route be-
tween Japan and Western Europe. The Japanese have agreed to a jointly
operated service between JAL and Aeroflot, using only Soviet aircraft and
flight crews for two years. The Soviets have promised that by the end of
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the two-year period they will attempt to clear the way for the Japanese
Air Lines to fly independently over Siberia. Snags have developed over
the charter rates and revenue sharing, but both sides still hope to reach
agreement on the financial arrangements in time to open the Tokyo-Moscow
route in the spring of 1967, almost a year later than initially scheduled.
West Germany is one of the few countries in Western Europe that is
still not serviced by Aeroflot. West German-Soviet neogitations for
Frankfurt-Moscow civil air services have progressed to an advanced stage,
but thus far have faltered over West German refusal to permit Aeroflot to
include Berlin/Schoenefeld (located on East German territory) as an inter-
mediate landing site.
The aircraft used on Aeroflot international routes are the TU-104,
the IL-18, the TU-124, and the AN-12. The most widely used, but obsoles-
cent TU-104 gradually is being phased out of service. The IL-18 4-engine
turboprop is used on the longer routes. The TU-124 jets have assumed a
larger role in the last two years and probably will be supplemented by
the new TU-134 with its jet engines in the rear. The long-range TU-124
turboprop is the only Aeroflot model to make scheduled transatlantic
flights -- it has been flying to Havana regularly since late 1962. How-
ever, Aeroflot hopes to replace it with the more efficient IL-62, which
is still not in production. The AN-12 is used on the only two all-cargo
flights of Aeroflot, one to Paris and the other to Southeast Asia.
The prime objective of Aeroflot's international operations appears
to be to enhance the Soviet presence abroad. However, Aeroflot's impact
on a Western Europe already crowded with airflights and modern aircraft
has been minimal. The impact has been more pronounced in the less devel-
oped countries where there are fewer manifestations of western technology.
Even in Africa, however, one has only to look at the extensive network of
Air France and BOAC and their associated airlines to realize that Aeroflot's
four round trip flights a week to Africa comprise a small share of the total.
In Conakry, Guinea, for example, out of 24 outbound flights a week, only one
is by Aeroflot.
The Soviets get other benefits from Aeroflot international operations
-- the saving of foreign exchange that occurs when they transport Soviet
nationals abroad in Soviet, rather than foreign, aircraft, the opportunity
to transport agents or clandestine cargo with minimum observation by for-
eigners, and the use of Aeroflot representatives abroad as intelligence
agents.
Profitability does not appear to be a significant Soviet objective.
An analysis of passenger load factors on selected Aeroflot flights indicates
that load factors range from 18 percent on the Belgrade-Tunis-Algiers-Rabat
flight to 55 percent on the flight to Copenhagen. The average break-even
passenger load factor for all international airlines is about 50 percent.
It is apparent that the Aeroflot flights to Western Europe are considerably
more profitable than those to other areas of the World.
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Compared with other international airlines, Aeroflot does not get a
high performance rating. Aeroflot flights are reasonably safe and adher-
ence to flight schedules is reasonably good, but the performance of Soviet
aircraft is inferior to that of western aircraft. The Aeroflot aircraft
are more difficult to handle; fuel consumption is higher; and engine life
is much shorter. Service to passengers abroad Aeroflot is decidedly in-
ferior to the service on western airlines. Passenger comfort is also in-
ferior. Cabins are noisier. Pressurization is erratic.
For the future Aeroflot aircraft and service can be expected to im-
prove, but other international airlines are moving forward so rapidly that
Aeroflot will not be any great threat to Western airlines for the foresee-
able future.
3 (Aeroflot)
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Expulsions - 1966
Country
Name
ALBANIA
None
Position Expelled from
BULGARIA
1. KRISTANKOV, Zahari Military Attache Greece
Bulgarian Military Attache Zahari KRISTANKOV was arrested by Greek
security officials on 3 November 1966 while he was holding a clandestine
meeting with a Greek non-commissioned Army officer whom the Greek
authorities had been surveilling for more than a month. Perceiving the
approach of the security officials, KRISTANKOV attempted to flee in his
automobile and was only stopped by police officers firing at the rear
tires, thus immobilizing the automobile. He was released when he dis-
closed his identity and claimed diplomatic immunity, but was declared
PNG by the Greek government that same day.
2. POPOV, Stefan Commercial Representative Colombia
It was announced in the Bogota press in October 1966 that Stefan
POPOV, commercial representative in the Bulgarian trade mission in
Colombia had been declared Dersonna non grata and given four days to
leave the country. He was accused of intervening in the internal af-
fairs of Colombia and of giving unspecified aid to the subversive ele-
ments in that country. However POPOV appealed the order and was still
in Colombia at year's end.
COMMUNIST CHINA
1. CHANG Chung-hsu, Embassy employee Kenya
(also spelled CHANG Tsung-hsu)
In March 1966, ten diplomats, correspondents, and commercial repre-
sentatives from Communist nations were expelled by Kenya for attempt-
ing to subvert the government of that country. They included persons
from the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Communist China.
While specific charges were not levied against individuals, the Minister
of Home Affairs, Daniedarap Moi stated that more than 1400,000 had been
used by "certain individuals" to subvert the government. CHANG Chung -
hsu was declared PNG on 9 March and his colleague, YAO Ch'un, Third
Secretary of the Chinese Communist Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, was PNG'd
on 16 March.
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2. CHU Kuei-yu
Second Secretary Ghana
After the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah (24 February 1966) the National
Liberation Council discovered massive evidence of subversive activities
by Communist nations that had been carried on under the former dictator.
These discoveries resulted in the departure from Ghana of nearly 1000
Soviets and about 250 Chinese. Of these, only 20 Soviets and 3 Chinese
were officially declared PNG. The Chinese were CHU Kuei-yu, HU Ting-i,
and TIEN Chang-sung, who were served with PNG notices on 14 March 1966
and given 48 hours to leave Ghana because they were "intelligence
officers engaged in espionage."
3. HU Ting -i
First Secretary Ghana
HU Ting-i, First Secretary of the Chinese Communist Embassy in
Accra, Ghana, was declared PNG on 14 March 1966 and given 48 hours to
leave the country. (See CHU Juei-yu above for further details.)
4. LI En -chiu
Charge d'Affaires Netherlands
LI En -chiu, Charge d'Affaires of the Chinese Communist Embassy at
The Hague, Netherlands, was PNG'd on 19 July 1966 for implication in
the abduction of the Chinese welding expert HSU Tzu-tsai from a hospital
in The Hague. HSU Tzu-tsai had injured himself in attempting to defect
and had been taken to a hospital for treatment, whence he was abducted
by members of the Chinese Communist Embassy. He subsequently died.
5. TIEN Chang-sung
Attache Ghana
TIEN Chang-sung, attache of the Communist Chinese Embassy in Accra,
Ghana, was declared PNG on 14 March 1966 and given 48 hours to leave
the country. (See CHU Kuei-yu, above, for further details.)
6. YAO Ch'un
Third Secretary Kenya
YAO Ch'un was PNG'd from Nairobi, Kenya on 16 March 1966. His wife,
WANG Ming-o, an English interpreter, was expelled with him. (See
CHANG Chung-hsu, above, for further details.)
7. WANG Erh-k'ang
Second Secretary Switzerland
WANG Erh-k'ang was declared PNG by the Swiss government on 24 March
1966 because of his contacts with JUO Yu-shou, Cultural Attache of the
Chinese Nationalist Embassy in Burssels, who was for years an agent of
the Chinese Communists in Bern.
CUBA
1. MEWZA, Juan
Third Secretary Ghana
On 24 September 1966 the four diplomatic officials of the Cuban
Embassy in Accra, Ghana, were ordered to leave the country for inter-
fering in the internal affairs o Ghana
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30 Septemtnr, at which time the Cuban Embassy was closed. Although it
was not officially stated in the formal accusation against them, infor-
mation leaked out that they had been involved in, among other things,
conspiring to return Kwame Nkrumah to power in Ghana. The other persons
involved were: Georgina PEREZ Puig, Gaspar VARONA Hanlen, and Antonio
Lino VARONA Salgado.
2. PEREZ Puig, Georgina Charge d'Affaires
Ghana
Georgina PEREZ Puig was ordered to leave Ghana on 24 September
1966, and actually left on 30 September. (See Juan MEWZA, abpve, for
further details.)
3. VARONA Hanlen, Gaspar Third Secretary Ghana
Gaspar VARONA Hanlen was PNG'd on 24 September 1966 from Accra,
Ghana, and left on 30 September. (See Juan MEWZA, above, for further
details.)
4. VARONA Salgado, Antonio Lino Third Secretary Ghana
Antonio Lino VARONA Salgado was expelled from Accra, Ghana, on
24 September 1966 and departed on 30 September. (See Juan MEWZA,
above, for further details.)
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
1. CARDA, Jan
Third Secretary Kenya
On 15 March 1966 Jan CARDA was given 24 hours to leave Kenya
because he had engaged in espionage activities inimical to the govern-
ment of that country. His expulsion had been preceded, on 10 March,
by that of Zdenek KUBES of the Czechoslovak news agency, CETEKA, and
Stanislas KOZUBIK, Second Secretary of the Czech Embassy.
2. KOZUBIK, Stanislas
Second Secretary Kenya
Stanislas KOZUBIK, Second Secretary of the Czech Embassy in Nairobi,
Kenya, was expelled from that country on 10 March 1966. He was accused
of having engaged in activities inimical to the host government. Also
ousted on the same date was Zdenek KUBES of the Czech news agency CTK.
On 15 March Jan CARDA, Third Secretary of the Czech Embassy was also
expelled.
3. KUBES, Zdenek CETEKA (Czech news agency) correspondent Kenya
Zdenek KUBES was accused by Kenya of having engaged in activities
inimical to that country, specifically of having planted in the local
press an article unfriendly to the government of President Kenyatta.
He was declared PNG on 10 March 1966. Also ousted on the same date was
Stanislas KOZUBIK, Second Secretary of the Czech Embassy. On 15 March
Jan CARDA, Third Secretary of the Czech Embassy was also expelled.
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(rnrit_)
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4, OPATRNY, Jiri Attache United States of America
Jiri OPATRNY was declared PNG by the U.S. Government on 13 July
1966 for having attempted to bribe a Department of State employee to
plant a secret wireless transmitting device in the office of the
director of the Office of Eastern European Affairs of the State Depart-
ment. It was revealed the following day that the State Department
employee had, with the approval of the FBI, pretended to cooperate with
the Czech Embassy for more than five years as a secret agent. OPATRNY
was given 3 days to leave the U.S.A. At the same time it was revealed
that Zdenek PISK,othe Czech diplomat who originally recruited the State
Department employee, had left the U.S.A. in 1963 but had recently
returned as First Secretary of,. the Czech United Nations Mission in
New York City. When the U.S. Government informed the United Nations
Secretariat of PISK's past espionage activities, he was returned to
his homeland.
5. PISK, Zdenek First Secretary, Czech Mission to U.S.A.
United Nations
On 13 July 1966 the Department of State revealed that the Czech
embassy in Washington had attempted to subvert a Department employee.
The employee had reported the attempted recruitment to his superiors
and had thereafter, for more than five years, pretended to cooperate
with the Czechs. In 1961 he was "recruited" by Zdenek PISK, then
Second Secretary of the Czech embassy, who returned to his homeland
in 1963, after handing over the agent to Jiri OPATRNY, Attache of the
Embassy. In 1966 PISK returned to the United States with the Czech
mission to the United Naitons in New York. When the details of the
attempted espionage case were made public in July 1966, the UN Secre-
tariat was informed of PISK's role in the case and he was then returned
to Czechoslovakia. (See also note on Jiri OPATRNY, above.)
EAST GERMANY
1. APPEL, Heiner ADN (East German News Service) Kenya
correspondent
Heiner APPEL was declared PNG by the government of Kenya in
February 1966 because of his "lavish entertainment" of Kenyan leftists
with the ultimate aim of subverting the government.
2. GRAEFE, Karl-Heinz ADN (East German News Service)
correspondent
Ghana
Karl-Heinz GRAEFE, a staff member of the ADN, was expelled from
Ghana in November 1966 for subversive and other activities incompatible
with the status of a journalist. According to an official Ghanaian
statement, GRAEFE had sent and received secret messages and a search
of his residence revealed an article which contained "wholly untrue
statements" about Ghana, its aim being to "damage Ghana's reputation."
The East German Trade Mission was also ordered closed at this time.
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3. KRUGER, Jurgen (Major) (alias)
ROGALLA, Jurgen (true) Representative of Ministry
' for State Security
Ghana
Major Jurgen KRUGER arrived in Ghana in November 1964. He estab-
lished a secret training school for Ghanaian spies which was exposed
upon the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah in February 1966. KRUGER was
arrested but not tried since the EAst German government held 350
Ghanaian students then studying in that country as hostages in order
to arrange KRUGER's release. On 25 May 1966 the Ghana Government
released KRUGER in exchange for the students. KRUGER had been formally
charged with "illegal entry into Ghana, impersonating a diplomat and
using his privileged position to conduct espionage against countries
with which Ghana had friendly relations." Prior to his release KRUGER
confessed to the charges against him and further admitted that his true
name was Jurgen ROGALLA.
HUNGARY
1. BUDAI, Ferenc Second Secretary of trade mission Italy
in Milan
Ferenc BUDAI was arrested by Italian police in Milan, Italy, on
3 November 1966 while in the act of receiving secret information from
an Italian citizen employed by the United States 40th Tactical Air
Force in Italy. Since BUDAI did not have diplomatic status, he was not
declared p2rsonna non grata, but is being held for trial.
2. NOVAK, Janos
Third Secretary Kenya
Following the eclipse of the notoriously pro-Communist Oginga
Odinga, who lost his influential post as Vice-President of the KANU
Party, some 11 diplomats and journalists from Communist countries were
expelled from Kenya. They included Soviets, Czechs, Chinese, an East
German and the Hungarian, NOVAK. They were accused of maintaining
contacts with certain leftist Kenyan politicians for the ultimate pur-
pose of subverting the Kenyatta government.
NORTH KOREA
1. CHU Chan-pyon
Trade Mission Uruguay
CHU Chan-pyon was expelled from Uruguay in the Spring of 1966 when
his visa expired. (See CHU Chang-won, below, for further details.)
2. CHU Chang-won
Trade Mission Uruguay
In February 1966 the Uruguyan Government announced that it would
refuse to renew the visas of the North Korean Trade Mission members
when they expired. The announced reason was that the North Koreans
were attempting to act as diplomats rather than as trade representatives.
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As a consequence three North Koreans left with their families on
11 February: CHU Chang-won, MUN Chong-sok, and Yl Hyong-su. A fourth
member of the trade mission stayed until his visa ran out and then
left: CHU Chan-pyon.
3. KIM Kong
Interpreter Ghana
In March 1966, in the wake of the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah, three
members of the North Korean embassy in Accra, Ghana were given 30 days
to leave the country by the National Liberation Council. They were
NO Su-ok, Ambassador, SIN Sang-ku, Third Secretary, and KIM Kong,
Interpreter.
4. MUN Chong-sok
Trade Mission Uruguay
MUN Chong-sok was expelled from Uruguay in February 1966, when his
entry visa expired and the Uruguyan Government refused to renew it.
(See CHU Chang-won, above, for further details.)
5. NO Su-ok
Ambassador Ghana
NO Su-ok was expelled, on 30 days notice, from Ghana. (See KIM
Kong, above, for further details.)
6. SIN Snag-ku
Third Secretary Ghana
SIN Sang-ku was expelled, on 30 days notice from Ghana. (See
KIM Kong, above, for further details.)
7. Yl Hyong-su
Trade Mission Uruguay
Yl Hyong-su was expelled from Uruguay in February 1966. (See CHU
Chang-won, above, for further details.)
POLAND
1. DZIEDZIC, Ryszard (Major) Military Attache
U.S.A.
As a result of harrassment of two U.S. military attachgs in Poland
in April 1966, for which the Polish Government refused to make amends,
Col. Stefan STAREWSKI, assistant air attachg'of the Polish embassy in
Washington, was expelled on 4 May 1966. In retaliation the Polish
Government then expelled three U.S. military attachgs from Warsaw.
This in turn resulted in two other Poles,.Lieut. Col. Tadeusz WISNIEWSKI
and Major Ryszard DZIEDZIC, being declared PNG on 20 May 1966 by the
United States.
2. STARZEWSKI, Stefan (Colonel) Assistant Air Attach U.S.A.
STABZEWSKI was expelled from the U.S.A. in May 1966. (See DZIEDZIC,
above, for further details).
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3. WISNIEWSKI, Tadeusz (Lt. Col.) Military Attach U.S.A.
WISNIEWSKI was expelled from the U.S.A. in May 1966. (See DZIEDZIC,
above, for further details.)
SOVIET UNION
1. ABRAMOV, Valdimir Mikhaylovich? Trade Mission Ghana
In the wake of the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah(February 1966), a
large number of Communist officials was expelled from Ghana. This
included over a thousand Soviets, of whom only 20 were officially
declared PNG. According to the Ghana radio, and a "White Book" on
"Nkrumah's Subversion in Africa," the Soviets were actively involved in
every possible form of subversion. Not only did they train and super-
vise the internal Ghanaian secret police, including the detachments
charged with protecting Nkrumah, but they also trained and supervised
the Ghanaian espionage and sabotage services which operated against
the other countries of Africa. These Soviets were declared PNG on
16 March 1966 and left almost immediately.
2. AKHMEROV, Robert Isaakovich First Secretary Ghana
AKHMEROV was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
3. GLADKIY, Nikolay Ivanovich Second Secretary Ghana
GLADKIY was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
4. GLUKHOVSKIY, Vasiliy Vasilyevien Trade Mission Ghana
GLUKHOVSKIY was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
5. IVANOV, Nikolay Iosifovich Acting Consul Uruguay
Four Soviets were expelled from Uruguay on it October 1966 for
"intervening in labor affairs and inciting strikes." An official
Uruguayan Government memorandum stated that the four men were members
of the Soviet State Security Service and Military Intelligence and
summarized their objectives as: precipitating labor paralysis through
strikes and stoppages; aggravating Uruguay's economic difficulties by
disorganization of work, industrial sabotage and economic subversion;
and strengthening the position of Communist agents in the labor unions.
The four Soviets were: YANGAYKIN, Aleksey A., ZUDIN, Nikilay A., IVANOV,
and Valeriy F. SHVETZ.
6. KAMAYEV, Yevgeniy Borisovich Second Secretary Ghana
KAMAYEV was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March 1966.
(See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
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7., KATAYEV, Valeriy V. Second Secretary Ghana
KATAYEV was one of 20 Soviets eXpelled from Ghana on 16 March 1966.
(See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
8. KISAMEDINOV, Maksut Mustarkhovial Second Secretary Ghana
KISAMEDINOV was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
9. KISELEV, Ivan Pavlovich First Secretary Ghana
KISELEV was one of 20 Soviets eXpelled from Ghana on 16 March 1966.
(See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
10. KOBYSH, Vitally Ivanovich Correspondent of "Izvestiya" Brazil
and Radio Moscow
KOBYSH was expelled from Brazil on 13 April 1966. A government
source stated only that he had falsely reported that Brazilian govern-
ment officials had accepted bribes. However press reports stated that
he had provided financial aid to leftist publications and had encour-
aged them to publish articles defamatory to government officials.
11. KODAKOV, Vladimir Alexsandrovich First Secretary Kenya
In mid-March 1966 Kenya expelled 11 officials from Communist
countries. Although no reasons for this action were officially declared,
it is well known that these officials were closely involved with a
leftist opposition group within the Kenyan government which included
Oginga ODINGA, a pro-Communist vice president of the KANU Party and
also vice-president of the government. KODAKOV was declared PNG on
10 March 1966 and left that same day.
12. KOZLOV, Yuriy Nikolayevich Secretary to Military Attache Ghana
KOZLOV was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March 1966.
(See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
13. KRIVAPOLAV, Viktor S. Trade Mission Ghana
KRIVAPALOV was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
14. KURITSYN, Yuriy Vasilyevich Novosti Press Agency Kenya
correspondent
KURITSYN was one of five Soviets expelled from Kenya in March 1966.
He was declared PNG on 10 March and left that same day. (See KODAKOV,
above, for further details.)
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15. LAPUSHENKO, Nikolay Ivanovich Instructor, Ideological Ghana
Institute, Winneba
LAPUSHENKO was one of 20 Soviets ;expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
16. LEMZENKO, Kir Gavrilovich Member of trade mission Italy
Kir Gavrilovich LEMZENKO attempted to recruit an Italian non-
commissioned naval officer to obtain secret information on the Italian
Navy and on the General Headquarters of the Allied Forces in Southern
Europe, based in Naples. The Italian officer reported the recruitment
attempt to Italian security authorities who encouraged him to pretend
to cooperate with the Soviet. As a result the security forces were
able to catch LEMZENKO red-handed paying the non-commissioned officer
for photographs which he believed to contain secret information.
LEMZENKO was declared PNG on 3 November 1966 and given 48 hours to
leave the country.
17. MALININ, Aleksey Romanovich Assistant Commercial Counselor U.S.A.
MALININ was declared personna non grata on 31 October 1966 by the
U.S. Government on the heels of the arrest of a U.S. Air Force sergeant
for "conspiring to commit espionage" by delivering to the Soviet dip-
lomat "information relating to the national defense of the United States."
The sergeant worked as a communcations equipment repairman.
18. MAMURIN, Leonid Aleksandrovich Soveksportkhleb employee Thailand
MAMURIN was arrested by Thai police on 26 September for espionage.
Security officials stated they had abundant evidence that he was col-
lecting information about Thailand and he was charged with performing
actions detrimental to the state. He was later released to Soviet
custody and left the country very shortly thereafter.
19. MATYUSHIN, Anatoliy Nikolayevich TASS correspondent Ghana
MATYUSHIN was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
20. OBOLENTSEV, Fedor R. TASS correspondent Libya
OBOLENTSEV was quietly PNG'd from Libya on about 7 December 1966.
The story broke in the Italian press ("Il Giornale d'Italia") on
15-16 December. According to the Italian article OBOLENTSEV was a
secret agent, an expert in Arabic, and had attempted to corrupt, with
money and promises of support, the country's most influential officials
and personalities.
21. OBUKHOV, Aleksey Aleksandrovich Attache Thailand
OBUKHOV was declared PNG in Bangkok, Thailand on 28 September for
activities incompatible with his diplomatic status which affected the
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national security. His expulsion closely followed that of L.A.
MAMDRIN, Soveksporthleb employee, who was arrested for espionage on
26 September and expelled from the country.
22. ORLENKO, Vladimir Ivanovich Doorkeeper Ghana
ORLENKO was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March 1966.
(See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
23. OVECHKIN, Vladimir Yevgenyevich TASS engineer Ghana
OVECHKIN was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
24. PETRUK, Boris Georgiyevich Instructor, Ideological Ghana
Institute, Winneba
PETRUK was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March 1966.
(See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
25. POPOV, Nikolay Sergeyevich First Secretary Ghana
POPOV was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March 1966.
(See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
26. REVIN, Valentin Alekseyevich Third Secretary U.S.A.
On 1 September 1966 the U.S. Department of State declared Valentin
A. REVIN PNG for having attempted to buy secret information on the
United States space program, missiles, and aircraft. He had paid over
$5,000 to an American businessman who was secretly cooperating with the
FBI while pretending to engage in espionage for the Soviets. The
American had been cultivated by Soviet diplomats since 1961.
27. SHELENKOV, Albert A. Consular Officer Ghana
SHELENKOV was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
28. SHPAGIN, Mikhail Mikhaylovich Trade Mission Cologne West Germany
On 20 January 1966 the Federal Interior Ministry of West Germany
denounced a Soviet spy ring operating in that country. It was based
on a West Germany scientist who had been forced to work for the Soviets
in order to secure the release of his wife from East Germany. The
scientist reported the situation to his government and the Soviets
were observed in their clandestine contacts by West Germany security
officials. Four of_the.five Soviets denounced for their part in this
spy ring had already left the country when the announcement was made.
The fifth, SHPAGIN, was recalled by the Soviet Government at the
request of the West German government in January 1966.
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10 (Cont.)
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29. SHVETS, Vladimir Fedorovich Embassy Administrative Uruguay
Officer
SHVETS was one of four Soviets expelled from Uruguay on 4 October
1966. (See IVANOV, above, for further details.)
30. SILIN, Boris A.
Attache's driver Ghana
SILIN was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March 1966.
(See AERAMOV, above, for further details.)
31. SMIRNOV, Leonid Vasilyevich Third Secretary Tunisia
SMIRNOV was ordered expelled from Tunisia on 16 March 1966 in
retaliation for a similar measure taken against a Tunisian diplomat
in Moscow.
32. SOLYAKOV, Leonid Dmitriyevich TASS representative Kenya
SOLYAKOV was expelled from Kenya on 15 March 1966. (See KODAKOV,
above, for further details.)
33. TARASEITKO, Sergey Ivanovich Engineer, Office Ghana
of Economic Counselor
TARASENKO was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
34. YAKOVLEV, Aleksandr Ivanovich Sovexportfilm Kenya
representative
YAKOVLEV was expelled from Kenya on 15 March 1966. (See KODAKOV,
above, for further details.)
35. YANGAYKIN, Sergey Alekseyevich Cultural Attache Uruguay
YANGAYKIN was one of four Soviets expelled from Uruguay on 4 October
1966. (See IVANOV, above, for further details.)
36. YUKALOV, Yuriy Alekseyevich First Secretary Kenya
YUKALOV was expelled from Kenya on 10 March 1966. (See KODAKOV,
above, for further details.)
37. ZINKOVSKIY, Yevgeniy V. Sovexport representative Ghana
ZINKOVSKIY was one of 20 Soviets expelled from Ghana on 16 March
1966. (See ABRAMOV, above, for further details.)
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11 (Cont.)
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38. ZUDIN, Aleksey Aleksandrovich Embassy Press Officer Uruguay
ZUDIN vas one of four Soviets expelled from Uruguay on 4 October
1966. (See IVANOV, above, for further details.)
YUGOSLAVIA
1. STRELEC, Ronald Third Secretary -- Cultural Affairs Argentina
Ronald STRELEC was declared PNG by the government of Argentina on
22 July 1966 for proselytizing among Yugoslavian emigres in Argentina
and for illegal distribution of propaganda.
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12