(SANITIZED)WORLD COMMUNIST AFFAIRS(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 48
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 3, 1967
• Content Type: PERRPT

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SEP
Iqnificant Dates
EASTERISK DENOTES ANNIVERSARIES. All otters are CURRENT EVENTS
I* Germany invades Poland; World War II begins. 1939.
3-8 17th Pugwash Conference on "Scientists and World Affairs," Ronneby, Sweden.
7-9 International Organization of Journalists. (Communist) Executive Committee
meeting, Ulan Bator.
8 Summit meeting of Organization of African Unity, Kinshasa, Congo.
II* Constituent Assembly election, South Vietnam. Despite Viet Cong threats,
80.8% of voters turn out. 1,966.
17* (Old Style: 4 Sept) Trotsky released from jail. Becomes head of Petrograd
Soviet, sets stage for "October Revolutiop." 1917, FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY.
17* Soviet Union invades Poland, proceeds to occupy eastern half of country. (See
under 23 Aug and I Sept above.) 1939.
25 (to I Oct) Fourth General Conference of BITE,J (Travel Bureau of World Federation
of Democratic Youth -- Communist) meets in Budapest in conjunction with FIYTO
(federation of non-communist commercial travel agencies).
World Federation of Trade Unions.(Communist) Executive Committee meeting,
Leningrad.
Scientists conference on European Security, Vienna, sponsored by World Federa-
tion of Scientific Workers (Communist).
Indonesia Communist attempt coup, defeated by army. Sukarno's power reduced.
1965.
.2*
Mohandas Gandhi born. (Assassi.nated 30 Jinuary 1948.) 1862.
4*
USSR launches first artificial earth sate~lite ("Sputnik").
1957. 10th Anniv.
10*
Wuchang Uprising begins revolution, leading to end of Chinese monarchy. Chi-
nese Nationalist holiday. 1911.
14*
Coup in Kremlin removes Khrushchev from power. Succeeded by Leonid Brezhnev
as CPSU First Secretary and Aleksei Kosygin as Premier. 1964.
15-25
Conference on Portuguese Colonies, South and South-West Africa, Zimbabwe, and
Rhodesia, Conakry, Guinea. Sponsored by the World Peace Council (Communist
front).
16*
Communist China explodes its first atomic device. 1964.
22*
Cuban missile crisis. Presence of Soviet offensive missile sites confirmed.
28 October USSR agrees to withdraw missiles. 1962.
23*
Hungarian uprising begins when secret police fire on orderly
strators. Spreads nation-wide against the Communist regime.
Soviet tanks November 4. 1956.
student demon-
Crushed by
26*
Chinese Communist "volunteers" enter Korean War.
26*
Republic of Vietnam proclaimed. 1955.
t' C P D C T ,~.
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3 t 6 K t I
RLD COMMUNIST AFFAIRS
23 May-19 June 1967 50X1-HUM
1. The outbreak of Israeli-Arab warfare finds all ruling CP leaders (except
the Rumanians) on the side of Nasser and Co.; nevertheless, it exposes further
cracks and conflicts in the Communist world, notably as:
a. The Chinese attempt to exploit the disappointment of the Arabs with the
Soviet failure to take effective action to support them, branding the Soviets
as "the number one accomplice" of the U.S. in "jointly plotting the Israeli
attack," "secretly flirting with I. while publicly condemning her"; the Soviet
clique is "the worst traitor to the Arab people," a "hangman" repressing their
struggles; a Soviet ship was the first to enter the reopened Gulf of Aqaba,
and the Soviets are trying to sabotage the Arab oil embargo by selling their
oil instead; etc. As the cease-fire urged by the Soviets (after the magnitude
of I. military superiority became apparent) is achieved, China calls on-the
Arabs to "plunge into redoubled, long-range, fierce struggle." And Peking
reports warm reception of and gratitude for its support among the Arabs, with
Arab papers republishing the above charges and calls.
b. The Soviets strike back in a lower, more defensive key, exposing Chinese
"fabrications," ridiculing Peking's repeated reference to the support of its
700 million people so far away (why didn't they use them in neighboring Indo-
nesia or Vietnam?), and accusing it of provocation and "objective" collusion
with the U.S. and Israel.
c. The Soviets rally a Moscow summit of the,European ruling parties (minus
Albania, of course) to sign a statement patterned on the Soviet example, --
but the Rumanians refuse to associate themselves with it because of its de-
nunciation of the Israelis as aggressors, -- though Tito does sign. The Ruman-
ians on the other hand, call for a fresh start at solving the problems on the
basis of existing realities and the necessity for peaceful coexistence of both
sides, -- while Radio Bucharest in Yiddish describes its new April treaty with
Israel for expansion of trade and cooperation! Rumania offers emergency wheat
shipments to the UAR -- as does ComChina, while some of the other Communist
states are reportedly joining the Soviets in emergency resupply of military
hardware.
d. In Asia, the Mongolian Party subscribes to the Moscow Summit statement
after it is published, while the N. Korean and N. Vietnamese parties are more
sharply critical of U.S. "instigation and support" of the Israeli aggression
thanMoscow. Cuba denounces as "capitulation" the UNSecurity Council cease-
fire resolution agreed to by the Soviets. Only the Albanians among the ruling
CPs join the Chinese in charging Soviet complicity with the U.S.
e. A number of CPs, especially in the West, are reportedly torn between Soviet
pressure for support and popular sympathy fdr Israel: the British CP reportedly
e r A 0 E T (wro r,,+. )
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5 L U K E I
suffers numerous resignations after it opts for the Soviet line,, while the
CPSUA avoids taking sides. The full story of such repercussions obviously 50X1-HUM
remains to be told.
2. Elsewhere, the Chinese further exacerbate their isolation in the ICM by
engaging in new "diplomatic" feuds involvin ersonnel and property, with the
Mongolians Bulgarians and East Germans 50X1-F50X1-H U M
and again scathingly attack the CPs of India and Japan 50X1-HUM
They also increase the intensity of their media attacks on the Soviet revi-
sionists (even apart from the Israeli-Arab conflict), -- and draw increased
Soviet response.
3. Ceausescu-led Rumanian visit to Hungary before the Israeli-Arab outbreak
produced the coolest communique yet seen in these EE bilateral UW
meeting without even any reference to a cordial atmosphere or fraternal 50X1-HUM
friendship, and a scheduled mid-June visit of the same Rumanians to Yugoslavia
is indefinitely postponed after the Moscow summit And the E. Germans 50X1-H U M
still angry at the Rumanians for establishing dip omatic relations with Bonn,
front-page, after the Moscow summit the story of the new Israeli- 50X1-HUM
Rumanian treaty expanding trade and cooperation.
4. The Soviets keep up their pressure for a world CP meeting, calling for it
jointly in a communique with the Finnish CP
5. And the Albanians continue to broadcast messages purportedly from an
underground anti-Gomulka Polish CP, this time a communication to comrades in
the purported underground "Bolshevik CPSU"
6. Both Soviet and Chinese media publicize statements (too numerous to record)
by fronts under their respective wings and following their respective lines
on the Israeli-Arab conflict;those based in Peking also accuse the Soviet
revisionists of collusion with the U.S.
7. Chinese media heavily exploit a Peking seminar) (sponsored by 50X1-HUM
their captive Afro-Asian Writers' Bureau to commemorate Mao's "Yenan Talks,"
-- and frankly acknowledge that. it is "the first international meeting to pub-
licize Mao's thought." (Most "foreign" names mentioned are readily identifiable
as expatriates resident in Peking.)
8. As the first anniversary of the "outbreak" of the Cultural Revolution
passes, the continuing welter of confused reporting indicates almost no
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u L U R L I
"progress," with wi~d violent or passive resistance -- or plain anarchy.
The Army is ordered to assume full responsibility for cracking down 50X1 -H U M
on lawlessness and maintaining order, yet it seems to be strangely reluctant
or unable to act. Large-scale mobilization of urban personnel for field work
on the summer harvest is reported. Foreign observers, Communist as well as
non-Communist, attribute the almost hysterically xenophobic regime actions
described throughout our Chronology as designed to divert the people's atten-
tion from internal chaos and rally support under the banner of nationalism.
9. Peking tries to continue to keep the Hong Kong unrest stirred up, 50X1-HUM
repeatedly calling on the HK people to organize and prepare to overthrow 50X1-HUM
British rule, with the support of the 700 million Chinese: however a series
of strike efforts fail and the situation seems to be stabilizing.
10. Chinese media urge guerrilla " els war" ~ overthrow.the re imes in 50X1-HUM
India the Philippines and Thailand 50X1-HUM
11. In addition to their "diplomatic" feuding with Communist states
the Chinese escalate feuds with Indonesia and continuing) and India 50X1-HUM
tions -- if it were any country other than China.
12. The explosion of China's first hydrogen bomb draws much the same reaction
from the various Communist media as the earlier A-bomb explosions (a one- 50X1-HUM
sentence report citing NCNA for Soviet output). Warm congratulations from
Ho Chi Minh are worth noting.
13. Our Chronology details) (considerable evidence of
the Soviet regime's current difficulties in coping with a rising intellectual
ferment and demand for freedom by its writers, revealing the picture of bland
conformity at the 4th Congress of the Union of Soviet Writers conveyed by
media reporting was phony and misleading.
14. The first Communist attempt to explain the reasons for the disastrous
Arab defeat known to us comes in a June 13 Soviet Radio "Peace and Progress"
broadcast: it cites as the principal factor that the Arab armies were composed
of uneducated peasants. It also implies that the Arab soldiers may not have
been enamored of the "transformations taking place in their country." (Included
under Israeli-Arab round-up.)
15. PRAVDA again warns W. German that W. Berlin is not a part of it but is
"an independent political entity."
3
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17. ITALY: The Italian CP suffers a significant setback in an election polling
3 million votes, largely to the benefit of the left-Socialist splinter PSIUP.
while the ruling center-left coalition also gains slightly. 50X1-HUM
18. E-W GERMANY: W. German Chancellor Kiesinger, replying to a May 10 letter
from E. German Premier Stoph, proposes delegation of representatives for dis-
cussion of practical problems of the divided Germanies. 50X1-HUM
19. NORTH VIETNAM: HOC TAP's commemoration of Ho Chi Minh's birthday
seems to most observers to contain implicit criticism of Maoist deification 50X1-HUM
and activities outside the Party framework.
2C). INDONESIA: On the )47th anniversary of the I. CP (PKI), Radio Moscow to
I. admits that PKI leaders erred in the coup attempt but argues that the Party
cannot be held responsible for errors of individual leaders. Peking publi-
cizes a meeting of I. expatriates in Peking declaring that the PKI will lead
a "people's war" to conquer the country.
21. JAPAN: Further splitting of the Japanese left as a result of the JCP-
CCP conflict brings the formation of a new, rival "Japan-China Friendship
Buddhists Council."
22. GHANA: Accra expels two Soviet and two Czech representatives for "wanton
espionage" and other activities aimed at restoring Nkrumah to power, -- and
warns "others" of those two countries to cease and desist under an implied
threat of a break in relations. 50X1-HUM
23. BOLIVIA: Guerrilla activities cause growing concern, moving the Presi-
dent to declare a state of siege. The Army is holding Debray for trial (#14) 50X1 -HUM
despite an impressive French and international protest campaign -- including
a plea by De Gaulle for Castro's theoretician of guerrilla warfare.
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a L b n L I
24. VENEZUELA: The OAS has appointed a committee to prepare to hear Venezuelan
charges of Cuban intervention, while former president Betancourt warns that 50X1-HUM
V. and its neighbors should take combined action against Cuba if it does not
cease.
crr_0Gr
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A. The first anniversary of the outbreak of the "'Cultural Revolution" finds
Peking regime propaganda trying to cdnvey its message through "cultural"
matters (literature and art), and acknowledging that "at this stage of the
struggle to seize power, contradictions of various kinds remain complex."
Meanwhile, wall newspapers and posters describe chaotic, bloody clashes on
a growing scale throughout the country, seemingly confirmed by a 7-point
June 7 directive banning all forms of violence and illegal action and i~; ving
the PLA (army) full responsibility for maintaining order everywhere (a man-
date which seems to have made little difference as yet in the stance of
local PLA commanders).
Noteworthy items include:
(1) May 23 opens (with a Lin Piao-led mass rally) a new propaganda barrage
pegged to the 25th anniversary of Chairman Mao's brilliant work 'Talks at
the Yenan Forum of Literature and Art,"' and including repeated references
to "the forum on literary and art work in the armed forces in 1966 (Shanghai,
February 2-20)" which "Lin Piao entrusted to Chiang Ching (Mrne. Mao)," --
a Mao-edited and -approved `summary" of which is published on the 28th.
Also published for the first time are five of Mao's "militant documents on
literature and art," three 'letters" and two "instructions" over the period
1944-1964, all of which are distributed in pamphlet form beginning June-1.
(2) A June 1 joint RED FLAG/PEOPLE'S DAILY editorial commemorates the lst
anniversary of "the first M-L big-character poster to appear in China," --
"a great strategic measure ... a battle order issued directly to the entire
Party and to the people of the entire country." This editorial admits that
contradictions remain complex in the struggle to "force the enemy finally
to lay down their arms."
(3) The 7-.point June 7 `circular" cracking down on violence and giving the
PLA responsibility for maintaining order, first reported on that date by
Tokyo YOMIURI's Peking correspondent Seki, is signed by the CCP/CC, the
State Council, the CCP/CC Military Affairs Committee, and the CCP/CC Cul-
tural Revolution Group.
(4) On the day the circular appeared, a Peking poster by a visiting Yunnan
group describes an uprising in that province of 30,000 "under the influence
of a handful of power factionists within the Kunming Military Govt" who
on 28-29 May besieged 2,200 members of the "Kunming Maoist Artillery Corps,"
killing 266 and injuring about 1,000. This is only one of a series of
reports of similar nature by correspondents in Peking, and there is no
indication of a slackening in the turmoil following the issuance of the
directive to the PLA.
(WCA Chrono Cont.)
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(5) Meanwhile, NCNA on the 11th announces that more than 29 million copies
of THE SELECTED WORKS OF MAO TSE-TUNG;came off the press in China in the
first 5 mo':hs of 1967, a 20% increase over last year and "two and one-half
times the total number of copies published in the 15 years preceding the
GPCR. ""
(6) In contrast, PEOPLE'S DAILY on June 15 and 16 publishes "letters from
readers'' and editor's notes "in response to Chairman Mao's call": "Economy
must be practiced in making revolution." Advocated are "such 'small things'
as withdrawing broadcast vehicles, stopping the practice of sending presents,
and using clay paste instead of starch as glue."
B. Concern with the summer harvest is expressed in a PEOPLE'S DAILY edi-
torial of May 31 which calls it "an acute class struggle" and directs the
immediate mobilization of the "poor and lower-middle peasants, all working
people and revolutionary cadres" to work on it, -- and even more concretely
by an NCNA report on the 15th: "In the past few days nearly 200,000 Red
Guards, revolutionary teachers and students, commanders and fighters of the
PLA, and cadres in govt. organizations have gone from Peking to the surround-
ing ccuntryside to help bring in the wheat harvest, which promises to be
excellent."
C. Personalities at the top: Mao is reported meeting with pro-Chinese
Ceylonese Communist leader N. Sanmugathasan on June 6, shaking hands with
80 international seminar participants June 9, and appearing in public at
the Peking Opera on the 17th. Lin Piao gains even further prominence as he
heads for the first time a large public gathering in the absence of ilao,
the May 23 rally on the 25th anniversary of the Yenan talks, a performance
which he repeats on June 9: his name is also on a newly-published book to
be added to the Maoist classics, devoted to the 1966 forum which he "entrusted
to Chiang Ching'' (para. Al). Chou En--lai is less visible, but there is no
evidence that he's in trouble. Chen Yi continues to carry out his Foreign
Minister duties in the face of Red Guard attacks.
D. Internal failure hidden behind anti-foreign actions? Peking mobs demon-
strate against the personnel and installations of eight foreign countries,
four Communist and four non-Communist, including physical abuse and property
damage in a number of cases (see details in subsequent chronology). A
June 15 Tillman Durdin dispatch from Hong Kong to the NYTIMLS cites "politi-
cal observers here" as interpreting these "xenophobic demonstrations as
exercises in self-stiumulation and a substitute for achievement," used "to
divert national attention from somber internal conditions and to keep stu-
dents who are out of school and other revolutionary partisans in Peking
excited and busy." Communist media also take this line: see Mongolian
LINEN below, May 21--June 8.
Guerrilla insurgents cause growing concern
in Bolivia, moving President Barrientos to declare a state of siege June 7, 50X1-HUM
after a band of 40 to 50 inflicted casualties on a crack Army unit May 30.
Also on the 30th, the old-line CPs of Chile and Uruguay issue a joint
2 (WCA Chrono Cont.)
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declaration of support for the guerrillas. Meanwhile, the Army continues
to hold Castro's French friend Debray for trial, to the accompaniment of
French (and other) protests ranging from de Gaulle and the Papal Nuncio to
the FCP newspaper L'HUAMA,J ITE. 50X1-HUM
Highlights are:
-- A PEOPLE'S DAILY Commentator article on May 25, warning that the "debt
of blood, accumulated over more than a century, which British imperialism
owes the Chinese people" is "no small one" and "must be repaid."
--- PEOPLE'S DAILY editorial on June 3 calls on the HK people to organize and
prepare to overthrow British rule:
The evil activities and bloody persecution of our patriotic
compatriots in HK by British imperialism absolutely cannot be tolerated
by the 700 million Chinese people. Patriotic compatriots in HK and
Kowloon, continue to mobilize and organize, fight on courageously
against the wicked British imperialism, be ready at all times to respond
to the call of the great fatherland, and smash the reactionary rule
of British imperialismI"
May 17 (delayed): A Ho Chi Minh. birthday commemoration article in N. Vietna-
mese Party theoretical monthly HOC TAP is interpreted as implicitly criti-
cizing the Maoists as it warns against "deification" of a leader, compares
Ho's correct policies with the practices of "a certain leader" who "acts in
accordance with subjective views" while ignoring party councils. It empha-
tically warns against separating the wcrkers from ''the vanguard, the CP."
May 19 (delayed)and June 2: PEOPLES DAILY devotes a whole page to India:
"Revolutionary Rebellion Is the Only Way Out," beginning:
"India is in chaos... The root cause of all these miseries is the
reactionary rule of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic and
comprador capitalism, for which the Congress govt is the faithful
instrument. It is this govt which has hired itself out to U.S.
imperialism and Soviet revisionism.... The Indian people cannot build
a new life for themselves if they do not rise in rebellion, overthrow
the reactionary Congress rule and smash this man-eating social system....
At a time when the Indian people's struggle against Congress rule
is surging forward vigorously, the traitorous Dange gang has come out
chanting the charms of 'peaceful revolution.' ... It is benumbing the
fighting will of the Indian people....` PD returns to the same theme
on June 2.
May 21 (delayed): Radio Tirana broadcasts in Polish a purported summary of
an April 1 letter from an anonymous anti-revisionist Polish Communist to
3 (WCA Chrono Cont.)
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like-minded comrades in the `Bolshevik CPSU."
May 21-June 8 The May 21 melee at the Ulan Bator
railway station is inflamed to a major Mongolian-Chinese clas, with govern-
ment notes and media exchanging mutual recriminations of provocation, abuse,
and physical violence, and with anti-Mongolian demonstrations in Peking.
PEOPLE'S DAILY Commentator on the 27th carries the attack to extremes of
vituperation:
"Tsedenbal and his like are a handful of spineless sycophants
at the beck and call of their masters. They fawn on the Soviet revi-
sionist ruling clique, cringe before them in the most servile manner,
and sell out lock, stock and barrel the state sovereignty and national
interests of Mongolia...."
The last word on the subject to come to our attention is a June 8 article
by UNEN's Commentator:
"... Their vile attacks and filthy slander on socialist countries,
including the MPH, exposes the true face of the present Chinese leader-
ship, the face of great-power chauvinists and petty-bourgeois adven-
turists.... explained by a wish to conceal from the Chinese people
the bankruptcy of their adventurist policy, to distract the people
from the serious situation at home...." 50X1-HUM
May 22--27 The Soviet regime's diffi-
culties in coping with rising intellectual ferment and demand for freedom
by its writers are strikingly illustrated by developments of this period:
-- Published accounts of the 4th Congress of the Union of Soviet Writers
indicate that it generally continued in bland conformity with the Party
line as set forth in Demichev's opening message, with the single exception
of Cossack Sholokhov's free-wheeling diatribe. However, subsequent reports
state that the record was heavily edited to eliminate evidence of bitter
controversy, especially over the question of literary freedom and the harsh
treatment of Sinyavsky and Daniel. PRAVDA's text of the Sholokhov speech,
although strictly "Party-line" and repeatedly denouncing those within and
without who call for literary freedom: (a) deplores "the open desire of
our writers' leadership to conduct this Congress by avoiding sharp corners
at all cost"; (b) expresses concern that the average age of delegates is
near 60 and that ''abnormal mutual relations have developed with part of the
young writers"; and (c) regrets the pointed absence (in Italy) of senior
journalist Ilya Ehrenburg and implies that others have boycotted the Con-
gress. The Western press gives heavy play to the following passage:
"Recently. quite a few voices have been heard in the West militating
for 'creative freedom' for us, Soviet Writers. These self-invited
fans also include the CIA and some Messrs. Senators, inveterate White
Guarde, the turncoat Alliluyeva _, and the not unknown Kerensky, who
became a political corpse long ago. Look, into what amazing company
our zealots of freedom of the press are falling.
4 (WCA ChronoCbnt.)
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French novelist Lanoux makes the most direct reference to the Sinyavsky-
Daniel case (after Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Aragon boycotted the Congress
.on this issue) -- '"Recent steps taken in this country have rejoiced your
enemies and greatly disturbed your friends. Maybe it was a personal affair,
but you must realize that literature belongs to the whole world." -- but
Soviet media omit this in their reporting. The Congress and media also
ignore a written message of greeting by American playwright Lillian Hellman
who attended the opening session: it called for literary freedom and open
discussion of problems.
--- PRAVDA's report of the Sholokhov speech is the first Soviet media reference
to Svetlana's defection since the brief March 13 TASS note that she had
gone to India, but it triggers a series of subsequent attacks: (a) in an
across-the-board May 27 PRAVDA editorial denunciation of U.S. "anti-Soviet
provocations" ("... the Soviet citizen S. Alleluyeva, who was first taken
by CIA agents from India to Switzerland and then recently brought to the
U.S., is being used for the same unseemly purposes.'"); (b) May 31 KOMSO-
MOLSKAYA PRAVDA's reprint of French CP's attack in May 28 L'HUMANITE DIMANCHE,
with KP's own preface; and (c) three articles in June 7 LITERATURNAYA
GAZETA, one original, signed "Valentin 008," and reprints of one from the
French NOUVEAU CANDIDE and an Art Buchwald satire from NYPOST.
- A notable absentee from the 4th Congress was Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who
became famous overnight in 1962 with publication of his account of life in
a Stalin forced-labor camp: it was reported that he had addressed a message
to the Congress which was circulating unofficially among delegates. On
May 31, Paris daily LE MONDE publishes the text of this message (NYTIMES
has English translation June 5). In it, he denounces "the oppression, no
longer tolerable, that our literature has been enduring from censorship,"
reveals that he has been prevented from publishing the last 3 years, and
charges that the State Security Committee (KGB, the secret police) confis-
cated some of his writings and his files in 1965 and that this material is
now being used in a campaign to defame him. He lists 24 outstanding Russian
writers whose works have been barred in some way in the Soviet Union, many
of whom were persecuted and perished in prison camps, and reminds the Union
of its constitutional duty to protect and defend the rights of its members.
Westerb correspondents in Moscow in the next few days report a joint letter
to the Union signed by some 80 prominent Soviet writers endorsing the Sol-
zhenitsyn appeal and calling for a public discussion of the evils of literary
censorship.
--- Moscow's two most famous young "rebel" poets, Yevtushenko and Voznesensky,
figure prominently in the current turmoil. Y. was on a lone, free-wheeling
tour of Spain and Portugal before the Congress, and was last reported seen
in Lisbon May 16. TASS May 23 includes his name among several members who
returned from foreign travels" in time for the Congress, but he not sub-
sequently reported or seen attending: moreover, Reuters and UPI reporting
on the above item state that Y. had cabled his support of the Solzhenitsyn
appeal. V. did attend the Congress but reportedly signed the joint letter
supporting the appeal: at the close of our period he is forced to cancel
out of a June 21 engagement to read his poetry at NY's Lincoln Center Summer
Festival, cabling the New York sponsors: "can't come.''
(WCA Chrono Cont.)
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--- On the other side of the coin, the 75--year-old liberal writer PaustovsY.y,
who had. appealed for clemency for Sinyavsky and Daniel and was reportedly
among the signers of the above joint letter, is awarded the Order of Lenin
June 16. And Soviet youth monthly. Y appearing a few days after close
of the Congress, carries two calmly, defiant poems ("Don't breathe down my
neck") by leading liberal crusader`Tvardoysky, editor of NOVY MIR.
May 23: The 147th anniversary of the Indonesian CP (PKI) is commemorated
variously by Moscow, Peking and Hanoi. The latter, in a NHAN DAN May 23
article, lauds the PKI ("a main patriotic force in I.'), deplores the per-
secution and massacre of I. Communists by "the I. reactionary forces," and
"urges the I. authorities to set free" those still detained and "give up
their policy of terrorism and repression." Pekin r ives low-key publicity
highlighted by a May 28 account of a meeting of the Federation of I. Stu-
dents in China addressed by Supeno, "a member of the PKI/CC delegation in
the CPR," who declared that the PKI would"lead a people's war from country-
side against the cities until all I. is conquered." Radio Moscow to I. on
the 23rd admits that "a number of PKI leaders violated the political line
laid down by the Party program" but argues that the Party "cannot bear
responsibility if errors are committed by individual leaders."
May 23, 29, 30: Chinese media try to incite Communist- led revolution in
the Philippines. Radio Peking in Tagalog on the 23rd broadcasts a purported
"Statement by the Philippines CP" which "promises to launch a life-and-
death struggle'" against the American imperialists, their reactionary allies
within the country, and the Soviet-led modern revisionists. NCNA on the
29th reports that "'the P. People's Liberation Army led by the P. CP (PKP)
has recently stepped up the guerrilla warfare on Luzon Island and has scored
one victory after another." Next day Peking broadcasts a similar report in
Tagalog and a PEOPLE'S DAILY commentary greets it as "heartening news." It
concludes that "the P. revolutionary people will certainly win final victory
after protracted arduous struggles if, armed with Mao Tse-tung's thought,
they fight a people's war, establish revolutionary base areas, and encircle
the cities from the countryside."
50X1-HUM
Mir 23 Most Communist states are deeply involved in or
intensely preoccupied with the Arab-Israeli struggle, which serves as a new
subject for Sino-Soviet recriminations. Highlights include:
-- A May 23 Soviet Govt statement which cites Israel's war-like moves,
with "the direct and indirect encouragement... from certain imperialist
circles which seek to bring back colonial oppression to Arab lands," and
asserts flatly that:
"Should anyone try to unleash aggression in the Near East he would
meet not only with the united strength of Arab countries but also with
strong opposition to aggression from the S.U. and all peace-loving
states...."
- A May 27 Chinese Govt statement denounces the US and USSR even more
harshly than Israel:
6 (WCA Chrono Cont.)
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""U.S.imperialism is at present hatching a big plot of aggression
against Syria, the UAR and other Arab states by making use of Israel..
The Soviet revisionist leading clique (SRLC) is the number one
accomplice of U.S. imperialism... Once again it is colluding with
U.S. and British imperialism, busily working to strike a political
deal with them and actively peddling its sinister ware of the 'Tash-
kent spirit' in a vain attempt to sabotage the just cause of the Arab
people.... The Arab people ... will surely recognize the SRLC in all
its ugliness as a betrayer of the interests of the Arab people and will
never be taken in by it....`
-?- NEW TIMES May 31 (after the UAR closes the Gulf of Aqaba) denounces, along
with "imperialist provocateurs who would like to aggravate the crisis,"
"the Chinese leaders, who call themselves 'sincere friends' of the Arab
nations, while at the same time urging them to 'fan the flames of struggle'
in the Near East."
-- PEOPLE'S DAILY June 2 strikes back at the NEW TINES article "virulently
attacking China," calling it "babbling nonsense."
-- On June 6, the day after the armed conflict began, the SovGovt issues a
fairly restrained statement condemning Israel for initiating aggression,
blaming no one else for complicity, declaring "its resolute support for the
govts and peoples" of the Arab states, demanding that Israel "stop immediately
and unconditionally its military actions" and "pull back its troops beyond
the truce line." In contrast, the Chinese Govt statement same day declares:
"The SRLC has connived at the aggression committed by Israel at the insti-
gation and with the support of U.S. imperialism, thus once again revealing
its ugly features as a betrayer of the Arab people." As for support, it
says:
"The Chinese Govt hereby solemnly declares: Armed with Mao Tse-
tung's thought, the 700 million Chinese people who are victoriously
carrying on the GPCR absolutely will not allow the U.S. imperialists
and their collaborators to ride roughshod and commit aggression every-
where. We firmly stand on the side of the Arab people and resolutely
support them in their just war against U.S.-Israeli aggression. Vic-
tory will surely belong to the heroic fighting Arab people!"
PEOPLE'S DAILY same day goes much further:
"U.S. imperialism and its lackey have unleashed a war of aggres-
sion.... British imperialism is also an accomplice.... The SRRC is
again playing the shameful role of number one accomplice.... A large
number of Soviet war vessels havesteamed into the eastern Mediterranean,
exchanging fraternal greetings with the warships of the U.S. 6th Fleet
on the high seas.... The SRC is bent on stamping out the flames of
the Arab people's just struggle in collusion with U.S. and British
imperialism. Its act of betrayal has added greatly to the aggressive
arrogance of Israel...."
7 (WCA Chrono Cont.)
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Indicative of the conflicting -pressures on many CPs with sizable Jewish
membership is the vacuous June 6 statement by CPUSA GenSecy Gus Hall, as
reported by TASS:
"Whatever one's views on the crisis in the Middle East may be,
there can be only one conclusion regarding the military struggle
which has erupted between Israel and the Arab states. It is a wrong
war. It is a war which benefits only the U.S. and British oil monopolies
and no one else...."
And AP London reports on June 18 that the British CP's endorsement of
Moscow's position "resulted in many resignations of Jewish members."
-- A June 9 Moscow summit of the chiefs of 7 European Communist countries
(Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Rumania, and
Yugoslavia) and the USSR produces a joint statement along the lines of the
June 6 Soviet statement --- which Rumania refuses to sign, -- although Tito
does,his first _~oint action with the Soviet Bloc since his split in 191+8.
Next day, the USSR, and Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia break relations with
Israel (allegedly because the latter ignored the UN Security Council call
for a cease-fire) followed by E. Germany, Poland, and Hungary on the 12th;
and Yugoslavia on the 13th: Rumania refrains from taking the step. The
premiers of these (except non-member E. Germany), including Rumania (and
Mongolia) follow Kosygin to N.Y. for the Soviet-initiated UN General Assembly
session beginning the 19th.
On June 11, as the shooting inthe Mideast had practically ended, PEOPLE'S
DAILY front-pages a call to-the Arabs to renew their fighting, citing Mao's
dictum: "fight, fail, fight again, fail again, fight again ... til. their
victory...." Again branding the Soviets as "a false and treacherous friend''
which had "Jointly plotted the frantic Israeli attack" with the U.S. as a
"`political maneuver to trap the Arab countries," PD declares that the Soviets
were ""secretly flirting with I. while publicly condemning it, stating that
"a Soviet vessel was the first ship to pass the Gulf of Aqaba" after I.
took command of the Tiran Straits.
'J The Soviet revisionist clique is a heinous %rindler specializing
in double-dealings, the worst traitor to the Arab people, in collusion
with U.S. and British imperialism, a hangman suppressing the Arab
people's struggle against aggression."
"Arab people, unite! Make sustained and redoubled efforts!
Plunge into long-term, fierce struggles! The 700 million Chinese
people are behind you. So are all the revolutionary people the world
over. Final victory will surely belong to the heroic Arab people!"
In a June 13 round--up of Arab "praise for China's genuine support and con-
demnation of Soviet betrayal," NCNNA says that the Iraqi papers AL-?JUMHUIYAH
and AL-MANAR republished this editorial.
8 (WCA Chrono Cont.)
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Beginning June 7, massive demonstrations of hundreds of thousands in
Peking denounce the Soviet revisionists as well as the imperialists. TASS
on the 13th reports a Soviet Foreign Ministry protest which demands that
the Chinese "take measures to insure conditions necessary for the normal
work and security of Soviet representatives in China."
-- IZVESTIYA begins a counters-attack in a Petrov article on June 12: Peking's
declarations about its readiness to send the entire Chinese population of
700 million as armed assistance to the Arabs are an utter absurdity not to
be taken seriously because of geographical, transport, or military consider-
ations. The calls from Peking are either a provocation of politicians or a
cry of despair from frightened-to-death petit-bourgeois who do not believe
in the final victory of the liberation movement. Radio "Peace and Progress'`
to Asia on the 14th again brands the reference to 700 million Chinese sup-
porters as "sheer nonsense" and asks: "if it were so simple to send 700
million people to the other end of the world, then why did Peking not send
them to Indonesia or Vietnam which are much nearer?" It goes on to brand
"the call to employ nuclear weapons in the Near East "as" nothing less than
a criminal venture."
-- An interesting Communist effort to explain the reasons for the Arab
defeat was made in a Radio "P & P" broadcast to in English Asia June 13:
"First of all, it is necessary to denounce as imperialist lies
and slander that claim that the reason for the defeat was the social
and economic transformations which were carried out in the progressive
Arab countries...:"
The Israeli forces represented a well-trained army of educated
men, equipped with modern weapons.... The Arab armies were also
equipped with modern weapons....
However, if we examine the ranks of the Arab armies, we shall see
that they are composed of peasants, most of them with faulty education,
not always able to make the best of modern weapons, not always under-
standing the significance of the social and economic transformations
taking place in their country. This was the big difference...."
Algerian dictator Boumedienne flies to Moscow for secret talks June 12-
13, and leaves without any word of pledges: however, his Foreign Minister
Bouteflika in Kuwait for an Arab FM conference is reported by Reuters as
stating on the 17th that the USSR had promised to compensate the Arab nations
for the munitions lost in the lightening war. UPI correspondent Callcott
moving to Athens from Cairo on the 17th reports new MIG fighters arriving
in the UAR by air from the 15th on, apparently confirming a Belgrade June 17
report by NYTIMES correspondent Eder from "informed but unofficial Yugoslav
sources and reliable Western diplomats" that the USSR "has flown approxi-
mately 100 MIG fighters to Egypt to replace aircraft destroyed in the recent
fighting." He-adds that "approximately 200 Soviet transport flights have
been counted landing at Egyptian airfields over the past 10 days or so."
Meanwhile, the Cairo authoritative newspaper AL AHRAM on the 11th reports
9 (WCA Chrono Cont.)
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that China has offered the UAR an er ;ency loan of $10 million in hard
currency conditions or repay ent schedule and has offered to pro-
vide 150,000 tons of wheat - about 10% of the UAR's annual import require-
ments --?-- also without conditions. A London ECONOMIST June 10 report lends
substance to the wheat story by stating that the Australian Wheat Board
revealed that China had diverted four shipments of newly purchased Australian
wheat to Egypt in recent months.
-- On June 5, the day the Israeli-Arab fighting broke out, Bucharest Radio
in Yiddish to North America describes increasing Rumanian-Israeli trade rela-
tions, especially the agreements concluded during April 9-16 talks. Rumanian
Party daily SCINTEIA June 13 commentary by "V. Iliescu" avoids placing
blame for the Near East fighting on either side and urges the necessity "to
proceed in everything from the existing realities created as a consequence
of the social and political evolution of the postwar world, and from the
need of coexistence and cooperation between the Arab states and the state
of Israel.... On the l 6th, Rumania announces its offer to the UAR of
immediate delivery of 50,000 tons of wheat, and 15,000 tons of corn, with
`'conditions of payment to be established later," plus unspecified food to
Syria.
-- A _Cuban Govt declaration made public June 7 denounces the UNSC cease-
fire resolution, adopted with Soviet support, as a "scandalous capitula-
tion." Public criticism of the Soviet course is reported by AP Cairo on
June 10, and AL AHRAM is mildly critical on the 12th: next day, however, it
charges "certain imperialist circles" with furthering "an intentional,
premeditated, anti-Soviet campaign." And Reuters reports from Warsaw on
the 19th that Gomulka attacked some Polish Jews who "applauded Israel's
victory and even organized drinking parties to celebrate it."
NCNA June 16, on the basis of press reports, accuses the Soviets of
"taking advent e of the oil embargoes carried out by the Arab countries
against U.S. and British imperialism to sell its own oil to West European
countries, thus sabotaging the Arab oil embargo and making profits in its
own egoistic interest." TASS June 19 distributes a statement by Soviet
Foreign Trade Minister Patolichev describing as "'sheer fabrication' the re-
ports in the Western press that the S.U. is trying to take the place of the
Arab countries in the oil market," the purpose of which is "to sow doubt in
Arab countries about the position of their sincere friend, the S.U." He
also asserts that the USSR sells no 'oil or oil products to Israel.
May 23 and continuing: In addition to the heavy new barrage on the theme of
betrayal of the Arabs, as described above, Chinese media attack the Soviet
revisionists heavily on other old and new subjects throughout the period:
collusion with the U.S. in many fields, with Japan, and with India; degenera-
tion toward capitalism; a new characterization of the CPSU leaders as "red
compradors" pursuing an "open door policy toward foreign monopoly capital,"
etc. They also produced their first attempt at "Kremlinology" -- the first
of the highlights which follow:
lb (WCA Chrono Cont.)
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-- NCNA May 29 notes that "A change in leadership has suddenly taken place
recently in the USSR State Security Com&ittee KGB), an important tool of
fascist dictatorship in the hands of the Soviet revisionist ruling clique
(SRRC)." See #14, May 19.) It adds that at the same time KRASNAYA ZVEZDA
carried an obituary on the unfortunate death, while executing "public duties,
of Major General V. Lukshin, a leading member of the KGB responsible for
armed forces security: moreover, it was "something quite abnormal" that
the obituary was not accompanied by a photo and was merely signed by "a
group of comrades." Also, on the same day, the celebration of the 45th
anniversary of the Young Pioneers (Communist youngsters) in the 50th Anniver-
sary year was not attended by a single_member of the hierarchy, though the
44th last year was attended by them al? 1. And on that same day "certain
unusual things happened" in downtown Moscow, including the passage of "more
than 20 trucks fully loaded with armynien, etc.
-?- NCNA May 28 accuses the U.S. imperialists and SRRC of collaborating to
"cook up a new round of anti-China hullabaloo in connection with an 'inter-
view' allegedly given by Premier Chou En-lai" which was a "sheer fabri-
cation" by Simon Malley. Although the Chinese Foreign Ministry Information
Department issued a statement on May 16 denouncing it as a fabrication,
Soviet, Hungarian, and Czech newspapers published the alleged "interview."
"As late as 24 May, the Soviet LITERATURNAYA GAZETA published it and coupled
it with an unscrupulous anti-China attack."
?- PEOPLE'S DAILY Commentator June 5:
"Of lath the U.S. imperialists and SRRC have been very act*
50X1-H U M
the question of Indian-Pakistan relations. They have produced s_____
sively a program for negotiations on the Kashmir issue, a suggestion
for I. and P. to establish 'Joint enterprises,' a proposal for 'arms
reduction by both countries, and so on. These multifarous proposals
are motivated by the same aim: to coax and coerce P. into abandoning
its independent foreign policy and allying itself with the I. reac-
tionaries against China. This is part of the U.S.-Soviet conspiracy to
build an anti-China ring of encirclement in Asia ....t.
May 23 Soviet media respond to the increased intens50X1v HUM
Chinese attacks, commenting frequently on: the "fierce struggles" going
on inside China; repression of minority nationalities; increasing austerity,
reduction in food production and wages; charges of outright lies; and the
continuing charges of collusion with the U.S. -- especially pegged to the
133rd regular "secret" meeting of Chinese-U.S. ambassadors in Warsavr on
June 14, after the Israelis had overrunning the Arabs. Noteworthy items
include a broadcast by Radio Moscow in Mandarin to China on June 5, less
than 2 weeks before the first Chinese hydrogen bomb explosion, discusses
the heavy cost to the Chinese people of Mao's needless program of nuclear
testing: in the huge economic burden, in the serious fallout risk to
Chinese children (and those of its neighbors), and in increasing isolation
of the Chinese "from the progressive people."
May 24--26: A Ceauscescu Maurer-led Rumanian CP delegation visits Hungary:
(WCA Chrono Cont.)
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the completely non-committal eommun q.e does not even mention a cordial or
fraternal atmosphere, to say nothin&iof any agreement.
May 25-June 34: New feuding breaks out between Chinese and Bulgarians in
Peking and Sofia:
-- Sofia May 30 reveals that the Bulgarian Foreign Ministry protested to the
Chinese Embassy the "unprecedented and arbitrary arrest of First Secy of
the Bulgarian Embassy Nikola Mulchanow in Peking on May 25 ... as well as
... the indecent attitude of the official Chinese authorities toward him,"
and "insisted that immunity and safety of Bulgarian diplomats be secured
according to international norms and that conditions for normal activities
of our Embassy be provided.... it
-- NCNA June 10 reports a Chinese FTC note to the Bulgarian Embassy of that
date "protesting strongly against the Bulgarian Govt for crudely wrecking
the Sino-Bulgarian agreement on the exchange of students and deliberately
aggravating relations ... by unreasonably declaring three Chinese students
in Bulgaria 'personnae non grata6 (on May 29)."
?t... What is more infuriating is that some members of your Politburo
and other responsible person of your Party, Govt, and Army have more than
once openly and viciously attacked Chairman Mao by name, the great leader
of the Chinese people and the red sun which shines in our hearts....
... We must tell you in all seriousness that the Bulgarian revisionist
ruling clique headed by Zhivkov has gone too far down the anti-China road.
If you insist on serving as an-anti-China clown of the Soviet revisionists
and being hostile to the 700 million ... you will surely come to no good
end. l"
-- NCNA on June 6 bitterly reports Bulgarian troop and police protection
of the U.S. Embassy against "Arab and AfritS?= students" demonstrating "against
the armed aggression...."
-- Sofia BTA June 13 reports violent, slanderous demonstrations by thou-
sands of Red Guards at the Bulgarian Embassy in Peking on the 11th and
12th: on the 14th it reports a Bulgarian FM "most energetic protest against
the vicious anti-Bulgarian campaign and organized provocations"' in Peking,
with a "demand that the CPR Govt take urgent measures" to stop the provo-
cations and insure safety.
May 27
highligi
Chinese-Indonesian feuding continues, with -HUM
-- I. Foreign Dept. note May 27 to C. Embassy charges CPR "neglected its
responsibilities," to provide protection and security for I. diplomatic
personnel and property, particularly in connection with the April 24+ expul-
sion of two I. diplomats and requests assurances of future 50X1-H U Mn?
(WCA Chrono Cont.)
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-- Tokyo KYODO May 30 reports a stat mn nt issued by the I. Embassy there
accusing NCNA of disseminating "slaciderous news about I. atrocities against
Chinese citizens" -- and going on to describe Chinese treatment of the above
I. diplomatic personnel.
-- NCNA reports three new Chinese Embassy protests to the I. Foreign Ministry
charging as many new cases of I. persecution of Chinese nationals: dated
May 27, June 5, and June 9, respectively.
- NCNA June 15 reports a June 13 Chinese Embassy note to the I. FPS' refuting
the (above) May 27 I. note, which "smeared the-C. Govt" and rejecting it
as '?a gross insult to the C. Goat and people."
The note concludes:
... You have not only failed to carry out your responsibility but
have instead stubbornly intensified your acts, pushing relations of
the two countries to the 'verge of a complete break. Before an abun-
dance of facts and irorclid proofs, this account must be settled."
Djakarta Radic ?Time 16 rcports Parliament's passage of a draft resolution
which, "among other th- :.~.;7;s, .i.rged the Govt to take p-,;< ',tive and firm steps
in its diplc::;-iatic rela.!.:tcns v1' h the CPR, and, neces s ,ray, to sever dip-
lomatic relations with he C..R. i? It adds that Premier IK'alik said that we
would sever diplomatic relations as a last resort and that the Govt would
try to force the CPR Govt to repatriate its citizens from I."
May 30: Tokyo ASAIII EVENING NEWS reports that "'repercussions are being
felt in Japanese Buddhist circles from the various problems created in the
Japan--China friendship movement by the confrontation between the CPS of
Japan and Chinaresulting in the formation of a new Chinese-aligned.
"Japan--China Friendship Buddhists Council" in opposition to the old JCP-
aligned council of the same name.
May 30, 31, June 1: Prague CTK reports from Peking May 31 that on the
previous day two East German Embassy officials were surrounded by Red Guards
and later taken to a police station "for reading public posters and leaflets"
and ''provoking the revolutionary masses." That evening the Chinese FM pro-
tests to the GDR Embassy against the conduct of the officials who "dis-
turbed revolutionary order.` East Berlin ADF June 1 reports a strong GDR
FM protest to the CPR Embassy against "a new violation of diplomatic
immunity and the hindering of normal diplomatic activity of the GDR diplo-
mats in Peking." It demands insurance that such incidents not be repeated.
(WCA Chrono Cont.)
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Hay 3l-June 5: Chinese media heavily exploit a Peking "seminar sponsored
by the Afro-Asian Writers' Bureau to_commemorate Chairman Mao's 'Talks at
the Yenan Forum ...' see China, above)." Kuo Mo-jo's closing address
acknowledges that it is "the first international meeting to publicize Mao
Tse--tung's thought." "Over 80 friends from 32 countries and regions" who
had participated are received June 9 by Mao, Lin, Chou, and the remainder
of the hierarchy in good standing. Most of the names mentioned can be
readily recognized as persons residing in Peking.
June 1: PEOPLE'S DAILY (according to NCNA) "hails the growth of the Thai
people's armed strums le in a commentary entitled: "Fire Is Raging Ever
More Fiercely. "
June 1, 2, 5: On June 1, Venezuela formally calls on the Organization of
American States to schedule a meeting of foreign ministers to deal with
the charges of Cuban intervention in her affairs and those of other nations.
(See #14, may 12, for Cuban Army landing attempt.) The OAS Council on the
5th appoints a 9--member committee to prepare for such a meeting. Meanwhile,
former V. President Betancourt in a June 1 V. telecast, foresees the time
when V. and other neighboring countries should take combined action against
Cuba unless Castro ceases his aggressive policy. And V. Interior Minister
Leandro announces that one of the 3 Cuban captives hanged himself in his
cell on the 2nd.
June 3: NCNA London reports: "Inspired and instigated by the British
official quarters and bourgeois propaganda machine, a handful of provocateurs
in the service of B. Imperialism this morning made trouble in front of the
office of the Chinese Charge d'Affaires here. They overreached themselves
in conducting another brazen provocation against the great Chinese people."
It adds that the Chinese "lodged a strong protest with the B. Foreign Office
against these shameless provocations."
W. Germ gem, replying to E. German Premier Stoph's
May 10 letter sends a letter offering to name a deputy 50X1-HUM
to discuss Dra cuical pro p r o b l e m s the divided Germanies with an equivalent
representative of the E. German regime. The E. Germans bridle at K's
avoidance of the use of their name for the E. German regime and Stoph's
official title, but indicate that they will give further consideration to
his proposal.
June 6: Reuters reports from Accra: "Ghana today expelled two Soviet
"journalists and two Czechs, a journalist and a diplomat, for what the Govt
described as activities aimed at bringing former President Nkrumah back to
power." The Govt statement said they had engaged in ''wanton acts of
espionage"? and warns '`other diplomats, representativesand citizens of these
two countries engaged in similar activities to stop or else the Govt would
be forced to review its relations with (them)...."
14+ (WCA Chrono Cont . )
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June 6???7: A visit of a top-level Finnish CP delegation to Moscow produces
a lengthy communique which includes a call for a new international. CP confer-
ence.
June 10: NCNA reports that on June 6 Arab and other foreign students demon-
strating before the U.S.I.S. reading room in Belgrade "were subjected to
savage repression by the armed police. of the renegade Tito clique.`' Arab
students are reported "seriously wounded" after they "hauled down the U.S.
flag and burned it.",
June 11: The Italian CP, suffers a significant setback as 3 million voters,
mostly in Sicily, go to the polls in Italy's last major election before the
national parliamentary vote next spring, as reported by WASHINGTON POST'S
Rome correspondent Wollemborg. Most Communist losses appear to benefit the
left-wing Socialist splinter, PSIUP, but the ruling center-left coalition
also manages slight gains.
June12: PRAVDA commentator Grigoryev, condemning recent W. German politi-
cal activity in W. Berlin (visit of President Luebke and plan to conduct
Bundestag sessions there in late June), warns: N. Berlin has never been,
is not, and will not be part of the Bonn state. It is an independent
political entity."
Same day E. German party daily NEUES DEUTSCHLAND front-pages a report
of the new Ri.m aniarr-Israeli "treaty on the expansion of mutual trade and on
the intensification of economic, technical, and scientific cooperation"
(see also Rumanian item under Near East fighting, above). '`The Rumanians
have reportedly been generous in allowing the Israelis to establish branch
offices in Rumania. Allegedly, Israel is the first country to open a trade
office in R. in which private I. firms will participate."
And Bucharest announces indefinite postponement of a scheduled mid-
June visit of a Ceausescu-led delegation to Yugoslavia.
June 12 A sharp Chinese-Indian "diplomatic" feud 50X1 _HUM
out:
June 12 Peking apprehends two Indian diplomats, with charges that on
J 1 they drove to the western suburbs of Peking "where, in brazen viola-
tion of China's laws and decrees known to all, they surreptitiously peered
at and took photographs of a prohibited military area in the vicinity."
The note strips R. of his diplomatic status and forbids him to leave China
"before Chinese judicial organs take sanctions against the crimes according
to law."
Indian External Affairs Ministry next day protests to C. Embassy, demands
no interference with diplomatic status, and requests withdrawal of charges
and apology. Peking, however, conducts a "public trial'' of R. (in absentia)
before "'more than 15,000 revolutionary people of various circles, army men,
and Red Guards." He is found guilty, stripped of diplomatic status, and
ordered expelled, together with his colleague.
15 (WCA Chrono Cont.)
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-- The two depart Peking on the 114th, Frith brutal maltreatment at the air--
port, as described by TAI\TYUG's veteran Peking correspondent Saranovic.
"Before some 20 foreign diplomats ana+ a group of foreign correspondents,
over 300 Red Guards maltreated the two Indians and kept them for an hour
before allowing them to enter the plane." They are badly beaten and tor-
tured by arm--twisting, and I. personnel who accompanied and tried to pro-
tect them are also beaten and had their autos covered with paint and
posters.
In New Delhi on the same day (14+), the I. Govt strips a C. Embassy first
secy of diplomatic status and forbids him to depart, with similar charges,
and a mob of 500 demonstrates before the C. Embassy.
Chinese FM on 15th protests the Indian "unjustifiable acts" as "serious
provocation."
---- In New Delhi on the 16th, several hundred I. students storm the C.
Embassy, climb the walls, and assault 8 C. officials while 200 I. police
stand aside. NCNA's lurid account quotes a 7'semi-conscious" comrade as
'shouting":
"Be resolute, fear no sacrifice. If I die, there are 300 rupees
in my truck: please takeit as my party-dues. 11
NCHA reports a second storming on the 17th.
--- In Peking, beginning with the 17th hundreds of Chinese besiege the I.
Embassy, cutting it off from outside contact.
-- An I. note on the 18th demands lifting of the siege in Peking under
threat of "appropriate counter-measures." As it continues, New Delhi on
the 19th announces the imposition of similar "sie e" restrictions on the
C. Embassy there.
June 16: PEOPLE'S DAILY commentary, "This Rebellion Is Excellent," con-
gratulates the M-L Japanese Communists who have rebelled against "the hand-
ful of revisionists" in control of the JCP, who "want no revolution them--
selvesy moreover, they forbid others to make a revolution. They practice
fascist rule within the Party, and they go so far as to collude with the
J. reactionaries....''
June 17: The Chinese explode their first hydrogen bomb. Reaction among
other parties is similar to that for the earlier A-bomb tests, ranging from
wild rejoicing in China to a factual, one-sentence TASS announcement citing
NCNA, though Tokyo KYODO on the 19th reports visiting Soviet Red Cross
President Miterev as saying that the explosion was not conducted in the
interests of peace. The N. Vietnamese are notably warm in praising it.
(WCA Chrono.)
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J L 4 11 L I .~ u u i y i w i
NORTH VIETNAM'S TREATMENT OF POWs
The 12 June repatriation of 39 North Vietnamese sick
and wounded prisoners by the South Vietnamese government provides an
opportunity to keep attention focused on Hanoi's refusal to permit the
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to inspect North Vietnam's
prison camps and its failure to repatriate sick and wounded U.S. pris-
oners. Although American POWs in North Vietnamese prisons probably
'total over 300, it is difficult to estimate with any precision because
Hanoi has refused to provide the ICRC with definitive lists of the pris-
oners and because the limited number of foreign journalists and others
permitted to "interview" U.S. fliers had no opportunity to visit the prison
camps but have talked with, or seen the POWs only under constant guard
in pre-selected rooms in Hanoi. The strictly controlled nature of the
so-called interviews and the sometimes eerie behavior of the U.S. air-
men has led even observers unfriendly to the U.S. to question the type
of treatment Hanoi is giving American prisoners and has raised the
specter of brainwashing -- at least in the broad sense that coercion
was used to obtain statements.
Despite Hanoi's claim that it treats the prisoners "humanely," it
continues to refuse offers by the ICRC and other neutral observers to
visit the prisoners. Hanoi has not even allowed the designation of a
Protecting Power for the prisoners -- a non-belligerent agreeable to all
belligerents to serve as a mediator in matters concerning prisoners.
Hanoi has not only failed to repatriate seriously sick and wounded POWs
but has declined to meet with the ICRC to discuss the matter. Most of
the POWs are not permitted to send or receive mail as required by the 50X1-HUM
Geneva Conventions.
4FP0FT
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THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. YEAR OF
THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION: The Year
IThe Kremlin's hopes for improving its image abroad and
enhancing the regime's prestige and leadership at home during the 50th
Anniversary Year have been deflated by lackluster pre-Anniversary events,
unexpected developments, accumulated unsolved problems, and political
uncertainty. The burden of the over-all adverse situation is such that,
at the least, this year's celebrations will probably be considerably
constrained.
Soviet Preparations and Objectives: On 1 July 1965 the Soviet regime
began a campaign to prepare for the celebration on 7 November 1967 of the
50th Anniversary of the October* Revolution. On 4 January 1967 the Central
Committee of the CPSU accelerated this campaign by widely publicizing an
8,500-word resolution on "Preparations for 50th Anniversary of Great
October Socialist Revolution." (See extensive excerpts attached). The
resolution, a poorly written piece, made extravagant claims of Soviet
achievements, omitted large portions of Soviet history in its survey,
and virtually ignored the existence of contemporary problems. As expected,
the resolution called for a series of events and a press campaign to build
up enthusiasm for the celebration, and exhorted Soviet citizens to express
their patriotism and to work hard to increase the'economic and military
might of the USSR.
Fulfillment of the program to date: A survey of the Soviet press shows
that the resolution has been obeyed: all media have chimed in to urge
greater effort, to preach tighter discipline and, implicit :y, to forget
the past and look ahead.
*Called the October Revolution because, according to the old Russian
calendar, 7 November 1917 fell on 25 October.
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A series of gatherings for Soviet and international groups have
taken place or are scheduled. On 28-31 March, for example, a "scientific"
conference on the international significance of the October :Revolution
was held in Moscow.
Other: Gatherings, past and future, include: On 1.7-19 April, a national
scientific-theoretical." conference in Leningrad to discuss "Great
October -- the triumph of Leninis theory of the socialist` revolution;"
on 22-27 May, in Moscow, The Fourth Soviet Writers Congress, the announced
concern of which was to be the 50th Anniversary of the October Revolu-
tion and "the role of Soviet literature in its pelebration",(see below);
in late July in Leningrad, an international - outh congress t e
the 50th Anniversary ear. 50X1-HUM
The effect of the pre-Anniversary meeting and of the press campaign
cannot be ascertained. It is noteworthy, however, that a1; two international
meetings, strong and possibly major emphasis was given to propaganda themes
attacking the Chinese Communists and calling for an international congress,
probably at the expense of the planned discussion of the October Revolu-
tion. Also noteworthy, though hardly unexpected, is the virtual absence
in the Soviet press of evidence that the Soviet, people are entering into
a genuinely joyful, festive spirit in observation of the 50th Anniversary
of CPSU rule.
Other events believed to have been scheduledin conjunction with the
Anniversary include space feats, such as the Venus shots and the test
flight of a new space ship. The latter feat, which ended in the tragic
death of Col. Komarov, is generally thought to have been the first
on the schedule of a series of manned space shots; the balance of the
-series has now, apparently been cancelled.
Unforeseen Developm ents: If the Kremlin is not,exud n; optimism and
fueling its Anniversary celebrations with cheerful bulletins, the explan-
ation may well be largely in the unusual events which ha`7e blackened the
'Soviet calendar so far in 1967.
First, the early March defection of Svetlana Alliluyeva (nee Stalin)
which, though played down in the Soviet press for more than two months,
when seriously finally shaken. surfaced gave ringing 24 April Apr eviil (coinciding nci that ding the re Mmewithgand adversely
affecting the conference of European. CP's at Karlovy Vary) the above-
noted space tragedy which took the life of Col.Komarov and led to volu-
minous rumor-mongering and :;peculation which wa;: not put to rest by
belated and unconvincing explanations in the Soviet press. Third, in
late May, the Writers Congress, which had been -postponed so often that
the Soviet leadership probably was reluctant to risk postponing it again,
appeared from Soviet press accounts to be an almost totally insipid
affair, but on the basis of incomplete reporting; of suppressed and behind-
the-scenes actions by liberals and moderates, actually turned out to be
2 50X1-HUM
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V LU O L I
an expression of deep disaffection by many Soviet writers. (See Chronology).
Fourth, the recent Mideast crisis, which delivered such a blow to Soviet
prestige that no amount of Soviet bluster and propaganda can conceal its
seriousness.
Prospects for the balance of the Anniversary ear:- The uninspiring
nature of the Central Committee resolution of January, the absence of
evidence that the objectives of the resolution are being carried out
effectively, and the effects of the above-cited unforeseen developments
combine to indicate that the Kremlin's hopes for a,'joyous Anniversary
celebration have been considerably dampened. To these reasons there may
be added an accumulation of gnawing unresolved problems and the reported
political divisions at the top levels of Soviet leadership.
The unresolved problems include the allocation of economic resources,
the relationship of the military to the political leadership, the direc-
tion and speed of economic change, and the ever-present question of how
to deal with Stalinism. (See summaries of these problems, attached).
The most obvious of these problems, that concerning economic allocations,
is seen in the failure to prepare and ratify the present five-year plan,
which covers the period started 1 January 1966. The 112-year delay now
almost equals the time by which the Fifth Five-Year Plan (1951-1955)
was delayed; it is interesting to note that that plan was interfered
with by the substantial demands placed on the Soviet economy by the
Korean War and by the uncertainties that war created.
The existence of significant political divisions among USSR leaders
has been suspected by Kremlinologists for some time. Recent reports by
Harry Schwartz of the NEW YORK TIMES (NYT 28 May) and AP Moscow corres-
pondent Henry Bradsher (WASHINGTON POST 12 June) have surface some of the
rampant speculation. Schwartz discerns three basic factions headed by:
Kosygin and Podgorny (liberal); Suslov and Shelepin (conservative-
reactionary); Brezhnev (alternating between the two extremes). These
factions are, according to Schwartz, engaged in disputes over a broad
range of policy issues which he discusses. Bradsher reports from Moscow
that observers believes the Soviet Union's collective leadership may be
shaken up early next year. He emphasizes the significance of economic
indecision. The Schwartz and Bradsher articles are attached.
The prospects, in summary, are that the Kremlin will have to over-
come some rather substantial obstacles or else, as now appears likely,
the 50th Anniversary celebration will be a constrained affair.
3
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0 L b K t I June 1967
COMMUNIST REACTION TO ARAB-ISRAELI CRISIS
.Bloc Countries
From the start of the Arab-Israeli crisis, bloc officials excepting
Rumanians,have supported the Soviets in condemning Israel as an aggres-
sor against her Arab neighbors. Rumania refused to sign the trumped up
declaration which Moscow had prepared for the quickly called summit in
Moscow on 9 June. The Rumanian government was reportedly offended at
being called to Moscow to sign an already.prepared declaration without
benefit of prior consultation. Reporting from various sources (summarized
below) indicates that public opinion in most of these bloc countries
strongly disagrees with the official government position.
Yugoslavia
Pres. Tito's strong support of the Arab cause has evoked the most
open disapproval of any foreign policy issue in several years. Many
Yugoslavs identify themselves with the Israelis whom they consider the
underdogs and express satisfaction with Israeli successes. There has
apparently been official disagreement over Tito's policy, but no evidence
that he will fail to get support for his endeavors even though the Fed-
eral Executive Council has met twice on the Mideast situation without
issuing a statement in support of his policy.
At a foreign affairs debate in the Sejm, several deputies spoke out
against breaking diplomatic relations with Israel. One deputy stated it
would be a shameful act for a country in which so many Jews had been
murdered. Newspapers, radio, and TV stations have reportedly been
swamped with angry telephone calls protesting the government's action
and "false" reporting. Jewish newspapermen came-under particularly
strong attack for their anti-Israeli articles.
On June 19, Party Chief Gomulka denounced those Poles who welcomed
the Israeli victory over the Arabs. He said: "We do not wish a fifth
column to be created in our country.... We cannot remain indifferent
towards people who, in face of a threat to world peace-hence also to the
security of Poland and the peaceful work of the Polish nation - express
their support for the aggressor and the disturbance of peace.... We
take the position that all Polish citizens should have one fatherland:
People's Poland.... Let those who feel that those words are addressed
to them draw the proper conclusions." The Associated Press reported
that the subsequently published official text omitted the fifth column
reference and added the comment that "The huge majority of Polish citizens
of Jewish nationality share the one fatherland position." This speech
was obviously aimed at Polish Jews and Gomulka's well-known anti-Semitic
feelings must leave Jews in the Polish Communist Party in a vulnerable
position.
O r" n r T
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SLI HLI
Czechoslovakia
The contrast between the official position and public attitudes
was highlighted by the unprecedented number of comments conveyed to
westerners during the crisis period. These included outspokenly pro-
Israeli comments by workers and middle level managers of various mining
communities, a virtually unanimous anti-regime attitude on the part of
students and faculty at Cha:^les University and the refusal of many stu-
dents to participate in demonstrations before the US and UK embassies.
Speeches of senior faculty members in a, recent :meeting at the Prague
Military Academy displayed a markedly pro-Israel attitude. President
Novotny's strident speech a-: Lidice on June 1.1 seems to have provoked
normally disenchanted Czechs to view even more skeptically their leaders'
pronouncements on foreign policy. Many people felt he debased the Li-
dice Anniversary and stated that his attacks on the US as an aggressor
in the Middle East were totally baseless.
Other reports indicate that Czech trade officials are displeased
with their governments position, being afraid exports of certain goods
to America and Canada will be affected as Jewish merchants are their
largest purchasers.
Rumani a
A Rumanian diplomat stated that the position. his country has taken
in the Arab-Israeli conflict has evoked great Soviet displeasure and the
Soviets have charged Rumania with breaching socialist solidarity. He
stated: "They just can't understand our right to take such a position
if we feel, as we do, that it is in our national interest".
Another Rumanian compared Israel's position to that of ]Finland in
the 1939-40 Winter War. He admitted that it was difficult to maintain
an impartial stand in the face of tremendous Soviet and Arab pressure.
He confided that the Rumanian position had been covertly praised by
several bloc officials. He maintained that the Soviet vote for a weak
UN resolution after its pugnacious attitude toward Israel made the USSR
an object of ridicule.
To judge from the apathetic demonstrations in front of the US and
UK embassies, Soviet citizens simply did not have their hearts in the
exercise. The apathy may be partly due to the fact that the Arabs have
never been popular in the Soviet Union. Many citizens are resentful of
the large amounts of aid invested in Arab countries and feel that the
money should be used at home.
There are also three million Jews in the USSR, many of whom are
sympathetic to the Israeli cause. An Israeli diplomat indicated that
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SL UKLI
his Embassy had received telephone calls from Soviet citizens, wishing
them well. A Jewish Soviet citizen indicated that thousands would volun-
teer to fight for Israel if they could.
Bloc Journalists
Several bloc journalists stationed in Western countries have indi-
cated they disagree with their countries' policies and are using various
pretexts to avoid filing stories on the Arab-Israeli conflict and the
discussions before the UN. Jewish bloc newsmen have indicated sensi-
tivity over having to write anti-Israeli articles and are afraid that
speeches such as Gomulka's will unleash a wave of anti-Semitism in
East European countries.
A Cuban diplomat in a Western country said his government was dis-
gusted with Soviet failure to support the Arabs. He stated that his
country realized that the Soviet Union would not help Cuba in any con-
frontation with the United States any more than it had helped the Arabs.
Western Europe
Italy
Luigi Longo's initial all-out support of the Soviet Arab position
brought severe criticism from such membeis as Umberto Terracini, a
Jewish member of the PCI Directorate who recently visited Israel and is
reported to have sent a letter to an Israeli paper which denounced the
Arab states. Some party "liberals" even accused the Soviets of inciting
the Arabs.
In Turin and Rome local Communist committees issued strong state-
ments of support for Israel. Longo is reported to have said that the
party position was very unpopular and had caused an enormous upsurge of
anti-Soviet feeling at all levels both because of the Sovet's black and
white approach to Israel and because many militants felt that the Soviets
let the Arabs down. Longo felt that the PCI had an obligation to the
CPSU to help prevent collapse of Soviet prestige in the Middle East.
The strong pro-Soviet statement by Party Secretary Waldek Rochet
has been very unpopular within the PCF and has almost ruptured its alli-
ance with the Left Federation. Leftist intellectuals such as Jean Paul
Sartre, Pablo Picasso, Piere Mendes-France and many others have signed
petitions giving total support to Israel. Guy Mollet castigated the
PCF position calling L'Humanite's editorial "preposterous" and rebutted
UAR arguments on which Soviet Union has publicly based its support for
Arabs.
(Cont.)
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Belgium
The two elements of the PCB have taken opposing stands on the Near
East crisis. The orthodox PCB INFORMATIONS contained a remarkably pro-
Israel line while the pro-Chinese Grippist(CF has gone beyond the Soviet
stand and even accused the Soviets of appeasement.
Austria
VOLKSSTIMME, official organ of the KPOe called for an immediate
ceasefire in tones of neutrality and compromise. One :report states that
seven Austrian Communists had signed a resolution on "Israel's right to
exist."
Spain
While party leadership seems to support the, Soviets, rank and file
seem to have different: reactions ranging from sympathy for Israel.to
antipathy towards Nasser, who is considered a fascist, and criticism of
the Soviets for letting the Arabs down.
Brazil Latin America
Many PCB intellectuals support Israel. At least two are known to
have signed a pro-Israel manifesto. The Arab-Israeli conflict is viewed
by some as being confrontation between US and USSR. Someee members feel
the USSR failed the Arabs i:a1their hour of crisis and the USSR has lost
prestige as a consequence.
Panama
A well-known leftist politican bitterly criticized the Soviets for
their poor performance and especially for inferior arms they shipped
to Mideast. The CP cautioned the politician, against taking such an
anti-Soviet line.
An official of the Socialist Party issued a statement condemning
Israel without consulting the PS leadership. This statement was pub-
lished by both Communist EL SIGLO and Socialist ULTIMA HORA. The state-
ment brought irate protests from PS members and was later amended. Pro-
Cuban Socialist leader Allende defended the Tni-Continental statement
and said it condemned 3srae_Li government for its pro-imperialist policies
but did not advocate annihilation of one state by another.
Colombia
It has been reported that the UAR offered a sum of money to the
Communist Youth group to conduct an anti-Israel campaign. Youth leaders
14.
Cnnt
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JLGKLI
appear divided over question, some in open sympathy with Israel.
Argentina
The PCA is highly concerned about the effect Soviet position will
have on Jewish members of the Party. It is afraid many will defect and
wealthy Jewish sympathizers will withdraw financial support. The PCA
has been trying to persuade members that the Soviets are supporting UAR
because it is anti-imperialist.
A bloc diplomat said that 3000 Argentines have volunteered for
service in Israel, including members and functionaries of the PCA. He
stated this could be explained by the fact that a number of top func-
tionaires are Jews who believe that Israel has a right to exist and that
development of the Israeli state has been supported by the entire pro-
gressive world.
Uruguay
The Anti-Israeli position taken by the party and the Soviets is
causing strong reaction. The party is afraid of losing a valuable
source of income from wealthy Jewish sympathizers. It hopes to counter-
act this by propagating the line that the US is interested in gaining
control over Arab oil supplies and Israeli war is part of US policy for
instigating "local wars".
Middle East
Egypt
The managing editor of AL AKHBAR stated that he would like to have
poisoned the leaders of "a big power which he believed was a friendly
state which would support us" as well as the leaders of Israel, the US,
and the UK. He chided USSR by name in a later editorial. Voice of the
Arabs broadcast warned listerners not to depend on the East or West.
AL AKHBAR moderated its tone later and LA ALHRAM of 13 June noted that
the USSR had extended "colonssal economic and military aid" to the Arabs
and that "reactionary circles" were trying to alienate the two.
Lebanon
The CP initially gave mild approval to role of USSR in war.
Reportedly Kamal Jumblatt, leader of the Progressive Socialist Party,
and front groups rebuked the Soviet Ambassador in Beirut for lack of
Soviet support. The pro-Chinese organization issued a pamphlet attack-
ing the USSR as a partner of Anglo-American imperialism.
Syria
The CP of Syria emphasized the large amount of Soviet support to
Arab countries. The ruling Ba'ath Party line seems to have varied. One
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newspaper queried why USSR had not stopped Anglo-American intervention
while another emphasized how the "socialist camp", especially the USSR,
stood by the Arabs "during the battle".
Iraq
The government controlled press and radio in Baghdad made little.
comment on the Soviets in the Arab-Israeli conflict. The CP of Iraq's
Voice of the Iraqi :People broadcasts, originating in East Germany,
initially paid scant attention to-the Soviets while a later broadcast
stressed the great amount of political, economic and military aid the
"socialist camp" has furnished the Arabs and noted that "imperialists,
Zionists, and reactionary agents" were maneuvering to weaken Arab-Soviet
friendship.
Israel
No CP statement has been noted since the outbreak of hostilities.
On 3 June Dr. Moshe Sneh, Pro-Soviet leader of one fact_Lor',. of Party,
issued a strong condemnation of Arabs, defended Israel's right to exist
as an independent nation, and said the people of Israel are determined
to fight for their country. The anti-Zionist element of the Party
stressed the "aggressive nature of Israeli policy" in contrast with the
Soviet "policy of peace."
South Asia
India
The CP India (right) praised the USSR as "the guarantor of the
sovereignty of peoples standing guard against the neo-colonialist offen-
sive of US imperialism." The CP (left) generally sympathized with the
Arabs, although it singled out the "Israeli working class" for its warm
sympathy.
Ceylon
The pro-Moscow wing of the CP in its newspaper FORWARD of 14 June
replayed a pre-crisis statement of the leader of the anti.-Zionist CP
Israel which called for a change in Israel's imer:i_alist orientation.
The newspaper feebly reported there were two Communist parties in Israel?
Pakistan
Newspapers have generally followed an anti-Soviet line on the Arab-
Israeli war. KOHISTAN (Rawalpindi.) accused the Soviets of collusion
with the US and the Karachi newspaper HURRIYAT indicted the Soviets
for betraying the Arabs. The PAKISTAN TIMES stated that "China has
replaced the Soviet Union as the advocate of just causes and friends of
victims of aggression."
__ (Cont.)
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Indonesia
Indonesian Communists feel that the Soviets suffered a defeat in the
Mideast and are pleased, yet they regret Nasser's loss as he was useful
to the progressive forces. They felt the war was engineered by the
imperialists and revisionists (Soviets) to remove world attention from
Vietnam.
Africa
Nigeria
The Socialist Workers and Farmers Party (SWFP -- the Nigerian CP)
Secretary General Otegbeye said on 14 June that he and most members of
his party were elated over the Israeli victory over the Arabs. He des-
cribed Nasser and other Arab leaders as "Fascists" who persecuted Commu-
nists and furthermore Nasser had always supported the reactionary Muslims
in the northern region of Nigeria. Another Central Committee member
stated that the Party would refrain from publicly criticizing Nasser as
all Communist activities in Nigeria are funded by the Soviet Union or
other bloc countries.
The CP of Sudan has been critical of the Soviet Union and the
socialist bloc. SCP Secretary General stated that the position of
Socialist countries cannot'. be explained by any "reasonable revolu-
tionary."
The SCP made the following decisions: (a) to contact. Soviets and other
socialist countries and demand decisive intervention to save Arab social-
ism, and (b) to work to direct the masses' anger against the USA and
the UK in order to divert their attention from their discontent with the
socialist countries until these countries rectify their stand.
7
20
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10 June 1967
ryuc le Kremlin mcnait It sa guise S a n s d o u t c chcrchcra-t-clle
11' 121i UE' US 'cIJ C7 ; cc no scrait quo par le simple fail le jcu diploinatiquc, gu'ii dCclo-r- m rintenant . it r?ci;agncr par lit
~1r do lour rcussiie, pour qu'3 defaut citait ct u,rrctait les crises colntued:plo-natic Ie terrain qu'cllc du
Ic desir de vengeance ne continue it i'entendait etqu'en fin de comptc ceder a 1'hctn?e dtr danger et a
~r de Ics liabitcr, 11 Ctarit toujours Iienefciaire tieseviter aux Etats arabcs d'avpir a
En dccidarnt do s'incliner devant Cette position do force oti l'Etat operations entreprises. tine telicpaYce Ics consequences do Ieur
l'ordre do cessez-Ic-feu du Conseil juif Be trouve aujourd'Iiui, it la analyse Cl.ait sans doute fondcceclrcc militalre,. Mais Ia dcrdricrc'
de sccuritC, le president Nasser a dolt pour tine, part aux mala- bisque 1'U.R.S.S. commandait uncrisc a coufirtne qua. fa direption
choisi finalement In vole de In dressscs to la diplomatic soviC_ camp socialiste monolithiguc. I7,'IICCOI1CetiVe actuelle cherehait moins
q quo nul no sachc cc tigue. Celle ci cut etc micux avisec'est bcaucoup plus contestable de-a maitriser les Cvencumcnts qu'a
bleu ales utiliser. Le moment n'cst-11
do faire comprendre aux tlirigeants'Pttis que In rebellion chinoise t
quo oo 'S eront les r?C:ictimns clime pas
~ pour pas arniCe et d'urtc opinion atttclTc- arabcs, avant In crisc, qua lc'ebranle 1'autoritC'des Busses dans'enu 1ellc, aujourd'hul, comIno
mo Kremlin no pourrait pas, on cars le mouvemcnt communist? irrter-cn 1IlCr2-1i1GB, do rcoxaminer Ba
t t1aQl- tttttr i propa- d'hostilitLis, Ieur porter Beconrs. national. Depuis aussi quo so pro-polltlquo, Min tic #'pcinptor aux
qu'avatt ent eetcnus title te props
gande abusive. Ello aurait du s'cmployer aupres clamant socialistes, voice marxls.moycns qu'elie Veut et peut mettre
garde
pour i'appliqucr ?
Egypte que des renious risquent do
so produire. Soudain rcconstitue
contre Israel alors que in victoire
paraissalt an vine, le front arabe
commence a donner, a I'hcure do
in dcfaitc, dos signes cvidcnts de
division. Le prestige personnel (Ili
Rais sort durement eprouvC de
1'affaire et aussi celui do M. Chou-
keiri, chef de l'Organisation do
5ration de la. Palestine, qui avait
-BDfi son heure de gloire arr?ivCc at
voynit deja deux millions do juifs
disparaitre do In terro qu'ils ont
fecondee.
contre be risque qu'il courrait en qui n'ont jamais pris I'habitude tic
bloquant le golfc d'Akaba. EIIe la discipline staliniennc. Le Krem-
aurait dti accepter do parley avcc fin les appuic sans pouvoir les
les Amcricnins avant Ic dcclcnchc_ contrOler vrahuctr't.
merit des hostilites pour essayer Des le debut do is crisc actuelle
de le prcvcnir?. Elle aurait du on pouvait dcceler? tine contradic-
encore adopter des Iundl le cessez- Lion fondamentalc entre 1'attitudc
le-feu sans conditions propose par .tics Sovietiqucs at celic du prosi-
les Etats-Unis all lieu do faciiitcr dent Nasser. Pour les dirigcants
]a progression des troupes juives arabcs, it faudra tot ou tard cc
dans le Sinai en refusant tin texte le plus tbt sera le mieux - effacer
auquel cite ailait so rallier qua- Israel do la carte. Mais, pour les
rante-huit heures plus tard. Russes, 1'existence do I'Etat juif
ir
Comme hier a Cuba M.R.S.S. a e petit titre remise en cause,
memo aujourd'hui on MCditerra si Ics gouvernants do Tel-
Aviv sont Ics R instruments de.
nee qu'c11 se refuse a tin
affr--
s
- Unitperasm >,.auactns
l'inilic II ft d'ill
Le desastre subi par Ics Arabes Cementdirect avec les WatUnis.
est encore soulignC reconnaitre quo Moscow avail
ti par ]c retard seC'est mi C u r la 'sagesse. II adressc des arises en garde a scs
qu'ils out mis it acceptor le cessez- scrait plus s s sage e encore quo fes rums an Prochc-Orient. Lois dune
le-feu. En s'y pliant tout de suite, deux grandes puissanees cherchent
its auralent party se ranger a tun tine bonne fois Ics moyens de (IC- visite an Egyptc, quatre moil
appal des Nations' titles, cc qui samorccr les situations plus on avant sa destitution, M. Khroucht-
n'avait rien d'humiliant. Aujour- moms explosives a propos desquel- eltcv tieclarait en substance
d'hui, 11 est evident ? Nous vous cnvcrr?ons les arnres
dune gn'il s'agit les titles risquent a tout moment dont vous avez besoin pour vous
quasi-capitulation. Le mot a de se trouver en conflit.
presentants aux Nations unies de
divers Etats progressistes du r tiers
monde o, pour qui cc jour. est celui
d'une profonde amertume. 11 est LE MONDE, FraXiLL
pew probable en eliot quo les Israe-' 8 June 1967
liens so h5tent d'Cvacuer Ics /717 7!7
fournies par M.R.S.S. no pourront
,jamais tre utiiisCcs .a des fins
d'agression. a
II n'entpeche quo 1'Union soviC-
tique s'est trouvice prise clans tin
cngrenage gui pouvait I'entrainer
.1usqu'au point do non-rctour.
r victoire pour obtenir unc re-' /'','~/'1f~ r , r-a r-7 M'ials alla.it-clle prcndre en favour
on do lours frontlcres ct tine; L~L'V l r L~ du president Nasser des risques
ru uL,i`J
antie imprescriptible do la que, jusqu'a. present, elie Sc refuse
irlibcana im Eilath. Le o la' Mardi, plusicur's gouvernements it prcndre en favour du conimu-
d'Etirope orientate denoncaicnt niste 110 Chi Minh?
auquel its puissant pretcndro,'c'est4 I'agression israClicnne s at exi- Le resultat oil tout cas est Blair.
it is reconnaissance par scs 'voi- gcaient Ic retrait Ile
f
r
s
o
ces en L I:gptins ct Ics 3ordaniens
csye sins de Ia realite d'un Etat qui, presence sur les -positions qu'cllcs ont proclamC quo lcs Amorica.ins
par trois fois, a l'hcure do vcritC, occupaient le 4 join. Les rcdae- at Ics I3ritanniqucs avaicnt born-
a fait la preuve do son existence, tcurs do cos textes no semblaient bardC leers. territoires. Dc la sorte.
at a eelle du droit pour scs navires pas ,prCvoir quo, quelques hcures its espcraient pout-titre embarquer
d'emprunter be canal do Suez. Iis plus tard, M. Fedorenko signerait I'U.It.S.S. clans Icur gales-c. Le
doivent savoir cependant quo s'ils un appel au' cessez-]e-feu qui Kremlin n'avait-il pas laisse an-
veulent parvenir a tine pair tilt- s'absticnt de condamner Israel, et tendre qu'll so tenait pret, on
cable sur lours frontiCres it Ieur do rCclamer. le retour an a state sccondc ligne, et quo son inter-
faut domincr Ieur victoire et men-'quo ante v. Unc fois encore W.R. vention scrait proportionnce :1 cello
trer quits sont capables de gene-, S.S. a 'place dans unc situation des puissanees impcrialistes ? I1
rositC. En cedant hier sur le pro- difficile scs antis, qui se bornaient. f a it t d'aiileurs i?cmarquer- que
Wine des refugiCs palestiniens, ils'pourtant a rcprendre it lourcompte 1'U.R.S.S. n'a janlais (lit quells
pouvaient paraitre ceder a la force scs declarations ?antcricures. Unc pourrait We sa participation.
at compromettr'e la securitC into- fois encore, elle a donne l'innpres- 11lais surtout, bisque les Etats
rieure de dour Etat. Aujourd'hui, sion d'abandonner ?in extremis it arabcs ont lance Icurs accusations,
s'ils se pretent a des concessions des protegCs qui croyaient, a tort, I'Union sovietiquc a montre qu'elle
sur:ce point, alors quo rien no les quo le souticn sovietiquc Ieur Ctait faisait davantagc credit aux dC-
y force, its ont line chance tie . acquis en toutes circonstances. ' mentis des Anglais. ct des Ameri-'
s'ouvrir cnfin be ccour do' voisins Les mythes ont in vie tiurc, cains qu'aux affirmations do scs
qu'ils ont asset humiliCs, quand Pendant des annces on a r?CpetC anris.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050001-3
1VEW. Tutu '1'li"lrO ivL';W SU141C 1'.l.F2E5
n -may 1967 17 Jurie -1967 .. .
'
s
Red Cross Pleads for P.O. W.
And Civilians in Vietnam War
TO EXECUTE C.I.'S
ana nos labeled captured;
o ?ded prisoners of war in a ;Informed sources said thatlAon-ers
est
e
me
ur
g
intended to persuade the .release had been prompted American aviators as "war
North Vietnam to ' reciprocate. by the' United States Govern-IcrMoreosl'
The,
The , North , Vietnamese pris- ~ment, which has become ; in Moreover, for the. Hanoi re-
beers, and a captive Vietcongloreasingly worried over reports gime to accept the principle of
Woman entertainer and her 2- anrl. tlhntAaro,,he no A....,-e.,.... ?eciproelty in releasing -nricnn-I
GENEVA, May 19-'The lead-
ers of the International Red
Cross appealed today to all
sides in the war in Vietnam to
assure "proper and humane
treatment"' of Prisoners and to
conclude a cease-fire to end the
civilian population's "intolera-
ble burden of human misery."
The appeal was made by the
presidents of the three central
bodies of the International Red
Cross as concern mounted in the
United States over the fate of
downed pilots and other Amer-'
leans held prisoner by Northi
Vietnam and the Vietcong.
In a seven-point statement,
the Red Cross officials 'lilso
urged the- warring par ties" to
'refrain from all deliberate at-
tacks upon innocent civilians in
Vietnam, whether by aerial or
ground weapons, or by torture
or wanton murder."
They asked that every effort
be made to avoid causing death
or injury to civilians during all
ground, air and naval opera-
tions.
Under international law, they
stressed, the right to choose the
means of injuring' the enemy Is
'not unlimited."
i The statement was issued by
.Samuel Gonard, president of the
all-Swiss International Com-
mittee of the Red Cross; Jose
Barroso-Chavez of Mexico, pres-
ident of the league to which 106
national Red Cross societies be-
long, and the Countess of Lime-
rick, a former president of the
British Red Cross who 'now
ove
se
s p er rc-
} Ropes, Ha 2101 Also I at noon at the bridge over the today would persuade the North lases, today's' .was not an-
Benhai. River; which separates Vietnamese Government to re- nounced in advance.
Will Free Sick the North and South Vietnam- lease se iously sick and wound- ,' he. release at the Benhai
ese sectors of the six-mile-wide ed American prisoners in ac- bridge followed what has be-
axld Wounded "demilitarized zone. cordance with Articles 109 and come a ritual over the years,
In Quinhon, Premier Nguyen 110 of the Geneva Convention, In a brief ceremony at Dongha,
Cao Ky released four. Vietcong which require direct repatria- the prisoners were offered the
g prisoners in a ceremony at tion in such cases, the sources option of remaining in South
Y JONATHAN RANDAL Binhdinh Province headquarters said, Vietnam. Three
Special to The New York Times ~ prisoners made
attended by Vietnamese gener- No Repatriation by North such a choice earlier at the
SAIGON, South Vietnam; June aIs, Eugene M. Locke, the Dep- Bienhod prisoner of.war camp;,
12 - South Vietnam. today re- gty'American Ambassador, aand North Vietnam has failed to 20 miles north of'Sai on,
leased 39, seriously cieir A?A -+I,- a.aF~t_---._ 2~Uatriate anv Amarl- -,4.- b'
aver North Vietnam avid pa- nam has consistently denied
? 1 ~~ rased through the streets oP that any of its troops were
d/^L~ Hanoi. fighting In the South.
if LT It was honed that the m
Unlike previous ri
n
etteville, N.C., were shot to
}tional security." i
y. o ? e y Ci ire A confessed member of the death Sept 24, 1965. ,~j
heads the nine-member Inter-
national Standing Commission
of the Red Cross.
The three officials said that,
during one of the periodic meet-
ings that they had just held
here, they had "viewed with
deep concern the mounting tide
of human suffering and loss of
life in the tragedy being en-.
acted in Vietnam."
They said It was the tradi-
tionally humanitarian role of
the Red Cross that led them,'
to solemnly call on all con-
cerned in the Vietnam fighting
in an effort to reduce the hu-
man suffering it was causing.
The three officials urged that
the distribution of medicines;
and other urgently needed re-
lief supplies be permitted un
impeded throughout Vietnam.,
At the same time, they asked
that representatives of the In-
ternational Committee of the
Red Cross be permitted to visit
"all parts of Vietnam" so that
out the hu=
ht carr
the
mi
y
g
y
manitarian function assigned tol
the traditionally neutral body)
by the Geneva Conventions. {
These international treatlesi
entrust the committee with the,
duty of checking the observance
of the rules they lay down on
the treatment of prisoners and
civilian war victims by belllg-j
NEW YORK TIMES
13 June 1967
I 'ox eases 394
Pledges to Kill P.O.W.'s if
S Three Terrorists Die
Vietcong, he is said to have
in the bombing of the National
Police .headquarters and the
Metropole Hotel in Saigon.
At the - same court proceed-
ings, two women were sentenced
to five years ' In prison on
charges of. having caused a
""breach of public- security."
-' - . They were Pham Thi Thieu, a
6 BAxaoN, South Vietnam, nurse accused of being a Viet-
June 16 (AP) --- The Hanoi Gong,liaison agent, and Nguyen
radio - said today the Vietcong Thi Nhao, described as a mem-
,bad warned that they would er of the 'Vietcong Liberated
execute some Ametlcan pri- Women's Association.
soners of war as ""our due re- However, two other guerrillas
-ply" if the South Vietnamese - Ise Minh Chau and Truong
Government put to death three'th Dania -- were sentenced
Vietcong agents in its custody. June 5 to death on' charges of
I The Vietcong did not say how treason, (illegal possession of
; navy American prisoners might and attempted murder.,
be killed. According to the weapons
United States State Department They. were accused of having
21 Americans were known to hurled grenades at policemen,
andY 128 others were listed as Listed as prisoners in Worth
bnissing and believed captured. Vietnam, are 158 servicemen
' The Vietcong warning, attrib- four marines, 70 air force men
uted to the guerrillas' high and 84 navy men. These are
command, was said to have been men who have written to their
dated June 12. The North Viet- families who have been reported
namese broadcast said the three captured by Hanoi or have been
Vietcong agents were sentenced seen by visitors, including jour
to death by a special military nalists.
tribunal in Saigon May 29. The statistics also list 300
and their Saigon stooges
,execute three Vietnamese pa-
men and four marines. These in-
elude men who were seen para-,
chuting over North Vietnam or;
who were spotted on the ground+
by fellow pilots. In some cases,
contact was made with the men
through radio signals. ?
Two years ago, the guerrillas
killed three American captives
in reprisal for the execution of
Vietcong terrorists by the South
Vietnamese.
A 25-year-old army sergeant,
Harold George Bennett of Per-
ryville, Ark., was killed June
25, 1965, after three terrorists
triots sentenced to death by a
special military tri-
in, Saigon' May 29, 1967,
so-called the bunal in liberation armed forces
would mete out due punishment
to a number of American ag-
in-
gressors captured by them,
a major," the Vietcong
eluding
s according to the Hanoi
aid,
radio.
one of ,the three sea-
Only
(fenced in the Saigon trial that'
.ended May 29 was condemned
.end
Ito die. He is 37-year-old But
!Van Chieu, who was convicted
of "high treason, ` unlawful
possession ' of war weapons and
destruction by explosives . with
c a.6 -A,Ully 114
a Vietnamese Army convoy, the
prisoners were released at the
bridge. Many of them rippedd
off their clothes as they crossed
the 300-yard steel span and
were put to death in Saigon.. '
Capt. Humbert Versace, 28,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050001-3
of Baltimore, and S. Sgt. Ken-
neth M. Roraback, 33, of, Fayy-
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050001-3
NEW YORK TIMER
9 May 1967
DISPLAY OF P.O.W.'S
PROTESTED BY U.S.
:Flagrant Violation by Hanoi;
of Geneva Rules Charged
The protest was handed tolThailand and apparently were]
tI-. International Committee ofrshot down during a heavy strike
tie Red Crod's In Geneva '- for by Thunderchief fighter-bomb-
transmission to the North',Viet leis on Thursday against targets
namese Government. !six miles cast of Hanoi.
In announcing it, the State, North Vietnam signed ?h' e
Department expressed concern Geneva convention, establish
over news reports, from Hanoi!ing International rules of con-
North Vietnam today against
its "flagrant violation" of the
Geneva convention on prisoners
uc.6 uubuta, MVL. WUW1- U11(1I i )WI5S G'1LJZe 1.9 U1J1A1'aCU w1W,
Special to The New York Times his face and head and seemed supervision of the Geneva con-
WASHINGTON, May 8-The to have a back injury. A sccJvention, over treatmept ' of
"f and pilot, Lieut. Col. Gordon A.mericart prisoners , of the
United States protested to
intimidation and against insults
and public curiosity."
The North Vietnamese ac-
tions, the State Department
said, are "especially disturbing;
in light of indications that one
or more of? the Americans were
wounded or unwell." .
Reports from Hanoi on Sat-
urday by Agence France-Pressc,
the French news, agency, said
that one of the pilots, identified
(demonstrate the success of
North Vietnam in shooting
down and capturing three
American pilots on one day.
But there was also concern
that the display might repre-
sent a new propaganda build-up
for "war trials" against cap-
tured American fliers.
The State Department has Ohl
two previous occasions 'lodged
formal protests through the In-
Hanoi. - as concern over Hanoi'ss mo J
Robert J. McCloskey, State tives in exposing the prison crs,~
Department spokesman, quotedto public display and hiimill.I
Article 113 "of the 199 conven-ation.
tion -Prisoners of war must at' Hanoi's action, It was said
all times be protected, particumay., have been nothing more
larl$ against acts of Violence orthan A triumphant. display',tu
injury but to have appeared
weak and to be suffering from
the effects of severe shock. The
third pilot, Lieut. James Rich-
957. But Mr. McClo,5ke!, In
Iaborating on the_formalstate-
rnient, said the North Vietnam-
ese "dQn't seem to give a damn"
about their responsibility to ad-
on display before newsmen a
the International Press Club in
were paraded through angry.
shouting crowds on the streets
of the North Vietnamese capi-
tal on Friday and then were put
here to it.
Behind the strong protest was
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/06/29: CIA-RDP78-03061A000400050001-3
NFE YORK TINES
1]. April 1967
~W`ester. Visitors Speak With Two, U.S. War
T.;
f ~.Ud /V A .[~7 !'1 ifs eY N d[-e -T
1'.
I North. Vietnamese military
authorities have permitted two
more United States prisoners of
and report that their treatment
at the hands of their captors
was "humane."
A French physician and an
American biochemist, both asso-
ciated with the Bertrand Russell
Peace Foundation and Interna-
,tional War Crimes Tribunal,
described in interviews their
meeting with the captured air-
men in Hanoi last month. The
tribunal has no official .stand-
,Ing and is supported by per-.
csistent critics of United States
policy in Vietnam.
Though both prisoners, were
said to be in reasonably good
health and lucid in conversation,
the, visitors reported, they per-
formed the same strange ges-
ture---a low and deliberate bow
of greeting-that has led the
United States, Government to
charge the North. Vietnamese
with brainwashing.
This charge was made by the
State Department on April, 3
after the magazine Life
had published a picture of one
prisoner, Lieut. Cmdr. Richard
A. Stratton, In an act of bow-
ing. The Life photographer 'Lee
Lockwood, said he had found it
"thoroughly distasteful."
'Disagreeable Moment"+.
Jean-Michell Krivine, a sur-
geon on the staff of a pu}lic
hospital in Paris, called the ap-
pearance and deep bow of the
American prisoners -'the most
disagreeable moment" of his
trip to North Vietnam.
One prisoner, Identified as
Maj. Jack Williamson Bomar of
San Antonio, Texas, was said
to have performed this gesture
greeting even though he.was
standing with crutches. He said
his ankle had been injured when
he \pa'rachuted out of his air
craft. He was captured on Feb.
4, 1967.
Dr. Krivine said Major Bomar
"looked puzzled" when one of
the Western visitors held out
his hand.
"For a second he did not seem
to know how, to respond," Dr.
Krivine said.
Only. when the visitor, Pro-
fessor John B. Neilands of the
University, of California at
'Berkeley, explained that he
[simply wanted to shake hands
did Major Bomar extend his
own hand in return.'
tr.; Interviewed by telephone, ,Dr.
Neilands said "I didn't see any
evidence of brainwashing," but
he added, "It's a relative tom
--it all depends on what you
mean ,by it."
Dr. Neilands, who is 45 years
old, has been on the biochem-
istry faculty of Berkeley for
the last 15 years.
Meeting on March 16
The meeting with the t*o
prisoners took pplace on March
16 in Hanoi. Beside Dr. Kri-
vine and Dr. Neilands was a
third visitor, Maurice Cornil, a
Belgian lawyer. Mr. Cornil is
directing a ? team of jurists in-
vestigating the war In Viet-
nam. He is not associated with
the war crimes tribunal, head-
ed by the British philosopher,
Lord Ru sell.
This tribunal Intends to con-
vene a `"trial" of President
Johnson for war crimes in
Paris later this month.
Though Major 'Bomar did
prisoner asked that
not be given. This
his nam
statements critical of the John-
son Administration, and then
as having said, "I don't want
my name published, I don't
want to go from a Vietnam-
ese jail into an American one."
Major Bomar refrained from
political criticism during the
two-hour conversation, accord-
ing to the two visitors, and
was quoted as having said at
have interpreted a ituniber of
indications as evidence that the
prisoners are being subjected
to brainwashing. Most spectacu-
lar, officials saidi is the strangq
bowing by the American offi-'
cers. when greeting visitors.
"This is hardly a greeting
they teach you at West Point,"
said one American analyst.
Mr. Lockwood, the photogra
plier, reported that the prisoners
he had seen, -Commander Strat-
ton, had bowed in response, to
sharm commands from a North
Vietnamese officer at his side.
Dr. Neilands said neither of
the two prisoners he had seen
appeared to consult his Viet-
namese guard before speakifig
or bowing. One, however, looked
questioningly at the guard, be-
fore accepting a cigarette from
Dr. Krivine.
More than 20. American pris-
oners have been named by the
North Vietnamese with propa-
ganda statements or "confes-
sions" attributed to them. Ja-
panese television cameramen
were allowed to photograph
one prisoner, Condr. Jeremiah
A. Denton, Jr.j in May, 1966.
The American Broadcasting
Company reported earlier this
month, that lipreading special-
ists who had examined Japanese
films of another prisoner had
found that the words heard on
the sound track did not coincide
with the lip movements seen
on the screen.
"
o
"
c
nfessions
art
hundred missions and go' Most of the
home." He was Identified asphrased in the stilted language
having been attached to a of North Vietnamese propa-
United States reconnaissance
unit based in Thailand.
Dr. Neilands said Major Bo-
mar told the visitors he was
"amazed at the humane treat-
ganda statements, American
officials said.
American visitors to Hanoi,
before Dr. Neilands, including
Harrison E.. Salisbury, an as-
si
t
s
ant managing editor or Tne
ment he had received." Thel
professor said he had the im-!New York Times,. were unable
pression there was very little' to hold interviews with' any
contact among the American captured Americans. Mr. LockJ.
prisoners, but he said the two' wood was allowed to photo=
men he saw were "fairly hap- graph one to speak wbu but was not
py there, and the food was. No foreigners are known to him.
tolerable." have visited any, prisoners in
"The amount and range of their camps.' Dr. Neilands and
rcaelino mntariml avnil.hl. 4ni
them, though, was not very
wide," Dr. Neilands added..
There are now believed to be
more than 380 American prison-
ers of war in North Vietnam.
A precise figure cannot be given
because the Hanoi Government
has not provided the Red Cross'
with .definitive lists.;
4tate. Department officials]
Dr. Krivine were `said''to have
met the two prisoners in a villa
in Hanoi, to which the prison.
ers ? were brought 'from. their
camp outside the .capital,
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NEW YORK TINS
28 May 1967 F.-~t., ..
police was purged pithiest r 'and, Soviet concern abroad,., while; do- naole of 8r+emlln poWer.-"'
to. become Stalin's successor as `' ''against poverty. and from -the: ef- boss of the K.G.B.,,in. November,;
;dictator of Russia. He came close fort to. improve the donditions, and .' 1961. There ' is reason to believe'
A succeeding before Nikita Khru- ? status of American Negroes. . both men worked closely in-aiding,
Qahev and other of the ]lost-Stalin The Suslov-Shelepin group, on ,.the anti-l{hrushohov conspiracy, oft
ruling .clique tricked `Berta into a '3 'the contrary, believes that the 1964, and'(both meri initially werq:
t.rap and had'hinf killed.. threat of attack from the United among the, chief individual b;u1e-.!
Soviet citizens from the lowest , ards, and avoid as far as possible;; the substitution of M. Andopov for,,
ranks up to and including all mem- ;l'! dangerous foreign entanglements ` Mr. Semichastny as boss of the',
bers of, the Politburo ' who worked, that would threaten internal needs,,, secret police looks like a gain for'
directly under Stalin. These Soviet isolationists are per-,: the Brezhnev faction and a loss'
It was precisely because the ? laps the most comparable with ' for the Suslov-Shelepin group. Mr.S
secret police was so powerful that Americans who oppose the Viet- . Semichastny has been for many;
.its chief in 1953, the.late Lavrenti t nam war because It diverts atten years a close subordinate of Mr.''
P. Berla, thought he could' use it A ion and resources from the war Shelepin,, whom he succeeded as
`Vladimir' V. Semlcnastny as enter.. ~....,a? Y'c"'EiG Cnlec IUU1IThL1l:u .+.u.ac.a n+???,
of the State Security Cbmmittee .,' able new personnel. It is this more,.. Sumer interests two years ago
(better known by the initials of its powerful agency that Mr. Andro when he announced the most ex-1
p'Russian'?name as the K.G.B. ) is pov has taken over. What thi3"' tensive program in Soviet history'
} primarily, the result of recent in- may mean must be studied against..` for raising production of food and.,
' telligence blunders. At most such. the 'background of the broader consumer goods. .On the other,4
recent K.G.B. setbacks as the es- factional struggle. hand, Mr,' Brezhnev has also made
cape of Svetlana ,Alliluyeva may, . Different Views.' plain his backing for at least a'.
have provided an excuse for the artist major rehabilitation of Sta.'
Three basic factions can be dis- . p
(change; but the basic reason is the, cin the present Soviet lead- tin. Most of all, however, Mr.'s
ceaseless struggle for advantage corned orne The most liberal is headed ' Brezhnev, as party. -boss, has been *l
.among' the :. Kremlin leaders and ership.
; by Premier Aleksei N. Kosygin and ? concerned with... trying to revital-r,
President Nlkolai V. Podgorny. ize Communist, party control of
factions.
; . At the height of Its power under 1i The most conservative-the term all areas of Soviet life,
i;;Stalin a decade and a half ago, the Stalinists sometimes use-is the.i Actual Soviet policies since ? the,
hSoviet secret 'police was the major, group headed by Mikhail A. Sus- purge of 'Nikita' Khrushchev two,
Instrument by which Russia,was , lov and Alexander N. Shelepin. In' and a half years 'ago have .tended
ruled. It dominated and kept a: the middle and often holding the' to be compromises 'among these
ksharp eye on' the Communist.party, balance of power are Communist '.: factions. ' Typical has been the
ytthe Soviet'Army and every,,. other',. +,:?, party Secretary' General Leonid I.'; Soviet policy toward' Vietnam,
,-instrument of power in the coon- . Brezhnev and his supporters. ,' -where vast amounts of weapons l
try. It had spies everywhere, and',' ? Basically the Kosygin-Podgorny:` ' have been sent, but where a direct'
'its files 'contained' damaging ma--..,,, group believes' in, the primacy of...(' involvement of Soviet military
te'rial on millions of persons; The efforts to improve the Soviet personnel in the fighting has been,
secret police could and did curb economy, raise Soviet living stand-' ? ' -avoided. Against this background'
n
e
z
:analysts believes that the appoint- ?; come ac , rea y The Bre nev, ac on
ment of Communist party secre-'.";'ethat in recent years there has been ,` alternate between the ,two .,ex-'
the Moscow bueraucracy, has given ,
i?Kremlinologists around the `world counter-intelligence agency, one ations, first priority for heavy:
a shot in the arm. From Washing Whose domestic functioning was Industry, and tries against all dif-"
son'to Peking the effprt to analyze sharply watched In order to make 'ficultics to keep the door open for.
the meaning of the change and+its ' : sure it did not regain its old po\ healing the split with PekIt,
tilrnpact on the. future' of ? Soviet r.: sition. would like . much greatet efforts''
leadership is now in high gear. But the possibility remains that , to rehabilitate, Stalin's reputation,
Only the most myopic of the the secret police may make a and position in Soviet history.
ow it Is clear
nds to i
b k AI
h f ti t
r By 1cIARRY. SCI}RVARTZ reduced sharply In powers, per- mestically it wants, a retightening;
The recent shift in the leadership . sonnel and money. Instead of being of political discipline. and an end.
of the.Soviet's6cret police, 'perhaps . --the most powerful institution in , , to the slackness produded by the"
\the most sensitive single post in : " the Soviet Union, it was cut back Khrushchev era. This group de
I? a normal intelligence and :'mands higher military appropri
pw' rest fcr. Me Kremlinoio' sts
WASHINGTON POST ions programs as indicating ley, based on supporting the
12 JUNE 1967 disputes among the Soviet Arab states, was given a
hierarchy similar to those rude setback by last week's
that culminated in the oust- Israeli victories. Finally,
Kremlin's Problems' or of Premier Khrushchev
there MOSCOW-Observers be- disagreement over
lieve the Soviet Union's col- two and a half years abo? channeling resources to
A five-year economic plan heavy industry, agriculture,
restive leadership may be that should have begun Jan. consumer goods, the space
shaken up early next year. 1, 1966, still has not been program and the military.
Henry Bradsher of the As- written, efforts to improve
sociated Press reported ob- relations with Communist
servers point to indecision China after Khrushchev's
on how governmen't funds
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JAVu i x e.) , .1 ,o
Party Resolution 50th Aiivrsry of Soviet Lth
OCTOBER SOCIALIST REVOLUTION.- Jan. 4, 1967, Resolu-
tion of C.P:S.U. Central Committee. (Pravda and Izvestia,
Jan. 8, pp. 1-2. 8,500 words. Condensed text:) Nov? 7, 1967,
will be the 50th anniversary of the victory of the Great Octo-
ber Socialist Revolution....
The October Revolution opened the way to solving the funda-
mental problems posed by the entire course of the previous
development of world history: the future of society, the nature
of social progress, war and peace and the fate of world civi-
lization.
The victory of October confirmed the Leninist theory of
socialist revolution. The test of history has been withstood
.by the Marxist-Leninist teachings on:
the inevitibility of the fall of capitalism and the affirmation
of socialism;
the vanguard role of the working class, guided by the Com-
munist Party, in revolution and the building of a new society;
the dictatorship of the proletariat and its role in the strug-.
gle for the triumph of socialism;
the Soviets as the form of the dictatorship of the proletariat
and as organs of genuine popular rule of socialist democracy;
the alliance of the working class with the peasantry and
other strata of the working people, under the leadership of the
working class, as the decisive force in the struggle for social
liberation;
the industrialization of the country and the socialist trang-
formation of agriculture;
the ways of deciding the national question;
raising the living standard of the working people and effect-
ing a cultural revolution....
During the days of October and the years of the Civil-War-
and the fcreign intervention, the high revolutionary spirit and
heroism of the working class and the toiling peasantry mani-
ef- sted itself with particular force. The ovie`f re`pabTic,`li
an island, was surrounded by an ocean of hostile forces, and
its enemies prophesied its inexorable and early death. They
all did everything they could to strangle and destroy the young
Soviet republic. Enormous effort was required to break the
ring of fire of the White Guards and interventionists, to over-
come the economic blockade, famine and economic devastation.
Under the leadership of the Communist Party, workers and
peasants and the Red Army defended the gains of the revolu-
,,okion and routed the enemies. The country set about economic
construction.
The mass heroism of the working people in the years of the
restoration of the national economy and the first five-year
;plans is one of the unforgettable pages in the history of our
society. The Soviet people spared neither efforts nor means,
consciously chose deprivation and labored stubbornly, display-
ing models of. courage in the name of overcoming the country's
backwardness and turning it into a powerful socialist state.
The feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War
against the fascist invaders is immortal. This war was long
and bloody, and the vac ims it c a me-d innumerable. But the
Soviet social and state system, created by the October Revo-
lution, withstood the cruelest trials....
The strength of the socialist system clearly manifested it-
self in the postwar years as well. Cities and vvrages were
raisedTrom ashes and ruins in a very short time. The econ-
omy, destroyed by the war, was completely restored, new
successes in the development of economics, science and cul-
ture were achieved and the country entered the period of full-
scale communist construction....
Our people will always hold sacred the memory of the rev
olutionary fighters and Leninist Bolsheviks who perished in
Tsarist prisons and in exile, the memory of the national he-
roes of the Socialist Revolution and the Civil War. Our lafrd
was soaked with the blood of millions of the best sons and
daughters of the people, who perished at the hands of White
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Guards, interventionists and fascist invaders. The glory of the
sons and daughters of the people who defended it, freedom and
independence of our homeland will not fade. The courageous
builders of new plants and.collective and state farms under the
first five-year plans will never be forgotten. ' The deeds of , .
those who through their labor multiplied the material and spir-
itual wealth of Soviet society will live forever.
The path of our people is great. Their exploit is great. They
will be an eternal example for future genera ions, for ail w o
fiave chosen--the roams of freedom.
`TFie e~T 5anner oT-socia sm as been flying triumphantly
over our land for half a century. For. half a century the Soviet
people have been realizing the ideas of Marx, Engels,. and
Lenin. They have done much, achieved much. The complete
and final triumph of socialism in the U.S.S.R. and the transition
to the building of communism are the most important results
of the h e revolutionary reforms in our country.
ty ears-ob~oOctoer means the cu rea_tion of large socialist
industry with a steady rate of development, supplied with the
newest-lechnology and capable of solving the most complicated
scientific and technical problems and national-economic tasks....
Fifty years of October means implementation of the Leninist
plan o organize the countryside into cooperatives, the creation
of large-scale socialist agricultural production. As a result of
the triumph of the collective farm system, a social revolution
has occurred in the tenor of rural life....
Fifty years of October means a rise in the living standard of
the people.. The rights to labor an recreation, to free educa-
tion, medical services and pension security have become natu-
ral and normal for the Soviet people....
Fifty years of October means the carrying out of a cultural
revolution. Socialism has brought the Soviet people education
and enlightenment, it has elevated and enriched the spiritual
life of the society immeasurably....
Fifty years of October means a growing social, political and
ideological unity of the people. On the basis of a community of
vital interests among the the working people, the alliance between
the working class and the peasantry, which formed and grew
strong in the common struggle to build socialism and commu-
ism, has become firmer....
The experience of the development of the U.S.S.R.-a unified
socialist multinational state-discloses the essence of social-
ism and its importance in deciding the age-old national ques-
tion and represents a triumph for the ideas of proletarian in-
ternationalism in practice.
Fifty years of October means the birth of the man of the new
world, the new morality. The triumph of the October Revolu-
tion launched a vigorous struggle against the morals and prej-
udices of the private-property world, against its individualism,
egoism and selfishness. The years of socialist construction
fundamentally changed the nature of relations among people in
our country. The bourgeois ideologists' reckoning that social-
ism would not overcome the forces of inertia and the individ-
ualistic morals of the old world proved wrong. During the
years of Soviet rule a generation of people has grown up with a
highly developed political consciousness and a new attitude to-
ward labor, people reared in the spirit of collectivism and
comradeship, Soviet patriotism and proletarian international-
ism. The new nature of man as a revolutionary and fighter for
our great cause has been forged.
Our country gave birth to and established the democracy of
socialism-the most extensive, the most representative, the
most just. The rule of the Soviets, born of the Revolution-rule
y t6 he people and for the people-opened wide possibilities for
the participation of the working people in the administration of
state, production and public affairs. Socialist society raises
the civic dignity and honor of the person, places before people
the most noble goals and brings about all the conditions for the
conscientious creativity of the masses in the name of commu-
nist construction....
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The results of the October Revolution and the lessons of his-
tory are irrefutable evidence of the advantages of socialism
over capitalism. The development of the Soviet socialist so-
ciety and the results achieved by it are a practical demonstra-
tion that socialism is the social system that guarantees the
planned and efficient development of social production, growth
in national prosperity and culture, democracy and true free-
dom for the working people.
The experience of the building of socialism has shown what
a complex and creative matter the revolutionary reconstruc-
tion of society is, and what new problems, tasks and historical
changes it comes across in its development.
Soviet society was created, grew and became strong in bitter
class battles. In solving the highly complicated task of the
practical embodiment of the ideals of scientific socialism, our
people, guided by Lenin's party, took a new path, never before
traveled by anyone. In the struggle for Soviet rule, for the
victory of socialism, the working class and all working people
had to overcome many obstacles and barriers and to bear the
burden of incredible difficulties....
Along the 50-year path traveled, the Party and people have
known both the joy of great victories and the bitterness of
losses, temporary failures and mistakes. Our party emerged
from all trials even more tempered, stronger and with un-
shakeaMe revolutionary optimism and confidence fn the tri-
umph of the great communist cause.
Even now we have many unsolved problems. The Party
soberly evaluates the state of affairs, sees the urgent prob-
lems and takes all steps toward their solution....
Socialism is a constantly developing society, which in its
progressive development discloses ever newer reserves and
possibilities. These possibilities and advantages of socialism
are realized not by themselves, not automatically, but as a re-
sult of the conscientious labor of millions....
During the most difficult times-the years of struggle for
Soviet rule, the days when the working people experienced the
pain of the loss of Lenin, and during the period of the grave
trials of the Great Patriotic War-remarkable sons and daugh-
ters of our people entered Lenin's party in order to struggle
within its framework for the victory of the workers' cause.
Communists have always and everywhere taken on the heav-
te st share of struggle and construction. In the course of the
revolutionary struggle and socialist reforms, the Party
trained numerous cadres of workers in all branches of the
economy and culture. The Communist Party is of one flesh
with the working class, the toiling people, the creative people,
it constantly feels their unanimous support; the confidence of
the working people is dear to the Party, it has no other inter-
ests but those of the people.
The C.P.S.U. approaches the 50th anniversary of October
fully armed with its rich experience in the management of
communist construction and the country's foreign and domes-
tic policies. The Party defended its general line in a relent-
less struggle against Trotskyites, petty-bourgeois adventur-
ists, right-wing opportunists, national deviationists and other
anti-Leninist schools and groups.
Firmly and consistently guided by Marxist-Leninist princi-
pies and constantly developing and enriching the theoretical
heritage of Marx-Engels-Lenin, the C.P.S.U. is confidently
leading the Soviet people along the path of communist con-
struction and is successfully fulfilling its role of organizer
and political leader of the Soviet people.
The experience of the C.P.S.U. as the party of the Great
Socialist Revolution, as the guiding force of a socialist soci-
ety built in a country where formerly there had existed the
most diverse socio-economic structures-from patriarchal
'tribalism to capitalism-has enormous international signifi-
cance.
The Communist and workers' parties and peoples of fra-
ternal countries study carefully and make extensive use of the
experience of socialist and communist construction in the
Soviet Union in the creation of a new life. The valuaple ex-
perience of fraternal parties in the building of socialism is
widely used in our country. Mutual support and assistance
and the mutual exchange of experience have become a power-
ful factor in our successful movement forward along the path 2
The Soviet state has proclaimed and is putting into practice
new principles of relations between peoples and countries,
principles of equity, sovereignty and noninterference in inter-
nal affairs. The Soviet Union, beginning with Lenin's Decree
on Peace, is following a foreign policy that is in keeping with
the most vital aspirations of the peoples. This is the policy of
ensuring favorable conditions for the. building of socialism and
communism, of strengthening unity and solidarity among the
socialist countries, supporting in every way the struggle of
peoples for national and social liberation, consistently follow-
ing the principles of peaceful coexistence among states with
different social systems and struggling to deliver mankind
from a new world war....
The building of socialism and communism in the U.S.S.R. is
a most important component part of the world revolutionary
process. Socialism now influences world developments.pri-
marily through the positive force of its example. The might of
our state, its example, prestige and activeness in the interna-
tional arena, which have been placed in the service of the
Ideals of socialism, are taking on more and more significance
ing people of all countries.
The Great October Socialist Revolution has immense inter-
nati o sign' icance. It has accelerated the course iTi`stoor-
ical events in the world. The ideas of Marxism-Leninism and
October hae sprea over the entire earth, they have roused
peoples to the struggle against their oppressors, for freedom
and independence. The gains of the October Revolution have
been a mighty base for revolutionary reforms in all parts of
the world....
The October Revolution was the turning point in the develop-
ment o the national- I e afion movement. It demonstrated the
real possibility o complete plete na ions i eration for peoples, be-
gan the crisis of the colonial system and opened realistic pros-
pects for national-liberation revolutions. The smashing of
colonial empires, the entrance of formerly enslaved peoples
into international life as an active and independent force, their
striving toward social progress-all of this is inseparably con-
nected with the October Revolution, the successes of socialism
and the class and anti-imperialist struggle of the peoples of
the world.
The Great October Socialist Revolution:
united in asingg e current the struggle of the proletariat and
other revolutionary forces for sociaalism wit the slruggTe of
oppressed peop es agar snnational colon al oppression.- IL dis-
closed the urgency an net cesslty of an alliance between the
workers' movement and the national-liberation struggle of
peoples in the name of victory over imperialism, in the name
of the triumph of national and social freedom;
exerted an immense revolutionary influence on the peoples
of the world, strengthened the fighting determination o the
aroused broad social strata to an active political life;
to an enormous extent, furthered the strengthening of the
organization oft e working class and the working people
throughou the world, which has found its expression in 'the
growth of Communist Parties and in the rapid development of
trade unions, women's and young people's organizations and
all the progressive forces in society....
The strategic line of the modern Communist movement was
defined in the Declaration and Statement of the Moscow Con-
ferences of representatives of Communist and workers' par-
ties, and fidelity to these is an inalienable feature of the
Marxist-Leninist parties.
A half century of history has proven the correctness and
and social democratism. The experience demonstrates that
ily guided by Marxism-Leninism, and any attempt to replace
Marxism-Leninism with pseudo-revolutionary phraseology and
American imperialism, having assumed the function of world
policeman, is intensifying provocations 'in various areas of the
world. U.S. imperialists have unleashed a piratical war
against the Vietnamese people and are trying to strangle the
freedom and independence of the peoples and establish their
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This requires strengthening of unity among all revolution-
ary and progressive forces for a vigorous rebuff to the ag-
gressors, for the struggle against imperialism.
A half century of experience demonstrates graphically the
unshakability of the Marxist-Leninist position on the indivisi-
bility of the national and international tasks of revolutionary
forces. Loyalty to proletarian internationalism is the founda-
tion for the successful motion forward of the revolutionary
cause in every in ivt coon ry a i on on interne ao~ on
scale....
The 23rd C.P.S.U. Congress was an important milestone in
the movement of our country toward communism. On the
basis o a profoun scientific ana ysis, the rty Congress
determined the main tasks of the modern' stage of communist
construction. The Party worked out and is implementing
highly important steps toward establishing and developing
Leninist norms of Party and state life, improving the princi-
ples of collectivity in work, developing inner-Party democ-
racy, expanding criticism and self-criticism and improving
the methods of managing the national economy.
The tasks and plans for coming years outlined by the 23rd
Party Congress awaken new forces and new energy in the
Soviet people....
The C.P.S.U. Central Committee resolves:
To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Great October So-
cialist Revolution as the great holiday of the working people,
an increase in labor productivity, an improvement of the sys-
tem of planning and economic incentives and the perfecting of
social relations;
ensuring high, steady rates of development in agriculture
and a significant increase in the output of agricultural prod-
ucts on the basis of the intensification of agricultural production;
a further substantial rise in the material and cultural level
of the life of the people, the expansion of housing, cultural and
service construction in the city and the countryside;
the further improvement of socialist democracy, a raising
the glorious holiday of all the peoples of the U.S.S.R. and as
the triumph of the ideas of October, the ideas of communism.
Recalling the words of V. 1. Lenin that the best way of cele-
brating the anniversary of the great Revolution is to concen-
trate attention on unsolved problems, the C.P.S.U. Central
Committee recommends to Party, Soviet, trade union, Y.C.L.
and economic organizations that they expand even more the
struggle for realization of the plans outlined by the 23rd
C.P.S.U. Congress and direct the efforts of the working peo-
ple toward solving the following highly important tasks:
a further significant growth in industry, an increase in the
efficiency of social production on the basis of the comprehen-
sive utilization of the achievements of science and technology,
of the role of the Soviets, full exercise of their powers in
carrying out the tasks of economic and cultural construction,
the development of activeness among the working people in all
spheres of public life, an increase In the responsibility to the
people of executive agencies, Deputies and officials;
the strengthening of the socialist norms of life, the enrich-
ment of the revolutionary traditions of our society and the
comprehensive rearing of the people in the spirit of Soviet
patriotism, proletarian internationalism and friendship among
peoples.
To recommend to the Central Committees of Union-republic
Communist Parties; territory, province, city and district
Party committees; and primary Party organizations that they
launch widespread organizational and political work in connec-
tion with the 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist
Revolution....
The preparations for and celebration of the 50th anniversary
of October are called upon to promote the further development
of the revolutionary and labor traditions of the people and of
Soviet patriotism and proletarian internationalism, the foster-
ing in the working people of high moral qualities, devotion to
communist ideals, a civic attitude, implacability toward bour-
geois ideology, the ability to place the interests of the social-
ist homeland above all else, and the readiness to defend with
weapons in 'hand the achievements of socialism.
There should be wider enlistment of Old Bolsheviks, partic'
torica
ipatts in the October Revolution, veterans of the Civil and
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Great Patriotic Wars and veterans of labor for active partici-
pation in the preparations for celebration of theanniversury....:..
To establish as symbols of labor valor commemorative
banners of the C.P.S.U. Central Committee, the Presidium of
the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet, the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers
and the Central Council of Trade Unions in honor of the 50th
anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, as well
as all-Union prizes.
To establish that after the tabulation of the results of the
socialist' competition in honor of the 50th anniversary of Octo-
ber the commemorative flags will remain in the permanent
possession of collectives of industrial enterprises, construc-
tion organizations and collective and state farms that have
achieved the highest results in the fulfillment of their pledges.
To recommend to the Central Council of Trade Unions and
trade union committees and councils that they work out and
implement measures for the extensive participation of trade
union organizations in the preparations for and celebration of
the 50th anniversary of the Soviet regime....
To recommend to the Y.C.L. Central Committee that it work
out measures for the participation of Y.C.L. members and
young people in the preparations for the 50th anniversary of
October....
To approve the initiative of local Soviets and collectives of
working people, which have outlined an extensive program of
civic improvements, the planting of greenery in streets and
squares and the establishment of public gardens and parks in
honor of the 50th anniversary of Soviet rule.
During the days of the preparations for and celebration of
the 50th anniversary of October, to honor nationwide the mem-
ory of those who fell in the struggle for the cause of the Revo-
lution, for the establishment and strengthening of Soviet rule,
and to pay tribute at meetings to Old Bolsheviks; active partic-
ipants in the revolution, the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars;
veterans of labor; heroes of the five-year plans; and active
participants in the building of socialism.
The editors of the newspapers Pravda, Izvestia, Ekonomi-
cheskaya gazeta, Selskaya zhizn, Sovetskaya Rossia, Trud and
Komsoniolskaya pravda; the editors of the magazines Kommu-
nist, Partiinaya zhizn, Agitator, Politicheskoye sainoobrazo-
vaniye; the editors of central, republic, territory, province,
city and borough newspapers and magazines; and the U.S.S.R.
Council of Ministers' State Committee on Radio and Television
Broadcasting and its local agencies are to give extensive cov-
erage to preparations for the 50th anniversary of the October
Revolution. It is necessary to represent in the press, on radio
and on television the glorious revolutionary activity of our party
the achievements of the Soviet state and social systems, the
advantages of socialist democracy, friendship among the peo-
ples of the U.S.S.R., the courage and heroism of the people; to
show the selfless labor of the Soviet people and to arouse them
to new labor feats.
The U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers' State Committee on
Science and Technology and the Union-republic Councils of
Ministers are to demonstrate extensively the achievements of
the Soviet republics, using exhibitions and other opportunities
for this purpose.
To recommend to the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, the
C.P.S.U. Central Committee's Marxism-Leninism Institute, the
C.P.S.U. Central Committee's Academy of Social Sciences, the
C.P.S.U. Central Committee's Higher Party School, the Central
Council of Trade Unions, the U.S.S.R. Ministry of Culture, the
U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers' Committee for the Press, the
U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers' Cinematography Committee, the.
U.S.S.R. Ministry of Higher and Specialized Secondary Educa-
tion,. the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers' State Committee on
Vocational and Technical Education, the U.S.S.R. Ministry of
Communications, the board of directors of the All-Union
Knowledge Society, the boards of directors of the U.S.S.R.
Writers' Union, Artists' Union, Composers' Union, Cinematog-
raphers' Union, Journalists' Union and Architects' Union, the
Central Council of the Union of Sports Societies and U.S.S.R.
organizations that they implement measures in preparation for
the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, in particular:
1, socio-economic, political, military, artistic and chll-
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dren's literature, enlisting as authors Old Bolsheviks, veter-
ans of the Revolution and the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars,
heroes of labor, prominent scholars and public figures, en-
suring the high ideological and artistic level of the publica-
tions;
the widespread offering of lectures, reports and discussions,
theoretical conferences and meetings with veterans of the
Revolution, labor and wars; the organization of excursions to
historical revolutionary cites and friendship and international
solidarity evenings-for the working people;
the preparation and issuance of historical-revolutionary,
scientific-documentary and feature films and television pro-
grams;
the holding of contests for the beat scientific and technical
achievements, scientific work and works of literature and art
devoted to the anniversary of the Great October Socialist
Revolution;
the preparation of anniversary productions, exhibitions of
works of fine art and folk art, the holding of ten-day literature
and art festivals, the organization of inspections of amateur
art works;
the holding of anniversary scientific sessions and confer-
ences;
the holding of mass athletic competitions, physical-culture
hikes to historical sites, Spartakiads among the peoples of the
U.S.S.R., etc.
For the purpose of perpetuating the events of the October
Revolution and the memory of the fighters for Soviet rule, to
recommend to the Central Committees of Union-republic
Communist Parties and the Union-republic Councils of Min-
isters that they put in order existing monuments, obelisks,
mass graves and the resting places of revolutionaries by
widely enlisting the public in this matter.
The C.P.S.U. Central Committee exhorts the men and wom-
en workers of the Soviet Union to mark the forthcoming
anniversary of the Soviet regime with new successes in the
development of socialist industry, construction and transpor-
tation, in the improvement of the production activity of enter-
prises, in raising labor productivity and multiplying the labor
traditions of the glorious working class.
The C.P.S.U. Central Committee exhorts the toilers of the
countryside to mark the anniversary of October by further
strengthening the economies of collective and state farms,
increasing the harvest yield of all agricultural crops and by
increasing the output of livestock products and all the products
of agriculture.
The C.P.S.U. Central Committee exhorts the intelligentsia
of the Soviet Union to struggle still more vigorously to accel:'
erate the scientific and technical progress of our homeland,
to develop further the spiritual culture of socialist society.
The C.P.S.U. Central Committee exhorts Soviet women-tire-
less laborers-tor continue to apply their energy and initiative
In solving the problems of communist construction and to show
unflagging concern for the upbringing of the younger generation,
The C.P.S.U. Central Committee exhorts Soviet young peon
ple to be loyal continuers of the cause of the October Revolu-
tion, active builders of the new world, to master knowledge
and to preserve and multiply the gains of older generations.
The C.P.S.U. Central Committee exhorts the warriors of
the U.S.S.R. Armed Forces persistently to master combat
techniques and weapons, to keep sacred and multiply the rev-
olutionary and battle traditions of the army and navy, to guard
vigilantly and reliably the sacred borders of the Soviet state,
born of the October Socialist Revolution.
The C.P.S.U. Central Committee expresses firm certitude
that Communists, Y.C.L. members and all the working peo-
ple, through their creative labor, will multiply even more the
economic and military might of the country, will implement
still more energetically the great plans for communist con-
struction defined by the Party Program and the decisions of
the 23rd C.P.S.U. Congress, and will give a fitting reception
to the glorious 50th anniversary of the Great October Social-
ist Revolution.
14
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