BI-WEEKLY PROPAGANDA GUIDANCE (Classified)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03061A000100070006-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 7, 2000
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: October 8, 1962
• Content Type: PERRPT

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25X1 C10b 8 October 1962
25X1C10b
A Casual Look at The
Soviet Union
A 26-page pamphlet, reprint of six articles
from July issues of the Hindustan Times,
in which S. Mulgaokar reports on his trip
to the USSR. The report opens by giving
due credit to Soviet productivity and the
like. In looking at the social, policital,
and personal costs of the Soviet system,
however, Mr. Mu.lgaokar leaves serious
doubts as 'to.the desirability of the Soviet
Communist way of doing things.
25X1C10b
(Addendum)
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OPEN WAY TOWARDS A SOCIALIST ALGERIA
Programme Of The Communist Party of Algeria
New Age, Communist Party Weekly
mew Delhi, August 5, 1962
The recently-published Programme of the Alge-
rian Communist Party is "a programme of national
liberation, true democracy and economic and social
progress.
"It is the programme for the building of an Alberiar_ State, of national
de ocracy, which should open pup the way towards a socialist Algeria", de-
cles this historic document- the first and so far the only statement of aims
by any Algerian political group.
In defining "What the Algerian Republic Should be", it calls firstly for
"an independent republic, sovereign, one and indivisible", making it clear
that this implies the evacuation "sooner or later" of French troops and bases.
Algerian unity "implies the ending of all privileges arising out of
colonisation. This is not incompatible with the guaranteeing of the legitimate
non-colonialist interests of the Algerian minority of European or of Jewish
origin, with their equal representation within the elected assemblies, respect
for their particular language, culture and religion, within the framework of
Algerian law. "
Secondly, the Programme declares that the Algerian Republic should
be "a truly democratic republic". This, it points out, implies the rejection
of authoritarian methods and of repression of the masses. "
True democracy "should also be apparent in the
institutions of the Algerian state", to be created
by a Constituent National Assembly elected by
direct, single, universal and secret ballot by all
over the age of 18, with all Algerians over the age
of 20 eligible to stand as candidates.
This Constituent Assembly should draw up a Constitution. Its provisions
should include:
- a single National Assembly elected for four years, with a
government formed by it and responsible to it;
- a national non-regular people's army which "will help in
the tasks of reconstruction to the extent that it is not occupied
with national defence.... The people will ensure that this army
... is not used as an instrument of reactionary and anti-
democratic policies, as has been the case in many Middle East
and Latin American countries";
- guarantees for human rights, individual liberty and freedom
of thought, opinion, press, public meetings, association, worship,
the recognition of trade union rights and the right to strike.
Thirdly, the Algerian Republic should be "a Social Republic" - "political
independence alone will not bring about the tremendous change in the situation
which is required: it should be accompanied by true economic independence
and radical social measures. "
Analysing the economic situation of Algeria, the Programme points out
that it is characterised by "the relationship of domination and dependence im-
posed by the colonial regime.
"This domination is first of all direct; the landed property owners,
ultra-colonialists, possess the best land whilst the French monopolists and
foreign monopolists have their hands on the mineral and fuel resources, on
industrial enterprises and the banks....
"Domination is equally indirect; it is exercised by colonial institutions
imposed on the people, such as the Custom s Union (with France - Ed.) free-
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The Programme makes a critical examination of the financial and eco-
nomic provisions of the Evian Agreement which brought about a cease-fire in
Algeria.
The Agreement marked a "considerable step for-
ward" and "admits the principle of the economic
and financial sovereignty of Algeria" but "there are
limitations to certain parts of this sovereignty, in
particular in the section dealing with agrarian reform
and nationalisation of the main wealth of the country. "
The Algerian Communist Party demands the complete ending of eco-
nornic and financial dependence on French imperialism, the breaking of the
stranglehold of the French and international monopolies and an end to the
privileges enjoyed by the colonialists and feudalists.
It calls for an economic plan to develop the national economy, diversi-
fy production (thus ending the dependence on a small number of crops or pro-
ducts characteristic of colonial economies) and improve living standards.
This plan should be based on:
- agrarian reform;
- the mobilisation of savings for investment, above all in heavy industry;
- full employment on work of national interest.
On the first point, the Programme declares that
"the Algerian Communist Party proposes the confis-
cation, pure and simple, and without compensation,
of land owned by the big colonialists, " pointing out
that these number about 7,000 and alone own about
90 per cent of the colonis&'d land.
It calls for the confiscation of the land of the big Algerian feudal land-
owners and of big estates belonging to landlords who I ollaborated with the
French colonialists.
The surplus land of big proprietors who did not betray the national
cause wiould also be limited "in friendly fashion and taking into account
the value of the land. It
The land should be redistributed free to landless poor peasants, to
middle peasants with insufficient land (with priority for ex- servicemen of
the Algerian Liberation Army and the families of those who died in the war)
and also to "small farmers who are Algerian citizens: of European origin
who have insufficient land (giving priority to those who assisted the Algerian
Liberation Army)".
It calls for the encouragement of genuine agricultural cooperatives.
Certain big estates (notably the big vineyards producitig good wines of which
the export forms a big part of Algeria's national revenue) should become
cooperatives or State farms run by agricultural workers and technicians.
The Programme's section on industrialisation
calls for the nationalisation of Algeria's natural
wealth, including the rich Sahara oil and natural
gas deposits, coal, iron, phosphates etc.
In addition to the building of a heavy industry, which it sees as the
basis of economic independence, the Programme proposes the extension
of light industry, including controlled private enterprise, the encourage-
ment of traditional and modern artisans' cooperatives and the extension of
the country's road and rail system built up by the colonialists primarily
to facilitate the country's exploitation and the rapid deployment of troops.
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The Programme outlines a series of social measures, including
steps to aid victims of the war, a fair wage policy of equal pay for equal
work, the eight-hour day, health, education, housing and women's rights.
Underlining that progress depends upon "the total
and enthusiastic mobilisation of our people", the
Programme declares that "the first condition for
this mobilisation is the conscious and resolute unity
in action of all anti-imperialist and progressive
forces within the nation.
"The Assembly on the basis of a common programme, should make
itself into a Front of national organisations grouped together, respecting
the autonomy of each organisation and within the framework of a common
discipline.
"Many patriots and leaders of the National Liberation Front feel that
this assembly should be one single party. What should be the programme
and ideology of this one party? The attitude of the Algerian Communist Party
will be determined by the reply to this question.
"The Algerian Communist Party is opposed to a single party based on
nationalist bourgeois ideology. Such a party, even if its composition is
popular, even if its leaders spring from the working class or the working
peasantry, would sooner or later be the instrument for the domination of
the working masses by the bourgeoisie, even if this bourgeoisie has not at
the present moment a solid economic foundation in the country. "
The Algerian Communist Party will be in favour of a single Party
based on working class ideology if the political and social conditions are
created, the Programme goes on, recalling the example of the United
Socialist Party of Cuba.
"But whilst working for a single party formed on
such a basis, and for the time when political and
social conditions will be ripe for such a party, the
Communist Party of Algeria does not support the
suppression of parties reflecting the interests of
anti-imperialist bourgeois or petit-bourgeois sections
Abroad, the Programme advocates a policy of peaceful coexistence,
non-adherence to military blocs (specifically excluding the use of the Algerian
Sahara as a nuclear testing ground), solidarity with Morocco and Tunisia who
are on the way to building a united Arab Maghreb based on anti-imperialism,
democracy and social progress and cooperative and friendly relations with all
countries, above all with the Socialist countries.
"Neither agrarian reform nor nationalisation will be sufficient to build
socialism, " it declares.
Socialism, it goes on, means:
_ the social ownership of the principal means of production;
- the progressive collectivisation of agriculture;
-'working class leadership of thd riational'and progressive forces;
- the existence of a strong Marxist-Leninist Party.
"It is in order to lead our people, together with all Algerian patriotic
andp-rogreosive.forces, that our Party, conscious of its guiding role, has
set rut this programme and puts it before all Algerians, in this year which
ought to be the start of new struggles for independence, for land and bread,
for work and education, true democracy and the unlimited progress of our
nation", it concludes.
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Marx's Theory of the Alienation of the Worker
Since Marx's concept of socialism is closely related to the transformation
of "alienated labor" into "free labor" it is useful to determine exactly how he
conceived of these terms. In the first of four essays -- subsequently entitled
the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts -- which were written between
April an August 1844 (iretlier wars early^nn his career, pre -dating even the
Communist Manifesto), Karl Marx discusses in detail the question of alienation.
In act, the' first o t e four manuscripts bears the title, Alienated Labor. Marx
begins the manuscript by accusing contemporary political economists of tarting
with the fact of private property rather than explaining it, of failing to show, th^t
is, how the laws of political economy develop from the nature of private proper?.),.
Marx concludes that "the only moving forces which political economy recognizes
are avarice and the war between the avaricious, competition. " Marx defines
his task as one of demonstrating
"the real connection between this whole system of
alienation -- private property, the separation of labor,
capital and land, exchange and competition, value and
the devaluation of man, monopoly and competition --
and the system of money. "
In the process, he examines three types of alienation which occur in the pro-
duction process.
In discussing man's relationship to external nature from which he lives
(plant life, animal life, air, minerals etc.), Marx points out that the latter
constitute a part of human consciousness as objects of natural science to be
studied and as objects of creative activity to which man can give shape, pro-
a ortion color etc. From the practical aspect also they constitute part of human
life since man lives from nature's products in the form of food, fuel, clothing,
housing etc. Thus external nature is the direct means of life and also the
material object and instrument of life activity. According to Marx, "Conscious
life activity distinguishes man from the life activity of animals" which are one
with their life activity.
"Man makes his life activity itself an object of his
will and consciousness. Only for this reason is his
activity free activity. Alienated labor reverses the
relationship, in that man, because he is a self-
conscious being makes his life activity, his being,
only a means for his existence. "
Marx distinguishes three types of alienated labor. First of all, Alienation
of the Worker from the Products of his Labor. Materialistically, Marx chooses 'with to begin what he terms a "contemporary economic fact," that is, that
"The worker ri. e. in this case the alienated worker of
a modern industrial society-_7 becomes poorer the more,
wealth he produces ~oorer, that is in his "humanness"7....
The devaluation of the human world increases in direct
relation with the increase in value of the world of things.
Labor not only creates goods; it also produces itself
and worker as a commodity, in the same proportion as
it produces goods.... The alienation of the worker in
his product means not only that his labor becomes an
object, assumes that is an external existence, but that
it exists independently, outside himself, and alien to him,
and that it stands opposed to him as an automonous power. "
/The creation of the nuclear bomb might be used to illustrate a product which
fas assumed an external existence, alien to its creators and opposed to them
as an "autonomous" power.? Subsequently, Marx concludes: "Political econon j
conceals the alienation in the nature of labor insofar as it does not examine the
direct relationship between the worker (work) and production. " And, a bit
later, "The direct relationship of labor to its products is the relationship of the
worker to the objects of his production. "
The second category of alienation distinguished by Marx is Alienation of the
Worker in the Activity of Production. "Alienation appears not only in the result,
but also in the process of production." What constitutes alienation of the
production process ?
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"First, that the work is external to the worker, that
it is not part of his nature; and that, consequently, he
does not fulfill himself in his work but denies himself,
has a feeling of misery rather than well being, does
not develop freely his mental and physical energies but
is physically exhausted and mentally debased. The
worker therefore feels himself at home only during
his leisure time, whereas at work he feels homeless.
His work is not voluntary but imposed, forced labor.
It is not the satisfaction of a need, but only a means
for satisfying other needs. Its alien character is
shown by the fact that as soon as there is no physical
or other compulsion it is avoided like the plague.
External labor, labor in which man alienates himself,
is a labor of self-sacrifice, of mortification. Finally,
the external character of work for the worker is shown
by the fact that it is not his own work but work for
someone else, that in work he does not belong to him-
self but to another person.... We arrive at the result
that man (the worker) feels himself to be freely active
only in his animal functions -- eating, drinking and
procreating, or at most also in his dwelling and in
personal adornment -- while in his human functions he
is reduced to an animal. it
Thirdly, in thejrocess of production, the worker is also alienated from
his "species life" / i.e. his identification as a human beinj7 since it transforms
the very activity through which he should confirm his "humanness" into a means
of physical existence. "Thus alienated labor turns the species life of man.. .
int^ an alien being and into a means for his individual existence. It alienates
man from his own body, external nature, his mental life and his human life. "
Marx summarizes: "A direct consequence of the alienation of man from the
product of his labor, from his life activity and from his species life is that
man is alienated from other men... What is true of man's relationship to his
work, to this product of his work and to himself, is also true of his relationship
to other men..." He then goes on to show that alienated labor in turn creates
the alien person to whom the product of the alienated labor belongs, i.e. the
"capitalist" (note that this is Marx's original definition).
"Through alienated labor the worker creates the
relation of another man, who does not work and is
outside the work process.... Private property
/1. e. the objects created by alienated labor and
which now belong to an alien being, the capitalist-/
is thus derived from the analysis of the concept of
alienated labor, alienated life, and estranged man. "
The example which comes to mind as the embodiment of Marx's idea of
"positive labor" is that of a thirteenth or fourteenth century goldsmith. Such
a "laborer" would creatively and joyfully shape external nature (in the form of
a golden metal) into an object in which he confirmed his "species being" and
his basic identity (through art) with his fellow man, thus confirming in concrete
form his human nature in such a way that he was not only able to fulfill himself
in his work but would (if he were of the caliber of let us say Benvenuto Cellini
of 16th Century Florence) contribute to "species image" of Western man for the
next 500 years and more.
The Communist world has continued until the very recent past to deny that
such a phenomenon as alienation could occur in a "socialist" state, and -- as
the Soviet, Polish and Czech daily press bear witness -- has not found realistic
or efficacious means for dealing with this important problem.
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 S'`4PTOMS OF SING}-SOVIET TEJ ION
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EVENTS UP TO OCTOBER 1962
After a period of relative calm, recent weeks have have again witnessed
marked symptoms of deterioration in Sino-Soviet relations. At the 22nd CPSU
Congress a year ago, the air rang with indirect attacks on Chinese policies,
thinly disguised as attacks on Albania and the "Anti-Party Group.." After the
Chinese Communists responded by attacking Soviet policies at the December
1961 meeting of the World Peace Council in Stockholm and elsewhere, Khrushchev
rejoined by turning the Chinese attacks on "full-belly socialism" against the
Chinese themselves, saying on 5 March that certain people were "preaching
equality in the spirit of the first Christian communities with their low standard
of living and asceticism," and adding: "Communism cannot be depicted as a
table with empty plates and occupied by highly conscious and completely equal
people. To invite people to such Communism is tantamount to inviting people
to eat soup with a fork. " But in mid-March, Moscow Radio stopped attacking
the Albanian leaders (except in broadcasts in Albanian, where the attacks ceased
in early April) until early May, and with the exception of certain mid-May
articles, there was an absence of polemic in the Soviet press until late June.
Instead, in early April there was glowing Soviet comment on a joint Chinese-
Soviet project on the Amur River and Pravda praised Chinese agronomists; on
20 April a Sino-Soviet protocol on goo s exc anges was signed with a great
display of politeness, although the Soviets appear to have offered no new credit,
On the Chinese side, a series of articles in Red Fla attacking Soviet policies
was interrupted from early March to late Apri , an in early July the principal
Chinese delegate to the Moscow Peace Congress stated the Chinese position in
moderate terms and praised Khrushchev personally. The Chinese also behaved
moderately at the Youth Festival in Helsinki, There was minor static at intervals
throughout this period, but nothing on the scale of that seen in the winter of
1961-2. It is possible that, behind the scenes, negotiations for a reconciliation
were going on.
If there were any such negotiations, they must now be suspended, or at
least in serious difficulty. Symptoms of friction and realignment include:
1. Chinese attacks on the doctrine of the priority of peaceful
coexistence and general disarmament were made in Red Fla (1 August),
at the 6th Congress of the WFDY (Warsaw, 10-16 August) and at the
7th Congress of the IUS (Leningrad, 18-29 August). The Red Fla
article advocated the Chinese pattern of revolution for co onia and
semi-colonial countries, while at Warsaw, Wang Chat-hua argued that
disarmament was not the only, or the most important way to safeguard
world peace. There and in Leningrad, the Chic oms maintained that
the essential thing was to weaken imperialism, in particular through
the national liberation movement; this would be the best way to secure
world peace (!). A Moscow youth paper, Moskovsky Komsomolets,
reacted by noting that "some students still underestimate the
importance of the disarmament problem and have a wrong idea of
the relationship between the struggle for national independence and
general and complete disarmament." would clc
2. On 25 September, V'w viet . f#icial^ rya;.: rtadly said that the USSR /
its two remaining consulates in China (Shanghai and Harbin); their
activities are to be taken over by the Soviet Embassy in Peking. The
Soviets claimed that the closure was based on reasons of economy,
but the USSR has never been stingy when it could maintain listening
posts in other countries, and there had been rumors on 20 September
that the Chic oms had requested the closing of Soviet consulates. On
5 September, the Soviets also announced that the Chinese Ambassador
was leaving Moscow for a new assignment; though the Embassy will
continue to function under a charge d'affaires, it is interesting that
the Chinese Ambassador did not (as did the West German Ambassador,
Kroll) see Khrushchev before his departure. So far as is known, the
present Soviet Ambassador in Peking has never been received
by Mao Tse-tung.
3. According to a report in the New York Times (24 September),
the Soviet theoretical journal Kommun st ? s noww published an article
warning revolutionaries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America against
"unjustified over-zeal," saying that capitalist economic forms must be
eliminated in a stage of "general democratic development" before newly
independent states can be ripe for Communism: "Neglect of general
democratic problems and undue haste may narrow the popular basis
of Socialist revolution and compromise the noble idea of Socialism in
the eyes of the masses." This amounts to a serious attack, not only
on current Chicom policy, but also on China's own revolution.
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Chinese People's Republic was celebrated in Peking, with hundreds
of thousands of marchers passing the reviewing stand, but no
important Soviet official observable in it. At a Chinese anniversary
rally in Moscow, the highest Soviet representative was the Minister
of Higher and Specialized Secondary Education, G. M. Pushkin. On
30 September, Chou En-lai renewed the Chinese attack on "modern
revisionism," implicitly including Khrushchev as well as Tito in the
charge, and maintained that efforts to "isolate" China would be
fruitless. And at the anniversary ceremonies in Tirana, the Chinese
delegation chief voiced Chinese opposition to "great power chauvinism
e. , Soviet chauvinisrR. "
5. The visit of the Soviet titular chief of state, L. I. Brezhnev,
has provoked new attacks on Yugcolavia from Peking and Tirana.
On Brezhnev's arrival on 24 September, Belgrade Radio disclosed
that the Soviet party included "Deputy of the Supreme Soviet Andropov."
Andropov, whose first name and patronymic are Yuriy Vladimirovich,
is also, and far more important, the chief of the CPSU Central
Committee Department for Liaison with Communist and Workers'
Parties of Socialist Countries, as well as a former Soviet Ambassador
to Hungary, a has frequently traveled to various satellite capitals.
His presence is significant, in that it suggests that in addition to
improving relations between the two countries at the state level, an
attempt may be made for closer cooperation at the Party level as well.
Brezhnev's visit, ostensibly at the head of a parliamentary group, may
have resulted from another "parliamentary" visit in the opposite
direction. Brezhnev's tour was announced on 10 July, shortly after
a delegation of members of the Yugoslav Federal People's Assembly,
headed by Pete Stambulic, toured the Soviet Union in the last week of
June and the first week of July. Among the Yugoslav delegates was
Dusan Mugosa, a Party leader in the Kosmet district, which is
Yugoslavia's Albanian minority region; Mugosa was instrumental in
organizing the Albanian Workers Party (the Albanian CP) after World
War II. Recently, during Brezhnev's visit (on 30 September),
Mugosa stated, in a speech reported by Borba, that communism in
Albania was threatened by Hoxha and Shehu, and asserted that even
Albanian Politburo members lacked confidence in them. These facts
suggest that the Soviet Union may have given tacit consent to Yugoslav
policies directed toward the overthrow of the Albanian regime and its
replacement by one controlled by - or at least sympathetic to - the
Yugoslav brand of "socialism. " The presence of individuals like
Andropov and Mugosa in delegations is often overlooked by non-Commu-
nists, but does not pass unnoticed by the veteran Party leaders in
Peking and Tirana.
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TEXT OF FINAL COMMUNIQUE OF ASIAN-AFRICAN PARLEY
The Asian-African conference, convened by the Government of Burma,
Ceylon, India, Indonesia and Pakistan, met in Bandung from the 18th to 24th of
April, 1955.
In addition to the sponsoring countries, the following twenty-four
countries participated in the conference:
Afghanistan, Cambodia, People's Republic of China, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Gold Coast, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Nepal,
the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam, State of Vietnam and Yemen.
The Asian-African conference considered the position of Asia and Africa
and discussed ways and means by which their poeples could achieve the fullest
economic cultural and political cooperation.
A. Economic Cooperation
1. The Asian-African conference recognized the urgency of promoting
economic development in the Asian-African region. There was general desire
for economic cooperation among the participating countries on the basis of
mutual interest.and respect for national sovereignty.
The proposals with regard to economic cooperation within the participating
countries do not preclude either the desirability or the need for cooperation
with countries outside the region, including the investment-of foreign capital.
It was further recognized that assistance being received by certain
participating. countries from outside the region through international or under
bilateral arrangements had made a valuable contribution to the implementation
of their development programs.
2. The participating countries agree to provide technical assistance to
one another, to the maximum extent practicable, in' the form of:
Expert, trainees, pilot projects, and equipment for demonstra-
tion purposes;
Exchange, of know-how, and establishment of national and- where
possible- regional training and research institutes for imparting
technical knowledge and skills in cooperation with the existing
international agencies.
Development Funds Proposed
3.
The early establishment of a special United Nations fund for
economic development;
The allocation by the International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development of a greater part of its resources to Asian-
African countries;
The early establishment of an international finance corporation,
which should include in its activities the undertaking of equity
investment ; and
Encouragement of the promotion of joint ventures among Asian-
African countries insofar as this will promote their common
interest.
4. The Asian-African conference recognized the vital need for stabilizing
commodity trade in the region.
The principle of enlarging the scope of multilateral trade and payments was
accepted. However, it was recognized that some countries would have to take
recourse to bilateral trade arrangements in view of their prevailing economic
conditions.
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5. The Asian-African conference recommended that collective action
be taken by participating countries for stabilizing international prices of and-
demand for primary commodities through bilateral and multilateral arrange-
ments, and that'as far as practicable and desirable they should adopt a unified
approach on the subject in the United Nations Permanent Advisory Commission
on International Commodity Trade and other international forums.
6. The Asian-African conference further recommended:
Asian-African countries should diversify their export trade by
processing their raw-materials whenever economically feasible
before export; intra-regional trade fairs should be promoted
and. encouragement be given .to the exchange of trade delegations
and groups of businessmen;, exchange of'information and of
samples should be encouraged with a view to promoting intra-
regional trade; and normal facilities should be provided for, the
transit trade of landlocked countries.
'i. Tlie Asian-African conference attached considerable importance
to slapping and expressed concern that,slupping lines reviewed from time
to tiara their freight rate$ oftep to',the detriment of participating countries.
It recommended a. study. of this , problem and, collective action there--
after t0 put pxes.sure. on. the sh~ppx ig;line to dopt a more reasonable attitude.
The Asian-African 'conference agreed that encouragement should
be give. to the a stablishrxieut of national .as~c1, regional banks and insurance
compa~ze s+
~
'
~... .. .. ... ., .. C .
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- is
9 -ri, 'A as a~,- Q ry ran con"ferennce felt that exchange of'information.
on matters relating to oil, such as remittance' of?pr&fits and taxation,
might finally lead to the formulation of a common. policy.
Nuclear Energy Stressed
IO.' The Asian-Af rican conference emphasized'the particular
significanee of the development of nuclear energy for the peaceful purposes
for. Asian-African countries.
The conference.w alcomed the initiative of the powers principally
concerned in'offering to make available information regarding the use of
atomic energy for peaceful purposes;
Urged the speedy establishment of an international atomic energy
agency which should provide for adequate.representation of the Asian-
African countries on the executive authority of the agency; and
Recommended that Asian and African governments take full advantage
of the training and other facilities in the peaceful uses of atomic energy
offered by the countries sponsoring such programs.
11. The Asian-African conference agreed to. the appointment of
liaison officers in participating countries, to be nominated by their
respective national. governments, for the exchange ;of information and
matters of mutual interest.
It recommended that fuller use should be made of the existing inter-
national. organizations, and participating countries w.ho were not members
of such international organizations but were eligible should secure member-
ship.
12. The Asian-African conference recommended, that there should
be prior consultation of participating countries in international forums with
a view, as far as possible, to furthering their mutual economic interest.
It is, however, not intended to form a regional bloc.
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B. Cultural Cooperation.
1. The Asian-.Afri.can conference was convinced,. that among the most
powerful means of promoting understanding among nations is the develop-
ment of cultural cooperation. Asia and Africa have been the cradle of great
religions and civilizations which have enriched other cultures and civili-
zations while themselves being enriched in the process.
Thus the cultures of Asia and Africa are based on spiritual and
universal foundations. Unfortunately, cultural contacts among Asian
and African countries were interrupted during the past centuries.
The people of Asia and Africa are now animated by a keen and sincere
de sire to renew-their old cultural contacts and develop new ones in the
context of the modern world. All participating governments at the conference
reiterated their declaration to work for icloser cultural cooperation.
The Asian-African conference took note of the fact that the existence
of colonialism in many parts of Asia and Africa, in whatever form it may
be, not only prevents. cultural cooperation but also suppresses the national
cultures of the peoples.
Basic Rights Found Denied
Some colonial powers.have denied their dependent peoples basic rights
in the sphere of education and culture, which hampers the development of
their personality and also prevents cultural intercourse with other Asian-
and African peoples.
This is particularly true in the case of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco,
where the basic right of the people to study their own language and culture
has been suppressed.
Similar discrimination has been practiced against African and Colored
people in some parts of the Continent of Africa.
The conference felt that these policies amount to a denial of the
fundamental rights of man, impede cultural advancement in this region and
also hamper cultural cooperation on the wide international plan.
The conference condemned such a denial of fundamental rights in the
sphere of education and culture in some parts of Asia and Africa by this
and other. forms of cultural suppression.
In particular, the conference condemned racialism as a means of
cultural suppression.
3. It was not from any sense of exclusiveness or rivalry with other
groups of nations and other civilizations and cultures that the .conference
viewed the development of cultural cooperation among Asian and African
countries.
For World Cultural Ties
True to the age-old tradition of tolerance and universality, the
conference believed that Asian,and African cultural cooperation should be
developed in the larger context of world cooperation.
Side. by side with the development of Asian-African cultural coopera-
tion the countries of Asia and Africa desire to develop cultural contacts
with others. This would enrich their own culture and would also help in
the promotion of world peace and understanding.
4. There are,many countries in Asia and Africa which have not yet
been able to develop their educational, scientific and technical institutions.
The conference recommended that countries in Asia and Africa which
are more fortunately placed in this respect should give facilities for the
admission of students and trainees from such' countries to their institutions.
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Such facilities should also be made available to the Asian and
African people in Africa, to whom opportunities for. acquiring higher
education are at present denied.
5. The Asian-African conference felt that the promotion of
cultural cooperation among countries of Asia and Africa should be
directed towards:
a. The acquisition of knowledge of each other country;
b. Mutual Cultural exchange; and
c. Exchange of information.
6 The Asian-'African conference w;a,s of the opi'nion that at this
stage the best results in cultural; cooperation-would be achieved by pur-
suing bilateral arrangements. to mplem:ent its. recomtend.at ons and by
each country taking action on-its own wherever possible and feasible.
Eights'- and. Sc if- Determination
C. Human
1. The Asian-African conference declared its full- support of the
fw damental principles of. human rights as set forth in the Charter of the
United Nations and took note` of the iJniversal. Declaration of Hum"an Rights
as a common ,standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations..:
The conference decl'a.xedits full support of the principle of self
determination of peoples and nations..as, set forth in the Charter of the
United.`Natiois and. took note of'the United Nations resolutions `on th"e
right of. 'people's and nations to self-determiuiation, vuhi c li is a pre
requisite of the full enjoyment of all fundamental human .rights.
2. The Asian-African conference deplored thepoli.cies and practices..
of racial segregation and discrimination which form ?the.taasia.of.geve.rnu ent
and' human. relations in large regions of Africa and in other, parts of the world.
Such conduct is not only a . 'gro s s violation of human rights but also
a denial of "the fundamental values of civiliza.t on and' the dignity of man.
The conferenice extended its warm sympathy and support for the
courageous stand taken by the ictir' "i of racial discrimination, especially
by the peoples of African and Indian and Pakistani' origin in South. Africa;
applauded all those who sustained their cause; reaffirmed the determination
of. Asian-African peoples to eradicate every trace of racialism that night
exist in their own countries; and pledged to use its full moral influence to,
guard against the danger of falling victims of the same evil in their' struggle
to eradicate it.
3.: In view of the existing tension in the .Middle East caused by
the situation in Palestine and of the danger of that tension to world peace,
the Asian-.African conference declared its support of the rights of the
Arab people of. Palestine and called for the implementation of the United,
Nations resolutions on Palestine and of the peaceful settlement of the
Palestine question.
D. Problems of Dependent People:
1. The Asian-African conference, in the context of its expressed
attitude on the abolition of colonialism, supported the position .of 'Indo . -
nesia in the case of West Irian (Dutch New Guinea) on the relevant agree-
ments between Indonesia and the Netherlands.
The Asian-1-African conference urged the Netherlands Government
to reopen negotiations as soon as possible to implement-their obligations
under the above-mentioned agreements and expressed the earnest hope
that the United Nations could. assist, the parties concerned in finding a,
peaceful solution to the dispute.
4
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2. In view of the unsettled situation-In North Africa and of the--
persisting denial to the peoples of North Africa of their right to self-
determination, the Asian-African conference declared its +uppor't of
the rights of the people of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia to `self-
determination and independence and urged the French Government to
bring about a peaceful settlement of the issue without delay.
F. Promotion of World Peace and Cooperaton:
1. The Asian-African conference, taking note of the :fact that
several states have still not been admitted to the United Nations, con-
sidered that for effective cooperation for world peace" membership in
the'United-Nations should be universal, called on the Security Council
to support the admission of all those states which are qualified for
membership in terms of the Charter.
In the opinion of the Asian-African conference the following
countries which were represented in it Cambodia, Ceylon, Japan,
Jordan, Laos, Libya, Nepal and unified Vietnam - were so qualified.
The conference considered that the representafon of the
countries of the Asian-African region of the Security Council in
relation to the principle of equitable geographic distribution was
inadequate.
It expressed the view that as regards the, distribution of the non-
permanent seats,. the Asian-African countries which, under the' arrange-
ment arrived at in London in 1946, are precluded from being elected,
should be enabled to .serve on the Security Council, so that they might
make a more effective contribution to the maintenance of international
peace and security.
Z. The Asian-African conference having considered the dangerous
situation of international tension existing and the risks confronting the
whole human race from the outbreak of global war in which the des- -
tructive power of "all types of armaments including nuclear and thermo-
nuclear weapons would be employed, invited the attention of all nations
to the terrible consequences that would follow if such a war were to
beak out.
.Disarmament Proposed
The conference considered that disarmament and the prohibition
of production, experimentation and use of nuclear and thermonuclear
weapons of war are imperative to save mankind and civilization from the
fear and prospect of wholesale destruction.
It considered that the nations of Asia and Africa assembled here
have a duty toward humanity and civilization to proclaim their support
for the prohibition of these weapons and to appeal to nations principally
concerned and to world opinion to bring about such disarmament and
prohibition.
The conference considered that effective international control
should be e stablished and maintained to implement such prohibition
and that speedy and determined efforts should be made to this end. --
Pending the total prohibiti:inof the manufacture of nuclear and thermo-
nuclear weapons, this conference appealed to all the powers concerned
to reach agreement to suspend experiments with such weapons.
The conference declared that universal disarmament is an absolute
necessity for the preservation of peace and requested the United Nations
to continue its efforts and appealed to all concerned speedily to bring
about the regulations limitation, control and-reduction of all armed forces
and armaments ilu4ing the prohibition of the production, experimentation
and use of all weapons of mass destruction and to establish effective
international control to this encl.
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3. . The Asian-African conference supported the position of the Yemen
in the case,of :Aden ,and the, southern, arts of Yemen known as the pro-
tectorates and urged.the parties -`-conccrned to ar'r"ive at,a"peaceful settlement
F. Declara,.tion, of ap'r6blems'of Dependent Peoples:
The Asian-African conference discussed the problems of dependent
peoples and colonialism and the evils arising from the subject to what. is
stated in the following paragraph;,,~ the. conference is-agreed:
In declaring that' colonialism in all its manifestations is an evil
which should speedily be brought, to an end;
2 affirming that the subjection of ,peoples to alien subjugation,
domination.anc: exp'loitatiori'c'oristitute a. denial of.fundamental human rights
is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations and is an impediment to
the promotion of, world peace..and cooperation;
3. In declaring its support of the cause of freedom and 'ndependence
for all such peoples; and
4. In calla' g upon the powers concerned to grant freedom and inde-
pendence to such peoples..
G. Declaration of Promotion of World Peace and Cooperation: '
The Asian-African conference gave anxious_ thought to, the que stion
of world peace and cooperation. It 'viewed with deep concern the'present
state of international tension with its'danger of an atomic world war:
The problem of peace is correlative with the problem: pf international
security. In this connection all states should cooperate especially `through
the United Nations in bringing about the.reduction of armaments. and the
elimination of nuclear weapons under effective international control.
In this way international peace can be''promoted and nuclear energy,
may be used exclusively for peaceful purpose. This would help answer the
needs, particularly of Asia and Africa, for what they urgently require are
social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.
Freedom and peace are interdependent. The right of. self-determination
must be enjoyed by all peoples and freedom and independence must be '"granted
with the least possible delay to those who are still dependent people.
Indeed all nations: should have'the right freely to. choose their own
political and economic systems and their own way of life in conformity
with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
Free from "c'iatrnst.:and fear -and-; itb 'ctinfi,c-lerice andwgeodwiU " i
toward each other, nations should practice tolerance and live together
in peacewit'hone another 'as good neighbors and develop friendly cooperation
on the basis of the following principles:
1." Respect for the fundamental human rights and for the purposes
and principles. of the charter of the United Nations.
,2. Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations.
3. Recognition of the equality of all races and of the equality of all
nations, large and small.
4. Abstention froth intervention or interference in the internal affairs
of another country.
5. -Respect for the right of each nation to defend itself singly or
collectively in conformitywith"the Charter of the United Nations.'
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6A. Abstention from the use of arrangements of collective defense
to serve the particular interests of any of the big powers.
6B. Abstention by any country from exerting pressures on other
countries .
7. Refraining from acts or threats of aggression of the use of force
against the territorial integrity or political independence of any country.
G. Settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means such
as negotiation, conciliation, arbitration or judicial settlement, as well
as other peaceful means of the partiest own choice in conformity with the
Charter of the United Nations.
9. Promotion of mutual interest and cooperation.
10. Respect for justice and international obligations.
The Asian-African conference declares its conviction that friendly
cooperation in accordance with these principles would effectively contri-
bute to the maintenance and promotion of international peace and security
while cooperation in the economic, social and cultural fields would help
bring about the common prosperity and well-being of all.
The Asian-African conference recommended that the full sponsoring
countries should consider the next meeting of the conference in consulta-
tion with other countries concerned.
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CPYRGHT
(Editorial
Politics in the Jakarta's
handling of Asian Games?
.., The s ad, like the Olympiad, is an litate the arrival and participation of
Levent dedicated as'much to the promo- the Chinese in the Asian Games, if !n
tion of world friendship as to the devel- deed third parties out to sabotage Na-
.,?opment of sports. Politics, at one time - tionalist China's participation are res
or another, has. threatened. to destroy , ;ponsible for the blank cards. The half-.
:the friendly spirit of these games but hearted manner in which the Indone-,
thus far responsible leaders have been: sian committee has been proceeding;
fable to keep it out. It will,'therefore, -with this case, however, seems to sup-.,
be a most unfortunate: thing if politics port suspicions that Indonesia itself,
vy+ill now be;'able. undermine the Asian which recognizes Red China, is suc-
ames to be held In Jakarta, Indone- cumbing to communist pressure to keep;
, sta, this month. the Nationalists out of the games.
?' For ; several -days now, the sports' -One other country Israel - has;
world has been watching with dismay - yet to receive entry forms for her;
..the Indonesian organizing committee's athletes. Inevitably this has been
handling of, the Nationalist China case., linked to Indonesia's inviting thej
[:One of 'the founders of the Asian Ath United Arab Republic to Join the Asian,
letic Federation, which sponsors the, games -- although the UAR is now
Asian Ganes, and one of, Asia's. leading here' in Asia. It could be a coincidence
athletic' powers. Nationalist China was but the Indonesians are doing little to'
invited to participate in the games dispel the suspicions.
this year,. along with the Philippines Israel has threatened ` to petition'
and other Asian nations. On Aug. 4, far the disqualification of the Jakarta
the Chinese received. what they had games if her athletes are not admitted.
'hoped would be entry forms for their Nationalist China is poised to lake
athletes. When the package was open- similar action and has given the organ
ea, however, the Chinese found only' Izers until Wednesday to make their:
blank cards.. - Efforts to clear up the decision. There is still time to correct..
mess received only a cold reply from. what has obviously been a mishandling;
the Indonesian sports minister that If of. the invitations to the Asian Games..
the Chinese did not receive their cards, If, because' of continued inaction by'
that. was not -the Indonesian commit the organizers, Nationalist China and'
tee's fault. It would first look for the ;, . Israel are unable to participate, it will;
"leak" before c' )ing anything about the be a black mark on the Asiad as well"
gentry forms for the Chinese. Mean as' on the host country. All, the coun-
while, with only five days, before the'':., Including the Philippines, whose;
c1Asian Games opening ` on Friday, Aug ;.' athletes, are now in Jakarta would d6
24, the Chinese' Will have to .wait ,swell to keep this in mind and take con
It would seem that under . the cir-, Crete ` steps to prevent this.' . If they'
~ciYmstances, the Indonesian committee , f'alI,...,they `can always take; remedial
would arty watt , xnot> dispa t a+ct#o~n. fifer tie games.
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CPYRGHT
aht
a organisers
and the Governments which
subsidise them one way or another
are so often unworthy of the athle-
?tes and j.layers over whom they
exercise ;ontrol. The fourth Asian
Games in Jakarta could have been
?a brave witness to the brotherhood
of man, a gentle reminder to the
statestim; of this sorry world. of
.nation States that while man may
be a litical animal, politics is not
all. The Rome Olympiad was such
a reminder. As one reads the des-
patches of the sports reporters In
Jakarta who And themselves In the
unaccustomed role-of political cor-
respondents, one remembers rather
wistfully that at Rome the two
Germanys sent it single leant, Sig-
nore Tambroni's Government, which
fell on the eve of the Olympic
games, had been propped up with
nea-fascist support; but that had
not prevented it from clearing the
entry of the athletes from the Com-
munist countries, having provided
all the physical facilities for the
Olympiadpat some considerable cost
to the public exchequer, the Italian
Government of the day "quite right-
ly let the snorts authorities get on
with the job.
POLITICS
Had President Soekarne's regime
adopted the same apolitical atti-
tude, the Fourth Asian Games
would have been a joyful thing to
remember. As it Is, the Jakarta
meet Is unlikely to go down In
sports history by that name. The
splendid performance of the athletes
who are competing there at the
moment is being matted by the cold
intrusion of politics, the spotlight
has shifted from the magnificent,
new stadium in Jakatta-.-perhaps
the finest in the world-to the com-
mittee rooms outside where it rum-
bet of Asian sports authorities and
the Indonesian Government. are
l engaged in gamesmanship.
Both the supoil, facilities pro.
.vided for the Jakarta games and
'the infliction of politics on the
games are the result of the same
cause: President Soekarno's belief
-that international sports is too serl-
ous a business to be left to sports-
men, To take the facilities first,
one is quite overwhelmed as one
+.reads what the Indonesian Govern-
ment has provided, albeit with Rus-
sian aid. The main stadium, we
are told, has accommodation under
cover for 100,000 spectators-more
t. than three' times the capacity of the
Ilrabourne Stadium. Then there is
a stadium for hockey which can
seat 25,000; the indoor stadium can
accommodate 10,000; the swimming
'stadium' can hold 8,000 onlookers;
the tennis stadium, has a, capacity
il I
,Athletes ant Politicians-~
Indonesia should be roundly spanked for allow
ing the Fourth Asian, Games to become a sordid'
exercise in violence, ill will and political idiocy.
The. rabid eagerness\ of the Communist Chinese,
and ? the Arab nations to freeze out Nationalist'
China and Israel, 'whose part was taken by Ii}dia,
cannot ,b6 condoned. But for the host to ac
gdiesce ,in these intrigues, and to permit if not:;
to provoke ' a mob assault on India's embassy ink
Djakarta, is a sad reflection on its judgment and'
maturity. Under, the circumstances, we hardly
?know whether to credit Indonesian policy or sports-",
manship for the mass bgoing which India's vie-'
torious soccer, team received as the Games, at
1Iast, ended;
k Perhaps it Is naive to believe that politics has
no place in' sports and that the spectacle of na
'tions prancing and pawing at each other,recedes
before the spectacle of 'individual skill and tour:
`age and fellowship., We so believe, despite they
;lengthening ,list of contests spoiled by politicians`
athei junk these travesties than submit to another
?lisplayflke . he dames In Djakarta.. Happily, the
' thletes the.
0,84 `a high mark' in, sportsmanship,
d th
,-
a .,r
Iltnoririg the acrimony that
id
oun
em
sw
e
 CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
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MANILA BULLETIN
`ep*s 14s 1962
ng Indonesians, who, hired tum and relax) midway in
American Bob Ackerman to the raze and then ran out
r teach them, The best they of wind for the spurt to the
e uld reach was six h des tape.
pate a pre-game AerIinmaga Et Gan 661 Y to B044 Wit.
ith th Philii t ;ie as Alas rightd
weppneeamn ia an which ' a couple of Filipino ill othe wrong, cause
stars suffered injuries and questions of judgment never.
'despite a free-for-all which', make good alibis for defeats
an' I n done s I a n started and, most of- all, It would
be pity 11 SarSpgat '
`kickers. very r sing all-around
The exclusion of Israel l athlete)j would have his
and Nationalist China was crown tarnished by suspi-
a -boon to. the Philippines, eions that can neither be
for these two countries proven nor denied.
were supposed to offer the' ' ' There were also the cases
stiffest challenge to Philip- of very poor officiating and,
pine basketball supremacy In one incident, it resulted
In, : Asia. Of course,, the in a walkout. Thailand's:
Philippine triumph was international badminton sin
'great as it was and the ales player Watannusin was
Philippine team, as it is now leading Indonesia's top bet
composed, might have beat- when the referee called
en Israel and Nationalist what appeared to Watannu-
tlnuune5la was
for this show of shows, the i ! deed
d aL
h
b
k t d
e
o
ey
rac
. honest sweat many Indone- the Philippines with
Japan
sians nnured into nlannina
English ', and French . on the
rsmiles, the-!- dazzling fire
works, the likes' of which
b
have ne
ver
een seen in
Manila, the. colorful and si-
nuous (if overlong) folk
!ian and Visayan at the same
time and brought . nostalgia
snore ? than the games,
ing Asian, spirits together..
pleasant. task to. sing pae-
'ma}velous Mona Sulaiman,
Jail and yet the baby of the
lot; to Pakistan's, Abdul'
Khaliq and the Philippines'
own Inocencia Solis, for
dent Japanese in ? every
sport; to the proud and in-
trepid Indian soccer foot
ball players who braved the
the medals to the accompa
the Philippines' own Asian
`champion Gagers, who play-
ed foolish basketball to
scare even the coach in
preliminary games; but who
ainst the most-touted chal-y
young men and women,,
born of many races and'
,'are the be-all and end-all of
country, Indonesia was China 'as easily as, the rest sin as five bad decisions.
alone in the other bracket, Still, victory might have The Thai asked for referee
because they refused to re- been sweeter, more 'satisfy- substitution, .'as was his
draw despite the failure of ing and more convincing if right, but tournament man-
; two other countries in. In-' the scalps included those of agers refused. Thailand'
donesia's bracket to send the Israelites and Taiwa- walked out of the games'
players. ,nese. and Indonesia became chain-
The results After winning These are only the most plan,
over one country, the Phil- 'glaring of the organizing In basketball, both Man-
ippines had to tangle with sins and they are matters ager Chito Calvo and Coach
Japan immediately and, ex- of fact, not of opinion. But Enrique Crame of the cham-
pectedly, lost. Indonesia, there, are others, based on pion Philippine quintet rated
which could not have beaten interpretation 'of rules or, in Korea a better team than
the ppair of Desi Ampon and one celebrated case, a ques Japan. Crame said the Ko-
Pat Yngayo even in dreams, tion of judgment, ' reans might have done bet-
did not have to play a single The cause celebrd is In- ter against Japan If only of
match before facing Japan; donesia's own Mohamad ficiating were fair.
and this for the title too. Sarengat, the winningest Of them all, however, it
So Indonesia got the si verb `athlete in the Asian Games. was Gene Puyat
cheated. For one,
medal and the Philippines He and the Philippines' Ro- settled. for the bronze, gelio Onofre set a 100-meter nthe obody told him before de-
2. Misguided Hoopla. The dash record with a time of parting for Jakarta that the
Phili had to beat three 10.4 seconds In their respec- junior flyweight classifica
PPmes tion had been scratched
eams' in its bracket to ua hive semifinals heats. In the
Iffy for the six-team final 'finals, Sarengat beat the from Antonio tournament. Hel
round. Indonesia only play field, Onofre placing a poor Opera to the I
140.7 third behind Malaya s games only to find that,
agai nst one team in the
ed d agar round and' only Opena would not be able to'
y y show his wares. He, was
for the record as they were, 1 Sarengat was acclaimed banking on O
the only teams in the brat= the fastest Asian, until g pena for "per
1
d, the Ions Philippine
- knowledgeable coaches and h
ket and were automatically
l
ualified. players started a rumble ga "
q about a "false start" They In the semifinals against'
8. Fictionized Record. The clalmed that 'the re-Coated their Japanese foes, Egina
basketball committee were Indonesian starter fired the Grafia and Catalina Arpoei
peeved at the Nationalist ,gun just as loon as Saren- scored second round knock-
Chinese hoopsters for not ggat got up from the blocks. downs, but still lost. Jose
arriving before the start of Since. there was no recall Ramirez, Jr, opened two
the games, knowing only shot
the others had no re. cuts on his opponent's eye-
,
'too well that they could not !'course but to sprint along, brows, but he suffered a.
'because the Indonesian gov-:_ but considering "all things cut over one eye. Both the
ernment would not let them.- equal a half-foot head start ! , referes and the doctor
The committee threatened is a big start in a short race thought the fight could go
to scratch them. On second as the century. The critics on, but the jury committed
thought, they let the team's claimed they noticed a simi a flagrant violation of inter-
name alone on the records lar false start in the 110- ;national rules by ordering
and declared all their ached- meter high hurdles, which the referee to stop it. The
Wed games forfeited. Sarengat also 'won. They referee, like the chief um.
Before forfeiting, they, 'also cited the case of the pire in baseball, is supposed
;'went - through the motions 80-meter women's hurdles to havo complete say on
of starting the games, shoot-.1, 1which immediately preceded when to stop a bout
frog one. basket and officially, the 100-meter dash in which There's one thing good'.
declaring the score at 2-O:M the starter, recalled the hur- Puyat learned from these
.
t got so funny, in Indone-, dles no less than three frustrations. He said the i
ia's game against Nationa- times. only way the Philippines
list China, which was, offi- - Sportsman that he Is, Don could win in international
?ciated by no less than Fely 'Antonio de ]as Alas refused scraps like these would he
LPajardo, when the Indone- to believe the false start the development and train-1
Itor the ajfi'iaiel j?0 row -~ k ficiai 'rather thought that 11 fight;
_A-,i, _,.~ _.r - tit... ..
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`Sport politics'
_ lope
EATING:
I 'JAKARTA BARED
By ERNIE SINGSON
(Fourth of a series)
ft WO n a
ZRMU11 13V Me WHIL115
tiweicome. change of pace,
troduction of "sportpoil=
complex, the clean and
healthy (if dust
) atmos-
y
sphere in .',e village, the, new
;-Of the games managers, who
i now stand accused of cheat
ing.
Consider the following In.
for Instance:
1. The tennis mismatches.
They refused to - seed the
Philippines behind Japan -in
the women's team matches.
 CPYRGIA~proved For Relec a 2000/08/27 : CIA-RDP78-03061 000100070006-9 CPYRGHT
7101MANILA BU??LETEN
opt* ]5x 1962
~ MATTER OF OPINION
Asiad Success, Failar, e
By ERNIE SINGSOO ,
(Last of a series) parts. The first: Did he,
break an id
e an unaone is r t mistake, as it was
In Jakarta, people' have fired broad questions demand- the mistake of others too,.
ing personal opinions and conclusions. was in havine too much'-
Asked and aiaswered: ' faith in the sportsmanship
tives of the international and fairness of the Indone
Was the Asian Gauzes a weightlifting federation were sians. Had he known back'
failure? (determined to "stop the here that Indonesia . was
Antonio de as Alas was rot," (4) that G.:D. Sondhl out to break a. rule, per-',
quoted in Singapore as say- went to Jakarta as an "hon- hags, he might have recom-;
ing, "After all, the games !ored" vice-president of the' mended that no delegation'
were a stunning success." A.G.F. and not as a leader be sent and the money us-
T;e , statement came from of the Indian delegation, ed be channeled instead to
a wan who might have been ,which, like other visiting stabilizing the . different;
too, 4.1ose to the fire to see . delegations, 'worried about sports associations newly
the, smoke. Let's read from the money spent and was created in implementation 3
a spF:ciat correspondent of hoping until it' wa>E too date '.' of the .,new P. .A.F. law.
the Hongkong Tiger Stand- !for withdrawal that the po- r The second: . Were thel
ard, who. mirrored the, litical questions would be practical ' co n s. i derations
thoughts of many: resolved and. the athletes worth the sacrifice of an,
The Asian Games... was would he allowed to do ideal? This only his con-
an abject.failure. The games what they went there for- science and the people, can'
which took place in the are- play; (5) that there was In- answer.
na were made to appear in-? timidation and 'coercion, as tionad he m vened the na-
,significant by the childish in the demonstrations ag~.~ Y pi c committee'
games which took place ainst Sondhi, the ugly hoot- when It became obvious'
almost nightly in the Hotel Ing of the Indiana at the do- Indonesia intended to keep
Indonesia and Press house sing ceremonies, the attacks out Israel and Nationalist:
between members of the byy the controlled press, and China, the question of with
executive committee and the threat on India's trade 1 drawal or participation'
would have been the res?
government officials. with Indonesia.
"No matter how beautiful' Anyway,' the ponsibility of :.the commit-j.
the stadium, no matter how in the class of the Japanese tee and not his, although;
If the organization ro a anda statement . that he would have announced
f the eion him-:
if the, end product is not the surrender of Bataan and selfsee c as head hceaad de of decision
given to friendship between delega
orations and better feeling orregidor" proved the Jap- :ion.
:`between individuals the rese cause right, so there ' He did call a meeting of
suit is failure, was no use for the Filipinos the committee midway in'
to resist.
r. "Such failures are inevi- the games, but then there
D
f
e
enders of Indonesia a was no quorum and the,
stable when sports and nth-
yletic competition are mani- - also say that there had been time for a general pullout'
p hated for nationalist ends. precedents of exclusion of had prescribed. As one ob.
1~1'Hitler, despite the gran- certain countries from inter-.' server said, "It is now fool-'
national . ortsfest, citin 'o
stn 8 1sh to withdraw. The indi-;
deur of the Olympic dium; failed in 1936. He the cases of the world ski vidual teams could still. gull?
failed' v.-hen he refused to championship in CJram6zrix, out at this stage and :they
,greet Jesse Owens because France, needed no sanction from de{
of colour prejudice. And 1 Again the question forgot lax Alas, but only the
the world Ieprned much ! that the French did not hide weightlifting , team was:
from this act.' ,I their Intentions to exclude called upon to do so by its
How do you evaluate anybody and that they al-; International federation. TheJ4
Indonesia's actions? lowed renaming of the Philippines withdrew and'
ames
}
First there was thi
a g
e v
, . iation of the : Asian Games!, It's like asking, "If Cain,
,charter and no amou t of." killed Abel, why can't I kill
-embassy-fed information'` my brother too?"
dressed in well-styled Eng- Let's read again from-the!
i,lish prose can justify it.. Iongkong Tiger Standard:
:. Defenders of Indonesia "One thing has been clear..
ask why there, were no ly demonstrated: Not all
;withdrawals, except that of countries have r e a c h e d
South Korea in track and' the ? level of understanding
field and all the countries in that international sports:
the weightlifting events and events are governed by in
why India did not pull out ternational regulations which
in. support of G. D. Sondhi. ,cannot be manipulated by'
The question forgot sev- Individual countries for their
_a._n
J _---- - ? --
-?I
consider
s
1
the others followed.
De lax Alas delayed call-,'
Ing the N.O.C. because he.
was, waiting for the crisisr
which was passing him by.
A n d while waiting, many,
other things had crept in -
the fear of retaliation by the r
police state that is Indone-
sia if it lost face through w
withdrawals of penalties:',
Imposed on, it and the ,',,'
"about face" the Philippine,
government executed.
`qualified countries in 1966,''
will call a council meeting.;
Nothing, Is expected morn
than it verbal condemnation
of Indonesia, or probably 4,
suspension, not an ouster..;
The records will likely re-
main in the books. ?
4 - The I.A.A.F. has reported-'
,ly refused to recognize the
+Jakarta games as the Asian'
Games and the records as j
meet records and that it.'
has decided to suspend- In
.donesia for six months. Eith-
aer the A.G.F'. will honor the
LA.A.F. decision, which will.
have to be ratified by the<
-I.A.A.F. congress, or declare
itself completely free of
(I.A.A.F. jurisdiction.
Aa for IndoVesza, it hat
;learned a lesson (it is hop 4l
too and it will be forgiven::
(
) that the maoneszans "If Indonesia had as' d' thought. the federation was
hoodwinked everybody into this basic principle much bigger than ono member r
If
the fed deration is greater
.believing Nationalist China distress and di
smay would
than the principle It, seeks
and Israel were welcome, a have been avoided, to uphold and the ideals It r
belief that, lasted until the "The shame of Jakarta, ; is pledged t( foster.
games had started; (2) that !where the final ceremony` What nextr
,the jurisdiction of the In- brought only relief would
ternational Amateur Athle- have been averted." ' ? - The troubles; of the fede-,
tic Federation was becloud- Did Antonio de las Alas ration are by no means over,
ed with doubts by the tib right by his country and but at least they , are and .
:theory of independence en- his people? w i l l - be resolved in freer;
,unciated by' Jorge B. 'Vas- The question" " ghduld climes and times. -. Thailand,
gas; _0) that_.Lha. re presenta . haver. en..-broken rwhich has announced it
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PVT M`= , 6-18 1 A0001000 0006-9
 Approved For Release 2000/08/27 : CIA-R78-03061 A000100070006-9
CPYRGHT
Athletics Federation UAAF) of the "Indonesians, all claim- 'jetted to "deplorable treat
Congress Monday decided to ing the Indonesian AAA was ment." including threats of
?,severely reprimand', the In- a very young organization, - violence from A. mob of about
donesian Amateur Athletic and that while they deplored 4,000.
Association (IAAF) for .its discrimination in any form or Indonesian delegate Sinarto<
failure to support the require- shape, they did not think it, apologized to the council if
ments of the IAAF in the. would be in the best interest his country and failed to car-
fourth Asian Games in Ja- of Indonesia if she was sus- ry out the IAAF' directives.
karta last month., nded. He said he was sincerely sorry
The IAAF council. which IA-AF secretary. Donald the athletes of Israel and. N&-
tact here during the seventh pain of Britain argued that tionallst China had not been
European track and field the Indonesian AAA was. at able to compete in Jakarta..
championships, agreed by a fault because it had not done
large majority to suspend the enough to ensure particilpa. He then went on to explain,
7.nd6nestan AAA for six tion of Israel and Nationalist that everything possible was;
months, but a British amend- China. done, despite the charges
trient to. -reduce the council- Pain said the two countries mad by the IAAF council,
decision was to a severe. re- . and that If anybody wax to
primand carried by 105 votes tes had received no identity cerde blame it was the Asian Games
to take the place of Visas
,to 72 in congress. The Indonesian authorities despite repeated requests for organizing committee, not the
were . under censure for not the necessary documents. Indonesian AAA. He also
The Indonesian authorities pointed out that it was im-.
having done to ensure claimed the identity cards had the two toteams henng they,
the Pa P been sent, but when the IAAF
land Nationalist China in the cabled for duplicates to be were denied entry visas by the
Dames after these two coun- sent they received no answer. Indonesian government.
tries had run into difficulties The council of the IAAF British delegate Harold Ab-,
'in gaining entry into Indone- is satisfied that there was de- rahams took the council to
liberate discrimination against task, Baying:'"I am not sure'
The IAAF withdrew from these two members coon- tha council has the power to
the games when , , Israel and tries," pain geld. It was suspend Indonesia,_ and while;
Nationalist China failed to pointed out to the organizing I do not wish to be rude, 2
'enter, and ' all the athletes committee that if the identity feel the council is frustrated
who. competed in the track cards were not forthcoming, beesuse it can't punish the
and field section were liable the license to hold the track real Mpryt the governr.
to suspension under IAAF and field section would be moat , a .~ 1; ,,_ _
zuiea. cancelled, but as many other
If the IAAF had suspended members teams were already,
the athletes, the Tokyo O1ym- in Jakarta,, another permit
pies in 1964 could have been for an ordinary internation$
{in jeopardy as Japanese ath. meeting would be granted it1
fetes were one of the largest order that they should not btu
contingents in Jakarta. Pa. Penalized.
kistani and Indian athletes Pain also complained that.
,would also have been barred the official IAAF observer,
[from, the forthcoming British Dr. Kinichi Asano, had dif-i
mptre and Commonwealth ficulty in contacting the er:
Games which are scheduled ganizing committee,
In Perth, Australia. The secretary also brought`
t The IAAF council met here to. council notice the treat-
`during the seventh European, meat accorded to Gunauni
track and field championships Hob of. Taiwan, an official;
ast week, and agreed to put member of the Nationalist",
,it, to the congress that the In Chinese teem. grid of. the
kionesian AA be suspended fo'Allah Games committee, whm
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onesia
rimanded
6us _.:.._._. e n s i o n vote
. By Mike Hughes
relegates from Egypt, ze' arrived at Jakarta airports,