BI-WEEKLY PROPAGANDA GUIDANCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03061A000100020010-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 7, 2000
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: September 26, 1960
• Content Type: PERRPT

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293.
294.
Sine-Soviet Tensions:
IDeveIopment
The i':ct of E:gota - 1. Significant
Innovati m in Inter -11 merican
Economic Cooperation
Significant Inc2ia-Pakistan rcc)rd
Nigeria To Become Indepen,lent
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292. The Act of Bogo#T - A Significant Innovation in Inter-American Economic
Co :ope ratio--
On 12 September 10,60, representatives of nineteen of the twenty-one
American republics (with Cuba the sole dissenter) signed the Act of Bogota --a
broad program for economic and social progress in Latin America. The Act
is an expanded version of President Eisenhower's social development plan for
Latin America, which carried the pledge of $500, 000, 000 of US financial backing.
The declaration incorporates Latin American viewpoints, such as; redoubled
activities by governments and maximum self-help efforts as well as greater em-
phasis on basic development financing and improvement of inter-American mech-
anisms for economic cooperation. The Act is a blueprint for action in four broad
areas: land reform, low cost housing, education, and health. In the area of
land reform, the Act calls for new land tenure legislation, tax measures, agri-
cultural credit, and technological improvements. Both public and private financ-
ing schemes to produce low cost housing are outlined. The education blueprint
suggests methods for improving literacy and providing needed technical and pro-
fessional training. Reduction of infant mortality, improved methods of combat-
ting communicable diseases, health insurance, and better public health facilities
nre among the measures proposed in the field of health. The meeting in Bogota
was marked by a high level of cooperation. Particularly encouraging was the
understanding between Brazil, which has been advocating its own version of
economic development planning, and the US. Also encouraging was the reception
given the assurances of Senator Wayne Morse, chairman of the Senate Foreign
Relations Sub-committee on Latin America, that the US pledge of $500, 000, 000
is only an initial investment and the US Congress will "favorably consider" con-
tinuing aid t_- the program, thus countering the cynical comment by some Latin
.Americans that US interest in the program is solely due to Castro's anti-US
a.c ti vi ties.
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293. Significant India-Pakistan Accord
Prime Minister Nehru of India arrived in Karachi on September 19 and,
with President AAyub of Pakistan, signed an agreement between the two countries
ending more tlnn 13 years of bitter dispute over the division of the waters of the
Indus River basin. Following; this historic settlement, the two leaders went to
a. Pakistani hill station to a iscuss other matters in private. The private discus-
sion will undoubtedly include the question that has caused the most acrimonious
dispute between India and Pakistan and over which they have on one occasion
been at war with one another: the question of the sovereignty of Kashmir. After
the war - more than a decade ago - they agreed to settle on each side of a
cease-fire line. An UN team moved in, and the Security Council tried. to settle
the matter but its efforts were f~ritless. An UN observation team has been in
the area ever since. Pakistan occupied the zone to the West and India occupied
the rest. It is in part of this latter area that the Chicoms have made some of
their inroads. The Indus Basin agreement signed on September 19 ended years
of effort to bring the two nations together on this issue and to conclude the huge
financing arrangements (almost a billion dollars) necessary. For this, the
_."icers of the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)
were principally responsible, notably Mr. Eugene Black, President of the World
Bank, and Mr. Ilif#, its Vice-President. Six countries (besides India, Pakistan,
the World Bank) are participating in the financing: the US, the UK, Canada,
West Germany, Australia and New Zealand. The project is designed to assure
the water supply of more than 50 million people living in an area totalling some
30 million acres. Two of the world's largest irrigation dams (one of them two
miles wide with an upstream reservoir some 36 miles long) are to be built on
the Pakistani side. Three eastern tributaries pf the Indus, flowing from Kashmir,
are gradually to be devoted to India's use as the process of constructing dams
and canals connected with western waters yields an independent water supply
adequate to meet Pakistan's requirements.
On the Kashmir dispute President Ayub during recent months has indicated
a desire to come to terms with the Indians, so that both may reduce or even elim-
inate their military forces concerned with the area. His stater' desire is that the
two armies could then come to some mutual defense agreement whereby both
could face the menace from the Chicoms in the north, who constitute a threat to
the Pakistanis but who have actually invaded northern India, including a part of
Kashmir. Nehru has always brushed these pleas aside on the grounds that he
does not wish to either take sides in the Cold War or to take part in any military
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294, NTirerza T,, Beco,_~ e Independent
On October i,1960, *Nigeria is due to became independent. Preparations
for this event, unlike those for the Congo whose independence came somewhat pre-
cipitously, have been made some time beforehand. Federal elections were held
nine months ago an:'_ the present Prime Minister, Ababakar Tafawa, is slated
to have the same position after the country's independence. His chief rival, Dr.
Nrnadu Azikiwe, is not due to become Prime Minister, because of the fact that
his party did not gain a plurality in the elections. Instead, it is planned that
he move from his present position, the Presidency of the Senate, and succeed
the Scot, Sir James !Robertson, as Governor General. Another powerful figure
in Nigerian politics is the Sardauna of Sokoto, Premier of the Northern Region.
T Isis latter region, by far the largest of the three in Nigeria (Eastern, Western,
a. z.] N:_jrthern), is predominently Moslem and ruled over with an iron fist by the
Sardauna. Tafawa, the Prime Minister, is also from the North. Nigeria will
c?:::itinue as a member of the British Commonwealth and many British public ser-
v'ints will stay on as servants of independent Nigeria. They will be almost in.d_is-
l: ~nsable; despite the preparations for independence which have been going on,
t',ere are very few trainee' Nigerians in important posts: a pitifully few engineers,
actors, dentists, for example, in a country of 36 million people. The Nigerians
will have to, and plan to, seek abroad the competence, brainpower, and means of
tr~:aining they so desperately need. A danger, unfortunately, is the absence of any
sense of nationhood over much of the national territory. To a very large section
of the population there is little, if any, allegience to Lagos, the capital; instead,
the masses look for leadership to some local feudal tribal lord or, at best, to one
::f the capitals of the three regions: Ibadan, Kaduna, and Enugu. Furthermore,
none of the present regional or federal leaders can be called a national leader
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r 1960
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