LIBERALIZATION IN YOUGOSLAVIA

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Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3
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RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
K
Document Page Count: 
38
Document Creation Date: 
December 20, 2016
Document Release Date: 
September 13, 2006
Sequence Number: 
7
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
August 24, 1999
Content Type: 
REPORT
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PDF icon CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3.pdf6.16 MB
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Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 ATIO4 IN ZU0037.04VIA 25X1 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 D. APPendi3g At Appendix 23; Appendix c: Appendix D; Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 iOi anti 4 1 Source Re renci h 1956 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 ent all is the have Aooroved For Release 2007/10/23 CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 A nnmved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 an lookiwurea are explai one or aUorf *us deaentniaixation A nnmved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 41eo correctlyudae y it op they had the d4c iting the profit t in private, by VUgoelav leadere, kitty rt1c1patian heaidea till's 'NAY have been a cautiowx tete rlat&ve atety or danger AA' srrottrary power of the (permitting multiple open voter el meetings or have been a test pulaee. The greater rt to utilize the effeetite legisla an exorcise in intra- rly prescribed in and Permitteu ret ana ty tO ye and nOe DY, bone r tho ation niOlr ther Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 4ublieis lovia's so- 10,the 4.eentrallzatlon of economic of worker management of industrial T idaw-of 2 July 1950 decreed the a?b14a 3onourrent and subsequent leg- Ina oanutaonatl-decentralization by the i &flu republio economic manistries. To rial_deaentralization was accompanied Ltate from control of the economy ty. ic is the purpose of this sur- poten-Qtalaties for a broader base nt in this organizational decontra- and t. what eXtent sueh a broader ne the eontrol of Partys trade baoatizations, which are theoret- 4ati4ili practically speaking, ub- a emanating from the Communist to review the eseentials am, rests and then to examine oning (generall)' the dis- im 1954 and 1955). In the first be made to determine *mere se independence of decision vine tne role of Partys trade Union, s 'worker management" of enter- a belaboring of propositions .auchs procedure nevertheleba truths and contradictory on the subject,) Qbvioas iew of tlY p? pointed out that there is no inherentcontra- Party Leadership's granting 'eater freedom re and the iron law" requiring perpetuation power. In feats inasmuch as the new eco- ituted f'4n4m above and not apparently forced it may be aesumed that the new freedom W as intonded to strengthen the leaders' t to jaapardise it, This freedom may way af achieving the long-standing o productions though it BOOMB true -is goal* of industrialization or atandaned. The new way is to Annmved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA--RoP78-02771R000200330007-3 or illusory ince vets to by * system of worker management ntlY Arieby an article of Januarv 19550 written by RadivoJ Uaiic, feohor at the University of de , Yugoslav Minister to Norway. The B 4.11 #tuthoritative official ugoslav n fc,r non-Communist readers, and shows ugoslev regime would approve. It can Golartt of the theory and includes recent Law which forme the basis of Uvalic's ti tVe AccOOntltscorroborated by -.Ln- d observers, though it leaves muah 'tangto Vvalic, turned ver the prc31*rty to the workpeople" with- io of public property, "which as * whele.' Thus though fes- shave appeared, as will be extend t he matter or private owner- vr41.104 non-malgent. on was on a broad scaleallegedly mining, cemmunications, trsnport, restry? and other economic enterprises.* previovs ystem a relatively small tia# state authority exercised deci- tion of the economy and were able for the possibility of measures ate of society as a whole." These be laral avoided in worker admlnietra- or andel eking ar, not sufTiciently c'.4e oe eb/e to ioee their will If an undertaking'sroductin t attuned to he needs of d to modify them by the mar tion from other under - enjoys a mOnopoly, it oejtad, and continue to exc p eeterpr'ies but nevertheless ly. 8 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 ket as the State adaptability in f reduce lower prices. to Qv lic's vertent con- the worker maz*gment system cannot th ) intendod sub tantiallI to repa3e trot and administration of in- s the workers' council. The mom- re elected by all the factory ecret ballot and varY in num - egoording to the size of this enter - Oloots a management committee to act committee Wiries in el** from 3 to ffieio the plant manager. AasationB rkerpertiettiation in management Is percent *r the members of the man- dra4n frnm employees directlY sallAfid it f each component involved tee ricers council, management 10,44, by Walls as loalewel the management committee and agars, the worker,-' council tmportent matters, such as d Alamo sheet of the undertakIng 'dinuthe administration of the omd reporting on the reports of es., studying the more important urms to be taken, distributing the tits undertaking's not income and I, responsible for various drafts of the basic plans, proper fonotioning or the undertaking for internal organization and job steps to promote production and of workers and officials and for octitn of workers, social insurance, also responsible for the execution 4 manageMent or the undertaking.... ex officio a member of the management he Is anewerablo. MI *moo* workers Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 irIrrrrw-T 7 of4o4a4s in the undertaking except 3,-0,4441,41114014440n is made. Me is also decisi4Jaa respeeting dismissal. Workers voiOn-rAght to appeal to management Undertsag egainat any decision re- ;and tho eennitteets decision is 4,4f tho undertaking is responsible *Airs =0 officials to various posts He also conoludes ,the werking capital under the 4Wmoe with the resolutions of the rmeaager also represents the 14;40,0414eaeuthorities and in rola- * e,bodies corporate. If he luxlen of the management committee 4.1r,the.general plan he must with- Pue),14c euthority concerned, which " n within ten days." of workers council powers in to hire and fire managers, dietri- clients* workers, and the man- ty-for reporting infractions of ooncerning practices in the roe wiX1 be further elaborated. 001414 be noted thAt there seems to be no clear line tipption ampng SaMe at the reepensibilities of the workers, 11 and thoscot the manage's-. and Walla lists this among AS a, problem roquirirmi $4014404; m**apw rtplations .4111 hay to define more clearly 100, rulactIcina of t44 **4-44444 organs, particularly those Somm4.44o0a Sind manager* of undertakings. se halve eQmetImes some into conflict, the *tanager has tried to settle mettera 40..014,4,the eamagement comMittee or oimilattee has underestimated menagerts functions." It ac,,count of the system that each inavIdual enterpriseoitios autonomy also by determining nails and as adf noted, 'by' the distribution of ae 0464nSA of profits. Waite also states without elaboration that enterprises enter into contracts with other enterprises Independently. 111040* sr, timid Saco/ding to the volume of production and prices planned by the ontorprioo. Aligbor trod* union bod 10 Annroved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 t Annroved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 g Orka, 111144. allocation too is charac- argil needs ofsociety-. " It is not work ega heve_for_choosing to contribute imor4veiliente? apart from local pride or ii-t, Uvalic is vague on this point, t the workers participate here too in ,publie WarkS will be utilized. ougp whieb workers participate leg- la known 40 the council of producers, by tha Constitutional Act of Feb- a besond house of the legislature QMoting Uvalic ils of produ s s in industry, a commerce. In common with the district all matters in the and may undertake the their own initiative. f representatives of n to their contri- tory of the town nal system no n at district, ut the agreement d officials who duction and exchange 2the produceric part of the una al, and in the eoun- in decisions through developed annual economic individual enterprises in e importance in determining the octal freedom. It will be useful to this Qmatter since his discussion standarg view, again corroborated ndependent observers, but diffi- aa init4Or of practice, rkers has led to social plan worked longer fiXes the iled provisions re- nd so forth, as waa %ion, only the 12 AnnmvedForRelease2007/10/23:CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 ? e social plan, out the plan_ s Galled plan- is drawn up by is and by the the partici- er the new The general n of the total rds for the Cum types of out the yearly their net undertakings tment re- ulsory M- N' de- .sources hatitutions are being and ob- to its with the thus become iTch more flexibl sent ofessential sear ee-ordination of is it leaves enough t wide initiative in *. Sash undertaking basis of its obliga- view to the most =or lvities and the rational at it disposal. Contracts Avis. or abroad are b te undertaking for the fulfil- Ii ? iuci*l plan to which under- to conform undoubtedly places cer- *dowse of management. It should vox, that these limits are con- at the undertakings's income Nismachasees if the nation, which 4i-economic organisation in the 1th the compulsory performance tlos4i0ere4 to be essential to the waish the necessary caveats aro 13 AnnrovedForRelease2007/10/23:CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 in qu ti to ons ted Ise- ngs note since it n as much t has as. aooinl plan.v ait would appear ractical dole matters to the tion of several of a attempted below ism* and, in some ntereated observer even though not Oemplete insight. These 41 etermination of wages Lr e* market economy; deter. Wed) method of establishing / the annual economic plan holars& students, the operation ?w and often which might the observers and enter- sal of em- ation of the theory observations, but urate approximation of from biased Yugoslav eaat any single unbiased observer. an be Lhai..kea against Uvalic's assertions re the original provisitn tiele provided for bra "competent state .(in e3elt-aontradictory statement) was slsatod by the workers' council PubLte authqJ.t, but went on to sky that Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 15 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 -400Paretion. OU r -i.t10-11Pasfa4 PrOduOtion th fuctury managers have served to 44Poot of power of workers' eouncils ars cited as being in extremely ner- lositlg Lhoir positions, and often etween trying to plus. the workers' goverseuultal authorities above them. high.incidonce or dismissals of man- thrtat a fed-oral intervention to save ,little doubt about the exercise rise auton?wy. how4revalently or on what pGunde but a frequent y noted phenom- legailAperhaps in teehnieal-admin- *ism' souncil in the joint meet- naps to be expected that Inas- ttor ecamated and technically 11* would frequently dominate, rai.ivis matters. This domination lcials+ They present it pri- Olea emad point to the fact that r elements of **enemies and man- 444 of sophistication of workers re them for a more genuine voice fr.nstainces of manager domination, ess4.un 440t the workers have not real- - *rely do not exercise it out of out of baseless fears of of- Wt reasons may well have an ele- will be discussed more exten- crvor,4hoso atm seem to have been pra?tiueaf worker menagesbent ac?eptable oonclusion that there i3 a the poect.Loet in some factories the 4icAltiati.ati a passive workers' council; ils ere quite active and have a con- 4,414 . tiag pr.Leles, Walla's implication free .to set prices seems true with 311-sla own (r'egar'dingindirect .ding o one responsible source, the oallings on some commodities' L4/ e understandable concern with pre- 04,4uruo: coneludes that enterprises icors and initiative within the as-aye's of the oountry; For Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 a re44v?wages well under the ha industryin which they are ve "IX oVer the "staximumal. cf Uwe extremes Possible, wages to the Medi Jugeslevonski oftre LA percent above the maxi - Areaat seining faotcrj near an, 4 EAMAMM wage of b,000 dinars 41ved only 3,5Q0 to corroborate or contradict sp's 'can produce what they like. vre limitations of what a fac- -i wiAat it is committed by the via., in the establishment of new autpices Idiacussed below), one might udt of choice on what is to be pro- s on private initiative coriesondent of the .n,kr Zak Xl4afs, have been issued whose sit iduals to form enter- : viviestors will have ehterpri by virtae of their r4n by ?ricers Council accord- the local People's Committee. shga, in the profits it any, Their only privilege is to with- wi-Q1 intereet which would be no 1114 rate. Investors also will used Wy the enterprise: it will *QP1,10?elommittee. At Large scale enterprises will t rather smaller, handicraft number of people will con- toots tald will have an opportun- Inlmoters have the assurance ode of time the enterprise will terviews with Yugoslays involved timid to confirm the existence of *yet's. orroorates at least the fact control on the part of enterprises 2,61 Annrnved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 44 dixeat control over luta or of their operations .44W enterprise, the Committee forms sing about a and grants it tor/. Onoe 147 becomes and competes by the re- ttees, oaa grant of rate so that, rims offer- the seven has raised Or, is that ter a bus time an economic c law rquiring conformance flttLLtZ&tiOfl is doubted not a. What all observers agree a?matter of decI.ding voliane yea frau the olnter to a as to ahat the various sectorti to the production capae- sio proportion* evoLved with participation, cn the enterprise level al People's Committees to the federal level. What rieus investigators is the social plan, its federal givermawn Approved For Release 2007/10/23 CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 - 4 vs yatern, the for operations its tuLt&Jrit ti The s and from the in doeu as one harlesed c plan is The 'bas ude a limited tot a large n specific on bank credit enterprise except t and a flexible ally included as s an Integral are an incredibly exchange regu- I economic ning to a Corn- their he autono. in noes of disagree- is only fair to s between plan- cede the final d by the Federal ible de u4ritine of the plan vary in aacrIbin&-in v' way more control to VarliMant without oein4abi. precisely to define ighich thia iu exeralsed !van these more inadvertently admit the dependence on local 44iitlitive. _li-getion there is a possibilitythat sts rom*In* in effect, mandatory. In Progosea plans Party and trade union eterpries 444 tarty oominance In the local 20 Aooroved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23 : CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 ehrsroe &nt insure acceptance of Ahether this is a trul reflection it mist be emphasized, is hypo- * is lasking. Mich would de- temminable conferences" to which litagth would seem to suggest ed= of eat-and-dried, uncOntest- re. Furthermore, the amount prises and local organm exer- would seem at variouse with dietary, central directive h factors as the existence ible prices and competition d possibly kind of production, row enterprises, and the d seem to limit absolute (mita Plan. 40 esergss of enterprise autnomy in in some aspeets of determination aonslrieroble variation from enter- al though limited freedom for foam central government direc- it is pertinent to ask whether the worker population at large, tion of it only, omnipresent in LippLoatus. Uvalic does not discus L3 * dutiful doctrinaire he or_becwust) an a propagondist writing a *too difficult to explain tit aye-44a dlaciusalan. onomic as well ae any of iftsobservers asaumption while others party dominance is imple- flirty domination is the r officials themselves of s. Such evidence serves piotro which a000v1t4 like Wallets find it over a and tailing statementof such 'hidden' vantage at the A nnrnved For Release 2007/10/23 CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 1,4104 ia 4v0' 4:o1nf4 au4 )'44i) oUtalltted .0 working organize tbi Veins looked on generally rs' Interests* the unions A. trade jets of inde- asionally con- levio eearetary goner 4tion* told me We draw , if ,aoy non-union men get 11- .istakes have been reported. (350 .workers' councils* 300 4 mitgiff Placed before workers; lairOtent464 of Party members 0 asteatIy. Prom toy own ex- wage about 60 percent. of conforMitY. a oh batwaea ualOn and Party Is 44 is liaison between union and 4r140.40 important Matters ached - rkeraJ council are first dis- izattoon. Tripto Sindik* se..- Afliofl organleation* told me anged some 40 different workers council members of ght take issue is d on-general y as e*t. It IA hard to be- onib in his light though it It would be difficult to etatement on the control ling 1114 briest ststment aioalakia recently* sought the wcvekors on the workers' council 2sautions with Yugoslav officials. 1440-flamer* voles in management 4.4.1s* they asserted* were domi- and a non-Party member felt a to question Party decisions. 44 by saying that such an oAd system of centralized realise that they Gould havo Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 4 ng admitted the o s' COUnUB, the f not disingenuously, at !Petty* in the nista) by uced as a s dis- courses offered re ostensibly given good reason to indoctrination and could be workers to sup- trade union. ounnil memberb may be an instance not clear. oyirpriea is evident in yet on- e* aolm.131044,aia the lo*al organs of ted 00uo.Wert41e power over the enter- the.s.*AWr.a taxation. What Walla t the ddasemal of the people's council 08 tmposiod by the People's Com- twdeubt Neol's assertion(corrob- tee peoplo's cammittees g power, sometimes wisely, some- al ..11 level* is, for practical Party and Party-approved Qrgani- rpX1sea ini;ais awaner, too, ars Party con- lo obamixv tion cif i.e MMA41# t& thut ha la atlon Aubj.astto Giant la a foci' t? is further assumed that is "political to have any the Communist discipline. To ?neurone. of Party n oonditio in Yugo- the country. Dospite by Party and Party on cannot be made funotionally is a Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 r. terPr4A0 Wed Ind* 4tre1 &overflown th440 deviations# on oe nct 3.ue id, the mrer PartY deviations could to 00014r. ive triem log- and. rtY d Beam Qt an enter - onal pay bontuJ people's or pu.1ic pro- -and conflict in of managers. Assum- the stamp of approval ttees), it seem counoll has ame =lager. ?rned4 et MOM- ariralgg tIr m041- nal era f w ricer's' suah MeMberahlp.) s (among tarty ter of some un- the exietence y leadership, =onto suah con- noted by an cb- reality of 4 4 - vklilw* arec ri- c4444 ii441 bsrvera seemed vi efod that Ole A40(er terpriase within their goo- , mil4414 a4Voligh taxation* erratically Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 GaU.z'ailLation meaiures in the torahip - a graupe are weatarn-type introduation in, government btedly trial mono or resu t and to to enter- tion n- nt ot- oeei1rnw ad the tive some form people's *es not seem imputed fed- nting cen- provid d dropped. ales of "aSsociatl ns as Chambers of which he describes h are allegedly or the enterprises thir..mmtaliprisels of Witt= in VI* 25 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Cr obi. more con- V1 ups. ImPU444t101 1 GomPeting pressure groups in-Zaat oniinforced by the phenomenon called Tiroaaltsgs" in the citation above) bean P4iallalau acknowledged by Yugoslav arlaiomi oat :of ,decentralization and has Obaa444xa. ,? It kaa undoubtedly been of tliihu central controls. ''Parti- 14.1a0 of local nationalism, in- Cilbala rivalries existing in loaal pride superseding national one's community translated into Ity at the expanse of t *OM from the eanter4 on the strength and blies of Yugoslavik, economic docentra- raised a question e to the danger of a *demi and republic possibility. As ld on all sections a lane time --they however, arisen Wilts,' by which industrial unit& profit at the non has been to aaxianizatiori at the expense of Lally true where alty government and ir production to vs call this 'sachem* in ho process of If aanUO.10,4 may presage a reintro- 26 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 This latent inferring eative, tion on es have r*ta1ted In tT and power of clo- the eentxL1 govern- r1 themselves. 0 there # to SOM2 voice c bowle- d con- needa ation c are ere, ed Ore, vim& in be the reseed led 1 cult trallKst on ion4 It ly remmAns Lows but lower ,11144 clear. The conointg pend an other important a ng individual initiative Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 entral,44434n and th worker management tivo d economic demo- conoeaiona in the I' ctdowub . However, whatever Qr,41111,1mmodlato post or can ham to doubt that it is a fo_o the reason that central 4.1.tiseo has boon curtailed, tiat thororore the possibil ty vomont policY has gain**. Et8 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 V c;, Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 A. ? roved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 34 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3 6 . Approved For Release 2007/10/23: CIA-RDP78-02771R000200330007-3