VIETNAMESE IN NZ CELEBRATES NEW YEAR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 22, 1998
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: March 4, 1967
• Content Type: NSPR

CPYRGHT
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
ietnamese in NZ
:elebrates New Year
e Colombo Plan, remembered
phaned children back in their
ar-torn homeland when they eel-
,rated the recent Vietnamese
~w Year.
A concert to mark the festival,
csented with traditional gaiety
id color in the New Zealand
pital, Wellington, by Young Viet-
:mese men and women who are
_tdying; at universities in Wel-
tgton, Auckland, Christchurch
.d Dunedin, resulted in more
an f (NZ) 140 being raised for an
phanage In Qui Nhon in Binh
all Province.
New Zealand is well known in
if Nhon through the work of a
,,ilian medical unit which has
en established in the area since
63. It is- hoped to appoint five
sw Zealand trade training in-
-uctors to the Qui Nhon Poly-
rhnic in the near future.
On Two Nights
Performed on two nights in the
udents' Union "Little Theatre"
Victoria University of Welling-
n, the concert-an expression of
atitude by students to their New
gland hosts-was the sixth to be
dd annually in the. city and, both
date. - .~._...
A varied and entertaining pr
am included traditional son
d dances, guitar duets, don
tdying electrical engineering
ickland University.
iristchurch.
Way of Contact
lice contact with you in our tra-
.ions and culture," said the as-
,iate, Trinh Khanh Tuoo, at the
it of the concert. "In turn, we
here In Now 7,ealnnQ eat only
academic knowledge but also
social and spiritual knowledge,"
Also studying at Canterbury
uversity, Mr. Trinh, from Sat-
n, is specializing in chemical en-
rhere are now nearly 90 Viet-
mose students, most of them Co-
mbo Plan award-holders, in New
aland. Thirteen young men and
o women--from Saigon, Dalat,
uan, Nhatrang and Que-re-
itly arrived in the country to
in studies at various univer-
ies this year.
tdents from south Viet Nam
-re very fortunate to be in New
aland and a fund-raising ges-
~e such as - this was the most
ictical method to remind stu-
nts of their obligations to their
rhythmic curve in all forms of
slim art is so significant that I
curve finds the fullest scope
expression.
ureshi was addressing the
ed by the AUB on "God and
in Contemporary Islamic
roofs and domes of the building
that were designed.
Supporting his statement, Qu
reshi said that the Taj Mahal Is
actually looked upon as one of tho
greatest masterpieces of architec-
ture. "What catches the eye," he
said, "is the nobility of the struc-
ture, its graceful and feminine
beauty, its charm, its glitter and
Malaya U. to Offer
Course in Japanese
The University of Malaya ha
accepted an offer from the Japa
nese Government to establish
course in Japanese studiesat th
The offer consists in the Japa-
nese Government sending three
1;~oe6fQOtC1Ci
Jordan to Raise
Standard of Press
imitation of freedom of press, any
ype of nationalization, or state
urisdiction over the press."
The press, he added, "is an in-
proposed organization, we would
be ready for that," according to a
e prediction that dinosaurs
ay soon return to roam the earth
he University of British Columbia,
Dr. Cowan said that cells of ex-
fight be able to reproduce them.
Deoxyrlbosenucleic Acid
CPYRGHT
India Survey Shows
Sherif Abdul Hamid Sharaf, Jordanian Minister of Information, told
a press conference in Amman on Feb. 25 that his ministry was making
a special effort with newspaper owners to raise the standard of the
J d
or anlan press.
His ministry aimed at making
the press match progress achieved
n Jordan, both economically and
socially, he said.
The Ministry of Information was
lasing its effort on merging several
cress establishments for greater
!fficiency, technically and finan-
ally, Sherif Abdul Hamid added.
Fewer Papers
Fewer papers would be issued,
he Minister said, making for
igher informative and cultural
andards and facilitating distribu-
on abroad.
There are now four Arabic dai-
ewa erv,c done in Amman. An English-
VIETNAMESE GIRL SINGING A LOVE SONG-Beside a backdrop t language daily Is published in
rural scene in south Viet Nam, Miss Ngo Ill Le Dung, from Saigon, at Jerusalem. Four Jordanian .. fr.
traditional Vietnamese lave .....a a. - ,.,_- ..___ - _
0 and 11. Miss Ngo recently arrived in New Zealand to study! r, on F. I ltlicat existingwill licenses for press
)agree at Victoria University. publications be cancelled after
March 21 under a provisional press
and publications law which be-
came effective on Feb. 21.
This law stipulates that applica-
tions must be submitted for new
licenses. The capital of a daily
51111111011@TU!l riodicai 5,000 dinars
m cash, printing equipment or
both.
A daily newspaper should have
at least four editors and eight
pages. At present daily papers
have six pages.
11 Restrictions Denied
Brain Drain
Won't Affect
Research
India's scientific and technolog-
ical programs would not be af-
fected seriously either now or in
the near future by the "brain
drain," a survey done for India's
Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research indicates.
According to a report in the
Statesman, the study, carried out
by the council's .research, survey
and planning organization, says
that the large percentage of mal-
employment and underemploy-
ment of qualified scientists actually
gave the "impression" that the
country could dispense with the
services of those who have left or
are leaving to take up positions
abroad.
This "impression" is strength-
ened by the further finding that
scientists, engineers and physicians
In India are accorded a status and
salary that compares unfavorably
with those enjoyed by the Central
Government's administrative staff.
In support of these conclusions,
the study notes that 18.6% of the
nation's total pool of 713,000 sci-
entists and technical personnel
were malemployed and another
10.4% were unemployed. While the
annual outturn of scientists and
technical personnel was 80,000, In-
dian scientists abroad on the role
of national registers numbered
some 12,000. .
Buddhist Conference
To Be Held in Dacca
The Pakistan Government an-
nounced on Feb. 22 that it will
hold a world Buddhist conference
in the near future in Dacca, capital
of East Pakistan, one of the largest
HE -
inosaurs May Roam Earth
gain, Scientist Predicts CPYRGHT
found perfectly preserved in the
perma-frost of Arctic areas.
Scientists have already repro-
duced some extinct species by
breeding back from their modern
counterparts
In Switzerland scientists have
recreated the auroch-wild ox-
that once inhabited most of Eu-
rope, Dr. Cowan said.
"There is a suggestion that DNA,
r deoxyribosenucleic acid, is the
said.
"If frozen meat remains good
cef
-pia a 6ti000206QA3la
The Wild Ox
"The auroch is the ancestor of
the modern cow. Until recently it
was extinct, but scientists recre-
ated it by interbreeding all varie-
ties of the domestic cow." The
primitive wild horse has been re-
 CPYF ~tized - Approved For RCtI P78-O1634ROOO2OOO U?g4H arch 4, .I
Indonesia Fears
New Red Plot
Acting Indonesian President u ar o this week warned
that diehard "remnants" of the outlawed Communist Party
may be plotting another attempt to seize power in the
country.
The warning by General Su-
harto coincided with another by
Maj. Gen. Amir Machud, mili-
tary commander of Djakarta,
against any attempt to "sabo-
tage" General Suharto's policies.
It coincided with testimony by
a Communist leader at the
treason trial of former Army
Brig. Gen. Supardjo that the
Communist underground was
planning action.
In a written address to. a meeting of officials in.his office,
General Suharto said: "According to confiscated documents,
it is clear that remnants of the Partai Communist (PKI) will
continue to prepare a coup in Indonesia."
more than 30,000 American troops.
He agreed that. Communist rebefactions had sprung up in Thai-
land, but blamed this on
Americans.
Leaders of the governing Con-
gress Party decided this week to
act fast and choose their next
Prime Minister March 12. Party
President Kumaraswami Kamaraj
met with the party high command
in Parliament. The last session of
the old Parliament begins March
13 to pass an interim budget. A
Congress Party source said that
by naming the Prime Minister
beforehand, the lame-duck session
would know with whom Parlia-
ment would have to deal. for the
next five years. Attempts are
being made to have the newly
elected leader confirmed without
controversy and so strengthen the
party and its leaders. In results
from last week's election, the Con-
gress Party has won 277 of the 520
seals in Parliament.
INDONESIA
The Government made public a
statement this week declaring that
President Sukarno had yielded
power to the country's strongman,
General Suharto, on his own initi-
ative. The statement said that
President Sukarno's first proposal
to General Suharto was rejected.
General Suharto and other mili-
tary commanders then declared
they would not initiate any more
meetings with him. The President's
decision to hand over all executive
powers was made Feb. 20, and
officially announced two days later.
The statement said President
Sukarno had ordered the delay
until he felt the proper time had
arrived.
JAPAN
The Economic Council, an ad-
visory organ of the Government,
proposed in its final recommenda-
tion last week that the nation's
economic growth rate be kept at
an average 8.3 per cent annually
in real terms during the five-year
period from 1987 to 1971. The
average rise in consumer prices,
according to the recommendation,
will be 3.8 per cent annually.
Kazutaka Kikawada, chairman of
the council, is expected to submit
this recommendation to Prime
Minister Eisaku Sato immediately
after It is approved by the coun-
cil's general meeting this week.
This is the fifth recommendation to
be made since 1955 by the council,
which is officially a national eco-
nomic planning consulting organ
of the Economic Planning Agency.
CAMBODIA
Chief of State Prince Norodom
Sihanouk said last week that North
Viet Nam has no intention of de-
escalating the Viet Nam war to get
talks going with the United States.
The Prince was citing Mai Van Bo,
North Viet Nam's representative
in Paris. In response to other ques-
tions from newsmen, the Prince
said that Thailand was no longer
OKINAWA
The confusion over the bills
aimed at curbing political activi-
ties by teachers ended last wee
when the Legislative Assembly de-
cided to shelve them until the end
of May. Speaker Akio Nagamine
met with the leaders of the opposi-
tion parties and the representa-
tives of the Joint Struggle Council
which organized the demonstra-
tions which blocked the opening
of the Legislature and agreed t
shelve the controversial bills until
the last day of May. They also
agreed to adjust the difference o
opinions between the ruling party
and the opposition on the .bill,.
after June and-scrap the bi1T If
the adjustment efforts fail.
BURMA
A high-level North Vietnamese
diplomatic mission is in Rangoon
at a time when United Nation
Secretary General U Thant i
vacationing in his homeland. But
the purpose of the North Viet-
namese mission is shrouded in
The
Last week, in Hyderabad, India
the Nizam of Hyderabad, once on
of the richest men in the world
died at the age of 80.
In his heyday in the 1920s an
1930s as the absolute ruler of
princely Indian state twice the siz
of New York and with a populatio
of 15 million, the Nizam was th
world's richest miser. He was s
rich that he didn't know how ric
he was, and he was so pinchpenn
that he knew to the rupee ho
much his few suits and shoes cost
Project Money
However, the Nizam was penu
rious chiefly with himself and wit
his family. He spent lavishly o
pomp and he also poured mone
into projects furthering the eco
nomic and social development o
his state.
The Nizam's annual income we
at least $50 million. He is repute
to have spent many of his leisur,
hours dipping his arms up to th
elbows in chests of diamonds, can
eralds, rubies and pearls. He ha
three wives and 42 concubines, an
so many children that he once sal
he had never bothered to coo
them. He possessed a fleet of high
priced cars, but personally rod
around Hyderabad in an old For,
touring car,
The Nizam's frugal Inclination
fortified him for his old ago. I
INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY-At the armed services parade held
(n: Cdl~i 'lisLr earlier this month to mark the 19th anniversary of
pe d ~~~rrr-}r f?i phant, the mascot of one of the army regiments, goes
past the saluting dais, Its trunk held aloft in salute.
ecrecy. U Thant told reporters he
ad been informed of the mission's
rrival but declined to comment
then asked if it had come, to meet
lm., Heading the North Viet-
amese mission to Rangoon is
olonel Ha Van Lau, Hanoi's chief
epresentative to the International
ontrol Commission .in the.-North
[Vietnamese capital.
ACAO
According to the Times of Lon-
on, a source in Macao reported
ast week that the small outlying
islands of Taipa and Coloane
have virtually been taken over by
ro-Communist Chinese. It was
an incl dent
n Taipa wtiieh started the politi-
cal crisis in Macao last NovWffiber.
e source said local Chinese on
he islands were boycotting the
ortuguese police and had taken
ver distribution of the welfare
ice ration slips normally handled
by the police. However, In Macao
ity conditions were said to be
back almost to nornsal, though the
olice were taking , less action
against petty offenders for fear ofl
setting off more trouble.
PAKISTAN
Mohammad Ayub Khuhro,
former Defense Minister, last week
joined the Pakistan Muslim
League, because, he said, "Pres1-
dent Ayub sets the tone of modera-
tion and open-mindedness, in ad-
dition to providing a stable and
confidence-inspiring leadership."
Announcing the decision, Mr.
Khuhro, who has also been the
Chief Minister of the former prov-
ince of Sind, said in a press
statement: "I have taken the de-
cision ... after a long and painful
appraisal of the political situation
in-the -c ou ntiyi?harctf enn d-4rf' my=
close examination that the Gov-
ernment at thetop is sensitive to
public opinion and willing to listen
to constructive advice."
MALAYSIA
Deputy Premier and Defense
Minister Tun Abdul Razak last
week described Malaysian ex-
penditure on defense as the abso-
lute minimum to preserve stability
Nizam is Dead
the end, the Indian Government
took over his feudal state and put
him on an allowance of $900,000 a
year.
In his youth, however, the Nizam
was known for his high spirits and
erudition. He rode elephants in
silver howdahs and glided about in
Rolls-Royces. He drank whisky,
which made him exceptional
among Muslims, and he had his
own jazz band.
High Splendor
He also lived in unexampled
splendor in castles and palaces that
were filled with gems. In his prime
the Nizam entertained the world's
potentates and served dinner on
plates of gold.
The British regarded the Nizam
as "premier prince of India" and
treated him with all the respects
due a monarch.
Despite his seeming profligate-
ness, the young Nizam was by
nature stingy and shrewd. He
found that he had inherited a
creaky and corrupt administration,
and he set out to do something
about it.
This is a side of his nature that
Is generally not known abroad.
The Nizam fired corrupt officials,
set up an efficient Government and
began a series of public works in-
intricate irrigation system that
opened up areas for cultivation.
He was devoutly religious but
secular in his outlook. He treated
the majority of the population,
Hindus, the same as he treated
Muslims. He employed able men
from outside the state to run the
state affairs and build his projects.
He founded the Osmania Uni-
versity and experimented ? with
education in Urdu.
Achievements
By 1944 he could look back at
his achievements and say with
satisfaction: "The last few years
have been years of prosperity."
But then, with a suddenness that
broke his heart, the rush of the
postwar years caught up with the
Nizam.
When independence and parti-
tion came, the Nizam wished to set
up an independent state, but was
thwarted. The Indian Government
permitted him to keep his titles
and his possessions, but his pride
was deeply hurt.
Deeply hurt, the Nizam shut
himself in his palace. He turned
most of his property into a trust
to provide for his relatives. And
for the last 15 years of his life he
was rarely seen in public.
Thus, last week, died a lonely
old man, once almost a legendary
nd a good climate for devel
ent. He was answering
arliament a member who
uoted an editorial in the Ti
f London criticizing Malaysia
pending too much on defense.'
azak said the Times was in
osition to say what the an
efense plan was. "It Is the p',
I this Government not to ha,
arge defense force, but one si
Tent to defend our borders
ur shores and to look after
nternal security," he said. "V
alaysia we have a large coast
and very long borders to prof
t has not been our intention
eplace man for man the Comm
ealth forces who were serving
ast Malaysia."
SRAEL
Two Israelis were wounded
three and a half hour boi
lash last week between Jordan
nd Israeli forces about 20 m
ortheast of Tel Aviv, accorc
to an Army spokesman. The el
tarted when a Jordanian bor
ost opened up with small a
re on a team of Israeli survey
working near the Jordan
border, he said. An Israeli iron
olice unit returned the fire,
doled. According to the spol
man, three successive deadli
United Nations military obser
were ignored by the Jordania
JORDAN
Jordan will retain an emb
in Cairo in spite of the recall o
Ambassador, it was announce
Amman last week by For
Minister Abdullah Salah, who
that the Ambassador had been
called because of "foul we
used by President Nasser a
King Hussein in a recent sp
The Foreign Minister went o
accuse the United Arab Rep
of smuggling arms into Jorda
tamper with the nation's secu
Mr. Salah declined to spec
about the likelihood of a mov
the-UAR. in retaliation for the
call of the Jordan Aral
ass
but similar action is expected.
SYRIA
The Government charged
week that Israel's attitude to\
the Israel-Syria Mixed Armi
Commission "constitutes a
defiance of the United Na
authority and continues to
threat to the Middle East." S
Ambassador to the UN Georg.
Tomeh, In a letter to the Presi
of the Security Council cite
evidence of this "the condo
Israeli authorities In the corn
sion, the statements given by
during and after its meet: r
their threats and incitement
war, and their continued an
provocation."
CEYLON
A bench of three judges o
Supreme Court this week imp
fines of 1,000 rupees (about $
on Walter Anthony Torismun
Souza, the editor of the Tim s
Ceylon, and' on the Time
Ceylon Limited. Mr. de Souza
Mr. S. B. Yatawara, a direct
the company, appeared in coo t
a rule issued by the Sup c
Court to show cause why
should not be punished for
tempt of court arising out o
publication of a speech mad
Mrs. Bandaranaike, leader o
Opposition.
NORTH KOREA
The Government this
warned Communist China tha
would have to bear all the
sequences if she continued
friendly acts against the P
yang regime. The spokesman c 1
for an immediate end to wh t
described as the false propag
and defamatory campaign in v j;
in China against North Kore
said that Chinese attacks o
Marxist-Leninist line adopte
the North Korean Comm
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634ROO0200050003-2
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
CPYRGHT
UPI Photo
CALCUTTA PROFESSORS PARADE-Pressing for the implementation
of a promise for a uniform and higher grade of salaries for all college
and university faculty members, lecturers and professors all over India
observed a day of silent protest on Jan. 31. In Calcutta teachers under
the auspices of the West Bengal College and University Teachers Asso-
ciation held a silent procession through the main streets of the metropolis.
India Considers
Compulsory Service
A committee set up by the Indian Government to study national
service for students has recommended compulsory national service
for university students "which will have far-reaching effects on the
educational system in the country," says the Asian Student Pulietin,
New Delhi.
The five-member committee was
set up at the instance of the Prime
Minister. The committee consisted
of representatives of the Ministries
of Home, Defense and Education
and the National Cadet Corps
(NCC). The committee's report is
being studied by the Prime
Minister.
National Service Corps
The new scheme, called the Na-
tional Service Corps (NSC)
scheme, is estimated to cost Rs.100
million ($13.33 million) annually.
The committee said that either
the proposed National Service
- Corps or the existing National,
Cadet Corps should be made com-
pulsory to all male university stu-
dents. It should be voluntary for
girls, the committee said. The com-
mittee has suggested enforcement
of the National Service Corps
scheme in all universities by an
Act of Parliament. It recommended
that the Act, should specify com-
pulsory participation of male uni-
versity students in either the
proposed National Service Corps or
the National Cadet Corps.
The Act should also stipulate
provisions of adequate time for the
National Cadet Corps or the Na-
tional Service Corps as well as for
normal academic work by reducing
the present number of holidays
and vacations and by rearranging
terms suitably.
New Department
The committee suggested crea-
tion of a new department for the
National Service Corps headed by
a secretary, considering the im-
portance of the scheme. Once the
National Service Corps gets going,
the department could take over
the National Cadet Corps also, it
said.
In view of the importance of the
new program and the many diffi-
culties it has to encounter, the
committee suggested creation of
a national committee for the Na-
tional Service Corps to be pre-
sided over by the Prime Minister
and including the Central Min-
isters of Education, Defense, Home,
the Chief Ministers of the States,
eminent educators, and the direc-
tors-general of the National Cadet
Corps and the National Service
Corps.
To attend to the complex prob-
lems of National Service Corps ad-
ministration and interdepartmental
coordination, a high-powered com-
mittee of secretaries should be set
up at the Center. A similar mech-
anism presided over by the Chief
Secretary and including the De-
velopment Commissioners should
be set up at the provincial level
also, the committee recommended.
Pakistan
To Revise
Syllabi
The Pakistan Government has
decided to appoint a National Bu-
reau of Syllabi and Curricula, and
a National Textbook Board to co-
ordinate and harmonize education
which is currently beset by cur-
ricular absurdities and textual ir-
regularities, says the Pakistan
Times.
According to t%e decision
reached at the Governors' Confer-
ence in Rawalpindi on Feb. 23,
March-April 1968 will be the dead-
line for preparation of authorita-
tive books on history, law, civics,
and international affairs with par-
ticular reference to Pakistan's for-
eign policy and ideological basis.
Both the National Bureau of
Syllabi and Curricula, and the Na-
tional Textbook Board will be
composed of officials dealing with
educational matters and educa-
tionists of repute. The two bodies
will also have representatives of
the two Provincial Governments.
The preparation of standard
books on the half dozen espe-
cially selected subjects will be en-
trusted to groups of scholars and
administrators working in the re-
lated fields. Some of the books-
on economics and foreign affairs,
for example-are already under
preparation.
Once a book is approved by the
National Textbook Board, it will
be prescribed for the entire coun-
try, and translated into Bengali
and Urdu.
The Governors' Conference
called for specialization in partic-
ular fields by different universities
and institutions to help avoid du-
sons died at the age of 80 more
than 15 years ago.
The old man was healthy, had
good teeth and could recite the
Koran, but he could no longer
recognize people. At the age of 100,
he retired from his camel business.
Till three years ago,. Baba Ali
Turkey Saves Grain
By Nuclear Radiation
The world's first plant for saving
grain by using nuclear methods of
killing insect pests started trials
recently at Iskenderun, on the
south coast of Turkey. Built on a
pilot 'scale by a British firm con-
tracted by the International
Atomic Energy Agency, the plant
was financed by the Turkish Gov-
ernment and the United Nations
Development Program.
At Iskenderun, grain from large
hoppers falls in a carefully regu-
lated flow past a powerful source
of radioactive cobalt; gamma ra-
diation has the "effect of sterilizing
the insects in the grain. The in-
sects may then live for a few
weeks, during which period they
provide a degree. of protection
against reinfestation by the same
species.
enddAi~rlga tiona~ prayers.
One in Three.
A Student in NZ
One person in every three in
New Zealand is attending an edu-
cational institution, according to
Arthur Kinsell, Minister of Edu-
cation. This meant that New Zea-
land had a higher proportion of
students than any other'country,
he said.
155-Year-Old Man
Dies in Afghanistan
A 155-year-old man died in
Afghanistan on Feb. 5.
Mullah Baba All had been living
in isolation in a mosque In Mullah
Khali, Lnghmani village, for the
last 50 years, according to the
Kabul Times.
Baba Ali leaves behind two sons,'
three daughters, and?~1'
and great-grandsons. is o es
Insects cause losses of grain
throughout the world amounting
to about five per cent of all pro-
duced, with losses being much
higher in hot regions; it is esti-
mated -that total losses each year
could feed some 100 million people.
-UNESCO Features
ADEN-Sultan Nasser Ben Ab-
dullah Wahidi, ruler of the South
Arabian federal state of Wahidi,
has been deposed by the State
Council in Maifah, capital of Wa-
hidi, it was reported here on Feb.
21.
r r r
DJAKARTA - Mustafa Sjarif
Supardjo, a former senior officer
loyal to President Sukarno, on Feb.
23 accused Indonesian generals of
killing 500,000 innocent people
after the -attempted coup d'etat by
the Communists in 1965.
r r r
JERUSALEM -The editor and
assistant editor of the weekly
magazine But were each sentenced
early last fortnight to a year In
prison for publishing matters
"implying secret information, con-
trary to the State Security Law,"
the Jerusalem Post reported on
Feb. 20.
r r r
AMMAN - Jordan recalled its
Ambassador to Cairo last Thurs-
day in protest against "the low-
level behavior" of Egyptian Presi-
dent Gamal Abdel Nasser in his
"outrageous criticism" of King
Hussein In a speech on Wednesday.
- r ? ?
KABUL-The Afghanistan Min-
istry of Interior on Feb. 18 en-
etme,AyyRD
ernors or seven provinces.
Korea to Test
Kibbutz System
SEOUL (By Air Mail) - More
than 300 acres of fertile Cholwon
valley land astride the 151-mile
truce corridor fringing the north-
ern reaches of the Republic of
Korea will be cultivated for the
first time since 1953 under a pro-
gram patterned after Israel's kib-
butzim farm system.
A Korean Defense- Ministry
spokesman said the test program
will allow 100 farming families-
most of them headed by ex-
servicemen-to cultivate the land
and live in strategic hamlets simi-
lar to Israel's kibbutzim.
The kibbutz is a farming system
employed along the Israel-Arab
border where members of the
hamlets are capable of both carry-
ing out self-defense operations and
farming.
Strategic Hamlets
The spokesman said farmers will
be moved into the Cholwon valley
strategic hamlets after receiving
special military training which
will enable them to repel any pos-
sible attack by north Korean in-
filtrators.
At present, the spokesman said,
more than 45,000 farming families
are crowded into an area im-
mediately north of the civilian
control line hoping to return to
their old farms inside the army
controlled area.
The civilian control line ranges
from one to four miles below the
southernmost boundary of the de-
militarized zone.
The Ministry plan is to build
modern farms in the uninhabited
area using Western farming
methods as a pioneer project to
Increase Korea's agricultural capa-
Army Helps
The Defense Ministry and
Korean army units in the area are
to help the farmers obtain ma-
chinery,'farming implements and
to set up special loans.
The first year's crop alone is ex-
pected to yield 40,000 bushels of
grain, the spokesman said, ex-
plaining that this project is three-
fold-to expand farm land, build
model farms and aid former mem-
bers of the military.
Some farmers, formerly res'
dents to the area north of th
civilian control line, were allowe
to enter the area in the mornin
but had to return before sunse
This practice, according to t
spokesman, did not provide su
cient time to run farms and t
farmers could not build homes in -
side the area.
He said when the program
completed, it will provide a co
siderable amount of farm product;
to help feed Korea's growin
population.
Korea has had a shortage of foo
since the Korean war. The shorlll
age, though decreasing now, h
been partly filled by America
surplus grain and dairy products
Admission Fee
The Education Ministry warn
last week against private unive
sities' attempt to- raise admissi
fees by more than 20 per cent.
private universities do not he
the Government warning, the Mir
istry said, it will reintroduce
old system under which fixing f
admission fees are subjected
official approval.
The Ministry also threatened
discontinue Government subsidi s
given to private universities. Mo t
of them earlier agreed to rah
school fees by between 25 and
per cent on the ground of risi
commodity prices.
Kim Kak
The Asian Student
Correspondent
India's Election
Cost Increases
The recent geifi7eral elections
India are estimated to have c oft
the country's Exchequer abo it
rupees nine crores- (approx -
mately $13 million), says a rep t
in the Statesman quoting a spoke -
man of the Indian Election Co -
Mission.
The amount represents an i -
crease of about rupees 1.7 cror s
(approximately $2:4 million) ov r
the expenditure incurred in t e
1962 elections.
. News in Brief
NAHA-More than 50 persons
were injured in Okinawa on Feb.
24 in a bloody clash between riot
police and demonstrators over the
controversial twin education bills.
? r r
KUALA LUMPUR - Malaysia
will remove one of the 14 stripes
from its national flag to mark the
secession of Singapore from the 14-
state federation.
r r r
KUALA LUMPUR -Malaysia's
Home Minister Tun Ismail Bin
Abdul Rahman has resigned be-
cause of ill health.
r r e
COLOMBO - Several thousand
Buddhist monks, men and women,
knelt down in an unprecedented
act of worship for the visiting
supreme Buddhist Patriarch of
Thailand, the Venerable Sondej
Phra Sangharajah, at a reception
honoring him on Feb. 17 in Colom-
bo's independence square.
r r r
SAIGON-The South Vietnam-
ese Government last week an-
nounced plans for an American-
style self service supermarket in
Saigon which should be ready
within six months.
r ? r
TOKYO - Some 1,500 demon-
strators fought the police eIIn/aa five-
Status airtasss a-t'1'ac~tiawa near
here in protest against a propo 1
to expand the base to allow g
military transports to use t e
facilities.
r 3 ?
TOKYO - Shingoro Takais i,
former president of the multi-m .-
lion circulation Mainichi Shimb n
and member of the Internatio 1
Olympic Committee, died on F
25 of lung cancer. He was 88.
r ? r
TOKYO - Rikkyo (St. Paul' )
University President Masato i
Matsushita, 65, was picked last F '-
day as the joint candidate of t e
Liberal - Democratic and Dem -
cratic Socialist parties to run n
Tokyo's gubernatorial election n
April.
TAIPEI-The Central Executi e
Committee of the ruling Kuomi -
tang on Feb. 22 named Hsueh Y -
chi, Nationalist China's dep y
permanent representative to t e
United Nations, as new ambassa r
to Canada.
r ? r
LAHORE-Hollywood films r
Marlon Brando arrived here 1 st
weekend to recruit volunteers In
among poets, singers, dancers a id
other artists for a gala int r-
national variety program which e
plans to stage at the UN Gene 1
ext year to ra e
fun.9 t RA EF.
 CPYRGHT CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
Sanitized - A PT9VgW~or Retees &,i ek DP78-01634R000200050003-2 March 4,.1967
Motivations' for
Development Stressed
By BRIJ B. KIIARE
The Asian Student
Campus Correspondent
Columbia, Missouri - "Why d
others? What are the motivations
for economic, social and political
development? To identify these
motivations is to explain human
behavior which has policy im-
plications for modernization in the
developing nations of Asia." These
ideas were discussed last week by
Dr. Udai Pareek during a Univer-
sity Assembly Lecture on "Motiva-
tion for Development in South
Asia," followed by a Faculty-
Graduate Student Colloquium on
"Problems of Behavioral Science
Research in South Asia."
Dr. Udai Pareek is a visiting as-
sociate professor of psychology at
the Population Center, University
of North Carolina. He is director,
Extension Education at the Small
Industry Extension Training In-
stitute, Hyderabad, India, and col-
laborating editor of Manas. He has
been on the editorial boards of the
Indian Journal of Psychology and
Psychologia. His long list of pub-
lications includes Studies in Rural
Leadership, Behavioral Science
Research in India: his two forth-
coming books are Training for De-
velopment, and The Process of
Change in Education.
Based on his experiences of re-
search, Dr, Pareek pointed out that
there are to be found intercultural
differences within the same coun-
try. With this in mind, programs
of development can be charted and
changed because the present cen-
tury is one of plan changes. He
said that this is the concept of
manipulative mobilization which
the planners of all emerging na-
tions must realize if their goal is
fast industrialization.
Psychological Factors
But development does not occur
by mustering resources alone, em-
phasized Dr. Pareek. Having eco-
nomic resources or foreign ex-
change is not enough. The psy-
chologicalfactors also play an Im-
portant part. For example, one kind
of motivation'is related to one kind
of behavior. A general model of
social system generating motiva-
tions, which in turn determined the
individual behavior, was discussed
in detail by Dr. Pareek.
He referred to Professor McClel-
land's The Achieving Society, and
the research design based on need
for achievement which were rep-
licated in India. This primary mo-
tivation, Dr. Pareek continued, is
related to a concern for excellence
in the performance of work. Sim-
ilarly, economic development is
caused by the need for achieve-
ment.
A second kind of motivation
which Dr. Parcels considered very
crucial is the need for extension.
"How do people integrate them-
selves with their society," asked
the Indian psychologist. He re-
plied that development takes place
when individuals integrate their
own interests with those of the
s"Lie'ty. That is, social changes
are caused by those individuals,
namely the modernizing elite, who
are concerned with the betterment
of others. It is possible when re-
gional, parochial or group inter-
ests are made subservient to the
interests of a large community.
Professor Pareek said that they
have devised psychological tests
to determine the extent of these
motivations. In an experimental
design conducted in Hyderabad,
India, motivation training was
given to 60 people in a town. Their
influence in a community of 100,-
000 was measured. This induced
level of motivation was then con- I
-
-----
-
---- -- miss Yanyoi Tominato, Japan; Miss Tanya TandhasetThailand; Mrs.
equal size and similar character- Rion u caa Rnr>".? arras aa..me...e ..,
Tfs? Tai, China; and Miss Phan Nguyen, Viet Nam.
tioned about a longitudinal study
now being conducted in India
which will last for 10 years. It is
Council of Research and Educa-
tion. The purpose is to study the
achievement motivations of high
school students for this duration.
The significance of this research is
to evaluate the effect of depend-
ency needs upon entrepreneurship.
Dr. Pareek hypothesizes that the
need for dependency is as impor-
tant a variable as the need for
achievement in the process of
modernization. The difference is
that the need for dependency is
negatively related to national de-
velopment.
Dependency Motive
Professor Udai Pareek observed
that the dependency motive is re-
flected in, and probably caused by,
the system of hierarchy prevailing
in the social structure of Asian
countries. Certainly, it is the main
feature of the extended families
and bureaucracies. Under these
circumstances, individuals are
afraid of taking responsibility.
They are reluctant to take moder-
ate risks which are sufficient con-
ditions for the need for achieve-
ment. Unless proper measures are
taken to nullify the negative ef-
fects of dependency need no de-
velopment or change is possible.
Professor Udai Pareek's visit to
the University of Missouri was co-
sponsored by the South Asia Lan-
guage and Area Center and the
Department of Psychology. The
South Asia Program, now in its
second year, is being directed by
Dr. Paul Wallace, assistant pro-
fessor of political science. The pro-
gram offers a series of courses in
the social sciences and humanities.
It was founded by Dr. Nobei P.
Gist, chairman of the Departm nt'
of Sociology, in order to serve this
area of the Midwest, and was ex-
panded last fall with a grant of
$30,000 from the US Office of Edu-
cation. In December 1000, the
South Asia Program was awarded
two Graduate National Defense
Foreign Language fellowships for
the study of either Hindi or Ben-
gall,
Richest Petroleum
Fields Found in Iran
The richest petroleum fields in
the world have been discovered on
the Caspian Sea coast in Iran, So-
viet experts carrying out a geo-
logical survey of the area an-
nounced recently.
Master of
18 Subjects
Dr. Ram Kumar Chaubey,
a world record holder of Mas-
ter of Arts degrees In 18 sub-
jects, was among the 90 re-
cipients of Ph.D. degrees at the
49th annual convocation of the
Feb. 16, says the Times of
India.
The 72-year-old Dr. Chaubey
received the degree in ancient
Indian history, culture and
archeology.
A holder of the LL.B. degree
as well, he has been awarded
the degree of Doctor of Laws
(Honorary) by the Interna-_
tional University at the Hague.
He is an Honorary Professor at
Kashi Vidyapith.
First Albino
Gorilla Found
From the National Geographic
Society in Washington, D.C., came
word last week that the first albino
gorilla known to science has been
discovered.
The 55-pound, two-year-old ani-
mal was found clinging to the body
of his mother, shot while raiding
a banana patch last October in
Rio Muni, Spanish Equatorial
Guinea, Africa.
The National Geographic's ac-
count said the baby is "a typical
young gorilla in every respect but
one: he is an .albino. The hair, Is
white, skin pink and eyes blue."
Now in the Barcelona Zoo, he
has been nicknamed "Coptiva de
Nieve," Spanish for "Little Snow-
flake."
Shankar Visiting
The subject of money is one that I would imagine.is of some
like the gossamer mist of dawn or whatever the poets called
it before the hot sun of my creditors. But in any case it is
hard to ignore unless you are a mystic living in the Himalayas
or some such place.
What brought all this on was the
difficulty I experienced today
when t was purchasing my frugal
lunch. These new coins that Uncle
has turned out of late are rather
hard to distinguish. On occasion-
and this was one-I find myself
giving some tradesman a penny
when I mean to give him a dime.
While it has been explained to me
that there is a shortage of silver
and that the laminated abortions
we now get are necessary to save
the economy, I still don't like
them.
In this part of the country there
is a neighboring state where
gambling is legal. Until a couple of
years ago, the coin generally used
in the gambling "hells" was the
silver dollar, a heavy and noble
coin. If by some chance you latched
on to more than 10 of them you
felt, that you were carrying around
a.fortune. Now I understand that
these have been replaced by plastic
chips that are redeemable for
paper valuta. Bah! It takes all the
joy out of wagering a small sum
on the spin of the wheel or the
fall of the dice. What puzzles me
is where have all the silver dollars
gone? There must be a secret
horde somewhere-or hordes-but
I don't know of it.
On occasion I feel rather sorry
for the young people of today.
C
t
i
l
er
a
n
y you have more money In
Professor Your pockets and purses than I
'RavilBB,ahieiltw$vho'4 `tonsidered' - salad:~aye,:sbtm what
India's leadlne? t.aA,rinonl. ...,.et_ does it buy you? This could be-
clan and who bps. popularized the
sitar in the United States, has beery
appointed Buell G. Gallagher.gisit;
Ing professor at City..College, Now
York, beginning in. the fall.
He will teach two courses in the
history and.,tbe.ory of Eastern
music and will make several lec-
ture-recital.appearances.._.
The professorship;, established
in 1962, is named for the college's
president, and. Is financed by -an
alumni group, the City College
Fund. It is awarded regularly to
distinguished teachers.. Dr. Mirra
Komarovsky, a sociologist at Barn-
ard College, and Or, Nicholas
Kuril, a senior research fellow at
Oxford University, have held the
chair.
International Night
-Courtesy Southern Illinois University
IN NATIVE COSTUMES-Adding a colorful note to an International night
held at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, are these young ladies in
come the thoughts of an ancient
alumni, so I shall cut it short-but
there; was a, time when you :could
get a hamburger for five cents and
a milk shake for 10-although
there was some difficulty in raising
the wherewithal to purchase these
things.
Let me go back a few years
earlier to Asia. When I was a tot
in Japan the pen was the medium
of exchange. As I recall it was on
a par with the dollar. In any case,
a silver yen (that I now have' as
a money clip) was the same size.
It would buy you a great deal,
although as a child I seldom had
my hands on one. I was more
familiar with the sen, which was
one one hundredth of a yen,
Finally, there was a very small
copper coin worth.one-half of a
sen that was known as go-Tin or
five rin. In earlier times I gather
that the rin was in circulation, but
as I am not talking of the Paleo-
lithic age, I understand that it
had gone out of circulation except
as a five rin piece. So, if my mathe-
matics are not completely wrong,
five rin was one two hundredth of
a yen. With that insignificant coin,
similar to the Lung chien in China
at the same period or the paisa on
the Indian Subcontinent children
could buy a piece of candy or
adults pick up a couple of ciga-
rettes. Ah me, how the times have
changed. So have salaries, of
course, but I know very blasted
well that' we were able to buy
more with our pittances in those
days than you can today with a
wad of bills.
In the course of this investiga-
tion into the world of finance my
colleague, who assisted me in this
expedition into expenditure, dis-
covered that the word "cash" is
derived from a Tamil Indian word.
It is interesting to conjecture how
it became a part of the English
language-and the Chinese, for
that matter, for the common term
for tung chien or any other type
of coin was "cash."
Whatever its origin, it is a de-
sirable item to have around. At
one time there were such things
.aa'gpld coins, but I'doubt if many
of you would know of them. They
had the feel of money, or cash, if
you wish. When you flipped one it
rang like a fine temple bell. Now,
at least in this country, you are
not even supposed to own one
unless It is In the form of an
ornament.
Well, if we stick around long
enough, we may all get back to
using the Maria Theresa Baler.
This, in case you are not familiar
with it, is a large silver coin that
is minted nowadays in ' Mexico, I
believe. It is used widely in the
Middle East and North Africa and
Is the only form of currency
trusted by the inhabitants.
Can you blame them when
money is laminated today? What
next? Plastic discs?
Ashtra, Ancient Caananite
Capital, Uncovered in Syria
A Syrian archaeological expedi-
tion has discovered Ashtra, an an-
cient Caananlte principality In
southern Syria haunted for many
tenturles by what was known as
"the curse of the Pharaohs."
All Abu Assaf, head of a Learn of
experts from Syria's Department
of antiquities, disclosed the news of
the discovery on Feb. 23.
In a statement, carried by the
Associated Press, Abu Assaf said
the wall surrounding Ashtra and
the main gate of the city have al-
ready been uncovered beneath a
hill about 80 miles south of Da-
mascus.
Relies Identify City
The city's identity was revealed
by relics found near the gate. They
included lamps and jars, cylindri-
cal seals, gold rings, necklaces and
hairpins.
Abu Assaf said the finds pointed
out that Ashtra prospered from
lino to 7I2 R C and Karl ar,?nng o.?_
ternal commercial relations.
Among the relics discovered was
a small bronze statue of a human
figure covered partially by a thin
layer of gold, 3,400 years old. The
statue, dating back to the 14th cen-
tury B.C., is strikingly similar to
the gods of the Caunanlie kingdom
found long ago in northern Syria,
Abu Assaf said.
First Historic Reference
The chronicles of the 12th dy-
nasty of Egypt's pharaohs make the
first historic reference to Ashtra. It
was the pharaohs' habit to fight
any defiant city beyond their mili-
tary reach by declaring it a cursed
principality and then waiting until
their curse befell the city's people.
In Ashtra's case it took 10 cen-
turies for the curse to strike at the
hands of Assyrian King Teglet
Felzar the Third, whose armies
stormed out of Mesopotamia to
eenm,er simnel iha nntira Nom.
East.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
 CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
THE ASIAN STUDENT 5
Inter-University Cooperation in Area Programs
And the Social Sciences: Asian Problems and Prospects*
By CHOH-MING LI
Vice-Chancellor
The Chinese University
of Hong Kong
When I was asked to spas
about inter-university cooperation
in area study programs, I asks
myself the following questions:
are. stu
eii
What disciplines are we
to 1 elude
In area study programs?
What is the present state of area
studies in Asian universities?
What conditions seem to be favor-
able to the development of these
programs?
What are the forms of Inter-tlniver-
aity cooperation involving social
sciences I. Asian universities? -
And, anally, what are some of the
goals that we might net for Inter-
university cooperation in area
atudies?
Since Asia. has such it wide di-
versity of countries, cultures, and
universities,. I frankly was quite
reluctant to talk in general terms
about these questions. Even a cur-
sory view of Asian diversity is
sufficient warning that one must
avoid sweeping statements 'about
the area. However, since there are
many problems and characteristics
that are shared by universities
throughout Asia, I felt there was
et least sufficient evidence to pro-
vide our distinguished visitors here
today with some guidelines and
thoughts for discussion.
Therefore, with the appropriate
reservations and qualifications In
mind, let me move cautiously to
ray questions.
What Are Study Programs?
My first question asked "What
clo we mean by area study pro-
grams?" Rather than give an irn-
raediate answer to this, let me
place area study programs within
the larger context of social sclei)ce
research Institutes found in uni-
t ersities around the world. Uri
t ersittes Save a wide variety
social science centers and insti-
tutes, but for present purposes we
might point to four kinds, First,
there are centers organized around
well-established disciplines and
departments-for example, eco-
nomic research centers and educa-
tional research centers. The fac-
ulty, teaching, and research of
these centers are. not necessarily
oriented to an understanding of
any particular country, although
this in fact is the normal situation.
For the most part, these centers
use the tools of only one discipline
in analyzing a traditional range of
issues relating to a single nation.
Second, there are centers organ-
ized around particular methods
that are used in several disciplines.
Survey research centers are the
best and perhaps only example of
this kind of organization. Since
they are usually designed to facil-
itate the research efforts of faculty
by means of providing sampling,
interviewing, and tabulation serv-
ices, their focus is almost exclu-
sively on the home country where
it is possible to develop these re-
sources.
Third, there are a number of
institutes that are beginning to
focus primarily but not exclusively
art overseas countries, -especially
countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin
America. There are a variety of
such centers. For example, centers
for the study of developing socie-
ties and centers for international
comparative studies often utilize a
wide range of social science dis-
ciplines and methodologies to study
an equally wide range of countries
in all the developing areas. These
centers tend to undertake multi-
nation programs In social science
studies:
Different from these three kinds
of programs are the fourth type
which may be identified as area
"I am indebted to Dr. Robert Mitchell,
director of the Social Survey Research
Center of The Chinese University, for
hiss assistance in preparation of this
paper.
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
Editor's Note: At a meeting sponsored by The Asia Foundation
in Hong Kong-Dec. 18-21, 10 uni"versity presidents, vice chancel-
lors and vice-presidents from Asia, the United States and Aus-
tralia discussed "University Cooperation and Asian Development."
Conference papers covered a wide range of topics, generally ex-
ploring the possibility of regional cooperation among universities
in advancing studies in the physical and social sciences, law and
the humanities, and the role of universities in research and public
papers presented at the Hong Kong conference. In the previous
weeks, "The Asian Student" carried papers by Dr. Kazuo Okochi,
president of the University of Tokyo, Dr. Grayson L. Kirk, presi-
dent of Columbia University, Charles J. Hitch, vice-president of
the University for Administration, University of California, Dr.
Haydn Williams, president of The Asia Foundation, Dr. S. L.
Chien, president of National Taiwan University, and Zelman
Cowen, vice-chancellor of the University of New England, Armt-
dale, NSW, Australia.
study programs per se. Instead of
relying on only one social science
discipline and method, a variety of
disciplines and methods are used;
and instead of focussing on many
countries in different continents,
the program has as its center of
concernall the countries In a de-
fined geographical and cultural
area, such as Southeast Asia, South
Asian or even Latin America, For
some very large, complex, and im-
portant countries-such as China,
India, and Russia - the program
may focus on only a single nation.
Area study programs, then, have
a defined geographical focus and a
variety of disciplines, methodolo-
gies; and, intellectual perspectives.
These centers have the advantage
of organizing faculty,' library, re-
search and training resources, as
well as research funds, for an
inter-disciplinary approach to
problems of a particular country
and region. Needless to say, these
problems often are vitally relevant
to, tho.: development? goals of. the
countries and regions being
studied.
What Disciplines are included
In Area Study Programs?
It Is somewhat a moot point to
argue whether one discipline
should be included or excluded
from an area study program. In
fact, we have languages and hu-
manities together with economics,
political science, ? sociology, and
anthropology. We also have history
and business administration. One of
the strong points of area study pro-
grams is that social science re-
search is established on a firm lin-
guistic, cultural, and historical
base. However, the exciting intel-
lectual developments in area study
programs over the pastgeneration
have been provided by the social
sciences. I would hazard the
prophecy that the exciting Intel-
lectual developments in the next
generation will be provided by so-
cial scientists who turn their at-
tention to international compara-
tive studies on an intra-regional
and inter-regional basis...
What Is the Present State of
Area Studies in Asian
Universities
Area study programs, as de-
scribed so far, are programs of so-
cial science studies, and, therefore,
when we ask "What is the present
state of area studies In Asian uni-
versities," we are also asking the
more general question of "What is
the present state of the social sci-
ences In Asian tinlvoroItloa?" Fur-
thermore, since our discussion of
area study programs was framed
in research as well as in teaching
terms, we must also ask "What is
the present state of social science
research in Asian universities?"
These are very big and very im-
portant questions ... Three issues
seem especially relevant: (1) the
significance- of having a colonial
background, (2) the character of
Asian universities, and (3) the re-
search orientations of university
faculties. Let us look at each of
these issues separately.
First, most of the countries in
Asia are ex-colonies, and in coun-
tries where universities were es-
tablished by the colonial govern-
ments, special attention had long
been given to the metropolitan re-
gion and its cultural heritage. The
study of neighboring countries and
colonies was muted by this colo-
nial bind.
We might also note that the uni-
versities in the metropolitan re-
gions-Great Britain, France, and
the Netherlands-were rather slow
and conservative in the develop-
ment of modern methods of empir-
ical social science research. This is
especially true with regard to so-
ciology and political science. As a
consequence, in establishing colo-
nial universities patterned after
the metropolitan model; the colo-
nial governments tended to ex-
port a university tradition that to-
day is inappropriate' to= the needs
of Asian ;governments for social
science researchon issues ielevant
to-the country's development needs.
My second point pertains to the
kind of higher education institu-
tions we have today in Asia, es-
peeially- Southeast Asia. Frankly,
most of them'are-none other than
four-year colleges, and, for the
most part, it'does'no't seem that
the colleges or their governments
have formulated a clear philosophy
of?higheredubhtion?. Although the
creation of high quality univer-
sities is one of the important de-
velopment goals of governments in
Asia, it is not certain whether
these universities are ends In them-
selves, institutions limited to train-
Ing the future elite, or whether
they are multi-purpose organiza-
tions providing training, conduct-
ing basic research, and contribut-
ing in a variety of practical ways
to the community that supports
them. -
The absence of a research-
minded faculty and administra-
tions is related to the character of
the four-year college and the am-
biguity of the university's pur-
For the most part; they are small
four-year colleges with only fledg-
ling programs In graduate
studies.... We provide basic un-
dergraduate training at home,
while our graduate schools are in
America, Britain, and Europe. This
may or may not be a healthy and
economical situation, but it is a
fact that most of us are living
with.. , .
These various influences-the
the university, and the absence of
faculty research interests-have
contributed to the present state of
the social sciences and area study
programs in Asia. The social sci-
ences are under-developed, and
area study programs are practi-
cally non-existent.
What Conditions Seem to be
Favorable to the Development
of Area Programs?
Although only a few Asian uni-
versities have area study programs,
I think we have enough informa-
tion now to suggest what is needed
in order to develop such programs
in the future. Let me suggest three
especially important conditions.
First, as countries in Asia have
become independent, they have
naturally developed their own in-
dividual national interests. Some
of these interests relate to neigh-
boring countries for which no reli-
able information and understand-
ing is available. It is not surprising
that some national governments
are inclined to provide'the national
university with the financial sup-
port to create programs of research
on neighboring countries. The role
of national interest was no doubt
important in the decision of India
to create the first chair of Chinese
Studies a year ago at the Univer-
sity of New Delhi, and similar in-
terests may have motivated Chi-
nese study programs in Japanese
universities. As Asian countries
are brought closer together in the
future, we can expect that there
will be an increased awareness of
the need of still greater informa-
tion about neighboring countries.
These developments will in turn
encourage the creation of addi-
tional area study programs.
Since the social sciences are the
primary contributors to area study
programs, another condition for
the development of these programs
is the development of social sci-
ences. Through national and inter-
national programs to be discussed
again later, this development is
occurring quite rapidly In most
Asian countries. As a result, we
should soon have the intellectual
resources for the creation of area
study programs. -
The third condition is the grow-
ing interest in research on the part
of university social scientists.
Without such a development, there
would be no need for governments
to support area study programs
within the universities, for the
basic research needed on other na-
tions could be done within gov-
ernment itself... .
What Are the Forms of Inter-
University Cooperation in the
Social Sciences?
Given the limited resources for
Choh-ming Li, vice-chancellor of the Chinese University of
Hong Kong, was born in China and is a naturalized American
citizen. He was educated at the University of Nanking and re-
ocived his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees at the University of Califor-
nia at Berkeley.
Dr. Li's teaching career has taken him to Nankai, Southwest
Associated, and National Central Universities in China as pro-
fessor of economics (1937-43), and to the University of Cali-
fornia at Berkeley as professor of business administration and
director of the Center for Chinese Studies (1951-63). In 1964
he was appointed to his present position.
From 1945-47, Dr. Li was deputy director-general of the
Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
(CNRRA) and in 1948 and 1949 was permanent delegate of
the Republic of China to the United Nations Economic Com-
mission for Asia and the Far East. In 1949 and 1950 he was
chairman of 'the Board 'of Trustees for Rehabilitation Affairs
of the National Government of China.
social science research within
Asian countries, and given the
need for a wider perspective on
and knowledge about the region, it
is only natural that we look to
ways of pooling our resources and
perspectives in a way that will
benefit one another. In this regard,
ferent kinds of inter-university co-
operation involving social science
research in Asia.
First, two or more universities
within a single country occasion-
ally cooperate with one another.
Some universities are sharing a
common research facility, such as
a computer, and some universities
have divided responsibilities
among them In a common research
project. Informal faculty colloquia
designed to develop faculty re-
search interests and expertness
are still another way in which so-
cial scientists from different
universities cooperate with one
another.
Second, universities from two or
more countries within the same re-
gion cooperate with one another....
Third, a university in a develop-
ing country cooperates with one or
more universities from a Western
country. This is a very common
and extremely valuable form of
assistance to Asian universities.
For example, The Chinese Univer-
sity of Hong Kong is cooperating
with the University of California
in a number of ways beneficial to
the social sciences. We hope that
this will be especially helpful in
developing faculty resources, for
we are sending promising young
faculty and students to California
for further training, and in return
California sends us visiting pro-
fessors, as well as graduate fellows
and undergraduates....
The fourth kind of inter-univer-
sity cooperation involves two or
more Western universities. The
London-Cornell project is an ex-
ample of this kind of program....
What Goals Should We Set for
Inter-University Cooperation
in Area Studies and the
Social Sciences?
Now that we have talked in gen-
eral terms about forms of inter-
university cooperation, let me
move next to what the purposes of
cooperation should be between
Western and Asian universities.
Although I have just alluded to
this issue, it is so important that I
would like to touch on it again.
Asian universities must be very ,
clear in their mind regarding the
ways that inter-university cooper-
ation is to benefit their faculties
and institutions. Of course, every
university worthy of the name will
do everything in its power to assist
scholars and students visiting from
Western universities. However, be-
cause we have only limited re-
sources, we must be absolutely
sure that programs affecting fac-
ulty time and university resources
are unequivocally beneficial to our
faculty and - students. Specifically,
we must be certain that inter-
university programs help us de-
velop our faculty to a stage where
it is completely capable of playing
all the major roles within the uni-
versity. ,.
Moreover, given the underde-
veloped stage of social science re-
search in many of our universities,
the other basic purpose of these
programs is to provide academic
leadership in research during the
period that our own faculty's cap-
abilities are being developed. We
have been adopting this strategy
in The Chinese University by ap-
pointing outstanding foreign re-
search scholars to the directorships
of our leading social science re-
search centers. I emphasize the
(Continued on page 6)
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
 CPYRGHT Sanitized - Approved For ReleaseCIA-RDP78-01634R000 ' d 6 0 5 0 0 ore 4 1967
ear, September 15-June 15, as a serv-
e to Asian students in the U. S. A. by
he Asia Foundation, a private non-
rofit organization in San Francisco,
alifornia.
recently announced rediscov-
as" -
ery of two cultural treasures-one
in the East and one in the West.
We refer to the Buddhist scroll
found in the stonework of a Korea
pagoda in Kyongju, south Korea
All opinions expressed in The Asian I and some 70o pages of manuscript
ludent are personal to their authors, and drawings by Leonardo da
nd are not to be construed as repre- , Vinci found in the National Li-
=.nting the views of the Asia Foundation.
brary in Madrid.
The Asian Student welcomes manu-
cripts and photographs from its readers,
ut no responsibility will be assumed for
nsolicited material. Sufficient postage
rust accompany submitted material if
eturn is desired. All correspondence
hould be addressed to P.O. Box 3223,
an Francisco, California 94119, The of-
fice of The Asian Student is located at
76 Sacramento Street, San Francisco,
alifornia 94111.
Annual Subscription
DOMESTIC: $2.00 OVERSEAS: $3.00
Single Copy 10 cents
Editor
C. Y. HSU
Special Features Editor
FRANK B.-HUGGINS
Assistant Editor
ZAHID U. QURESHI
Book Review Editor
WALTER ROBB
Administrative Assistant
TOMI ISONO
The scroll which is a Buddhist
sutra translated into Chinese in
704 A.D. is believed to be the
oldest printed text known. The
Leonardo manuscripts and draw-
ings increase by a substantial
amount the surviving fruits of the
artist's genius. Both are invaluable
and hard to come by.
Discovery is often by acciden
as in these two cases. The Korea
find was made when damage to tie
ancient ? pagoda was being ex
amined by archaeologists and his
torians of the Cultural Ass
Preservation Committee. It h
lain there for over a thousan
years unnoticed. The Leona
papers, lost for almost two c n
turies, were rediscovered in d
vertently by Dr. Jules Piccus
years ago. Announcement of h
rediscovery was made early i
month after. the documents a
been authenticated.
The recent discoveries are
causes.
In almost all parts of the w r
there are still hidden cult r 1
treasures waiting to be discov e .
This should not be the job of n
the archaeologists. Alertness o e
perts and laymen alike should "lie
toward discovery.
sidered to be even more signifi
and fortunate in view of the 1 g
number of cultural and art obj c
damaged or lost through fire, fl o c,
theft, vandalism and by afte7
Saturday, March 4, 1967
A New Source
Of UN Finance
T HE United Nations cannot func-
Lion efficiently, especially in its
pence-keeping mission, If It Is not
financially solvent. In recent years
it has come pgrilously close to in, solvency because of the failure of
sonic nations to pay their dues.in
time and the refusal of others to
meet the special peace-keeping as-
sessments. Though a formula was
found in the form of subscriptions
to UN bonds to avert the fiscal
crisis, the basic defect in the pres-
ent scheme of financing the world
organization remains.
A new source of a steady and
adequate revenue for the UN, free
from the political squabble over
pro-rated dues and proportional
assessments in the present system,
should be found.
Senator Frank Church, a United
States delegate to the UN, has
come up with a sound suggestion.
He urged that the UN be given
ownership of the ocean's mineral
resources.
In his report to the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee, Senator
Church (Dem., Idaho) said, "The
gicntest untapped reservoir of the
world's wealth lies beyond national
jurisdiction and under title to no
nation, at the bottom of the seas... .
Yonsei
CPYRGHT
Korea's Fast-growin University
By KIM KAK
Q n Student
YR u rroepondent
Ivy League of Korea, Yonsei Uni-
resew
versity definitely belongs to that th H oarvard-eYench Institute;
of Korea. Despite the plethora of
Industrial Management Research
upstart universities that have the e .H
E q
-an Language Insti-
t
C
er,
en
mushroomed following the end of
World War II, Yonsei, along with tute, and Amputee Rehabilitation
Seoul National and Korea Univer- Center. As a meaningful expert-
sities, remains to be one of Korea's ment In international education,
oldest, biggest and best prestige in- Yonsei is also offering a year of
stitutions. undergraduate "Junior Year
A short 15-minute drive from Abroad" program to qualified can-
downtown Seoul, the capital city didates from other' countries.
of Korea, the campus of Yonsei, What makes Yonsel an outstand-
covering an area of some 300 acres ing institution of.higher learning
spreads out on the low-lying foot- in Korea is its tradition of liberal
hills In the western suburbs of the education and its role as a catalyst
city. The present grounds overlap of the nation's modernization. Be-
the site of a long-since vanished Dr. Park Tae-sun sides the academic life, the univer-
royal palace from which the uni- President, Yonsei University sity is active in sports and music.
Especially its annual matches with
varsity got its former name, Yonhi.
Though the Korean War of 1950 include all the usual disciplines rival Korea University in soccer,
left its scars, the tree-covered plus professional courses in medi- basketball, baseball, rugby and
grounds form a scenic island In the tine, law, theology, sclonco and lee hockey are the major sports at
midst of the burbs engineering, music and nursln..In JI ~?ractj4n in Korea.
addition, the titiiverstty raJitinsors I"
es Mbui ings a -,. _ , ., i ci,tnies. I Musing in the beautiful campus
built in tht `L9201V Underwood
Hall, Stimpson Hall and Appen-
zeller Hall-form the main quad-
rangle which opens to the south,
overlooking the Has River. The
statue of the Rev. Horace G. Un-
derwood, founder and 'the first
president, faces:the-entranee,,wel-
coming all to the campus. Recent
years saw the addition of a dozen
newer and larger buildings: in-
5,000 Students
There is a total student body of
over 5,000 served by an interna-
tional faculty. Located in the cam-
pus is a plush $1 million medical
complex, which is the largest and
oat up-to-date of its kind in the
tire Far East. To cite several
ique affiliated institutes and
serene library and praying in the
daily chapel, the hard-working
youths of Yonsei are preparing for
the vital part they will play in de-
veloping and modernizing free
Korea.
English Literatur
Editor-Dr. Alphonso-Kar la's
argument (The Asian Student F b
11, 1967), that "English Ian e
today is no longer the na o al
monopoly of any one stat " it
seems to me, should lead to 1 -
ical conclusion that all liter t e
produced in the same lan u e
should also no longer be th a
tional monopoly of any one t e,
rather than to his own cone s n
that Indo-English literature s o Id
be considered as a "nation 't-
erature" In English.
University Area Programs
(Continued from page 5) I found in well-designed area study
eluding a library, an auditorium
and a gymnasium, plus a giant
medical complex. Those predomi-
nantly American names given
school buildings shed some light
on the history of the school.
82 Years Old
The year 1967 marks the 82nd
anniversary of the foundation of
Yonsei, which has stood as the
model of higher education and as a
source of Christian influence in
Korea since its founding in 1915.
,our mission boards in America
sponsored and financed the school:
the Presbyterian Church in the
United States, the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, South, and the
United Church of Canada.
. Each school building bears the
name of either a missionary-edu-
cator who made a distinguished
contribution to the school or a
significant event related to the
school. The Underwood family is
a symbol of the university history.
Beginning with the first Under-
wood, the founder, three genera-
word "outstanding," for it makes
very little sense to enter into an
agreement with a Western.univer-
sity that is unable to provide the
kind of person who can effectively
exercise leadership. Certainly no
Asian university can afford to be
the dumping ground for unsuc-
cessful Ph.D. candidates and fac-
ulty from other countries. How-
ever, it is unfortunate that some
leading Western universities have
Would it not be better to r er
to all literature In English a E g-
Ilsh literature than call sotn 1 ml
versions as British liters u e,
American literature, Aus a an
literature, and Indo-Englis it-
erature?
Also, since all language e p es-
slon is an acquired abilit , he
writer whose mother ton is
English is not at an adv n age
over the Indian writer who e Ins
it as a second language.
Moreover, distinctions of d m,
cultural values, and local at It des
are not uniform even wi i a
given country. Perhaps th y are
different even between an y two
"As the population vise tightens,
national rivalries for the exploita-
tion of the deep ocean's resources
could easily become a new threat
to peace.
"By conferring title to the United
Nations to mineral resources on
the ocean floor beyond the conti-
nental shelf, under an interna-
tional agreement regulating their
development, we might not only
remove a coming cause of inter-
national friction, but also endow
the United Nations with a source
for substantial revenue in the
future."
Senator Church's suggestion
would therefore kill two birds with
one stone.
The mineral resources on the
ocean floor are immense. As the
sole owner of these vast untapped
xesourccs, the United Nations
would be assured of a rich flow of
revenue.
writers of a single cultu and
place.
all
Therefore, I suggest that 110
all literature produced in t ng-
lish language as English liter lure
dropping distinctions of nat lity
and culture.
Rayapati J. P
English Department,
Drexel Institute
of Technology
Philadelphia, Pa.
difficulties in encouraging batter
faculty to assume the responsibili-
ties that the university has ac-
cepted. Some universities are so
over-extended that they have to
recruit people outside the univer-
sity to fill the responsibilities of
their own faculty. The university
becomes a broker, sending people
overseas who would never be ac-
cepted within the sending univer-
sity....
Intra-Asian Inter-University
Cooperation
Through the efforts of our Asian
universities themselves, and
through the assistance provided by
Western universities, many of the
universities in Asia are now in a
position to cooperate with one
another I. the social sciences. Most
of our universities already have
the resources necessary for initiat-
ing significant research on their
own countries, although they do
not have the resources necessary
for developing adequate area study
programs. However, through co-
operation we can bring to the re-
gion many of the advantages
programs, especially programs em-
phasizing international compare-
This cooperation could take the
following forms:
1. Greater opportunities could be
provided resew research bringing holars lain the
same discipline together. In this re-
gard, the feasibility of occasional so-
cial science conferences on a re-
gional basis might be explored.
2. More speclReally, it would be
helpful to hold summer seminar.
and conferences for faculty bfarsresearchInterestedFar examples many
scholars throughout Asia arc en-
gaged In research on the family, on
national income, on demography,
and on the modernization process.
It would be very helpful for all these
scholars If they were able to meet
for several weeks and go over each
other's work and findings especiaily
with regard to the international
comparative dimension of their
present and proposed research.
In addition to reviewing research
In progress, it would alas be ex-
tremely helpful to hold summer
seminars on research methods for
young faculty who wish to develop
their research skills.
UNESCO has taken the lead in
sponsoring these kinds of seminars
in Europe, but very little has been
done In developing countries. Un-
fortunately Southeast Asia has
probably been the most neglected
area for research training, confer-
ences, and social science activities
an an international scale.
3. A clearing house for research
UNESCO within do ee some useful but
relatively unknown work in this re-
gard for India, but again Southeast
Asia could benefit from a similar
service.
4. To broaden the perspectives of
our faculties and students, inter-
university exchange programs be-
tween Asian countries should be de-
veloped.
5. Finally,. in order to encourage
comparative studies and a regional ective available for fundsresearshoul h d be pmade
projects would be p ssible-foraex-numbers of modest ample, studies of entrepreneurship,
religious bellefa and Practices. con-
sumers' decision-making, family
planning, and the recruitment of
government leaders....
tions of the Underwoods have
served with the institution.
Yonsel, originally called the
Chosun Christian College, started
with a handful of professors and a
few scores of students in four de-
partments - literature, commerce,
science and agriculture.
Against all odds, Yonsei contin-
ued to grow and expand until it
attained its present status of an
integrated university. It now is a
co-educational,interdenomina -
tional university, offering courses
in 32 academic departments, which
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
 8 CPYRGHT THE ASIAN STUDENT CPYRGFATeh 4, 1967
P7Tt996AN@9O 6QZansul
Apart From the Other Malays
MASK OF ASIA: The Phil-
ippines Today, by George
Farwell. Praeger, New York,
1966; 227 pp., $6.95.
This unique book is a tour de
force, not unsuccessful. In 20 chap-
ters and 200 pages George Farwell
telescopes his account of the Phil-
333 years under Spain, 48 under
the United States and the 20 years
of their independence. A brief re-
view of such a book will perforce
paraphrase much, directly quote
very little.
P:?ior to 1565 there was the long
cultural influence of Mother India
with an overlay of Islam at the
end, a much briefer period, during
which peaceful commerce pre-
vailed, both domestic and foreign.
The missionary friars, whose zeal-
ousness matched their ignorance,
destroyed everything associated
with this period and improvised
new beginning, the Introduction
and acceptance of a very mundane
Christianity. They found a mild
type of servitude persisting under
the rajahs, continued in ruler-
ship as Christians, and provided
one religion for the submissive
poor, a more enlightened one for
the rich: quite as they had done in
Spanish America.
Miracles and Superstitions
Miracles and superstitions would
suffice for the Masses, while that
for their masters included a little
learning; and a little learning is a
dangerous thing. Arbitrarily, this
set the Philippines people apart
from their brothers in Indonesia
and culminated in piracy that, with
ups and downs, still persists. In
the end, all lowlanders accepted
the novel new faith, but the high-
landers, the_Igorots, the Ifugaos
and their cousins of less impor-
tance, or notoriety at least, were
never reached. Against Mindanao
and Sulu Muslims, wars of lead
and sword were waged incessantly,
and, on the whole, the Muslims
had the better of it during the cen-
CPYRGHT
tury ended in the sixth decade of
the 19th century, when (Farwell
makes no specific note of this),
steam-powered gunboats from
Europe proved able to deal with
the Muslim's vintas.
Meantime, the friars together
with the Jesuits built a thousand
parish churches throughout the
lowlanders' area, all by corvee
(again omitted by Farwell), 40
days forced labor annually by all
men between 18 and 40 years of
age. Spain's monarchs paid each
missionary 100 pesos a year; and
the whole Spanish community lived-
the husband strives to keep it re-
plenished. All that Farwell, in_;a
brief year, saw superficially, has
a deeper, sounder aspect than he
could have been aware of.
Here's a direct .quote from Far-
well: r r"g
"The trend of young men today
is away from politics. The edu-
cated, the alert, the` university-
trained are thpse. days going into
the world of comine?ce.. . the
whole concept of public affa~;l's
could well change within a decade
or so. They can.pnhaps gain com-
fort irotn
Poes ?Tailor {,
~
I
on the profits of the galleon trade,
lessor Gegrge, ,' or,)1as"ouV.a
In rare products of China to Max- about ppinea_tpyJ,
leo, but-this- eommorHcs0 died vhd ote tat no natidn has dyer
throughout the lettered world.
Farwell notes that racism is co.
extensive with the whiteman's
world: In the Philippines in cases
of mixed marriages, and they were
many, as under the Dutch in In-
donesia, the bride rose to her hus-
band's class. Thus the privileged
maintained their authority, over
the poor. However, on Dec. 30,
1896, the Churchmen shot Jose
Rizal whose novels of. protest had
they Were secretly imported,
smuggled In bales of piecegoods by
friendly merchants, and read by
thousands (though Farwell, again,
makes no mention of how they
reached the people), and the fat
was in the fire.
To forge ahead hurriedly, the
American regime began In 1898,
and civil government surplanted
military administration in July,
1901-a truly great statesman at
its head, Wm. H. Taft, under per-
haps even a greater War Secre-
tary, Elihu B. Root who drafted
the McKinley Instructions to the
Taft Commission ". . . we are not
in the Philippines for our own
benefit, but for the benefit of the
Filipinos."
The need of the Philippines for
everything led inevitably to some
modification of Root's basic prin-
ciple.
Different Classes
The reader may take it from
there. The upper class still rules,
the poor, 80% of the population,
rapidly growing, still toil, and till
the soil under usurious land rents.
And yet, despite every conceiv-
able handicap, a middle class is
successfully wedging itself between
the hopeless poor and the arrogant
rich. Again overlooked by Farwell
-after all, he limits himself to
200 pages!-this progress is due to
the fact that Mother India left the
Filipinos, anciently, a priceless
heritage: every family is a matri-
archy, the wife manages the purse,
developed to maturity without vio-
lence, corruption, greed, and In-
justice.' Historically, this has been
true of many countries, notably the
United States, Australia, Mexico,
in their earlier stages at least."
Farwell fails of according jus-
tice to the eight-year Harrison ad-
ministration, whose all-Filipino
cabinet was able and upright be-
yond cavil or dispute.
aster ..f r.,.ta F.arhanvw
The right of the New York
branch of the Philippine National
Bank to sell gold exchange, Har-
rison granted over the firm ob-
jection of Alberto Barretto, his
Finance Secretary. Don Alberto
wished to file his objection In writ-
ing, to be kept with the flies; and
Harrison, with his usual courtesy,
granted his request-'twas either
that or Barretto's peremptory res-
ignation. Barrette perceived what
would happen, the bank would
soon be on the verge of insolvency.
It is not true, either, that the bank
lost $124,000,000 in its capital
loans to sugar planters to build
modern sugar,mills. For E. W. Wil-
son took charge of the bank,
Charles M. l;otterman of the bank
board took charge of sugar-loans
administration, all the loans were
paid off, with a spanking interest
rate added, and many millions of
profit were also earned by the bank
from handling the exchange in-
volved in the growth and exporta-
tion of the sugar. Not a cent was
lost. Wilson held the bank presi-
dency a comparatively short time,
and Vicente Carmonn, equally cap-
able and equally straight-forward
and aboveboard, took his place.
I don't blame Farwell for these
errors. His sources of information
were from persons devoted to
blackening the Harrison adminis-
tration. Over all, he strives for,
and achieves, accuracy.
WITH MacARTHUR IN JA-
PAN:-A Personal History of
the Occupation, by William
Sebald, with Russell Brines.
e l' ?4 FTNew York,
318 pp., $6.95.
William Sebald was United
tates Ambassador in Japan dur-
g the years following the sur-
nder in 1945 of the Japanese mil-
:sty forces. He was the senior
epresentative of the US State De-
artment, but the actual control
f the occupied country was in the
ands of the Army, and in fact in
lands
e hands of one man: General of
e Army Douglas MacArthur.
This is an account of that rela-
onship, and Ambassador Sebald
ould be congratulated for his
w key account of what must
ave been one of the most frus-
ating jobs ever created. Without
tual power he was required to
cal with the Japanese Govern-
ent as the American representa-
ve - on a civilian basis - but
ithout any power to make im-
ortant decisions. These were the
solute responsibility of The Gen-
al-as his wife and aides called
(Others who were involved
the Occupation had different
ames, but as many were libelous,
ey will not be mentioned in this
eview.) Under these circum-
ances,Ambassador Sebald had to
cad with the utmost diplomacy,
nd it would seem that he per-
rmcd his task well.
Fascinating Accounts
While most of this book is an
ccount of the Occupation that
oat of the students of the time
ould be well acquainted with,
ere are portions that are most
scinating in casting a spotlight
n a great general and a highly
ontroversial man.
and in time it appears that he
strode in the robes of assumption.
Ambassador Sebald, in one of
the most revealing parts of this
interesting book, tells of a meeting
with MacArthur after the United
plained to its Foreign Office that
MacArthur had ignored them. This
complaint, in turn, had been sent
to the US State Department, which
relayed it to Ambassador Sebald.
It became his unpleasant task to
convey it to the general. Mac-
Arthur, in the vernacular, blew
his stack.
As Sovereign
"When I suggested," Sebald says,
"that it might be useful were he
to meet occasionally with various
chiefs of diplomatic missions in
Tokyo to give them a firsthand
rundown on Korea, he promptly
said that this would serve no use-
ful purpose; moreover, they had no
responsibility in Korea. 'And why,'
he added, 'as a sovereign, should
I? President Truman doesn't do so,
nor does the King of England or
any other head of state.'."
This is an amazing statement for
any American to make and sounds
as if it had come from a Roman
pro-consul in Spain or Gaul. But,
in essence, this was what Mac-
Arthur was - a pro-consul. No
other American In history ever
had the powers that were granted
him. Whether he exercised them
wisely or not Is a question for his-
tory to decide.
Ambassador Sebald apparently
feels that on the whole he did a
good job. To those of us who were
involved in the Occupation in a
minor role and have watched Jap-
anese reaction since, this is open
to doubt. But the Ambassador-
who, by the way, knows his Japan
very well from many years of
service there-tells an interesting
acArthur was one of tie greatest account. It is an imiaortanf'contri-
tit9rT''ta ;`"h`'IV ' Es}', eft"-iCrit'l'
as also a brilliant man (first in versial period.,
is class at West Point, etc.) -but Frank B. Huggins
ke all such men had feet of clay. San Francisco
Eurasian Girl in Peking
A MORTAL FLOWER;
China - Autobiography and
History, by Han Suyin. G. P.
Putnam's Sons, New York,
,
This is the second volume o
Han Suyin's ambitious series of
autobiographical books that may
come to five or six. It covers the
turbulent years between 1928 and
1938 in China when the author
grew up to be a young lady. In this
volume she writes with even a
surer hand than in the first vol-
ume, The Crippled Tree, for she
lived through this entire period,
whereas for the earlier part of the
period from 1885 to 1928 in The
Crippled Tree, when she was not
yet born, she has to depend upon
other people's memoirs, letters and
hearsay, for the latter part she has
to rely on her childhood memories.
Still willful, ambitious and un-
loved by her mother, she now grew
up as a young Eurasian girl in
Peking, faced with all the special
problems in social and emotional
relationships.
She was determined to be a
medical doctor and first did clerical
work at the Peking Union Medical
College to make a living. She had
her first love affair, that she de-
scribes with frankness. Later, she
entered Y'enching University
where oho was subject to ostracism
because of her friendships with
foreigners. Then she went to study
medicine In Belgium, 1935 to 1938.
In 1938, after the outbreak of the
Sino-Japanese war, she broke off
her studies and returned to China
to rally to its support.
Background of Turbulence
Her personal story is told against
the background of turbulent events
In China: the rise of Chiang Kai-
shek, the formation of the Chinese
Communist Party, the split be-
tween the Nationalists and the
Communists, the extermination
KaftheR against a ommun s s,
the Sian Incident and the Japanese
threat and invasions, first of Man-
churia, then of China Proper.
Paraded before our eyes are
many political figures: Chiang
Kai-shek, Mao Tse-tung, Chou En-
lai, Chu Teh, Madame Chiang Kai-
shek, and others.
She is critical of Chiang Kai-
shek and his Government.
She is also critical of American
policy. She writes, "For already in
the 1850s America had begun to
dream of the conquest of Asia;
since then she has been on the
march, designing to reign first on
the Pacific, then in Asia, later-
who knows?"
.Of Viet Nam
Of Viet Nam she says: "Many
of us in Asia think it more digni-
fied to apologize, than to go on, as
America Is doing, losing not only
face but honor, and gaining the
world's contempt for the death she
rains down upon an unfortunate
small country, Viet Nam, because
America, so large, so wealthy, is
unable to admit to a mistake in
judgment."
She tells about the story of the
Chinese Communist, and especially
Mao Tse-tung's mountain fortress
of Chingkangshan in Kiangsi Prov-
ince and the Long March based
upon her interviews with veteran
Communists. Directly from their
lips it smacks of propaganda.
Tsui Sin Yung
San Francisco
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-01634R000200050003-2
CPYRGHT
i tong~.,.~ ttn n
a R r6 ? .
Global Peace
Structure
IF a sound structure of global
peace with justice cannot read-
ily be built upon the weak frame-
work of a global organization com-
mitted to universality, on what
should we attempt to erect It?
The answer would seem to be:
the strong foundation of those na-
tions who would genuinely accept
the principles underlying this
structure and be ready to cooper-
ate wholeheartedly in the task of
constructing it.
It may be said that they would,
In the first instance, comprise only
a relatively small portion of the
world, and that consequently the
body which linked them would be
weak.
True enough, membership would
probably be rather small at first,
not so much that there are few
nations who accept the principles
on which such a body would be
based, as that there are few gov-
ernments prepared to commit
themselves to an unknown.
But this would not make the
body weak. Unity and strength of
purpose would, on the contrary,
make It strong-far stronger than
any larger organization composed
of members with. conflicting aims
and purposes..
And, as the value of joining such
a body became apparent, we would
gradually find all those countries
which believed in its Ideals and
objectives joining in and extending
the scope of Its authority and in-
fluence.
It would not be realistic to ex-
pect ifte ents which did not
tB ept`thes ekli-eltd>objeetiusa.
to Join. They would obviously. be
hostile to the organization and seek
to undermine it.
But this would no more be a
valid reason for abandoning the
idea of such a body than the hos-
tility of criminals would be valid
reason for abandoning our present
system of community law and
order.
And, being outside the organiza-
tion, these hostile governments
would be far less able to sabotage
the development of the suggested
global body than if they were in-
side It.
Hong Kong
Feb. 11, 1967
TheJapan Times
Mad Angiotensin
KNOW what Angiotensin is? It,,
what causes high blood pres-
;ure.
One could make a list from here
o the moon of what are commonly
?ecognized as causes of high blood
eressure: bad drivers, blaring
rublic address systems, queue
rreakers, unsympathetic bureau-
rats, inflated bar bills, etc.
It comes as news, however, that
undamentally it is a chemical sub-
tance in the blood stream that Is
esponsible. And such infinitesimal
mounts of it are enough to start
he life fluid gushing.
A couple of researchers at the
:yushu University Hospital have
eported success In isolating this
ubstance, called Angiotensin, for
ee first time anywhere. Not only
eat, they have. determined its
hemical structure and succeeded
a synthesizing it.
Why in the world should they
'alit to? Surely, there is little to
e gained by manufacturing the
tuft for the market.
Just as nobody would expect to
o a good, business of selling cs
car virus, if there Is such a thing.
But in the wonderful world of
medical science half of. the battle
is identifying the enemy. For such
a common and often misunder-
stood thing as high blood pressure,
that should be a notable achieve-
ment.
Although the researchers have
not been so explicit In their prog-
nostications, It seems that the ul-
timate. thing their work points to-
ling blood pressure. This chemical
line of attack offers new hope-
and more, certainly, than any ap-
proach that might be made to those
everyday, commonly recognized
causes of blood pressure,
Tokyo, Japan
Feb. 19, 1967
Manila Bulletin
Student Rumbles
C / +ONTINUING clashes between
ll ti student and youth groups,
some of them with fatal results,
do not seem to attract the atten-
tion of those who should be con-
cerned, presumably for lack of ap-
preciation of the juvenile delin-
quency problems involved.
Cases of student rumbles have
developed disturbing patterns of
thinking and behavior among our
young. These have shown that our
youths, in and out of school, go
about armed with deadly weapons,
including firearms.
They also go around in groups,
like wolf packs, poised for trouble.
Gangs also maintain feuds
against. each other, particularly
those belonging to different schools,
with raids and retaliatory action
as part of standard operating pro-
cedures. There are likewise rival
groups in some colleges that en-
gage in Intramural clashes.
All these have demonstrated at-
titudes and behavioral patterns
that could require correction if the
next generation of leaders of
thought and action is to be saved
ft'om destructive and anarchic
tendencies.
There have been too much bend-
ing backward, over-indulgence and
downright collusion in dealing with
juvenile delinquency. In all its
manifestations. It would seem that
parents, guardians, school authori-
ties, and the whole society itself
are indifferent to the monster
Fril`` 1tMy.h i%iP_
Unless everybody wakes .up to
the evil in our midst and does
something about it-at home, in
school, in church, wherever people
gather.- our present-day default
may bring upon our heads well
deserved condemnation by those
who will come in our wake.
Manila, the Philippines
Feb. 16, 1967
PD1A
Union Day
TODAY.marks-the 20th anniver-
sary of Union Day, A mass rally
attended by over 100,000 woiking
people is to, mark the occasioni in
Rangoon, the venue of this year's
anniversary celebrations.... The
rally today-.has been-preceded by
a two-day discussion of the Aim of
Union Day.by over one thousand
delegates and .over
of the na-
tional races. The discussion clearly
brought into prominence, If the
people are to endure as an inde-
pendent nation, politically free
and economically prosperous and
socially just and stable, the na-
tional races must live and work in
fraternity, unity, and In unassail-
able solidarity. To bring about this
happy state of mutual trust, love,
and respect among the national
races, the Revolutionary Council
has proclaimed the National Races
Policy and Belief. The Policy first
proposed to the national races at
the.l7th anniversary of Union Day
celebrated in Mandalay has re-
ceived the acclaim of the people.
It is to translate this policy Into
reality that all must strive relent-
lessly, dedicatedly.
The Policy in esssence aims at
removing all factors spawned by
feudalism . . . which has shown
dissension and distrust among the
national races. These factors had
in the past militated against har-
monious relations not only between
one race and another but also be-
tween one class of people and
another. Today, the LANZIN-the
Burmese Way to Socialism-has
laid down social and economic
piinciples in a political philosophy
consonant with the people's tradi-
tion and culture, their environment
and their life. There is now noth-
ing to militate against reviving and
re-establishing the cordial rapport
nity, unity, and solidarity. All that
is needed today to recreate that
united nation is for the national
races to realize that they are of
one blood and their interests are
bound together. That one cannot
hope to remain safe and well
should the boat sink in dissension
and strife with the others. That
one's well-being depends on the
well-being of the others as well....
Rangoon, Burma
Feb. 12, 1967
Easy Way Out
IF cigarette-smoking causes lung
cancer-as many doctors say-
and nicotine.is the culprit, it is
logical to help the helpless with a
substitute which has all the looks
but none of the poison of a cig-
arette. And American techni-
clans ... have produced a cigarette
made of lettuce leaves, which in
appearance, price and smokability
Is almost as good as the real stuff,
a kind of weed that cheers but not
inebriates. It puffs just as well,
although addicts testify to its
wrong flavor. But to those who
want to be weaned the lettuce cig-
arette is an easy way out. It shows
that when human ingenuity and
technology are put together sur-
prises are always in store. Chasing
the will-o'-the-wisp of endless
progress, the West is facing other
similar problems. Air pollution,
for instance. Millions of smoke-
stacks and automobiles have so
poisoned the atmosphere that gas
masks are being seriously sug-
gested as the proper solution.
Avant-garde technologists 1,ow
-
in strategic places in a smog-
boudd metropolis can clear the air.
As for the tensions created by the
stresses of modern life, potent psy-
chedelic drugs are being pre-
scribed, such as LSD. (It was a
British decimalist who claimed it
stood for pounds, shillings, pence.)
Indeed, a whole new generation of
arty-arty non-conformists styling
themselves as Hippies has sprung
up In California; they find the easy
way out of life's problems by liv-
ing it up with pills, Even the TV
syndrome may be avoided, it Is
said, by building an electronic cir-
cuit direct from the set- to the
brain, and a sleeping man may
watch a show, Unfortunately the
genius who invented the lettuce
cigarette Is in no position to think
of an easy way out of the loneli-
ness and aimlessness of life in a
computerized, competitive, sav-
agely one-up-man society.
New Delhi, India
Feb. 10, 1967
Sankei Shimbun
After Sukarno
INDONESIAN President Sukarno
Wednesday night handed over
all his powers to Gen. Suharto,
agreeing to retain the post of
President only In name. It is hoped
that with this as an opportunity,
the Indonesian people will be freed
from political and economic in-
stability.... It is a matter for fe-
licitation that bloodshed was
averted in the present political
change. A thorny path lies ahead
of the Suharto regime in tiding
over the present economic crisis.
.. In order to have access to
loans from overseas for economic
rebuilding the Suharto regime will
have to radically reform the coun-
try's administrative machinery....
RnP7R_(J R0nn2nnn_S;nn
service
Corner
Convention of Int'l
Studies Association
The eighth.annual national con
vention of the Internationa
Studies Association will take plac
on Friday and Saturday, April 14
15 on the Washington Squat
campus of New York University 1
New York City, with ISA Middl
Atlantic servicing as the host re-
gional division and with NYU an
Columbia University serving as the
co-host institutions.
Registration and some options
events have been scheduled for the
preceding day, Thursday, April 13,
The program that has been ar-
ranged so far includes a United
Nations briefing and tour, an ad-
dress on "Science, Technology and
International Politics" by William
T. R. Fox, panel sessions on such
subjects as "Methodology in Inter-
national Studies," "The Scientific
Challenge," "The Contribution of
Regional Studies to an Under-
standing of World Politics," and
"The Public Impact on Foreign
Policy."
Both Asian and American
scholars and students are welcome
to attend the convention.
The International Studies Asso-
clutlon was forinally organized on
April 14, 1960, on the campus of
the University of California,
Berkeley, Calif. The founding
members consisted largely of polit-
ical scientists on the West Coast,
but their purpose was not to create
a new organization for political
scientists. On the contrary, they
felt that the study of international
relations was the major profes-
sional concern not only of scholars
in a number of academic disci-
plines, but also of government and
international organization officials
and some individuals in other busi-
ness and professional fields. The
primary purpose of the Aspocia-
tion, therefore, was to provide an
organizational and communications
link between these diverse people
for whom the study of interna-
tional relations was a major pro-
fessional concern.
For further information about
the convention write to:
International Studies Association
University of Denver
Denver, Colorado 80210