KOREA: EVALUATION OF MAPS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-01617A002600070001-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 232
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Document Release Date: January 25, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 1, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

s
Con NO. Pb
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PRELIMINARY EDITION oljajakieE D
KOREA:
EVALUATION OF MAPS
M-7
Published November 1948
col
it/ fpi 7_ 411
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
tedapia-iiGT ED
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WARNING
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KOREA: EVALUATION OF MAPS
M-7
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
January 1949
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Purpose of the Study 1
2. Scope 1
3. Arrangement 1
PART ONE
MAPS AND MATERIALS RECOMMENDED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
I.
GENERAL
3
A.
Desk Size Maps for Ready Reference Use
3
B.
Wall Maps
3
C.
Atlases
4
D.
Place Name Information
5
E.
Gazetteers and Other Locational Aids
6
F.
Plotting Maps
7
II.
PHYSICAL FEATURES
8
A.
Terrain
8
B.
Climate
10
C.
Geology
10
III.
NATURAL RESOURCES
13
A.
Vegetation
13
B.
Soils
14
C.
Minerals
15
D.
Water Supply
18
TV.
ECONOMY
20
A.
Industry
20
1. Maps Presenting Data on Numerous Industries
20
2. Industry Maps Listed by Commodity
20
a. Iron and Steel
20
b. Non-Ferrous Metals
21
c. Petroleum
22
d. Construction Materials including Lumber
22
e. Electric Power
23
f. Fertilizer
24
g. Aircraft and Motor Vehicles
24
h. Chemicals and Munitions
24
?i. Ships and Machinery
25
j. Textiles including Silk
25
k. Firewood and Charcoal
26
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Page
T. Trade and Finance 27
C. Agriculture and Food Supply 28
1. Food Supply 28
2. General Agriculture 28
3. Specialized Crops 29
a. Rice 29
b. Wheat 30
c. Millet 30
d. Barley and Rye 30
e. Soy Beans 30
f. Fruit 30
g. Tobacco 30
h. Miscellaneous Crops 30
D. Animal Husbandry 31
E. Fishing 31
1. General 31
2. Volume of Production 32
V. TRANSPORTATION 34
A. Roads 34
B. Railroads 36
C. Ocean Waterways 37
D. Inland Waterways 38
E. Air Navigation 39
VI. COMMUNICATIONS 40
A. Telegraph 40
B. Telephone 40
C. Submarine Cables 41
D. Radio 42
E. Postal Service 42
VII. PEOPLE 43
A. Distribution 43
B. Religion 44
C. Language 45
D. Ethnic Minorities 46
E. Social Statistics 46
, F. Health 47
G. Migration and Resettlement 47
VIII. BOIDIDARiEb 48
A. Inteimational Boundaries 48
1. General 48
2. The Paektu-san Area Boundary Problem 49
B. Internal Boundaries 53
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ELGUTRICTFT)
Page
IX. CITY PLANS 55
X. MAP SOURCES 63
A. Producers and Distributors 63
B. Collections 64
XI. CONCLUSIONS 65
A. Status of Coverage (Deficiencies) 65
B. Trends 67
PART TWO
ANNOTATED LIST OF MAPS, ATLASES, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Items (1) to (205) 69 to 222
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PART ONE
Fig. 1 -- Korea-China Boundary, Location Sketch 51
Fig. 2 -- Cities and Towns over 12,000 Population 57
PART TWO
Index Maps
For Map (1)4) Geological Atlas of Chosen, 1:50,000 82
For Map (11)4) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS 165
For Map (123) Korea, 1:250,000 172
For Map (192) Korea, 1:200,000 210
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INTRODUCTION
1. Purpose of the Study. This report was prepared to aid those engaged in
basis research on Korea. It can also be used as a map guide by U.S. Government
personnel stationed in Korea, or by those training for such assignments.
2. Scope. Although numerous subjects are covered, this summary is not in-
tended to be a complete bibliography of all maps portraying Korea.
First emphasis is placed on readily available maps; however, where maps
not readily available seem particularly important, they are also noted.
Maps of a general character which bring out relationships between Korea
and nearby countries are included.
An effort was made to recommend the minimum number of maps necessary to
cover adequately a particular subject or function. Maps with texts in occidental
languages are given preference.
Many of the maps cited appear in the monthly Summation of United States
Army Military Government Activities in Korea. Some of these deal with fairly
stable distribution patterns while others pertain to matters that are subject
td rapid fluctuations such as retail prices, food stocks, production of marine
products, etc.
The maps from the monthly summations described herein were the most
recent of their types available at the time this information was assembled:
however, many of these dealing with rapidly changing relationships may be rendered
obsolete in the near future by the appearance of new maps, of similar types, in
later summation reports.
3. Arrangement. Part One recommends the beet maps and map materials for
special purposes. After each heading are noted titles and numbers of pertinent
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maps, gazetteers, atlases, and other materials, along with brief comparative and
evaluative remarks. The numbers noted in this section refer to an annotated list
(Part Two) where each item is briefly described and where information on publish-
ers, publication dates, availability, and reproduction possibilities is'given.
Where it is of special importance, some information on publishers, dates, etc.
is also included in the Part One, analytical discussion.
Throughout the report, numbers of maps, atlases, gazetteers, etc. are
given in parentheses. Regardless of where a given number appears, it invariably
refers to the same item.
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PART ONE
MAPS AND MAP MATERIALS
RECOMMENDED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
I. GENERAL
A. Desk Size Maps for Ready Reference Use
The majority of the maps discussed in this report are suitable for desk
use. Outstanding among those of a general type are (1) Korea Roads and Railroads,
1:2,000,000, which presents considerable cultural data on a vivid portrayal of
relief. Map (2) Korea Special Strategic Map, 1:2,000,000, is similar only simpli-
fied. On a somewhat larger scale is (3) Korea (Ch5sen), 1:1,200,000, which
emphasizes the cultural pattern and provides a particularly good picture of the
distribution of towns and villages. Map (4) Japan and Eastern Asia, 1:7,500,000,
and the National Geographic Society Map, (137) Japan and Korea, 1:3,000,000, are
general maps on which Korea is centered and shown in relation to adjacent coun-
tries of the Ear East.
B. Wall Maps
There appear to be no maps of Korea prepared especially as wall maps.
The Korea sheet of (5) Japan Road Map, 1:1,000,000, can be used as a wall
map where emphasis on transportation is desired but the place names are printed
in type sizes too small to permit reading at a distance.
Map (27) Korea, 1:1,000,000, a single sheet map covering all of Korea,
can also be used as a wall map. It presents place names in very small type but
the portrayal of relief with plastic shading is exceptionally vivid.
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Although only a feW of its many place names are printed in large type,
Map (23) Map of Japan and Adjacent Regions, 1:2,000,000, can be effectively used
as a wall map where there is a need for illustrating Korea's situation in rela-
tion to Japan, Eastern China, Manchuria, and nearby areas of the USSR. This map,
which is accompanied by a gazetteer, shows relief with layer colors and presents
a pattern of cultural data (including vivid international boundaries) commensurate
with its scale.
All of the three maps cited above have romanized place names and legends
in English.
C. Atlases
There is one available atlas devoted solely to Korea. This is (14)
Geological Atlas of Chosen, an excellent specialized atlas being published pro-
gressively in bound folios. Each of the 19 folios published to date contains
several sheets of a 1:50,000 geological series (geological data superimposed on
the regular 1:50,000 topographic sheets), special maps at larger scales, profiles,
and interpretive text material in both English and Japanese.
The 15 folios now available in the United States provide coverage for 13
small, widely scattered areas which aggregate about 10% of Korea's total area.
Although the coverage is not extensive, the mapped areas are generally mineral
producing sites of considerable geological interest.
Many atlases of Japan include maps and other data pertinent to Korea.
Prominent among the atlases of this type is (13) Climatic Atlas of Japan and Her
Neighboring Countries, a specialized atlas with over one hundred and fifty colored
maps providing very complete climate data for Japan, Korea, Formosa, and parts of
Manchuria. This is an important source for reliable climate information on Korea.
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?
The entire text is in both English and Japanese.
The remaining atlases of Japan which also include Korea maps, are of a more
general type. Atlas (9) Shin Nippon Zucho (New Atlas of Japan) - Japanese text - is
noted for its extensive gazetteer and reliable information on Japanese readings for
place names in Korea.
Atlas (8) Dai Nippon Fu-, Ken-Betsu etc. (Atlas of Japan, etc.) contains ex-
tensive breakdown lists of civil divisions in Japan and Korea. It includes a map
showing to (province) and kun (county) boundaries in Korea. Unfortunately, the
names and boundary data on this map are illegible on the photo-offset reproductions
prepared by the Division of Naval Intelligence.
The three
remaining atlases; (10) Atlas of
Japan, (11) New Map Collection,
and (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan, are small atlases quite similar in appearance
and scope. All emphasize Japan but include small-scale general and subject maps
pertinent to Korea. They also have gazetteers though these are not as complete
as the name list appearing in previously mentioned (9) Shin Nippon Zucho (New Atlas
of Japan). Of these three atlases, only (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan (in German)
has a Romanized gazetteer.
There is little to choose between atlases (10), (11) and (12) for each
offers subject maps not duplicated in the other two. However, (10) Atlas of
II.ElEna, seems to contain the most detailed and complete selection of Korea maps.
D. Place Name Information
The prime source for information on place name transliteration methods and
place name source is (15) Guide to Geographical Names in Korea (Ch3sen), published
by the U.S. Board of Geographic Names.
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E. Gazetteers and Other Locational Aids
In preparing the listing that follows, an attempt was made to arrange the
various gazetteers, indexes, and place name lists in the order of their potential
usefulness to readers unfamiliar with oriental languages. This proved difficult
because each of the various locational aids noted in this section is useful in a
particular way.
Number (20) Gazetteer to Maps of Korea, is the most important locational
guide for Korea. It contains about 18,000 names. Location is indicated with
geographical coordinates and grid references. Names are from the first edition
sheets of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, except for a small area in the extreme
northeast where two sheets from (195) Manchuria, 1:502,000, AMS L401 were used.
The previously cited (15) Guide to Geographical Names in Korea (ChOsen), lists
this gazetteer as one of the best available sources for romanized Korean place
names.
Number (21) Place Name Index for Korea (Ch7sen) is unique in giving
romanized Korean place name forms with their equivalent Sino-Korean characters
as well as the Korean alphabet (onmun) spellings. Location is by reference to
attached 1:1,500,000 map on which names are romanized according to their Japanese
readings.
Number (22) Map of Korea, 1:1,000,000, includes a gazetteer of 1,300
entries with romanized (McCune-Reischauer system) names keyed to a marginal
grid. Where only the names of prominent places are needed, this is a very satis-
factory location guide.
Number (23) Map of Japan and Adjacent Regions, 1:2,000,000, includes an
index in which romanized Korean names are indexed with those of Japan in an alpha-
betical sequence of about 4,500 entries. Sino-Korean characters are also given.
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Location is indicated with grid reference to the map.
Number (24) Sailing Directions for Siberia and ChUsen, H.O. 122, includes
an alphabetized index presenting romanized names from various sources. Locations
are indicated with page references to the text where coordinates are given along
with descriptive information and references to hydrographic charts.
Five of the previously cited atlases (8), (9), (10), (11), and (12), con-
tain place name lists or indices but none can be considered a general-purpose
locational aid. The one with romanized names (12) has a very abbreviated gazetteer.
None are widely available.
F. Plotting Maps
For general plotting work, (25) Korea, 1:1,000,000, a blue line base map
presenting fairly complete cultural data, appears to be best. Where emphasis on
terrain is desired, map (27) Kore.a, 1:1,000,000, can be used for plotting. If it
is desirable to show Korea in relation to adjacent areas, the various sheets of
map (26) OSS Theatre Map, 1:1,500,006, will serve asia plotting map. This set was
designed so that any number of sheets may be joined to cover any desired area.
Map (45) Highways in Korea, 1:3,000,000, is a small-scale base map emphasizing
Korea's road net. It is suitable for illustrating reports and for plotting data
related to the road pattern.
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II. PHYSICAL FEATURES
A. Terrain
Map (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMS 2), provides nearly complete
coverage on 41 sheets. Although it offers only a moderately detailed portrayal
of Korea's terrain, availability of the.sheets, English text, connection with a
gazetteer, and other factors suggest that this is the most suitable terrain map
of Korea for general use.
Where more detailed terrain information is needed, either (11)4) Korea,
1:50,000, AMS L751, or (113) Korea, 1:50,000 (Japanese text) can be used. Map (113)
Korea, 1:50,000, the basic topographical map of the country, provides complete
areal coverage. The U.S. Army Map Service has reproduced more than half the sheets
in this set as (11)4) Korea, 1:50,0)0, AMS L751, with romanized. names overprinted
in purple. These reproductions provide"complete coverage for Korea south of the
38th parallel and scattered coverage north of the 38th parallel.
Prominent among the smaller scale terrain map is (32) Eastern Asia,
1:1,000,000, which shows relief distinctly with contours and layer colors while
also presenting considerable cultural data. This series follows the sheet pattern
of the International Map of the World. By bringing in adjacent sheets the coverage
can be conveniently extended to illustrate relationships between Korea and nearby
countries.
Map (27) Korea, 1:1,000,000, a single sheet TO21), uses plastic shading to
present an exceptionally clear picture of Korea's terrain. It also locates a few
main cultural features.
Map (195) Manchuria, 1:500,000, AMS 1401, a medium scale topographical set,
covering Korea as far south as the 40th parallel, is useful in considering prob-
lems centering around the Korea-Manchuria border area.
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The maps listed below were designed to illustrate special relationship's in
connection with Korea's terrain. Each map covers the whole country on a single
sheet.
(6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence,
Contains three maps of this type. Suitability for Airfields, after
page 54, locates and classifies selected areas according to suitability
for airfield construction. Cross Country Trafficability, page 29,
classifies Korea's land surface according to capacity for carrying ve-
hicular and pedestrian traffic. Water Supply: General Features, page
48, indicates main terrain types and shows availability of water for
each type. All of the maps are scaled at 1:1,000,000 and each presents
the specialized terrain data on a background of countours and detailed
cultural information.
? (36) Korea, Slope, Terrain Regions, and Routes,
Presents detailed data on the angle of slope and brings out relation-
ships between terrain and important land routes (both road and rail-
road).
? (38) Korea, Relief and Terrain Regions, 1:1,900,000.
A useful small-sheet physical map on.which the ruggedness of the terrain
is shown with oblique shading and elevation is indicated with layer
colors.
(35) Korea, Vegetation and Terrain Regions,
Delineates and names terrain regions. -Shows relationships between
terrain and vegetation.
Other terrain maps, all with Japanese texts, are (94) Korea, 1:10,000, an old,
irregularly aligned series of detailed city-vicinity maps, and (192) Korea, 1:200,000,
a topographical set covering all of Korea. The 1:200,000 series was for some time
the most widely used medium scale map of Korea but, for American users, it now offers
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little that is not covered better on the more recent, multi-colored sheets of (123)
Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMB 2).
B. Climate
Most of the available weather and climate maps pertinent to Korea are asso-
ciated with accompanying text and statistical material.
One of the best, well-rounded, summaries on Korea's weather and climate is
(68) A Climatic Summary of Korea. In addition to a series. of maps showing average
weather conditions in all parts of Korea month by month, the booklet presents maps
dealing with surface wind conditions, mean temperature, and precipitation. Inter-
pretive text material and statistical tables are included.
Relative completeness of the data, brevity, ready availability, and other
factors suggest that this will be the climatic study most suitable for general use.
More detailed climatic information pertaining to Korea will be found in
(13) Climatic Atlas of Japan and Her Neighboring Countries (text in English and
Japanese). This large atlas presents over one hundred and fifty colored climatic
maps covering Japan, Korea, Formosa; and parts of Manchuria. It summarizes the
climate records for the period 1897-1925 and includes maps dealing with aspects
of Korea's climate not covered by other available materials.
Item (58) Weather and Climate of Tsushima Island'and the Surrounding
Strait, is a study similar in scope to (68) 'cited above. It emphasizes south-
eastern Korea and the Tsushima strait area.
Map (191) Rainfall According to Locality, 1:5,000.000, clearly indicates
the distribution of rainfall in relation to province (to) boundaries.
C. Geology
The most important geological map of Korea is a 1:50,000 series prepared
by the Geological Survey of Chosen. The sheets of this set have been bound in
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folios and published with interpretive text material under the title (14) Geologi-
cal Atlas of Chosen. Most sheets carry complete texts in English and Japanese.
The colored geological information is overprinted on the same relief data used for
(113) Korea, 1:50,000.
There are indications that 19 geological atlas folios have been published
but only 15 of these were known to be in the United States in November 1947. The
available folios cover many important mineral producing centers but their aggregate
coverage amounts to only 10% of Korea's total area.
Various smaller scale, single sheet, geological maps covering all of Korea
have been published. The best of these appear to be: (130) General Geological Map
of Chosen (Korea), 1:1,000,000, and (124) Geological Map of Chosen Showing Distribu-
tion of Minerals, 1:1,000,000, both of which have texts in English and Japanese.
The geological information on map (130) is presented in almost identical
form on: Geology, 1:1,000,000, page 74 in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence.
For American users, availability, English text, and accompanying interpretive data
will make this map more useful than the Japanese original (130).
Several publications of the Geological Survey of Korea, under the Government
General of Chosen, include useful geological maps. Outstanding among these are:
(127) Bulletin of the Mineral Survey of Ch;sen.
(126) Mineral Resources of Ch5sen (Korea).
(128) Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Chosen (Korea).
Most of the geological maps in the periodicals are scaled from 1:25,000 to
1:200,000. They cover environs of towns, mineral deposits, mine sites, and some-
times provinces. Texts are often in both English and Japanese.
For areas not covered by large scale geological maps, considerable geologi-
cal information can be inferred from such topographical maps as (113) Korea,
1:50,000, or the Army Map Service reproduction (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751.
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In addition to their relief data, these large scale sets offer information on rock
out-croppings, cliffs, crumbling banks, erosion, waterfalls, mineral springs, and
other features bearing a close relation to geology.
Some information pertinent to Korea's surface geology will also be found
on Map (112) Japanese Soil Map of Korea, 1:500,000, (Japanese text). This map has
an advantage over similar maps in that it presents detailed soil data in relation
to a fairly complete picture of terrain and cultural features.
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III. NATURAL RESOURCES
A. Vegetation
A very detailed system of vegetation symbols is used on (113) Korea, 1:50,000,
and on the Army Map Service reproduction (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751. Although
the vegetation data are not always easy to interpret, these two sets offer the most
detailed information available on natural vegetation for a large portion of Korea.
Vegetation, 1:1,000,000, page 63 in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence
appears to be the best single sheet vegetation map of Korea. It shows distribution
of six main vegetation types on a fairly complete background of physical and cultural
data; reliability is fair.
Map (35) Korea Vegetation and Terrain Regions, 1:1,900,000, covers all of
Korea on a single sheet using distinctive colors to locate five main vegetation
types. This desk size map gives a general picture of Korea's vegetation but it is
not as complete as the 1:1,000,000 map noted above. Map (30) Korea Vegetation
Regions, 1:4,200,000, which also,covers all of Korea on a single sheet, locates
boundaries for ten main vegetation regions each of which is described in the legend.
The following maps all deal with Korea's forests:
(125) Economic Map of Chosen, 1:1,500,000, (Japanese text).
Covers Korea on one sheet, presents a clear though
highly generalized picture of the distribution of
Koreas forests. Specific tree types are not identified.
(129) Map of Forest Distribution of Chosen, 1:500,000,
(Japanese text).
For many years this was the basic forestry map of Korea.
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Though now rather out-of-date, it still presents considerable informa-
tion of Value. Tree types are identified, reforested areas are shown,
and boundaries for various forest administrative areas are indicated.
(144) Forest Area Uses - South Korea, 1:5,500,000.
A small-scale cartogram indicating forest acreage for each south Korean
province. Forest area uses (e.g. log production, erosion control, fire-
wood, etc.) are indicated.
B. Soils
The most important soil map of Korea appears to be (112) Japanese Soil Map
of Korea, 1:500,000, (Japanese text), which covers the whole country presenting
detailed soil data on a background of form lines and cultural information.
Soils: Engineering Properties, 1:1,000,000, pages 66, in (6) Korea (Summary)
Terrain Intelligence, Classifies Korea's soils emphasizing characteristics import-
ant in engineering. The map is keyed to tables on adjoining pages which present
soil profiles and other detailed information.
The 1:4,000,000 soil map in (10) Atlas of Japan, (Japanese text), covers all
of Korea and provides an effective small-scale picture of the distribution of main
soil types.
Map (196) Japanese Soils, 1:3,000,000, covers both Japan and Korea on a
single sheet. Although it is on a slightly larger scale, this map is considerably
less detailed than the 1:4,000,000 map cited above.
Cross Country Trafficability, 1:1,000,000, page 29, in (6) Korea (Summary)
Terrain Intelligence, classifies main soil types according to traffic carrying
capacity. Soils data are presented on a background which includes contours, spot
heights, roads, railroads and a good selection of place names.
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Map (37) Korea, Soil Trafficability Map, 1:2,100.000, is a specialized soil
map emphasizing factors affecting the soil's capacity for carrying vehicles. Dis?
tribution of soil types is shown with shading. This map is handy and easy to use
but it lacks background cultural data and is less detatled than the trafficability
map cited above.
Some of the previously cited terrain and geological maps such as: (114)
Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751; (113) Korea, 1:50,000: and (130) General Geological Map
of Chosen, 1:1,000,000 offer data bearing an important relation to soils.
C. Minerals
There are numerous maps showing the distribution of ore deposits and miineral
exploitation sites in Korea. Among the best are:
(51) Map of Producing Mines in Korea, 1:1,000,000, (Japanese text).
(124) Geologic Map of Chosen Showing Distribution of Minerals, 1:1,000,000.
(Japanese and abridged English texts).
' (130) General Geological Map of Chosen, 1:1,000,000. (Japanese and abridged
English texts).
(125) Economic Map of ChOsen,
1:1,500,000, (Japanese text).
These four maps cover all of Korea and present mineral information in rela-
tion to fairly complete patterns of cultural data, to (province) boundaries, place
names, transportation features, etc.
Number (51) locates deposits, identifies the exploited mineral, and uses
graphic circle devices to indicate the volume of production at prominent sites.
Maps (124) and (130) locate mines, identifying the exploited mineral, on a
background of geological data. No information is given on the relative importance
of the various mineral localities.
Map (125) locates numerous mine sites (exploited mineral identified) and
provides a particularly clear picture of the distribution of coal fields. This map
has the advantage of presenting mineral data in relation to other economic informa-
tion (forests, fishing, agriculture, transportation).
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Coal, 1:2,000,003, page 80, in (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence,
deals only with coal deposits. Anthracite and lignite are differentiated but
producing and potentially productive areas are not.
Item (193) Mineral Resources of Southern Korea offers useful mineral infor-
mation for the area south of the 38th parallel. Extensive descriptive data and
statistics are accompanied by a series of outline maps on which main deposits are
shown. Although the locational information is not detailed, this study is still
important for its recent data on volume of production.
Sources of Construction Materials, 1:1,000,000, page 71, in (6) Korea (Sum-
mary) Terrain Intelligence, locates areas where sand, gravel, and quarriable rock
are available.
Item (14) Geological Atlas of Chosen,includvs considerable data on ore de-
posits, mineral producing regions, and nine sites. Some of this information will
be found on the colored, 1:50,000 geological sheets. Other mineral maps associated
with the interpretive text includes geological profiles, maps of mineral producing
regions and plans showing shaft layouts of individual mines. In many instances
the text is in both English and, Japanese.
Various periodicals published during the last thirty years by the Geological
Survey of Korea include many excellent maps dealing with minerals. The titles of
these publications are as follows:
(127) Bulletin of the Mineral Survey of ChSsen.
(126) Mineral Resources of Ch;sen (Korea).
(128) Bulletin of the Geological Survey of ChZsen.
Many of the maps (1:10,000 to 1:200,000) in these journals, cover important
mineral producing areas. Some show installations connected with the exploitation of
minerals and many present related geological information. Most map texts are in
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both English and Japanese.
Several readily available U.S. published maps, compiled during World War II,
offer mineral information in connection with data on related industries. The five
maps listed below (each covering all of Korea) are of this type.
(64) Korea, Non-Ferrous Metals and Non-Metallic Minerals, 1:2,000,000.
Locates mines, identifying the exploited mineral.
Some mine locations are approximate.
(66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000.
Locates mine sites for ten main minerals.
(61) Korea, Iron and Steel Industry, 1:3.800.000.
Locates iron and ferro alloy ore mines.
(62) Korea, Coal and Petroleum. 1:3,800,000.
Symbols indicate approximate locations of major coal fields. Figures
near symbols show the number of mines in each field.
(197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea, (Chosen),
1:1,625,000.
Locates numerous mines and deposits, identifies the exploited mineral,
provides data on about 25 different minerals.
The three small-scale maps noted below cover Korea south of the 38th paral-
lel. They originally appeared in various issues of the Summation of United States
Army Military Government Activities in Korea. Although the maps are not detailed,
they present mineral production information based on 1946 figures.
(140) Output of Operating Metal Mines and Smelters, 1:8,000,000.
Locates mineral producing areas and indicates volume of production.
(158) Principal Salt Producing Areas, 1:9,000,000.
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(169) Coal Mining -- South Korea, 1:9,000,000.
Locates coal mining areas and indicates volume of production.
Mines are located by symbol on various topographical set maps such as (113)
Korea, 1:50,000, (114) Korea,1:50,000, NMS L751, (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551,
and (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000.
D. Water Supply
Some of the best available maps offering data pertinent to Korea's water
supply appear in (41) Water Supply and Sewerage of Korea, Strategic Engineering
Study No. 155. This work includes a? general water supply map covering all of Korea
and six city plans showing details for the more important city water systems. The
accompanying text, tables, and statistical material aid in interpreting the maps.
Aside from their information on water supply installations, the city plans
in this study offer nothing that is not covered better on the plans cited in Sec-
tion IX, CITY PLANS.
Map (42) Korea Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, 1:2,000,000, is similar in
scope to the general water supply map appearing in'the above mentioned engineering
study, item (41). It is on a larger scale and presents more information on springs,
dams, and drainage but does not provide as much technical data on individual city
water systems.
Item (6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, includes two useful water
supply maps. The most important of these (Water Supply, 1:1,000,000, page )-8)
classifies Korea's terrain according to the natural availability of water. An ad-
joining table explains the classifications used on the map. The other map (Water
Supply: Municipal Systems and Sewage Disposal, 1:1,500,000, page 50) is a simple
outline map on which underlining of names Indicates the type of data available
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(in the adjoining text) on each city water system. The tables to which the map is
keyed are quite detailed and they include estimates as to the reliability of the
water supply data.
The medium scale topographical set, map (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551,
effectively portrays important dams and reservoirs.
Springs, wells, dams, and other water supply features are identified with
varying clarity on the sheets of (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751 and (113) Korea,
1:50,000.
Map (43) KyOngsOng (Seoul, Keijo) and Inch'On (Chemulpo, Jinsen) Water Sup-
ply Sketch Map, 1:47,000, provides an effective analysis of the water supply system
serving the cities of kiongsong (Seoul) and Inch'On.
Various maps offering pertinent data on sround water and mineral springs
are to be found in the periodicals: (127) Bulletin of the Mineral Survey of
Chosen, and (128) Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Ch5sen (Korea).
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IV. ECONOMY
A. Industry
The available maps presenting data on Korea's industries are numerous and
varied. Differences in coverage patterns, scope, reliability, and other factors
make it desirable to divide this section into two major parts.
The first part provides a listing of general economic maps that show several
types of industrial activity. The second part presents a listing of map titles by
commodity along with brief descriptive and analytical comments. If a particular
nap provides data on more than one commodity, its listing is repeated wherever it
seems justified. A few of the more general maps noted in the first part are re-
peated under the commodity headings. Unless otherwise noted, each map covers all
of Korea.
1. Maps Pr6senting Data on Numerous Industries
(197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea (Chosen),
1:1,625,000.
Provides fairly reliable data on the distribution of main refineries,
smelters, and petroleum processing plants.
(66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, 1:3,000.000.
Presents a fairly well-rounded view of Korea's industry. Important
plants are located with picture symbols.
(47) Korea, Industrial Concentrations, 1:4,000,000.
Provides a breakdown of major industrial concentrations. Distinctive
coloring applied by province indicates degree of industrialization.
2. Industry Maps Listed by Commodity
a. Iron and Steel
(194) Korea, Iron and Steel Industry, 1:8,000,000.
Based on 1946 data; apparently the most recent iron and steel map
available. Rather crude and sketchy; should be studied in con-
nection with accompanying text material.
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(140) Output of Operating Metal Mines and Smelters, 1:8,000,000.
Covers South Korea only, shows distribution of iron and steel
production (quantitative) for most of 1946.
(61) Korea, Iron and Steel Industry, 1:3,800,000.
The best U.S.-published iron and steel map based on wartime data.
Available in quantity, and suitable for general use even though the
data on "integration" of plants is not too clear. Includes informa-
tion on ferro-alloy ore mines.
(197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea (Chosen),
1:1,625,000.
Presents reasonably accurate iron and steel data in relation to
information on other mineral producing and processing centers.
b. Non-Ferrous Metals
(197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea (ChSsen),
1:1,625,000.
Based on wartime data but quite complete and reliable for locating
main processing centers.
(64) Korea, Non-Ferrous Metals and Non-Metallic Minerals, 1:2,000,000.
Based on wartime data location of many plants is approximate.
Confined strictly to non-ferrous metals, not as complete or reliable
as the map noted above.
(66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000.
Presents data on non-ferrous metal processing centers along with
other industrial activity.
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(47) Korea Industrial Concentration, 1:4,000,000.
A more generalized treatment of data covered by the preceding map
(66).
c. Petroleum
(62) Koreaz Coal and Petroleum, 1:3,800,000.
Based on wartime data, symbols locate petroleum refineries and
synthetic oil plants .
(197) Important Mines, Oil, and Metallurgical Plants of Korea (Ch3sen),
1:1,625,000 .
Locates main petroleum refineries.
(53) Minor Oil Facilities of Korea, (With Related Transportation),
1:3,900,000.
Symbols locate packaged oil warehouses and depots.
(57) Breakdown of the Standard Vacuum Oil Co. in Japan and Korea,
various scales.
Contains a series of 60 city plans, sketches, and diagrams showing
Standard Vacuum properties and installations in Korea. Precise
property dimensions are given.
d. Construction Materials Including Lumber
(63) Korea, Plants Producing Construction Materials, 1:3,800,000.
Based on wartime data, symbols locate plants producing cement,
structural steel, brick, tile, building stone and other materials.
(168) Lumber Production, 1:4,500,000.
Based on 1942 data, shows lumber production (quantitative) by
province. Ten types of lumber identified.
(167) Sawmills, 1:4,500,000.
Cover's South Korea only, shows distribution of sawmills as of
Sept. 1946.
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e. Electric Power
(198) Electric Power of Korea (Strategic Engineering Study).
Includes various maps locating main power stations and lines
classifies stations as to power output. Accompanying text, tables,
and stetistics deal with all phases of Korea's power supply.
(5)4) Korea, Distribution of Electric Power Plants, 1:2,000,000.
An effective single sheet map locating and classifying Korea's
power installations. Thermoelectric and hydroelectric plants are
differentiated by color.
(125) Economic Map of Ch5sen, 1:1,500,000 (Japanese text).
Includes 1:3,000,000 inset showing distribution of developed power
sites. Varied symbols indicate each site's actual or estimated
capacity in kilowatts.
(66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines,
1:3,000,000.
Locates main power lines and plants. Brings out relationships
between electric power and other industries. Shows operating
and incomplete power dams.
()44) Fusen-Chashin Power Development, 1:120,000.
A detailed, single sheet topographic map showing the many import-
ant power installations north of Hungnam (Konen).
(67) Choshin-Fusen Hydraulic Power Plants and Konen Nitrogen Fertilizer
Plant in Korea, n.s.
A diagrammatic perspective map showing the Changjin and Fusen power
stations, their transmission lines, and the main industrial
plants in HUngnam which they supply.
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(65) Suiho Dam and Environs (Yalu River), 1:25,000.
A large-scale plan covering the Suiho dam and adjacent installa-
tions.
1. Fertilizer
(59) Commercial Fertilizer Plants in Korea, 1:4,000,000..
Based oft 1946 data, locates fertilizer plants throughout Korea.
Plants producing phosphatic, nitrogenous, and organic fertilizers
are differentiated.
(67) Choshin-Fusen Hydraulic Power Plants and Konan Nitrogen Ferti-
lizer Plant in Korea, n.s.
Locates many of the nitrogen fertilizer plants in the Hruignam
(Konan) area.
Aircraft and Motor Vehicles
(50) Korea, Aircraft, Motor Vehicles and Munitions Plants, 1:3,900,00-).
Based on wartime data, not entirely accurate but still the best
readily available map of its type.
(47) Korea Industrial Concentration 1944, 1:4,000,0 0.
Locates aircraft and motor vehicle plants.
(66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines,
1:3,000,000.
A common symbol locates aircraft and "transport" manufacturtng
centers.
h. Chemicals and Munitions
(46) Korea, Major Chemical Plants, 1:3,500,000.
Locates 28 major chemical plants identifying the chemicals
produced or processed.
8?
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(66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power, and Mines,
1:3,000,000.
A common symbol is used to locate plants producing chemicals and
munitions.
(67) Choshin-Fusen Hydraulic Power Plants and Konan Nitrogen Fertilizer
Plant in Korea, n.s.
Covers Hungnam city and environs. Locates various important chemi-
cal plants in this area.
1. Ships and Machinery
(50) Korea, Aircraft, Motor Vehicles, and Munitions Plants,
1:3,900,000.
Locates ten munitions plants by symbol. Map based on wartime
data; no information is given on the relative importance of the
various installations.
(48) Korea, Machinery and Railway Equipment Manufacturing Centers and
Shipyards, 1:3,800,000.
Locates two classes of shipyards (19)40 data).
(47) Korea Industrial Ccncentration 1944, l:4,000,000.
Provides a highly generalized picture of the distribution of in-
dustrial plants producing ships, machinery.
Textiles Including Silk
(66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industry, Power and Mines,
1:3,000,000.
SymbOls locate eight textile production centers.
(1)45) Cotton Factories in South Korea, 1:4,000,000.
Covers South Korea locating cotton factories by symbols.
The size of the symbol is proportional to the amount of ginned
cotton processed annually.
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(180) Distribution of Cocoons Produced, 1:10,000,000.
Dots show distribution of cocoon production.
Graphic circles in-
dicate number of selected silkworms in each province.
k. Firewood and Charcoal
(166) Charcoal and Firewood Productions, 1:9,000,000.
Covers South Korea showing distribution of estimated charcoal and
firewood production for 1946.
0
Additional information on major industrial plants, as well as data on small
local industries, will be found on various plans listed under the names of cities
in Section IX, CITY PLANS.
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B. Trade and Finance
The main patterns of Korea's wartime and prewar trade, which was closely in-
tegrated with Japan's economy, are illustrated on various small-scale maps. Promi-
nent among these is page 63 in(ll) New Map Collection (Japanese text), which shows
prewar trade routes and volume of tractile between Japanese and Korean ports. A map
Indicating the principal products imported and exported from Korean ports appears
on the same
page.
Item (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan (German text) contains a map, number 35,
portraying the volume of traffic along Korean land and sea routes.
Map (39) The Japanese Shipping Position for 1942, 1:23,000,000, covers East
Asia s:lowing, among other relationships, Korea's position in Japan's wartime trade.
Also pertinent to Korea's trade and finance are several small-scale maps
dealing with price indexes and postal savings. These cover only the American occu-
pation zone south of the 38th parallel. The maps are listed below with brief com-
ments.
(174) Provincial Retail Price Indexes, 1:9,000,000.
A series of six maps, each dealing with a different commodity, showing
rural retail prices as of Sept. 1946.
(172) Urban Retail Price Indexes, 1:9,000,000.
Same as (174) for urban areas.
(170) Monthly Per Capita Food Costs, 1:9,000,000.
Two companion maps inaicate per capita food costs by province and
per capita food costs in five main cities.
(160) Postal Savings 1:6,000,000.
Shows Postal Savings deposits and withdrawals ,for early 1946.
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The organization Of the government monopoly bureau (which controls the pro-
duction and distribution of salt, tobacco, ginseng, and opium) is shown on map
(151) Monopoly Bureau Organization, 1:9,000,000.
C. Agriculture and Food Supply
This section is divided into three parts. The first part lists maps per-
taining to the food supply' situation. The second part discusses maps dealing with
agriculture generally. while the third part lists specialized maps under the names
of crops. Unless otherwise noted, each map has an English text and covers all of
Korea.
1. Food Supply
(163) Summer Grain Production Per Capita, 1:9,000,000.
Covers only South Korea showing 1946 summer grain production in
relation to the South Korea average. Also provides data on grain
surpluses and deficits.
(171) Government Controlled Staple Food Stocks, 1:9,000,000.
Covers only South Korea showing the distribution of staple food
stocks as of October 1946.
(28) Surpluses and Deficits of Staple Food Production, 1:3,800,000.
A complicated quantitative distribution map designed to bring out
relationships between areas with adequate and inadequate food
supplies.
2. General Agriculture
Maps (40) Land Utilization in Japan, 1:3,700,000, and (34) Korea,
Agricultural Production and Communications, 1:4,300,000, show agriculture in rela-
tion to natural vegetation. Map (143) Arable Lands - South Korea, 1:6,000.000,
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covers only South Korea presenting generalized data on the distribution and owner-
ship of arable land.
Very detailed information on the agriculture of various regions is given
on the sheets of (114) Korea, 1:30,000, AMS L751 and (113) Korea, 1:50,000 (Japa-
nese text). On these sets, rice cultivation (irrigated, dry), orchards, and cul-
tivated marshes are located. Mulberry and tea growing areas are also shown.
(125) Economic Map of ChiSsen, 1:1,500,000 (Japanese text).
Roughly locates production centers for a number of main crops. This
map has the advantage of presenting general agricultural information
in relation to other important economic features such as forests,
mines, and fishing.
(131) A Study of Chinese Emigrants Settled in Korea on Fire Farms.
Includes an effective 1:8,000,000 map showing the distribution of
arable land by distinctive colors.
3. Specialized Crops
Unless otherwise noted in the comments following the title, each map listed
!under this heading is a dot distribution map covering all of Korea. All map texts
are in English.
a. Rice
(116) Rice (irrigated), 1:12,500,000.
(176) Distribution of /Mice 7 Paddy Fields, 1:10,000,000.
(165) Rice Production Per Capita-Provinces, 1:9,000,000.
Covers only South Korea using pie graphs to show late 1946 rice pro-
duction in relation to the South Korea average.
(146) Rice Collection Program, South Korea 1 Dec. 1946 to Aug. 1947,
1:9,000,000.
Covers only South Korea indicating prospective surpluses and deficits
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in rice production.
b. Wheat
(122) Wheat, 1:12,500,000.
(175) Distribution of Cultivation of Wheat, 1:10,000,000.
c. Millet
(120) Millet, 1:12,500,000.
(178) Distribution of Cultivation of Italian Millet, 1:10,000,000.
d. Barley and Rye
(177) Distribution of Cultivation of Barley and Rye, 1:10,000,000.
(121) Barley, 1:12,500,000.
e. Soy Beans
,(1181 Soy Beans, 1:12,500,000.
(181) Distribution of Cultivation of Soy Beans, 1:10,000,000.
f. Fruit
(186) Distribution of Grape Growing, 1:10,000,000.
(185) Distribution of Pear Growing, 1:10,000,000.
(183) Distribution of Apple Growing, 1:10,000,000.
g. Tobacco
(69) Tobacco Map of Japan, 1:1,500,000.
Color locates cultivation zones for major tobacco varieties and sub
types.
(159) Principal Tobacco Producing Areas, 1:9,000,000.
Covers only South Korea. Locates tobacco growing areas and identi-
fies a few main varieties.
h. Miscellaneous Crops
(117) Mulberry Trees, 1:12,500,000.
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(179) Distribution of Cultivation of Cotton, 1:10,000,000.
(182) Distribution of Cultivation Of. Hemp, 1:10,000,000.
(187) Distribution of Cultivation of Potatoes, 1:10,000,000.
(119) Radishes, 1:12,500,000.
(157) Principal Ginseng Producing Areas, 1:9,000,000.
D. Animal Husbandry
There are a few small-scale maps showing the distribution of farm animals in
Korea. Among the best of these are:
(184) Distribution of Farmyard Fowls, 1:10,000,000.
(188) Distribution of Horses, Donkeys, Mules, Goats, Sheep, 1:10,000,000.
(189) Distribution of Pigs, 1:10,000,000.
(190) Distribution of Cattle (Oxen), 1:10,000,000.
These are English text dot maps covering all of Korea.
A small scale map on page 29 in (12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan (German text)
also shows the distribution of farm animals in Korea:
E. Fishing
In the following tabulation, maps providing data on Korea's fisheries are
divided into two groups. The first group includes maps dealing with general rela-
tionships such as areas where certain fish are caught, number and type of boats.
number of workers, processing plants, restricted fishing areas, etc. In the second
group are Statistical maps providing data on the volume of production. All of the
maps except three have English texts and each map covers all of Korea unless other-
wise noted.
1. General
(205) Japanese Fisheries Map, 1:3,000,000 (Japanese text).
A carefully prepared wall map covering Japan, Korea, and adjacent
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seas. Identifies types of fish caught, main fishing areas, important
processing installations, and provides data on volume of catch.
(149) Fisheries, 1:9,000,000.
An excellent series of small-scale maps showing restricted fish:Ing
areas, government control stations, associations and guilds, as well
as various types of plants connected with the fishing industry. Some
of the maps cover all of Korea while others are confined to South
Korea.
(156) Principal Fishing Areas and Fishing Ports, Korea, 1:4,500,000.
Locates fishing ports and principal fishing areas. Shows areas
planted with codfish eggs in 1946.
(164) Fisheries Workers and Fleet, 1:9,000,000.
Covers only South Korea, giving data on number of fishing workers,
tonnage of boats, types of boats, etc.
(11) New Map Collection.
Map 2, page 62, 1:6,000,000 locates fishing areas and identifies
types of fish caught. (Japanese text).
(125) Economic Map of Chasen, 1:1,500,000 (Japanese text).
Symbols printed around Korea's coasts identify areas where
certain types of fish (cod, salmon, whitefish, red snapper, etc.)
are caught.
2. Volume of Production (The three maps listed in this group cover South
Korea only.)
(162) Processed Marine Products, 1:9,000,000.
Production of processed marine products is? indicated with pie
graphs and figures in provinces.
(147) Fisheries Productions, 1:9,000,000.
Shows volume of the fish catch in metric tons and the value in yen.
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(161) Fish Catch - South Korea, 1:9,000,000.
Indicates volume of the fish catch - July 1946.
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V. TRANSPORTATION
A. Roads
The three most important maps offering information on the roads of Korea
appear to be (123) Korea, 1:250,000, ANS L551 (AMS 2), a set map suitable for use
in the field as an operational road guide; (5) Japan Road Map, 1:1,003,000, Korea
sheet, suitable for route planning and limited field use; (1) Korea Roads and
Railroads, 1:2,000,000, appropriate for desk use and route planning but not
suitable for use in the field.
Maps (123) and (5) provide complete coverage except for a few small areas
in the extreme northeast. Map (1) covers the whole country. All three have
English texts.
Numerous other maps and reference materials present specialized aspects of
Korea's road net. The best are noted below along with brief descriptive and evalu-
ative comments.
(32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000.
A small-scale topographic set presenting fairly detailed road data.
By bringing in adjacent sheets, the coverage can be extended to illus-
trate Korea's road connections with Manchuria and the USSR.
(110) Highways of Korea.
A map-illustrated Strategic Engineering Study noteworthy for its de-
tailed data on road width, construction materials, traffic capacity,
bridges, etc.
(139) Highways - South Korea, Sept.1946, 1:4,300,000.
A sketchy road map covering South Korea only. It shows existing
roads and roads under construction as of September 1946.
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(6) Korea (Summsry) Terrain Intelligence.
This study includes three maps which present supplementary road data
of considerable value. Road Construction and Maintenance, 1:1,000,000,
page 62, classifies Korea's land surface according to the prevalence
of conditions which favor or retard road building; Rivers, 1:1,000,000,
page 32, emphasizes river crossings (bridges, ferries, fords) while
Cross-Country Trafficability, 1:1,000,000, page 29,classiifies Korea's
soils according to their capacity for carrying vehicular and pedes-
trian traffic.
(37) Korea, Soil Trafficability Map, 1:2,100,000:
Presents data on the soil's capacity for carrying vehicles under
varying climatic. conditions. Although it is simpler and easier to
use, this map is not as detailed and complete as the cross-country
trafficability map cited above.
(36) Korea, Slope, Terrain Regions and Routes, 1:1,900,000.
Presents detailed data on the angle of slope; brings out relation-
ships between roads and terrain.
(45) Highways in Korea, 1:3,000,000.
A small outline map showing Korea's main road net. It is suitable
for illustrating reports and plotting data related to roads.
(8)
Dai Nippon Fu-, Ken-BetAu Chizu Narabi Chimei Daiken, (Atlas of Japan,
Maps of Cities and Prefectures with Gazetteer).
Includes a 1:2,000,000 transportation map providing information on
distances between named places.
Information on roads in and around urban areas will be found on the various
plans listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS.
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B. Railroads
Korea's railroad net was modified considerably during the war. Most avail-
able maps showing railways do not present an entirely accurate picture. For many
sections of track only approximate alignment data are now available.
In the following tabulation, various maps showing railroads have been noted
along with brief descriptive and evaluative comment's. The first five maps appear
to be most important. The order in which they are listed has little significance
for each is useful in a particular way.
(123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, (AMS 2).
Covers all of Korea, locates 4'8 1/2" gauge and narrow gauge railways
(single track, double track). In general, this series offers the
most detailed data available on track alignment; although in areas
for which air photo coverage or' other reliable sources were unavail-
able, track alignment is sometimes approximate. Where this is true
"approximate alignment" appears on the map. Tunnels and bridges are
located.
(7) Railroads of Korea, 1:2,500,000.
Covers all of Korea and is devoted solely to railroad data. Presents
detailexl classification and precise gauge figures. Distinguishes
single from multiple track, identifies bridges, shops, yards, and
other features.
(1) Korea Roads and Railroads, 1:2,000,000.
Presents a clear, small-scale portrayal of Korea's railroads.
Locates railroad facilities and provides data on multiple track,
gauges, and tunnels.
?
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(32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000, AMS 5301.
A small-scale topographic set providing complete coverage for Korea on
six sheets. Railroad data varies from sheet to sheet but most sheets
show whether lines are double or single track and broad or narrow
gauge--alignment is sometimes approximate. By bringing in adjacent
sheets, the coverage can be extended to illustrate Korea's railroad
connections with Manchuria and the USSR.
(5) Japan Road Map, 1:1,000.000.
The Korea sheet of this series covers nearly all of Korea except a
small area in the extreme northeast. Railroad alignment is shown in
more detail and in relation to a more complete cultural background
than on map (1). Gauges are identified but no information is given
on facilities, multiple tracks, or tunnels.
(36) Korea, Slope, Terrain Regions and Routes, 1:1,900,000
Presents detailed data on the angle of slope and brings out relation-
ships between railroad right-of-ways and terrain.
(133) Pilotage Charts, 1:500,000.
(134) Aeronautical Approach Charts, 1:250,000.
For certain areas, these larger scale aeronautical charts present a
very effective portrayal of railway tunnels and bridges.
Large scale pictures of railway facilities (terminals, yards, shops, etc.)
in urban areas are offered by various plans listed under the names of cities in
Section IX, CITY PLANS.
C. Ocean Waterways
The charts prepared by the Japanese Navy,.(200) Japanese Bydrographic.
Charts, are the prime source for information on the ports, coasts, and coastal
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waterways of Korea. The Japanese have published over 70 charts which provide com-
plete coverage for Korea at various scales. Texts are usually both English and
Japanese.
Charts published in the United States, (199) United States Hydrographic
Charts; are important to American users becausl of their ready availability.
These charts were compiled largely from Japanese charts and cover Korea completely
although, for some areas, the Japanese charts provide coverage at a larger scale.
Item (24) Sailing Directions for Siberia and Chosen, presents detailed
navigation instructions for Korea's coasts and offshore islands. The description
of ports, landing places, islands and other features make this volume very useful
in interpreting hydrographic charts and other map materials offering data on
Korea's coastal areas.
Map (201) Korea, Ports, Landings, and Anchorages, 1:2,100,000, covers all
of Korea using loading capacity as a criterion for a rather detailed classifica-
tion of ports.
D. Inland Waterways
The two most important maps dealing with Korea's inland waterways appear
to be: Diagrammatic Map, Wnterways of Korea, 1:1,500,000; a simple diagrammEtic
sketch showing navigability for three types of vessels; and a nompanion map.
Waterways of Korea, 1:1,500,000, which shows the stream detail omitted on the
diagrammatic map. Both appear in (138) Waterways of Korea Strategic Engineering
Study, #158. This work also includes text, tables, pictures, diagrams, plans, and
other data helpful in interpreting the hydrography patterns shown on various maps.
Additional material on inland waterways will be found in (6) Korea (Summary)
Terrain Intelligence, which contains a useful map (Rivers, 1:1,000,000, page 32)
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emphasizing stream crossings (bridges, ferries, fords) while also showing naviga-
bility.
E. Air Navigation
Korea is completely covered by relatively recent American Air Forces Aero-
nautical charts scaled at 1:1,000,000, and 1:500,000. USAF Aeronautical approach
charts scaled at 1:250,000 provide nearly complete coverage.
Although these charts are not as complete and reliable as charts at similar
scales covering the United States, they are still the most important air navigation
guides for Korea.
The small-scale charts, (132) World Aeronautical Charts, 1:1,000,000, pre-
sent a fairly complete assortment of air navigation information on a generalized
background of physical and cultural data. These charts were intended for use in
route planning and for air navigation on longer flights.
The 1:500,000 charts, (133) Pilotage Charts, are intermediate in detail
between the 1:1,000,000 charts and the aeronautical approach charts scaled at
1:250,000.
The large-scale charts, (134) Aeronautical Approach Charts, 1:250,000, were
intended primarily as guides to be used in approaching landing fields. The physi-
cal and cultural data have been selected and generalized for this special purpose.
Various sheets of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMS 2) provide an excel-
lent portrayal of airfields and surrounding cultural features. Most airfields are
named and the alignment of some runways is shown.
Suitability for Airfields, 1:1,000,000, after page 54 in (6) Korea (Summary)
Terrain Intelligence, locates and classifies selected areas as to their suitability
for airfield construction.
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VI. COMMUNICATIONS
A. Telegraph
For general use, map (29) Telecommunications, 1:2,000,000, a desk siz.2 map
covering all of Korea, offers the most complete and reliable information on Korea's
telegraph system. Stations and lines are located and relationships between these
and other telecommunications features are shown.
Item (111) Communications Map (Chosen), 1:1,200,000 (Japanese text), is a
useful telecommunications and postal map published by the Superintendent of Com-
munications of the Government General of Chosen. Although this map is dated 1933,
it is still significant for its detailed classification of telegraph offices, ex-
changes, and administrative centers. It includes insets for Ky5ngsOng and Pusan,
The 1:2,000,000 map on page 51 in (8) Dai Nippon Fu-KeKen-Betsu Chizu Narabi
Chimei Daikan, (Atlas of Japan, Maps of Cities and Prefectures with Gazetteer)
Japanese text - clearly locates main telegraph stations. The legends of (111-)
Korea, 1:50,000, ANS L751 and (113) Korea, 1:50,000, provide symbols for three
classes of telegraph offices but these are often difficult to identify on the maps.
Where telegraph information is needed for urban areas, city plans are often
the best available source. Many of the pluns listed in Section IX, CITY PLANS,
include data on telegraph offices and related features.
B. Telephone
Item (111) Communications Map (Chosen), 1:1,200,000 (Japanese text), locates
long distance telephone lines and various classes of telephone offices, exchanges,
and administrative centers. Although dated 1933, this map still presents a rather
effective outline of Korea's telephone system.
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The best readily available English text map showing Korea's telephone system
appears to be (29) Telecommunications, 1:2,000,000, which provides reasonably reli-
able telephone information for all of Korea. Telephone repeater stations are loca-
ted but telephone lines are not always differentiated from telegraph.
Map (150) Telephone Control Offices, 1:5,000,000, covers all of Korea show-
ing the distribution of telephone subscribers.
The legends of (114) Korea, 1:50,000, ANS L751 and (113) Korea, 1:50,000,
provide a symbol for telephone offices but this is often difficult to identify on
the sheets of these sets.
Many of the maps listed under Section IX, CITY PLANS, include data on tele-
phone offices and associated features in major cities aria larger towns.
C. Submarine Cables
Although it is based on data assembled during the war, map (29) Telecommuni-
cations, 1:2,000,000, presents fairly reliable data on the main submarine cables
connecting Japan and Korea. Telegraph cables are differentiated from telephone
cables.
Map (23) Map of Japan and Adjacent Regions, 1:2,000,000, covers Korea, Japan,
Manchuria, China and nearby areas of the USSR providing an effective portrayal of
the cable network connecting these areas. The alignment of the main cables between
Korea and Japan is shown in greater detail on this map than on map (29) cited above;
but the various types of cables are not differentiated.
Pusan (Pusan) is a vital focal point for submarine cables serving Korea.
Various United States Hydrographic Office charts -- see (199) United States Hydro-
graphic Charts -- present a clear picture of the alignment and shore connections
of submarine cables terminating at this important port.
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Several Japanese charts -- see (200) Japanese Hydrographic Charts -- also
include useful data on submarine cables.
D. Radio
Radio broadcasting stations south of the 38th parallel are clearly lo:ated
on map (154) Korean Broadcasting Corporation, 1;6,000,000. This map gives each
station's call letters and indicates its normal reception area.
Map (29) Telecommunications appears to be the only available map presenting
a reasonably complete, single sheet, Picture of radio transmission facilities for
all of Korea. It locates broadcasting stations (giving call letters, if known)
radio direction finders, radiotelegraph stations, and other types of radio instal-
lations. This map is based on data assembled during the war and its portrayal of
Korea's radio facilities is not entirely up-to-date and reliable.
Item (132) World Aeronautical Charts, 1:1,000,000, 2rovides data on radio
facilities associated with air navigation.
E. Postal Service
The best available postal map (111) Communications Map (Chosen), 1:1,200,000
(Japanese text), locates various types of offices, administrative centers, relay
points, delivery routes, and exchange points. Distances between stations are given
and the types and frequency of service are indicated in many cases. Although
Korea's postal system has been altered by the division of the country, it seems
probable that the general outline presented on this map is still valid.
Different, classes of postal stations and administrative centers are located
with varying clarity on the sheets of maps '(113) Korea, 1:50,000, and (114) Korea,
1:50,000, AMES L751.
Information on postal facilities.in urban areas will be found on a great
many of the plans listed under the names of cities in Section 1X, CITY PLANS.
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VII. PEOPLE
A. Distribution
Nearly all of the available maps showing the distribution of population in
Korea are based on statistical data assembled in the 1930's. These maps do not
adequately record the population movements resulting from the Japanese war effort.
Recent developments such as the repatriation of Japanese and the return of
Koreans formerly residing abroad are partially reported on various graphs and sta-
tistical charts appearing in the monthly "Summation of United States Army Military
Government Activities in Korea"; however, these very recent trends have not yet
been adequately mapped.
Only one of the maps (49) noted in the following tabulation is readily
availableeand it has many inadequacies. Items (10) and (115) though carefully
drafted, present a somewhat out-of-date picture. Map (19) is a sketchy, small-
scale map giving the main outline of recent trends on the population movement.
(49) Distribution of Population in Korea, 1:2,250,000.
The portrayal of population distribution is crude and sketchy. The
map is included in this listing because it appears to be the only
population map of Korea for which distribution copies are readily
available. The population data are based on statistics of 1938.
(10) Atlas of Japan (Japanese text).
Page 43-44, 1:10,000,000, provides two pictures of the distribution
of population in the Japanese Empire.
(a) On a dot distribution map. (b) With distinctive coloring on a
map showing internal political divisions. Though the scale is small,
both portrayals are effective. Having them on a single page
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facilitates camparison. Map 3, 1:7,000,000, on page 37 shows the dis-
tribution of population by dots. This map covers only Korea.
(115) Population, 1:12,500,000.
Distribution of rural population (1932 statistics) is shown by dots.
The nuMber of inhabitants in each urban area is indicated by pie
graphs proportional in size to the city's population.
(19) Percent of Population Change, 1:10,000,000.
Distinctive shading provides a highly generalized picture of the per-
centage of the population increase 1935-41. Based on population fig-
ures for the late 1930's and fragmentary statistical data for the
period since 1940.
B. Religion
Confucianism, Buddhism, and Christianity are the major faiths in Korea. In
addition, shamanism, and a native cult, Chondokyo, have adherents. Followers of
these faiths are scattered throughout the country and no religion is indentified
with any particular area.
Most of the few specialized maps dealing with religion in Korea show the
distribution of Christian mission stations and the division of Korea into mission-
ary zones agreed upon by various Christian churches.
Among maps of this type, map (60) Korea Mission, 1:300,000, which covers
southwestern Korea, appears to be the most detailed. It locates various types of
mission stations and identified places where Christian services are held. An in-
set shows the division of Korea into Presbyterian and Methodist missionary spheres.
Map (203) Japan, Korea, and Formosa, Showing Protestant
Mission Stations, 1:2,700,000, is a simple outline map with place names keyed to an
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index identifying the missions at each named locality. The name of the church and
nationality of the sponsoring group are indicated. Item (31) Map of Korean Missions,
1:3,000,000, illustrates the division of Korea into missionary zones recognized by
various churches.
Map (202) Important Cultural Sites, 1:5,000,000, locates a few prominent
Buddhist temples. Churches, shrines, and temples are located by symbol with vary-
ing clarity on such large-scale topographical sets as (113) Korea, 1:50,000, and
(114) Korea, 1:50,000, ANS L751.
Information on churches, mission hospitals, mission schools, temples, and
other religious edifices in particular localities, will be found on many, of the
maps listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS.
C. Language
A single tongue - the Korean language - is spoken throughout Korea. The pro-
nunciations found in northern Korea vary somewhat from those in the southern
provinces, but not sufficiently to prevent ready understanding between speakers of
different dialects.
Areas where the various Korean dialects are spoken are clearly located on map
(148) Spoken Korean Dialects, 1:10,000,000. Accompanying graphs show the number
of persons speaking each dialect.
Item (109) A-Study of Korean Dialects (Japanese text), includes several use-
ful linguistic maps. The most significant appear to be Nos. 2-9, which use dis-
tinctive symbols to indicate how certain basic words are pronounced in different
localities. Part of the pronunciation data is romanized. Map No. 10 in this study
locates areas where main dialects are used.
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Map (.10 Percentage of Native Koreans who Understand and Speak Japanese,
1:3,700,000, is a simple sketch map showing the approximate distribution of native
Koreans who understand and speak Japanese.
Each map noted above covers all of Korea and presents linguistic data on a
background of internal boundaries.
D. Ethnic Minorities
In 1941 the two most important minority groups in the Korean population were
the Japanese, who comprised 2.9% of the population, and the Chinese who accounted
for about 0.3%.
The Japanese have since been repartriated and are no longer an important
minority. Their distribution at the time of their maximum occupancy is shown on
map (16) Korea, Japanese in cities over 10,000, 1:4,000.000.
A sketchy picture of the distribution of Chinese in Korea is provided by a
map ("Chinese Emigrants by District", 1:2)300,000) appearing in (131) A Study of
Chinese Emigrants Settled in Korea on Fire Farms (Japanese text).
E. Social Statistics
Maps (18) Gross Reproduction Rates 1930, Japan, Korea, and Formosa, 1:14.
000,000, and (19) Percent of Population Change, 10,000,000, are small-scale sketch
maps covering all of Korea: Both use iistinctive shadings to illustrate trends in
population growth.
The maps noted below were prepared in 1946 by United States Occupation
Forces in Korea. They cover only South Korea, presenting data on the police
system, prisons, and crime rate.
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Map (141) Police -South Korea, 1:9,000,')00, shows the authorized number of
police by province and the distribution of divisional and district police offices.
On map (142) Prisons and Prison Industries, 1:4.000,000. prisons are located and
the number of inmates is indicated. Map (155) Civilian Prison Population, 1:6,000,
000, indicates the distribution of civilian prisoners and classifies them as to
sex, race, and legal status. Map (173) Criminal Offences, South Korea Provinces,
1:9,000,000, uses provinces as statistical units for graphically illustrating the
yearly crime rate per 100,000 people. Map (153) Percent of School Age Children in
School, 1:6.000,000, also uses provinces as statistical units and indicates the
percent of school age children in school by distinctive shading.
F. Health
Medical facilities in Korea do not exist for the majority of the population
. and there are few recent, broadly based statistics from which accurate health maps
can be prepared.
Map (204) Distribution of Typhus in Korea 1934-35, uses distinctive shading
to show the typhus rate per 100,000 people.
Map (152) Ratio of Graduate Medical Doctors to Population, 1:9,000,000, is
a small-scale sketch map covering South Korea only.
Some information on medical facilities in particular localities is offered
by maps listed under the names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS.
G. Migration and Resettlement
Several rather recent, large-scale movements of people have an important
relation to contemporary Korean affairs. Prominent among these are the migration
of Koreans into eaetern and southeastern Manchuria, the settlement of Japanese in
Korea and their subsequent repatriation, and the recent repatriation or numerous
Koreans formerly residing abroad.
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The distribution of Koreans in Manchuria is protrayed on several maps of which
(52) Manchuria ("Manchukuo") Number of Koreans, 1:4,500,000 (1942-43 data) appears to be
the best. Map (55) Koreans in Manchuria, 1:8,500,000 consists of two small-scale maps c
one sheet. The first shows Koreans in Manchuria by proyince (19)-t0 data) and the second
indicates Koreans in cities with a population over 100,000 (1941 data). Map (33)
Chosenese Immigration Map of Manchukuo, 1:9,000,000, distinguishes various types of Kore
settlement areas in Manchuria (e.g. farm settlements. subsidized settlements).
The distribution of Japanese in Korea at the time o' their maximum occupancy is
shown effectively on map (16) Korea: Japanese in Cities over 10,000, 1:4,000,000 (1937-
41 data).
There appear to be no available maps illustrating the dispersal of Koreans returr
ing to Korea.
VIII. BOUNDARIES
A. International Boundaries
1. General'
Korea is a peninsula with the Sea of Japan, the Korean Straits, and the Yellow SE
along its shores The Yalu and Tamen Rivers form the greater part of its continental
boundary.
The Yalu River is a conventional boundary which has been recognized by both Chine
and Korea for several hundred years. Between the upper reaches of the Yalu and Tumen
,
Rivers there is a small zone where the boundary is indefinite; this problem area is deaf
with in detail in later paragraphs.
The Tumen River as a boundary between Korea and China is defined in the Treaty of
Sept. 4, 1909, between Japan and China.
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Te Treaty of Peking, 1860, appears to be the legal basis for Korea's eleven
mile boundary with the USSR. Although the agreement between Russia and China (Kor-
ea was then under a vague Chinese suzerainty) is concerned primarily with the fron-
tier in the Amur-Ussuri area, the text specifically mentions the lower reaches of
the Tumen as forming the boundary betw,..en Russia and China.
Map (113) Korea 1:50,000 offers the largest scale coverage available for
Korea's land frontier but the sheets of this Japanese text series rarely provide
complete relief information for adjacent territories outside Korea.
Map (123) Korea 1:250.000, AMS L551 (AMS 2) effectively shows Korea's land
boundaries and, with the joining sheets of a similar AMS set covering Manchuria,
provides uniform coverage for adjoining areas on both sides of the boundary.
Map (195) Manchuria 1:500,000, AMS L401, which covers nearly all of Man-
churia and Korea north of 400 N., is useful in considering problems related to
Korea's 'land boundaries, particularly in the northeast.
2. The Paektu-san Area Boundary Problem ?
On maps, the Korean boundary has traditionally followed the Yalu to its
headwaters, then to the Ch'ang-pai Shan (Korean: Paektu-san), -- a composite group
of volcanoes enclosing a lake - and thence to the headwaters of the Tumen.
Many minor variations in the portrayal of the Korean boundary in the Paektu-
san area have appeared on maps. Although a treaty between Japan and China, Septem-
ber 4, 1909, was to have settled the question, the inexact drafting of the agree-
ment leaves many points in doubt,
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"Art. 1.-The Governments of Japan and China declare that the River Tumen is recog-
nized as forming the boundary between China and Korea, and that in the region of !
the source of that river the boundary line shall start from the boundary monument
and thence follow the course of the stream ShihyishWei."1
'Chinese maps of relatively recent date as well as Japanese maps based on data
assembled prior to 1916 (when the Paektu-san area was surveyed by the Japanese)
vary in locating the Shihyishwei (Korean: S61; Japanese: Sekiotsusui). Even
though the best available maps agree that the Shihyishwei generally follows the
42nd parallel, there is still disagreement as to where the Tumen leaves off and
the Shihyishwei begins (see Fig. I).
Japanese maps published in the last fifteen years adhere rather consistent-
ly to a border portrayal (boundary "A" on Figure I) which, presumably, would put
the boundary monument noted in the treaty near the summit of Paektu-san (Ch'ang-
pai Shan). Both (113) Korea, 1:50,000 and (192) Korea, 1:200,000 locate a bound-
ary monument in this area but there is no way of determining whether or not this
is the specific monument noted in the 1909 agreement.
The Japanese presentation agrees quite closely with the portrayal found on
a number of older maps prepared prior to the drafting of the treaty and is probably
a reasonable interpretation of the conventional or traditional boundary.
Chinese maps published during the last fifteen years generally show the bor-
der going up a tributary of the Yalu and from there over a mountain pass to a trib-
utary of the Tumen, thus completely by-passing Paektu-san. 'Although Chinese
1. John V. A. MacMurray, Treaties and Agreements with and Concerning China, 1894-
1919 (New York, 1921), Vol. 1, pp. 796-797, "Agreement Relating to the Chientao
region Sept. 4, 1909".
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11044
-42?
128'
128'30'
1
Chinese Shih-i-shui (river)
Korean i Saga!
?k_t
Japanese Sekiotsusui
Ah'ang-pai Shan (mt.)
(Paektu-San)
000
D2
D1
129?
Tien ch sh
0 (lake)
.41?30'
effilittatty
0
6*--9003 tt.
cc
?
?
42?
I a
128?
SCALE 1:500,000
5 10
Miles
Selected hydrography horn Korea 1:50,000 (Japanese)
128?30'
410301.
11M15?01?????1?1
KOREA-CHINA BOUNDARY, LOCATION SKETCH
International boundary where Chinese, Japanese and Korean maps agree.
000000 (A) Boundary generally used on Japanese maps and on most maps published in the United
States. It follows the stream Shih-i-shui (Shihyishwei) (7 Z* ) mentioned in the treaty of
Sept. 4, 1909 between Japan and China.
(B) Boundary shown in the Ting atlas, 1934 (also follows the Shih-i-shui but connection with
Yalu differs from Japanese interpretation).
(C) Boundary used on sheet K 52 3, Korea 1:250,000, AMS L551 (AMS 2), 1946. This
portrayal approximates alignment shown on Manchuria 1:300,000 and other Chinese maps.
(D) On some maps the name "Tumen" is used between points D1 and D2; other maps
apply Shih-i-shui to this stream.
, 11044 Map Branch, CIA, 11-48
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maps are not consistent in indicating the alignment of this boundary they are
rather consistent in avoiding the extension of the boundary to Paektu-san. Only
one Chinese map dated 1931, was found which names the stream Shihyishwei and lo-
cates the boundary in a manner agreeing with the Japanese interpretation noted a-
bove. The lines marked "B" and "C" on Figure I are approximations of the most com-
mon portrayals appearing on Chinese maps.
A desire on the part of the Chinese to foster a historical claim to the
Paektu-san area may be at least a partial explanation for the varying Chinese
boundary interpretations.
Shannon McCune, in an article titled "Physical Basis for Korean Boundaries"
recalls a Chinese official's explaining the Chinese version of the Paektu-san area
boundary by making reference to the legend that the mountain was the place of ori-
gin of the Manchu dynasty and that therefore the entire mountain should belong to
China.
1
As shown on maps, the varying Chinese interpretations of the Paektu-san
boundary seem largely attributable to a lack of knowledge of the disputed area.
Some Chinese maps bear so little resemblance to map ?ased on reasonably reliable
Japanese surveys that the stream patterns can hardly be compared. There is no evi-
dence to suggest that the Chinese have ever made detailed surveys southeast of
Paektu-san and there is abundant evidence that, in the past, Chinese map compilers
did not have access to the contoured 1:50,000 Japanese sheets covering this area.
Although these factors do not entirely rule out the possibility that one of the
Chinese portrayals (Boundary "B" on Figure 1) may have a plausible claim to legi-
timacy, they do cast a reasonable doubt.
1. The Far Eastern Quarterly, Vol. V, No. 3, May 1946.
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maps are not consistent in indicating the alignment of this boundary they are
rather consistent in avoiding the extension of the boundary to Paektu-san. Only
one Chinese map dated 1931, was found which names the stream Shihyishwei and lo-
cates the boundary in a manner agreeing with the Japanese interpretation noted a-
bove. The lines marked "B" and "C" on Figure I are approximations of the most com-
mon portrayals appearing on Chinese maps.
A desire on the part of the Chinese to foster a historical claim to the
Paektu-san area may be at least a partial explanation for the varying Chinese
boundary interpretations.
Shannon McCune, in an article titled "Physical Basis for Korean Boundaries"
recalls a Chinese official's explaining the Chinese version of the Paektu-san area
boundary by making reference to the legend that the mountain was the place of ori-
gin of the Manchu dynasty and that therefore the entire mountain should belong to
China.
1
As shown on maps, the varying Chinese interpretations of the Paektu-san
boundary seem largely attributable to a lack of knowledge of the disputed area.
Some Chinese maps bear so little resemblance to map ?ased on reasonably reliable
Japanese surveys that the stream patterns can hardly be compared. There is no evi-
dence to suggest that the Chinese have ever made detailed surveys southeast of
Paektu-san and there is abundant evidence that, in the past, Chinese map compilers
did not have access to the contoured 1:50,000 Japanese sheets covering this area.
Although these factors do not entirely rule out the possibility that one of the
Chinese portrayals (Boundary "B" on Figure 1) may have a plausible claim to legi-
timacy, they do cast a reasonable doubt.
1. The Far Eastern Quarterly, Vol. V, No. 3, May 1946.
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within the cities and increasing the number of cities. Most of the
changes in Korea's internal boundaries made during the last ten years in-
volved 211 cities and the surrounding towns, townships, and counties.
Pu boundaries are shown on maps (113) Korea, 1:50,000, and (114)
Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751, and (192) Korea, 1:200,000. The boundaries
shown on these maps are usually correct if the sheet was revised in 1937
or later.
Pu boundaries are also shown on some of the maps listed under the
names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS. Cities of pE status are iden-
tified on map (24) Korea Administrative Divisions, 1:2,000.000, though
only a few of the 20 or 21 211 cities are large enough to have their areal
extent show up on a map at this scale.
. 3. Kun: The counties numbered 218 in 1943 and their boundaries, which gen-
erally follow topographical features, are rather well established. Where
irregularity in bin boundaries is found on maps it will generally be en-
countered in the environs of al statue cities. (See above).
A number of maps offer data on kun boundaries. Map (56) Korea Admi-
nistrative Divisions, 1:2,000,000, which provides a useful, single-sheet
picture of ban boundaries along with the boundaries of other,administra-
tive districts, is suitable for general desk use.
The largest scale representation of county boundaries will be found
on (113) Korea 1:50,000 or the Army Map Service reproduction (114) Korea,
1:50,000, AMS L751. Useful medium scale portrayals are offered by (123)
Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, (192) Korea, 1:200,000, (Japanese text) and
(135) Korea Province Maps, 1:500,000 (Japanese text).
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The atlas (8) Dai Nippon Fu-, Ken-Betsu Chizu Narabi Chimei Daikan,
(Atlas of Japan, Maps of Cities of Prefectures with Gazetteer), (Japanese
text), shows kun boundaries on various maps and provides a list of these
divisions. Atlas (10) Atlas of Japan (Japanese text) contains a map
1:10,000,000 on which counties are used as statistical units to illus-
trate the relative density of population.
Towns boundaries are shown on the city vicinity series (94) Korea,
1:10)000, (113) Korea 1:50,000, the Army Map Service reproduction (114)
Korea, 1:50 000, AMS L751, (192) Korea, 1:200,000, and (135) Korea Pro-
vince Maps, 1:500,000. The town boundaries shown on these maps are more
likely to be reliable if the sheet is dated 1937 or later.
Town boundaries are depicted on several of the maps listed under the
names of cities in Section IX, CITY PLANS.
5. myon: Townships are often larger than towns though their populations are gen-
erally smaller and their economic functions less important. The maps
cited in the previous paragraph also show township boundaries.
Cheju (Quelpart) island and the capital city, Seoul (formerly a muni-
cipality), were given provincial status in 1946 by the military govern-
ment in South Korea.
IX. CITY PLANS
In the following table Korean cities and towns with populations greater
than 12,000 have been arranged according to population.
In the left column, Korean names have been listed prominently with Japan-
ese forms and other variants given in parenthesis. Because of the variant names
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and the great similarity of numerous Korean names, geographic coordinates have been
included to insure identification.
The title and number of the recommended city plan are given after each town
name. The map's scale, language, and date are also indicated. Titles of alternate
maps, given because of their ready availability or for other reasons, have been
listed under Other Coverage. When "Janis Air Photos" appears in the Other Coverage
column, this indicates that air photos covering all or part of the town appear in
Chapter VIII, JANIS 75, April 3_945.
In the final column, brief descriptive and evaluative comments are given to
aid in selecting the most suitable map for a particular purpose.
Detailed descriptions of each numbered map noted in the table will be found
under the appropriate number in Part Two.
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POPULATION*
. TOWN NAME AND
COORDINATES
II.
TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN
PLAN
CITIES AND TOWNS OVER
12,000
POPULATION
SCALE &
DATE
LANGUAGE
OTHER COVERAGE
935,464
KYONGSONG (Keij6)
(70)
Kvongsong or Seoul
1:12,500
English
(Si)
Keijo-Jinsen Industrial
(Seoul)
(KeijO)
3/46
Area, 1:25,000, 5/46.
(43)
KyOngsiing etc. Water
37032'N., 126?59'E.
Supply Sketch, 1:47,000.
JANIS Air Photos
285,965
P'YONGYANG
(71)
P'yongyang (Heij6)
1:12,500
English
(72)
Heijo, Korea, 1:11,500,
(Heij6)
10/46
13 Dec. '44 (air photo
mosaic).
JANIS Air photos
249,734
PUSAN (Pusan)
(73)
Pusan (Pusan)
1:12,600
English
(74)
Town Plan of Pusan
7/46
(Pusan), 1:27,000, 2/45.
35006'N., 129?02'E.
(75)
Pusan, Korea, 1:17,000,
17 Nov. '44 (air photo
mosaic).
197,918
CH'ONGJIN
(76)
Ch'ongjin (Seishin)
1:12,500
English
(77)
Ch'ongjin (Seishin),
(Seishin)
8/45
Korea 1:21,500 [144].
JANIS Air Photos
41o47'N.,129o50TE.
* Figures
from JANIS 75.
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REMARKS
Map (70) is a detailed city plan
based on Japanese maps and recent
air photos. An index on the re-
verse side names and locates pre-
cincts.
Map (81), same style, shows indus-
trial area and suburbs between
Ky6ngs6ng and Inch'on (Jinsen).
(71) Plyongyang (Heijo); very
reliable and complete, identifica-
tion of installations particularly
detailed, inset shows Jido coal
mine region. The air photo mosaic
(72) covers only part of city prop-
er but extends coverage further
east than the map, (71).
Map (73) Pusan (Pusan) provides fairly
reliable coverage for the city
proper and environs. Installa-
tions are identified. Map (74)
is a smaller-scale plan suitable
for illustrating reports. The
air-photo mosaic is useful for
its information on land utiliza-
tion and as a check on other maps.
Map (76) Ch'ongjin (Seishin) is
detailed, complete, and reliable.
Map (77) Ch'ongjin (Seishin),
Korea, on a smaller scale, is
suitable for illustrating reports.
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POPULATION
.TOWN NAME AND
COORDINATES
TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN
PLAN
SCALE &
DATE
LANGUAGE
OTHER COVERAGE
REMARKS
178,923
TAEGU (TaikU)
(78)
Sketch Plan of Taegu
1:17,500
English
The recommended plan appears to
35?52'N.,128?35'E.
(Taikyu).
12/45
be the only reasonably modern plan
of Taegu now available in Washing-
ton. Main installations are iden-
tified but the map is sketchy and
incomplete.
171.165
INCH'ON (Jinsen)
(79)
Inch'on
1:12,500
English
(81)
Keijo-Jinsen Industrial
Map (79) Inch'on is a detailed,
37?28'N.,126?38,E.
7/46
?
Area, 1:25.000. 5/46.
reliable, plan covering the city
proper. Map (81) Keijo-Jinsen
JANIS Air Photos
Industrial Area is also detailed
and reliable but on a smaller
scale. It covers the eastern
portion of Inch'Sn and the indus-
trial area between Inch'On and
Ky8nOsbn0 (Keijo) (Seoul).
120,000 *
HONGNAM (Konan)
(80)
Hungnam (Konan)
1:10,000
English
JANIS Air Photos
The recommended plan is reliable
39?50'N. ,127037'E.
5/45
and quite complete. It identifies
the industrial installations near
the city.
79,320
W5NSAN (Genzan)
(82)
Wonsan (Genzan)
1:12,500
English
JANIS Air Photos
(Same as above)
2/45
39?09'N.,127?26'E.
75,320
HAMHONG (Kank5)
(83)
Hamhung (Kank6)
1:10.000
English
JANIS Air Photos
(Same as above)
9/44
39054'N.,127032'E.
# Population estimate from SURVEY OF KOREA, U.S. War Dept., 1944.
RESTRIC.mu
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POPULATION
TOWN NAME AND
COORDINATES
TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN
PLAN
SCALE &
DATE
LANGUAGE
OTHER COVERAGE
72,062
KAES5NG (Kaije)
(85) Sketch Plan of
1:13,500
English
(84)
Keiki Kaijo, 1:13,000,
KaesOng (Songdo)
12/45
1930 (japanese text).
37058'N.,126?33'E.
(Kaijo).
68,676
CH/NNAMP10
(86) Chinnamp'o
1:10,000
English
(87)
Chinnamp'o Korea,
(Chinnampo)
(Chinnampo)
5/45
1:11.700, 13 Dec. '44
(Air photo mosaic).
3043'N.,125024'E.
64,520
KWANGJU (KOshri)
(88) Sketch Plan of
1:14,000
English
Kwangju Koshil
12/45
35009'N., 126?55'E.
64,256
MOKP'0 (Moppo)
(89) Mokp'o (Moppo)
1:12,500
English
3/45
34?48'N. ,126?23'E.
62,651
HAEJU (Ka skirl)
(90) Haeju(Kaisha)
1:12,500
English
5/45
3802'N.,125o43'E.
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REMARKS
The recommended plan is little
more than a rudimentary sketch
showing main transportation fea-
tures and a few important installa-
tions. It is preferred to the
Japanese plan (84) Keiki Keijo
only because of its English text
and ready availability.
Map (86) Chinnamp'o is detailed
and reasonably reliable although
it does not record all changes
in the coastline shown on air
photographs. The air photo mosaic
(87) supplements the map.
The recommended 'plan is rather
inadequate. It provides an out-
line of main transportation fea-
tures and identifies a few major
buildings
The recommended plan is a detailed
and reasonably reliable map cover-
ing the city and environs.
(Same as above)
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POPULATION
TOWN NAME AND
COORDINATES
TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN
PLAN
SCALE &
DATE
LANGUAGE
OTHER COVERAGE
REMARKS
61,143
SIN5IJU
(91) An-tung and Shingishu
1:12,500
English
Map (91) An-tun* and Shingishu is a
(Shingisha)
10/45
fairly detailed plan covering
SinUiju and the adjacent
40?06'N.,124?23'E.
Manchurian town Antung. Main
transportation features are
located and important installations
are identified.
47,230
CHONJU (Zensha)
(92) Sketch Plan of
1:13,000
English
JANIS Air Photos
The recommended plan is a
35049'N.,127009'E.
Chniu (Zenshil)
12/45
simple sketch showing main
roads and railroads, and a few
important buildings.
45,541
TAEJoN (Taiden)
(94) Korea 1:10,000
1:10,000
Japanese
The recommended plan is a
36?19'N.,127?26'E.
--Taegin (Taiden)
1917
sheet of an older irregular
topographical set covering
many Korean towns and cities.
sheet--
Recent changes in transportation
and other features are not
shown.
43.291
CHINJU (Shinsha)
(94) Korea, 1:10,000
1:10,000
Japanese
(Same as above)
35?12'N.,128?05'E.
--Chinju (Shinshri)
sheet--
1917
40,553
KUNSAN (Gunzan)
193) Kunsan (Gunzan)
1:12,500
English
The recommended plan is detailed
9/48
and reliable.
35059'N. ,126?12'E.
36,319
NAJIN (Rashin)
(95) Najin (Rashin)
1:20,000
English
(96) Rashin Ko,
1:16,500
There is little to choose between
42?10'N.,130?17'E.
1/48
2/45.
(96) Rashin Ko, and the recommended
plan (95) Najin (Rashin). The
former is on a larger scale but the
?
latter presents more detail and
covers a greater portion of the
hinterland.
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RESTRICIED
POPULATION
TOWN NAME AND
COOR0INATES
TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN
. PLAN
SCALE &
DATE
LANGUAGE
OTHER COVERAGE REMARKS
37,500*
CHEJU (Saisha)
(136) Chejli (Saishia Yu)
c.1:20,000
English
The recommended plan, apparently
33?30'N. ,126?31'E.
4/45
the only coverage available, is
a crude, rudimentary sketch.
36,429
MASAN
(97) Masan .
1:12,500
English
The recommended plan is a
35?12'N.,128?34'E.
2/46
.
detailed and reasonably reliable
map covering the city and environs.
31,259
YOSU (Reisui)
(98) Yosu. Reisui)
1:10,000
English
(Same as above)
5/45
34?45'N. ,127?44'E.
30,143
CH'ONGJU (Seisha)
(106) Sketch Plan of
Ch'Ongju (Seisha)
1.13,500
English
The recommended plan is a
36?39N. ,127?29'E.
12/45
sketch showing roads and
railroads, built up areas, and
a few important buildings.
23,496
SONGJIN (J5shin)
(99) J5shin (Sonjin) plan
1:12,000
Map (99) is sketchy and inadequate.
40?40'N. ,129?111E.
of Port and Town
'44
Main transportation features
are shown but only a few .
installations are identified.
23,462
SUNCH16N (Junten)
No plan available
August 1948
39o25'N.,12555'E.
22,821
HOERYONG (Kainei)
(94) Korea, 1:10,000-
1;10,000
Japanese
The recommended plan is a sheet
42026'N. ,129045'E.
Hoery5ng (Kainei)
sheet--
1919
of an older, irregular,
topographical set covering
many Korean towns and cities.
Recent changes in transportation
and other features are not shown.
*Population estimate from Survey of Korea, U.S. War Dept., 1944.
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POPULATION
TOWN NAME AND
COORDINATES
TITLE OF RECOMMENDED TOWN
PLAN
SCALE &
DATE
LANGUAGE
OTHER COVERAGE
REMARKS
22,085
UNGGI (Yaki)
(100) Unggi (YUki)
1:20,000
English
(101) Unggi (Yiiki) Korea
The recommended plan is slightly
4/45
1:17,500, 1945
more detailed than map (101).
42?19'N.,13022'E.
Both are based in part on air
photographs.
21.335
1-48 (Ri-ri)
(103) Sketch Plan of I-ri
1:13,000
English
The recommended plan is a
35?57'N. ,12605'7'E.
(Ri-ri)
12/45
simple sketch showing main
transportation features
built up areas, and a few
important buildings.
21,258
NANAM (Ranan)
(102) Map of Ranan
c.1:12,000
English &
(102) Map of Ranan is copied
41o43'N.,129o11'E
1944
Japanese
from a Japanese plan with an
incomplete English text added.
It is reasonably reliable and
complete although parts are
difficult to read.
20,051
KYOMIP'0 (Kenjiho)
(104) Kyomin'o
1:12,500
English
JANIS Air Photos
The recommended plan is
38?44'N. ,125?38'E.
2/48
exceptionally clear, detailed,
and reliable.
18,988
CHINHAE (Chinkai)
(105) Chinhae (Chinkai)
1:12,500
English
(105) Chinhae (Chinkai) is
1/45
detailed and reasonably reliable.
35?09'N. ,128?40'E.
15,250
P'OHANG-DONG
(107) Sketch Plan of
1:13,500
English
The recommended plan is ske'tchy
(Hoka-d5)
38?02'N.,129?22'E.
P'ohang-dong
12/45
showing only main transportation
features, built up areas, amd
a few important installations.'
(Hok5-d5)
12,500
CHUGJU (TeishU)
No plan available August
1948
39?41'N.,125?13'E.
MUSAN (Mosan)
(108) Musan (Mosan)
1:25,000
English
Map (10.) Musan (Mosan)
42012'N. ,129?13'E.
5/45
gives little detail for the
town proper but identifies
major installations in the
town and nearby areas.
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X. MAP SOURCES
A. Producers and Distributors
Prior to V-J Day, the Land Survey Bureau under the Government-General of
Chosen was the dominant mapping organization in Korea. This agency was staffed
largely by Japanese trained in Japan's Imperial Land Survey. The maps produced re-
flect the Imperial Land Survey's cartographic techniques and standards.
In addition to topographic maps of Korea, the Land Survey Bureau is believed
to have drafted and reproduced specialty maps from data assembled by other agencies
of the Government-General of Chosen.
During the war, various United States Government Agencies such as the Army
Map Service, the Office of Strategic Services and the Foreign Economic Administra-
tion, produced numerous maps of Korea. For the most pct these were compilations
in which current data from intelligence sources were superimposed on physical and
cultural patterns copied from maps prepared by the Land Survey Bureau. Because of
the availability of distribution copies in the United States, some of these wartime.
maps will remain important to American users for several years to come.
During the period of military occupation, the United States Army Military
Government in Korea and the United States Army Map Service were the most important
producers and distributors of maps covering Korea.
The organization plan of the American Military Government in South Korea
provided for a Bureau of Surveys under the Department of Public Works. Although
work accomplished since the repatriation of the Japanese has not been extensive,
it is assumed that the Bureau of Surveys will eventually become Korea's primary
producer of maps.
Oth..1r Korean agen:ies assigned surveying and mapping functions by the
American Military Government include:
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(a) Marine Transport Bureau, Harbor Section, Department of Transportation.
(b) Geological Survey, Bureau of Mining, Department of Commerce.
(c) Irrigation and Reclamation Section, Department of Agriculture.
(d) Foreatry Section, Department of Agriculture.
(e) Coast Guard Section, Department of Internal Security.
These organizations have been handicapped by a lack of expert advisors. In
some fields their work has been confined to planning or to the overlaying of speci-
alized data (forests and reclamation) on Army Map Service maps.
Privately, published maps of Korea are not numerous and most of those appear-
ing during the last ten years were prepared by Japanese firms which, in all proba-
bility, will not remain active in the publication and distribution of maps covering
Korea.
One Korean concern, the Han Yang.Products Company of Ky6ngs6ng (Seoul), has
in the past distributed a general map of Korea.
B. Collections
It is highly probable that the most complete map collection in Korea wa
once associated with the central offices of the Land Survey Bureau in KyOngsOnt
Map procurement teams connected with the American occupation forces in southern
Korea searched this accumlation and procured many maps (mostly topographic sheets)
for shipment to the U.S. Army Map Service. Nothing is known regarding the present
condition of thia collection and very little can be inferred from the maps sent to
the United States for these have not yet been adequately processed.
Although only conjectural conclusions can be drawn regarding the condition
and status of smaller map collections in Korea, it seems probable that a few small
collections are held in main government offices, colleges, schools, libraries,
museums, and in local administrative centers.
RESTRICit
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Such collections may have been searched by U.S. map procurement officers.
XI. CONCLUSIONS
A. Status of Coverage (Deficiencies)
Korea, though not as completely and accurately mapped as Japan proper, is
still one of the best mapped countries in the Far East. A fairly dense triangula-
tion network covers the whole country and a good basic survey has been made at the
scale of 1:50,000.
The single greatest deficiency, in Korea map coverage appears to be the lack
of recent cultural data on the existing 1:50,000 topographic sheets. There is a
serious need for revision surveys directed toward updating cultural information on
this important set. Other large scale sets, such as the 1:25,000 and the 1:10,000
city vicinity series are also in need of revision.
For many years the 1:200,000 set covering Korea was the primary medium scale
map of the country. A revised edition was prepared in 1937 but, as far as American
users are concerned, this set has been largely superseded by the appearance of the
new AMS 2, 1:250,000 sheets Jap (123) in this report7.
Korea is rather well covered by a variety of general maps and specialty maps
ranging from 1:500,000 to smaller scales. The completeness and reliability of
these are in direct proportion to the permanency of the relationships portrayed.
In connection with specialty maps, there are several deficiencies which can
be attributed to the arbitrary division of Korea into separate occupation zones.
For South Korea, subjects such as industry, agriculture, fishing, telecommunica-
tions, social statistics, and trade are rather adequately covered by recent small-
scale maps prepared by the United States Occupation Forces. Where maps depicting
areas north of the 38th parallel are desired, it is often necessary to rely on
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S.
out-of-date Japanese maps or compilations of doubtful reliability prepared in the
United States during the war.
There is a very definite need for a good wall map of Korea emphasizing major
features and presenting place names in type styles large enough to permit reading
at a distance. An adequate map showing distribution of population in relation to
internal political divisions is also needed.
Between 1917 and 1923 the Japanese prepared an extensive series of city
plans scaled at 1:10,000: Some df these were revised in the late 1930's but the
majority are now badly out-of-date. Privately published plans of varying quality
were prepared for only a few major cities. During the war, the U.S. Army Map Ser-
vice undertook the compilation of a series of Korean city plans. In many cases
the 1:10,000 Japanese plans were used as a base on which data from air photographs,
hydrographic charts, intelligence reports, and other sources were added. Korea's
most important cities and many other towns are now covered by adequate plans.
Korea is completely coVered by relatively recent air charts scaled at 1:1,
000,000 and 1:500,000. Aeronautical approach charts scaled at 1:250,000 provide
nearly complete coverage.
Hydrographic charts portraying Korea's coasts have been prepared by the
chart publishing agencies of numerous countries including the United States. The
Japanese, who conducted most of the original surveys, have prepared the greatest
number of charts. Southern Korea is particularly well-covered by large-scale
Japanese charts.
Air photo coverage of varying quality is available for at least half of
Korea. Most major cities, strategic zones, and economically important areas have
been photographed. Air photos were used by the Army Map Service in compiling
various AMS set maps and city plans.
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B. Trends
Korea is the only country where the United States meets the USSR alone,
without the association of other powers. The 38th parallel, conceived as a temp-
orary administrative line to be used in disarming the Japanese, has become a fixed
barrier which restrains Korea's economic life. Serious problems revolving around
this unnatural boundary, together with the country's critical position in relation
to Japan, China, and the USSR, have greatly increased interest in the maps of Korea.
This interest may continue for several years.
Intensified American interest in maps of Korea is mirrored by recent Army
Map Service activities. A revised edition of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, APB L551,
was recently completed and the Army Map Service now has plans for extending the
coverage of (114) Korea, 1:50,000, AMS L751, to include northern Korea. Sheets
covering coastal areas will be prepared first and all or part of this set will be
redrafted and printed in color.
The existence of the 38th parallel as a boundary between separate occupa-
tion zones is already reflected in the available map coverage. If this arbitrary
division of the country continues, there will probably be increasingly greater
differences in the relative completeness and reliability of the coverage available
for North and South Korea.
The early development of a Korean mapping program can greatly facilitate the
orderly rehabilitation of the country. Many special problems such as the appraisal
of Japanese assets in Korea, the use of reparations, land reform, and economic ad-
justment when the 38th parallel is eliminated as a trade barrier, will require maps
to illustrate their complexities.
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As noted previously, the American Military Government plan for South Korea
calls for the establishment of various governmental agencies which will prepare
maps essential to their functions. To date, the work accomplished by these agen-
cies has not been extensive.
In the last fifty years, Koreans have had little or no hand in the mapping
of their country. The development of an effective mapping program, to be carried
on at all levels by Koreans, will require many years. The future of such a program
will be shaped largely by circumstances surrounding the termination of military
occupation.
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PART TWO
ANNOTATED LIST OF MAPS, ATLASES, AND
CHER MATtRIALS
The maps cited previously under the various subject headings in Part One
are described more fully in this section. Data on publishers, publication dates,
availability, and reproduction possibilities are included.
(1) Korea Roads and Railroads, 1:2,000,000, 28 Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic
Services, (CIA 6336 with relief, CIA 6171 without relief).
This is a useful small-scale, transportation map covering all of Korea.
Although it is based on data collected during the war, it still provides a
reasonably reliable picture of Korea's main transportation network. The map is
printed on a sheet measuring 13" x 24" and is suitable for desk use.
On the relief edition, CIA 6336, relief is shown with plastic shading in
light green. This is omitted on the plain edition, CIA. 6171.
Roads (primary, other selected roads) are located and four classes of
railroads are shown. Areas containing numerous railroad tunnels are identified
with shading; symbols locate four types of railroad facilities (major repair shop,
minor repa:r shop, roundhouse or engine shed, principal freight yard). Names of
railway lines are given in a table and keyed to letters and numbers which appear
alongside the railroads on the map. Navigable streams and principal ports are
identified by symbol.
Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA.
(2) Korea, Special Strategic Map, 1:2,000,000, U.S. Army Map Service, AMS 5207,
First Edition (AMS 2), Revised 1944. '
This map covers all of Korea and part of Manchuria.
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Principal relief features are clearly hachured. Spot heights are in meters.
Two classes of roads are shown in red. The legend identifies double track, single
track, and electrified railway lines. Four classes of towns and cities are given.
Copies are available in quantity in the Map Library, ArMy Map Service.
Korea (Chosen), 1:1,200,000, 5 January 1945, Office of Strategic Services
(CIA 3225).
This is a general map covering all of Korea. Cultural data are emphasized;
physical information is limited to a portrayal of hydrography.
The map gives a good picture of the distribution of settlements. It also
locates many secondary roads not shown with equal clarity on other single sheet
maps covering the whole country.
Three classes of settlements are located. Although all of the larger towns
are named, many villages are shown only by symbol. Distinctive red lines locate
two types of roads. Province boundaries are shown on the main map; province
names (with variants) are given in an inset.
Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA.
(4) Japan and Eastern Asia, 1:7,500,000, 28 June, 1945, Office of Strategic
Services (CIA 59)t0).
This is a useful desk-size map suitable for plotting trade routes and other
types of information. It illustrates the position of Korea in relation to nearby
Asiatic countries. Korea and Japan are centered. Manchuria, eastern China, and
portions of the USSR are also shown.
Five classes of towns and cities are located. International boundaries and
selected transportation features are shown.
(3)
(5)
Copies are available in quantity in the May Branch, CIA.
Japan Road Map, 1:1,000,000, Aug. 1945, United States Army Map Service
(AMS L302).
This useful transportation set covering Japan and adjacent areas was pre-
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pared on the modified polyconic projection of the international map of the world.
Sheet No. 4, Korea, covers the entire country except a very small zone in the
northeast. The following descriptive remarks apply only to sheet No. 4.
Although the transportation data were collected during the war, this map
still provides a fairly reliable picture of the country's transportation system.
Road alignment is correct but the classification of roads must not be thought of
in terms of United States road standards.
The sheet is a well-rounded general map of Korea. In addition to its
transportation data, it provides a vivid picture of relief and hydrography. The
plastic shading of relief has been copied from a base prepared by the U.S. Geologi-
cal Survey tsee (27) Korea, 1:1,000,000:7. Numerous spot heights are given in
meters.
Three classes of railroads (4'4" gauge, narrow gauge, reported under con-
struction) and three types of roads (principal motor roads, other roads, trails)
are identified. Ferries and some bridges are located but tunnels are not shown.
Symbols and various type styles are used to identify four classes of towns and
cities.
Copies are available in quantity from the Army Map Service.
(6) Korea (Summary) Terrain Intelligence, Strategic Engineering Study #149, pre-
pared by the Geological Survey, Department of the Interior Under direction'of
Chief of Engineers, published by Military Intelligen7e Division, Office,
Chief of Engineer*, U.S. Army, May 1945.
This 85 page special report summarizes terrain data pertinent to military
operations. It includes text, tables, diagrams, photographs, and many useful
maps; the most noteworthy are described in detail below.
Each map covers all of Korea. In most cases the background data (contours,
roads, railroads, towns, and place names) are taken from sheets NI-52, NJ-51,
NJ-52, NK-51, and 1IK-52 of (32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000.
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Cross-Country Trafficability, 1:1,000,000, page 29.
Classifies soil types and rates main types (for each month of the year)
according to capacity for carrying vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
Reliability is fair. Trafficability data are presented on a fairly complete
background of physical and cultural data.
Rivers, 1:1,000,000, page 32.
Presents detailed data on navigability and crossings (road bridges,
railroad bridges, ferries, fords) on a fairly complete background of physi-
cal (contours, spot heights) and cultural (towns, roads, railroads) data.
Reliability is good.
Water Supply: General Features, 1:1,000,000, page 48.
Classifies Korea's terrain according to water supply conditions; back-
ground of physical and cultural data is quite complete. Reliability is
good.
'Water Supply: Municipal SysteMs and Sewage Disposal, 1:1,500,000, page 50.
This map is keyed to the text on adjoining pages where details on indi-
vidual city water supply and sewage systems are given along with reliability
estimates of the data pertaining to each town.
Suitability for Airfields, 1:1,000,000, after page 5h.
Suitability of areas for airfield construction is shown with six colors
keyed to a detailed legend. In addition to a general evaluation of each
classification, the legend provides data on construction materials, found-
ation and subgrade, clearing and grading, accessibility, topography, and
approaches. Various symbols identify existing airfields and indicate run-
way lengths, types of aircraft that can be handled, etc. Airfield data are
presented on a fairly complete background of physical (contours, spot
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heights) and cultural (towns, roads, railroads) information. Reliability
is good.
Road Construction and Maintenance, 1:1,000,000, page 62.
Classifies Korea's land surface according to the prevalence of condi-
tions that favor or retard road construction and maintenance. Road con-
struction data are presented on a fairly complete background of physical
and cultural information. Reliability is fair.
Soils: Engineering Properties, 1:1,000,000, page 66.
Provides a fairly detailed classification of Korea's soils. The map
is keyed to adjoining tables which include soil profiles and a wealth of
detail on permeability, drainage, value as a source of aggregate, resis-
tance to frost injury, etc. Reliability is fair; background physical and
cultural data are quite complete.
Sources of Construction Materials, 1:1,000,000, page 71.
Locates wide areas where sand, gravel, and quarriable rock are avail-
able. Also pinpoints placer sites, mine dumps, cement plants, lithestone
quarries, and granite quarries. Reliability ranges from good to excellent:
background nhysical and cultural data are quite complete.
Geology, 1:1,000,000. page 74.
Uses color or shade variations to locate fourteen major rock types
which are named and identified in relation to the geological time scale.
Several pages of interpretive text follow the map. Reliability ranges
from good to excellent; background physical and cultural data are quite
complete.
For American users, availability and English text will make this map
more useful than the Japanese original--(130) General Geological Map of
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ChUsen (Korea), 1:1,000,000 -- on which it is based.
Coal, 1:2,000,000, page 80.
Locates coal deposits. Anthracite and lignite deposits are differ-
entiated but producing and potentially productive areas are not. Coal in-
formation is overprinted on (2) Korea, Special Strategic Map, which
provides a generalized background of physical and cultural data.
Vegetation, 1:1,000,000, page 83.
Apparently the best available single-sheet vegetation map of Korea. The
country's vegetation is divided into six main types (two categories for
crops, four for natural vegetation); the distribution of each is shown.
Reliability is fair; background physical and cultural data are quite com-
plete.
Strategic Engineering Study No. 149 is available in Reference, Department of
State and in numerous other Government libraries.
(7) Railroads of Korea, 1:2,500,000, 1944-1, no authority for data, reproduced by
U.S. 955 Engineer Topographic COmpany, Aviation.
This is a useful, three color, railroad map covering all of Korea. It is
one of the few English text maps of Korea devoted solely to the presentation of
railroad data.
Four classes of government railroads and three classes of private railroads
are identified. Precise gauge figures are given for each line. Railroads under
construction are specially marked.
Single and double track railroads are distinguished. Important bridges,
repair shops, classification yards and other features are noted with conspicuous
red symbols. An inset shows province boundaries.
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A reference copy of this map is available in the Map Library, Army Map
Service. Call number: 53L 1-23.5-90125-1500.
Black and white copies of limited usefulness can be made.
(8)
Dai Nippon Fu- Ken-Betsu Chizu Narabi Chimei Daikan (Atlas of Japan, Maps of
Cities and Prefectures with Gazetteer), L1937-7_/, compiled by the Japanese
Geographical Association (?), Osaka. Reprinted, 1943, by Division cf Naval
Intelligence, Far Eastern Theatre, under romanized title: "Atlas of Japan",
(Japanese text).
In this atlas, Japan proper is emphasized but Korea and other parts of the
former Japanese Empire are also shown.
Pages 345-92 deal with Korea. The main feature of the atlas is a systematic
breakdown of civil divisions for each province. Name lists for kun (countries), do
(islands), 21 (municipalities), (towns), and myon (townships), are given. The
boundaries of provinces and kiln are shown on a general map of Korea, scale
1:1,400,000, page 350. The map also provides information on the division of Korea
into military districts. Unfortunately, on the photo-offset reproduction, prepared
by the Division of Naval Intelligence, the names and boundary data are not very
clear and only a small part of the information can be considered usable.
In addition to the map noted above, the atlas includes a general map of
Manchuria end Korea, 1:2,900,000; a transportation map of Korea, 1:8,000,000; and
a transportation map of Korea, 1:2,000,000. Of these, the Korea transportatpion
map (entirely legible) is by far the most useful. It gives road, railroad, and
sea route distances between all major towns and cities. Post and telegraph
offices are located and one major air route is shown. Other cultural features
such as mines, temples, and shrines are identified by symbol.
A reference copy of this atlas (photo-offset reproduction) is available in
the Map Branch, CIA, and in numerous other Washington libraries.
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(9)
Shin Nippon Zucho (New Atlas of Japan); compiled by Fujita, Motoharu; Toko
Publishing house, Tokyo, 1935, reprinted by U.S. Army Map Service under roman-
ized title: "New Atlas of Japan" (Japanese text).
This is a carefully compiled atlas covering Japan and adjacent areas. The
main Korea map is scaled at 1:2,000,000. Korea is also shown on several smaller-
scale specialty maps (geology, political divisions, climate) covering all of the
former Japanese Empire.
The maps themselves are not impressive but the atlas is outstanding because
of its valuable 218 pagelgazetteer in which place names in Korea ( Sino-Korean
characters) are indexed along with those of Japan. Japanese pronunciation is in-
dicated and each gazetteer entry includes number and grid references to the
accompanying maps. This gazetteer is Iiighly regarded by the U.S. Board of Geo-
graphic Names as a source for Japanese readings on place names in Korea. Because
of its value as a place name source, the atlas was reproduced by the Army Map
Service in 1943. In these monochrome, photo-offset reproductions, the gazetteer is
remarkably legible but the Japanese characters and other data appearing on the
maps are not very clear.
Distribution copies (photo-offset reproductions) of this atlas are avail-
able in the Map Library, Army Map Service. Reference copies (reproductions) are
to be found in the Map Branch, CIA, and in many other Vashington libraries.
(10) /Tiles of Japan7, 3rd Revised Edition, 10 Nov. 1938; compiled by Tanaka,
Keiji, Meguro Shoten, Tokyo (Japanese text).
This is a small, though carefully prepared, atlas. Japan proper is em-
phasized but some of the maps (population, transportation, geology, climate) cover
all of the former Japanese Empire. The atlas contains several maps devoted solely
to Korea. These are found between pages 35 and 38.
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The group includes one city plan, six regional maps, two general maps, two
climate maps, one transportation map, one population map, and one soil map. Many
of these are on small scales and although it is convenient to have them together
in one book, only two offer data on Korea not covered better elsewhere.
These are:
Page 44 (population), 1:10,000,000, which provides two separate portray-
als of the distribution of population in the Japanese Empire; (A) On a dot dis-
tribution map. (B) With colors graded in proportion to population density on a
map locating to (province) and kun (county) boundaries.
Page 37 (soils), 1:4,000,000, which shows the distribution of three main
soil types on a base including province boundaries, hydrography, and main
cities.
The atlas includes a brief gazetteer in which place names in Korea (Sino-
Korean characters) are indexed along with those of Japan. Japanese pronunciation
is indicated and each gazetteer entry includes number and grid references to the
accompanying map.
A reference copy of this atlas is available in the Map Branch, CIA. No
usable black and white copies can be made.
(11) /?New Map Collection 7, revised edition, 23 Dec. 1940; compiled by Moriya,
Michio; Imperial Book Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japanese text).
This is a small, but carefully drafted, atlas of the former Japanese
empire. Japan proper is emphasized but the atlas also contains several maps
pertinent to Korea. The best of these are found between pages 59 and 64.
This group includes six city plans and city vicinity maps (scales
1:65,000 to 1:500,000), two geological maps, one general map (1:3,000,000)) three
climate maps, one population map, a plastic relief sketch, one map combining soils
and fishing data, and two trade maps.
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Many of these maps are on scales as small as 1:25,000,000 and 1:35,000,000.
It is convenient to have the group together in one book but only three offer infor-
mation that is not covered better on other maps.
These are:
Map 2, page 62, 1:6,000,000, which, in addition to its information on soils,
gives considerable data on offshore fishing (fishing areas, types of fish, volume of
catch).
Map 1, page 63, 1:10,000,000, which indicates commodities imported and ex-
ported at main Korean ports.
Map 2, page 63, 1:35,000,000, which is a very small-scale sketch illustra-
ting the pre-war volume of traffic and main trade routes between Korean and Japanese
ports.
The atlas includes a brief gazetteer in which place names in Korea (Sino-
Korean characters) are indexed along with those of Japan. Japanese pronunciation is
indicated and each gazetteer entry includes number and grid reference p to the ac-
companying maps.
(12) Kleiner Atlas von Japan, 1939, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Natur-und Volker-
kunde Ostasiens, Otto Harrassowite, Leipzig, (Germ& ;ext).
This small atlas is similiar in scope to (10) Atlas of Japan, and (11) New
Map Collection, although the maps are not as finely drafted.
Japan proper is emphasized but the atlas also includes maps pertinent to Korea.
The best of these are noted in the following tabulation. Asterisks indicate maps
offering data not covered or not so effectively covered by other available materials.
"Rpdr." after a subject designation indicates that the map will yield black and
white copies of. limited usefulness.
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Page Subject or type of map
26 general map (rpdr.)
28 temperature and rainfall
*29 mulberry trees (rpdr.)
A sketchy distribution dot map.
*29 horses and cattle (rpdr.)
*29 rice cultivation (rpdr.)
*30 land use and economy, including fishing
Locates boundaries of main seri-
culture districts. The data on
land use and fishing are covered
better on other maps.
31 population (rpdr.)
*33 value of mineral products
Shows mineral values in Japanese
yen with distinctive coloring
applied to provinces; facilitates
comparison with similar data for
Japan. Indicates main minerals
exploited in specific 'areas.
34 transportation (rpdr.)
*35 volume of traffic on land and sea
routes (rpdr.)
? A simple sketch on which the
thickness of lines portraying routes
is proportional to the volume of
traffic.
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The general map is scaled at 1:3,000,000; all others are at 1:10,000,000 or
smaller.
The atlas contains a two thousand entry gazetteer in which place names in
Korea (romanized) are indexed along with those of Japan and other parts of the for-
mer Japanese Empire. Locations are indicated with page and grid references to the
maps.
A reference copy of this atlas is available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(13) Climatic Atlas of Japan and her Neighbouring Countries, (1928-?), Central
Meteorological Observatory, Tokyo (text in English and Japanese).
This comprehensive atlas includes over one hundred and fifty maps covering
Japan, Korea, Formosa and parts of Manchuria. The volume summarizes the climate
records of Japan and adjacent areas for the thirty years 1897 to 1926. It is an
important source for climatic data on northeastern Asia.
The maps are at various scales; some as large as 1:6,500,000 and others as
small as 1:14,000,000. The introductory pages indlude a list of weather stations,
names romanized and in Japanese characters. Coordinates and altitude figures are
given for each station and all stations mentioned in the text are located on a key
map. The explanatory text provides information on the so,ice of the data, years of
observation, instruments used, etc.
The following are covered by maps: ?
a. Isotherms.
b. Atmospheric pressure and direction of winds.
c. Mean monthly wind velocity.
d. Vapor tension.
e. Relative humidity.
f. Cloud cover.
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g. Number of clear days.
h. 1:Number of cloudy days.
i. Sunshine duration.
j. First and last hoarfrost dates.
k. Days free from hoarfrost.
1. Dates of first snowfall.
m. Dates of last snowfall.
n. Days without snowfall.
o. Dates of the first freezing of water.
p. Evaporation.
q. Mean monthly rainfall.
r. Number of days with rain.
For most of the topics noted above the atlas provides a series of twelve
maps, one for each month, and several additional summary maps showing average con-
ditions.
A statistical table at the end of the atlas presents a tabulation for one
hundred and twelve rainfall stations in Korea. This list gives the date the station
was established, average rainfall for each month, average annual rainfall, maximum
daily amount of rainfall, and the average number of days with precipitation.
A reference copy of this atlas is available in the Map Branch, CIA.
Usable black and white copies can be made of most of the maps.
(14) Geological Atlas of Chosen, main maps 1:50,000, c. 1924-35, Geological
Survey, Government-General of Chosen.
This atlas is the principal source for detailed geological information on
Korea. Until about 1937 it was being published progressively in numbered port-
folios. Each portfolio includes interpretive text and two or more 1:50,000 geo-
logical sheets following the sheet pattern of the 1:50,000 topographical map of
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u 8) (izi) th u
i4o)
A
ail
5
36
471
Available 1:50,000 sheets of Geological Atlas of Chosen.
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Korea 5ee (113) ikorea7, 1:50,0027.
Contours and cultural data have been copied from the topographical map with
little change and geological information has been printed in color on this base.
Each sheet carries a logically arranged legend identifying the geological formations
in both English and Japanese. "Known" and "probable" geological boundaries are
distinctively marked as are known and probable fault lines. Strike and dip is in-
dicated and plant fossil localities are identified. When appropriate, symbol iden-
tification is provided for mines, quarries, and clay pits.
In many of the portfolios the interpretive text is in Japanese with a brief
accompanying abstract in English. However, some issues have complete texts in both
English and Japanese. Texts are illustrated with helpful sketch maps, profiles,
diagrams, and photographs.
Reference copies of about 50 sheets are available in the Map library, Army
Map Service (call No.: S14-GSC-50) and in the Library, U.S. Geological Survey.
(15) Guide to Geographical Names in Korea (ChOsen), July 1945,
Special Publication No. 51, U.S. Board on Geographical
Names, Department of the Interior.
This useful 197 page work presents a detailed system of directions for the
treatment of geographical names in Korea. It includes evaluation of maps and other
materials as place name sources, a glbssary, a bibliography, a list of the Board's
decisions on Korean names, a section on language and orthography, and other per-
tinent data.
Distribution copies can be obtained through the U.S. Board on Geographic
Names, Department of the Interior. Reference copies are available in the Map Branch,
CIA and in other Washington libraries. '
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(16) Korea, Japanese in Cities over 10,000, 1:4,000,000,
23 February 1945, Office of Strategic Services.
(CIA 6128) .
This simple distribution map covering all of Korea shows the distribution of
Japanese prior to their repatriation, 1945-46.
Province boundaries are located and main towns are shown. A circle, printed
near each city is proportional in size to the number of Japanese residing in the
city as of 1937-39. Percentage figures printed near the circles indicate the pro-
portion of Japanese in each city's total population.
On an inset titled "Total Japanese in Korea by Provinces," circles printed
in each province are proportional in size to the province's total population. Di-
visions of the circles (colored red) represent the pre-1945 Japanese minority.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(17) Percentage of Native Koreans who Understand and Speak Japanese, 1:3,700,000,
1943, U.S. War Department.
This simple sketch map covering all of Korea shows the distribution of
Koreans who speak and understand Japanese. Distinctive shadings, keyed to a legend,
give percentage figures.
The map appeared as figure 8 in Survey of Korea, published by the U.S. War
Department, 1943. Usable black and white copies can be made.
A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(18) Gross Reproduction Rates 1930 Japan, Korea, Formosa, 1:14,000,000, data
from Office of Population Research, Princeton University; appears in The Far
Eastern Quarterly, p. 303, Vol. V, No. 3, May 1946, Columbia University Press,
New York.
This is a small-scale sketch map covering Japan, Korea, and Formosa.
The gross reproduction rate throughout Korea is shown with distinctive shad-
ing keyed to legend giving percentage figures.
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Copies of the periodical in which this map appears are available from the
publisher. Reference copies are available in the Main Reading Room, Library of
Congress and in other libraries.
Usable black and white copies can be made.
(19) Percent of Population Change, 1:10,000,000, data from Office of Population
Research, Princeton University; appears in The Far Eastern Quarterly, p.305,
Vol. V, No.3, May 1946, Columbia University Press, New York.
This is a small-scale population map covering all of Korea. Although it is
sketchy and has incorrect coordinates the map effectively illustrates trends in
population change.
The relative darkness of the distinctive shading used on the map is propor-
tional to the percentage of population increase 1935-41. Percentage figures for
each of the six shades are given in the legend.
Copies of the periodical in which this map appears are available from the
publisher. Reference copies are available in the Main Reading Room, Library of
Congress and in other libraries.
Usable black and white copies can be made.
(20) Gazetteer to Maps of Korea, Sept. 1945, U.S. Army Map Service.
This gazetteer, despite certain inadequacies, is the most important location-
al guide for Korea. The volume contains about 18,000 names arranged in a single
alphabetical sequence. The names are romanized in accordance with the McCune-
Reischauer system approved by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.
The names in the gazetteer were taken from the first edition (AMS 1) sheets
of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, ANS L551, which, in turn, derived most of its names from
(192) /Roree.), 1:200,000. At the time the gazetteer was prepared there were several
1:200,000 sheets available only as photo copies and on some of these the ideographs
were not always legible. Thus, some of the names on the first edition (AMS 1) sheets of
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(123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551 and in the gazetteer are not reliable. The second
edition (AMS 2) of (123) Korea, 1:250,000, AMS L551, Which derives most of its namee
from (113) /forisa7, 1:50,000, contains a much more complete selection of place names
than was presented on the first edition. Where there is disagreement between the
gazetteer and the AMS 2 sheets, the names on the map should be considered more
reliable.
In the gazetteer, location is indicated with geographical coOrdinates correct
to the nearest minute and Erid references to the sheets of (123) Korea, 1:250,000,
AMS L551. In the extreme northeast, two sheets from (195) Manchuria, 1:500,000,
AMS L401, were used for a small area not covered by 1:250,000 sheets at the time the
gazetteer was prepared.
In addition to the grid references and geographical coordinates, the gazet-
teer identifies the type of features and indicates the province in which it is lo-
cated.
Gazetteer entries are 'listed in strict alphabetical order without regard for
breaks or the number of separate words making up a name. No distinction has been
made among the Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and Russian languages, all of which are
involved in the gazetteer.
A glossary of foreign generic terms appears on page iv of the introductory
section.
Copies of this volume are available in quantity through the Map Library,
Army Map Service.
(21) Place Name Index for Korea (Ch5sen), 1943, 2nd edition, U.S. Army Map Service.
This index is unique in providing romanizations for both Japanese and Korean
names along with Sino-Korean characters and Korean alphabet (onmun) spellings.
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The names are keyed to an attached map, scale 1:1,500,000, which has only
romanized Japanese readings. The Korean names are generally good, but the Japanese
readings are not dependable and the scale of the map limited the number of names in-
cluded.
Reference copies of this work are available in the Map Branch, CIA and in.
numerous other Washington libraries. Some distribution copies may be obtainable
through the Map Library, Army Map Service.
(22) Map of Korea, 1:1,000,000, 1945, Korean Affairs Institute, Inc., Washington.
This useful booklet includes a gazetteer of 1300 entries with romanized
names (McCune-Reischauer system) keyed to a remarkably clear and legible thirteen
sheet map of Korea scaled at 1:1,000,000.
In addition to the main sectional map, the volume includes a general map
showing the lucation of Korea in the Eastern Hemisphere, a map of the provinces, a
physiographic diagram, and an economic map. .
Reference copies of this work are available in the Map Branch, CIA and numer-
ous other libraries.
Usable black and white copies can be made.
(23) Map of Japan and Adjacent Regions, 1:2,000,000, 1937, Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai
(The Society for International Cultural Relations), Tokyo.
This is an excellent general map covering Korea, Japan, Manchuria, and east-
ern China. Although the names are not large enough to be read at a distance, it
still makes a useful wall map for illustrating Korea's situation in relation to
nearby areas.
Relief is portrayed with shades of brown and green and many cultural features
such as railroads, airlines, radio stations, lighthouses mines, submarine cables,
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and sea routes, are shown. The classification of towns and cities in the Japanese
Empire is based on figures for 1935-37.
The map is accompanied by a useful index in which romanized Korean place
names (Hepburn system) are listed along with the place names of Japan in a single
alphabetical sequence. Japanese characters are also given. Locations are indicated
with grid references to the map.
Korean place names are found in index #1 titled "Japan". Names in eastern
China and Manchuria are in index #2 titled "Manchukuo and the Eastern Part of China."
Reference copies of this map and the accompanying index are available in the
Map Branch, CIA and in numerous other libraries.
(2)4) Sailing Directions for Siberia and Chosen, H. 0. no. 122, 1932, United States
Navy Department, Hydrographic Office.
This volume provides complete sailing directions covering the coasts of Korea
and offshore islands. Navigational information is presented in a logically arrang-
ed sequence beginning at the Korea-USSR border and extending around the peninsula
to the mouth of the Yalu River. The sailing directions are useful in interpreting
hydrographic charts and other maps covering Korea's coastal areas.
In addition to the detailed navigational information, including data on
weather, sea depths, distances, anchorages, etc., useful descriptions of ports,
landing places, islands, points, and other coastal features are presented. Chapters
VII and VIII deal with Korea.
The sailing directions include an alphabetical index of about 5,000 entries
2resenting romanized names from various sources. Names of places in Korea are in-
dexed in the same sequence along with names from other areas. Locations are in-
dicated with page references to the text where coordinates are given along with
descriptive information and references to hydrographic charts.
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These sailing directions and the U.S. Hydrographic Office charts to which
they are closely related, /gee (200) 'U.S. Hydrographic Charts7, are useful loca-
tional aids and have considerable value as sources for alternate or variant names.
However, the romanization, which includes some Korean and some Japanese readings,
is unsystematic and there are inconsistencies between the charts and the sailing
directions, especially for the east coast.
Distribution copies of this volume are available at the U.S. Hydrographic
Office. Reference copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA and in numerous
other libraries.
(25) /Rorea7, 1:1,000,000, 1945, Joint Publishing Board.
This 28" x 46" single sheet map, on the modified Polyconic projection of the
International Map of the World, appears to be the best available plotting map
covering all of Korea.
The map was prepared for use in preliminary work on the joint Army and Navy
intelligence study on Korea (JANIS 75, April 1945). Like map (6) Areas Suitable
for Bomber Airfields, 1:1,000,000, it is essentially a reproduction of (32) Eastern
Asia, 1:1,000,000, AMS 5301.
In reprinting the map in one color (light blue), contours, roads, air navi-
gation data, sea depths, and isogonic information were omitted. The name pattern,
boundaries (province, international), railroads, hydrography, and spot heights were
retained. Province names, with variants, were added. The map has full coordinates
?
and lineat scales in miles, kilometers, and nautical miles.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(26) OSS Theater Map, 1:1,500,000, 1942, Office of Strategic Services.
This map provides complete coverage of the Eastern Hemisphere.
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It was designed primarily as an outline base map and prepared in such a way that
any number of sheets may be joined to form a theater area of any size.
The map is suitable for plotting and the sheets can be assembled to serve
as a wall map where coverage for Korea and adjacent areas is desired. However,
the type sizes used for place names are not sufficiently large to permit reading
at any g.-eat distance.
The sheets noted below cover Korea:
OSS No.
Name
Index Reference Number
1596
DAIREN
16E N.E.
1597
OSAKA
17E N.E.
1614
MUKDEN
16F N.E.
1615
VLADIVOSTOK
17F N.E.
This series was prepared on Lambert's conformal conic projection. Distance
markers, in units of fifty statute miles, appear along a central meridian and a
central parallel on each sheet.
Relief is shown with numbered, dot-line contours at varied intervals. Hydro-
graphy is portrayed in considerable detail but the cultural pattern (railroads,
four classes of towns and cities, two classes of roads) is highly selected and is
superimposed on the physical base to serve as a guide for the plotting of other
data.
The worldwide coverage of this series is clearly illustrated on an excellent
index map (CIA 2920) which also bears the title "OSS Theater Map".
Copies of the index map, the sheets covering Korea, and nearly all other
sheets of the series, are available in quantity in the Map Branch; CIA.
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(27) Korea, 1:1,000,000, Dec. 1944, U.S. Geological Survey, under direction of
Aeronautical Chart Service, Army Air Forces, for Assistant Chief of Air Staff
Intelligence.
This appears to be the best available single-sheet map showing Korean re-
lief and drainage. It covers the entire Country except for a small area in the
extreme northeast.
Cultural information and place names are subordinated to the elevation data
and hydrography. The map is suitable for plotting information related to relief.
The quite complete drainage pattern is portrayed in blue, while cultural
information (railroads, two classes of roads, main towns) is presented in black.
Relief is shown with bright plastic shading and spot heights in feet are given.
Although the map lacks'a legend, this is no serious drawback for the significance
of the symbols is generally obvious.
This map has been prepared on the modified polyconic projection of the
international map of the world. It has full coordinates. The marginal informa-
tion includes a brief glossary of generic terms and linear scales in both miles
and kilometers.
Copies are available in quantity through Headquarters, Aeronautical Chart
Service, U.S. Air Forces. A limited number of distribution copies are available
in the Map Branch, CIA.
(28) Surpluses and Deficits of Staple Food Production, 1:3,800,000, 28 Feb. '451
Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6154).
This is a rather complicated quantitative distribution map covering all of
Korea. It brings out certain relationships between areas with adequate and
inadequate food supplies.
Province boundaries are located and for each province "per capita caloric
equivalent of all staple foods in terms of pounds of rice per annum" is shown
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with the application of four grades of distinctive shading keyed to surplus and
deficit figures given in the legend.
Surplus or deficit figures appear in circles printed in or near each pro-
vince. The size of each circle is proportional to a province's "aggregate caloric
equivalent of all staple foods in terms of 1,000,000 pounds of rice per annum".
The data are based on combined averages (1933, 1934, .1936) of all staple
foods available, for consumption. Notes appearing on the map provide a detailed
explanation of the statistical bases for the food surplus and deficit information.
Special boundaries delimit economic regions. Code letters identify areas
where certain main food crops such as rice, wheat, soybeans, etc., are produced.
The map appears in JANIS 75. Copies are available in quantity in the Map
Branch, CIA.
(29) Telecommunications, 1:2,000,000, 28 February 1945, Office of Strategic
Services (CIA 6169).
This is a useful, single .sheet, telecommunications map covering all of
Korea. Although based on data assembled during the war, the map still presents a
reasonably reliable generalized picture of Korea's telecommunications network.
Radio stations are located by symbol. Power of the stations is indicated in
watts. Call letters are given, if known. Radio telegraph installations, radio
telephone stations, radio direction finders, and a few unidentified radio instal-
lations are shown.
Telephone and telegraph lines are located but there is no way of determin-
ing whether a particular line is a telegraph or telephone line. Submarine tele-
phone cables and submarine telegraph cables are located with distinctive symbols.
Symbols also identify telephone repeater stations and telegraph or telephone
offices. The data on repeater stations are incomplete. A special dotted line
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shows "unconfirmed connecting routes to known telegraph and/or telephone land lines
The approximate route of' the Tokyo to Mukden buried cable, crossing Korea
from Pusan to Siniliju, is specially marked but telephone and telegraph lines
paralleling this cable route are not shown. In addition to its information on
electronic communications, the map presents international and provincial boundariee
the hydrography pattern, and a fair selection of place names. No transportation
data are given. To read the tekt the map must be held with East rather than North
at the top of the sheet.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears
in JANIS 72.
(30) Korea Vegetation Regions, 1:4,200,000, 1943, U.S. .War Department, Fig. 3 in
"Survey of Korea".
This simple outline map covering all of Korea shows the drainage pattern
and locates boundaries for ten main vegetation regions which are described in a
marginal table.
The marginal explanations emphasize natural vegetation (main tree types are
named) but some data on agriculture are included.
Principal towns are named and located but no political boundaries or trans-
portation features are shown.
Reference copies of this map and a limited number of distribution copies
are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(31) Map of Korea Missions, 1:3, 000,000, 1920, The Christian Literature Society
of Korea, Seoul.
This map covers all of Korea using distinctive colors to illustrate the
division of Korea into main mission zones. In most cases the nationality of the
_ _--ing church is indicated.
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Marginal information includes a list of Protestant Christian churches oper-
ating missions in Korea. Churches acknowledging the divisions shown on this map
are specially noted.
The map also shows province boundaries and the railroad net as it existed
about 1920.
A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(32) Eastern Asia, 1:1,000,000, 1942-45, U.S. Army'Map Service (ANS 5301).
Six sheets (NI-51, 111-52, NJ-511 NJ-52, NK-51, NK-52) of this extensive
series pertain to Korea and provide complete coverage for the country. In effect
these sheets amount to a useful general map presenting fairly reliable physical and
cultural information at a medium scale. By bringing in adjacent sheets, the cover-
age can be conveniently extended to illustrate relationships between Korea and
nearby countries.
This set was prepared on the modified polyconic projection of the Interna-
tional Map of the World and the sheets, covering 40 of latitude and eof longitude,
follow the IMW sheet pattern. Each sheet has full coordinates and the margins are
shaded at 5, intervals.
Relief is shown with contours and layer colors (green, yellow, and orange
shades). Approximate contours are dotted and depression contours are specially
marked. Spot heights are given in meters as are sea depths along some coastal
areas. All sheets include submarine contours. Such features as marshes, ravines,
cliffs, sand, escarpments and submerged reefs are located on some sheets. Unsur-
veyed streams are portrayed with dotted lines.
From three to five classes of towns and cities are located. Lighthouses and
mine sites are shown on nearly all sheets. on sheet NK-51 the Suiho dam on the Yalu
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river is portrayed and the probable shoreline of the Suiho Reservior is indicated.
The railroad information varies considerably from sheet to sheet but in most
instances an indication is given as to whether railways are double or single track
and broad or narrow gauge. Several sheets carry notes saying railway alignment is
approximate -- only two sheets show railroad tunnels.
The road information is not detailed. On the two sheets covering the greater
part of Korea, three classes of roads are shown in red. No data on width or surface
are given.
Radio transmitting stations are located on all sheets with symbols appearing
near town names. Three sheets show telegraph lines.
Aeronautical information includes the location of seaplane anchorages and
from two to four classes of landing fields. On three sheets airfield names are
indicated by underlining city names. Five of the six sheets include compass dials
and isogonic information.
International and provincial boundaries are located. The marginal informa-
tion appearing on all sheets includes an index to boundaries, an index to adjacent
sheets, a brief glossary, a meters to feet conversion table, and linear scales in
miles, kilometers, and nautical miles.
The Eastern Asia series was used as a source in preparation of other maps
cited in this report 5.g. (25) Korea, 1:1,000,000; (6) Areas Suitable for Bomber
Airfields, 1:1,000,002.
Copies of all sheets are available in quantity from the Army Map Service.
Reference copies and a limited number of distribution copies are available in the
.Map Branch, CIA.
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(33) Chosenese Immigration Map of Manchouko, 1:9,000,000, 1938, originally ap-
peared in the Sixth Report on Progress in Manchuria published by the South
Manchurian Railway Company.
This is a small-scale nonquantitative distribution map covering Manchuria
and northern Korea. Areas of concentrated Korean settlement in Manchuria are lo-
cated and additional "subsidized-settlement" zones are shown.
Special symbols identify Korean farm-settlements, Man-Sen Development Com-
pany farm, Man-Sen Development lands, "concentration villages", and new subedized
settlements.
The map shows international boundaries, Manchurian province boundaries
(circa 1938), and railroads. Within the limitations of the map's scale, the as- ?
sortment of place names is quite complete. This cultural information aids greatly
in orienting the data on Korean colonization.
A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA.
Usable black and white copies can be made.
(34) Korea, Agricultural Production and Communications, 1:4,300,000, June 1943,
Department of State, (=co of the Geographer, (CIA-Ge 991 E).
This map covers all of Korea and part of southeastern Manchuria.
It presents a good picture of land utilization in Korea by using distinctive
colors to locatn areas where forest land is dominant; areas where rice and barley
are cultivated; and areas where millet, wheat, and beans are produced. The approx-
imate northern limit of the double crop area is shown.
Airports (civil, military), seaplane anchorages, naval bases, and fortified
zones are located.
The boundary for Chientao province, Manchuria, is depicted. A pie graph
and population figures printed nearby show how the Koreans figure in the population
of this border area.
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Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(35) Korea, Vegetation and Terrain Regions, 1:1,900,000,
April 1945, Joint Intelligence Studies Publishing Board, appears in Chapter I,
JANIS 75.
On a base map showing relief (oblique shading), province boundaries, hydro-
graphy, and a fair selection of place names, distinctive coloring has been over-
printed to locate five main vegetation types. These are:
(a) Mixed Forest and Grasslands (trees named)
(b) Broadleaf Deciduous Forests (trees named)
(c) Cultivated Areas
(a) Barren Areas
(e) Marsh
The map text is oriented with East rather than North at the top of the sheet.
Boundaries for main terrain regions and subregions are shown. Each division
is marked with a letter or number keyed to a marginal table giving regional names.
Limited quantities of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch,
CIA.
No usable black and white copies can be made.
(36) Korea, Slope, Terrain Regions and Routes) 1:1,900,000, April 1945, Joint
Intelligence Studies Publishing Board, appears in Chapter I, JANIS 75.
This useful physical map shows clearly the relationships between terrain
conditions and important land routes.
On a base map showing relief, province boundaries, hydrography, and a fair
selection of place names, special coloring has been overprinted to indicate angle
of slope.
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In the legend, the type of terrain represented by each of the three distinc-
tive colors used, is describe: in considerable detail. A "slope graph" gives the
angle of slope in degrees from the horizontal plane or in terms of percentage (as-
suming a 45? slope to equal 100%). Selected land routes (both road and railroad)
are shown and those described in the JAMS text are differentiated.
Boundaries for main terrain regions and subregions are located. Each divis-
ion is marked with a letter or number keyed to a marginal table giving regional
names.
The map text is oriented with East rather than North at the top of the sheet.
A reference uopy of the volume in which this map appears is available in the
Map Branch, CIA, and in numerous other government offices.
No usable black and white copies can be made.
(37) Korea) Soil Trafficability Map, 1:2)100)0001 April 1945, Joint Intelligence
Studies Publishing Board, appears in Chapter I, JAMS 75.
This is a useful soil trafficability map covering all of Korea. International
boundsries and main towns are located but no other cultural data are presented.
The soils of Korea are classified into eleven groups identified on the map
with distinctive shading. A detailed legend gives type, texture, drainage and
trafficability under varied climatic conditions for each group.
The map text is oriented with East rather than North at the top of the sheet.
A reference copy of the volume is which this map appears is available in the
Map Branch, CIA.
Usable black and white copies can be made.
(38) Korea, Relief and Terrain Regions, 1:1,900,000, April 1945, Joint Intelligence
Studies Publishing Board.
This is a useful physical map on which the ruggedness of the terrain is shown
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with oblique shading and the elevation is illustrated with layer colors. Unlike
many small-scale relief maps? it clearly brings out the fact that northeastern
Korea is considerably higher than the rest of the country.
The map also shows province boundaries, hydrography, and a fair selection
of place names.
Boundaries for main terrain regions and subregions are depicted. Each divi-
sion is marked with a letter or number keyed to a marginal table giving regional
names.
The map text is oriented with East rather than North at the top of the sheet.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears
In JANIS 75.
No usable black and white copies can be made.
(39) The Japanese Shipping Position for 1942, 1:23,000,000, Aug. 8, 1942, Board
of Economic Warfare and Office of Strategic Services (CIA 826).
This is a small-scale trade map covering all of Eastern Asia. It effectively
illustrates the position of Korea in Japan's wartime trade.
, Lines are used to illustrate-the flaw of Japanese seaborne commerce; their
relative thickness is proportional to the volume 0: ,rade. The value of any given
line, in terms of thousands of tons, can be determined by checking with a "scale
of flowlines" appearing in the legend. Principal commodities shipped to Japan
from each port are named.
Distribution copies of, this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(40) Land Utilization In Japan, 1:3,700,000, 25 Sept. 1942, Board of Economic
Warfare and Office of Strategic Services (CIA 819).
This simplified monochrome, land utilization map covers Korea, Japan, and
Formosa.
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Distinctive circular symbols are used to identify: open uncultivated land,
forest, pasture, tea growing areas, mulberry cultivation, upland fields, rice
paddies, and orchards. Light dotted lines locate the more important land use
boundaries. A heavier line is used to show boundaries between major agricultural
regions. The agricultural regions are marked with numbers keyed to a marginal
table giving the regional name and the major characteristics of the area's land use
pattern.
Main cities, province boundaries, and fortified zones are located.
Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(41) Water Supply and Sewerage of Korea, Strategic Engineering Study No. 155,
prepared by the Engineer Research Office for the Strategic Intelligence
Branch, Military Intelligence Division; Office) Chief of Engineers, U. S.
Army; reproduced by Army Map Service.
This useful, thirty-five page, engineering study was prepared during the war
from official intelligence sources and from information collected, primarily, in
New York City libraries. Most of the source materials were published or assembled
prior to 1939.
Seven maps are included in the study and these are noted below by page num-
ber, title and scale. Brief descriptive remarks are also given.
Page 4, Water Supply of Korea, 1:1)500)000
For general use, this is the most important map in the report. It covers all
Of Korea using conspicuous symbols to locate cities having water supply systems.
Notes keyed to the map provide a brief resume of the known facts regarding each
city water system. Mineral springs are also located by symbol and an inset shows
province boundaries.
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Page 11, Plan of Chinkai Naval Base Showing Location of Service Reservoir
of Water Supply, 1:27)000
A sketchy plan pinpointing a reservoir and a few additional installations.
Page 21, Plan of Pusan Showing One Impounding Reservoir and the Distribu-
tion Reservoir, 1:21,500
A fairly complete city plan on which three reservoirs are specially marked.
Page 23, Plan of Gunzan Showing Location of Water Supply Pipe Line,
1:16,000.
A reproduction of a sketchy Japanese plan. One important pipeline and one ,
reservoir are noted.
Page 27) City Plan of Heijo Showing Location of Waterworks, 1:20,000
A fairly complete city plan on which a purification plant, a conduit bridge,
?
and one reservoir are especially marked.
Page 31) City Plan of Jinsen Showing Water Distribution Reservoir,
1:191000
A reproduction of a Japanese plan. One reservoir is noted.
Page 34, City of Keijo Showing Location of City Water Reservoir East of
City, 1:30,000
A reduced reproduction of a Japanese plan. One important reservoir is
located.
The volume also contains extensive tables providing data on public water
supplies, mineral springs, and city sewerage systems. Photographs of filtering
plants, reservoirs, and other water supply features are included.
Reference copies of this study are available in the Map Branch, CIA, in Ref-
erence, Department of State: and in other government offices.
(42) Korea Water Supply and Sewerage Systems, 1:2,000)000, 28 Feb. 1945, Office of
Strategic Services, (CIA 6142). .
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This is one of the best available English text; water-supply maps covering
all of Korea.
The stream pattern is in blue. Symbols locate water-works (data incomplete),
sewerage systems, dams and springs. Hot and cold springs are differentiated. A
special boundary delimits areas where springs are concentrated.
Province boundaries and a good selection of town and transportation infor-
mation is presented.
Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The
map appears in JANIS 75:
(43) Kyongsong (Seoul; Keijo) and Inch'on (Chemulpo, Jinsen) Water Supply Sketch
Map; 1:47,000, 5 February 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 3583).
This is a simple sketch map covering Kyongsong (Seoul, Keijo) and environs.
It locates the Kyongsong Waterworks, the distribution reservoir east of the city,
and the principal water mains in the urban area. Pipe diameter in inches is given
for the various water mains.
Railroads in the Kyongsong area are depicted but no street or building details
are shown.
The Inch'on (Jinsen) waterworks (18 miles from the city of Inch'on) is lo-
cated and pipe connections with the Kyongsong system are portrayed.
Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The
map appears in JANIS 75.
(44) Fusen-Ch3shin Power Development, 1:120,000; June 1945, compiled by the U.S.
Coast and Geodetic Survey for the Aeronautical Chart Service, U.S. Army; re-
produced by Army Map Service.
This is a detailed, single sheet) topographical map covering a large portion
of Hamyong-namdo province in northern Korea. The coverage is centered at 40?20'N.;
127?30'E.
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The map was specially prepared to illustrate the system of power lines, power
plants, dams and reservoirs of the Fusen-Changjin (ChOshin) power development. Al-
though it was carefully compiled in 1945, from the best available sources, locations
in connection with the power development are approximate.
The cultural data are quite complete. Province and kun boundaries are shown
and a fairly complete selection of town and village names is presented. Roads
(primary, secondary, trails) and railroads (4'8300 gauge, single track; light rail-
road; cable railroad;-aerial cableway) are located. High tension power lines, pres-
sure pipelines, vertical shafts, and mines are identified by symbol.
Contours, copied primarily from the 1:50,000 topographical map of Korea, are
shown in brown at 50 meter intervals. Triangulation points and numerous spot heights
in meters are given. Land utilization is indicated with shading and symbols (blue
and green) identifying woodland, grassland, and rice growing areas.
Distribution copies are available in quantity through Headquarters, Aeronau-
tical Chart Service and the Map Library, Army Map Service. A limited number of
distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(45) Highways in Korea, 1:3,000,000, 25 July 1942, Office of Strategic Services
(CIA 744).
This is a small-scale base map showing Korea's road net (three classes of
roads), main towns, and province boundaries. The map measures 13" x 15" and is
suitable for illustrating reports and plotting data bearing a close relation to the
road...pattern.
Distribution copies are available from the Map Branch, CIA.
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(46) Korea, Major Chemical Plants, 1:3,500,000, 12 Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic
Services (CIA 6126).
This useful, small-scale map covers all of Korea and shows the distribution
of major chemical plants.
Ten distinctive symbols are used to identify plants producing particular
chemicals or plants engaged in particular types of processing.
Province boundaries are located but only cities or towns having chemical
industries are named.
Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(47) Korea Industrial Concentration 1944,1:4,000,000, 28 February 1945, Office of
Strategic Services (CIA 6140)
This useful map covers all of Korea and provides an effective though highly
generalized picture of the distribution of industry.
The degree of industrialization in each province is indicated with four
grades of distinctive shading. Code letters appearing near provinces identify the
political units industries.
Distinctive city symbols are used to locate "Cities of some industrial im-
portance".
Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA.
(48) Korea Machinery and Railway Equipment Manufacturing Centers and Shipyards,
1:3,800,000, 10 February 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6111).
This useful economic map, based primarily on 1940 data, covers all of Korea.
Distinctive symbols are used to identify areas where machinery and railway equip-
ment are manufactured. Only important plants are noted and, if a locality has
more than one plant of a particular type, the appropriate symbol is repeated.
Shipyards are located by symbols with large and small yards differentiated.
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Province boundaries are shown but only cities and towns prominent in the in-
dustrial picture are named.
Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA.
(49) Distribution of Population in Korea, 1:2,250,000, 15 August 1945, Office of
Strategic Services (CIA X-588)
This crude population map covering all of Korea is mentioned only because
distribution copies are readily available.
The MID was originally prepared as a dot distribution map with each dot rep-
resenting 200 persons; however, on the available photo-offset reproductions, the
dots have become so fused that their statistical values cannot be interpreted. As
a result, the map's portrayal of population distribution is crude and somewhat
deceiving. Data are of 1938.
To (province) boundaries are located and province names (Japanese forms) are
overprinted in such a way that they detract from the clarity of the population
data. A few important cities are named.
Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA.
(50) Korea, Aircraft, Motor Vehicles, and Munitions Plants, 1:3,900,000, 29 Feb.
1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6112).
This is a simple economic map covering all of Korea. Distinctive symbols
are used to identify areas where aircraft, motor vehicles and munitions are or
were produced. Only important plants are noted and if a locality has more than one
plant of a particular type, the appropriated symbol is repeated.
Province boundaries are shown but only towns prominent in the industrial
picture are named.
Copies are available in quantity in the Map Branch, CIA.
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(51) Map of Producing Mines in Korea, 1:1,000,000, Dec. 1935, Korea Mining
Association, Seoul (Japanese text).
This appears to be the best available mineral map covering all of Korea.
Exploited minerals are identified and the distribution of mine sites is vividly
shown against a complete background of cultural information. The text is in
Japanese but many key names are romanized and some of the production statistics
are given in Arabic numerals.
The mineral information is presented with van-colored symbols printed near
producing sites. The size of the symbols is proportional to the volume of pro-
duction. Figures appearing near the symbols indicate volume or value of production.
The legend provides symbols for each of the following:
nickel alum shale
alunite arsenic
mercury iron sulphide
barytes amorphous graphite
asbestos scaly graphite
agalmatolite bituminous coal
fluorite anthracite coal
molybdenum iron ore
tungsten copper
mica zinc
magnesite alluvial gold
silica gold-silver ore
Marginal graphs and statistical tables indicate "value of production" and
"number of mines in operation".
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The background cultural information is quite complete. Province and kun
(gun) boundaries and capitals are located. Towns (4 classes), railroads (2 clas-
ses), and roads (2 classes) are shown. Ports, lighthouses, and post offices are
identified.
The physical information includes spot heights, submarine contours, and
mineral springs.
Reference copies (color photo) are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
Manchuria ("Manchukuo") Number of Koreans, 1:4,500,000, August 1946, Depart-
ment of State, Division of Map Intelligence and Cartography (CIA 10486).
This is a fair population map covering northern Korea and all of Manchuria..
It provides an effective, though highly generalized, picture of the distribution
of Koreans in Manchuria. Unfortunately, no indication is given of the percentage
of Koreans in the total population. '
The population data are from statistics appearing in the 1942 Manchukuo
Yearbook. The information is presented graphically by marking each Manchukuoan
province with distinctive shading. The five shades used represent: (less than
10,000; 10,000-50,000; 50,000-100,000; 100,000-150,000; and over 150,000.)
The map shows international and Manchukuoan (Japanese) province boundaries.
Railroads (2 classes) are located and main towns are named.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(53) Minor Oil Facilities of Korea (With Related Transportation), 1:3,900,000..
26, Feb. 1945, Foreign Economic Administration (CIA-PEA 1910M).
This is a simple distribution map covering all of Korea. Distinctive
symbols are used to locate oil storage facilities. "Bulk and packaged oil depots"
and "packaged oil warehouses" are differentiated.
(52)
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Railroads (4 classes) and roads (2 classes) are portrayed in considerable
detail. Province boundaries are located.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(54) Korea Distribution of Electric Power Plants, 1:2,000,000, 28 February 1945,
Office of Strategic Services (CIA 5982).
This is one of the best available maps dealing with power plants in Korea.
It covers the entire country and, although based on data assembled during the war,
it still presents a reasonably reliable Picture of the distribution of electric
power plants.
Power producing installations are located with symbols distinctively
colored to differentiate thermoelectric from hydroelectric plants. Variations in
the shape of the symbols indicate power output (1)000-9,999 kw.; 10,000-49,999 kw.;
50,000-99,999 kw.; 100)000kw. and over). More detailed data on the output of each
plant is offered by an accompanying table in which plants are named and their
precise or estimated capacity in kw. is given. Numbers appearing beside plant
symbols on the map are keyed to this table.
Some plant locations are doubtful; this is indicated on the map with notes
near the presumed sites.
The text has been printed with East rather than North at the top of the
sheet.
Province bounderies are located and the hydrography pattern is portrayed in
considerable detail. Only towns and cities near power plants are named.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears
in JANIS 75.
(55) Koreans in Manchuria, 1:8,500,000, July 1945, prepared in the Department of
State, Division of Geography and Cartography (CIA-Ge 1732E).
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Two maps, both covering all of Manchuria and northern Korea, appear under one
title. The first shows "Koreans by province, October 1, 1940" and the second indi-
cates "Koreans in Cities over 100,000, August 31, 1941".
On the first map, Manchukuoan (Japanese) province boundaries are located and
a graphic circle device, proportional in size to the number of Koreans in the area,
is printed in each province. A marginal table gives the number of Koreans in each
province (1940-41).
The second map is the same as the first except that the graphic circles and
other data pertain to the populations of major cities instead of provinces.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(56) Korea Administrative Divisions, 1:2,000,000, 3 March 1945, Office of Stra-
tegic Services (CIA 6156).
For general reference, where highly detailed boundary information is not
needed, this map appears to be the best readily available English text map show-
ing province. kun, and a boundaries in Korea. It covers the whole country.
Province boundaries are portrayed with a conspicuous red line and kun bound-
aries are located in grey. The boundaries of 211 are also in grey but these special
municipalities are colored solid red. The areal extent of a class towns could not
be shown on a map at this scale and such communities are located with a conventional
sign.
The national capital, provincial capitals, and kun seats are identified by
symbol. The squares, circles, and triangles used to locate capitals have been
planned so that they can be superimposed one on the other without detracting from
the clarity of any individual symbol. Where a particular city is the capital of
more than one administrative unit, this fact is clearly indicated in a minimum
amount of space.
Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The
map appears in JANIS 75.
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(57) Breakdown of the Standard Vacuum Oil Co. in Japan and Korea, various scales,
1927-38, document assembled 1-28-42, Standard Vacuum Oil Co.
This document comprises a series of detailed sketches, city plans, and diagrams
covering all Standard Vacuum Oil Co. properties and installations in Japan and
Korea. Sixty of the plans pertain to Korea and portray installations in nearly
all major Korean cities.
Precise property dimensions are given and most plans carry notes indicating
whether the property was leased or owned. Preparation and revision dates are
given on each map or diagram.
A reference copy (negative photostat) is available in Reference, Department
of State (call number: YEA 165344).
Usable black and white copies can be made.
(58) Weather and Climate of Tsushitha Island and Surrounding Strait, Nov. 1943,
Weather Information Branch, Headquarters, Army Air Forces (Report #593).
This useful summary offers maps and other climatic data pertinent to all of
Korea. Southeastern Korea and the Tsushima Strait area are given special
attention and the suitability of weather conditions for bombing operations is
emphasized.
The maps appearing in the study can be divided into two main groups:
(a)
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Maps covering Korea, Japan, and adjacent areas. These maps,
scaled at 1:40,000,004 show cold air flow, warm air flow, cold
fronts, warm fronts, and occluded fronts. Atmospheric pressure
is given in millibars. Each map portrays typical conditions during
certain seasons. The titles are as follows:
Fig. 21 Winter Type -- Good Weather
Fig. 3, Winter Type -- Bad Weather
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Fig. 5, Summer Type -- Fair Weather
Fig. 8, Spring and Autumn Type -- Variable Weather.
(b) Maps covering southeastern Korea and the Tsushima Strait area.
All of these maps are scaled at 1:2,300,000. The titles, accom-
panied by brief descriptions, are as follows:
Fig. 1, Map of Topography Showing Location of Stations.
A simple sketch showing relief with layer shading. Six weather stations are
located.
Fig. it, Average Precipitation, Cloudiness, Ocean Currents for January.
Shows average precipitation with distinctive shading. Cloudiness is illus-
trated with graphs appearing near weather stations sites. Flow of ocean currents is
depicted with arrows and warm and cold currents are differentiated.
Fig. 6, Average Precipitation, Cloudiness and Ocean Currents for July.
Same as the map above with reference to a typical situation for July.
Fig. 7, Number of Days with Precipitation.
Number of days with precipitation is indicated on small graphs appearing near
each weather station.
The summary includes a brief discussion of weather controls, topography in re-
lation to weather, sea currents, typical conditions during the various seasons, and
bombing weather. Several statistical tables are presented.
Distribution copies of this report are available through the Weather Infor-
mation Branch, Headquarters, U.S. Air Forces. A reference copy is available in the
Map Branch, CIA.
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(59) Commercial Fertilizer Plants in Korea, 1:4,000,000, 6 May 1946) Natural
Resources Section, General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied
Powers (Fig. 1 in "Commercj.al Fertilizers in Korea", Report No. 33).
This is a simple outline map covering all of Korea. Province boundaries
are located and the distribution of commercial fertilizer plants is shown with
distinctive symbols.
Plants producing phosphatic, nitrogenous, and organic fertilizers are dif-
ferentiated. The map does not include data on organic fertilizer plants north of
the 38th parallel.
Reference copies of the report in which this map appears are available in
Reference, Department of State and in the Map Branch, CIA.
The map will yield usable black and white reproductions.
Korea Mission, 1:300,000) 1930, Foreign Missions Committee, Presbyterian
Church, USA, Nashville, Tenn.
This map covers southwestern Korea. Distinctive symbols are used to locate
various types.of mission stations and other places where Christian services were
held. An inset shows the division of Korea into Missionary Zones agreed upon by
the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches.
A reference copy is available in the Division of Maps, Library of Congress.
Black and white copies of limited usefulness can be made.
(61) Korea, Iron and Steel Industry, 1:3,800,000, Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic
Services (CIA 6137).
This map covers all of Korea offering fairly detailed' data on iron and
steel producing installations and ferroalloy ore mines.
Iron and steel production centers are located with symbols and the estimated
1944 plant capacity is indicated in metric tons. Some of the plant locations are
approximate.
(60)
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The legend includes inadequately interpreted data on "integration of iron
and steel plants".
Ferro-alloy ore mines (nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, manganese,
tungsten, chromium) are located with distinctive symbols. Symbols are also provided
for iron ore mines and coke oven plants.
Province boundaries are located but only towns and cities connected with the
mineral or industrial information are named.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears
in JANIS 75.
(62) Korea, Coal and Petroleum, 1:3,800,000, Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic
Service (CIA 6139).
This is a simple distribution map covering all of Korea. It locates coal
fields, coke ovens, and petroleum processing plants.
Twenty-three coalfields are located and named. Figures. appearing after
names indicate the number of mines in each coalfield. Coke ovens, synthetic
petroleum plants, and petroleum refineries are identified only by symbol. No
indication is given as to the volume of coal, coke, or petroleum produced or
processed.
Province boundaries are fortrayed and selected towns and cities are located.
The main railway net is also shown.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears
in JANIS 75.
(63) Korea, Plants Producing Construction Materials, 1:3,800,000, February 1945,
Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6136).
This distribution map covering all of Korea locates cement plants, structural-
steel plants, brick and tile plants in addition to plants producing building stone
and other construction materials.
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Production centers are shown with distinctive symbols. If more than one
plant of a particular type is located at or near a city, this is signified by re-
peating the appropriate symbol. No indication is given as to the volume of
building material produced.
Province boundaries are located but only towns and cities connected with the
industrial information are named.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(64) Korea Non-Ferrous Metals and Non-Metallic Minerals, 1:2,000,000, Feb. 1945,
Office of Strategic Services (CIA 6110).
This map covers all of Korea locating mines and refineries producing or
processing non-ferrous metals and non-metallic minerals.
Mines, refineries, smelters, and processing plants are located with dis-
tinctive symbols in which are printed letters identifying the following metals or
minerals:
asbestos copper magnesium
alunite fluorspar mica
alumina graphite lead
aluminum ? mercury antimony
aluminous shale magnesite zinc
When the location of an installation is uncertain this is indicated by
printing the symbol with a dotted line. The map provides no information on the
volume of production at mines and processing plants.
Province boundaries are portrayed but only cities and towns connected
with the mineral and metal information are named.
The map test is printed with East rather than North at the top of the
sheet.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map
appears in JANIS 75.
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(65) Suiho Dam and Environs (Yalu River), 1:25,000, Nov. 1943, Target Research,
Army Map Service (Text in Japanese and English).
This map shows the probable shoreline of the lower portion of the Suiho
Reservoir on the Yalu River.
It was prepared by joining and enlarging various sheets of the Korea 1:50,000
series and a Manchuria set scaled at 1:100,000. On this base, the dam, the power
house, the shoreline of the reservoir, and certain railroads have been interpolated.
The alignment of the main railroad crossing the dam is approximate and the
location of buildings and other cultural features near the dam is not entirely
reliable.
A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(66) Korea: Primary Centers of Industryt Power, and Mines, 1:3,000,000, 9 October
1942, Office of Strategic Services (CIA 992).
This is an effective economic map covering all of Korea. Industrial plants,
electric power installations, mines, and mineral processing centers are located.
The map offers data on some phases of Korea's economy that are not Covered
as well on other available maps.
the early years of the war
entirely reliable.
Symbols show the distribution
However, it is based on data assembled during
and presents a picture of Korea's economy which is not
iron and steel
aluminum and/or magnesium
chemicals and munitions
aircraft and transport
of the following industries:
petroleum
cement
textile
general manufactures
Dams, hydroelectric plants, thermoelectric plants, and power transmission lines are
located. An indication is given as to whether dams and power plants were (as of 1942)
in operation or incomplete.
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Mines are located with uniform symbols; letters appearing in the symbols
identify the exploited mineral (e.g. gold, coal, iron, copper, alunite, magnesite,
tungsten, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, and graphite).
The map provides no indication as to the volume of production at the various
mines and plants.
Province boundaries are located and a fair selection of place names is
presented.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(67) Choshin-Fusen Hydraulic Power Plants and Konan Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant in
Korea, n.s., n.d., Map #5 in Survey of Korea, U.S. War Department, 1943.
This is an oblique panorama sketch covering the main industrial installations
at Hiingnam (Konan).
In addition to locating main plants, docks, building, etc., it provides a
sketchy portrayal of the power lines running from this power producing area to
other cities in northern Korea.
The panorama has no true scale and the size of the Hringnam industrial area
has been deliberately exaggerated. Relief is indicated with plastic shading.
This view originally appeared in a Japanese publication. After an English
text was added, it was reproduced (photocopy) in 1943 for inclusion in the U.S.
War Department report Survey of Korea. It was also reproduced (photo-offset) for
inclusion in Strategic Engineering Study #157, Electric Power Of Korea, item
(198) in this report.
A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch,
CIA.
(68) A Climatic Summary of Korea, June 1944,.Aerology Section, Chief of Naval
Operations.
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This is a brief but highly effective climate summary covering all of Korea.
It presents a picture of the country's weather and climate which is about as
complete and reliable as available source information permits.
The report is based primarily on the records of from 15 to 17 major
Korean weather observatories. Supplementary data from a hundred or more minor
weather stations have also been used.
The twenty-four simple outline maps included in the study are devoted ex-
clusively to the climate and weather information indicated in their titles.
Figure numbers and titles are given below along with brief descriptions.
Fig. 2, Surface Wind Roses, Winter, 1:5,000,000.
Locates fourteen well distributed wind diagrams which graphically illustrate
the percentage of the winter season during which the wind blows from various di-
rections. Figures in the centers of the wind roses indicate the percentage of
calms.
Fig. 3, Mean Monthly Distribution of Precipitation (inches), 1:5,000,000.
Lines delimit areas having equal precipitation during January. Weather
stations are located.
Fig. 4, Distribution of Mean Temperature (all), 1:5,000,000.
Lines delimit areas having equal mean temperature during January.
Fig. 5, (wind roses; same as Fig. 2, for Spring)
Fig. 6, (precipitation; same as Fig. 3, for April)
Fig. 7, (wind roses; same as Figures 2 and 5, for Summer)
Fig. g, (precipitation; same as Figures 3 and 6, for July)
Fig. 9, (temperature; same as Figure 4, for August)
Fig. 10, (wind roses; same as Figures 2, 5, and 7, for Autumn)
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Fig. 11, (precipitation; same as Figures 3, 6, and 8 for October.
Fig. 19, Soil Trafficability Map, 1:6,000,000.
A highly generalized map; distinctive shading located four soil types.
Descriptions of each type are given in the legend along with data on
trafficability under varying weather conditions.
Figures 26-37, Charts of Monthly Weather Conditions, 1:5,000,000.
This series includes a map for each month. On each map small boxes
appearing near weather stations give average temperature in degrees Fahr-
enheit, average precipitation in inches, prevailing wind direction, cloud
cover, days with precipitation and average wind velocity in miles per hour.
Figure 38, Station Location Map, 1:5,000,000.
Names and locates fifteen weather stations. In addition to the above
noted maps, the report presents a well-organized general discussion of
Korea's climate conditions in relation to air operations, various graphs,
and numerous statistical tables.
Distribution copies are obtainable through the Aerology Section,
Chief of Naval Operations. A reference copy is available. in the Map Branch,
CIA.
(69) Tobacco Map of Japan, 1:1,500,000, 1936, Kyodo Tobacco Co., Ltd.,
Tokyo (English text). .
This is a distribution map covering the former Japanese Empire. Korea
, is shown on a 1:2,500,000 inset.
Cultivation zones for different varieties of tobacco are located with
distinctive coloring. Numbers, superimposed in color, denote and various types
to a detailed legend where the names of major varieties and sub-types are given.
The map provides no information on the volume of tobacco produced.
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On the Korean inset, previous boundaries are located and main towns are
named.
.(70)
A reference copy of this map is available in the Map Branch, CIA.
No usable black and white copies can be made.
Kyongsong or Seoul (Keijo), 1:12,500,000, March 1946, Army Map Service (ANS
L951, 1st Edition, AMS-1)
This map appears to be the best available city plan covering Korea's capital.
It is in effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of
physical and cultural information pertaining to. the city and environs. Although it
does not record recent changes in the function of certain buildings and installations,
the map still presents a remarkably complete and reliable portrayal of this im-
portant city.
The plan has been carefully compiled from the best available Japanese maps.
Air photographs and intelligence reports were also used as sources. The marginal
data include a diagram indicating the sources uspd in preparing particular sections
of the map.
Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function
and precise building outlines are shown. Residential or semi-residential areas are
indicated with two shades of yellow distinguishing sparsely built-up areas from
densely built-up areas.
The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail; primary roads,
other roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (4,4" gauge; single track,
double track) and tramways are shown.
The map also presents information on the miscellaneous cultural features
listed below:
water supply facilities temples
railroad shop and service installations- shrines
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police stations cemeteries
high tension power lines military installations
schools prisons
hospitals banks
Relief is shown with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and cther
embankments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked and spot heights
are given in meters.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams,
wells, ponds, canals and irrigation ditches are shown.
Considerable land utilization information is presented. Woodland) grass-
land, rice growing areas and orchards are vividly portrayed.
A unique feature of this map is its detailed (1943) data on city adminis-
trative units. Names of these zones are listed on the reverse side in an
alphabetical index presenting both Korean and Japanese pronunciation. Grid ref-
erences and key numbers identify the names on the map.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards.
Isogonic information (1946) and a brief glossary are presented along with the
previously.mentioned data on compilation sources.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Brandi', CIA.
(71) P'yongyang (Heijo), 1:12,500, October 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951,
1st. ed. ANS 1).
This appears to be the best available plan covering Ply15ngyang. It is in
effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical
and cultural information pertaining to the city and a portion of its environs.
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The map was compiled from Japanese maps, U.S. air photographs, and intelli-
gence reports. The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used in
preparing particular sections. The data presented are reasonably complete and
reliable.
Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and
precise building outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are
indicated with shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from
densely built-up areas.
The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary
roads, rural roads, city streets, and trails, are identified. Railroads (418*"
gauge; single track, double track 3'6", single track) and tramways are shown. Wood
and steel bridges are distinguished.
The map also provides information on the cultural features listed below.
water supply facilities post offices
railroad service installations temples
police stations shrines
high tension power lines cemeteries
schools military installations
hospitals
Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams,
wells, ponds, canals, and irrigation ditches are shown. For the main river
flowing through the city (the Taedong-Gang), soundings are given in fathoms.
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The .Tido Navy coal mine region, a few miles east of the city, is portrayed
on a sketchy (1:62,500) inset.
Land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodlands, grassland, and
cultivated areas, are 'vividly shown. Rice growing fields are differentiated from
other agricultural areas.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards.
Isogonic information (1946) and a brief glossary are presented along with the
previously mentioned data on compilation sources.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(72) Heijo, Korea, 1:11,500, date of photography: 13 Dec. 1944, Air Photo
Mosaic, no publisher or authority.
This is a fairly clear air photo mosaic covering the Sadong coal mines and
industrial areas a few miles east of Pieingyang. Only a small part of the city
proper is covered but the mosaic takes in areas that are not shown on map (71)
P'yongyang (Heijo).
A reference copy- is available in the Map Branch, CIA'.
(73) Pusan (Pusan), 1:12,500, July 1946, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1st ed.,
AMS 1).
This appears to be the best available plan covering Pusan. It is in effect
a fairly detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical-
and cultural information pertaining to this important port.
The plan was compiled largely from air photographs and hydrographic charts.
The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing
particular sections.
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Most of the prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or
function and precise building outlines are shown. Residential End semi-residential
areas are indicated with shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up
areas from densely built-up areas.
The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary
roads, suburban roads, and trails are identified. Railroads ()4'8i" gauge; single
track, double track; narrow gauge) and tramways are shown.
The map also provides information on the cultural features listed below.
water supply facilities temples
railroad service cemeteries
installations
police stations military
installations
schools hospitals
Relief is depicted with form lines. Dikes and embankments are hachured
and spot heights are given in meters.
In addition to the main streams; reservoirs, canals, and irrigation
ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms.
Land utilization information is fairly detailed. Woodlands, grasslands,
and rice growing areas are shown.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards.
Isogonic information (1946) and a brief glossary are presented along with the
previously mentioned data on compilation sources. A meters to feet conversion
table is also presented.
?
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
A limited number of distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
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(7)4)
Town Plan of Pusan (Pusan), 1:27,000, 28 Feb. 1945, Office of Strategic
Services (CIA 6141).
This simple outline plan of Pusan is included in this analysis becauSe it
is readily available and because it is highly suitable for illustrating reports.
The sheet measures 10" x 12".
This small-scale plan is by no means as detailed or complete as map (73)
Pusan (Pusan); however, the information presented is generally reliable. Air
photos were one of the principal compilation sources.
Main streets are clearly located and many of the more important installa-
tions are identified by name or function. Warehouses, industrial areas and mil-
itary areas are specially colored and stand out vividly. The terrain of the
surrounding country is not portrayed.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The plan appears
in JANIS 75.
(75) Pusan, Korea, 1:17,000, Date of Photography; 17 Nov. 1944, no publisher or
authority.
This is a very clear air photo mosaic covering Pusan's harbor, docks, in-
dustrial area, and a portion of the city proper. It supplements the data appearing
on map (73) Pusan (Pusan) and provides a vivid picture of land utilization.
A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(76) Chqingjin (Seishin), 1:12,500, July 1946, Army Map Service (ANS 1951, 1st
ed.) ANS 1).
This appears to be the best available plan covering ChOcingjin. It is in
effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical
and cultural information pertaining to the city.
Although only "probable sites" are given for certain buildings and instal-
lations, the map still presents a remarkably complete and effective portrayal of
this important port.
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The plan has been compiled from some of the best available Japanese
topographical maps. Hydrographic charts, air photographs, and intelligence reports
were also used as sources. The marginal data include a diagram indicating what
sources were used in preparing particular sections of the map.
Many prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or
function and precise building outlines are often shown. Residential and semi-
residential areas are indicated with shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely
built-up areas from densely built-up areas.
?
The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Pri-
mary roads, secondary roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (4,8i" gauge;
single track, double track; 3'6" gauge, single track) and tramways are shown.
The map also provides information on the cultural features listed
below:
air fields
railroad service
installations
schools
police stations
banks
prisons
military
installations
hospitals
high tension power lines
Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals and numerous spot
heights in meters are presented.
slopes are specially marked.
Hydrography is quite
Dikes and embankments are hachured. Precipitous
fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
given in meters.
Woodland, grass-
ponds, canals, and irrigation ditches are shown. Sea depths are
The land utilization information is quite detailed.
land and rice growing areas are vividly shown.
The marginal data include linear
scales in miles, meters and yards.
Isogonic information (1946) and a brief glossary are presented along with the
'previously mentioned data on compilation sources.
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Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(77) Ch'ongjin (Seishin), Korea, 1:21,500, 1945-?, Office of Strategic Services
(CIA X-646.4).
This simple outline plan of Cheagjin is included in this analysis because
it is readily available and because it is highly suitable for illustrating reports.
The sheet measures 12" x 22".
This plan is by no means as detailed or complete as map (76) Chongjin
(Seishin), 1:12,500; however, the main features are located atcurately and a very
small area not portrayed on map (76) is covered.
The principal streets are clearly shown and a few important installations are
identified by name or function. The railroad net, printed in red, stands out
vividly.
Sea depths are given in feet but relief is not indicated.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA. The map appears
in JANIS 75.
(78) Sketch Plan of Taegu (Taikyu), 1:17,500, Dec. 1945, Office of Strategic
Services (CIA 3632).
This appears to be the only readily available plan covering Taegu. Though
sketchy and highly generalized, it presents a fair picture of the transportation
net, the distribution of built-up areas, and the locations of major buildings.
The map is printed on a small sheet (10" x 12") and it can easily be used to
illustrate reports.
Twenty-four buildings or installations are numbered and identified by name
Or function in the legend. Built-up sections of the city are specially shaded
and rice-growing areas are indicated. Hills surrounding the urban area are
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crudely hachured. The hydrography pattern is vague and easily confused with roads.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(79) Inch'on, 1:12,500, July 1946, Army Map Service (ANS L951, Type F, AMS 1).
This appears to be the best available plan covering Inch'on. It is in
effect a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical
and cultural information pertaining to this important port. The data presented
are reasonably complete and reliable.
The map was compiled from Japanese maps, air photographs, hydrographic
charts, and intelligence reports. The marginal data include a diagram indicating
the sources used in preparing particular sections of the plan.
Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function
and precise building outlines are shown. Built-up areas are shaded.
The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary
and secondary roads are identified. Railroads (4'4" gauge single track, 4,4"
gauge double track, narrow gauge single track, narrow gauge double track) and
tramways are shown.
Province, kun, and myon boundaries are located.
The map also provides information on the cultural features noted below:
water supply facilities schools
police stations post offices
high tension power lines shrines
salt-evaporators hospitals
cemeteries
Relief is depicted with approximate contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes
and embankments are hachured..
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Hydrography is completely represented. In addition to the main streams;
ponds, canals, and ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms. Tidal mud
flats are portrayed and the speed of the tidal flow in certain channels is noted.
The distribution of woodlands (brushwood) and orchards is indicated.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic
information (1945) an index to boundarien, and a brief glossary are presented along
with the previously mentioned data on compilation sources.
Copies are, available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(80) eangnam (Konan), 1:10,000, May 1945, Army Map Service (ANS L951, 1st ed.
AMS 1).
This appears to be the best available plan covering Hungnam. It is in effect
a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of fairly reliable
physical and cultural information pertaining to this important industrial city.
The map was compiled from Japanese maps, air photographs, hydrographic
charts and intelligence reports.
The marginal' data include a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing
particular sections of the plan.
Prominent city buildings and installations of the Chosen Nitrogen Fertilizer
Company are identified by function. Precise building and plant outlines are shown.
Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading; shade
variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas.
The transportatipn pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary
roads, secondary roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (4,8i" gauge
single track, 418i" gauge double track, narrow gauge single track, and tramways
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are shown. The name of the construction material usually appears beside symbols
representing prominent bridges.
The map also provides information on the cultural features noted below:
water supply facilities markets
high tension power lines schools
power plants cemeteries
Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked and spot heights are
given in meters.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
ponds, marshes, and irrigation ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in fathom.
The land utilization information is also fairly detailed; woodlands, grasslands,
and rice growing areas are clearly portrayed.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards.
Isogonic information (1945) and a brief glossary are presented along with the
previously mentioned data on compilation sources.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
(81) Keijo-Jinsen Industrial Area, 1:25,000, May 1946, Army Map Service.
This is a detailed topographical map prepared especially to cover the
industrial installations and transportation features between Kyongsuong (Keijo,
Seoul) and Inch'On (Jinsen). It shows the town of Keijo-Fu (a suburb of Kieingsiing),
the Fuhei-Sosha airport, several industrial installations, and the eastern part
of Inchon.
The map was compiled from Japanese maps, U.S. air photographs, and intel-
ligence reports. The marginal data include a diagram indicating the sources used
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in preparing particular sections.
Although it does not record recent changes in the functions of certain
buildings and installations, this map still presents a remarkably complete and
effective portrayal of an economically important area.
Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and
precise building outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are
indicated with shading and sparsely built-up areas are distinguished from densely
built-up areas by shade variations.
The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Main roads,
rural roads, city streets, and trails, are identified. Railroads (4'4" gauge
double track, 3'6" single track) and numerous stations are shown.
The map also provides information on the cultural features noted below:
water supply facilities prisons
township offices temples
high tension power lines shrines
power plants cemeteries
military installations salt pans
Relief is depicted with contours, at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured and spot heights are given in meters.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams,
ponds, tidal flats, canals, and irrigation ditches are shown.
The land utilization information is also fairly complete. Woodlands, grass-
lands, and rice growing areas are clearly portrayed.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. A
brief glossary is presented along with the previously mentioned data on compilation
sources.
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Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(82) Wonsan (Genzan), 1:12,500, Feb. 1945, Army Map Service (AMB L951, 1st ed.
ME .
This map appears to be the best available plan covering Ansan. It is in
effect a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and
cultural information pertaining to the port.
The map was compiled almost entirely from hydrographic charts and intel-
ligence reports. It is not as reliable as similiar ANS plans (covering other
Korean cities) based in part on air photographs.
Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function
and their outlines are shown. Built-up areas are indicated with shading.
The transportation pattern includes primary roads, other roads, and trails.
Railroads (4'8*" gauge single track) are also shown.
The map provides information on the cultural features noted below:
lighthouses prisons
railroad service schools
installations
markets cemeteries
oil refineries dock facilities
City precinct are identified with numbers keyed to a legend giving Japanese
and Korean forms for precincts names.
Relief is depicted with form lines. Dikes and embankments are hachured and
precipitous slopes are specially marked. Spot heights are given in meters.
Sea depths are indicated in fathoms. Streams, ponds, ditches, and swamps
are shown.
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The land utilization information is fairly complete. Woodlands, grasslands,
and rice growing areas are vividly portrayed.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic
information (1944) and a brief glossary are presented.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(83) Hamhung (Kanko), 1:10,000, Sept. 1944, Army Map Service.
This appears to be the best available plan covering Hamhung. It is a.fairly
detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and
cultural information pertaining to the city.
The map was compiled almost entirely from various Japanese maps and it is
not quite as reliable as similiar AMB plans (covering other Korean cities) based
in part on air photographs. A marginal diagram indicates the sources used in
preparing particular sections.
Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function
and precise building outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas
are indicated with shading. Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas.
The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Primary
roads, secondary roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads (4,81" gauge
single track, light railroad single track) are shown.
A 1:25,000 inset shows the site of an airfield 21 miles southeast of the city.
The map also provides information on the cultural features noted below:
water supply facilities markets
high tension power lines schools
military installations hospitals
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silk mills prisons
cemeteries
Relief is depicted with contours at 5 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked and spot heights are
given in meters.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
ponds, wells, and irrigation ditches are shown.
The land utilization information is also fairly complete. Woodlands, grass-
lands, mulberry growing areas, and rice producing lands are vividly portrayed.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. A
list of precincts and a brief glossary are presented along with the previously
mentioned data on compilation sources.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.,
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(84) Keiki Kaijo, 1:13,800, 1930, publisher unknown (Japanese text).
This map originally appeared in a Japanese book or periodical. Only a photo
reproduction was examined. There is every indication that the scale of the repro-
duction approximates that of the original.
The map probably presents a fairly reliable picture of the alignment of main
transportation features in and around the city. Information on installations and
the extent of the built-up area may be badly out-of-date. In spite of these
liabilities this plan appears to offer the best available coverage for Kaisong
(Keiki Kaij(7), Songdo, Kaij6).
The area around the city is systematically contoured and numerous spot
heights are given in meters. The appearance of the terrain data suggests that the
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information was copied totally or in part from various large-scale topographical
sets.
Railroads, main roads, city streets, and trails are shown in some detail.
Dark shading locates the built-up area. A few buildings are identified.
Reference copies and a limited number of distribution copies (photo
reproductions) are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(85) Sketch Plan of KaesOng (Songdo) Kaij-6), 1:13,500, 29 Dec. 1945, Interim
Research and Intelligence Service, Department of State, (CIA 3635).
This plan is little more than a rudimentary sketch. It was apparently
prepared by enlarging selected data appearing on a topographical sheet covering
the area.
Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are shown but little or no detail
on city streets is presented. Relief is not indicated and only a few main streams
are portrayed. Schools, courts, warehouses, and various government offices are
located and identified.
This sketch plan does not present as detailed a picture of the city as the
previously discussed-Japanese map (84) Keiki Kaijo. It is included in the report
only because it is readily available and because the text is in English.
Distribution copies can be obtained at the Map Branch, CIA.
(86) Chinnamp'o (Chinnampo), 1:10,000, May 1945, Army Map Service (ANS L951,
1st ed. ANS 1).
This plan was cbmpiled almost entirely from Japanese maps and U.S. hydro-
graphic charts. The information pertaining to the town proper is fairly reliable
but in the surrounding area, changes in the coastline, new industrial instal-
lations, and new transportation features (revealed by air photographs), are not
adequately portrayed.
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Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or functions;
outlines of buildings are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are
distinguished from densely built-up areas.
Primary roads, secondary road, and trails are identified. Railroads (4,8i"
gauge single track, narrow gauge single track) are also shown.
City precincts are ide'itified with numbers keyed to a legend giving Japanese
and Korean forms for precinct names.
The map also provides information on the cultural features listed below:
custom houses cotton mills
courts rice mills
police stations cemeteries
schools prisons
hospitals banks
Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked and spot heights are
given in meters.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
swamps, mud flats, and ponds are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms.
Land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodlands, grassland and
rice growing areas are vividly portrayed.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. Isogonic
information (1945) and a brief glossary are presented along with a diagram indi-
cating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
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(87) Chinnamp'o, Korea, 1:11,700, date of photography: 13 Dec. 1944, no
publisher, no authority.
This is a fairly clear air photo mosaic covering all of Chinnamp'o and a
considerable portion of the surrounding area. It supplements map (86) Chinnampo'o
(Chinnampo) by covering a larger portion of the city's environs and by presenting
more accurate data on the coastline, industrial installations and transportation
features.
A reference copy is available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(88) Sketch Plan of Kwangju (Koshu), 1:14,000, 29 Dec. 1945, Office of Strategic
Services (CIA 3627).
This appears to be the only readily available plan of Kwangju. It was pre-
pared by copying selected data from a 1918 topographical sheet covering this area.
The portrayal of the town is highly generalized.
The value of this plan lies in its fairly complete identification of build-
ings and other cultural features. Locations are noted for the following:
Southern Presbyterian mission railroad service
installations
various schools rice mills
water works electric plant
two hospitals slaughter house
tax office cotton mill
barracks post office
gasoline storage tanks prison
provincial offices banks
commercial museum city hall
police station and jail Buddhist temple
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Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are located, but the portrayal of
city streets in sketchy and incomplete. The built-up are is crudely indicated with
shading.
Relief is not portrayed and only a few main streams are shown.
aistribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(89) Mokp'o (Moppo), 1:12,500, March 1945, Army Map Service.
This appears to be the best available plan covering Mokp'o. It is in effect
a detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural
information pertaining to the port.
The map was compiled largely from Japanese maps and hydrographic charts. It
is not as reliable as similiar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in
part on air photographs.
Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines
are shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading.
Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas.
Primary roads, other roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads ()4'4"
gauge; single track, double track) are also shown.
City precincts are identified with numbers keyed to a legend giving Japanese
and Korean forms for precinct names.
The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features
noted below.
lighthouses schools
railroad service facilities post offices
markets city offices
water supply facilities police stations
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high tension power lines hospitals
ferries
Relief is depicted with numbered contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and
embankments are hachured and steep slopes are specially marked.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
reservoirs, conduits, marshes, mud flats, and ditches are shown. Sea depths are
given in fathoms.
The land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodland, grassland,
and rice growing areas are vividly portrayed.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards. A
brief glossary is presented along with a diagram indicating the sources used in
preparing particular sectioris of the map.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Any Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(90) Haeju (Kaishu), 1:12,500, May 1945, Army Map Service (AMS L951, 1st ed.
Ale 1).
This appears to be the best available plan covering Haiju. It is a fairly
detailed topographical map presebting an assortment of physical and cultural
information pertaining to the town and its environs.
The map was compiled from Japanese maps, hydrographic charts, and intel-
ligence reports. It is not as reliable as similiar ANS plans (covering other
Korean cities) 'based in part on air photographs.
Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines
are shown. Residential and semi-residential districts are indicated with shading.
Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas.
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Primary roads, other roads and trails, are identified. Railroads (3'6"
gauge or less, single track) are also shown. The alignment of some railroads is
approximate.
The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features
noted below:
lighthouses schools
markets city offices
prisons police stations
water-supply facilities cemeteries
post offices hospitals
Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured. Precipitious slopes are specially marked.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
ponds, marshes, mud flats, and irrigation ditches are shown. Sea depths are given
in fathoms.
The land utilization information is rather detailed. Woodland, grassland,
and rice growing areas are vividly portrayed.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards.
Isogonic. information (1945) and a brief glossary are presented along with a
diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(91) An-tung and Shingishu) 1:12,500) Oct. 1945, Army Map Service.
This appears to be the best readily available plan covering Sinuijua
(Shingishd) and the adjacent Manchurian town, Antung. It was compiled from
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Japanese maps, Japanese hydrographic charts, and U.S. air photographs.
Outlines of most prominent buildings are shown and many are identified by
name or function.
The city street pattern is presented in considerable detail and 2 classes of
roads are identified. Railroads (4,8i" gauge; single track, double track) are
shown and various railroad service installations are identified.
The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features
noted below:
schools military installations
government offices water supply facilities
prisons bridges
power plants airfields
radio stations log ponds
paper mills markets
ferries boat yards
Relief is depicted with numbered contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and
embankments are hachured. Soundings in the Yalu River are given in fathoms.
The land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodland, bruehland,
grassland, and rice growing areas are identified.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards, a brief
glossary, and a diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular
sections of the map.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
(92) Sketch Plan of Chonju (Zenshu), 1:13,000, Dec. 1945, Interim Research and
Intelligence Service, Department of State, (CIA 3630)..
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This. appears to be the only readily available plan showing Chednju. It was
prepared by copying selected data from a 1917 topographical sheet covering the area.
The portrayLl of the town is highly generalized.
. The main value of the plan lies in its fairly complete .identification of
buildings and other important cultural features. The following are located:
Presbyterian hospital churches
schools post offices
warehouses banks
courts prisons
governor's residence factories
police station
Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are located. The portrayal of city
streets is sketchy and incomplete. The built-up area is crudely indicated with
shading.
Relief is not depicted and only a few main streams are shown.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(93) Kunsan (Gunzan), 1:13,000, Sept. 1946, Army Map Service (ANS L951, let Ed.
ANS 1).
This appears to be the best available plan covering Kunsan. It is in effect
a detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and
cultural information pertaining to the port.
The map was compiled from Japanese maps, U.S. air photographs, hydrographic
charts, and intelligence reports. It presents a fairly reliable portrayal of the
town.
Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines
are shown. Residential and semi-residential districts are indicated with shading.
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Shade variations distinguish sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas.
Main roads, secondary roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads (3'6"
gauge, single track) are also shown.
The map provides information on such miscellaneous cultural features as
lighthouses, post offices, markets,.dock facilities, prisons, water supply
facilities, high tension power lines, schools, city offices: police stations,
hospitals, and power plants.
Relief is depicted with contours at 10 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
ponds, canals, marshes, mud flats, and irrigation ditches are shown. River depths
are given in fathoms.
The land utilization information is quite detailed. Woodlands, grasslands,
and extensive rice-growing areas are vividly portrayed.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards.
Isogonic information (19)45) and a brief glossary are presented along with a
diagram indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map..
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(9)4) florear: 1:10,000, 1916-1937, Land Survey Bureau, Government General of
Chosen* (Japanese text).
This set consists of 55 irregularly aligned and sometimes overlapping sheets
layed out so as to cover a town or city and a portion of the surrounding area.
*In the U.S. Any Map Service Map Library, the publisher of this series is referred
to as the "Japanese Military Staff".
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The representation of both physical and cultural features in considerably
more detailed than that offered by other large-scale sets covering Korea.
Most of the sheets are based on original surveys executed about 1917. A
few sheets, published between 1933 and 1937, are based in part on later surveys.
At the time of their publication and for many years after the various sheets
of this series offered the best available coverage for Korean towns and cities.
Although the majority of the sheets available in the U.S. are now out-of-date
(changes in urban patterns resulting from the Japanese war effort are not recorded),
there are still a few towns for which this set offers the best, if not the only,
large-scale coverage. This appears to be true of three towns listed in the city
plan table (Part I, Section IX), namely:
(a) Taign (Taiden)
(b) Chinju (Shinshii)
(c) HoeryOng (Kainei)
Although some special attention has been given to the three sheets noted
above, the following descriptive comments are generally applicable to the entire
series.
Prominent buildings and installations are identified by name or function and
in some instance& precise building outlines are shown. The built-up portions of
urban areas are indicated.
Province, pu, kun, up, and rayon, boundaries are located.
The transportation pattern is presented in considerable detail. Roads
(several classes) and railroads are shown.
The legend identifies such cultural features as water-supply facilities,
high tension power lines, mines, quarries, bridges, ferries, factories, temples,
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shrines, prisons, cemeteries, etc.
The distribution of woodlands, grasslands, rice-growing areas, orchards,
and other vegetation types is vividly shown.
Relief is depicted with contours at 5 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured and precipitous slopes are specially marked. Spot heights are
given in meters.
Reference copies of the three sheets cited previously and nearly all other
sheets in this series are available in the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Usable black and white copies can be made.
(95) Najin (Rashin), 1:20,000, Army Map Service (ANS L951 1st ed. ANSI.),
Jan. 1946.
This map appears to be the best available plan covering Najin. It is in
effect a sketchy topographical map presenting incomplete physical and cultural
information pertaining to the port.
The map was compiled from hydrographic charts, Japanese maps (1:50,000),
and intelligence reports. It is not as reliable as similiar AMS plans (covering
other Korean cities) based in part on air photographs.
Only a few prominent buildings are identified by name or function. The
approximate di..tribution of built-up areas is indicated with shading.
Roads are identified and railroads (4'8i" gauge, single track) are shown.
The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features
noted below:
railroad service facilities warehouses
dock facilities city offices
military installations
Relief is depicted with form lines and a few spot heights in meters. The
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hydrography pattern is sketchy; only a few main streams are shown. Sea depths are
given in fathoms. Grasslands are identified by symbols and one small rice growing
area is located.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards.
Isogonic information (1946) and a brief glossary are presented along with a diagram
indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map. Copies
are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. Limited quantities
are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(96) Rashin Ka, 1:16,500, 1945, Office of Strategic Services (CIA X646.2).
This monochrome plan of Najin is not quite as complete as map (95) Najin
(Rashin) but it is on a larger scale.
A Japanese hydrographic chart was the main compilation source and the data
presented are about as reliable as those appearing on map (95).
Main roads and railroads are located and a few prominent buildings are
identified.
Relief is not indicated and only a few main streams are shown. Numerous
sea depths are given in feet.
The marginal data include a linear scale in meters.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(97) Masan, 1:12,500, Feb. 1946, Army Map Service (ANS L951, 1st Ed. ANIS 1).
This appears to be the best available plan covering Masan. It is in effect
a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultur-
al information pertaining to the port.
The map was compiled from Japanese maps, and hydrographic charts. It is not
as reliable as similar ANS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part on
air photographs.
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Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines
are shown. The built-up area is indicated with shading.
Primary roads, secondary roads, projected streets, and trails are identified.
Railroads (3'6" gauge, single track) are also shown. Bridges are located by
symbol and the construction material is usually indicated.
The map also provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features
noted below:
warehouses schools
dock facilities markets
water supply facilities city offices
military installations police stations
high tension power lines cemeteries
post offices hospitals
temples.
Relief is depicted with form lines and embankments are hachured. Precipitous
slopes are specially marked. Spot heights are given in meters.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
wells, canals, and mud flats are shown. Sea depths are given in fathoms.
The marginal data include linear scales in miles, meters, and yards.
Isogonic information (1946) and a brief glossary are presented along with a diagram
indicating the sources used in preparing particular sections of the map.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(98) Yosu (Reisui), 1:10,000, May 1945, Army Map Service.
This appears to be the best available plan covering Yosu. It is in effect a
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fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and cultural
information pertaining to the port.
The map was compiled largely from Japanese maps and hydrographic charts. It
is not as reliable as similar AMS plans (covering other Korean cities) based on
air photographs.
Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their outlines are
shown. Residential and semi-residential areas are indicated with shading which
distinguishes sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas.
Primary roads, other roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (4,8i"
gauge, single track) are also shown.
The map provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted
below:
lighthouses post offices
markets schools
oil storage city offices
docks police stations
ferries hospitals
cable landings
Relief is depicted with contours at 20 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured. Precipitous slopes are specially marked. The few spot heights
given are in meters.
Main streams, mud flats, and ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in
fathoms.
Woodlands, grasslands, and rice-growing areas are identified.
The marginal, data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief
glossary, and a list of sources.
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Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(99) Joshin (SOngjin) Plan of Port and Town, 1:12,000, 1944, Map 10 in Survey
of Korea, U.S. War Department.
This appears to be the best available plan covering SOngjin. It is prob-
ably based on a British map which, in turn, was compiled largely from hydrographic
charts.
Comparison with similar maps covering other Korean cities suggests that the
representation of the central part of the town is fairly reliable while the
portrayal of the city's environs is sketchy and incomplete.
Outlines of some prominent buildings are shown but very few installations
are identified. The built-up area is indicated with dark shading.
Railroads and roads are located. Many of the cit y% streets are depicted
with dotted lines to indicate that they are, or were, projected.
Relief is shown with form lines and spot heights in feet. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured and steep slopes are specially marked.
The hydrography pattern is sketchy and sea depths are not given.
Limited quantities of distribution photocopies are available in the Map
Branch, CIA.
(100) Unggi (Ylaki), 1:20,000, 1945, Army Map Service.
This appears to be the best available plan covering Unggi. It is in effect
a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and
cultural information pertaining to this small port.
The map was compiled largely from Japaneee maps, hydrographic charts, and
U.S. air photo coverage of poor quality. It is not very reliable.
?
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A few prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their
outlines are shown. Residential and semi-residential districts are indicated with
shading which distinguishes sparsely built-up areas from densely built-up areas.
Primary roads, other roads, and trails are identified. Railroads (4'4"
gauge single track) are also shown.
The map provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted
below:
lighthouses post office
dock facilities customs house
police station weather bureau office
town office fire station
bridges
Relief is depicted with form lines. Dikes and embankments are hachured and
precipitous slopes are specially marked.
Main streams, canals, and mud flats are shown. Sea depths are given in
fathoms.
Woodland, grassland, and rice growing areas are identified.
The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief
glossary, and a diagram indicating the sources used in compiling particular sections
of the map.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(101) Unggi (Taki)? Korea, 1:17,500, 1945, Office' of Strategic Services (CIA
X - 646.3).
This is a simple outline plan of Unggi. It is not as complete as map (100)
Unggi (Yaki) but it is on a slightly larger scale and for a few small areas it
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offers data not shown on the Army Map Service plan.
Like map (100), this plan was also compiled from air photos (Dec. 19)44) an
Japanese hydrographic charts. It does not appear to be quite
(100).
as reliable as map
Main roads and railroads are located and a few prominent buildings are
identified.
Relief is not indicated and only a few main streams are shown. Numerous
sea depths are given in feet.
The marginal data include a linear scale in cables and a 1:200,000 locatio]
inset.
Distribution copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(102) Map of Ranan, c. 1:12,000, Map 12 in Survey of Korea, U.S. War Depart-
ment, 1944. (text in Japanese and English).
This map originally appeared in a Japanese publication. Selected portions
of the text were translated before it Was enlarged and reproduced photographical
for inclusion in the War Department report Survey of Korea. It appears to be thi
best available plan for this once important Japanese military center.
Over a large part of the urban
buildings and installations. In the
are depicted with shading. A number
area, precise outlines are shown for
older section of the town, built-up distric.
of important buildings are identified.
Roads, railroads, and city streets are shown in some detail. Relief in th
area around the town is indicated with hachures and spot heights in meters.
Some of the information presented is not entirely clear on the available
black and white reproductions. This is particularly true where roads, railroads
and rivers cross or parallel one another. At a few points, the Japanese text
also detracts from the clarity.
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Reference copies and a limited number of distribution copies (photo repro-
ductions) are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(103) Sketch Plan of I-ri (P1-ri), 1:13,000, 1945, Interim Research and Intelligence
Service, Department of State (CIA 3629).
This appears to be the only readily available plan showing the town. It was
prepared by copying selected data from a 1917 topographical 'sheet covering the
area.
The portrayal of the town is highly generalized but a few buildings such as;
district offices, schools, post offices, and railroad stations are identified.
The built-up area is shown with di:Irk shading.
Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are located but the representation
of city streets is sketchy and incomplete.
Relief is not depicted and only a few main streams are shown.
Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(104) Kyomip'o, 1:12,500, Feb. 1946, Army Map Service (ANS L951, 1st Ed., ANS 1)
This is the best available plan covering KyOmip'o. It is in effect a
detailed topographical map presenting a complete assortment of physical and cultural
information pertaining to the town.
The map was compiled from 1:10,000 Japanese maps, U.S. air photographs,
hydrographic charts, and intelligence reports.
Prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their precise
outlines are shown. Built-up areas are indicated with shading and bombed areas
are specially marked.
Primary roads and trails, are identified and railroads (418i" gauge single
track, 104" gauge double track, narrow gauge single track, narrow gauge double
track) are shown.
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The map provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted
below:
factories water-supply facilities
dock facilities schools
bridges hospitals
military installations markets
cemeteries high-tension power lines
Relief is depicted with contours at 5 meter intervals. Dikes and embank-
ments are hachured.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
reservoirs, sand bars, mud flats, and irrigation ditches are shown. Depths in
the main river channel are given in fathoms.
Woodland, grassland, and rice growing areas are identified.
The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meter*, and yards), a brief
glossary, an index to boundaries, and a diagram indicating the sources used in
compiling particular sections of the map.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service. A
limited number of copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(105) Chinhae (Chinkai), 1:12,500, Jan. 1945, Army Map Service.
This appears to be the best available plan covering Chinhae. It is in effect
a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and
cultural information pertaining to the town and a large part of the surrounding
area.
The map was compiled largely from Japanese maps and hydrographic charts. It
is not quite as reliable as similar ANIS plans (covering other Korean cities) based
partially on air photographs.
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Primary roads, other roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads (4'4"
gauge, single track) are also shown.
The map provides information on the miscellaneous cultural features noted
below:
oil storage facilities bridges
military installations hospitals
salt pans banks
police stations schools
city offices power stations
dock facilities high tension power lines
City precincts are identified with numbers keyed to a legend giving Japanese
and Korean forms for precinct names.
Relief is depicted with form lines and by spot heights in meters. Dikes and
embankments are hachured.
Hydrography is quite fully represented. In addition to the main streams;
reservoirs, canals, mud flats, and ditches are shown. Sea depths are given in
fathoms.
Woodlands and rice growing areas are identified.
The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief
glossary, and a diagram indicating the sources used compiling particular sections
of the map.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
Limited quantities are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(106) Sketch Plan of ChOngju (Seishu), 1:15,5o0, 1945, Interim Research and Intel-
ligence Service, Department of State, (CIA 3634).
This appears to be the only readily available plan showing ChOingju. It was
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prepared by copying selected data from a 1918 topographical sheet of the area.
The portrayal of the town is highly generalized but a few buildings, such as
hospitals, churches, schools, warehouses, pot offices, police stations and town
offices, are identified. The built-up area is shown with dark shading.
Railroads (approximate alignment), main roads, and a few bridges are
located but the representation of city streets is probably incomplete.
Relief is not depicted and only a few main streams are shown.
Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(107) Sketch Plan of P'ohang-dong (Hok(3-5), 1:13,000, 1945, Interim Research and
Intelligence Service, Department of State, (CIA 3631)'.
This appears to be the only readily available plan showing Plohang-dong. No
information is available regarding the sources used in its compilation.
The portrayal of the town is highly generalized but a few buildings such as,
police stations, customs houses, warehouses, schools, rice mills, post offices,
and hospitals are identified. The built-up area is shown with dark shading.
Railroads, main roads, and a few bridges are located but the representation
of city streets is probably incomplete.
Relief is not depicted and only a few main streams are shown.
Distribution copies of this map are available in the Map Branch, CIA.
(108) Musan (Mosan), 1:25,000, May 1945, Army Map Service.
This appears to be the best available plan covering Musan. It is in effect
a fairly detailed topographical map presenting an assortment of physical and
cultural information pertaining to this small mining town and a large part of the
surrounding area.
The plan was compiled largely from Japanese maps. It is not as reliable as
similar ANS plans (covering other Korean cities) based in part on air photographs.
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A few prominent buildings are identified by name or function and their out-
lines are shown. Built-up areas are indicated with shading.
Primary roads, secondary roads, and trails, are identified. Railroads
(4'4" gauge, single track) are also shown.
The map provides information on the features noted below:
iron ore deposits freight yards
government buildings railroad stations
police stations hospitals
post offices
Relief is depicted with contours at 20 meter intervals and numerous spot
heights in meters are given. Dikes and embankments are hachured and steep slopes
are specially marked. Hydrography is quite fully represented. Woodlands and
grasslands are identified.
The marginal data include linear scales (miles, meters, and yards), a brief
glossary, and data on compilation sources.
Copies are available in quantity at the Map Library, Army Map Service.
(109) /Translatea7A Study of Korean Dialects, Vol. II by the late OKURA, Shimpei;
Twanami Shuten, 1944 (Japanese text).
This valuable work presents an exceptionally complete analysis of Korean
dialects and localized pronunciations.
Volume II, the only volume available for this examination, includes ten
detailed linguistic maps scaled at 1:4,000,000. These briefly described below:
No. 1 Indicates localities where dialect studies were
Nos: 2-9 Use distinctive symbols to indicate
are pronounced in different areas.
information is remanized.
No. 10 Locates precise boundaries for areas
are spoken.
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made.
how certain basic words
Part of the pronunciation
where six main dialects
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All of the maps show province and kin boundaries. The linguistic data can
be interpreted with very little translating.
A reference copy of this work is available in the Foreign Documents Branch,
CIA (call number 194647)
819.9).
Usable black and white copies can be made.
(110) Highways of Korea, Jan. 1945, Strategic Intelligence Branch, Military Intel-
ligence Division Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army (S.E.S. 154).
This is a useful summary providing detailed data on the main highways of
Korea.
Although it is based on information assembled during the war it still pre-
sents a fairly reliable picture of the main facts regarding Korea's roads.
An outstanding feature of this study is a clear outline map (Highways of
Korea, 1:1,500,000, Plate I) on which the main highways are identified with
numbers keyed to various tables presenting data on road width, surface conditions,
construction materials, traffic capacity, bridges, etc.
The bridge data are particularly detailed; photographs of several important
bridges are included. The work also presents a few sketchy city plans on which
bridge locations are emphasized.
The text provides background information which can be very helpful in
interpreting road data appearing on maps.
Distribution copies of this study are available through the office of the
Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army. Reference copies are available in Reference,
Department of State.
(111) Communications Map (Chosen), 1:1,200,000, August 1, 1933, Communications
Bureau, Government-General of Chosen (Japanese text).
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This map presents very complete and detailed data on Korea's.postal and
telecommunications system as organized and operated under the /Japanese./ Government-
General of Chosen. It appears to be the best available map of its type.
A great variety of symbols are used to identify the various classes of' post and
telegraph offices, administrative centers, telephone offices, routes for carrying mail
(distance between stations given), mail relay points and mail exchange points.
Province boundaries and main streams are located. Insets show air-mail routes
and the layout of the postal and telecommunications systems in KyOngsOng and Pusan.
More recent maps of similar scope may become available in the near future.
Reference copies are available in the Map Branch, CIA and in the Map Library,
Army Map Service.
(112) firanslated7 Japanese Soil Map of Korea, 1:500,000, 1910, (Japanese text).
This appears to be the basic soil map of Korea.
The distribution of soil types is indicated with colors and shading keyed.
to an analytical legend where the 68 variations of shade and color are logically
grouped and identified.
A lafge part of' Korea had not been accurately surveyed at the time this map
was prepared and, although the distribution pattern for main soil types is probably
correct, the location of numerous features in relation to geographic coordinates is
not very reliable. This is particularly true of' northern Korea.
The map has an advantage over other soil maps in that it presents soil
data in relation to a fairly complete portrayal of relief (shown with form lines)
and important cultural features such as cities, towns, province boundaries, roads,
railroads, and mines.
A reference copy is available in the Map Library, Army Map Service.
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No usable black and white copies can be made.
(113) /Korea], 1:50,000, Land Survey Bureau, Government-General of Chosen
(Japanese text).
This is the basic topographic map covering Korean and nearby islands. It
has been prepared on the polyhedral projection used for nearly all large scale
topographic maps of the former Japanese Empire. If available information is
correct, all of Korea is covered by 723 fully contoured sheets.
Prior to the war, sketchy, shaded relief sheets (portraying strategic
coastal areas) were distributed to the public in place of the fully contoured
sheets which the Japanese regarded as secret military documents. This, together
with the fact that strategic area coverage was rarely shown on Japanese index
maps, conveyed the erroneous impression that the entire country was not covered
by contoured sheets.
U.S. map procurement activities in Korea clearly suggest that the entire
country was mapped at this scale even though there may be a few small area for
which contoured 1:50,000 sheets are not currently available in the United States.
Three sheets of this series offer complete coverage for the short boundary
between Korea and the USSR. Approximately 50 sheets provide nearly complete
coverage for the Yalu and Tumen rivers which, with their tributaries, form the
greater part of the boundary between Korea and Manchuria. On these border sheets,
the Manchurian river bank is shown but the topography of the area on the Man-
churian side is generally incomplete. However, this set still provides the
largest scale and most reliable coverage available for major sections of these
important boundary rivers.
The surveys on which this set is based were conducted during the first World
War. Most of the sheets were originally published in the 1920's and there are
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indications that subsequent revision and correction has not been extensive. More
complete information on survey and revision dates will become available when recent
Army Map Service acquisitions are more completely appraised.
The sheets, covering 15' of longitude and 10' of latitude, are printed in
two colors (water in blue, all other data in black). Contours appear at 20 meter
intervals and every fifth contour is accentuated. On most sheets, elevations of
contours (expressed in Arabic numerals) appear at points where the contour lines
meet the edges of the sheet. Spot heights are given in meters.
A great variety of symbols is used to identify various physical and cultural
features. The scope of the information presented is best indicated by an outline
of the legend. There is some variation from sheet to sheet but most of the
features listed in the following outline are identified by symbol on all contoured
sheets covering areas where they occur.
(a) Physical Features and Survey Data
Terrain
cliff
rock outcropping
scattered rock
depression
ravine, gully
crumbling bank
erosion
Vegetation and Land Use
orchard cultivated marsh
tea irrigated rice field
mulberry dry rice field
scrub pine reeds
wild land conifers
bamboo broad-leaf trees
grove garden
marsh salt pans
land use
boundaries
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Hydrography
height of river bank
depth of water
stone sheathing
concrete sheathing
direction of flow
navigable for boats
waterfalls
ditches
Soil Types
mud
sand
gravel
Heights and Survey Points
triangulation point
secondary control point
bench mark
spot elevation
(b) Communications
Railroads
main railways
light railways
special railways
double track
station
single track
Roads
first class roads:
4 meters or over
2 meters or over
less than 2 meters
second class roads
other principal roads
tunnel
?
connecting roads
unclassified roads
trail
impassable for carts
tree-lined road
cut
fill
Telecommunication and Post Offices
post office
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-160-
post office without
telegraph service
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postal station
telegraph office
Navigation
lighthouse
.radio mast
warning signal
port of call
ship anchorage
River Crossings
wooden bridge
foot bridge
concrete bridge
direction of flow
foot ford .
(c) Buildings and Installations
Military Installations
military reservation
naval reservation
division headquarters
army barracks
naval camp
material dump
powder magazine
navy lookout tower
Public Buildings
Japanese government office
provincial seat
county seat, city office
township office
bureau of public safety
school
hospital
gendarmerie post
meteorological station
?
-161-
postal station without
telegraph service
telephone office
anchorage
commercial port
fixed beacon
fixed beacon (lightless)
buoy (lightless)
passenger and horse
ferry (2 boats)
passenger ferry
(single boat)
police station
court of appeals
prison
customs house
tax office
govt. monopoly
bureau office or
factory
office of maritime
affairs
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Industrial and Commercial Installations
shipyard
factory
bank
water wheel or mill
generating plant
market
slaughter house
Religious Edifices
ancestral shrine
pagoda
church
shrine
temple
(d) Political
Boundaries
international
provincial
kun, pu, (gun, fu)
myon, up (men, yu)
government lands
boundary markers
(e) Other Features
Landmarks
castle site tower
stone lantern windmill
monument crane
statue isolated trees
signpost chimney
Barriers
Gates
RESTRIC1LD
masonry wall
stone wall
earthen wall
hedge
fences
gate
gate with roof
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castle gate
Korean gate
shrine gate
Miscellaneous
power lines
stumps
springs
mineral springs
graves
tombs
mines
stone steps
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Although they present a wealth of useful information, the symbols used to
identify the features noted in the foregoing outline are often crowded on the map
in such a way that they are difficult to identify with certainty. Conventional
signs representing inconsequential features sometimes detract from the clarity of
place names, contours, and transportation informatiop. Where settled areas are
portrayed, it is not unusual to find several ideographs and from ten to fifteen
different symbols in one square inch of map surface.
In addition to the previously outlined legend the marginal data include
survey and publication dates, an index to adjoining sheets, a relief diagram,
identification of the set, and linear scales
in kilometers and ri. Coordinates
(arabic numerals) are given in the four corners of each sheet.
The cultural data presented on most of the available 1:50,000 sheets
represents towns, cities, and transportation features as they existed fifteen to
thirty years ago. Relatively recent changes in urban areas caused by population
growth, industrial development, and changes in the transportation pattern, are not
recorded.
In spite of the outdated cultural information and in spite of the fact that
extensive use of symbols occasionally detracts from the map's legibility) this set
is still the most important map covering Korea. The sheets are only slightly less
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accurate than the 1:50,000 sheets covering Japan proper. Until a new mapping
program is undertaken, this series will continue to be a basic map from which
nearly all other maps of Korea will derive some of their information.
The series is being reproduced (with a translation and other data added)
by the U.S. Army Map Service - AMS L751, map (114) in this report. The index
accompanying map (114) shows the sheet layout for both the original Japanese sheets
and the APB reproductions.
Distribution copies (photo reproductions) are obtainable through the Map
Library, Army Map Service.
Reference copies of nearly all original sheets are available in the Map
Library, Army Map Service.
?
(114) Korea, 1:50,000, 1945-46, U.S. Army Map Service, ANS L751, type A CAME 1).
This is the Army Map Service reproduction of the 1:50,000 set just
described -- map (113) in this report.
At present the available sheets provide nearly complete coverage for Korea
south of 38? 30' N. latitude and the Army Map Service has active plans for extend-
ing the coverage into northern Korea. Sheets covering coastal areas will probably
be published first and at least part of the series will eventually be prepared in
color.
Availability of the sheets, romanized names, and other factors suggest
that this is the best large scale terrain map for Americans to use.
The original Japanese sheets have been reproduced (photo offset) in black
and white with romanized names (both Japanese and Korean forms) overprinted in
purple. A polyconic grid has been superimposed and the Japanese legend has been
translated. Isogonic information, an index to boundaries, a meter to feet
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43'
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124'
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126'
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128'
129'
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INDEX MAP
of
KOREA 1:50,000
A.M.S. L751
Published by
ARMY MAP SERVICE
MAPS IN STOCK
MAPS NOT IN STOCK
125*
126* 127' 1213*
CORRECT TO JUNE 1946
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ARMY MAP SERVICE.U. S ARMY. WASHINGTON. D. C.. 150773
9-46
33*
4'
3*
In
Ul
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KOREA 1:50,000
A.M.S. JM
SHEET NUMBER SHEET NAME KEY NUMBER SHEET NUMBER SHEET NAME
KEY NUMBER SHEET NUMBER SHEET NAME
KEY NUMBER SHEET NUMBER SHEET NAME
KEY NUMBER SHEET NUMBER SHEET NAME KEY NUMBER
60331 YoNcAmPo RyueAmPo 1426 97
6033 ii suuN 00 suluN TO 1426 98
60331 SIN 00 SHIN TO 1426 99
60331v yoNGmUNGANG GsimONKO 142700
60341 SOHO DONS SEIKO DO 142701
6034E1 SINUIJU SHINGISHU 142702
61271 NAHAR To mAK0 To 144231
612711 sOcHoNG DO 144232
61271IITAscHoNG DO TAssi TO 144233
6127 IV PENGNYON0 DO 1-IAKURE1 TO 144234
61281 MON0GUmR0 mUKINHO 142703
6128,1 TOK TONG TOKU DO 142704
6128111cHANGsAN GOT cHozAN RAN 142705
62161 50JUNOCWAN KUNO() SHO cHuK142723
6216111s0HuKsAN 00 SHO KOKuzAN T142724
621711 HATAE DO KATAE00 KATAI 70142726
6 2 1 8ii TAEHuKsAN DO CAI KOKuZAN 1427 27
621011imAs0A 00 BAIKA TO 142728
62271 CHANGNYON NI 144235
622711 YoNGHocio RI 144236
622711 ICHANGIN 00 144237
62271v oNGJIN HANG OSHIN KO 144238
62201 KONGSE RI KOZE1 RI 142729
622011 TAETAN TA1NAN 142730
622811INAmHo RI NANKO RI 142731
62281v CHANGYON CHOEN 142732
63161 MOCHA KUNDO KYOJI GuNT0 142761
631611 PvompuNG 00 evoeu TO 142762
63171 UI DO 14 4 2 39
631711 NAERIP TO NAIHEI To 142763
63181 PUNGYE RI BUNKS! Rt 144240
631811 R1GUM DO HIKIN TO 144241
63191 TAESICHI 00 DA, HicHI TO 142764
631911 PUNAm KUNIDO FUNAN GUNTO 142765
63221 HWANG DO 0 TO 142766
632211 OCHONG DO 05E1 TO 142767
63241 KADOK TO KATOKU TO 142768
63251 KUR0P TO KUTSuGY0 TO 142769
6325,1 PAEGA DO HAKUGA TO 142770
63261 u oo Gu To 142771
63261v TAEY0NRYONG 00 TAI ENHEI 142772
63271 CHONGDAN SEITAN 144242
6327 1 1 y0 NomAE 00 144243
6327111RURO RI FUHO RI 144244
6327 IV KANGNYONG NI KOREI RI 144245
6328' CHONGSOKTU RI sEISEKITO 142773
632811 SINJuMAK sHINSHUSAKU 142774
6328111HAEJU KA1SHU 142775
6320 IV 5INWON NI sHININ RI 142776
64151 -CHUJA KUNO() SHuSH1 GuNTO 142809
64161 ORYONG 00 GYORYO TO 142810
641611 HosNGGAN 00 OMAN TO 142811
6416iv HAJO DO MACHO TO 142812
64171 USUYoNG USUIEI 142813
6417ii cHINDO CHINTO 142814
6417111 INJI RI JINCHI RI 142815
64171v MAUI DO KAI TO 144246
64181 MUAN MUAN 142816
641811 140K150 MORPO 142817
6410111KtJEAA 00 RISA TO 144247
64181v CHAUN DO JION TO 142018
64191 POcHoN NI HOSEN RI 142819
641911 MANGUN BOUN 142820
641911 CMI 00 CHI TO 142821
6419Iv SONG, DO SHOJI TO 142822
64201 WI 00 i TO 142823
642011 PORSONGPO HOSE HO 142824
6420111AmmA op AMBA TO 142825
64201V HAwANGDUNG 00 KA OTO TO 142826
64211 MAL TO MATSU TO 142827
642111 CHANGJA 00 SOSHI TO 142820
6421Iv SIB1DONGPA DO JUNITOHAT0142529
64221Ho DO KO TO 142830
642211 YON DO EN To 142831
64221V
64231
6423 I
6423111 3 I
6 4 2 3iv
64241
6424 I
64.24 I
64241v
64251
642511
6 4251
6 425 IV
64261
6 4 2 6ri
64261V
64271
6 427 I
6427111
6 427 IV
64281
6428 1
6428
6428IV
65161
6 5161
651611
6516
65171
651711
6517111
6 517
65181
6516
65181
6 5101V
65191
651911
6 519
6 519
65201
6 520
652011
65201
65211
552111
6521111
6 521
65221
6522
6522111
65221V
6523
6523
6 523
6523
6524
6524
6524
6524
6525
6 525
6525
6525
6526
6526
6 526
6 526
8527
6527
6527
6527
6528
6120
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ANMYoN DO AMM IN TO
I CHUNGJANG NI
I I NAEPASu 00 NAI HASUI TO
MOA 00 KYOJI TO
SAN JON NI SANZEN RI
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YONGHUNG DO REIKO TO
RUNG DO HO TO
I I SONGAP TO SENKO TO
TOKCHOK TO TOKUSEKI TO
ONSU RI ONSUI RI
YONGYU DO RYLIYIJ TO
CHUMuN DO CHUBuN TO
PAERcHoN HAKuSEN
1 KANGHWA KOKA
MUF1ANG NI DUKAKU RI
YONAN ENAN?
NANA? RI KAMPO RI
I SONG HYON Ni SHOKEN RI
111 ON -10 NG NI ONSEI RI
KIRIN NI KIRIN RI
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KANO JIN KOsHiN
MARYANG NI BARY0 RI
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V C HU L RO RI SATSUHO RI
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KumJs RINTEI
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1 I HAMNYOL_ LI KANETSU RI
SOcHoN JOsEN
NAMPO RAM PO
TAEHUNG TAIKO
I CHONGYANG Salvo
II TAECHON NI TAI SEN RI
V HO NG SONG K 0 0
ASAN GAZAN
1 YE SAN REIS AN
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NAmyANG NANYO
1 PARAN-JANG HATSUAN-10
II cH AN GG CHANG NI CHOKOKO
v TAEBU DO TAIFU TO
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1 KuNPoJANG GUMPOJO
II INCHON ._41NSEN
V KUMPo KIMPO
MLINSAN NI OUNZAN RI
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It TONGJIN TSUSHIN
V KAESoNG 1