WEEKLY SUMMARY NUMBER 128

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Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8
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RIFPUB
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T
Document Page Count: 
20
Document Creation Date: 
December 27, 2016
Document Release Date: 
April 12, 2013
Sequence Number: 
1
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Publication Date: 
November 10, 1950
Content Type: 
REPORT
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 _ ~~Q_ 48003 WEEKLY SUMMARY Numbe~~L Document Ido. 1 0 rvov 195th; CI'A:';:~ i, class. ^ i DECI,P.SSIP'IED Vxi`1ss. C9ANGsD T0: TS S '.~C DDA ISemo, 4 Apr 77 Auth: DDA I2%G. 77/1763 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 1. This publication contains current intelligence exclusively. and therefore has not been coordinated with the intelli- gence organizations of the departments of State, Army, Navy, and Air Force. + - 2. This copy may be either retained, or destroyed by burning in accordance with applicable secul?ity regulations, or returned to the Central Intelligence Agency. - WARNING This document contains information affecting the na- tional defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Act, 50 U.S.C? 31 and 32, as amended. Its transmission or. the revelation of its contents in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by ]aw. ~1 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 0 0 Fg Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 ~I Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 'With the fighting in Korea at a temporary lull following the commitment of Chinese Communist troops,' speculation this week centered on. how the United Nations would deal with the new turn of events. Tt appeared likely that initially the UN would adopt a"cautious approach'in the hope of avoiding becom= ing involved in a full-scale war with China (see page 3). Mean- while, the limited nature of their participation in the fighting may indicate that the Chinese Communists merely iuterid?.to- hait.the advance of UN forces fn Korea and to keep a Com- munist regime on Korean soil, and hope to achieve some kind :of political solution (see page 2). The European NAT countries are .making a slow start in getting their arms production programs under way (see page 5), partly because they still do not view the need for rearmament with'the same sense of urgency as the USA In- dications are growing, however, that the Pleven Plan will not prevent an early solution of the current deadlock between .France and the other NATO powers on the use "of German manpower (see page 14). In other cx?i.ti.cal areas of the world, indications of developments affecting US security include: (1) the possibility of local Viet Minh attacks against the newly established French defense lines (see page 10); (2) probable moves by India to wrest the initiative from the UN on the Kashmir issue (see page 11); and (3) the growing probability that the "liberation" ~ " Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 Chinese Intentions Although the Chinese Communists, in intervening in Korea, have accepted a grave risk of US-UN retaliation and general war, the limited extent of their intervention to date may indicate that their objective is merely to halt the advance of UN forces in Korea and to keep a Communist regime in being on Korean soil. In so doing, the Chinese Communists would: (I) avert the psychological and political consequences of a disastrous outcome of the Korean venture; (2). keep UN forces away from the actual frontiers of China and the USSR; (3) re- tain an-area in Korea as a base of Communist military and guerrilla operations; (4) prolong indefinitely the containment ' of UN, especially US, forces in Korea; (5) control the dis- tribution of hydroelectric power generated, in North Korea and retain other economic benefits; and (6) create the pos- ,.. sibility of a .favorable political solution in Korea, The Chinese Communists, however, still retain full freedom of action. If successful in desf;roying the effective strength. of UN forces'in North Korea, they would pursue their advantage as far- as possible. In any case, they would probably ignore an ultimatum requiring their withdrawal, and, if Chinese territory were to be attackedD they would probably enter Korea in full force. With forces available in Manchuria, the Chinese Communists are capable of committing more troops in an attempt.to prevent a UN victory in northern Korea. A possible development of the present situation, therefor. e, is that the opposing sides will build up their combat power in successive increments to checkmate the other until forces of major magni- tude are involved. At any point in this development, the danger is present that the situation may get out of control and lead to a general war. Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 UN Action Chinese Communist intervention in Korea could confront the UN with a critical test of i$s effectiveness as an instrument for resis$ing aggress Sion which would have long-range implications for the future power and prestige of 'the UN.' 'It is still too early to predict the final ou$come of the UN's handling of the issue. In the initial stages,'as long as'Chinese Communist activity is apparently restric*_ed to holding a defensive line along the Manchurian border, the UN is likely to proceed with utmost caution, largely through fear of provoking the Chinese Com- munists to further aggression. Every effort will be made to localize Chinese military action by such conciliatory gestures as assurances that the UN has no intention of crossing the Manchurian border and that Chinese interests in the Yalu hydroelectric plar~trs will be protected. It is also likely that a political solution will be sought. The real test will come if such a solution fails and if Chinese Communist military actions indicate an intent to drive UN forces out of northern Korea.. The UN would then have to face squarely the question of whether to risk involving itself in a full-scale war with China by sanctioning UN military action against bases and supply faci- . lines in China, At present, it appears that there would be strong deterrents against prompt and vigorous UN military action against 'Communist China. They include: (1) the fear that such action would precipitate general war; and (2) the concern ref the NATO powers tha$ European defenses would be left daatgerously weak if the US and i$s allies were drawn into an exhaustive campaign. in Asia, Political Bickering Since the return of the Republican Govern- ment to Seoul, the long-?standing conflict between the National Assembly and President Rhee has been renewed and there is little prospect of an early resolution of the struggle for power between the legislative and executive fi Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 O branches of 'the ROK Government. The struggle came to ahead last week when the Assembly refused to approve the nomination of George Paek to the long-vacant post of Prime Minister. It also appeared likely at that time that the Assembly would demand the resignation of'the entire Rhee Cabinet; under the impetus of the reversal in the military situation, however, the Assembly has apparently decided to postpone such a step. Nevertheless, the presence in. the Assembly of large numbers of "independents," even though they are not yet fully coalesced into organized factions, makes it certain that President Rhee will be faced with strong Assembly criticism it he exercises broad ex- ecutive powers without regard for AsseYrnbly wishes. A Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 TOP SECRET WESTERN DEFENSE Rearmament Delays Aside from the. yet unresolved key question of German participation ? in the Western defense effort, numerous other factors are responsible for the'slow start being made by the European NAT countries in getting their arms production programs under way: On.e delaying factor is the continued' failure of the NATO'to reach. firm decisions on the forces to be con- iributed by the member nations, the types of weapons needed, the degree of standaR~dization to be achieved, and the allocation of the financial burderos. Mor'e' basically, however; most European-countries do not view the need for rearmament with the same sense of urgency as the US and are still more pre= occup~.ed with recovery problems. Thep have thus been dilatory in getting arms production started and in submitting specific requests for US ai.d and have shown a reluctance to push forward with rearmament until they know how much US' aid they wili're- .~ ceive: A fumther obstacle to a rapid increase in aa?ms production is? the continuing tendency'of most nations to produce only for their. own needs and to show little interest (except for Italy) fn producing for transfer under the concept of mutual aid. British Position The difficulties already being faced by the British illustrate the economic repercussions of the proposed European rearmament production programs. Growing domestic needs foz~ steel, partly arising from actual artd prospective rearmament orders; have already forced cuts in exports of some steel products and caused some interruptions in industrial productfon. US orders have had to be turned down and the danger exists that the UK may have to cutback pro- duction in the automobile industry, one of the UK's major ex= porters. Current shortages in other raw materials will complicate the problem of dividing indust~?i.al production among export, home needs, and rearmament as the tempo of armament production increases. I~ Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 Q UK European Policy With the questions of European inter- gration and rearmament currently closely associated, it appears that the British Government will adopt a more flexible attitude toward European unity. Although the British will rema~ua basically opposed to closer polikical and economic union with the European nations,.they are not likely to oppose the efforts of the continental countries to achieve greater unity among themselves on a purely con- . tinental basis. CFM on Germany Meanwhile, the Soviet proposal for a Foreign Ministers' Conference to dis-? cuss the Gea?man problem, while reflecting serious Soviet apprehension over the rearmament of Western Germany, is, not likely to have any significant effect at this time on Western .European progress toward rearmament: The proposal is ap- parently merely another step in the Kremlin's diplomatic and propaganda effort to obstruct a West German military con- . tribution to Western defense and does not indicate Soviet will= ingness to meet even minimum Western conditions for German unity. The proposal has had little effect in raisfrng German hopes of obtaining unity by peaceful means, of in strengthening French or West German fear of provoking Soviet military action by proceeding with plans to rearm West Germany. Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 Pr Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 As the Western Powers continue to discuss the problem of formulating effective controls on the export of strategic commodities'to the Sovfet~drbit, it remains apparent that trade between the East and West is still considerable and that the Soviet orbit is- still interested in' obtaining st~rateg4.c materials from the West. There are indications, however, that the UK and Sweden, which are the USSR's largest Western trading partners, are taking steps toward curia.ilment of the flow of strategic commodi- ties to the East. British-Soviet Trade During the first seven months of 1950, Eastern European imports from the UK declined isn comparison with 1949 while Soviet exports to the UK rose sharply. Principal Soviet exports were grain and timber vitally needed by the UK. British exports consisted mainly of machinery of all types, and machine tools, mostly in fulfillment of orders.placed from one to three years ago. The export balance of trade in favor. of Eastern Europe continues to provide the Orbit with an important source of sterling for the purchase of strategic raw materials elsewhere in the sterling area. Although the UK is planning a further tightening of controls on the export . of special indust^ial equipment and machine tools, its demand for non-dollar timber and grain will probably continue to pro- vide the USSR with substantial sterling exchange. Swedish Position The proportion of strategic commodities in Sweden's exports to Eastern Europe remains high; nevea?theless, the Swedish Government is showing some ~incl.inati.on toward imposing tighter controls t" Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 over these exports: The Swedes have given oral but fixm assurance that no I-A or ImB items imported by Sweden from the US will be rPa~expostsd'to Eastern~Europe (this assurance does not extend tore-exports from other countries). They have also expressed a willingness to cooperate informally with the'Consultative Group in Paris on the control of strategic exports'to the USSR, although Sweden's present interpretation of neutrality does not pex.?mit formal participation in the group's work.' These actions indicate Swedish desire not`o;~ly to main- tain and extend participation in the cooperative economic activities of Western Europe despite military and political " neutrality but to avoid endangering their relations with the' US and UK and thus possibly lessening their chances of obtaining .critically short materia.l.s. .Soviet-Iranian Trade The Soviet Union's recently demon- strated willingness to sig:rc a trade . pact with Lran which. apparently contained no significant Iranian concessions may in part ~?eflect a need for the wool, cotton, leather, and other producta^ Iran is to provide. The USSR's action, however, undoubtedly also represents a belief that its policy of conciliation toward Iran (of which the trade pact is? the most notable achievement) will cause considerably more Iranians to favor a more :friendly attitude toward the USSR and that the pant specifically will tend to counterbalance the r. ecently announced Expart Import Bank and Poirnt'IV pr. ograms. From the Iranian point of view, the agreement (involving about $20 million worth of goods each way) should not only provide the economy of the nortriern provinces with considerable benefits but also confer increased strength and prestige on the Ra2mara Government, ~i Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 ~I Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 Geneva Grain Conference Judging from the Soviet posi- tion during the recei-tly con- cluded British~oviet trade negotiations, there is little likelihood of East-West agreement at the forthcoming grain trade conference at Geneva. At this conference, the USSR will probably make the same demands it made of 'the British, namely higher prices for Soviet wheat than currentlq set by the International.Wheat Agreement and guarantees that proceeds from the sale of Soviet grain can. be used'for the purchase of specific commodities such as rubber, wool, and other strategic items. The USSR will attempt to embarrass the Western Powers by pointing out that their refusal to grant these demands is incompatible with their former statements regarding the need for greater reciprocal trade. Argentine Exports Meanwhile, Argentine exports of in- soluble quebracho extract (a tanning agent) to Eastern Europe are steadily increasing. During the past few months, orders from Flong gong reportedly totalled 2b,500 metric tons, as compared with average annual shipments informer years of less than 1,500 metric tons. Moreover, Argentine exports of this strategic commodity to Eastern Europe during the first six months of 1950 have increased 85 percent over the first half of 1949. ~i Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 TOP SECRET Indochina Military Tn the near future the French face probable Viet Minh moves against their newly established defense lines covering Hanoi and its communications with the sea: The French estimate that the' most likely opening of the next phase of the campaign will be an attack on Viet Trig 30 miles northwest of Hanoi, the point of convergence between the line covering Hanoi from the. north and that covering Hanoi from the west and southwest. It is believed that Vfet Minh forces have by now had time to re- place recent losses and regroup and, while far from ready to mount a major offensive, are able to renew local attacks. Meanwhile, General Juizi, who has returned from hfs ? mission to Indochina, has recommended that the French attempt to hold existing positions, strengthen th.e morale of French troops, and prepare for a counteroffensive in the spring aimed at retaking the frontier post's recently abandoned to the Viet Minh. He estimates that an additional 50,000 troops and considerable new equipment, especially aircraft and artillery, would be needed. In order to carry out these immediate objectives and to strengthen the long-term French position in Indochina, Juin further recommends that French forces in Indochina. be concen- trated for defense of the frontier and that a Vietnamese national army of 150,000 be built up as rapidly as possible to take over the internal security of Vietnam. This army would presumably incorporate most of the Vietnamese now serving with the French, who number'somewhat over 150,000. Such a division of functions between French and Vietnamese forces would represent an im- portant concession to Vietnamese nationalism, a fresh approach to the unsolved problem of eliminating guerrilla activity behind. the French lines, and a partial solution to the acute shortage of French troops. C Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 ' Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 TOP SECRET O Q ~~ 0 a Tibet Invasion Persistent reports of confusion and in= decision in Lhasa, which apparently have handicapped Tibetan defense efforts against the advance of Chinese Communist forces toward Lhasa, indicate that Tibet will probably soon capitulate to Chinese Communist demands, acknowledging the sovereignty of Peiping on terms'laid down by Peiping: The strength and position of Chinese Communist forces marching on Tibet are still uncertain, but Pefping's position is perfectly clear:- it has categorically rejected Indian ihte7rvention on grounds that the means used and the results. a$tafiied i`n Fc~e`aling' with 'Ti"be't~? a~'e a purely rdo4iiesti~c ncotLCern ' of the Chinese Communist Government. In the face of continued military pressure and Peiping's flat rejection of diplomatic in- tervention, the situation in Lhasa is likely to be resolved shortly by the flight of the Dalai Lama together with those followers that are unwilling to accede to Communist demands. It is anticipated that the "liberation" of Tibet will be effected during 1950. Kashmir Problem ~ India is apparently preparing to take the initiative in UN discussions regarding Kashmir by introducing a Security Council resolution calling for informal discussions of the Kashmir issue by India, Pakistan, ?? and other interested parties. Meanwhile, India has strongly en- dorsed a resolution of Sheikh Abdulla's Kashmir National Con- ? . ference condemning the UN's failure to settle the Kashmir problem and calling for the election of a sovereign constituent assembly to settle the future of Kashmir. India apparently hopes that these maneuvers will forestall the creation. of new UN machinery (such ~as the proposed "small power" committee) that might make embarrassingly specific formal proposals regarding the UN plebiscite India has been seeking to avoid. India may also hope to put the US and UK on the defensive; if the U3 and UK should Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 ~. Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 j~ TOP SECRET ,l 1~ ~L i object flatly to the proposed Kashmir elections, Indian (and Soviet) propagandists would very likely accuse them of opposing self-determination, while failure to oppose the elections would draw fire from Pakistan. Present indications are that the UK, which has assumed the leadership in the Kashmir case, 'may react firmly to these Indian maneuvers by suggesting that the SC oppose unilateral Indian action and'. insist on an~overmall plebiscite, or some alternative, whether or not acceptable to India. BulgarianTTurkish Tension Tension between Turkey and Bulgaria has increased with the arrival of the 10 November deadline set by Bulgaria for accept- ance by Turkey of 250,000 immigrants of Turkish origin. Turkey again suspects that Bulgaria will attempt a mass eviction of the remaining immigrants. Turkey, which is consider. i.ng bringing the mati:er before the UN, is likely to do so immed'iatel'y if Bulgaria. attempts to expel the refugees by force and will prob- ably do so in any case if the Bulgarian Government maintains its intransigent attitude. Tf this case should be presented to the UN General Assembly, that body, after investigating the situation, is likely to condemn Bulgaria for violation of human rights. Such? condemnation would not be likely to cause Bulgaria to desist, but it would help i;o mobilize international opinion and would doubtless be accompanied by a GA recommendation that modest but essential economic and technical aid be sent to help Turkey deal with the influx, Greek Instability The incomplete new Venizelos-Papandreou coalition Cabinet, sworn in on 3 November, promises to be even less stable than its ,predecessors and to -present the King with the dilemma of calling a new election or TOP SECRET T, ._ Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 i installing a. gc~verr~ment with extra-parliamentary power. Unless tl~e ~ccreasingly popular Plastiras Tsouderos group QEPFI~~ cai,n be d~~?aw~, back into a coalition with Venizelos and Papand.reou~ no effective government is in sight on the basis of khe preser~.t divaded Parliament. Although the new Cabinet as yet cax~,trols fewer than 100 of the 250 seats in Parliaments it may receive ea~ough temporary support from elements anxious to a.vo~d ar postpone elections in order to win an initial vote of coa~idenc~; on about 16 November. In that case, how- ever, the crisis wa.11 only have been postponed. North. Ai'rnca~m?, Natz.sa~ua.lYSm In North Africa, where the basic political patte~~ are similar to those cif 1:~~,dochina, the issue of nationalism is becoming more acuteo NatAa~a.l~.st participation in the 66transition~y Cabinet of ~'un~sia~ organized a.n August, has not induced the French to make a.nv subst~.ntial concessions or even to indicate that they might do soo Participation was from the first strongly disa.pprcR~r~;d by mast nationalists in Algeria and Morocco; dissatisia.ction. with it appears to be spreading among the Tu~.isian x~atianal~.sts; and the party which agreied to the ex- per:i~mer~t Qthe unrecogr~i.zed Neo-Destour Party) may soon have to choose between withdrawing its representative or becoming discredi.~eda Na.t;~ve ~~~estiveress may also increase in the wake of Fr~er~cY, defea~;s i.ri I~adochina which are being in$erp~?eted by the r~at.~o~~alist~ as the handwriting on the wall for French color~ialismo Native hostility is aggravated by the fact that a la~?ge proportion of French troop losses in Indochina has been from native North African contingents. North. African Communists are gaining a tactical advantage because their reactions and interests c~aincide in this case with those of the nationalists, who view the Indochinese issue entirely as one of indeper~.d.~nce from France, and not as one of containing ?13? Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 r ~Q ~~ Communism. The possibility of public disorders as a result of native discontent is the more serious since the need for reinforcements in Indochina may reduce troop strength in North Africa below the minimum necessary for internal security. German Rearmament Indications are growing that French Defense Minister Moch's intransigent stand oh the Pleven Plan'will not prevent an early solution of the current deadlock between France and the other NATO members on the use of German manpower in the proposed European army. For one.t5ing,: the French are not likely to back up MOch's unrealistic insistence on the proposal that German units be smaller than divisions. Moreover, a draft agreement of the Schuman Plan, the basic prerequisite for French consent to the use of German manpower, is likely to be'signed in the next few weeks. Agreement on this issue might permit the French to approve the use of German manpower (although subject to specific guarantees against the creation of instruments which could lead to a revival of German militarism) without having to air the matter In the Assembly once again. The French Government, however, wouuld continue to insist that other provisions of the Pleven Plan be studied by the NATO powers and aye not likely to make major early concessions on these points, because the Assembly itself would be umvilling' at this'. to redefine the French position. IR Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 ~~ Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 1.. .... The President 2,3,4,5:.... Secretary of?State 6,7,8...... Secretary of Defense 9......... Secretary of the Army Y0......... Secretary of the Navy 11......... Secretary of the Air Force 12......... Special Assistant to the President, W.A.Harriman 13;14,15.... > Chairman, National Security Resources Board 16,17....... Executive Secretary to the National Security Council 18......... Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air 19......... Secretary, Joint Chiefs of Staff 20......... Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff 21,22....... Chief of Staff, US Army 23,24,25..... Chief of Naval Operations 26,27,28..... Chief of Staff, US Air Force 29:........ Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, Operations, US Army 30....:.... Deputy Chief of Staff, (Operations), Air Force 31.... ?..... Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Operations) 32......... Director of Plans and Operations, US Air Force 33,34,35...... Special Assistant, intelligence, Department of State 36,37,38,39,40,41, 42,43,44,45,100 Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, .Intelligence, US Army 46,47,48, 49, 50, 51, 52,53,54,55,56, 57,58,59,60. Director of Naval Intelligence 61,62,63,64,65,66, 67,68,69... Director of Intelligence, Headquarters, US Air Force 70......... Director of Intelligence, Atomic Energy Commission 71......... Executive Secretary, Military Liaison Committee, Atomic Energy Commission 72,73,74,75,76,77, ? ?8,79,80,81,82, 83,84,85.... Chief, Acquisition and Distribution Div., OCD, State 86......... Chief. Policy Planning Staff, department of State 87......... USAF Rep. on Joint Strategic Survey Committee 88......... Director, Feder. al Bureau of Investigation 89,90....... Administrator., Economic Cooperations Administration 91......... Deputy Director for Intelligence, Th.e joint Staff 92, ......... Secretary, Joint Intelligence Group, Joint Staff 93......... Deputy Director, Joint Staff 94,95,96..... Director, Armed Forces Security Agency 97......... Ambassador at Large, Philip C. Jessup 98......... Secretary of the Air Force 99......... Assistant. Secretary of the Treasury ~ Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 _~ Auth: Date: D~'.CL?ASSIrIsD TS ~ ass? CHAti~~D T0: e_., as Docwnent No. SJD' NQ C?~;Cg is Cluss? Q P1 Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8 U. S. GOVh:RNMF.NT PRINTING OFFICE Declassified and Approved For Release 2013/04/12 :CIA-RDP78-01617A002400150001-8