THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST FRONTS IN 1958

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R000900340003-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 243
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 20, 1998
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: September 1, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

NOFORN/CONTIN TROL
25X1A2g
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST FRONTS
IN 1958
September 1958
copy N? 1
ET
NOFORN/CONT1IT%Q-CONTROL
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THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST FRONTS
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PREFACE
1
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
3
I.
THE WORLD PEACE COUNCIL (WPC)
25
A.
ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
25
B.
PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
47
C.
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
48
D.
ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
52
II.
AFRO-ASIAN SOLIDARITY COUNCIL
57
A.
ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
57
1. Officially Sponsored or Endorsed
57
2. Indirectly Backed and Related Activity
58
B.
PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
60
C.
ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
61
III. WORLD FEDERATION OF DEMOCRATIC YOUTH
(WFDY) AND INTERNATIONAL UNION OF
STUDENTS (IUS)
A. WFDY AND IUS ACTIVITIES HELD OR
SCHEDULED
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1.
USSR and Bloc
63
2.
Near East, Africa and the Far East
72
3.
Western Europe
4.
Latin America
5.
WFDY-IUS Annual World Wide Celebrations
83
B.
WFDY AND IUS PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
84
C.
WFDY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
87
D.
WFDY ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
94
1.
Reorganization of WFDY Headquarters,
Budapest
94
2.
WFDY Executive Committee Members
3.
Elected by the Fourth WFDY Congress
(August 1957).
WFDY Membership Data
102
4.
WFDY Finances
104
5.
Seventh World Youth Festival Financing
105
E.
IUS PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
107
1.
Indoctrination and Training of Students
107
2.
IUS Financial and Material Assistance
112
3.
IUS Propaganda
114
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F.
IUS ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
117
IV.
WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC
FEDERATION (WIDF)
123
A.
ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
123
1. Activities Sponsored by WIDF
123
2. Activities Sponsored by WIDF Affiliates
125
B.
PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
127
C.
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
128
D.
ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
131
V.
WORLD FEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS (WFTU)
139
A.
ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
139
1. WFTU Activities
139
2. Activities of the Trade Unions Internationals
144
B.
PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
152
C.
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
152
1. Training
152
2. Use of the International Solidarity Fund
156
3. Soviet Trade Union Contacts
157
D.
ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
159
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VI. WORLD FEDERATION OF SCIENTIFIC WORKERS
(WFSW)
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A. ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED / 163
B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES 166
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS 167
D. ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES 168
VII. THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
DEMOCRATIC LAWYERS (IADL) 173
A. ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED 173
B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES 174
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS 175
D. ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES 177
VIII. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF JOURNALISTS
(IOJ) 179
A. ACTIVITIES HELD
B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
D. ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
IX. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RESISTANCE
FIGHTERS (FIR)
A. ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED 185
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B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES 186
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS 186
X. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING ORGANIZATION
(OIR) 187
A. ACTIVITIES HELD
B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
D. ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
XI. THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR
PROMOTION OF TRADE
XII. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIETIES OF FRIENDSHIP
AND CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN
COUNTRIES
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF INTERNATIONAL FRONT
MEETINGS 197
INDEX OF PERSONS Z07
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This paper is intended to delineate the wide scope of
activities of the International Communist fronts* in 1958, and
to describe the organizational changes and developments in
the programs of the fronts which indicate what may be expected
in the future. The study is concerned primarily with the inter-
national fronts, but it should not be forgotten that the activities
of these affect vitally the activities of the national affiliates,
which are in their own right important elements of the national
Communist movement in their respective countries.
Where possible, the material has been organized into four
sections. The first lists activities which have taken place
during 1958 or are scheduled to take place during the remainder
of the year, and in some cases in 1959. The second category,
"Proposed Activities", lists activities of considerable impor-
tance, but which for one reason or another have not been
scheduled as to time or place. The third section discusses
changes and developments in the programs of the fronts, i.e.
in the broader aspects of their policies and activities. The
fourth section, "Organizational Notes", describes significant
changes and policy factors concerning the organization and
personnel of the fronts.
Activities in the first section are in most cases arranged
chronologically, except (for example in the WIDF-IUS Section)
where a geographical or functional breakdown will better
The International Medical Association (formerly the
World Congress of Doctors) is omitted because it has been
almost completely inactive recently. A section is added on
the Union of Soviet Societies of Friendship and Cultural Rela-
tions with Foreign Countries.
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illustrate the range of activities. Many front activities have
a double (or triple) aspect: they may, for example, be spon-
sored by WFDY especially to attract Afro-Asian youth, but
may do so in the interest of the Soviet "peace" campaign run
chiefly by the WPC. Although an attempt has been made to
avoid duplication, it has occasionally been considered
advisable to list the events under more than one category.
The more important meetings and activities are empha-
sized by full capitalization.
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INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
1958 has been a very active year for the international
Communist fronts. It may also prove to have been a critical
turning point in their development and employment by the
Communist movement. The many-faceted unity-of-action
campaigns developed over the past years have, since Novem-
ber 1957, converged and merged in direct support of the
central Soviet political offensive in the "struggle for peace",
as defined in the two manifestos issued in Moscow on the 40th
Anniversary of the October Revolution in November 1957.
This effort by the fronts during 1958 has had three
aspects: support and encouragement of anti-colonialist
national liberation movements; opposition to nuclear weapons
tests, missile bases, and collective defense arrangements
between Free World states, on the premise that they increase
the risk of war; and promotion of the idea that the United
States is aggressive and the primary threat to peace, free-
dom, and international prosperity.
The major international front organizations have worked
more closely with one another than ever before, particularly
in support of the WPC's peace campaign. As of mid-1958
there was abundant evidence that the fronts were evolving two
distinct versions of the peace campaign--one directed in the
main at the countries of Western Europe and the Anglo-Saxon
nations, and another directed at the Afro-Asian and Latin
American regions. Each treats all three of the main issues,
but with a significant difference in emphasis. To the West,
the stress is on describing "preconditions" for peace and the
threat (and consequences) of war; to the Afro-Asian and Latin
American areas emphasis is placed upon defense against
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alleged Western aggression, support for national liberation
movements, national economic development programs, and
peaceful coexistence. In both, the role of the United States
as the main obstacle to peace is energetically developed. To
an ever-increasing extent the Afro-Asian area appears to be
the prime focus of the front campaigns, followed closely by
Latin America. The emergence of the Permanent Secretariat
of the. Afro-Asian Solidarity Council in Cairo and of a coordi-
nating board for the peace movement in Latin America
expresses these priorities organizationally.
The program for the Afro-Asian area has been focussed
around three major campaigns:
(1)
opposition to "economic neo-colonialism", including
the promoting of nationalization of foreign-owned
enterprise, combined action to discourage Afro-
Asian trade links with the West, encouraging oppo-
sition to the European Common Market and the
Eurafrica plan, and urging resistance to new for-
eign capital investment in private enterprise;
(2) support for national liberation of colonies and-
recovery of "alienated" territories such as Goa,
"West Irian" (Netherlands New Guinea), etc.;
(3)
encouragement of that version of Afro--Asian unity
in which the Soviet bloc countries of Asia would be
accepted as full and equal partners, entitled to pref-
erential political, cultural, and economic treatment.
Since May 1958, the first two campaigns have been
steadily integrated into the general peace campaign of the
fronts and the Soviet bloc governments. The international
fronts have, in developing these campaigns, engaged in three
kinds of organized effort toward Afro-Asia:
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(1)
expanding the international role and activities of
their Afro-Asian affiliates and leaders through the
organization of special gatherings, the assignment of
major organizational tasks to them, and the holding
of broad meetings in which maximum Afro-Asian
participation is invited and publicized;
(2) inspiring, supporting, and participating to the
greatest extent possible in joint activities sponsored
by unaffiliated Afro-Asian bodies of similar character;
(3)
publicizing and supporting Afro-Asian aims and
aspirations in Western areas and in bodies such as
the UN Specialized Agencies, where such support is
most likely to be appreciated by the Afro-Asian
peoples.
Under the first heading are included such events as the
meeting of Afro-Asian delegates at the World Peace Confer-
ence in Stockholm in July, and the inclusion of substantially
increased numbers of Africans and Asians in the executive
bodies, editorial staffs, and international delegations of the
fronts. Efforts to organize separate Afro-Asian gatherings
under direct sponsorship of the major international fronts,
often attempted in the past, have now apparently been
dropped.
Under the second heading, the creation of the Afro-
Asian Solidarity Council and Secretariat in Cairo appears to
be of critical importance. Since May 1958 in particular a
series of Afro-Asian gatherings have been announced from
Cairo by regional preparatory groups in which, without
exception, Chinese affiliates of the international fronts are
represented. These include projects for Afro-Asian confer-
ences of youth, women, and economic organizations.
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Under the third heading come the many appeals in
support of Arab unity and Algerian liberation, etc. , directed
by virtually all the fronts to the United Nations, and their
support for such projects as Algeria Day (30 March). As of
July 1958, front: affiliates from the Bloc were openly and
directly providing well-publicized material assistance in the
form of funds, medical and relief supplies, and medical care
for the Algerian national liberation movement.
In general, the program in Latin America follows the
lines outlined in the foregoing pages concerning the Afro-
Asian area. Efforts are being made to increase the effec-
tiveness of this program, which so far lacks many of the
dramatic features of recent events in the Middle East, by
calls for solidarity between Latin America and the Afro-
Asian areas. The similarity of the problems of the two areas
is being highlighted, and contacts between front personalities
from both are being stimulated through such devices as cam-
paigns against US intervention in the Middle East.
The intensification during 1958 of international front
sponsorship and financial support of travel and bilateral
contacts by personnel of national affiliates has been largely
concentrated on Afro-Asia and Latin America. Material
assistance to both affiliated and unaffiliated groups through
the rejuvenated or newly-e stabli shed International Solidarity
Funds, and to a lesser degree, intensified leadership training
programs, have also been focussed in these areas.
The program for Western Europe has, on the "peace"
theme, centered on antimilitarism, opposition to German
military resurgence, the genetic hazards of nuclear explo-
sions, the horrors of war, and the economic consequences of
large defense expenditures. On the anti-colonialism theme,
it has advocated, non-intervention in the Middle East, popu-
larized the trade advantages to be derived through accommo-
dation with Afro-Asian nationalism, agitated against the
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Eurafrica plan, and against the suspension or alleged
violations of civil liberties in colonial territories. The
anti-American theme has been developed by attributing to
the United States the prime responsibility for the courses of
action condemned under the two main themes described
above and by parallel campaigns against U.S. racial dis-
crimination and the behavior of U.S. military personnel in
Europe.
A tactical development of interest in the peace campaign
for Europe is the trend toward the exploitation of bona fide
gatherings and activities of pacifist, religious, and scientific
groups. As of mid-1958, there was evidence that the Peace
movement anticipated difficulties in carrying on its activities
overtly and was encouraging its national affiliates to create
new groups to carry on the various aspects of its program.
In the following paragraphs there is presented a summary
of the activity and direction of each of the major fronts during
1958, with some analysis of the significance of each. These
analyses are followed by sections dealing in detail with each
international Communist front organization.
The World Peace Movement pressed to the fullest extent
the propaganda advantage it gained from the Soviet announce-
ment that atomic bomb tests would be stopped in the USSR.
Much emphasis was placed in various World Peace Council
publications and meetings on the power of "public opinion"
(an expression abundantly used in the Peace Movement) to
bring pressure on the United Nations to act towards ending
atomic tests as well as to achieve the other "peace" campaign
objectives--a Summit meeting, denuclearized zones in
Europe and Asia, elimination of military pacts and bases,
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admission of Communist China to the United Nations, non-
intervention in the Middle East, making the Baltic a "Sea of
Peace", peaceful coexistence, and increased cultural and
economic exchanges between the Free World and the Soviet
bloc countries.
The WPC resumed its open partisanship of Soviet
policies --moderated for a while in a weak attempt to appear
non-partisan--and returned to open attacks on the United
States as the root of all evil while avowing that the Soviet
Union makes good, constructive suggestions acceptable to all
peace-loving people. One of the objectives that has for years
motivated the extensive WPC anti-colonialist campaign was
also brought into the open at the Stockholm Conference in
July. Many of the prominent delegates declared upon their
return to their respective countries that the World Peace
Movement would. in the future be indissolubly linked with the
movements for national "liberation". KUO Mo-jo, Chinese
peace leader, went so far as to say that the WPC had almost
wandered into the path of "unprincipled pacifism" in the past
but had corrected this (implied) deviation by its actions at
Stockholm.
Greater effort on the part of the WPC was expended in
"colonial'a.reas of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Mem-
bers of the Secretariat were sent to these areas to direct the
work there, trips were made to further the revival of dormant
peace committees, and reorganizations were made under new
names where the peace committees were overly exposed as
Communist-dominated, such as the Colombian Institute for
International Cooperation. In this, certain parallels to the
campaign in Western Europe can be observed.
Public claims that the World Peace Council and the
International Institute of Peace (IIP) are separate organiza-
tions have almost ceased. The Organizing Committee for the
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Stockholm Conference of the WPC was openly set up in
Vienna at the UP headquarters, meetings of the WPC took
place there during the year, and members of the Secretariat
when queried about plans for WPC headquarters replied that
it would be in Vienna.
Generally speaking, the World Federation of Democratic
Youth (WFDY) and the International Union of Students (IUS)
appear to regard their organizational fortunes as having
improved since early 1957. They weathered the repercus-
sions of youth unrest in the Soviet bloc, particularly in
Hungary, aided by the Suez Crisis and by the Moscow World
Youth Festival. They exploited the Suez Crisis by waging
an all-out propaganda campaign of "outrage" over imperialist
aggression against Egypt, just as they are now exploiting the
current Middle East crisis. In doing so, they sought, with
some success: (a) to divert world attention from the position
of youth within the Soviet bloc and from the WFDY-IUS
betrayal of Hungarian youth in particular; (b) to recover
some of their lost prestige by portraying the WFDY-IUS as
ardent "champions" of nations struggling to retain or gain
their independence; and (c) to stimulate widespread interest
in and support for local and national Festival preparatory
and "report-back" activities, and large-scale Free World
participation in the Moscow World Youth Festival itself.
Both the WFDY and the IUS were organizationally
strengthened by these world-wide activities and by the suc-
cessful convocation in Moscow of their jointly-sponsored
Sixth World Youth Festival in July-August 1957. The pro-
Soviet propaganda impact of the Festival on some 20, 000
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non-Bloc participants * and 743 foreign correspondents was
heightened by the apparent absence of controls and restric-
tions (which were deliberately relaxed or suspended during
the Festival) and by the carefully contrived, dramatic mani-
festation of the Soviet Union's interest in peaceful coexist-
ence generally, and, more specifically, in the problems of
the non-Bloc participants. Most favorably influenced were
the Festival participants from the underdeveloped areas,
who were flattered by the red-carpet treatment given them
personally and the importance and attention given to problems
of burning concern to them. They were also more impressed
with the visible signs of Soviet social and economic progress
than were participants from the industrialized and more
highly developed areas of the world. Moreover, the psycho-
logically favorable reaction to the Soviet technical achieve-
ment in launching the two "sputniks" in the fall of 1957
served to stimulate Free World youth's interest in the Soviet
Union, which the WFDY-IUS exploited.
Today the political climate and exploitable issues are
more conducive to broad unity-of-action and mass support of
the WFDY and the IUS among Free World youth than in early
1957. This is particularly true in the colonial and under-
developed areas of the world. Consequently, both the WFDY
and the IUS, in an effort to reap all benefits possible, have
expanded and diversified their announced programs of action
for 1958 so that they cater to virtually all special needs and
varying interests of young people in each country and region.
All affiliated organizations have been urged to broaden as
widely as possible their relations with members and non-
member national and international organizations, through
About 7, 500 of these were from the target areas--i.e.
the areas of primary interest to the Soviets from the stand-
point of infiltration, gaining influence, etc.
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direct contacts and bilateral and multilateral exchanges, in
order to assist the WFDY and IUS to secure the closest
possible cooperation with such organizations. Emphasis has
been placed by WFDY and IUS on stimulating and supporting
activities that serve as a "bridge" and draw bona fide groups
into desired contact with the WFDY and IUS.
Great effort is being made to build up large cadres of
leaders in each specialized field of youth and student organi-
zation work from the local to the international level. To
provide affiliated organizations with greater assistance in
improving their work and increasing their effectiveness, the
WFDY and IUS are also bringing more "leaders" to their
central headquarters for guidance and discussions and are
sending more of their own officials on prolonged field trips
to meet with local leaders and activists and provide them with
"on-the-spot" advice and assistance. Such visits also pro-
vide them with an opportunity for transfer of necessary funds
with which to carry on local operations. Moreover, material
and financial assistance by WFDY and IUS to affiliates appears
to be on the increase.
International exchange of correspondence is also being
heavily pushed by the WFDY and IUS, with particular
directives issued to maintain correspondence contact with
all persons who attended the Moscow World Youth Festival
or took part in any of its preparatory activities.
Organizationally, the WFDY and the IUS have the pros-
pect of extending their influence in the Afro-Asian world as
a result of the Cairo Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference's
decision to establish a regional organization for youth, with
affiliates throughout the area. Both WFDY and IUS were
officially represented at this Conference by observers and
have officially supported implementation of the Conference's
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decisions. WFDY now claims to have 94 affiliates in the Afro-
Asian region with a combined membership of some 35 million
young people. (It is assumed that Communist China, North
Korea and North Vietnam are included in these figures, and
represent the overwhelming majority of the claimedmem-
bership. )
The WFDY and the IUS are utilizing preparations for the
Seventh World Youth Festival in late July 1959 in Vienna to
strengthen themselves organizationally. Many local, national
and regional Festival "preparatory" committees created for
the Moscow Festival have continued to function and, in many
cases, have become "permanent" bodies.
On 20 May 1958 the Executive Board of UNESCO recom-
mended that the UNESCO General Conference reject the latest
WFDY and IUS applications for consultative status. In their
concerted drive for UN recognition of some sort, both WFDY
and IUS are seeking to establish closer working relations with
other Specialized Agencies of the UN, such as FAO, WHO,
ILO, etc. Looking to the future, their affiliates have also
been instructed to do everything possible to demonstrate sup-
port of UNESCO and build up documentary proof of their good
faith and eligibility for status.
Support of the Soviet Peace offensive and the champion-
ing of the national liberation and anti-colonial movements
constitute the major propaganda efforts of the WFDY and IUS.
As a result, particular targets a.re youth and student organi-
zations in the underdeveloped and colonial areas of the world,
as well as overseas student organizations.
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During the past year the following factors have played a
significant role in helping the Women's International
Democratic Federation (WIDF) extend its influence:
(1)
increased organizational activity generated among
WIDF affiliates throughout the world at all levels in
preparation for the Fourth WIDF Congress, held in
Vienna, 1-5 June 1958, and in implementation of its
program;
(Z) more direct guidance and assistance given key
leaders of WIDF affiliates not only by the WIDF but
also by experienced functionaries of the WIDF
affiliates;
(3) greater effort by WIDF to stimulate national and
regional activity, as well as to expand bilateral and
multilateral exchanges and assistance of all types;
(4) increased indoctrination and formal and informal
training of leaders of women's organizations not
only by the WIDF but also by its affiliates;
(5) more tailored propaganda materials provided to
WIDF affiliates, as well as financial and material
assistance needed to publish and disseminate their
own propaganda.
In addition, improved coordination and implementation of
WIDF policies and programs is expected to result from the
more frequent contacts and discussions WIDF representatives
have with key women leaders at the many national and inter-
national meetings they attend, as well as from the decision
of the WIDF's Permanent International Committee of
Mothers (PICM) in February 1958 to establish nine permanent
regional representatives for liaison with women's groups in
their respective areas.
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The WIDF's major propaganda effort for the "defense of
women and children"- -like that of other international Com-
munist fronts--is in support of the Soviet peace offensive and
the championing of national liberation and anti -colonial move-
ments. However, the WIDF supports these and other pro-
Soviet political objectives by couching WIDF propaganda in
terms emotionally appealing to women and by tailoring the
propaganda to the specific problems, grievances, aspirations
and fears of women in specific target countries and areas.
This permits maximum impact of such propaganda locally
and helps bring growing success to local campaigns for unity
of action on matters of mutual concern. This is particularly
true in Japan and other countries in Asia, Africa and Latin
America, in which the WIDF and its PICM claim to have
gained many affiliates since 1957. Twelve organizations in
these areas are reported to have either joined the WIDF, or
expressed an interest in doing so, since 1957. Unidentified
organizations in twelve countries--at least seven of which
are in these areas--reportedly affiliated with the PICM
since 1957.
The WIDF has officially endorsed the decisions of the
December 1957 Cairo Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference and
urged implementation of the resolutions concerning women
and child welfare programs. It will probably also support
and exploit the Afro-Asian Women's Conference, scheduled
to be held in Cairo in late 1959. Carmen Zanti, WIDF
Secretary General, attended the Cairo Conference as an
official observer for WIDF. Should any new local or regional
Communist-front organizations for women emerge in Asia
and Africa, it is expected that such fronts will be closely
linked with the WIDF; the initiative in their formation will
be taken by women active in WIDF affiliates, probably in the
Arab world.
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It is important, however, to note that bona fide women's
organizations in Asia and Africa are cognizant of the real
need for establishing some legitimate and constructive means
whereby women in these areas may help one another in the
solution of their pressing problems. At the Asian-African
Women's Conference in Colombo in February 1958 the first
concrete steps were taken to counter Communist efforts to
exploit the legitimate aspirations of women in these areas.
During 1958 the World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTU) called upon its affiliates to participate actively in
numerous situations of a strictly political nature. The
major WFTU propaganda effort in 1958 was in support of the
Soviet "!peace" campaign. This propaganda program was
adopted by the WFTU at its 4th World Congress held in
Leipzig, East Germany, in 1957. Resolutions adopted at the
17th Session of the Executive Committee (30 March - 2 April
1958) spelled out the general tactics to be followed by the
WFTU and its affiliates in carrying out this campaign. Two
regional meetings, the European Trade Union and Workers
Conference Against the Threat of War and for Peace, Berlin,
June 1958 and the First Workers Conference of the Baltic
Countries held in Rostock, July 1958, were conducted by the
WFTU to implement the "Peace" propaganda theme. The
Administrative Committees of certain Trade Union Inter-
nationals of the WFTU reiterated the propaganda themes in
resolutions adopted at their meetings and published such
statements in their respective TUI Bulletins.
The present focus of WFTU activities on the Afro-Asian
area sterns also from the 4th World Congress of that
organization in October 1957. At that time M. Sugiri, a
former head of the Foreign Relations Department of SOBSI
(the Indonesian trade union organization) was named as
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WFTU Secretary in charge of the Afro-Asian Section of
the Department for Relations with National Centers. The
4th Congress also adopted a resolution calling for the
creation of an International Trade Union Committee for
Solidarity with Algerian Workers. This resolution called
upon all trade unions to make 15 November 1957 a day of
action and struggle under the slogan "National Independence
and Peace in Algeria".
The Executive Committee at its 17th Session, 30 March -
2 April 1958, invited. national trade union centers to set up an
International trade Union Committee for Solidarity with
Algerian Workers and further recommended that all trade
unions support the Algerian people. The WFTU reported
in its World Trade Union News of 16-30 June 1958 that the
Soviet trade unions had sent clothing, food and medical
supplies for the Algerian rebels through the International
Confederation of Arab Trade Unions in Cairo. The FDGB
(Communist-controlled trade union federation) of East
Germany was reported to have sent similar consignments to
the Algerian Red Crescent. In addition East Germany was
reported to have received wounded Algerian rebels. Contri-
butions from. Czech trade unions were forwarded via the
Red Cross of Czechoslovakia.
WFTU preoccupation with Afro-Asian affairs was also
indicated in resolutions adopted at the 17th Session of the
Executive Committee which pledged support of the Permanent
Secretariat for Afro-Asian Solidarity. At the same time
all trade unions were called upon to support the struggles
of the peoples of Indonesia, Cyprus and South Africa.
The First World Trade Union Conference of Young
Workers sponsored by WFTU in July 1958 adopted resolutions
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(1) opposing American-British intervention in the Middle
East, (2) expressing solidarity with the peoples of Cyprus,
(3) opposing atomic tests in the Sahara, (4) supporting
the unification of Korea and the independence of the
Cameroons (French), and (5) demanding amnesty for
political prisoners on Madagascar.
The 18th Session of the Executive Committee in July 1958
was devoted entirely to the question of the Middle East Crisis.
During 1958 assistance was forwarded by the International
Solidarity Fund to trade unions in Ceylon, Australia and
Tunisia, still another indication of WFTU interest in this
area.
In order to increase the number of its adherents, the
WFTU has devoted a major portion of its organizational effort
during 1958 to the over-all program of trade union unity. At
the 17th Session of the Executive Committee Louis Saillant,
Secretary General of WFTU, outlined the steps necessary
to achieve trade union unity as follows:
(1)
Unite the workers in each country and help them
to unite with all social sections who are actively
working for peace.
(2) Be at the head of every mass struggle and every
decisive action to achieve peace objectives.
(3) Increase the exchange of fraternal delegations.
A second major attempt by the WFTU to win new adherents
was its campaign to win the support of young workers. After
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nearly two years of preparation the First World Trade
Union Conference of Young Workers was held in Prague in
July 1958. Lazaro Pena, a WFTU Secretary, in addressing
the Conference pointed out that young workers represent a
considerable portion of the total labor force and that the
labor movement could by their action acquire new forces
capable of removing old prejudices standing in the way of
trade union unity.
A third organizational development, although not directly
a part of WFTU activity, should not be overlooked--the direct
Soviet contact with non-Communist trade unions. Early in
1958 V. V. Grishin, Chairman of the All Union Central
Council of Trade Unions, was reported as stating that it
was necessary "to extend friendly contacts with trade unions of
the capitalist and colonial countries. " This policy was
implemented by the travel of high-ranking Soviet labor
leaders to Egypt, Finland, France and Uruguay in the first
half of 1958. Since the heads of Soviet delegations are usually
important figures in the WFTU, this tactic will probably lend
prestige to the WFTU organizational efforts in the countries
visited by the Soviets.
The Afro-Asian Solidarity Council has, as of mid-1958,
become active, with Soviet bloc support, in organizing
gatherings of youth, women's, and economic groups. With
the exception of the national Afro-Asian Solidarity Committees
already operating in the area, and such Egyptian bodies as the
Supreme Council of Youth Welfare, other national bodies likely
to support these initiatives have not yet been identified.
The national affiliates of the established international
fronts are, however, expected to concentrate on encouraging
and participating in the work of new national preparatory
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committees for Afro-Asian gatherings and on pressure
campaigns to induce national governments to support
the programs and resolutions advocated by the regional
gatherings. In this effort, the results of such official
gatherings as the Conference of Independent African Countries
(Accra, 15-22 April 1958) will be exploited by the fronts.
National non-Communist mass organizations will be
encouraged to cooperate with the major international fronts.
Where significant resistance is encountered, components
of these national groupings will be encouraged to affiliate
with the fronts. Close bilateral relationships with Bloc
affiliates of the fronts are also being encouraged, and it
is likely that the most effective Communist-dominated
affiliates in the Afro-Asian world--such as the All-India
Trade Union Congress, the Indonesian trade union
organization SOBSI, etc. --will expand their external
activities along these lines as well.
It should be noted that in spite of many past efforts
by Bloc trade union grganizations to create an Afro-Asian
regional trade union organization, this field is the one in
which the international fronts have so far been least
successful. However, with the present more radical
Communist attitude on the question of national independence
for African colonial territories, including support for
opposition forces in countries with pro-Western governments,
and support for Arab nationalist unity, pro-Communist
trade union leaders in these territories may be able to
enhance appreciably their influence in the national trade
union movement and liberation movement. In the more
stable independent countries of Africa and Asia, they are
likely to encounter, however, increased governmental
resistance to the extension of Communist influence in the
national trade union field through these tactics.
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The prospects for Communist success in these front
efforts are good in the African colonies, reasonably good
in the Middle East, and fair in South Asia. Their principal
advantages in the independent countries of the area are
likely to be the general fear of war and reluctance' to risk
alienating the Soviet bloc. A significant vulnerability of the
front campaign in the more mature Afro-Asian countries
arises from the vigorous Communist campaign against
Yugoslavia and revisionism, since a number of key
collaborators of the fronts, particularly in South Asia, appear
to have been alienated as a result of these campaigns.
However, while the Yugoslavs and their collaborators oppose
both certain aspects of the Soviet bloc concept of the peace
campaign and of the proper course to be followed in national
economic development of underdeveloped countries--both
central issues of the front programs--their vigorous anti-
colonialist stand on such questions as Western military
intervention in the Middle East and Algerian independence has
obscured the critical questions likely to embarrass the
Moscow/Peiping-directed fronts. The more radical Soviet
bloc attitudes toward national liberation struggles in Africa
may also prove of overriding importance in that area.
Continued cooperation and support for front activity by
at least one major independent Afro-Asian government- -like
that rendered to the Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference by the
Egyptian Government--is indispensable for further Communist
success in exploiting Afro-Asian aspirations and issues.
The World Federation of Scientific Workers (WFSW)
tried, as it had done for the past two years, to regain
"respectability" and become eligible for consultative status
in UNESCO, in which it already has "informal relations."
(It was recommended in May 1958 by the UNESCO Executive
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Board that the current application be rejected; if the UNESCO
General Conference concurs with the rejection, the application
may, however, be brought up again in two years.) To this
end members have been instructed to avoid any action that
mgith be interpreted as political, biased or partial to
socialist countries. The organization went so far as to decline
cooperation with the WPC in connection with the World Confer-
ence for Disarmament and International Cooperation held
in Stockholm in July 1958, the first time full cooperation with
the WPC had not been given. Activities will, at least
outwardly, be based on strictly scientific subjects but a
great many of these subjects will be in the realm of sociology--
i.e., the rights, wages, conditions and living standards of
scientific workers, and their training. Actually, the only
scientific subject of apparent interest to this organization is
atomic energy, and it may be expected to take full advantage
of the Soviet "line" in this field.
The International Association of Democratic Lawyers
(IADL) is seeking to regain its lost prestige, especially in
Western Europe, and to forego (or at least to conceal) its
former preoccupation with defending or ignoring injustices
in the Soviet bloc countries. However, it will continue to
condemn and criticize every legal action in the Free World
against blocking the spread of Communism or its activists.
,It may also be expected to give a great deal of attention to
aiding developments in "colonial" and "semidependent"
countries leading toward the fulfillment of Soviet ambitions.
While admitting it has been too occupied with political affairs
in the past, the IADL is now busily building up a line of
argument that political and legal matters are closely connected
and cannot be considered basically as separate matters.
The International Organization of Journalists (IOJ) has
continued to develop its activities in connection with its
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"unity-of-action" campaign. These activities have consisted
of increased propaganda and visits of delegations, and the
active support and promotion of international and regional
conferences of journalists. These tactics have enabled the
IOJ to achieve some measure of success in broadening its
influence among journalists.
Increased activity by the International Broadcasting
Organization (OIR), started in 1957, has continued into 1958.
Prior to 1958 only one non-Communist country, Finland, was
represented in the OIR. The OIR therefore was not so much
a "front" as it was an outright Communist organization. This
f-act rendered less effective its efforts to promote Soviet
propaganda objectives, and also handicapped the OIR in
developing relations with other broadcasting organizations.
To overcome this isolation the OIR has proposed that UNESCO
consider convening an international conference of existing
broadcasting organizations, and has also proposed a joint
conference with the European Broadcasting Union. Addi-
tionally, the OIR has proposed the creation of a new world
organization attached to UNESCO in which it would be a
founder member.
To gain respectability and acceptability among non-
Communist broadcasting organizations the OIR has adopted
a posture of moderation in its propaganda and has devoted
more attention to the purely technical aspects of radio and
television development.
The uncommitted countries of Asia and Africa appear to
be of particular interest to the OIR and increasing attention
is being devoted to these areas.
The International Federation of Resistance Fighters (FIR),
as a European organization of former resistance fighters,
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political prisoners, concentration camp inmates, and other
victims of Fascism, is probably the most closely identified
of all the international front organizations with the task of
fighting against the "resurgence of German militarism" and
the "revival of nazism and fascism. It
FIR's activities are directed toward mobilizing public
opinion and other resistance organizations against these
allegedly-existing menaces, and particularly against NATO
which, according to FIR, is responsible for the alleged
revival of German militarism and fascism. At the same time
FIR actively promotes the Soviet "peace" objectives.
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MISSING PAGE
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT MISSING PAGE(S):
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1. THE WORLD PEACE COUNCIL (WPC)
A. ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
1. Day for Banning Nuclear Weapons, 1 March 1958.
2. World Peace Council (WPC) Bureau Meeting, New
Delhi, 22-24 March 1958.
This meeting was held primarily to prepare for the
July Conference for Disarmament and International
Cooperation in Stockholm. Delegates from 29
countries were received by Prime Minister Nehru,
and his relative Rameshwari Nehru, who is active
in the Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee, addressed
the meeting. Although the group had asked to be
received, initial press reporting of the visit con-
veyed the false impression that Nehru had addressed
the body in its official capacity. The distortion was
promptly corrected by an official government press
release, which deplored the original tendentious
news stories. Tass of 22 March reported that
"eminent Indian public and political ,leaders attended
a reception for the delegates given by the All-Indian
Peace Council.... Speakers at the conference
stressed that many new groups, organizations and
individuals had joined the struggle for peace in many
countries... The session considered ways and means
of bringing about an end to atomic tests, disarma-
ment and a summit meeting...."
Three documents were issued at the meeting: a formal
announcement of the Conference on Disarmament and
International Cooperation and its agenda; a condemnation
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of foreign "interference" in Indonesia; and a call
for Algerian independence and an end to the Algerian
war. These documents paralleled in substance a
speech delivered by Nikita Khrushchev on 14 March
in which he invoked public opinion in support of
Moscow propaganda objectives.
It has been reported that there was considerable
dissension at the meeting over the sharpness of the
language of the resolutions on Middle East events.
3. Day of Solidarity with Algeria, 30 March 1958.
Initiated by the Afro-Asian Solidarity Council;
endorsed by the WPC, WFDY and WFTU; supported
by national peace partisan organizations.
4. Establishment of the INTERNATIONAL CLUB IN
BRUSSELS, April 1958.
After the WPC was refused permission by the Belgian
authorities to hold the World Conference for Disarma-
ment and International Cooperation in Brussels during
the World Fair, the WPC established an International
Club there which served substantially the same objec-
tives envisaged for the conference -- i.e. to contact
visitors to the Fair and to attract delegates to the
Conference (held in Stockholm). The Club was set
up through the International Institute for Peace (IIP),
the cover name of the WPC in Vienna since the offi-
cial dissolution of its headquarters in that city in
1957. The IIP furnished a half-million Belgian francs,
260,000 francs of which was used to rent a hotel on
the Avenue Louise. The remainder of the funds
necessary was reportedly furnished by a "non-profit
organization" headed by Baron Allard, a long-time
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peace worker. The purpose of the Club was to
afford peace leaders from all over the world the
occasion to explain to the visitors to the Fair the
aims, experiences and work of the World Peace
Movement. Abundant WPC literature was available
and "peace" concerts, soirees at which "peace"
poetry and prose were read, films, performances by
artists of various nationalities, exhibitions of paint-
ings and photographs, discussions on "peace" sub-
jects, and interviews with prominent personalities
active in the Peace Movement were-scheduled. It
was especially planned to invite prominent repre-
sentatives of other international organizations to
give lectures at the club -- such as the Quakers, the
War Resisters, the United Nations Associations, The
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom,
the Ghandist and Buddhist Associations. In addition
to the social halls, there were rooms for guests and
a restaurant. It was reported that many of the elab-
orate plans fell short of their hoped-for results, that
the Club was often empty, and that Baron Allard's
group lost money on the venture.
5. ARGENTINE CONGRESS FOR INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION, GENERAL DISARMAMENT AND
NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY, Buenos Aires,
16-18 May 1958.
The Congress was held in the Law School of the
University of Buenos Aires. Use of the building was
obtained from Risieri Frondizi, Rector of the Univer-
sity and brother of the President of Argentina. The
president was asked to open the conference but
declined in a letter wishing it every success. On the
opening day the official delegates numbered about 200
but the Young Democratic Progressive Party and the
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Young Intransigent Radical Civil Union sent 200
delegates to raise this figure to 400. Some of the
meetings had an attendance of 1200 and representa-
tives of over 70 groups expressed their support of
the congress. Among these were schools, political
parties, women's and youth groups, writers, law-
yers, doctors, teachers, trade unions, cattlemen,
and Catholic organizations.
Much better organized than any previous peace
congress in the Western hemisphere, this Congress
was an outcome of the November meetings of Com-
munist leaders in Moscow which issued instructions
that the Peace campaign must be revived and stepped
up in Latin America. Alfredo Varela, head of cul-
tural affairs in the Vienna Secretariat of the WPC,
was sent to his native Argentina to direct the prepa-
ration and proceedings of the conference. James
Endicott, President of the IIP and Vice President of
the WPC, gave the keynote address (mainly an attack
on the US). There are indications that a Latin
American regional center will be organized with
headquarters in Buenos Aires.
The agenda and proceedings followed the traditional
"peace" propaganda themes. US "imperialism",
military bases, and economic subjugation of Latin
America were roundly attacked. The emphasis was
on economic matters in keeping with the current
Soviet offensive on this subject. The proceedings
took place in six commissions and many plenary
sessions.
Resolutions were passed on "An Appeal to the Argen-
tine People", "On Nuclear Tests and a Summit
Conference"; and "Unity of Latin American Peace
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Forces." The Congress sent a Commission to
deliver its resolutions to the Argentine President
and presented to the Chamber of Deputies a project
to end atomic tests. One of the resolutions that re-
ceived no publicity clearly expressed the underlying
purpose of the WPC to firm up the organization of the
Peace Movement and to extend its influence in Latin
America:
"Considering that the objectives of this Congress
have stirred up the honest adherence of repre-
sentative persons and organizations of many
diverse tendencies belonging to the spheres of
politics, economics, unions, sciences, universi-
ties, youth, women, technicians, artists, and
others of the country... that those different
groups, many of whom have expressed previously
and on their own yearning for peace, have had the
opportunity of finding in this Congress and verify-
ing that there are others of like aspirations; that
the free, full and democratic debate here carried
on permitted. . .the agreement synthesized in the
fundamental conclusions of the Congress; that
now those decisions, which demand the full par-
ticipation of the inhabitants of our country, will
be carried out in practice; that the agreement
expressed here must be converted into joint
action; The Congress... Resolves
a. To constitute a Co-ordinating Board for
International Cooperation, General Disarma-
ment, and National Sovereignty charged with
carrying out to the letter these decisions;
b. To consider it (the Board) constituted as of
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now, by the organizations and persons who
sign this resolution.
c. To invite all those patrons or adherents to
this Congress to join, as have those who,
without having done so publicly, concur in
part or totally with these purposes. (sic)
d. To direct the president of the Congress to
adopt these necessary provisions so that the
authorities of this board may be formed in
the shortest time possible."
6. Women's Caravan of Peace to Alert People About
Atomic Dangers, Spring-Summer, 1958.
(See IV-A-lc)
7. WPC Session, Vienna, 31 May - 2 June 1958.
Although called a World Peace Council session in a
press interview held by the delegates, this was prob-
ably only an "enlarged" Bureau meeting, as WPC
sessions have increasingly become. The press con-
ference was apparently held in the hope that it would
create some publicity for the forthcoming Stockholm
conference. Forthcoming scientific conferences,
including the one being organized in Vienna by Prof.
Thirring, were brought into the interview by WPC
spokesmen, which was a further proof that this
"third Pugwash" conference is indeed a target for the
Communist front organizations. (See VI-A-4)
The session issued an appeal to all people to send
representatives to Stockholm in July and to free
themselves from the "hateful burden of armaments",
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adding that cessation of bomb tests in the Soviet
Union was not enough to stop tests everywhere.
8. Week of The Baltic Sea of Peace, 5-13 July 1958.
(See also C-3 below)
This designated week was one of a series of events in
a campaign waged under the name of "The Baltic, Sea
of Peace" which was extensively propagandized by
the WPC. Some of the events were a peace confer-
ence in Rostock of workers of the Baltic countries
staged by seamen, harbor workers and ship builders
of the area, a "peace cruise" along Baltic ports in a
Russian ship rented by the Germans, a demonstration
against NATO when that organization held a meeting
in Copenhagen, increased "friendship tours" between
Baltic countries, a WFTU-sponsored "Conference of
European Trade Unions and Workers Against the
Threat of Atomic War and for Peace", and an intensi-
fied campaign against the construction of missile
bases in the area. The purpose of this activity was
to maintain and extend the sentiment for neutrality in
the eight Baltic states.
9. WORLD CONFERENCE FOR DISARMAMENT AND
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, Stockholm,
16-22 July 1958.
The WPC has held major biennial conferences since
its formation, but had indicated at the last one (the
Disarmament Conference held in April 1956 at Stock-
holm) that these huge international events would be
discontinued in favor of smaller regional conferences
or "joint" meetings of one or more national peace
committees to discuss specific problems. Isabelle
Blume openly stated that the big congresses had
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degenerated into tourist events. However, the value
of the "spectaculars" must have been reconsidered,
or else the Stockholm conference was planned as a
climax to the massive, all-inclusive "peace" cam-
paign of 1958 in which the Soviet and national Commu-
nist parties have united their efforts. This whole
campaign has been used extensively in WPC propa-
ganda for the Stockholm conference -- the organized
"peace walks" around the UN building in New York,
to Washington, and to the Aldermaston atomic center
in England; vigorous campaigns against missile
bases in every region where these bases exist or
are planned; the Soviet announcement that the USSR
would stop atomic tests, followed by demonstrations,
appeals, and meetings on the part of scores of Com-
munist and front organizations and individuals demand-
ing sirrdlar action by the US and Britain; and signature
campaigns against atomic tests totalling millions of
signatures. Linus Pauling, American scientist, sent
to the UN a list of 9000 signatures of scientists from
many countries protesting the tests and he also
brought a law suit in a US court claiming genetic
damage would result from such tests. Many non-
Communists were drawn into this campaign, such as
the Quakers who joined the peace walks and organized
some of their own demonstrations. In preparation for
the Stockholm conference, there were better prepared
and more than usually publicized national peace con-
gresses in every country where an active peace com-
mittee exists. A new WPC bimonthly bulletin devoted
exclusively to the conference was begun, and there was
much travel by members of the Secretariat -- James
Endicott toured Latin America, Fernand Vigne went
to India and other Middle East countries, Jorge
Zalamea went to Greece, Vincent Duncan Jones trav-
eled to Canada, and Narain Malviya and Isabelle Blume
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also took to the road in the conference's behalf.
The other front organizations publicized the confer-
ence, distributed its literature and urged full support
for it, with the exception of the World Federation of
Scientific Workers in which there is much dissatisfac-
tion over internal Communist domination. The organ-
ization is also seeking to regain consultative status in
UNESCO which it lost because of its too-close Com-
munist connections.
The Organizational Committee for the conference was
able to obtain the names of many non-Communists to
use on its Sponsoring Committee of about 100: clergy-
men, doctors, parliamentarians, writers, professors,
trade union leaders - - among them Pastor Martin
Niemoeller, Lord Bertrand Russell, Lord Boyd-Orr,
George Branting, Rameshwari Nehru, Jean Paul
Sartre, W. H. De Silva, Minister of Justice in Cey-
lon, and several Nobel Prize winners. Although
Bertrand Russell withdrew his sponsorship after the
execution of Nagy, his name was used in reams of
publicity about the conference.
Counting on this meticulous preparation, the WPC
proclaimed that between 2000 and 3000 people would
attend the Stockholm Conference. However, there
were only 1265 delegates, observers and guests in
attendance, about one-third of whom were from So-
viet bloc countries. Various factors may account
for the attendance falling below expectation:
(a) Former wholesale financing of delegates'
expenses by the WPC apparently was lacking. While
the national peace committees have always been
urged by the WPC to raise as much of their delega-
tions' expenses as possible, the WPC formerly stood
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ready to pay the expenses of any useful peace
worker or prominent guest whose name could be
used for publicity. This resulted in a great many
free trips for delegates from all parts of the world.
For example, the WPC paid almost the entire expen-
ses of over 500 delegates to the WPC Council meet-
ing in Colombo in June 1957. This occurred at a
time when the prestige of the WPC was at its lowest
level due to its failure to protest Soviet aggression
in Hungary and to the dissolution, as a legal entity,
of its headquarters in Vienna, so there was great
need for a good attendance. But many of the Western
European peace committees reported that the WPC
had declined to furnish any aid in financing their
delegations to Stockholm in July 1958, and the number
of delegates was consequently reduced. Practically
all of the free trips supplied by the WPC went to
target area countries in the Near and Middle East and
Latin America. Under these circumstances, some of
the national peace committees complained that the
$11 per diem subsistence rate, in addition to the $10
registration fee per delegate,was more than they
could pay. Aware that plans to attend were lagging,
the WPC finally sent out letters to the national com-
mittees offering subsistence rates of $6 and $8 per
day with more than one person in a room. This lag
in registration was probably also the reason for a
letter from the IUS to its affiliates promising finan-
cial aid to delegates to Stockholm if they were finding
the money difficult to raise. In general, the WPC's
requests for "mass collection of funds" -- with sug-
gestions for the sale of postcards, badges, scarfs,
and for contests, voluntary gifts etc. -- were much
more urgent than had been evident for other confer-
ences. The Peace Committee of the Soviet Union
announced that for the USSR an account had been set
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up in Moscow and local banks, to which sympa-
thizers could send donations to the World Peace
Fund.
(b) The disillusion and disruption that have
been prevalent in the Peace Movement since its
dissension over the Hungarian revolution and the
increasing awareness in many countries of the real
nature of the current Soviet peace campaign are un-
doubtedly influencing its ability to attract the huge
crowds it formerly did. The Soviet-Chinese dispute
with Yugoslavia over the latter's concept of the peace
struggle undoubtedly has helped to bring this matter
into focus. A significant illustration of this attitude
is an editorial in the pro-Sukarno Indo Observer
which declared: "Congresses of the kind to be held
in Stockholm have very little practical value. The
grave questions scheduled for discussion in Stock-
holm are too far-fetched for Indonesia, and we are
afraid that the real purpose of the congress is polit-
ical rather than peaceful.... Delegates to congres-
ses of this kind are usually composed of neutrals,
progressives, crypto-Communists or opportunists....
We wonder if it is necessary for Indonesians to dis-
cuss these abstract problems which have no real
practical value in our daily policy."
Another case in point is that of the Swiss delegate,
Villard, who told the conference that he had come
with the understanding that objective criticism of
a one violating peace would be permitted. "It is not
proper," he said, "to address the multitudes through-
out the world who are worried about peace when only
American imperialism is discussed and only certain
aspects of the Cold War are mentioned while those
cases where the responsibility of other camps is
T
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involved are omitted. It is a denial of promises made
before the Conference convened for opponents to be
kept silent. . . . "
In this connection, an editorial by Pierre Cot in the
WPC ideological magazine Horizons for July-August
1958 is very interesting. He emphasized how com-
pletely different this WPC Stockholm conference
would be from any preceding one; that it "would be
a complete expression of the world's opinion", that
"unlike it has done heretofore, the WPC would per-
mit a discussion of every side of every problem...
Algeria, Lebanon, Cyprus, sentences executed by
the Government of Hungary... all would be discussed
... all would be admitted as participants.... "
Actually Imre Kovacs and Bela Kiraly asked for per-
mission to join the Conference and permission was
refused to "these traitor-politicians who fled to the
West. " Subjects that came up in the Commissions
such as the Yugoslav delegate's cautious remark
that the recent Soviet campaign against Yugoslavia
was not conducive to peace, the Danish delegate's
suggestion that the rights of conscientious objectors
be made universal, the Iraqi's rejection of disarma-
ment for the Arabs, and the Italian delegate's sugges-
tion for abolition of capital punishment for political
offenses, were not put to a vote. A Norwegian dele-
gate's reference to the execution of Nagy was ruled
"out of tune with the mood of the Congress and seek-
ing to stir up sympathy for the organizers of the
counterrevolutionary uprising in Hungary. " One of
the first acts of the Conference was to issue a reso-
lution branding the American "invasion" of Lebanon
as aggression. This was the subject of many violent
speeches. The other discussions and speeches fol-
lowed the traditional lines in support of current
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Soviet objectives -- a Summit meeting (this Stock-
holm conference was often referred to as "the Sum-
mit meeting of the people"); disarmament; abolition
of military pacts, bases, missile sites, military
budgets and restrictions on trade; creation of
neutral zones free of atomic installations in Europe
and Asia, cessation of atomic tests; noninterference
(by the US) in the Middle East and Asia; early re-
unification of Korea and Vietnam; return of Okinawa
to Japan, Goa to India, New Guinea to Indonesia;
end to the cold war; cooperation and cultural ex-
change between nations. Economic subjects were
especially emphasized, particularly in a long speech
by Oskar Lange (Poland) who, incidentally, revived
the Malenkov thesis that an atomic war would wipe
out humanity. The idea of a world economic confer-
ence to discuss the problems of international eco-
nomic cooperation was again brought up. The
establishment of an economic commission to study
pertinent problems was recommended.
The Conference adopted a Declaration on Disarma-
ment, a Message to the People on the Middle East
situation, and an Appeal of the World Congress for
Disarmament and International Co-operation. There
was also an appeal to the UN demanding the with-
drawal of interventionist forces, convening of a gen-
eral assembly and a return to the procedures of the
UN charter. Joliot-Curie proposed in his message to
the Conference (he was not present, for reasons of
health, and died 14 August 1958) that an international
committee to study the problems of disarmament and
international cooperation be established that could
invite heads of government--to- take part in its meetings
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in order to set forth their views and to report on
measures taken by them to abolish the cold war.
(This sounds like a reversion to certain remarks
made by WPC officials early in the 1950's that indi-
cated the WPC aspired to take on some of the work
of the United Nations. )
There were many meetings at the Conference outside
the regular work in the commissions and plenary ses-
sions. Bilateral meetings were arranged between
delegations; the Poles met the Argentine, Brazilian
and Swedish delegations; a meeting took place between
delegations interested in the "Rapacki Plan" for a
nuclear.-free zone in Europe; the Afro-Asian delega-
tions met separately; specialized meetings took place
of teachers, young people, religious workers,
scientists, etc. ; delegates from the Soviet Union,
UAR, Czechoslovakia, Jordan, Burma, Ceylon,
India, Indonesia and West Africa met to discuss the
preparation of the Afro-Asian Writers Conference to
take place in October in Tashkent, USSR.
The Conference elected a new enlarged World Council,
including 467 specific individuals and 58 "earmarked"
positions, to which individuals will subsequently be
named. Twenty-four additional designations are also
anticipated; total membership in the Council will
therefore be either 525 or 549. The great majority
of those elected were already Council members, but
138 new names were noted, and 106 members of the
1956 Council have been dropped. Joliot-Curie was re-
elected president and 16 vice presidents were elected
-- 10 of whom were already vice presidents (Isabelle
Blume and James Endicott were named vice presidents
in Ceylon in 1957 but their names appear on the new
list because only a major conference is supposed to
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elect the officers). The new vice presidents are
Muhammad Kamil al-Bindari (UAR), Walter
Friedrich (East Germany), Aleksandr Korneichuk
(USSR), Velio Spano and Ferdinando Targetti (Italy),
and Abu Mumuni (Senegal). Three places, it was
announced, would be filled later, one from India.
This is the first time India has had no vice president
in the WPC. It is generally believed that Dr. Saifud-
din Kitchlew, former Indian WPC vice president, has
clashed with other WPC leaders in recent months and
is being eased out. He has not been able to get along
with Rome sh Chandra, the CP India militant in the
All-India Peace Movement, so it is believed he will
eventually be replaced on the Council and as Presi-
dent of the All-India Peace Movement by Rajagopala-
chari, a former Governor General of India. Eighty
"eminent public leaders representing countries of
all continents" were elected to the enlarged Bureau
(names not yet available) and an 11-member Secretar-
iat was formed (also unnamed) with Fernand Vigne as
Secretary General. This title and function were
eliminated when Jean Lafitte left Vienna in 1956 but
has evidently been restored. It is a matter of con-
jecture just what Jean Lafitte's position is in the
Movement at present.
An interesting assessment of the Conference was made
by Jan Mukarovsky, Academician and Chairman of the
Czech Peace Committee. In an interview published
in Tvorba on 31 July entitled "The Countenance of the
Peace Movement and the Nature of its Work are
Changing", he said that the most important factor
underlying the Conference for Disarmament and
International Cooperation was the full application at
the Conference of the principle of the inseparability of
the struggle for peace from the struggle for national
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independence. Another factor, he said, was that a
highly significant solidarity between nations fighting
for their political and economic liberation was
revealed at the conference. "As far as the Czecho-
slovak delegation is concerned, its deepest impression
was evoked by the supremely friendly attitude of
nations fighting for their liberation to our delegation
and to the Czechoslovak people...."
In this same vein, KUO Mo-jo, leader of the Chinese
delegation to the Stockholm conference, said to a
mass rally held by the Chinese Peace Committee on
6 August in Peking,
The Stockholm conference was the most success-
ful and fruitful since the launching of the Peace
Movement as far as opposition to US aggression
and support for the anti-colonialist struggles are
concerned. The Peace Movement has a history
of 10 years, but its purpose and tasks have never
been so clearly outlined and defined as on this
occasion.... Where does war emanate from? --
obviously from the United States, the ringleader
of the imperialist bloc.... To maintain the
super-profits of a handful of monopolists, the
US Government has carried out a policy of arma-
ment expansion, war preparation, atomic war
blackmail and 'brink of war' tactics. It has con-
stantly aggravated world tensions so as to carry
out its new colonialism... it uses the pretext of
opposing 'Communist subversive activities' to
disguise its grim features and to present itself
as a benevolent savior to deceive people.... In
the past 10 years the Peace Movement has been
reluctant to show the US Government in its true
colors; out of concern for our friends in the West,
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it has hesitated to post clearly the question of
opposing imperialist aggression and colonialism
...the Peace Movement has almost wandered on
to the path of unprincipled 'pacifism'. At this
Stockholm conference, however, US imperialist
aggression was denounced in outspoken language
and the anti-colonialist movement given firm
support. We should record this as the greatest
achievement of the conference."
These views, together with other evidence, strongly
suggest that the vacillation and indecision character-
istic of Peace Council activities during the past three
years have been brought to an end, with the Council
now oriented to carry out its share of the tasks in the
peace struggle envisioned in the 64-Party and 12 Party
manifestos published in Moscow in November 1957.
This new line brings the Peace Movement closer to
the Communist parties of the Afro-Asian and Latin
American areas, and suggests that the prospective
loss of much support in the major West European
countries as a result of the adoption of this more
radical and aggressive line is viewed with equanimity.
10. An Italian Friendship Train left Venice 4 August 1958
enroute to the USSR.
This trip, organized by the Italian Peace Council, as
to go through Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland for
a period of from 10 to 13 days. Itinerary A cost
104, 000 lire with a down payment of 10, 000 lire, the
rest to be paid in 10 monthly installments; itinerary
B cost 118, 000 lire with a down payment of 20, 000
lire, and included more territory. There was some
dissatisfaction on the part of its organizers that the
venture took on too much the aspect of a tourist
S-E-
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enterprise rather than the political attitude for which
it was intended.
11. FOURTH CONFERENCE AGAINST ATOMIC AND
HYDROGEN BOMBS, Tokyo, 12-20 August 1958.
Observance of the anniversary of the dropping of the
atomic bomb on Hiroshima began in 1955, the 10th
anniversary. A National Conference Against Atomic
and Hydrogen Bombs began on the actual day, 6 Au-
gust, on the first occasion. However, the 4th com-
memoration of the anniversary convened a National
Conference from 12-15 August and an International
Conference from 15-20 August. Foreign delegates to
the latter were urged to arrive in Tokyo to participate
as observers during the whole period. The anniver-
sary observance, obviously destined to be an annual
affair, receives wholehearted support from all over
Japan. However, the international conference
usually fails to attract more than token support from
the rest of the World Peace Movement. The close-
ness of the date to that of the Stockholm conference
occasioned some anxiety on the part of the organizer,
the Japan Council Against Atomic and Hydrogen
Bombs, which issued an urgent invitation to the
Stockholm delegates to come to Japan from there.
Some of the Stockholm delegates followed the usual
procedure of accepting tours of the Soviet bloc coun-
tries and then continued to Japan.
Another situation which had serious effect on the
Tokyo conference is the current bad feeling between
Japan and China brought about by the anti-Kishi cam-
paign waged by the Chinese Government. The Chinese
delegation has been an important element in the pre-
vious conferences and reportedly none was to appear
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at the 1958 meeting.
An international preparation committee was set up
in Tokyo 1 June 1958. Some of the committee
members stayed on to form a secretariat for the
conference. The WPC is always represented on
this committee. This year its representatives were
SATO Shigeo and Prince SAIONJI; the latter was
recently transferred from the Vienna Secretariat
to become the Vice President of the WPC Liaison
Committee for Asia and the Pacific Regions with
headquarters in Peking.
Some 130 delegates from 35 foreign countries were
expected to attend the conference, with 6, 000
Japanese delegates participating.
The agenda included within its scope any question
related to atomic dangers but specific subjects to be
discussed were a) nuclear tests; b) introduction of
nuclear weapons into foreign territories; c) the
question of military blocs; d) question concerning
military bases; e) questions of air patrols armed
with atomic bombs; f) disarmament negotiations;
g) non-aggression pacts; h) questions of non-nuclear
zones; i) a summit conference.
Again, as at Stockholm, the organizers promised
"The Conference will attempt to maintain its
politically independent character. Domination. . by any one trend will be avoided by all means." It
is recalled that the same promise was made in 1957,
but the conference turned out to be so bitterly anti-
American that an American pacifist who had
attended in good faith walked out of it.
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Here again the intention of the WPC to tie the
World Peace Movement "inseparably" to the
national independence movement was evident. The
WPC sent James Endicott and Fernand Vigne from
the Vienna Secretariat to join SAIONJI Kinkazu and
SATO Shigeo (already in Tokyo working with the
international preparatory committee) for the special
purpose of persuading delegations from the Afro-Asian
bloc to attend the conference rather than the previous
emphasis on attracting Western delegates.
12. WORLD CONFERENCE OF ATOMIC SCIENTISTS,
Vienna and Kitzbuehel, 14-21 September 1958.
(See VI-A-4)
The WPC has been agitating for such a conference
for several years. The International Institute of
Peace in Vienna began propagandizing the confer-
ence before it became firmly scheduled and has
continued to do so in all of its publications. The
IIP has also begun publishing a monthly bulletin on
atomic dangers.
13. International Peace Conference, Oslo, 18-20
September 1958.
This conference was organized by an independent
Norwegian group called Uawhengig Norsk Gruppe
(UNG). It tried very hard to gain labor support for
the meeting whose announced purpose is "to create
public opinion for disarmament and the abolition of
military bases and to strengthen the UN's ability to
guarantee social, economic and political rights".
Carl Bonnevie heads the organizing committee. He
was a delegate to the WPC Stockholm conference in
July where he was called "out of tune with the mood
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-O 1
of the conference" when he tried to protest against
the execution of Nagy. Some of the organizations
supporting the Oslo conference are Communist-
infiltrated.
14. CONFERENCE OF AFRO-ASIAN WRITERS, Tashkent,
1-5 October 1958. (See also II-A-lb)
An international writers conference has been a
cherished objective of the WPC since 1951, with
Soviet literary figures active in the Peace Movement
playing a leading role in its promotion. The Asian
Writers' Conference held in New Delhi in December
1956 was a step toward the realization of this WPC
ambition. Non-Communist writers present at the New
Delhi conference prevented that group from forming
a permanent organization as its organizers had in-
tended doing; they also prevented the scheduling of a
second meeting of the group. However, immediately
after the conference closed, it was announced that
the Afro-Asian writers had accepted a Soviet invita-
tion to hold a second conference in Tashkent, USSR.
The project was brought up again at the Cairo meet-
ing of the Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee in Decem-
ber 1957. A preparatory meeting for the conference
was held in Moscow in June 1958 to which representa-
tives came only from China, India, Japan, the UAR,
and the USSR. This meeting decided to invite writers
from Algeria, Afghanistan, Burma, the Cameroons,
Ceylon, China, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan,
Mongolia, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Thailand,
Tunisia, Turkey, the UAR, and USSR. European,
American, and Australian writers were to be invited
as observers. An Afro-Asian preparatory committee
has been set up in Tashkent.
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15. CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLES OF LATIN AMERICA,
Buenos .Aires, 4-7 December 1958.
The date and venue of this conference was decided
upon at the Buenos Aires Congress of General Dis-
Armament, International Cooperation and National
Sovereignty in May 1958. It was also announced in a
resolution of that Congress that "the objectives and
principles of the conference would be similar to
those that inspired the Buenos Aires conference in
.
May
16. CONFERENCE OF THE AFRO-ASIAN PEOPLES'
SOLIDARITY COUNCIL, Bangkok, December 1958.
The Thai Government has reportedly given permis-
sion to the Thai Committee for Afro-Asian Solidarity
to invite the Afro Asian Peoples' Solidarity Council
to hold its second conference in Bangkok. The head
of the sponsoring Thai organization was elected to
the WPC Council at the Stockholm Conference in
July 1958. An annual conference is mandatory in the
statutes of the organization, which was organized
under its present name last year in Cairo -- although
there had been Asian Solidarity meetings prior to
that date.
17. CONGRESS OF EUROPEAN INTELLECTUALS
AGAINST ATOMIC ARMAMENTS, late 1958.
This Congress -- not directly organized by but of
interest to the WPC -- was to unite a new group of
European intellectuals which has been in the process
of organization in Germany, France, and Switzerland.
Among them are Bertrand Russell, Jean Paul Sartre,
and many other non-Communists, but the leadership,
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especially among the Germans, is bitterly anti-
American in sentiment and the announced objectives
follow the Soviet line. The Federal Council of
Switzerland decided to prohibit the meeting in Basel
as originally planned, thereby causing a flood of
protests to the Swiss Government by leftist news-
papers and individuals in England,France, Germany
and other European countries. It was announced
that the meeting will be held later this year in either
Britain or Germany.
1. Meeting of European Countries on the German
Question, approved by the European Peace Commit-
tees and coordinated by WPC. Planned but not
announced. To be held in Europe.
2. Conference for Defense of Culture to coincide with
next conference of the Organization of American
States; planned by Latin American CP's.
3. Balkan Conference. Tentative effort was made to
persuade the Yugoslav Peace Committee to initiate
this conference. Although invited to resume affilia-
tion with the WPC, the Yugoslav Committee so far
has refused. (It was expelled from the WPC at the
time of Tito's break with the USSR.) A suggestion to
hold this conference was repeated at the Bulgarian
National Peace Congress in June 1958. The proposed
meeting would discuss (a) the development of friendly
relations among Balkan nations; (b) the advantages of
signing a pact calling for non-aggression and respect
for sovereign rights of nations; and (c) ending all
nuclear tests.
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4. International Conference of Musicians. Plans for this
conference admit it is preliminary to formation of an
international Organization of Musicians for Peace
along the lines of the British affiliate, Musicians for
Peace. A much-discussed project that actually has
never been scheduled.
5. International Conference of Composers. A type of
conference that is held annually in the USSR. It was
suggested that each of these two conferences for
musicians should first "take place within the frame-
work of one of the international musicians' organiza-
tions already in existence or with its support."
6. International Writers Conference. A project dating
from 1951 and still discussed in meetings and
correspondence.
C. PROGRAM .DEVELOPMENTS
1. Extension of Anti-Atomic Bomb Committees (and
anti-nuclear tests campaigns).
These committees started in Japan and are becoming
widespread, especially in Holland, Belgium and
England. A campaign against nuclear tests initiated
by Bertrand Russell (and continued by Linus Pauling
in the US) is extensively used in WPC propaganda. It
is claimed that this campaign was inspired by Albert
Schweitzer.
National peace committees were instructed to main-
tain and increase the flood of resolutions, statements,
protests, appeals and telegrams to the United Nations
Organization against tests of nuclear weapons. The
WPC (and IIP) is producing a series of booklets
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containing statements by scientists and material
purporting to inform about the dangers of atomic
fall-out from tests. It also produces articles and
other material on the subject which can be repro-
duced easily by the national committees.
2. Campaign Against Construction of Rocket Bases in
Europe.
This campaign is highly organized in France, Italy,
and the Baltic area.
3. Campaign on "Baltic Sea of Peace".
a. Cruise around Baltic countries in July 1958,
b. "Baltic Peace Week", 6-12 July 1958,
c. National Peace Conference, Denmark, May 1958.
The purpose was to maintain and extend the sentiment
for neutrality in this region, to demilitarize and
neutralize the eight Baltic states.
4. Campaign for "European Security".
Increased opposition to NATO, EURATOM, Common
Market, German rearmament.
5. Cultural Campaign.
There is greatly increased attention to this campaign
the purpose of which was announced to be "cultural ex-
changes between East and West, progress towards giv-
ing an international character to the great internation-
al cultural organizations whether of a governmental
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nature, like UNESCO, or not--for meetings,
conferences, exchange of visits of scientists, art-
ists, technicians, students, theatrical companies,
films, publications, works of art... for stimulating
joint ventures with cultural circles and intellectuals
of various viewpoints.... it
6. Celebration of Cultural Anniversaries.
This furnishes a theme for meetings. Of special
interest is a plan for celebrating the 150th
anniversary of the birth of Darwin and the 100th
anniversary in 1959 of the publication of his On the
Origin of Species which "inaugurated a new era for
the development of the philosophy of materialism".
It will also be the 150th anniversary of the publica-
tion of Zoological Philosophy by Lamarck, the "father
of biological evolution". The Polish Academy of
Science, in a letter to the WPC, suggested that 1959
be the Year of Darwin and Lamarck, although the
Linnean Society of England is planning to celebrate
the Darwin anniversary in 1958 because :Darwin
published a draft of his theory of natural selection
in their journal in 1858.
Cultural anniversaries to be celebrated in 1958
include
KUAN Han Ching - Chinese dramatist, 700th
anniversary as a dramatist
Saadi - Iranian poet, 700th anniversary of the
appearance of his Garden of Roses (Gulistan)
OGATA Kohran - Japanese painter, 300th anniversary
of his birth
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Selma Lagerlof - Swedish writer, 100th anniversary
of her birth
Honore Daumier - French painter, 100th anniversary
of his birth on February 26th
Evangelista Torri Celli - Italian physician, 15 0th
anniversary of his birth on October 15th
John Milton - English poet, 350th anniversary of his
birth on December 9th.
7. Visits of Peace Delegations.
These are greatly stepped up -- not only to the USSR
but between various countries.
"Vacations" involve cruises, tours, etc. They are
developed by circulating letters or by notices in
organs of a professional group -- teachers, musici-
ans, etc. -- advising them to apply to the national
peace committee. The useful list thus obtained is
a base for contacts. Only a few "outsiders" are
chosen for the vacation at the expense of the host
country's peace committee -- the rest of the vacation
group is chosen from hard workers in the Peace
Movement.
Although this has been an active project for years,
it was reiterated at Colombo in June 1957 that the
next WPC meeting would "examine the practical
application of setting up a World Peace Fund."
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In considering the activity of the WPC during 1958, some
mention should be made of the comparative dispersal of
the WPC Secretariat or headquarters. Its organizational
dissolution in Vienna in February 1957 has not seemed to
interfere too :much in its activities. No information has
been made known concerning a new headquarters location;
therefore, it may be that this dispersal has actually been
used to implement plans made in 1956 for decentraliza-
tion of the organization into regional bodies which would
be concerned with the problems of the various areas as
well as with the general WPC propaganda themes. It
appears that the work is being carried on as follows:
1. The Vienna headquarters is still active at the same
address with a reduced number of the same people
but "reorganized" under the title of International
Institute of Peace. The Organization. Committee for
the WPC conference at Stockholm was openly set up
in Vienna. James Endicott (Canada), the President
of the "new" organization, is at the same time a
Vice President of the WPC and seems to do much of
the traveling for the group. Jean Lafitte was re-
placed in Vienna as Secretary by Fernand Vigne.
Valentin Sorokin and Vincent Duncan-Jones remain
there while Pandit Narain Malviya, Professors von
Bonsdorf and Heinrich Brandweiner have been. added
to the staff. (Probably Brandweiner was added to
overcome the Austrian authorities' objection that the
WPC was an organization of foreigners. )
A'farewell party" was given by the Vienna staff for
Jean Lafitte in July 1956 and his name was not on the
list of secretaries published after the Colombo
Council meeting in June 1957 although he attended
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that meeting and also the Bureau meeting in Stock-
holm in October 1957. His exact position is not
clear at this time. Fernand Vigne was named WPC
Secretary General at Stockholm in July 1958, thus
openly linking the WPC and IIP Secretariats.
Alfredo Varela, head of WPC cultural activities,
left Vienna with his family to return to Argentina.
Jorge Zalamea reportedly was to return to his home
in Colombia and from there work towards reviving
the Peace Movement in Latin America. However,
he is still in Vienna. Prince SAIONJI also finished
his term of service on the Vienna staff and has
become the Deputy Chairman of the Liaison Bureau
for the Asian and Pacific Regions, in Peking.
Frederic Joliot-Curie maintained a "cabinet du
president" or secretariat in Paris from 1955 until
his death in August 1958; this carried on much of
the WPC work.
2. Isabelle Blume, who was added to the list of WPC
Vice Presidents at the Colombo meeting, has
become much more active in the Belgian Peace
Council and is evidently working out of Brussels.
She, too, does much traveling for the WPC.
3. A Preparatory Committee for the Colombo WPC
Session was set up in the Communist Party build-
ing in Helsinki in the spring of 1957 with personnel
from the Vienna headquarters. This Committee
returned to Helsinki after the Colombo session
and apparently some of its members are working
there as a permanent regional section.
4. An Economic Commission was organized in the IIP-WPC
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headquarters at a meeting held there 26-27 April
1958 under the presidency of Professor Dobretsberger
of Austria. Isabelle Blume, Valentin Sorokin, Jorge
Zalamea and SATO Shigeo of the Secretariat took
part in the discussions. Other participants at the
meeting were economists from Hungary, India, the
USSR, Italy, Britain, France and the WFTU. In
presenting the reason for organizing this Commis-
sion, which appears to be a permanent addition,
Professor Dobretsberger spoke along the following
lines:
The armament race raises many problems in
many countries although no study gives an
exact picture of the facts of profits by arms
manufacture, the inflation caused by the arms
race, loss of revenue for social reforms and
education, etc. It would be well to present the
consequences of the arms race on the economies
of the various countries, including the non-
European countries and colonial countries. If
we propose an end to the arms race, it will
cause fear in economic circles that conversion
of arms manufacture to peace production will
cause a crisis because investments will lose
value. We must draft a work plan on how to go
about making such a study and on how to publish
it. Such a study is particularly important for
the underdeveloped countries. We can ask the
national peace committees to tell us, on the
basis of their knowledge of the local situations,
what great projects could be realized by the
release of resources now being used for
military ends.
The WPC is noticeably increasing its economic
propaganda in line with the Soviet economic offensive.
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For the first time in its history a Peace Council
body (the IIP in Vienna) has announced a system of
membership dues. An ordinary member may belong
to the UP for 50 Austrian schillings a year ($2 - 10
rupees - 10 Swiss francs). The announcement states
that "a provision is also made in the Articles of
Association for groups, organizations or individuals
to be accepted as extraordinary members". Mem-
bers have the right to take part in General Meetings,
and to elect the Executive Board. The announcement
also solicited subscriptions to IIP publications as
follows: Subscription to the "Gray" and "Blue"
series (which are good-sized booklets on the dangers
of atomic fall-out and other propaganda subjects), at
least one of which in each series will be published
each month, is $3 annually or 25c a copy. For IIP
members a special inclusive subscription to all the
publications is 150 Austrian schillings a year for
Austrians, $8 for those outside Austria, postage
paid. These prices barely cover the postage.
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II. AFRO-ASIAN SOLIDARITY COUNCIL
The formal creation of the Afro-Asian Solidarity Council and
Secretariat (AASCS) at the conference held in Cairo in Decem-
ber 1957 was the first step toward the emergence of a new
major front organization. However, virtually no significant
steps to activate the organization took place prior to May 1958,
beyond the prompt designation of the Soviet member of the
Secretariat Abd-al-Ghaffar Rashidov. All other activity was
carried out by the Egyptian group led by Yusuf al-Sibai, the
Secretary General. With the arrival of the Chinese secretary,
YANG Shou, in early May international participation in the
Secretariat's work was accelerated. As of mid-1958 steps
taken to convene various Afro-Asian gatherings under the
sponsorship of the Afro-Asian Solidarity organization, with
Soviet bloc participation in .each organizational effort, support
the conclusion that the body is rapidly becoming a dominated
international front of major importance.
Aside from officially sponsoring or endorsing international
front meetings, the Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee also
lends its support to various related conferences.
A.
ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
1. Officially Sponsored or Endorsed.
a.
Asian-African Film Festival,
Tashkent,
ZO August-3 September 1958.
AASCS endorsement assumed.
b.
CONFERENCE OF AFRO-ASIAN WRITERS,
Tashkent, 1-5 October 1958.
Sponsored by Soviet Union of Writers.
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Preparatory Committee meeting held in
Moscow in June 1958; an additional meeting
in preparation was convened at the Stockholm
Peace Conference in July 1958 (see I-A-9
and 14).
C. INTERNATIONAL PREPARATORY COMMITTEE
MEETING FOR THE AFRO-ASIAN YOUTH AND
STUDENT CONFERENCE, Cairo, October 1958.
(Also WFDY and IUS supported.)
(See III-A-2-b(2))
d. AFRO-ASIAN ECONOMIC CONFERENCE, Cairo,
8-11 December 1958. To be held in compliance
with recommendations of the Conference of the
Federation of Arab Chambers of Commerce
(Ca.iro, November 1957) and the Afro-Asian
Solidarity Conference (Cairo, December 1.957).
Preparatory committee convened in Cairo,
16 August, with representation from Ghana,
Tunisia, Sudan, Communist China, Japan,
Indonesia, India, Iraq, and the United Arab
Republic.
e. AFRO-ASIAN YOUTH AND STUDENT
CONFERENCE, Cairo, 2-15 February 1959.
(See III-A-2-b(3))
2. Indirectly Backed and Related Activity.
a. Symposium on Student Activities for Peace,
Tokyo, August 1958.
Sponsored by the International Union of Students
and its Japanese affiliate, Zengakuren; may
have had African participation.
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b. Festival of African Youth, Bamako, 6-12
September 1958.
Sponsored by (French West Africa) Council
of African Youth, whose Senegalese affiliate
is also a WFDY affiliate. Youth and student
organizations of all political colorations are
invited and expected to attend. (See III-A-2c(2))
A conference of African trade unions, youth
organizations, political parties and other bodies
has also been proposed by the Union General
des Travailleurs de l'Afrique Noir (UGTAN),
to be held at Bamako during this same time.
It is to make preparations for the formation of
an African Constitutive Assembly, to plan the
future political organization of independent
Black Africa.
c. International Labor Conference in Support of
Arab Liberation, Cairo, September 1958.
To be convened by the Arab Confederation
of Trade Unions (not yet confirmed).
d. Arab Popular Conference, place not designated,
September 1958 (not yet confirmed).
Individuals involved in the group which proposed
this gathering were previously active in earlier
Arab People's Conferences. No reports of
preparatory work available. Previous Arab
People's Congresses (1953, 1955, and 1956)
were sponsored by leading Arab members of the
World Peace Council, including key Arab
Communists, and together with the New Delhi
Asian Conference of April 1955 served as
forerunners of Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee
activities.
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e. All-African People's Conference, Accra,
December 1958.
To be a non-governmental conference of
African political parties and nationalist
movements. Sponsored by 36 political,
trade union, and social bodies in Africa,
and presumably supported by the Conventions
People's Party of Ghana. Fifty organizations
from more than 20 African countries have
been invited to attend.
1. Afro-Asian Women's Conference, Cairo, late 1959.
(See IV-B-3)
Apparently being organized by or with the support
of the Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee in
compliance with its December 1957 Conference
resolutions on women and child welfare. Repre-
sentatives from India, Communist China, the
UAR, and the Cameroons met in Cairo in August
1958 to prepare for this conference.
2. Formation of Afro-Asian Federation of Women to
be undertaken by the AASCS when feasible.
3. Afro-Asian Conference of Trade Unions and
Cooperatives. Being planned by AASCS.
Endorsed by WFTU.
4. Formation of permanent body for medical and
social services for Afro-Asian countries to be
organized by AASCS, Cairo.
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5. Formation of new Afro-Asian organization for
artists, historians, educators, lawyers, doctors,
and scientists.
6. Formation of permanent Afro-Asian Economic
Committee, to be organized by Afro-Asian
governments in conjunction with AASCS.
7. Formation of Afro-Asian University, sponsored
by AASCS.
8. Afro-Asian Annual Prize for Culture, advocated
by AASCS.
C. ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
Though the designation of secretaries for the Afro-Asian
Solidarity Committee gathered momentum in mid-1958, the
Secretariat is still far from being completely staffed or
operative. A conference of the Afro-Asian People's
Solidarity Council to be held in Bangkok in December
1958 has been announced in Thailand. To date, however,
there has been no independent indication that this
gathering has been called by the Secretariat in Cairo.
The constitution of the Council does in fact call for an
annual meeting and the first anniversary of the
organization falls in December 1958.
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III. WORLD FEDERATION OF DEMOCRATIC
YOUTH (WFDY) AND INTERNATIONAL
UNION OF STUDENTS (IUS)
A. WFDY AND IUS ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
1. USSR and Bloc
a. Meetings of Official Bodies of the WFDY and
the IUS.
(1) IUS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING,
Leipzig, 6-11 January 1958.
Attended by more than 50 delegates and
observers from 26 countries. Agenda items
included the Fifth IUS Congress and the
1958 IUS Program. The Executive Committee
approved a resolution supporting the Afro-
Asian Peoples' Solidarity Conference
(Cairo, 26 December 1957 - 1 January 1958)
and calling on IUS affiliates to support
the implementation of the Conference's
decisions concerning youth.
(2) WFDY Executive Committee Meeting,
Budapest, 12-15 February 1958.
Attended by over 50 delegates and observers
from 35 countries, as well as the IUS. Agenda
items included preparations for the Seventh
World Youth Festival in 1959 and relations
with Afro-Asian youth. The WFDY also
adopted a resolution in support of the
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decisions of the Cairo Afro-Asian
Conference and its proposal to organize
an Afro-Asian Youth Conference (now
scheduled for February 1959 in Cairo).
(3) FIFTH CONGRESS OF THE IUS,
Peking, 4-13 September 1958.
Non-member student organizations were
invited to send representatives. Latin
American participants may be invited to
attend the International Preparatory
Committee Meetings for Afro-Asian
Youth and Student Conference in Cairo
in October in furtherance of IUS efforts
to stress similarities between Afro-Asian
and Latin American problems. All
participants will be invited to remain for
two or three weeks' visit in China as
guests of the All-China Students Federation.
Note: The Fourth IUS Congress was attended
by 650 students from 65 countries, including
189 observers from non-member organi-
zations in 22 countries. In early reports of
the Fifth Congress' opening, IUS claims
"nearly half of the participants are not
IUS members and some of the countries
are represented at an IUS congress for the
first time. "
b. WFDY-IUS Youth-Leader Training Activities.
Youth leaders attending this kind of meeting receive
valuable advice and guidance on how best to
implement WFDY-IUS specialized programs in
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their respective countries. At the same
time the youth leaders provide the WFDY and
IUS with useful and concrete suggestions for
programs for important target groups.
(1) WFDY Conference of European Children's
Organizations, WFDY Headquarters,
Budapest, 15-16 January 1958.
Representatives of thirteen countries drafted
a comprehensive program-of-action for
WFDY work among children's organizations,
which the WFDY Executive Committee
approved in February. This is the second
meeting of special groups of youth leaders
held at WFDY Headquarters. The first
was held in mid-December 1957 for youth
travel experts, who formulated an
important youth tourist travel program
for WFDY.
(2) IUS Conference of Student Sports Leaders,
Sofia, scheduled for April 1958, no
information whether held.
(3) WFDY International Seminar for Youth
Sports Leaders, Neseber and Sofia,
2-16 July 1958.
By invitation only. An important agenda
item concerned organization of national
sports competitions and other events
in honor of the 1960 Olympics. Ostensibly
non-political sports activities have afforded
the WFDY and IUS one of their most effective
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means of establishing contact with non-
Communist youth and bona fide sports
organizations.
(4) WFDY International Seminar on Problems
of the Professional Training of Youth,
Prague, 3-11 August 1958.
Details not yet available. Working youth
is an important target group, not only for
the WFDY but also for the WFTU, whose
most important undertaking in 1958 was
the WFTU World Conference of Young
Workers (Prague, 14-20 July 1958).
(See V-A-2) In fact a special eight-
member Organizing Committee, including
representatives of both WFTU and WFDY
affiliates, worked at WFTU Headquarters
in Prague in preparation for the WFT U
Conference, which was also WFDY-supported.
As a result, the WFDY Seminar may have
included participants who attended the WFTU
Conference or WFTU Headquarters repre-
sentatives concerned with working youth
problems.
(5) IUS International Meeting of Travel Experts,
Warsaw, late October 1958.
c. Special Events Co-sponsored by the WFDY and
IUS.
In organizing or supporting activities for
specialized groups or on special topics, the WFDY
and IUS are primarily concerned with their
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propaganda value and ultimate impact,
rather than the influence that can be exerted
on the relatively few participants. These
specialized events provide useful vehicles
for depicting WFDY and/or the IUS as
"non-partisan" organizations concerned with
helping special groups find solutions to their
problems or to realize their aspirations.
Considerable publicity is, therefore, given
seminars, conferences, camps, etc. , both
before and after, in furtherance of this
objective.
(1)
International Seminar of Youth and Students
on "The Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
and Youth", Moscow, 1-8 August 1958.
Supported by WFDY and IUS and organized
by their Soviet affiliates. "Scores of
students and postgraduates from 27 countries"
reportedly attended. Among other topics,
the Seminar discussed "harm done by
radiation, necessity of suspending tests of
thermonuclear weapons and removal of the
danger of atomic war". "Application forms"
for this seminar contained so many
questions about the academic training of the
applicants in this sensitive field that they
were, in effect, intelligence questionnaires.
(2) International Conference on Social and
Economic Problems of Students and Work
of Student Organizations in This Field,
Cracow, Poland, 16-22 August 1958.
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Organized by the Polish Student Association
and supported by the IUS and WFDY. About
80 foreign students were expected, whose
participation at the Fifth IUS Congress
(Peking, 4-13 September 1958) was sought.
Most West European National Student Unions
boycotted this Conference.
d. IUS Seminars for Specialized Groups of Students.
The IUS is sponsoring eight international seminars
during 1958 for students of Architecture, Law,
German and Russian; for students from Baltic
Countries; for student editors; and also seminars
on automation and on the peaceful solution of the
German problem. Although most of these
seminars took place during the summer, reports
thereon are not yet available. However, such
seminars usually last about one week, are
attended by about 50 foreign students (some of
whom may be studying in the Soviet bloc) and
include lectures by prominent Soviet bloc experts.
Four of the seminars have been or will be held
in East Germany, two in the USSR, one in
Bulgaria and one in Rumania.
e. WFDY-IUS Tourism, Sports and Holiday Camp
Activities .
During 1958 there has been a noticeable increase
in the international tourist programs organized by
WFDY-IUS Soviet bloc affiliates with WFDY-IUS
support. During the summer of 1958 alone, WFDY
hoped to involve some 80, 000-100, 000 young
tourists in such travel (the majority of which may
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be intra-Bloc). Among the most important
WFDY-IUS tourist activities are the
International Youth and Student Tourist Camp
and International Hikers' Rally that were
scheduled to be held in the USSR sometime
during the summer, organized by WFDY-IUS
Soviet affiliates. (Although planned for more
than a year, little or no recent information
has been received about the current status of
these events.) The tourism program, however,
also includes tours of the USSR by youth
delegations from Asian and African countries,
organized trips on the Danube from the Black
Forest to the Black Sea; various bilateral
exchanges of youth tourist groups with Soviet
bloc countries for varying periods, including
year-round exchanges of youth tourist groups
in East Germany for two-week periods. In
addition to the organized activity in each
Soviet bloc country for such groups, the
following formal meetings for young tourists
were scheduled for the summer: Meeting of
Young European Tourists in Poland, July
1958, and a Young Tourists Meeting in East
Germany in late August 1958. Reports are
not yet available on any of these activities.
Five international sports activities have been
or will be held by the WFDY and the IUS
during 1958 in the Soviet bloc, including winter
and summer sports camps and seminars, world
chess championships and international sports
competitions. Two will be held in Bulgaria, one
in Czechoslovakia, one in East Germany and
one in Poland. Of these, the "First International
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Friendly Forces Sports Meeting" reportedly
scheduled to be held in Leipzig, 20-28
September 1958, is of particular significance.
It may be the first international preparatory
meeting for the "International Friendly
Youth Games" which have, in the past, been
held during the last three World Youth
Festivals as part of their sports events.
To secure the greatest possible unity-of-action
with non-member organizations in the Free
World in respect to organization and
participation in such sports events, the WFDY
may again try to create the illusion that these
"Games" are being organized by a "broadly
representative" International Preparatory
Committee.
During the summer of 1958 over 21 international
summer camps for youth and students have
been held in the Soviet bloc, each lasting
about two weeks, attended by about 60 to
70 foreign participants, and organized by
the WFDY-IUS affiliates with WFDY and IUS
support. Details not yet known. Judging
from similar events held in the past, their
programs of cultural and sports activities
and excursions probably also included
"guided" discussions under the guise of
free exchange of opinions and information
about youth and student life in each country
and proposals for follow-up activity to
improve international youth and student
cooperation and friendship. Important
Soviet bloc personalities also may have
"dropped in" to visit and discuss problems
with the participants.
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f. Summer Cam for Baltic Youth, East Germany,
July-August 1958.
Sponsors: WFDY and IUS, with East German
affiliates. Details not yet known. Special
Preparatory Commission established during
Moscow Festival's "Meeting of Youth of the
Baltic Countries", to work out a program for
collaboration and exchanges. Note: May be
part of the special "Baltic Sea Week" (East
Germany, 5-13 July 1958) sponsored by the
East German Governrr;ent with support of
East German affiliates of international fronts,
to counteract NATO plans in the Baltic area.
(See I-C-3 and I-A-9 above)
WFDY-IUS International Work Camps.
Five international work camps for youth
and/or students have been or will be held
during 1958: Two in East Germany, each
attended by 150 student workers; two in
Poland; and one in the USSR under the
joint sponsorship of the WFDY-IUS, and the
International Voluntary Service (more
commonly known by its French title, Service
Civil International).
h. National Congresses of WFDY-IUS Affiliates.
During the course of 1958 virtually all WFDY-IUS
affiliates throughout the world will have had
meetings of their official bodies. These
meetings usually include representatives from
the WFDY, IUS and their affiliates, and provide
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a useful means for periodic contacts with
key people in these organizations and for
coordination of line and action. Within
the Soviet bloc, important examples are the
three: Congresses that were held in April
1958: the Thirteenth KOMSOMOL Congress
in Moscow, the All-China Youth Congress
in Peking, and the All-German Workers
Youth Congress in Erfurt, East Germany.
Eighty representatives from 37 countries,
and from the WFDY and the IUS, attended
the KOMSOMOL Congress, while representa-
tives from the WFTU, WFDY and over 6
countries were expected to attend the All-
Gerxnan Workers Youth Congress.
2. Near East, Africa and the Far East
During 1958 the IUS will have co-sponsored or
supported four international student seminars.
Two will be closely controlled by the IUS:
one for medical students (Calcutta, India) and
one on the students' peace struggle (Tokyo,
August 1958). Two are "supported" by the
IUS, but the exact status of control by, or
involvement of the IUS in the seminar on
student organizational problems and
activities (scheduled originally for June 1958
in Khartoum., Sudan) is not yet known, while a
seminar against illiteracy (Rabat, Morocco,
December 1958) is sponsored by the National
Union of Moroccan Students, UNEM, which is
affiliated with both non-Communist COSEC and
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ItJS. UNEM has, in fact, sought support
for this seminar from both. Reports are not
yet available on these events. The Tokyo
"Symposium", organized on the occasion of
the Fourth World Conference Against Atomic
and Hydrogen Bombs, was expected to be
supported by the WFDY as well as the IUS and
thus broadened to include youth as a whole.
b. WFDY-IUS Afro-Asian Activities
(See also Section II)
Implementing the decisions of the Cairo Afro-
Asian Peoples' Solidarity Conference regarding
youth and student affairs and exploiting the
"Bandung Spirit" for mutual cooperation, the
following important activities have been or
are scheduled to be held in these areas during
1958:
(1)
Conference of African and Asian Youth,
Cairo, 28 April 1958.
Organized by Eritrean youth in Cairo, the
conference exposed "imperialist plots in
Eritrea and East Africa" and opposed weapons
bases in this area. (Information about WFDY's
role in this conference is not yet available.)
(2) INTERNATIONAL PREPARATORY COMMITTEE
MEETING FOR THE AFRO-ASIAN YOUTH
CONFERENCE, Cairo, October 1958.
(WFDY and IUS supported)
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Purpose: To approve final plans for the
conference.
The Permanent Secretariat of the Afro-
Asian People's Solidarity Council is
cooperating with the Egyptian Supreme
Council of Youth Welfare and Physical
Education in the organizational arrange-
ments. Agenda: To include a local rally
of United Arab Republic Youth from both
Syria and Egypt, as well as a special
program to acquaint participants with the
"projects of the revolution" and to include
visits to Port Said, Damascus and Cairo.
(3) AFRO-ASIAN YOUTH AND STUDENT
CONFERENCE, Cairo, 2-15 February
1959.
Originally scheduled for October and
"late 1958". Fully supported by the
WFDY and IUS.
c. Independently Organized Activities Endorsed
and Supported by WF
Meetings such as those described below are
considered by WFDY and IUS as important
"b:ridges" enabling them to make contact with
leaders of non-member organizations in target
areas and as a means of publicizing the
apparent congruity of WFDY-IUS policies and
programs with those of bona fide youth and
student organizations in order to promote
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(1)
their cooperation and joint action on matters
of mutual interest or common concern.
Second Congress of the Gathering of
Democratic Youth of Africa (RJDA),
Senegal, 5-6 April 1958.
RJDA (WFDY-affiliated) invited
representatives of youth organizations
from Africa and other countries.
(2) FESTIVAL OF AFRICAN YOUTH, Bamako,
French Sudan, F. W.A., 6-12 September
1958. (See also II-A-2-b)
Sponsor: Council of African Youth (CJA),
a confederation of students, sports, political
and cultural youth organizations in eight
F. W . A. territories that are affiliated
either directly or through their territorial,
federated youth councils. The CJA is not
WFDY -affiliated. Among its affiliates
are at least two federated youth councils
(Dahomey and Ivory Coast) that belong to the
non-Communist World Assembly of Youth
and at least one affiliate (the RJDA in
Senegal)--and possibly others--that
belong to the WFDY. The CJA's Secretary-
General, Youssof Diop, attended the
March 1958 Stockholm Meeting of the
International Preparatory Committee
for the Seventh World Youth Festival and
was a member of its Presidium. The CJA
Secretary in charge of external relations,
Alioune Badara Payes, is a member of
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the WFDY Executive Committee, and the
CJA has a representative on the "Permanent
Commission" that is working in Vienna
on organizational preparations for the
Seventh World Youth Festival. However,
the CJA' s Vice President, Ambrose
Agbotan of Dahomey, is also Vice Presi-
dent of the World Assembly of Youth.
About 1, 500 participants were expected,
representing national and international
African youth and student organizations of
all political colorations, including some
"overseas" groups in Europe. Invitees,
therefore, include not only the WFDY and
the. IUS, but also the World Assembly of
Youth, World University Service, and the
Coordinating Secretariat of the National
Unions of Students. The CJA requested
each of the French West. African
Governments to support this Festival.
(3) IUS International Study Tour of Egyptian
Ancient Historical Relics, Egypt,
December 1958.
3. Western Europe
a. PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES FOR THE
SEVENTH WORLD YOUTH FESTIVAL,
Vienna., 26 July-4 August 1959. (See also
III-D-5 below)
The WFDY and IUS have decided to hold their
Seventh Festival in Vienna, 26 July-4 August 1959.
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It is significant that for the first time the
WFDY and IUS have begun organizational
preparations so soon after the last festival.
Formal "international preparations" for the
Seventh began in December 1957, or some
eighteen months before the Festival, whereas
similar preparations for the Sixth began
in August 1956, only a year bef ore the
event. In view of the fact that the Festival
will be held in Vienna (for the first time
in the Free World), it will last only 9
instead of.14 days, and will be half as large
as the Moscow Festival (about 17, 000
foreign delegates from 124 countries, instead
of 34, 000 from 131 countries). There will,
however, be little or no substantial change
in the character or scope of the Festival's
activities, although the number of some
events may be reduced, such as student
seminars. As part of the student program,
the IUS? has announced plans to organize
an "International Conference of Students
on the Democratization of Education. if
Compared with the Moscow Festival,
participation from Free Europe and the
Soviet bloc is expected to be less than
half as large; participation from Africa and
the Middle East, about the same; and
participation from Asia, Latin America and
North America, a little larger.
Organizational preparations are in the hands
of a "permanent Commission" working in
Vienna, which is controlled by WFDY-IUS
Headquarters officials and also includes
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S :-ate _XL
individuals (most of whom have been active
in Communist front activity for some time)
from the following countries: Africa (Council
of African Youth), United Arab Republic, Argentina,
Austria, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ceylon,
China, Czechoslovakia, France, East and West
Germany, Great Britain, Greece;, India, Italy,
Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Republic of
Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, and USSR.
The Permanent Commission recently allocated
(by country and region) the total number of
participants desired. A comparison of these
regional allocations for the Vienna Festival
(summarized in the paragraph immediately above)
with regional participation at the Moscow
Festival indicates that an effort is being made
to maintain control over the Festival. This is
to be achieved, however, without exposing
large groups of Soviet bloc youth to the
impact of the Free World or curtailing the
Festival's impact on, or participation of,
young people from the prime target areas of
the Free World.
Further control can also be exercised by the
Festival's sponsors over the actual participants
from, each country in the following ways: (a)
defraying the travel expenses of those they
wish to attend, purportedly out of World
Festival Funds contributed by controlled
National Festival Committees and WFDY-IUS
affiliates and (b) denying similar travel grants
to others in whom they have no particular
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interest or would prefer not to have present.
This would, of course, not prevent the
controlled National Festival Committees
and WFDY-IUS affiliates from ensuring
that trusted functionaries and key target
individuals receive local financial assistance.
By holding the Festival in Vienna the spon-
sors are faced with certain obvious problems
of financing: (a) the lack of State-supplied
facilities and free "voluntary" labor fur-
nished by the Soviet bloc in the past, and
.(b) the problem of disguising large-scale
official Soviet bloc financing. With regard
to the latter, the sponsors have publicized
various fund-raising schemes by which they
purportedly hope to raise the necessary
funds to finance the Festival and which, in
turn, could be used to conceal official Soviet
bloc funding.
The primary justification for holding the
Festival in Vienna must be the desire of the
sponsors to "legitimatize" it and increase
its impact on Free World youth. Various
events may be included that are purportedly
tied to UNESCO's East-West Major Project.
Inclusion of such activities are for the
primary purpose of "proving" WFDY and
IUS support of UNESCO in order to regain
consultative status with that body. In fact,
the sponsors have even solicited UNESCO
for financial support.
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The following international preparatory
meetings for the Seventh Festival have been
scheduled thus far for 1958 (the first such
meeting was held in Vienna in mid-December
1957):
(1)
Constitutive Meeting of the International
Preparatory Committee (IPC) for the
Seventh Festival, Stockholm, 24-27
March 1958.
Participants: 130 from 54 countries,
including representatives of WFDY, IUS,
WFTU, World Union of Jewish Students,
Federation of Black African Students in
France.
(2) IPC Meeting, Vienna, 23-24 June 1958.
(3) Meeting of Financial Experts, probably
Vienna, during either Spring or Summer
1958.
Aims: To help Permanent Commission solve
financial problems of the Seventh Festival.
(4) Transport Conference, probably Vienna,
Summer 1958.
Aim: To coordinate time-tables and routes,
means of transport, etc. , for Festival
participants.
b. WFDY-IUS Activities for Specialized Groups.
Four international meetings for special groups
of youth and students and on special topics are
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J L'~~Sl~`
to be held in Western Europe in 1958-1959.
Three are sponsored by WFDY and WFDY
affiliates, and one by the IUS. One is an
international conference on child education
and the remaining three are international
seminars for agricultural students, for
leaders of children's and adolescents'
movements, and for editors of the European
youth press.
c. WFDY-IUS Holiday Camps and Youth Tourist
Activities.
During 1958 the WFDY and its affiliates plan to
hold in western Europe over 18 international
camps for youth and students, including two
international sports camps, an international
camp in France for Moscow Festival
participants, and twelve one-week camps on
the Belgian coast for foreign youth groups
visiting the Brussels Fair during June, July
and August. The two-week IUS Third
International Student Ski Camp, which was
held in France in January-February 1958,
was attended by 80 participants from 22
countries and was visited by a 13-member
Soviet delegation of students and professors.
Formal and informal political discussion
groups constituted a daily part of the program,
focused on international student activities and
proposals for maintaining friendly relations.
WFDY-sponsored youth-tourist activities for
1958 include: (a) very inexpensive one-week
package visits of the Brussels Fair for
foreign youth groups during June, July and
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August, followed by special one-week camps
on-the Belgian coast; (b) a cultural study
trip in France and year-round "youth trips"
at Cannes; and (c) three Finnish-East
German youth exchanges, each lasting two
weeks and consisting of 150 participants.
(1) National Congresses of WFDY Affiliates
As indicated previously in III-A-1-h,
practically all of the affiliated youth
organizations of the WFDY hold annual
congresses or meetings of their governing
bodies which are attended by the WFDY
and representatives of some other WFDY
affiliates. They enable key people in
these organizations to meet periodically
and coordinate line and action. An
important example is the Fifth Congress
of the Finnish Democratic Youth League
which was held in Helsinki, 4 .April 1958.
In addition to the 500 Finnish delegates,
observers from the WFDY and guests from
ten countries attended, two of whom
(Georgi Vasev of Bulgaria and Vasile Florea
of Rumania) had attended the IPC Meeting
for the Seventh Festival in Stockholm in
March 1958. The agenda included
"international activity and organizational work",
and preparations for the Seventh Festival and
other WFDY events were probably important
discussion topics.
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(2) Friendship Week of Soviet and Finnish
Youth, Finland and the USSR, 6-13
April 1958.
WFDY-supported.
The WFDY has announced its intention to sponsor
or support the following four activities in Latin
America sometime during 1958: (a) A Conference
of Latin American Youth, either in Mexico or
Brazil; (b) Seminar on Agricultural Techniques,
in mid-1958; (c) Study Meeting for Girls from Chile;
and (d) Study Meeting for Girls from Argentina.
5. WFDY-IUS Annual World-Wide Celebrations.
The following "Days" or "Weeks" are celebrated
annually by the WFDY-IUS and their affiliates
throughout the world and are occasions for varying
degrees of local and national agitation and propaganda
activity, as well as fund-raising activity in some
instances. Considerable propaganda materials are
specially prepared for these occasions not only
by the WFDY and IUS but also by many of their
affiliates, and they are widely distributed among the
youth and student community. Some of the local
celebrations may be mass events attended by
several hundred or even several thousand young
people, including WFDY-IUS representatives and
foreign students.
a. Jointly-celebrated WFDY-IUS Annual Events
(1) 21 February: "Day of Solidarity with Youth
and Students Fighting Against Colonialism. "
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(2) 14 April: "International Day of Aid to
Spanish Youth. "
(3)
24 April: "World Youth Day of Anti-
Colonialism and Peaceful Coexistence"--
the anniversary of the Bandung Conference
was celebrated for the first time in 1958
by the WFDY and IUS. Affiliates were asked to
support an "International Collection Campaign
for Youth of Algiers" on this date. (This
is to be celebrated annually hereafter.)
b. Annual Events Celebrated only by the IUS
(1) 10-17 November: "International Students Week"
(2) 17 November: "International Students Day"
Note: IUS affiliates traditionally collect funds for
various IUS student relief projects during this
time.
c. WFDY World Youth Week, 21-28 March
Note: This year the WFDY declared 30 March
1958 as "Day of Solidarity with the Algerian
People", and WFDY affiliates were particularly
asked to contribute to an "international collection
campaign for Algerian youth". It is not yet
known whether this day is to be celebrated
annually hereafter.
1. International Youth Conference Against Nuclear
Weapons, place undesignated, September 1958.
(WFDY-sponsored)
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No reports have been received of any preparations
for this event. It may be identical with the Tokyo
"Symposium" supported by the WFDY. (See III-A-
2-a)
2. WFDY Youth Delegations' Visits scheduled for 1958.
a. A Canadian National Youth Delegation is to visit
China in September 1958. (WFDY-supported)
b. WFDY-sponsored International Youth Delega-
tions to visit the USSR, Hungary, Mongolia,
Egypt and Syria (United Arab Republic); the
Sudan and Lebanon; and Ghana, Nigeria (West
Africa), Tunisia and Morocco.
(Note: Other details not yet available. However,
this implements a decision adopted by the WFDY
Congress in August 1957 for "more and longer
trips" of WFDY representatives to different
countries. A Japanese Youth Delegation also
went to Europe during April and May 1958,
under WFDY sponsorship. The WFDY also
expects "at least 200 youth delegations" to
visit the USSR during 1958. )
3. International Sports Competitions in Honor of the
Olympic Games, 1958-mid-1960.
To be organized on the local, regional, national and
international levels ostensibly by "youth sports organi-
zations", but actually sponsored by WFDY and affiliated
groups. A WFDY "International Camp" will be held in
Rome during the Olympic Games (Summer 1960) to pro-
vide cheap accommodations for "thousands of young
people".
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4. Student Games in the USSR, summer 1958.
Sponsor: "Burevestnik", the first Student Sport
Society in the USSR, founded during the past year,
having a claimed membership of over 500, 000
students in 700 higher schools. (IUS-supported)
These Games are reportedly planned as a rehearsal
for the World University Summer Games, which,
in turn, are to be held in Italy in 1959 under the
co-sponsorship of non-Communist FISU (Federation
International de Sport Universitaire) and its Italian
affiliate. The IUS is "supporting" these Games and
may be expected to defray travel expenses of some
delegates.
5. WFDY?-Sponsored Specialized European Regional
Activities, proposed for 1958, places and exact
dates not given.
Conferences for Young Intellectuals andArtists, for
Youth Press Editors and for Youth Leaders.
6. WFDY?-Sponsored Latin American Regional Activities,
proposed for 1958, places and dates not given.
Include a Youth Conference, a Folklore Festival
and a meeting of young poets and writers.
7. WFDY Conference or Seminar of Countries
Bordering with Sudan to Exchange Experiences, 1958.
(Other details are not yet known.)
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8. WFDY Seminar for Heads of Children's Organizations,
Finland, 1959.
Plans for this meeting were probably made at the,
"International Seminar on Children's and Adolescents'
Movements" in Brussels, 16-21 June 1958. Both
seminars are to be "open to all interested in the
education of children".
C. WFDY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
Generally speaking, the WFDY program is aimed at
securing the broadest and strongest unity of action
with non-member youth and youth organizations (i. e. ,
"united fronts from above and below") in the Free
World, especially in the target areas, on the basis of
their common interests, occupations and problems, and
in ostensibly non-partisan, specialized, regional
activities. This program is also aimed at generating
and sustaining a high level of activity--either in
preparation for, or in publicizing and implementing the
results of the many events--among WFDY affiliates,
not only locally and nationally, but regionally and
internationally. Striking a reasonable and "objective"
tone, the WFDY tries to convince non-Communist
youth that (a) their different. political viewpoints will
be respected and heard; (b) they can limit their
participation and/or support as narrowly as they desire
in each event; and (c) they should concentrate not on
that which separates, but on that which unites them in
order to achieve mutually desired objectives.
WFDY's program places increased importance on the
following factors in order to increase its potential
for organizing and influencing Free World Youth:
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1. Training and creating large WFDY cadres of
functional youth leader specialists both formally,
in highly specialized training courses on WFDY
scholarships, and informally, in varied and
numerous youth-leader training seminars and
camps.
For example, formal one-to three-month training
courses on "agronomy and mechanization of
agriculture" are to be organized by the WFDY,
together with its affiliates, for rural youth leaders
awarded WFDY scholarships. It is believed that this
formal cadre training will probably take place
in the Soviet bloc and that the bulk of the WFDY
scholarships- -which are to be awarded by the
International Solidarity Fund Commission through
local WFDY affiliates--will be given to young
Asians, Africans and Latin Americans who are,
or have the potential of becoming, energetic and
trusted youth leaders in their specialized fields
and in their areas. In line with the increased
importance given to such target groups as young
sportsmen, young workers, girls, tourists and,
for the :first time, children and young adolescents,
informal youth-leader seminar training has become
more highly specialized. For example, special
training programs are envisaged for each branch
of sport, for young workers by trade, for peasant
girls by region, etc. (See III-A-1-b)
2. More frequent and extended travel to target areas
not only by WFDY representatives but also of
WFDY-sponsored regional or international
delegations of specialized youth leaders.
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This permits WFDY representatives to meet
local leaders; ascertain their needs and problems
(thus permitting WFDY to tailor its propaganda
assistance and programs to local conditions);
provide "on-the-spot" guidance in solving
organizational problems and executing WFDY
programs; and stimulate, support and coordinate
more national and regional activity, particularly
on the part of non-member organizations. Such
activities are considered particularly useful
since they serve as a "bridge" and draw bona
fide groups into desired contact with WFDY.
Such travel also permits specialized youth
leaders on "study trips" to "exchange experiences"
with their counterparts in other countries and
to learn from them how common problems were
successfully handled, etc. For example, "study
trips" are planned for Latin American youth
leaders to visit Asia and Europe, for Afro-Asian
youth leaders to visit the USSR, for rural
youth leaders and Latin American girls to visit
various undesignated countries, and for leaders
of children's organizations.
3. More concrete guidance, material, financial and
technical assistance of all types.
For example, the WFDY has offered to assist
youth organizations in the target areas to build
much-needed youth hostels, rest homes, sports
and cultural clubs, etc. , and to provide the
necessary equipment. It has also offered to
help non-member groups publish their own organs
and to provide relief funds to victims of natural
disasters.
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4. More varied activities designed to appeal to and
attract the participation of young people in-the.
various functional target groups, both locally
and regionally.
a. More regional seminars on social, political
or economic problems of these specialized
groups, i. e. , on problems which lend
themselves to discussion in anti-Western
and pro-Soviet terms and could engender
anti-Western, or at least neutralist, sentiment
among the participants.
b. More ostensibly non-political cultural,
recreational, athletic, travel and tourist
activities. Such activities have received
greater emphasis than ever before and are
considered especially valuable in making
initial contact with bona fide elements.
c. Bilateral and multilateral activities of all sorts
and of a highly specialized character (exchanges
of delegations, publications, correspondence,
tape recordings, films, stamps, song albums,
etc.). All WFDY affiliates have been urged to
expand and strengthen as much as possible their
contacts with similar types of non-member
youth organizations in other countries.
"At least 200 youth delegations" are expected
to visit the USSR alone during 1958. Of
particular significance is the great stress
placed on exchange of correspondence with
former participants at Festivals, Meetings,
etc. In fact, some fronts are setting up
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special translation services to encourage
correspondence exchanges. This could
develop into a useful spotting and intelligence-
gathering mechanism for Soviet bloc intelli-
gence services.
5. Increasing the number of specialized publications
and propaganda materials for special groups, as
well as improving the caliber of existing WFDY
publications and expanding their circulation.
Among the various types of new publications
envisaged by the WFDY Congress directives in
August 1957 are the following:
a. Directories of all national and international
youth journals and of the various exchange
programs sponsored nationally or inter-
nationally, informing the reader where to
write for more information.
b. Periodicals: Three new bulletins to be
published regularly for
(1)
(2)
(3)
children's and adolescents' organizations
Asian, African and Latin American youth
organizations, focusing world attention on
their problems while serving as an exchange
of information medium;
all youth organizations, to familiarize them
with the work of the WFDY and its various
specialized departments, as well as with the
activity, special problems and unique solutions
to them of local and national youth groups.
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c. Special publications: A special series of
booklets dealing with the living and working
conditions of young people in Latin America,
in Africa and in Asia, as well as two special
pamphlets. One is to deal with the life of
Italian and French girls; the other is to
publicize all international exchange, tourism
and travel activities of the WFDY and its
affiliates.
d. Seventh World Youth Festival propaganda: A
wide variety of special materials are to be
published, including the IPC newspaper, Festival,
in Arabic, English, French, German, Norwegian
and Spanish in a total of 32, 000 copies. (The
first issue of Festival appeared in June 1958 and
it will be published more frequently as the event
draws closer. )
All existing publications are to improve their format
and contents so that they can be more easily read and
appeal to the special target groups in the target areas.
More space, for example, is to be given in World
Youth not only to regional activity, but to problems
and matters of interest to young workers, rural youth,
young girls, etc.
The WFDY is also making a concerted effort to gain
more World Youth Correspondents" throughout the
world. In September 1956 the WFDY claimed to have
had more than 80 such correspondents in 23 countries,
and more have been acquired since then. The value of
information provided by such correspondents--in many
cases, specifically directed--is not only useful to the
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WFDY for its propaganda dissemination but may,
in some instances, also be of use to Soviet bloc
intelligence organizations.
6. More intensive efforts to elicit unity-of-action
with international non-Communist youth organizations
such as the World Assembly of Youth, the Inter-
national Union of Socialist Youth, International
Federation of Young Christian Workers, etc. It
is not expected that these organizations will accept
WFDY's current "proposals of cooperation" since
they have rejected similar proposals extended by
the WFDY in the past. However, WFDY has been
able to co-sponsor some international voluntary
work camps with the International Voluntary Service
(more commonly known by its French title, Service
Civil International-SCI). (See III-A-1-g) The SCI
is a member of the Coordination Committee for
International Voluntary Work Camps set up by
UNESCO and has Register status with both the UN
ECOSOC and UNESCO.
7. Intensive drive to gain recognition by the UN or its
Specialized Agencies.
In May 1958 the Executive Board of UNESCO recom-
mended that WFDY's latest application for consultative
status be rejected by the General Conference of UNESCO
when it convenes in November 1958. At its Congress in
August 1957, the WFDY instructed its affiliates to do
everything possible to demonstrate WFDY support of
UNESCO, particularly UNESCO's Major East-West
Project, and of the UN. As a result, WFDY's subse-
quent publications, propaganda materials and reports
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of its meetings are replete with avowals of
WFDY's alleged "support", which will probably
be submitted as documentary "proof" of WFDY's
good faith and eligibility for status.
D. WFDY ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
1. Reorganization of WFDY Headquarters, Budapest.
The WFDY, at its Fourth Congress (Kiev, August
1957), called for considerable reorganization of the
various component units of its Headquarters in
Budapest in order more effectively to implement
WFDY's greatly expanded and diversified program
of action. This program places increased emphasis
on regional and specialized activities for young people
in the same functional field, or with the same interests
or problems, as the most effective way of achieving
the broadest and strongest unity of action with non-
member young persons and youth organizations in the
Free World, particularly in the target areas of Asia,
Africa and Latin America. As a result, WFDY called
for the following Headquarters changes to be made,
most of which are believed to have been put into effect:
a. Replacement of the WFDY Liaison Bureau with
Regional Commissions (e. g. Asian and African,
European, Latin American, etc.) that are
directly responsible to the Secretariat. This
upgrades the importance of each and may involve
a larger staff to carry out their increased
responsibilities. The Latin American Commission,
for example, was ordered to pay more attention to
the problems of youth in the West Indies.
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b. Creation of "Permanent Commissions" for
International Exchanges, Travel and Tourism
to permit more specialized assistance to be
given to efforts initiated by WFDY affiliates
to implement WFDY's greatly increased pro-
grams in these fields. This would include not
only the broadest bilateral and multilateral
exchanges (of persons, publications, correspond-
ence, films, etc.) but also "cultural and artistic
initiatives" (e. g. seminars, exhibitions,
competitions, etc.), particularly among Afro-
Asian youth.
c. Establishment of a Children's Bureau in 1958,
directly under the Secretariat, to extend WFDY's
work and influence among children's and adoles-
cents' organizations. The Bureau's program of
action is to be formulated by a "Standing Commis-
sion for Work Among Children" which is to meet
once a year under the direction of the WFDY
Secretariat and is to be composed of representatives
of all children's organizations affiliated with WFDY.
The Bureau's work will include editing special
publications for children, organizing varied
activities (children's festivals, seminars, camps)
and exchanges of all types (delegations, correspond-
ence, materials, etc. ).
d. Formation of a new "Working Youth" Unit to
implement WFDY's important and expanded
program for this group, which includes
organizing "seminars and courses on questions
of working youth and apprentices and on questions
of automation, " as well as developing contacts with
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all organizations concerned. This probably
entails an expansion and upgrading of the
"Rights of Youth Commission", as well as
closer coordination with WFTU.
e. The Commission for Girls was directed to
become "more active in accomplishing its
work" and strengthening WFDY's contacts
with WIDF and girls' organizations. Here-
tofore, only one or two persons worked
part-time for this Commission. It will
probably now be staffed by permanent, full-
time employees.
f. An Increase in training functions which prob-
ably will result in the expansion of the Sports
Bureau and the Rural Youth Subcommission.
The WFDY Executive Committee ordered the
Sports Bureau to help "in the formation of
trainers in the different fields of sports, !' to
help organize sports leader training seminars
for each branch of sport, and to furnish the
necessary sports equipment and training films.
For rural youth activities, see III-C-l above.
Establishment of an International Solidarity
Fund Commission (ISFC) to have WFDY cadres
trained for each specialized field on WFDY
scholarships; to indoctrinate and organize
underdeveloped youth through the guise of
technical assistance and provision of sorely
needed facilities and equipment of all types;
to finance study trips for youth leaders in all
specialized fields; and to give relief funds to
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victims of natural disasters. The ISFC was
created by the WFDY Executive Committee
in mid-February 1958 as an "autonomous
section" of the WFDY, with its own statutes,
its own program of action and its own perma-
nent members, consisting of the WFDY
President, First Vice Presidents, Secretary
General and Assistant Secretary General,
Treasurer, and Secretaries.
Unconditional aid will reportedly be given upon
request wherever possible by the ISFC, even
to youth organizations not affiliated with the
WFDY. This aid will, however, be given through
the intermediary of local WFDY affiliates, thereby
bringing the non-member groups into WFDY's
sphere of influence.
The International Solidarity Fund is purportedly
to be financed by regular contributions from
WFDY affiliates and individuals, by special WFDY
fund-raising campaigns (stamp sales, lotteries,
etc.) and by voluntary gifts from unaffiliated youth
organizations.
It should, however, be noted that while this Commis-
sion is new and much of the assistance it is to
render also new-and of great significance, there is
nothing new about the International Solidarity Fund
(ISF) itself. It has, in fact, been reliably reported
that the ISF is the cover name for the covert, foreign
currency budget of the WFDY. Its secret funds
have been primarily derived from annual assessments
levied on each WFDY Soviet bloc affiliate, above and
beyond annual membership-dues payments. These
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annual assessments have varied from year to
year, depending on the total size and character
of WFDY's activities and operations, and have,
of course, been larger during Festival years
because of the tremendous cost of such events.
(The Sixth World Youth Festival in Moscow,
August 1957, is estimated to have cost from
$100 million to over $200 million, with $150
million being the most generally accepted
estimate.) In the past, worldwide collections
for this Fund have furnished only a small part
of its total budget, though a variety of fund-
raising techniques were employed by WFDY
affiliates (lotteries,, raffles, bazaars, stamp
sales, dances, etc.'). It is, therefore, expected
that this annual levy on WFDY bloc affiliates
will continue to be the source for the bulk of
the International Solidarity Fund.
h. Expansion of the "World Youth" Editorial
Board: In line with the increased importance
of Asia and Africa as target areas, the Fourth
WFDY Congress (August 1957) recommended
that the Secretariat add journalists from Asia
and Africa to the World Youth Editorial Board
and that WFDY affiliates appoint World Youth
correspondents to facilitate receipt of information
for the magazine. An Indian (Sukhendu Majumder)
was appointed Chief Editor of World Youth in
January 1958, replacing a Frenchman, and bi-
monthly publication of the Arabic edition of World
Youth recommenced during 1958. A Senegalese
(Lo Cheik Bara, Assistant Secretary General of
WFDY) and a Jordanian (Ibrahim Khraishi) were
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reportedly added to the World Youth
Editorial Board in mid-1958. Majumder
and Bara are frequently used as travelling
representatives by the WFDY. In fact,
Majumder officially represented the WFDY
at the Cairo Afro-Asian People's Solidarity
Conference in late December 1957.
2. WFDY Executive Committee Members Elected b
the Fourth WFDY Congress (August 1957).
The following election results reflect the increased
importance of Asia, Africa and Latin America as
target areas and indicate the importance of retaining
WFDY control in the hands of trusted Communist
functionaries:
a. Of the 59 seats on the Executive Committee (29
of which constitute the WFDY Bureau and the
remaining 30 ordinary Executive Committee
members), 29 seats were allocated to Asia,
Africa and Latin America; 14 seats to the Soviet
bloc; 13 seats to Free Europe; 2 to North.America;
and 1 to Australia.
b. Of the 11 key Secretariat posts requiring residency
at WFDY Headquarters in Budapest, only three
persons were elected to office for the first time,
six persons were re-elected and two Secretary
slots were left vacant to be filled by Syrian and
Canadian WFDY affiliates.
(1) The three newcomers to the Secretariat were
as follows:
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General Secretary: Christian Echard,
a member of the French Communist
Party and of the National Bureau of the
Union of Communist Youth of France,
replaced Jacques Denis, the French
Communist functionary who had held
this key post since 1945. Denis, how-
ever, continues to be a member of the
Executive Committee and to take an
active interest in WFDY affairs.
Assistant General Secretary: Lo Cheik
Bara, Senegalese, is the first person to
be appointed to this position, which was
specially created in August 1957. He is
reliably reported to have worked for
WFDY in 1956, both at Headquarters and
as a sort of travelling WFDY representative
in Africa,
Secretary: Sukhendu Majumder (Secretary-
General of the Communist All-India Students
Federation), who was made Chief Editor of
World Youth in January 1958.
(2) The six key officials re-elected to the
Secretariat are
WFDY President: Bruno Bernini, a functionary
of the Italian Communist Youth Federation who
has been WFDY President since 1953 and
slavishly follows the Soviet line;
Treasurer: Tamas Lorincz, a functionary
of the Hungarian Communist Youth Union
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(3)
who has been in charge of WFDY's
financial and administrative matters
since 1956;
Secretaries: Valentin Vdovin, the
Soviet who has covertly controlled
WFDY since 1955 and prior to that
the IUS from 1952 to 1954;
HO Hsi -chap, a functionary of the All-
China Federation of Democratic Youth,
who has worked for WFDY as a Secretary
since 1956;
Werner Lamberz, East German Commu-
nist youth functionary who has worked at
WFDY Headquarters since late 1955; and
Orlando Gomez, Secretary of the Brazilian
Union of Communist Youth, who has worked
for WFDY as a Secretary since 1955.
Four "First Vice President" slots were
created by the WFDY Congress in August
1957, to which a Chilean, Indonesian,
Sudanese and a Soviet were elected. Only
the Sudanese (Mahmoud Babiker Gaafar, aka
Jaf'ar) had not previously served as a member
of the WFDY Executive Committee.
(4) Of the following two WFDY Vice Presidents
only Panigrahi had never before been a
member of the WFDY Executive Committee:
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(5)
--Chintamoni M. Panigrahi (Indian Member
of Parliament and President of the WFDY-
affiliated Democratic Youth League of Utkal);
--Vincenzo Balsamo was appointed by the
Italian Socialist Party's (PSI) Youth Move-
ment to fill the seat left vacant for this
purpose by the Congress. Balsamo is a
Secretary of the PSI Youth Movement, as
well as a key figure in the Permanent
Commission of the International Preparatory
Committee for the Seventh World Youth
Festival. He has been a pro-Communist
member of the PSI Directorate and during
August 1954-1955 was a member of the WFDY
Executive Committee.
Of the other seven Vice Presidents, three were
re-elected Executive Committee Members
from Communist China, Czechoslovakia and
Finland, while four seats were left vacant to
be filled by the USA and WFDY affiliates in
Mexico, Great Britain and Poland.
Edgar Poncelet (National Secretary of the WFDY-
affiliated People's Youth of Belgium) was re-
elected Chairman of the WFDY Audit Committee,
while four seats on this Committee were left to
be filled by WFDY affiliates in Albania, Lebanon,
Mexico and Mongolia.
3. WFDY Membership Data
a. WFDY Membership Claims, 1957-1958:
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Since its foundation in November 1945, the
WFDY claims to have grown from 30 million
members in 63 countries to over 85 million
members in more than 200 affiliates in 97
countries today. It specifically claims to
have secured the affiliation of the following
organizations since its Third Congress in
August 1953:
Western Europe: 15 organizations in 11
countries (Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Denmark, France,
Greece, Great Britain,
Iceland, Portugal, Norway
and San Marino)
Canada: 4 organizations
Latin America: 13 organizations in 7 countries
(Argentina, Caribbean,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico,
Trinidad and Uruguay)
Asia and Africa: 36 organizations in 21 countries
(Chad, Dahomey, Ghana, French
Guinea, India, Iran, Ivory Coast,
Japan, Madagascar, Middle
Congo, Morocco, Nepal, French
Nigeria, Pakistan, Reunion,
French Sudan, Republic of Sudan,
South Africa, Togoland, Ubangi-
Chari, and Tunisia)
Soviet Bloc: 5 organizations from North Korea,
Poland and Rumania
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Oceania: 1 organization in Australia.
The WFDY now claims to have 94 affiliates in
Asia and Africa with a combined membership
of some 35 million young people. (It is assumed
that Communist China, North Korea and North
Vietnam are included in this claim.) However,
proof of WFDY's increased influence in these
target areas are WFDY's claims that of the 73
organizations which purportedly joined the WFDY
since 1953, 36 were Asian and African groups,
and that over "140 of the most important Asian
and African youth organizations were present
at the Fourth WFDY Congress and have continued
to develop valuable contacts and cooperation...
with the WFDY".
b. The National Federation of Technical Students of
Mexico (FNET) disaffiliated from the Mexican
Confederation of Youth (CJM) and, therefore, also
from the WFDY.
4. WFDY Finances
a. The WFDY is reported to have sent to one of its
Communist affiliates in an underdeveloped area
funds for use in supporting local university stu-
dent strike activity. A local Communist Party
functionary who had visited the Soviet bloc
brought back this money in U. S. currency.
b. According to the overt report made by the Audit
Committee to the WFDY Congress in August 1957,
International Solidarity Fund collections were
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used in the past for the purpose of starting the
construction of a school in the Sudan; donating
outpatients' clinics to the youth of India and
Egypt; and distributing equipment of various
types among WFDY affiliates in the "colonial"
countries .
5. Seventh World Youth Festival Financing
a. Money needed for use by the International
Preparatory Committee (IPC) and its Perma-
nent Commission for consultative trips and
organizational arrangements is reportedly to
be advanced by all Festival Preparatory
Committees and WFDY and IUS affiliates, in
amounts designated by the Permanent Commis-
sion. The first assessment was due in April;
the second in November 1958 and the third in
March 1959.
b. The salaries of the national representatives
working on the Permanent Commission are to
be paid by whatever national WFDY-IUS affiliate
or Festival Committee sends them to Vienna.
Only the salaries of the technical staff and the
costs of administration and organization of the
Festival will purportedly be borne by the IPC.
In the past WFDY Headquarters officials and
staff members have moved virtually intact to
the Festival site several months in advance to
make the necessary on-the-spot preparations.
They naturally held the key jobs in all the
commissions and directed the activities of the
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various "national representatives" sent to
work on the Permanent Commission.
c. World Festival Fund: National Preparatory
Committees and affiliates of the WFDY and
IUS are asked to contribute more heavily than
in the past to the fund to defray travelling
expenses of delegates from colonial and under-
developed areas.
It is expected that contributions to the Seventh
World Festival Fund will probably also constitute
only a portion of the total amount needed for
travel of participants from "colonial and under-
developed areas. " In this connection, the WFDY
Executive Committee publicly reported in mid-
February 1958 that only $227, 000 was contributed
to the Sixth World Festival Fund; that of this, only
$60, 000 was contributed from Latin America,
whereas $932, 000 was needed for Latin American
delegates' travel alone; and that the same was
true for Asia and Africa.
d. The Permanent Commission will also try to raise
the necessary funds by special lotteries, sale of
tickets to the general public for special events,
sale of badges, etc. , and by contributions from
youth, trade union, cultural and sports organiza-
tions.
The IPC is even requesting financial assistance for
the Festival from the UN and its Specialized Agencies.
However, in view of the fact that the UNESCO
Executive Board rejected the latest applications for
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consultative status of the WFDY and the IUS
in May 1958, such assistance will probably
not be given.
E. IUS PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
1. Indoctrination and Training of Students
a. Scholarships for Study in the Soviet bloc
Every year thousands of scholarships are
awarded to foreign students -- particularly
those from target areas -- for study at Sino-
Soviet bloc universities and technical schools.
While only a small portion of these are
awarded by the IUS or its affiliates, the IUS,
WFDY and/or their Bloc affiliates maintain
contact with these students and engage them
in organizational activity that contributes to
their pro-Soviet indoctrination and at the same
time helps them learn how to implement WFDY-
IUS programs of action on their return home.
Some of the students are employed part time or
on an ad hoc basis by the WFDY or IUS (if
studying in Budapest or Prague, respectively)
as translators, interpreters, broadcasters,
contributors to their publications, etc. Such
employment affords these students an opportunity
to meet and work with top specialists at these
headquarters and serves as a period of on-the-
job training, providing them with important and
useful "know-how" that will make them more
effective organizational leaders on their return.
More formal training may also be given some of
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these foreign scholarship holders by WFDY-IUS
affiliates in the Bloc, e. g. , KOMSOMOL training
courses, or by the IUS. It should, of course,
be noted that such WFDY-IUS "contact" with
foreign students studying in the Soviet bloc may
be of particular importance in "spotting" likely
prospects for Soviet subversive activity, particu-
larly since the majority are studying law or the
sciences. Finally, some foreign students may
have been awarded Soviet bloc scholarships merely
as cover to disguise either their full-time employ-
ment at the headquarters of an international Com-
munist front or some clandestine training.
(1) IUS Scholarships
The increase in IUS scholarships froth 60 in
1956 to 153 during 1957-1958, and the IUS
Executive Committee's recent announcement
that "approximately the same number of
scholarships" will be awarded during the
coming year, indicate that they serve a
useful function in helping the IUS extend its
influence among students in the target areas.
IUS scholarships are awarded to students
selected by IUS affiliates. As a result,
applicants, most of whom are studying law
or the various sciences, are drawn into
contact with the IUS affiliate. The number
of such applicants greatly exceeds the number
of IUS scholarships being awarded in each
country. In India, for example, about 100
students applied for the few granted in 1956,
following "an official advertisement by.the
Calcutta University Registrar". IUS affiliates
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can consequently select students they
believe can be of maximum service to
the International Communist Movement.
They might even recommend that Soviet
bloc scholarships be given to certain
applicants, either by IUS bloc affiliates
or by the Governments themselves.
The utilization of these IUS scholarships
as organizational weapons in the target
areas is apparent from the following
regional breakdown of the "nationalities of
the students awarded the 65 IUS scholarships
for undergraduate study in Soviet bloc
universities during 1958.
Asia (including the Middle East): Cyprus,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Nepal,
Arab Palestine and Tunisia.
Africa: Algei-ia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Sudan, and Tchad.
Latin America: Ecuador and Haiti.
NOTE: The IUS was planning to provide more
IUS scholarships for Ecuadoran students in
1958, particularly to athletes.
(2) Scholarships Awarded by IUS Soviet Bloc
Affiliates
At its Executive Committee meeting in January
1958, the IUS called on its affiliates "to give
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postgraduate scholarships to students from
Africa, Asia and Latin America, in view of
the great need in these countries for
technical and specialized personnel".
In March 1958 the IUS reported that the
following scholarships were being awarded
by IUS affiliates to students from target
areas:
East German IUS affiliate: 5 scholarships
for Algerian students and 10 for Iraqi students.
The General Union of Algerian Moslem Students
(UGEMA) was reportedly offered 100-ZOO
,scholarships by East Germany, but the UGEMA
leadership is believed reluctant to accept these
in toto.
USSR IUS Affiliate: 10 scholarships to Afro-
Asian students from Algeria, Cyprus, Ethiopia,
Iraq, Jordan, Nepal and Tunisia.
b. IUS Sanatorium for Asian and African Students in
Pekin
IUS publications contain numerous references to
organized IUS activity on the part of student patients
at this Sanatorium. Varying forms and degrees of
ideological indoctrination and training may be given.
Only minimal cases of tuberculosis (which will
respond favorably to treatment within about three
months) are accepted; therefore the patients return
fairly soon to university life in their respective
countries. Moreover, the period of hospitalization
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coupled with political organizational activity
may provide an ideal method of spotting likely
recruits. Psychologically, such patients may
be more amenable to providing some sort of
"service" to their hosts on their return home
in gratitude for the restoration of their health.
Such service could range from helping to
organize fellow students in support of IUS
activities and pro-Soviet political objectives
or being utilized by Soviet bloc intelligence
services for clandestine activity. Finally,
some hospitalization at the Sanatorium may
even be used as cover for clandestine training.
According to an IUS report of December 1957,
some 1, 060 student patients from nine Asian
countries (India, Indonesia, Iraq, Nepal, and
Pakistan from the Free World and China, North
Korea, Mongolia and North Vietnam from the
Bloc) were treated during the first three years
of the Sanatorium's existence, 874 of whom
returned to normal university life; and 200
student patients from eight Asian and African
countries were then under treatment. Indian
students appear to be a particularly important
target group since fifty beds are allocated to
them and, not surprisingly, the patients are
selected by the IUS-affiliated Students Health
Home in Calcutta.
c. Valuable advice and guidance is also given to
student leaders
(1) by IUS representatives and officials during
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(2)
more frequent and more prolonged travel
to target areas;
at IUS leader-training seminars and camps,
which are usually organized along regional
lines for highly specialized sectors of the
student community; and
(:3) at IUS Headquarters in Prague.
There has been a noticeable increase in all three
methods, particularly the last. In fact, the IUS
announced that "a stream of visitors" came to
IUS Headquarters in Prague after the IUS Executive
Committee meeting (Leipzig, 6-1l January 1958) in
order "to discuss special problems concerning their
organizations and relations with the IUS Secretariat".
The IUS has been placing increased emphasis on all types
of financial, technical and material assistance, both by
itself and its affiliates, as a means of organizing and
indoctrinating student groups in target areas. The following
examples of such assistance will indicate its scope and
variety:
a. IUS Sanatorium for Asian and African Students in
Peking
No reports are available as to the total amount the
IUS contributes annually for the operation of this
Sanatorium, which is heavily subsidized by the CPR
Government through the IUS.-affiliated All-China
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Students Federation. There is, however, an
"IUS Sanatorium Fund" which is to defray the
travel expenses of Asian and African student
patients to the Peking Sanatorium, purportedly
from worldwide contributions.
b. In 1957 the IUS sent a relatively large check to
its trusted activists in one of the underdeveloped
countries for their use in subsidizing regional
tours of student leaders for the purpose of per-
suading student groups in their own and neighboring
countries to affiliate or cooperate with the IUS.
c. Student Relief Projects
(1)
A fully-equipped chemistry laboratory for
50 persons, valued at $30, 000 (U. S.) --
purportedly paid for by East German student
contributions and proceeds from "voluntary
work brigades"-- is to be given to Khartoum
University through the IUS and COSEC-
affiliated Khartoum University Student Union.
The East German IUS affiliate is to send a
team of four students and university assistants
to help install this laboratory, which is expected
to take several months. The inclusion of
technically-trained student organizers on this
team could result in a considerable extension
of IUS and pro-Soviet influence among Sudanese
students.
(2) The Students Health Home in Calcutta is one of
the more important IUS Relief Projects. In
1957 alone IUS and affiliates contributed $4, 000
to it. Other forms of IUS assistance to this
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(3)
project have been medical supplies and
equipment, diagnostic and therapeutic
equipment, etc.
Assistance to the IUS-affiliated General
Union of Tunisian Students (which is both
IUS and COSEC -affiliated) in establishing
a "Student Health Center's which would
offer medical service to Tunisian students,
and equipping a student canteen.
(4) The donation of (a) a complete dental clinic
to the Brazilian State Union of Students of
Bahia, (b) a medical dispensary at Quito
University, as well as medical and dental
supplies needed to treat the students; and
(c) medical supplies and equipment to a
medical school in Bolivia.
d. IUS has also offered financial assistance to member
and non-member student organizations to (1)
organize national and regional meetings, (2) defray
travel expenses to IUS activities, and (3) help
such organizations publish their own student organs.
3. IUS Propaganda
a. Generally speaking, support of the Soviet peace
offensive and the championing of national liberation
and anti-colonial movements constitute the major
propaganda effort of both the IUS and the WFDY.
The IUS is publishing considerably more propaganda
materials specially tailored to exploit the specific
grievances, problems and aspirations of students
not only in the target areas but also those studying
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overseas, as well as to appeal to the varying
interests of the specialized groups of students
throughout the world. For example, during
the past year the IUS has published and widely
disseminated special pamphlets (1) documenting
the effects of colonialism on students in Algeria,
Cyprus, Madagascar, Black Africa and Guadeloupe,
(2) on the Japanese anti-atom bomb movement,
(3) on the 1956 Bandung Asian - African Students
Conference and the Resolutions of the Second Latin
American Students Conference, seeking thereby to
associate itself with such important, non-IUS-
sponsored regional events, (4) about special IUS
activities and Student Relief Projects; and (5)
even an "International Student Songbook". The IUS
claims to have produced about 60 publications during
.the past two years.
Effort is being made to make existing publications
more attractive and interesting to students from
the target areas. In this connection, for example,
the Spanish edition of World Student News (WSN)
is being revamped so that one-third of each issue
is to consist of a special Latin American section.
Regular publication of the Arabic edition of WSN
was expected to resume by late 1957, and there is
to be an increased publication of IUS propaganda
materials in Arabic. (This was specifically requested
of the IUS Executive Committee by Arab student
organizations in January 1958,) Regular publication
of the German edition of WSN has also been resumed
while the Italian and Norwegian editions have been
discontinued. Instead, a larger number of French
and English editions of WSN are being published and
sent to Italy and Scandinavia.
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c. The IUS also reportedly exchanges publications
with the Editorial Boards of 150 student publica-
tions of 49 countries; to some of these publica-
tions it also sends articles, information and
photos.
d. It should be noted that virtually all regular IUS
publications are increasingly pushing pen-pal
correspondence exchanges, as well as other
types of specialized exchanges between individuals
or organizations.
e. IUS Correspondents and Subscription Agents
The IUS has also been waging its most intensive
effort to date to increase circulation and to gain
correspondents for its various specialized publica-
tions. To achieve the former, the IUS is trying
to secure one thousand new reader-subscription
agents, each of whom would act as a voluntary,
unpaid subscription agent to collect a minimum of
ten WSN subscriptions. To achieve the latter, the
IUS is sending "Press Cards" and "International
Student Identity Cards" (which also permit the holder
a 30% - 50% reduction in railway fares in the Soviet
bloc), as well as offering an annual prize of a trip
abroad to the best correspondent to report to the
WSN.
As early as mid-1956 the IUS announced its desire
to "have a network of correspondents covering every
university centre in the world". Since then, the IUS
has intensified its efforts to gain regular and photo
correspondents in the target areas not only for the
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World Student News but also for its other
specialized academic publications, particularly
in Latin America. Special effort is being
made to get correspondents for Young Film
(IUS quarterly) from every film school in every
country. The intelligence implications of such
networks of correspondents among students in
virtually every field and in every country are
obvious. In fact, there has been a noticeable
increase in the number of questionnaires sent
out by the IUS - - and the WFDY - - during the
past year, answers to which may be of interest
to the Soviet bloc intelligence services.
F. IUS ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
1. IUS Executive Committee Members and Headquarters
Officials
a. A new slate of IUS Executive Committee members
will be elected by the IUS in September 1958 at its
Fifth Congress in Peking. According to precedent,
the Vice Presidents, as well as a few specially
designated Secretaries, are usually resident in
Prague and work at IUS Headquarters, heading
some department or bureau.
b. Alexei Oborotov replaced Evgenii Bugrov in mid-
1958 as the new Head of the Press and Information
Department of the IUS, and it is expected that he
will continue to hold this office for some time.
Oborotov is reported to be a graduate student of
engineering of the Moscow Power Institute. After
working for three years at IUS Headquarters,
Bugrov returned to the Soviet Union to take up the
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key post of President of the Student Council
of the Committee of Youth Organizations of
the USSR, to which he was elected.
c. In view of the strenuous efforts the IUS is
making to strengthen and broaden the base
of its support in the target areas of Asia,
Africa and Latin America, it is expected that
even more representatives from these areas
will be elected to office and/or employed by
the IUS in some other official capacity (i.e.
either as an officer, staff member or clerical
employee at IUS Headquarters, as an ad hoc
IUS representative on a visit to some area, or
as a permanent IUS liaison representative
resident in the country or area for which he is
responsible.) There has been a noticeable trend
on the part of the IUS to appeal to area pride and
nationalism by giving more responsible posts
and more important assignments to representatives
from these areas, such as:
(1)
For the first time in the history of the IUS an
Asian (Sudhanshu Chaudhuri, Indian IUS
Secretary) was given the key post of Chief
Editor of World Student News. Chaudhuri
has also been widely used as a travelling IUS
representative to Latin America, where he
has sought to strengthen IUS organizationally
while dispensing material assistance and
guidance.
NOTE: It is probably no accident that the
Chief Editor of the WFDY monthly organ,
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World Youth, is also an Indian- -Sukhendu
Majumder--who is also the first Asian to
hold this key WFDY post.
(2) The Head of the important IUS Colonial
Bureau is an Iranian, Sadek Babak, who has
also done considerable travelling in target
areas for the IUS. In fact, he and CHENG
Chi-ming (Chinese IUS Secretary who heads
the equally important IUS.Education, Culture
and Travel Department) represented the IUS
at the Afro-Asian People's Solidarity
Conference in Cairo, December 1957.
(3) The IUS Vice President in charge of Middle
Eastern and African Student Affairs is a
Sudanese, Ettayeb Abu Gidary, who toured
Egypt, Syria and Lebanon in October 1957
for the IUS, discussing local and interna-
tional student problems with leaders in
these countries. In November, Gidary also
went to Moscow with IUS President Pelikan
and the President of FEANF (Federation of
Students from Black Africa in France) and
during the summer of 1958 went to Latin
America, where he attended the Congress of
the Colombian National Union of Students.
(4) Two Iraqi representatives are now working
at IUS Headquarters. Samir Mohammed
replaced Ali Hussein as the new Arabic
Editor of World Student News in mid-1957.
Since then, Hussein has devoted himself to
Arab student affairs, and an increase in
IUS propaganda in Arabic is expected.
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(5)
Two Japanese are now working for IUS:
TANAKA Yuzo, a Vice President since
August 1956, and ONO Ichiro, Head of the
IUS Student Needs and Welfare Department.
TANAKA led an IUS delegation to the Soviet
Union during spring 1957, and in November
1957 attended the constitutive congress of
the National Student Union of Greece as an
IUS observer. In November, ONO also led
n IUS delegation to East Germany.
(6) A Cuban, Antonio Massip, was appointed
Spanish Editor of World Student News in mid-
1957. He has concerned himself with increas-
ing the circulation and impact of World Stu-
dent News in Latin America by revamping the
Spanish edition so that about one,third of
each issue contains a Latin American Sec-
tion. In an effort to tailor this section to
the interests and current problems of the
student-readers, Ma?ssip has sent all Latin
American students and student organizations
circular letters and questionnaires soliciting
their replies on what they would like included
and inviting them to contribute special arti-
cles and pictures and to become "WSN Cor-
respondents."
(7)
Proportionately larger representation of
persons from target areas in IUS Delega-
tions. For example, of the twenty-four
persons who composed the four IUS Delega-
tions during the past year, sixteen were from
the target areas, eight were Africans (four
Sudanese, three Algerians and a French
African); six were Asians (three Japanese,
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two Iraqi and an Indian) and two were
Ecuadorans.
2. IUS Membership Data
The following changes in IUS membership status
since August 1956 also reflect the extent of success-
ful IUS organizational activity in the target areas:
a. Eight student organizations have been admitted
as full members of the IUS since August 1956.
One is in the Soviet bloc (National Committee of
Hungarian Student Organizations); one is in
Latin America (Federation of the Central Uni-
versity of Venezuela); three are in the Middle
East (Association of Jordanian Students in the
United Arab Republic, Nepal National Federa-
tion of Students and the Union of Syrian Students);
and the other three are African (Federation of
Students from Black Africa in France (FEANF);
the Association of Togoland Students in France,
which in turn is also affiliated with FEANF; and
the Khartoum University Student Union).
b. Three COSEC-affiliated student organizations
have been admitted as associate members of the
IUS since August 1956: General Union of Algerian
Moslem Students (UGEMA), Ceylon University
Students Federation; and the National Union of
Moroccan Students (UNEM).
c. The Iraqi Students Association in Cairo was ad-
mitted to IUS consultative status at the Fifth IUS
Congress in Peking, 4-13 September 1958.
d. The following three organizations are reported
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to be interested in affiliating with the IUS: the
Makerere College Guild in Uganda, a new stu-
dent federation for Malaya set up in Kuala
Lumpur in March 1958, and the General Asso-
ciation of Martinique Students in Paris (AGEM)
set up in April 1958.
e. Representatives of the following three student
organizations are reported to have visited IUS
Headquarters in May 1958, at which they dis-
cussed "cooperation with IUS", as well as the
aims and activities of their organizations:
Association of Students of Guadeloupe, Associ-
ation of Martinique Students, and Association of
Guianese Students.
f. After the Hungarian Revolution, the Finnish and
Icelandic National Unions of Students disaffiliated
from the IUS. The latter did so specifically in
protest against the IUS's failure to denounce
Soviet armed intervention in Hungary.
Small, unrepresentative affiliates in the follow-
ing countries "resigned" from the IUS in com-
pliance with IUS' unity policy aimed at removing
possible obstacles to cooperation of the more
important, nationally representative student
unions: Austria, Burma, Guatemala, The Neth-
erlands, Spain and the Union of South Africa.
These tactical disaffiliations are more nominal
than real, since the former IUS affiliates in
question continue to support IUS policies and
activities.
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IV. WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC
FEDERATION (WIDF)
1. Activities Sponsored by WIDF
a. THIRD SESSION OF WIDF'S PERMANENT
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF MOTHERS
(PICM), Sofia, 20-22 February 1958.
Forty-four delegates from 27 countries attended.
They issued an appeal for the defense of youth
and its education in a spirit of peace and decided
to multiply and strengthen bilateral and multi-
lateral contacts with mothers' groups on prob-
lems of mutual concern, to secure "ever-growing
unity-of-action". After the session, delegates
were invited by Bulgarian Democratic Women's
Committee to spend one week in Bulgaria. Note:
Since PICM now claims to have affiliates in 48
countries, apparently affiliates in 21 countries
were not represented at this meeting. The First
Session of the PICM in 1956 was attended by 62
delegates from 36 countries, that is by affiliates
from (at that time) all but four countries.
b. FOURTH WORLD CONGRESS OF THE WIDF,
Vienna, 1-5 June 1958.
In addition to its usual business the WIDF
Congress adopted a new constitution and called
for strong unity-of-action of all women and
organizations desiring the emancipation of
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women, protection of children and defense of
peace. There were 360 participants (60 of
whom were official observers and guests) from
68 countries, including 23 countries from Asia
and Africa and 17 from Central and South
America. Delegates from the following coun-
tries are reported to have accepted invitations
for post-Congress travel to: (a) USSR for 15 to
20 days, participating in a special delegates'
meeting in Moscow (Australia, Belgium, Canada,
Ceylon, Salvador, Senegal, Sudan, and Tunisia);
(b) Czechoslovakia where they addressed "peace"
meetings in different towns (Costa Rica, Guate-
mala, India, Indonesia, Japan and Nicaragua);
(c) Communist China for one month (Greece);
(d) Rumania (Madagascar); (e) France (Com-
munist China) and (f) East Germany, probably
to WIDF Headquarters in East Berlin (Syria).
Note: If each delegation had had its full quota of
10 delegates and 3 official observers, some 900
would have attended, excluding guests. Pravda
claims that 500 from 76 countries attended. The
Third WIDF Congress (Copenhagen, June 19 53 )
was attended by 1, 990 delegates from 70 coun-
tries, while 1, 060 women from 66 countries
attended WIDF's World Congress of Mothers
(Lausanne, July 1955).
c. Women's Caravan of Peace to Alert People About
Atomic Dangers, from United Kingdom to USSR
and possibly China, Spring-Summer 1958.
Sponsors: PICM, the Women's Cooperative
Guild and "other bodies." The Caravan, con-
sisting of at least 14 women at the start, left
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London on 27 May 1958 by bus to visit nearly
all European countries, including the USSR,
and possibly China. Special activities were
arranged for the Caravan by women- in each
country, some of whom may have joined the
Caravan.
d. WIDF Northern Study Week, Transberg,
Gjovik, Norway, 27 July - 3 August 1958.
Details are not yet known, but some 35 women
from over 20 countries (including 6 key mem-
bers of the WIDF Secretariat) attended the
WIDF "Study Days on the Protection of Mother-
hood", held in Potsdam, 27 September -
1 October 1957.
e. WIDF Study Days on "Problems of Peasant
Women, " Latin America, 1958.
Details not yet known, Decision to hold this
seminar made by WIDF Bureau Meeting,
November 1957.
f. WIDF Study Days on "Upbringing and Educa-
tion of Children and Youth, " Europe, 1958.
Details not yet known. Decision to hold this
seminar made by WIDF Bureau, November 1957.
2. Activities Sponsored by WIDF Affiliates.
During the course of 1958 hundreds of activities will
have been sponsored by WIDF affiliates at which
there was WIDF representation of some sort. Such
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periodic activities provide the WIDE' with a useful
means for contacting key women leaders, rendering
them whatever guidance and assistance is needed
and coordinating WIDF line and action. Examples
of various types of such already held or scheduled
activities are:
a. WIDF "Days" Celebrated Annually: March 8th,
"International Women's Day, " and June 1st,
"International Children's Day".
These "Days" are celebrated annually by WIDF
affiliates throughout the world and are occasions
for varying degrees of local and national agita-
tion and propaganda activity, as well as fund-
raising in some instances. Special propaganda
materials are prepared for these occasions by
the WIDF, as well as by some of its affiliates,
and given the broadest propaganda media dis-
semination possible, including door-to-door
distribution of literature in some locales. Many
key cities hold mass meetings, such as the
March 8th Rally in Tokyo which attracted some
1, 000 women and was addressed by an Algerian
National Liberation Front delegate, or the March
8th celebration in East Berlin in which a
specially-invited North Vietnamese women's
delegation participated.
b. Summer Camps for Children:
Various WIDF Soviet Bloc affiliates sponsor
"vacation camps" for young children, which
include some foreign participants. They permit
not only some ideological indoctrination of young
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children but also direct contacts with mothers
and women interested in child welfare.
c. Meetings of Executive Bodies of WIDF Affiliates:
Each affiliate holds at least one meeting of its
executive body annually, and this usually includes
official WIDF representation of some sort. For
example, WIDF Secretary General Carmen Zanti
and Deputy General Secretary Marie-Ange
Gaubert attended the Executive Committee Meet-
ing of Democratic Union of Austrian Women,
Vienna, 8-9 January 1958, firming up organiza-
tional arrangements for the WIDF Congress in
Vienna, June 1958.
1. International Seminar to deal with children's educa-
tion in the spirit of peace and friendship, time and
place unspecified.
Z. Erection of a monument to children who were victims
of. the last war.
Note: Both of the above items were proposed by the
PIGM, the WIDF auxiliary, at its February 1958
meeting in Sofia.
3. Afro-Asian Women's Conference, Cairo, late 1959.
(See II-B-1)
Note: At a meeting in Cairo in mid-August 1958,
representatives of women's organizations of the
Cameroon's, Communist China, India and the United
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Arab Republic resolved to start preparatory work
for and to define the aims and purposes of the Afro-
Asian Women's Conference.
4. Soviet bilateral delegation exchanges proposed for
1958 with Ethiopia, Japan, Mongolia, Pakistan and
other countries. In all, twenty-five foreign women's
delegations are to visit the USSR during 1958, and "a
number" of Soviet women's delegations are to go
"abroad", according to a proposal adopted by the
Committee of Soviet Women at its plenary meeting in
February 1958. Note: 193 women's delegations from
over 71 countries reportedly visited the USSR during
the past ten or eleven years, and an unspecified num-
ber of Soviet women's delegations went abroad.
1. Propaganda
a. There has been a considerable increase in the
quantity and variety of WIDF special propaganda
materials published and disseminated during the
past year, not only to publicize its Fourth Con-
gress but also to marshal support for WIDF
campaigns for peace; for national independence
and against colonialism; for solidarity with
Algerian, Tunisian and Cameroon women; and
for the return of Hungarian children to their
families in Hungary. The WIDF propaganda
materials are largely focused at the important
target groups in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
b. A noticeable increase has also occurred in the
propaganda materials published by WIDF affiliates
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themselves, many of which are printed in many
thousands of copies for broad internal dissemi-
nation. Some WIDF affiliates--particularly
those in the Soviet bloc--publish slick, illus-
trated women's magazines in various languages
several times a year, which are sent throughout
the world. Of particular interest in this connec-
tion is the announcement that in 1958 the French
edition of Soviet Woman (published monthly by the
Soviet affiliates of the WIDF and WFTU) would be
specially edited to include information of particu-
lar interest to women in French-speaking areas.
c. "New" Russian Edition of "Women of the Whole
World": On 8 March 1958 a Moscow Tass report
stated that publication "had been started in
Russian" of the WIDF's official monthly organ.
The inner cover page of each issue of this organ
for the past several years had contained the claim
that it was published in Russian, as well as
English, French, German and Spanish.
d. WIDF Films: WIDF advised the UN ECOSOC in
November 1957 that it had produced three docu-
mentary films on its 1949 Asian Women's Confer-
ence, 1953 World Congress of Women, and the
1956 WIDF Council Meeting, as well as two films
("Mon Enfant" and "La Rose des Vents") and
three series of film strips. These films are
shown to women's groups throughout the world.
Z. Bilateral and Multilateral Exchanges: WIDF has
encouraged its affiliates to expand their exchanges of
delegations, publications and correspondence as much
as possible, particularly with unaffiliated women's
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organizations. The number of such exchanges with
Communist China particularly appears to be on the
increase. Over 54 foreign women's delegations were
reportedly invited by the Chinese WIDF affiliate to
attend the National Day celebrations in China in
September 1957. Several other foreign delegates
had come earlier to attend the Third National Con-
gress of Chinese Women in Peking. Communist
Chinese women's delegations have also visited sev-
eral countries, particularly in Asia, during the past
year.
On an international level, the WIDF has also
attempted to increase its contacts, particularly with
bona fide international non-governmental organiza-
tions. According to information furnished the UN
ECOSOC in November 1957, the WIDF purportedly
had exchanged correspondence, publications and
delegations with the following bodies:
International Abolitionist Federation
International Cooperative Women's Guild
International Union of Child Welfare
International Union of Family Organizations
Women's International League for Peace and
Freedom.
What impact, if any, these exchanges have had on
the above-mentioned organizations is not known.
They are, however,- part of the WIDF's campaign to
gain unity of action wherever possible with women
and women's groups in all sectors of society (trade
unions, cooperatives, young women's groups, social
welfare workers, teachers, etc. ).
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3. Campaign to regain consultative relations with the
UN ECOSOC and other specialized UN Agencies,
particularly UNESCO. This campaign will continue,
and all affiliates are being cautioned to do everything
possible .to demonstrate their concrete support of the
work of such UN bodies. Tangible evidence of such
support will then be collected to support WIDF's
future reapplications for consultative status with the
UN. Note: In May 1958 the UN ECOSOC rejected
the WIDF's reapplication for both Register and Con-
sultative Status.
1. WIDF Executive Bureau and Council Members:
Except for re-election of Eugenie Cotton of France
as WIDF President and Carmen Zanti of Italy as
Secretary General, the new slate of Bureau and
Council members elected by the WIDF at its Fourth
Congress in Vienna, June 1958, is not yet available.
The President and Council Members (constitutionally
required to be elected only by the Congress) will hold
office for the next four years, when the next Congress
is required to meet. The WIDF Bureau (Vice Presi-
dents, General and Deputy Secretaries, Secretaries,
Treasurer and Finance Control Commission Mem-
bers), on the other hand, will hold office for only
one year. The Council is constitutionally empowered
to elect Bureau Members, and it is required to meet
at least once each year.
2. WIDF Secretariat: According to information furnished
the UN ECOSOC by the WIDF in November 1957, the
WIDF Secretariat in East Berlin then consisted of
twenty-six officials: Secretary General, two Deputy
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Secretaries-General, eight Secretaries (representing
Argentina, Communist China, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, Indonesia, Spain, United Kingdom and the
United States), and representatives of fifteen national
organizations.
Of the top three posts, the following changes have
occurred: Carmen Zanti (Italy) replaced Angiola
Minella (Italy) as WIDF Secretary General in June
1957. Zanti, a long-time member of the Italian
Communist Party, had worked at WIDF Headquarters
in 1951 as a Secretary. Mrs. Marie-Ange Gaubert
(France) replaced Simone Bertrand (France) as
Deputy Secretary-General, also in June 1957. Only
Mrs. Zoya Ivanova (USSR) retained her key post as
Deputy Secretary-General, a position she has held
since late 1954. However, since late 1956 her duties
have either changed or broadened to include respon-
sibility for Latin American women's affairs, indi-
cating the increased importance the WIDF and the
Soviet Union attach to Latin America. Elisa Uriz,
a Cuban-Spanish Communist leader, had been the
"WIDF Responsible for Latin American women's
affairs" for several years prior to this.
Other less important but noteworthy changes have
occurred at WIDF Headquarters. A Japanese National
Representative of FUDANREN, SAITO Eiko, joined
the staff in the spring of 1958, and three new
WIDF Secretaries joined sometime during 19;57:
Maria Kopecka (a Czechoslovak in charge of editing
the WIDF monthly organ, Women of the Whole World,)
Luisa Gambetta Vicentini (an Argentinian by birth
who is one of the foremost Chilean Communist organ-
izers of women and has been for some time a key
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officer of the Party's National Women's Commission),
and Mrs. Suharti Bintang Suradi (Executive Council
member of GERWANI, Indonesian WIDF affiliate, and
a member of the Indonesian National Constitutional
Assembly). It should be noted that the WIDF affiliates
in Argentina and Indonesia requested of the WIDF
Bureau that they too be represented in the WIDF
Secretariat. The Bureau in turn submitted these
requests to the WIDF Council for ratification in June
1957.
3. Organizational Tactics
a. In order to strengthen the WIDF organizationally
and secure the broadest possible support for pro-
Soviet political objectives, particularly among
women in the target areas of Asia, Africa and
Latin America, the WIDF has sought to main-
tain closer liaison and contact with women's
groups and to provide key leaders thereof with
more concrete guidance, assistance and some
sort of training, In this connection, there has
been a noticeable increase in
(1)
The travel of WIDF representatives to
various countries not only to give direct
guidance and assistance to leaders of WIDF
affiliates, but also to stimulate more
national and regional activity and to attend
meetings sponsored by non-member and
affiliated organizations. (Examples of
this include WIDF representation at the
Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference, held in
Cairo in late December 1957, and at the
non-Communist Asian-African Women's
Conference in Colombo in mid-February
1958.)
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(2)
(3)
The organization of special international
and regional leader-training type seminars
called "Study Days". (The first such
seminar was held in September 1957 and
was apparently considered so successful
that three more have been scheduled for
1958.)
The organization of "study groups" that
meet regularly or formal training courses
by WIDF affiliates for the indoctrination and
training of members and functionaries.
(4) The assistance given by more experienced
WIDF affiliates to others in solving mutual
problems, particularly by making success-
ful organizational methods and tactics
available to them.
(5)
The role played by WIDF affiliates in main-
taining eontact with non-member women's
groups in neighboring countries, making
WIDF propaganda materials available to
them and bringing them into direct relations
with the WIDF.
(6) Propaganda materials published not only by
the WIDF but particularly by its affiliates
and disseminated in various languages
throughout the world.
b. PICM Regional Representatives: The PICM--an
auxiliary of the WIDF set up at its World Con-
gress of Mothers in July 1955--at its February
1958 annual meeting decided to establish a
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permanent Presidium composed of nine
regional representatives who are to serve for
one-year periods and who might represent
different countries in each region from year to
year. The national composition of the Presid-
ium of PICM Regional Representatives for 1958
is as follows:
Australia
Asia: Japan and India
Africa: Nigeria and Egypt
Eastern and Western Europe: Bulgaria
and France
North and South America: Canada and
Argentina
Officers to fill these posts were not elected by
the PICM, indicating that WIDF-affiliated bodies
in the countries concerned may appoint these
new regional representatives. Their respon-
sibilities will probably entail considerable
liaison with women's and mothers' groups in
their areas, both by personal contact and
correspondence. An increase in the activity of
these groups may, therefore, be expected and
may even result in the establishment of some
new Communist front organizations for mothers.
In fact the PICM claims to have extended its
membership strength from 36 to 48 countries
during its three-year existence and to have
gained twelve unidentified affiliates since 1957.
The PICM did elect a new Chairman, Mrs. Dora
Russell of the U.K., who succeeded Dr. Andrea
Andreen (Swedish WIDF Vice President who
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served as PICM Chairman since July 1955).
Mrs. Russell was the PICM Secretary prior to
February 1958, and in this capacity, worked
at the WIDF Headquarters in East Berlin.
4. WIDF Finances
a. The WIDF claimed its 1956 Budget was only
$35, 000. (Claim made in a WIDF report to the
UN ECOSOC in November 1957. Publication
of its monthly organ alone, in five languages
and in several thousand copies, would exceed
$35, 000.)
b. The WIDF is reported to be trying covertly to
establish and finance a women's magazine
publishing company in an Asian country, which
would publish a national women's monthly
magazine containing useful and interesting
information about the women's movement in
foreign countries. WIDF President Eugenie
Cotton of France and Dr. Andrea Andreen of
Sweden are known to have negotiated secretly
with the head of an Asian WIDF affiliate regard-
ing this matter. The WIDF requested that this
publishing company be kept entirely separate
from the WIDF affiliate.
Note: Such a publishing company could serve
many useful purposes. It could circulate WIDF
propaganda materials locally, and also serve
as a funding mechanism. This tactic may also
be used by other international Communist fronts.
The WFDY and the IUS have openly declared
their readiness to assist youth and student
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organizations, particularly in colonial and under-
developed areas, to publish magazines, news -
papers, etc.
C. WIDF Stamp Sales: WIDF sent its affiliates
many thousands of special stamps for sale
locally to raise funds to send delegates to the
Fourth WIDF Congress (Vienna, June 1958).
Over 20, 000 were reported sent to Japan alone.
Reports indicate that WIDF affiliates also sold
special pamphlets, memo-books, badges, etc.,
commemorating the Fourth WIDF Congress to
raise travel funds for delegates. Their efforts
apparently did not meet with much success since
total participation at the Fourth WIDF Congress
was only about one-third as large as that of the
Third WIDF Congress in 1953.
5. WIDF Membership Data, In November 1957 the
WIDF advised the UN ECOSOC that its total member-
ship consisted of "about 200 million women" who
belonged to undesignated affiliates that associated or
cooperated with the WIDF. Thirteen organizations--
four African, four Asian, four Latin American and
one in the Soviet bloc--are reported either to have
joined the WIDF, or expressed an interest in doing
so, since 1957:
Organizations affiliated since 1957:
Ceylon: Women's Section of the Democratic
Workers Congress
Ghana: Undesignated, possibly the Ghana
Women's Organization
India: National Federation of Indian
Women
Japan: All-Japan Federation of Women's
Organizations, FUDANREN
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Nepal: Akhil Nepali Manila Sangha
Senegal: Undesignated, possibly the Sene-
gal Women's Association
Sudan: Union of Sudanese Women, aka
Sudanese Women's Association
Organizations desiring affiliation during 1958:
Ecuador: Undesignated
French West
Africa: An undesignated F. W . A. girls'
organization
Haiti: Undesignated
Panama: Undesignated
Trinidad: Undesignated
Vietnam: Undesignated, presumably a North
Vietnamese women's group.
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V. WORLD FEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS (WFTU)
1. WFTU Activities.
a. 17TH SESSION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE,
Budapest, 30 March - 2 April 1958.
Louis Saillant's report to the Executive Commit-
tee is important because of the outline for WFTU
activity which it contained. Saillant encouraged a
flexibility of action based on national peculiarities
rather than rigid conformity to one fixed pattern.
He summed up the tasks of trade unions as
follows:
(1) Unite the workers in each country and help
them to unite with all social sections who
are actively working for peace.
(2)
Join with national Peace Committees in pre-
paring for the World Conference for Disar-
mament and International Cooperation, and
send broad and tepresentative delegations.
(This Congress was held in Stockholm in
July 1958 - See I-A-9. )
(3) Be at the head of the mass struggle and
every decisive action to obtain:
(a) a summit meeting;
(b) prohibition of rocket bases and atomic
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bomb flights;
(c) the ending of thermonuclear testing,
and ban on manufacture and use of
mass destruction weapons;
(d) zones cleared of such weapons, as
proposed by the Rapacki Plan;
(e) development of trade and cultural
relations between all, countries.
(4) Increase exchanges of fraternal delegations
of trade unions and workers.
The Executive Committee called upon West
German workers to "take more powerful meas-
ures" against the rearmament of West Germany;
it urged all National Trade Union Centers to set
up active International Trade Union Committees
for solidarity with Algeria; and called upon all
trade unions to make a fresh effort to support the
struggle waged by the workers and peoples of
Indonesia, Cyprus, and Union of South Africa.
The Executive Committee gave its complete sup-
port to the Permanent Secretariat for Afro-Asian
Solidarity and declared itself in agreement with
that body regarding assistance to be given to
workers and peoples fighting for their liberty and
independence.
b. EUROPEAN TRADE UNION AND WORKERS
CONFERENCE AGAINST THE THREAT OF
ATOMIC WAR AND FOR PEACE, East Berlin,
20-22 June 1958.
This was attended by delegates from 22 European
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countries. Major statements adopted at this
meeting were:
(1)
(2 )
(3)
An appeal to the workers and trade unions of
Europe which called for trade union support
of a Week of Action and Solidarity for Peace
and Disarmament, 15-22 October 1958.
A letter to Workers and Leaders of Trade
Unions in the USA which urged them to make
themselves heard in the same way that US
scientists have done (referring to statements
by scientists in opposition to atomic testing).
The letter also called upon US labor to act
for peace and to unite with European workers
to preserve it.
An open letter to scientists of the world
calling upon that group to associate in the
Week of Solidarity and Action 15-22 October
1958. Called for the signing of a common
agreement of cooperation between interna-
tional trade union organizations and the WFSW.
(4) A request to Great Britain and the USA to
suspend nuclear tests.
(5) A declaration of solidarity with workers of
Spain, Portugal, Cyprus and Algeria.
c. THE FIRST WORKERS CONFERENCE OF THE
BALTIC COUNTRIES, Rostock, 7-8 July 1958.
The delegates resolved to carry on a common
struggle against the transformation of the Baltic
into a "NATO atom-bomb sea" and appealed to
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workers and trade unionists of the Baltic coun-
tries to take part in the Week of Solidarity to be
held in October. The Conference adopted an
appeal to the Parliaments of the Baltic countries
and Norway calling for joint deliberations by
their parliaments and for implementation of the
Rapacki Plan for an atom-free zone. Letters
were sent by the Conference to the leading trade
union bodies in the Baltic Countries and Norway
urging their unified action in regard to peace and
to other international trade union bodies appeal-
ing for restoration of international trade union
unity in the face of the threat to peace. The
Baltic Conference also formed a permanent
initiative committee in which all the participating
countries are represented. A similar Workers
Conference is to be held annually during Baltic
Week. (For other Baltic activities, see I-A-B
and I-C-3)
d. FIRST WORLD TRADE UNION CONFERENCE OF
YOUNG WORKERS, Prague, 14-ZO July 1958.
Resolutions passed declared that trade unions
ought to increase their efforts to educate young
workers in the spirit of trade union democracy
and class struggle and in the spirit of proletarian
internationalism, to educate them to defend peace
and to give active support to the cause of national
independence of all peoples and against racial
discrimination and for solidarity with peasants
and other strata of the working people. Another
resolution recommended study tours for young
trade union officials in various countries, con-
sideration of questions concerning young workers
at the next session of the WFTU General Council
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and expansion of relations among young workers
all over the world.
e. 18TH (EXTRAORDINARY) SESSION OF THE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF'WFTU, Prague,
27-28 July 1958.
This meeting was called as the result of the
Middle East crisis and subsequent "intervention"
by the United States and Great Britain. The
Executive Committee approved an appeal to the
workers and trade unions of all countries which
stated:
"The gravity of the situation calls for maxi-
mum vigilance on the part of workers and
trade unions. The Executive Committee of
the WFTU therefore appeals to the working
people throughout the world to intensify their
activities against the pressures of the impe-
rialists on the Arab nations and for the
immediate withdrawal of American and
British troops from the Near and Middle
East. "
The Executive Committee approved the following
message to the working people and trade unions
of the Arab countries:
"The Executive Committee of the WFTU
solemnly assures you that the WFTU and all
organizations affiliated to it will undertake
everything possible for the mobilization of
the working people throughout the world and
will appeal to them to take most diverse and
most effective measures in support of your
struggles. "
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A message to the Secretary General of the
United Nations was also approved which de-
manded the immediate holding of a conference
of the heads of government of the United States,
Great Britain, the Soviet Union, France and
India.
During 1958 the WFTU held two regional Confer-
ences which included delegates of unions not
affiliated to WFTU as well as those from unions
which are.
f. First Meeting of the International Committee For
Solidarity With Algerian Workers, Cairo,
12-13 September 1958.
(1)
(2 )
Delegates from 20 countries are expected.
Algerian problem and current problems in
the Middle East will be discussed.
19th Session of the Executive Committee, Warsaw,
November 1958.
(1)
The agenda will include (a) wages and social
questions, (b) unemployment, (c) trade union
rights and (d) democratic freedoms.
2. Activities of the Trade Unions Internationals (TUI's)
a. The Administrative Committee of the Trade Unions
International of Public and Allied Employees
sponsored a meeting of trade union representa-
tives, doctors and experts at Strasbourg, France,
7-10 January 1958.
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The subject was "Mechanization and Automation
and their Socio-Economic Effects on the Postal,
Telephone and Telegraph Services." This Con-
ference decided
(1) to s end a memorandum to the ILO on me cha-
nization and automation in the postal and
telecommunication services, and on their
consequences, in order to draw that organi-
zation's attention to these urgent problems.
(2) to send a memorandum to the WHO drawn up
through the collaboration of doctors and
sociologists showing the effects of mechani-
zation and automation on workers' health
and requesting the WHO to support measures
necessary to safeguard health and give pro-
tection against the negative consequences of
these procedures.
It was also reported that the Secretariat of the
TUI would consider the possibilities for calling
an international conference to study the conse-
quences of mechanization and automation in all
branches of public services.
b. THE ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE
MINERS TRADE UNION INTERNATIONAL, Halle,
East Germany, 8-10 January 1958.
The Committee passed resolutions designed to
extend the trend toward united action and trade
union unity. It also adopted a number of resolu-
tions to be sent to the ILO concerning miners in
mines other than coal mines.
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The Administrative Committee urged its
affiliates to ensure a large attendance of young
miners at the World Trade Union Conference of
Young Workers. Lastly the Administrative Com-
mittee decided to hold the Third International
Miners' Conference in July 1959 at Katowice,
Poland.
c. Bureau of the Administrative Committee of the
Trade Unions International of Transport, Port
and Fishery Workers, Prague, 21-22 January1958.
The Bureau examined and approved the way the
Secretariat was applying the decisions of the
Second International Conference of the TUI
(21-26 May 1957) particularly in relation to im-
proving and extending relations with both affili-
ated and non-affiliated organizations and encour-
aging united action by workers of the same trade
on an international scale (meeting of railway
workers representatives in Strasbourg, steps to
strengthen seafarers' unity in connection with the
next Maritime Session of the International Labor
Conference ).
The Bureau decided to hold the Administrative
Committee meeting during the first half of June
in Moscow. In addition the Bureau adopted a plan
of work and a budget for 1958. The plan of work
included specific directives regarding TUI par-
ticipation in the First World Trade Union Confer-
ence of Young Workers. (See A-l-d)
The Bureau asked the Secretariat to urge trans-
port, port and fishery workers to unite and
strengthen their activity in defense of peace, for
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a ban on atomic and thermonuclear weapons and
their testing and against the installation of
rocket-launching sites in their countries.. It also
asked them to throw the full weight and fighting
spirit of their organized forces into the activities
of the peace movements in their respective
countries .
d. Administrative Committee of the TUI of Trans-
port, Port and Fishery Workers, Moscow,
4-6 June 1958.
(1)
(2)
(3)
A general resolution which called for
(a) banning of the atomic bomb and missile
bases; (b) opposition to the rearming of
Germany (West); (c) creation of an atom-
free zone; (d) support of the World Peace
Council's "World Congress for Disarmament
and International Cooperation"; (e) develop-
ment of exchanges of trade union delegations.
An appeal to all affiliates to work for the
ratification of the conventions adopted at the
41st Session (Maritime) of the International
Labor Organization. (A delegation of the
TUI to this Session, held 26 April - 16 May
1958, was headed by Rafael Avila, General
Secretary of the TUI. )
The creation of Technical Commissions of
(a) Seamen and Fi she rmen, (b) Dockers and
Waterway Workers, (c) Railway Workers,
(d) Road and Urban Transport Workers.
(4) Acceptance of the affiliation of (a) The Fed-
eration of Agricultural Workers and
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(5)
Fishermen of Korea (North), (b) Syndicate
of Auto Transport Workers of Garhwal,
India, (c) Syndicate of Auto Transport
Workers of Ramnad, India.
Designation of Satish Chatterjee, Secretary
General, National Federation of Road
Transport Workers of India, to serve as
a member of the Administrative Committee
of the TUI.
(6) Designation of HO Sy Ngoi, Secretary
General of the National Syndicate of Railway
Workers of Vietnam, to serve as member
of the Finance Control Commission.
national Conference, Sofia, 25-26 July 1958.
A decision by the 17th Session of the Executive
Committee directed the merger of this TUI with
the TUI of Leather, Shoe, Fur and Leather
Products Workers. The representatives of both
TUI's met with the Secretariat in Prague
10-11 March 1958 to discuss the problems of
the merger.
The 3rd International Conference of the TUI of
Textile and Clothing Workers met on schedule
25-26 July 1958 in Sofia with delegates from 34
countries reported to be in attendance. The
conference was chaired by Maria Moraru, Presi-
dent of the TUI, and by Olympiadi Nefedova, one
of its Vice Presidents. The proposal to merge
the TUI with the TUI of Leather, Shoe, Fur and
Leather Products Workers was presented to the
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Conference by Teresa Noce, Secretary General
of the TUI of Textile and Clothing Workers.
f. 3rd International Conference, TUI of Leather,
Shoe, Fur and Leather Products Workers,
Sofia, 27-28 July 1958.
After speeches by Tchako Mihal, Chairman of
the Federation of Leather Processing Workers of
Hungary, Fernand Maurice, President of the TUI,
and Maria Kerilova, Secretary of the Central
Council of Trade Unions of Bulgaria, the Secre-
tary General, Jaroslav Mevald, gave his report
in which he stated that the amalgamation of the
TUI of Leather, Shoe, Fur and Leather Products
? Workers with the TUI of Textile and Clothing
Workers would assist in strengthening the inter-
national trade union movement. Later, George
Mineo, Secretary of the Light and Food Industry
Workers Trade Union in Bulgaria, read the re-
port of the auditing commission.
g. Formation of the TUI of Textile, Clothing,
Leather and Fur Workers, Sofia, 30-31 July 1958.
The TUI of Textile and Clothing Workers merged
with the TUI of Leather, Shoe, Fur and Leather
Products Workers to form the new organization,
the headquarters of which will be in Prague.
J. Mevald, former Secretary General of the TUI
of Leather, Shoe, Fur and Leather Products
Workers, was named Secretary General of the
new organization, and Lina Fibbi, Secretary of
the Federation of Textile Workers and Employees
(FIOT) of Italy was named president. The new
TUI called upon workers, irrespective of their
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affiliations, to organize meetings and demon-
strate for "Peace".
h. Administrative Committee of the World Federa-
tion of Teachers Unions (FISE), a TUI of WFTU,
Moscow, 28 July - 2 August 1958.
The theme of the meeting was stated to be
"Pedagogical Principles in Educational Matters."
Discussion was to be preceded by a report given
by Professor Ivan Kairov, president of the
Academy of Pedagogical Science in Moscow.
Participants at the meeting were said to be
limited to a small number.
The next International Conference oPFISE is
scheduled to take place somewhere in Asia during
1960. The exact place and date have not been
reported.
i. Third International Conference of the TUI of
Metal and Engineering Industries, Prague,
21-25 September 1958.
Second World Conference, TUI of Agricultural
and Forestry Workers, Bucharest,
16-19 October 1958.
The Executive Committee of this TUI, meeting
in Prague 15-17 April 1958, adopted the following
agenda for the Conference:
(1)
Review of the activity of the TUI, the tasks
involved in strengthening the cooperation of
agricultural and forestry trade unions in
the fight for increased wages, social
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(2)
insurance, trade union rights, improvement
of living conditions and for disarmament and
peace in the world.
The development of unity of plantation
workers in the fight against the rule of for-
eign monopolies, and for national independ-
ence, for the conquest and development of
economic and social rights, and freedom and
progress.
(3). Report of the Revision of Accounts.
(4) Election of leading organs.
An exhibition on the life and activities of agricul-
tural workers is being prepared for the Second
International Conference. One section of the
exhibit will contain posters, leaflets, wall
papers showing trade union activities; these ma-
terials will be arranged so as to give a picture
of the demands, forms of fight and successes of
the different workers' and peasants' categories
in various countries. Trade union publications
issued by various categories -- newspapers,
magazines, pamphlets, special issues etc. --
will be gathered separately so as to give an idea
of the trade unions' daily activity and workers'
daily life.
k. Third International Conference of the TUI of
Workers of Building, Wood and Building
Materials Industries scheduled to be held in
Budapest in October 1959.
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B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
1. WFTU proposed activity.
Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Confed-
eracion de Trabajadores de America Latina (CTAL)
proposed for September. Exact date and place
unknown.
2. TUI proposed activity.
Third International Conference of the TUI of
Chemical and Petroleum Workers, scheduled to be
held in East Germany during 1959. Exact date and
place not yet known.
1. Training
a. The report of Louis Saillant adopted at the 4th
World Congress stated that the problem of
training trade union leaders was most urgent in
countries where labor organizations were still
young and that the WFTU should contribute more
toward training union leaders than in the past.
b. A Trade Union Seminar for European Countries
organized by the WFTU with the assistance of
UNESCO and the cooperation of the Central
Council of Rumanian Trade Unions was held in
the Rumanian Trade Unions' House of Culture in
Bucharest 24 February to 16 March 1958. The
course was attended by 28 men and 9 women
representing trade unions both affiliated and non-
affiliated to WFTU. The students came from
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A
Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France,
Holland, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland,
USSR and Yugoslavia.
This Seminar was the first WFTU training pro-
gram in which the UNESCO participated. At its
opening session a desire for continued coopera-
tion was expressed. Louis Saillant in addressing
the Seminar called for a similar one to be held
under the auspices of the UNESCO with the co-
operation not only of the World Federation of
Trade Unions but also the International Confeder-
ation of Free Trade Unions and the International
Federation of Christian Trade Unions.
The curriculum included:
(1)
(2)
(3)
History of European Countries
The World Charter for Human Rights
The Economic Problems of Europe
(4) The History and Role of the Trade Union
Movement
(5)
(6) Press and Propaganda
(7)
The United Nations and Its Various
Organizations
(8) UNESCO
The Director of the Seminar was reported to be
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Professor Nicolescu (fnu). The lectures
included
V. Berezin........... The Question of Unity
Marcel Bras ......... Workers Demands and
Economic Problems
Giacomo Adducci ..... Trade Union Rights
Georges Vanhaute .... Democracy and Trade
Union Life
C. Salducci .......... Young Workers
J. Kabourek ......... WFTU in Relation to
the UN and the ILO.
Personalities present at the opening session
included
Georghe Apostol, President, Central Council
of Rumanian Trade Unions;
Anton Moisescu, Vice President, Central
Council of Rumanian Trade Unions;
Ralea (fnu), Academician, representing the
Rumanian National Commission of UNESCO;
Tudor Vianu, Academician, representing the
Rumanian National Commission of UNESCO;
Louis Saillant, Secretary General of the WFTU.
c. A labor school sponsored by the Confederacion
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General de Trabajadores was reported to have
been held in San Jose, Costa Rica, 5-31 May
1958. It was alleged that the school was sup-
ported by the WFTU to the extent of $4, 000. An
enrollment of 30 pupils was reported. Of this
number 15 were alleged to be Costa Ricans while
the remainder were Central Americans and
Panamanians.
The director of the school, according to the
Costa Rican newspaper La Nacion, 11 June 1958,
was Alvaro Montero. Jose Amador Perez was
the subdirector, Rodolfo Guzman an instructor
and Eduardo Mora Valverde a lecturer. Three
students were arrested when they attempted to
re-enter Nicaragua upon completion of the
school. They were identified as:
(1)
(2)
Domingo Antonio Sanchez Salgado, 43 years
of age, born in Chaquitillo. In 1947 the sub-
ject was reported to be a member of the
Communist Party of Nicaragua. He is a
member of the Sindicato de Carpinteros y
Similares and a member of the Executive
Committee of the Confederacion General de
Trabajadores. He was mentioned by Carlos
Fonseca Amador during an investigation as
an active and important Communist.
Roberto Nicholas Zamora Suazo, 35 years of
age, born in Leon, a shoemaker by profes-
sion. In 1947 the subject was Secretary for
the Communist Party of Nicaragua in Leon.
In 1949 he became the Secretary of the Finance
Section of the same Party and in 1950 was the
head of its Statistical Section.
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(3)
Tomas Pravia Reyes, 33 years of age,
born in Matagalpa, a carpenter by profes-
sion. The subject was considered a Com-
munist in 1957.
Two Panamanian students, Ruben Garcia Castro
and Marta Matamoros Montoya, were arrested
by the Costa Rican Intelligence Service after the
school had closed.
2. Use of the International Solidarity Fund
The resolution dealing with the International Solidar-
ity Fund passed at the 4th World Congress stressed
the significance of the Fund for the development of
fraternal solidarity and friendship among workers
throughout the world as well as the urgent need for
all National Centers, trade union organizations, so-
cial organizations and workers to provide the Fund
with necessary resources. During 1958 the following
disbursals from the International Solidarity Fund
were noted:
a. $1,500 to help flood Victims in Ceylon
b. 2, 000 pounds to aid Australian Strikers
c. 1, 000 pounds to aid the families of workers of
Sakiet Sidi Youssef (Tunisia) who lost their
homes when the village was bombarded by the
French.
d. 1, 000 pounds to the Japanese Coalminers Federa-
tion (TANRO) to aid its struggle for trade union
rights.
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3. Soviet Trade Union Contacts
a. V. V. Grishin, Chairman of the All Union
Central Council of Trade Unions, was re-
ported in January 1958 to have stated, "It is
our duty to actively help consolidate the World
Federation of Trade Unions, and extend the in-
fluence and enhance the prestige of the WFTU
and Trade Union Internationals. We must
necessarily extend friendly contacts with trade
unions of the capitalist and colonial countries.
The trade union central committee s must more
actively establish connections with industrial
trade unions and the trade union councils with
the territorial trade union organizations there."
b. That the Soviets have indeed implemented such
a program is evidenced by the following:
(1)
(2)
(3)
a Soviet trade union delegation headed by
Leonid Soloviev visited Cairo on 16 January
1958 at the invitation of the Egyptian Confed-
eration of Trade Unions;
a Soviet trade union delegation headed by A.
Shevchenko visited Yugoslavia on 28 January
1958 at the invitation of the Central Council
of the Confederation of Yugoslav Trade
Unions;
a Soviet trade union delegation headed by
Leonid Soloviev visited Helsinki on 3.4 Feb-
ruary at the invitation of the Finnish
National Trade Union Centre (SAK);
(4) a Soviet trade union delegation headed by
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Leonid Soloviev visited Poland 14 April 1958
to attend the 4th Congress of the Polish
Trade Unions;
(5) a Soviet trade union delegation headed by
E. T. Cherednichenko visited Uruguay on
1 May 1958;
(6) a delegation of the trade union of the timber,
paper and wood processing industry left
Moscow for Japan the first week in June 1958;
headed by Vladimir Stepanovitch Bondarenko,
the delegation included Evgeni Alekseevitch
Sizov and Andrei Benediktovitch Shuklin;
(7)
at the end of June 1958 a delegation from the
Central Council of the Soviet Trade Unions
visited Austria in response to an invitation
from the Austrian Federation of Trade
Unions; it took part in many discussions and
meetings and was received by Johan Bohm,
President of the Austrian Federation of
Trade Unions and Anton Proksch, Minister
of Social Insurance.
c. The first conference of the permanent Soviet-
Finnish Trade Union Commission was held in
Helsinki 27-30 June 1958. The Soviet delegation
was headed by V. V. Grishin while the Finnish
group was led by E. Antikainen. At the meeting
it was decided to consolidate ties between the two
national Centers, between branch trade unions
and their primary organizations and in addition
to exchange information on trade union activity.
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1. Two organizational problems face the WFTU. The
first of these is how to bridge the gap between the
organization and the peoples of Africa and Asia. At
the 17th Session of the Executive Committee of the
WFTU it was decided to abolish the Asian-
Australasian Liaison Bureau of the WFTU located in
Peiping. At the same meeting the Executive Com-
mittee pledged its complete support to the Permanent
Secretariat for Afro-Asian Solidarity which had been
established as a result of the Afro-Asian Peoples
Solidarity Conference held in Cairo 26 December
1957 - 1 January 1958. The WFTU Executive
Committee also offered the Permanent Secretariat
for Afro-Asian Solidarity its cooperation so as to
'rally the people of Asia and Africa to ensure peace
in the world, fight against colonialism, win and safe-
guard national independence, develop national economy
and raise workers' living standards". In this connec-
tion it is of interest to note that TUNG Hsin, then
secretary of the Secretariat of the All China Federa-
tion of Trade Unions* as well as a member of the
Executive Committee of the WFTU, had traveled to
Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and the Sudan in early 1957
and was reported to have urged trade union leaders
to support an Afro-Asian gathering. TUNG Hsin
subsequently returned to Cairo as a Chinese delegate
to the Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference in December
1957. He again visited Cairo for two weeks in May 1958.
He was, however, relieved of this position in August 1958.
See 2, immediately following.
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The second problem of the WFTU is essentially a
disciplinary one of dealing with revisionist tendencies
in trade unions affiliated to WFTU. The charges
directed against revisionism in trade unions were
outlined in a Pravda article of Z8 April 1958 by Boris
Ponomar. ev, a leading Soviet theoretician.
"Rightwing opportunists in the Communist
parties of Capitalist countries often deny
the indispensability of strong parties ral-
lied closely together on the ideological
basis of Marxism-Leninism. Certain
people in the revisionist groups have
called openly for the dissolution of Com-
munist parties. This restores the trade
unionist point of view, which was smashed
by Marxism-Leninism long ago, that in
the countries where mass Communist par-
ties do not exist the workers masses
should become integrated increasingly
through the trade unions in the process of
the struggle to consolidate the influence of
the working class on society and its lead-
ing role in the system of authority.. .
Marxist-Leninists evaluate highly the
activity of the trade unions but without the
Communist parties the trade unions cannot
bring about the socialist aims of the work-
ing class. "
Georghe Apostol, Chairman of the Central Council of
Trade Unions of Rumania, in a speech delivered at a
joint meeting of the Bucharest trade union aktiv and
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delegates of the Central Council of Free Hungarian
Trade Unions on 21 July 1958, stated that the
problem "of outstanding importance at the present
for the international working class movement and,
therefore for the trade unions too, is the unmask-
ing and firm combating of contemporary revisionism
which promotes the influence of the bourgeois
ideology in the ranks of the working class". Citing
a specific case he said that revisionist ideas had
been formulated by Yugoslav leaders concerning
"the role played by trade unions in the period of
building socialism".
At the eighth session of the Executive Committee
of the All China Federation of Trade Unions held
in Peiping 6 August 1958, certain leading cadres of
the trade unions were criticized for their
"erroneous ideas of fighting against the party and
the government power, of worshiping spontaneous
movements of workers and of usurping the party's
guiding principles for the trade union movement".
Trade Union workers were called upon to "pulverize
the rightist inclined opportunism which usurps
the party guiding principles for trade unions and
surrenders to the bourgeoisie".
LIU Ning-i, Vice Chairman of the All China Federa-
tion of Trade Unions, pointed out at the same
session of the Executive Committee that "trade
union organs should unconditionally accept the
leadership of the Communist Party. Alienated from
the party leadership, there will be no socialism,
nor will there be any genuine movement of workers.
Trade unions should be mass organizations of the
working class with clear-cut revolutionary
characteristics" IT.
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At this eighth session the Executive Committee
relieved both CHEN Yung-wen and TU Tsun-hsun
of their membership and duties in the Executive
Committee because of their "rightist activities".
TUNG Hsin, previously mentioned above, was
relieved of his position as secretary of the
Secretariat and of membership in the Presidium;
WANG Jung was relieved of his membership in
the presidium of the All China Federation of Trade
Unions for unspecified reasons.
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VI. WORLD FEDERATION OF SCIENTIFIC
WORKERS (WFSW)
A. ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
1. WFSW COUNCIL MEETING, Basel, Switzerland,
February 1958.
At this meeting, the WFSW council decided not to
cooperate with the WPC in preparation for the World
Conference for Disarmament and International
Cooperation to be held in Stockholm in July. (See
I-A-9 above) This was the first time full cooperation
with the WPC had not been accepted and urged. It
appeared to be a gesture designed to facilitate the
re-entry of the WFSW into consultative status in
UNESCO. The resignation of the late Frederic Joliot-
Curie, member of the French Communist Party
Central Committee, as president of the WFSW may
have been for the same motive.
2. Circulation of the Linus Pauling Petition to the UN
against Atomic Tests, Spring 1958.
Linus Pauling (US) obtained the signatures of 9000
scientists from various countries. Many of these
scientists were his colleagues when he was a Vice
President of the WFSW. The petition led to a suit
against the US filed in Washington claiming that
atomic fall-out was damaging human health. The
suit was also signed by many well-known persons,
including Norman Thomas, Martin Niemoeller,
Bertrand Russell and Brock Chisholm, former
director of the World Health Organization of the
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United Nations, who was recently made an officer
of the WFSW.
3. Second Conference of Atomic Scientists, Pugwash,
Nova Scotia, April 1958.
This conference was the second of such affairs that
took place at the estate of Cyrus Eaton, Cleveland
industrialist, after a "call" for it from Bertrand
Russell. The WFSW at its annual congress in
September 1957 took credit for the preparation of
the first Pugwash conference held in the summer of
1957, and presumably also assisted in staging the
second conference.
4. WORLD CONFERENCE OF SCIENTISTS, Vienna and
Kitzbuehel, 14-21 September 1958.
This conference is sponsored by the Koerner Foundation
of Austria, a highly respectable organization of which
Adolf Schaerf, the President of Austria, is an official.
The WFSW is staying carefully in the background but
its president, Prof. Cecil F. Powell of England,
and other WFSW members were active in its prep-
aration, the WPC and IIP heavily propagandized it,
and it is openly called the 3rd Pugwash conference
or "a continuation of the Pugwash conferences"
by its organizers, who include Bertrand Russell,
Cecil F. Powell, Professors Rabinowitch (USA),
Rotblath. (England) and Skobeltzyn (USSR). In fact
these organizers signed their letters of invitation
"The Continuing Committee of the Pugwash
Conferences. "
Meetings are to take place in Vienna and Kitzbuehel;
speeches will be given at the latter location by the
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41 1
Lord Mayor of Vienna, the President of the Austrian
Republic, Mr. Eaton and Lord Bertrand Russell,
according to the announced agenda. The agenda is
as follows:
a. Review of the previous Pugwash Conferences
b. Dangers of War and Nuclear Tests: material
destruction and economic consequences;
biological effects.
c. Relaxation of Tensions and Disarmament
Problems: consequences of the arms race; tech-
nical and political aspects of disarmament;
problems of trust among nations; promotion
of international cooperation; world security
system-.
d. Living in the Scientific Age: education for the age
of science; constructive uses of science and
technology; energy sources and population
problems; responsibilities of scientists in the
atomic age.
e. Further Organization of Activities: /This item
indicates planning toward a permanent organization-
a long-time ambition of the WPC and WFSW./
f. Discussion of a Public Statement
If the Communists among the delegates succeed in
controlling the conference, the public statement may
consist of a summary of the propaganda of the current
Soviet campaign for disarmament and the prohibition
of atomic tests, in which case full use will be made
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Y }
of it in Communist media all over the world. Full
u-se will also be made of the windfall bf names of
prominent and respectable people who are used as
unwitting "front men" to further Soviet propaganda
and political objectives.
An attendance of about 80 scientists is expected,
preferably those in the atomic energy field. These
delegates will be the guests of the Koerner Foundation
while in Austria. Although the "Continuing Committee"
had some funds for travelling expenses of scientists,
it was hoped the date (just after the Geneva Atoms-
for-Peace Conference) would eliminate the need for
subsidies, and also persuade some scientists to
attend who would not otherwise have done so.
B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES (As expressed in the resolutions
passed by the 5th Assembly of the WFSW held in Helsinki,
September 1957)
1. The 5th General Assembly of the WFSW recommended
to its affiliated organizations to arrange in 1958
conferences on some scientific subjects for which
specialized international scientific organizations
have not yet been established. Topics were suggested
such as the problems of training scientific workers,
problems of the organization and financing of
scientific work, improving conditions of work, etc.
However, nothing has yet come of these proposals.
2. The General Assembly recommended that its
affiliated organizations increase the exchange of
delegations of scientific workers for short visits
to various states.
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1. In connection with work towards improving the
conditions of scientists, John Bernal, a WFSW
vice president, told a press. conference at
Helsinki that the WFSW is sending out questionnaires
to scientists throughout the world to serve as a basis
for discussion of scientists' working conditions, sala-
ries, etc.
This is the third of such questionnaires sent out
by the WFSW, one of which had notable connotations
of intelligence collection. Answers to all of these
questionnaires could be of use to Soviet information
and propaganda.
2. It was also decided to increase the circulation of
WFSW periodicals and other publications, particularly
of Scientific World, which is published in ten languages
and attained a circulation of 20, 000 in its first two
issues. Other publications include the house organ
WFSW Bulletin, WFSW Regional News Service, and
special publications such as The Social Responsibilities
of Scientists and Unmeasured Hazards, the latter a
report on nuclear tests which was widely distributed
by the International Institute for Peace in Vienna.
3. The WFSW is preoccupied with broadening its
membership and influence by stressing its "non-
political" character and trying to dispel the distrust
it has engendered throughout the Free World by its
past activities in.behalf of Soviet objectives. This
is evident in the precautions it has exerted in the past
two years and continues to exert to keep clear of any
action that might jeopardize its chances of regaining
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consultative status in the UNESCO. (It was
recommended in May 1958 by the UNESCO
Executive Board that the application be rejected.)
Speakers at the 5th General Assembly in Helsinki
in September 1957 as well as a message to the
Assembly from its retiring President, Joliot-Curie,
repeatedly warned the delegates that the current
distrust of the WFSW must be overcome by strict
adherence to scientific matters and that measures
must be taken to regain a broader representation.
The new President, Cecil F. Powell, admitted that
the WFSW does not at this time represent "a broad
spectrum of opinion" and that it is financed mainly
by the Soviet bloc. The treasurer, William Wooster,
reminded the Assembly that the WFSW had never been
able to organize the world conference of scientists
which is perennially on its program. (Note: This
"conference of scientists" has also been a WPC
project and has been featured in Soviet suggestions.
It was finally achieved by means of the "Pugwash
Conferences" mentioned above.) The resolutions
of the last WFSW conference in Helsinki were non-
political, condemned no one, omitted for the first
time an appeal for outright banning of nuclear
weapons, and went no further than to call for an
immediate agreement to end nuclear tests. However,
the main papers read were eulogies of the position
of scientists and the advances of science in general
in the Soviet Union, China, Czechoslovakia,
Rumania, Hungary and Albania.
D. ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
1. It may be possible that Frederic Joliot-Curie's
resignation after serving as president of the WFSW
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for eleven years was motivated to some degree
by the expediency of removing so prominent a
Communist from its leadership in order to
regain UNESCO status. This has been done in
other Comr_aiiist front organizations to some
extent. However, Joliot-Curie was not in good
health (he died on 14 August 1958); his announced
reasons for resigning were probably valid. His
successor, Cecil F. Powell, a cosmic ray scientist
of England, has been denied work in British sensitive
scientific posts for security reasons and has also
been denied passports to go to Moscow and to
East Berlin. Although not known as a member
of the Communist Party, he has been an ardent
fellow-traveler for twenty-five years.
Other changes in the officials of the WFSW made at
the 5th Assembly are minor--the principal posts
went to the same people with the exception of that
of Dr. Linus Pauling who was for years the
United States representative on the Council; his
post is mwmarked "vacant". It is possible that
Dr. Pauling is proving more useful to the
Federation in non-official status, as his recent
activity in conducting a signature campaign against
nuclear tests indicates. He claims to have gathered
more than 9, 000 signatures of scientists and he made
a point of stressing that no organization was behind
the campaign.
Z. The subcommittee of the Scientific Information Center
(set up at the 4th General Assembly in 1955) reported
that its work had consisted of circulating scientific
publications for a few months to a sample list
of affiliates who were asked to report on the value of
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this service. Up to the time of the conference,
favorable replies had been received from Bulgaria
and China.
This Information Center had sent out to the affiliate
organizations a schedule of scientific conferences
and trade fairs and had also distributed a prelim-
inary list of Scientific and Technical Conferences for
1958 and 1959.
3. As an example of the work done by a regional
center, of which there are eight, the report of the
WFSW Regional Center for Central and Eastern
Europe (in Prague) is cited. The Center had
established and maintained contacts with scientists
in Albania, Korea, Mongolia, and Rumania, .
keeping them informed about the aims and work of
the WFSW through publication of the fundamental
documents. Promising discussions were taking
place with the Viet Nam scientists. Russian
editions of WFSW documents were being sent to
Yugoslavia, Egypt, Indonesia and other countries.
Scientists coming to Prague were familiarized
with the aims of the Federation.
The Center had invited to Europe, or made it
possible to visit other countries, some 117
scientific workers from twenty-four countries.
It had helped in securing affiliation of scientists
from its area to various international scientific
bodies. It had recommended to its regional
branches that they participate in various scientific
congresses in other countries. In some cases
it had helped in establishing contacts between
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various scientific institutes in its region and those
of other countries. The Center praised the help
it received from the London Center Regional News
Service and from the News of the Indian Region.
It had organized a Regional Conference 28-29 October
1957 in Prague on the material and legal status of
the scientific workers. Summer exchange of
scientists had been accomplished between Germany,
Bulgaria, Rumania, and Czechoslovakia. The
Center, in charge of publishing the Russian language
editions of WFSW literature and distributing them,
had issued some 20, 000 copies of various publica-
tions and ten issues of Regional News Service.
It also distributes UNO, UNESCO and WHO
publications. Unmeasured Hazards was distributed
in 13, 000 Russian and 20, 000 German copies.
Two prominent Japanese atomic scientists had been
brought to lecture throughout the area and in the
Soviet Union. The Center helped "an independent
body of Czechoslovakian journalists" in their query
on the opinion of top-ranking scientists of the whole
world about danger of atomic energy. Their
answers were then printed in the daily press and
given to press agencies. The Pugwash Conference
results were published. The Center circulated
information about dates and venues of important
conferences to persons and organizations "which
have little access of information." The Center
helped the Radio International to prepare a series
of talks on the latest achievements in science.
Publications are being exchanged between UNESCO,
UNO, and "a great number of scientific institutions
and libraries in Europe, Asia and America." The
Center intends to intensify its contacts for information
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exchange, to improve regional distribution by
personal contacts with correspondents and by
setting up an editorial board. It will promote
national, regional, and international discus-
sions and conferences on subject common to
scientific workers--education of scientific
manpower, connection between science and
practice, proportional development of science
in present society, problems of nuclear energy,
etc .
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VII. THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
DEMOCRATIC LAWYERS (IADL)
A. ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
1. IADL CONFERENCE, Colombo, Ceylon, 3-8 May 1958.
The agenda of this conference was mainly concerned
with:
a) The activity of the IADL in favor of disarmament
(they claimed to have discussed this from the
point of view of the United Nations and its
Charter)
b) Principles of coexistence
c) Prohibition of atomic and hydrogen bomb tests
and use of the tests as diplomatic weapons, in
relation to international law
d) Possible expansion and development of IADL
activities
e) Proposal for a conference of lawyers in a
non-European capital for early 1959.
The Conference expressed full support of collabo-
ration with the WPC-sponsored Conference for
Disarmament and International Cooperation in
Stockholm (see I-A-9) and for the Conference
Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs in Tokyo
(see I-A-11). The Ceylonese Minister of Justice,
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M. W. H. DeSilva, was elected a Vice President
of the IADL and Prime Minister Bandaranaike
made the opening address. The purpose for
holding the conference in Colombo was probably
to cultivate the anti-Western sentiment which
already exists among Ceylonese intellectuals
and to influence local lawyers as well as to get
publicity for the Soviet disarmament and anti-
nuclear tests campaign. However, although the
local IADL affiliate was the host for the conference,
many of its members are not leftist and belong to it
chiefly for professional reasons. Other local
lawyers paid little attention to the conference and
the Prime Minister's remarks were very general
and noncommittal.
Delegates from 17 countries attended the conference--
Belgium, Burma, Ceylon, China, Czechoslovakia,
France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, India,
Indonesia, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Pakistan, Poland
and USSR.
2. International Colloquium on Private International Law,
Mari.ansky-Lazny, Czechoslovakia, 7-15 July 1958.
3. Discussion Meeting on "Safety at Work", London,
September 1958.
This meeting was initiated by the Haldane Society.
B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
1. 7th IADL Congress, 1959 (Date and location not yet
announced.
The Bureau has been instructed to make arrangements
for this congress.
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2. The IADL Secretariat was instructed to arrange
a meeting in either London or Brussels between
the Bureau and the IADL English and Belgian
sections at which problems raised by these
two sections regarding IADL action during the
crisis in Hungary would be discussed "and
resolved". (These two sections had complained
during the November 1957 IADL conference in
Moscow that no replies had been received from
the IADL when they requested information on this
crisis.)
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
The Council decided at Moscow in November 1957 that
it must rid itself of the one-sided political reputation
that it had attained, regain its membership losses,
especially in Western Europe, and pay more attention
to strictly legal matters with special stress on
strengthening legality in socialist countries.*
It also decided to recommend to all the national sections
that they consider disarmament as a permanent and
primary task and to request the UN Secretary General
to seek new methods to find an efficient solution to
disarmament problems among the great powers, including
China.
*In this connection, at least one IADL figure, Danial
Latifi of the Indian affiliate, signed a critical letter
concerning the execution of Nagy by the Hungarian
government. This letter was published without comment
in the pro-Communist Indian newspaper Blitz in late
June 1958.
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Admitting shortcomings in the past, the Council
expressed the duty of the IADL and all sections to
answer promptly and comprehensively all questions
put to them on relevant matters (Note: an echo of the
dissension over the Hungarian situation).
The Council expressed its satisfaction over its
successfully sponsored Conference of Afro-Asian
Lawyers in Damascus in November 1957 and
instructed the Secretariat to disseminate reports
of the good work done there. It also expressed
satisfaction concerning the widening circulation of
Law in the Service of Peace and other IADL
publications and its intention to extend this circulation.
The Council directed the Secretariat to seek enlarged
contacts with lawyers' organizations in different
countries, to take an increased interest in legal and
scientific conferences, to make an effort to bring
the Yugoslav section back into affiliation, and to
find new forms and methods of work in order to
attract an increasing number of lawyers who would
help to consolidate peaceful coexistence between
states of different social and economic systems.
From the lessons of past difficulties, the General
Secretary drew the conclusion that in the future the
Association ought to publish resolutions or statements
of positions on controversial problems put out by
national groups without necessarily associating itself
with such pronouncements. This was put into practice
at the Moscow Council meeting by publishing two
resolutions made by the People's Democracy of Korea
and the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam respectively.
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The Koreans again charged the United States with
atrocities and violations of the Armistice Treaty;
much the same thing occurred against the South
Viet Nam authorities in the Viet Nam resolutions.
The IADL Council decided (a) to bring these decla-
rations to the knowledge of the UN Secretary General;
(b) to make representations to all foreign powers
involved to permit Korean and Vietnamese peoples
to be masters of their own destinies; (c) to make
representation to all powers involved that they
respect international agreements in Korea and
Viet Nam; (d) to make representation to the
competent authorities that they respect principles
of law... and punish those responsible for crimes;
(e) to make representation to all parties involved
to induce them to refrain from importing new
armaments, particularly atomic weapons... or new
personnel... , and to put an end to the construction
of military bases.
D. ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
THE COUNCIL MEETING in Moscow in November 1957
elected two new Vice Presidents- -Professor HIRANO
Yoshitaro of Japan and Ali Badawi of Egypt, former
Minister of Justice and former Dean of the Law Faculty
of the Cairo University. The Council elected Mario
Berlinguer of the Rome Supreme Court of Appeal and
Professor Bystricky of Prague to the Secretariat. It
accepted the resignations of Stuart Shields, the British
secretary, and Istvan Kovacs, the Hungarian secretary,
without nominating their successors, because the
Haldane Society and the Hungarian Association would be
making proposals in this connection.
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VIII. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF
JOURNALISTS (IOJ)
A. ACTIVITIES HELD
1. International Conference of Reporters, Bucharest,
11-13 May 1958.
This meeting, sponsored by the IOJ and organized by
its Rumanian affiliate, was open to all journalists.
Journalists from 23 countries were reported in
attendance, but total attendance fell far short of the
170 originally anticipated. The following reports
were among those presented:
a. Reporting as a Means of Understanding and
Rapprochement Between the Peoples, by
Gheorghe Ivascu (Rumania)
b. Current Tendencies and Personalities of Modern
Reporting, by Maria Sedlakova (Czechoslovakia)
c. Sensational Facts in Reporting - Their Harmful
and Their Useful Effects, by Jocelyn Dos
Santos (Brazil)
d. Color and Ideas in Reporting, by Ilya Kotenko
(USSR)
The Conference adopted a vaguely worded appeal
calling upon reporters to bar any war propaganda and
to express objectively and realistically the great con-
cern of the people for the future", before "the bombs
of atomic death start dropping."
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2. Fourth Congress of the IOJ, Bucharest, 15-18 May 1958.
a. This Congress, the first held since 1950, was
attended by 60 delegates and 21 observers from
28 countries. The Congress adopted a resolution
on "peace" and also a resolution on the co-
operation and unity of journalists. The latter
resolution stated that the "Congress has decided,
wherever there is an opportunity, be it on a re-
gional plane, through specialist journalist
circles or through agreements based on concrete
points of common interest, to promote every
possible forward move in the field of co-operation
between journalists until their complete interna-
tional unity has been achieved."
b. The Congress also decided to establish an "Inter-
national Prize for Journalists" of $500. 00. The
first awards will be made in December 1958 by
an international jury selected for the purpose.
B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
Second International Conference of Journalists.
During the 7th National Conference of Brazilian Journal-
ists, 7-14 September 1957, a meeting was held of those
journalists who had attended the International Conference
of Journalists in Helsinki in 1956. Jean-Maurice Hermann,
President of the IOJ, attended the meeting. The partici-
pants addressed a letter to the "Committee for Coopera-
tion of Journalists" requesting the Committee to convene
the conference in the near future. The "Committee for
Cooperation of Journalists" was created at the Helsinki
meeting which was held under the covert sponsorship of
the IOJ. The headquarters of the Committee is in Paris.
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The Fourth Congress of the IOJ resolved to "confirm
that the decisions taken by the Helsinki meeting of
journalists are and remain the object and entire
attention of the IOJ. "
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
1. International Holiday Center for Journalists. The
Center, also referred to as the Journalists' Rest
Home, is now under construction in Bulgaria on the
coast of the Black Sea. The Fourth Congress of the
IOJ charged the IOJ Executive Committee with
organizing a collection for the building, endowment,
and cost of running this rest home.
2. International Solidarity Fund. At the Fourth Congress
of the IOJ it was decided to call on journalists the
world over to institute a day of solidarity with jour-
nalists subjected to repression because of their work
for peace. Wages for this day to be entirely or in
part paid into the Solidarity Fund of the IOJ.
The International Solidarity Fund of the IOJ was
created in 1953 to 'render aid to journalists "who are
subjected to any type of discrimination and persecuted
for truthful reporting."
3. Visit of Soviet Delegation. Daniil Kraminov, a vice
president of the IOJ, was a member of a delegation
of Soviet Journalists which visited Argentina,
Uruguay, Chile and Panama during May and early
June 1958. Kraminov is also Chairman of the Inter-
national Relations Committee of the Organizational
Bureau of the Union of Soviet Journalists.
4. Application for Consultative Status in UNESCO. In
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mom
May 1958 the Executive Board of UNESCO recom-
mended that the IOJ's latest application for consult-
ative status be rejected by the General Conference
of UNESCO when it convenes in November 1958.
D. ORGANIZATIONAL NOTES
1. Change of Statutes. At the Fourth Congress of the
IOJ the statutes were amended so that now the IOJ
Congress will meet every four years instead of
every two years as heretofore. Between Congresses
the Executive Committee is to be the supreme leading
body of the IOJ.
2. New Affiliations. The Fourth Congress also accepted
the affiliation of journalist groups of Madagascar and
Aleppo (United Arab Republic). The application of
the "Organization of Ceylonese Journalists" was also
accepted. (The Statutes of the IOJ provide for mem-
ber ship of individuals, groups and national organiza-
tions of journalists. A Ceylon group, also known as
the Ceylon Branch of the IOJ, was already affiliated
to the IOJ. Presumably it has transformed itself
into a national organization known as the Organization
of Ceylonese Journalists and was accepted by the Con-
gress as the national affiliate for Ceylon.)
3. New Officers. Tho following were elected or re-
elected to the Bureau of the IOJ by the Fourth
Congress:
President: Jean-Maurice Hermann (France)
Vice Presidents: Michal Hofman (also reported as
Mickal Hoffman) (Poland)
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TENG To (Communist China)
Renato Leduc (Mexico)
Daniil Kraminov (USSR)
Place reserved for Africa
Secretary General: Jaroslav Knobloch (Czechoslovakia)
4. Editorial Staff of The Democratic Journalist. The
Editorial Staff of the IOJ's official publication is now
composed of the following individuals:
Editor: Jaroslav Knobloch (Czechoslovakia)
Editorial Board: AN Gan (Communist China)
Jean-Maurice Hermann (France),
President of IOJ
A. I. Langfang (USSR)
T. Lipski (Poland)
K. Zieris (Czechoslovakia)
B. Nonev (Bulgaria)
TIN Bin-Gu (Korea)
Editorial Secretary. Z. Dvoracek (Czechoslovakia)
This appears to be an unusually large Editorial
Staff for a monthly publication consisting of only 12
pages.
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IX. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF
RESISTANCE FIGHTERS (FIR)
A. ACTIVITIES HELD OR SCHEDULED
1. Bureau Meeting, Prague, 15-16 March 1958.
A Communique was issued at the close of the
meeting which
a. called on member organizations to do their
utmost to make the FIR Congress, to be held in
Vienna 28-30 November 1958, a great manifes-
tation of loyalty, unanimity and brotherhood,
uniting all resistance fighters;
b. stated that the FIR Bureau had accepted an
invitation to take part in the World Congress for
Disarmament and International Cooperation;
(See I-A-9)
c. expressed opposition to the revival of German
militari sm;
d. expressed the desire that a Summit conference
be held as soon as possible.
Buchenwald Memorial Inauguration, September 1958.
Three thousand members of national resistance organ-
izations from a number of European countries are to
be invited to the opening ceremonies. Premier Otto
Grotewohl of the German "Democratic" Republic is
Chairman of the Buchenwald Memorial Center
Committe e.
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3. THIRD CONGRESS OF FIR, Vienna, 28-30 November
1958. Was originally scheduled for June 1958 in
Copenhagen.
Discussion topics:
a. Praise of the Historic Role of the Resistance.
b. Defense of the Rights of Resistance Fighters and
Victims of Nazism and Fascism.
c. Mutual Aid and Social Action.
d. Struggle for the Liberty and Dignity of Man.
e. Defense of Peace, of the Independence and the
Security of our Countries.
B. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
Second Information Meeting of Former Fighters and
Members of the Resistance Movement and War Victims.
This meeting was originally scheduled to take place in
Paris, 29-30 March 1958. The French Ministry of For-
eign Affairs, however, refused to grant entry visas to
representatives from Czechoslovakia, Poland and the
USSR. It is now planned that the meeting will be held in
another "country at a later date."
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
The FIR has announced that in cooperation with the Ger-
man Association of Victims of the Nazi Regime it is
establishing an international youth camp in the Black
Forest, near Stuttgart, for resistance fighters' sons
between the ages of 16 and 18. This is an extension of
the FIR's holiday program for children, which has hither-
to been confined to children up to 14 years of age.
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X. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING
ORGANIZATION (OIR)
16th Annual Conference of the OIR, Moscow,
12 -22 May 1958.
Eighty-nine representatives from 19 countries as well as
observers from Morocco, the United States, Yugoslavia,
the International Telecommunications Union, the Interna-
tional Radio Consultative Committee and UNESCO were
reported to have attended the Conference. The Conference
decided, among other things,
1. to hold its 1959 Conference in Helsinki,
2. to propose to UNESCO that the 10th General Confer-
ence of UNESCO should discuss the question of con-
vening in 1959 a conference of representatives of the
existing associations and unions of broadcasting,
3. to propose that the OIR become a founder member
of a new world organization attached to UNESCO:
The International Film and Television Institute,
4. to propose to the European Broadcasting Union the
convening in 1958 of a joint conference of experts
for exchange of information,
5. to give aid to Asian countries in broadcasting and to
urge construction of small cheap wireless sets
adapted to conditions in tropical countries.
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Regional Conferences. In an interview following the
above Conference Josef Weiser, Secretary General of
the OIR, stated that the Conference has instructed the
Administrative Council of the OIR. to sponsor further
regional conferences (such as the Asian Folk Music
Broadcasting Conference held in Peiping in April 1958).
C. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENTS
Application for Consultative Status in UNESCO. In May
1958 the Executive Board of UNESCO recommended that
OIR's latest application for consultative status be re-
jected by the General Conference of UNESCO when it
convenes in November 1958.
1. Election of New Officers. At the 16th Annual Con-
ference the following were elected or re-elected to
the new Administrative Council of the OIR:
Chairman: Vasily Ivanov (Bulgaria)
Vice Chairman: YU Yong-pyo (North Korea)
Secretary General: Josef Weiser (Czechoslovakia)
In addition to the above WEN Chi-tse (Communist
China) was apparently retained as a vice chairman.
2. New Affiliation. Just prior to the opening of the
Conference, the Administrative Council met and
unanimously decided to admit the Egyptian Radio of
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the United Arab Republic to membership. The
United Arab Republic is only the second non-
Communist country (Finland is the other) to
become a member of the OIR.
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XI. THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR
PROMOTION OF TRADE
This front dissolved its central liaison organization
in 1956 with the announcement that the national affiliates
were now in a position to proceed without it but urging them
to keep in touch with each other. The French section dis-
solved soon thereafter and other national sections have
become more or less inactive with the exception of the
Chinese, Japanese, East German and Korean Committees.
Even among these, there is a tendency to have the govern-
ments actually organize trade talks and missions in which
individual members of the committees participate.
However, the development of trade between East
and West remains a major Soviet objective and the need for
another international economic conference is a recurring
theme in the other Communist fronts. The Soviet Union
proposed such a conference for 1958 at the General Assembly
of the United Nations in February 1957. It has not yet been
scheduled, however.
With the convening of an Afro-Asian Economic
Conference in Cairo in December 1958, it is possible that
these national trade promotion groups may find it an oppor-
tunity to play an active role in organizing participation and
encouraging support of proposals which have Soviet bloc
endorsement.
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XII. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIETIES OF FRIENDSHIP
AND CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN
COUNTRIES
1. Between late October 1957 and the end of February 1958,
Soviet societies of friendship and culture with nine
countries were announced. These countries were: China,
Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
India, Italy and Poland. A clear forecast that additional
societies were to be formed was found in Pravda's comment
on 7 February that many proposals had been made concern-
ing the "necessity of establishing societies of friendship and
culture with other countries".
2. The formation of individual friendship societies was the
first step in a revamping of the Soviet Union's apparatus
for semi-official cultural contacts abroad. On 7 February,
Pravda stated that a special session of the VOKS Board,
under whose "auspices" the societies were established, had
agreed to unite the individual societies by establishing an
"alliance" of the societies. A national conference adopted
a resolution establishing the Union of Soviet Societies of
Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries.
Nina Popova, the VOKS head, was elected chairman of the
new Union.
3. The next step in this calculated pattern concerned VOKS
itself. In a broadcast of Z7 February, Tass Moscow
reported that the Board of VOKS had decided to "wind up"
its operations and surrender its functions and responsi-
bilities to the newly created Union of Societies. The timing of
this announcement was evidently intended to suggest that
the decision to dissolve VOKS was reached at a time subse-
quent to the 17-18 February conference. Actually, this
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decision must have been made at least at the time of the
conference and probably before. The Moscow corres-
pondent of the Italian CP newspaper, L'Unita, reported in
a dispatch dated 17 February that the new Union "shall
take the place of VOKS".
4. It is evident that VOKS has simply become the Union of
Soviet Societies of Friendship and Cultural Relations with
Foreign Countries. The term "dissolution" of the 33-year
old organization has no other real meaning. According to
Tass, VOKS will turn over to the new Union "its premises,
inventory, and other assets". Culture and Life, the
monthly periodical published by VOKS, will be the organ
of the new Union. Popova has become the new chief and
other VOKS personnel will undoubtedly staff the new Union
and play key roles within the individual societies.
5. Put in another way, the new approach and changes show
that the individual societies and the Union are probably
also designed
a. to provide a fresh and more flexible apparatus for
contacts with foreign countries;
b. to encourage public opinion abroad concerning the
Soviet Unionts friendship, peaceful intentions,
achievements, and maturity as a great nation;
c. to reach and influence persons heretofore uninter-
ested in the work of a friendship society with the
USSR existing in their own country;
d. to facilitate and encourage selected travel into and
out of the USSR;
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e. to exploit to a greater extent the foreign diplomatic
colony in Moscow for Soviet propaganda purposes;
f. to enable counterpart societies in Free World
countries to move away from the links that tie them
to the local CP1s (and thereby make them vulnerable
to enemy propaganda) by the establishment of a
bilateral relationship which could make frequent
association with the local CP unnecessary;
to provide the Soviet State Committee for Cultural
Relations with Foreign Countries with a more
useful adjunct in the field of unofficial contacts.
6. By the middle of July 1958, the total number of friendship
societies within the USSR had grown to twenty. Additional
societies were announced for Albania, the Arab East,
Belgium, Britaip, Bulgaria, Greece, Japan, Mongolia,
North Korea, Rumania and Sweden. Discussions were
also reported to be under way concerning the organization
of societies for Norway and the United States.
7. Organizational Notes
The new Union of Soviet Societies of Friendship was set
up with a twelve-member Presidium. The president of
the Presidium, Nina Popova, is assisted by five vice-
presidents. These have been reported to be
N. T. Sizov (candidate member, Moscow City Party
Committee)
N.
A.
Vizzhilin (a former deputy chairman of VOKS)
G.
M.
Kalishyan (a former deputy chairman of VOKS)
V.
I.
Gorshkov (possibly the Gorshkov who was reported
in 1952 to be a propaganda specialist in VOKS)
E. V. Ivanov.
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Another former deputy chairman of VOKS, Lidya Kislova,
is also a responsible official of the new Union and at pre-
sent appears to be Acting Chief of the American Section.
It is believed that most former VOKS officials and
employees are presently working in the new Union and
that it may in fact be necessary to augment the former
staff in order to handle the work of the various new
individual societies.
In all cases, the individual societies themselves are
headed by persons prominent in the arts, sciences, pro-
fessions, etc. Each society also has a "board" composed
of a dozen or more individuals who are prominent in
various Soviet circles. There is no doubt that the actual
direction and manipulation of the societies will be by the
area specialists within the geographic sections of the
Union.
Some friendship societies abroad are anticipating
improvements in their status because they feel that the
creation of individual societies in the USSR will result in
increased Soviet attention and support. It is likely that
an attempt will be made to have the local societies abroad
headed by prominent and non-political persons, as they
are in the Soviet Union.
8. In line with a general increase noted in direct Soviet con-
tacts abroad, both party and government, it is expected
that the new societies and the Union will also provide
another vehicle to be utilized as RIS cover and to hide
CPSU specialists giving guidance to foreign Communist
parties.
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CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF
INTERNATIONAL FRONT MEETINGS, 1958-1959
6-11 January 1958. IUS Executive Committee Meeting,
Leipzig. (WFDY-IUS)
63 (Text reference)
7-10 January 1958. The Administrative Committee of the
Trade Unions International of Public and
Allied Employees sponsored a meeting of
trade union representatives, doctors and
experts at Strasbourg, France. (WFTU)
144-145
8-9 January 1958. Executive Committee Meeting of
Democratic Union of Austrian Women,
Vienna. (WIDF)
127
8-10 January 1958. The Administrative Committee of the
Miners Trade Union International, Halle,
East Germany. (WFTU)
145-146
15-16 January 1958. WFDY Conference of European Children's
Organizations, WFDY Headquarters,
Budapest. (WFDY-IUS)
65
21-22 January 1958. Bureau of the Administrative Committee
of the Trade Unions International of Transport,
Port and Fishery Workers, Prague. (WFTU)
146-147
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12-15 February 1958. WFDY Executive Committee Meeting,
Budapest. (WFDY-IUS)
63-64
20-22 February 1958. Third Session of WIDF's Permanent
International Committee of Mothers
(PICM), Sofia. (WIDF)
13, 123
21 February 1958. Day of Solidarity with Youth and Students
Fighting Against Colonialism. (WFDY-IUS)
83
February 1958. WFSW Council Meeting, Basel, Switzerland.
(WFSW)
163
1 March 1958. Day for Banning Nuclear Weapons. (WPC)
25
8 March. International Women's Day. (WIDF)
126
21-28 March. WFDY World Youth Week. (IUS)
84
22-24 March 1958. World Peace Council Bureau Meeting,
New Delhi. (WPC)
25-26
24-27 March 1958. Constitutive Meeting of the International
Preparatory Committee (IPC) for the
Seventh World Youth Festival, Stockholm.
(WFDY-IUS)
80
198
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30 March 1958. Day of Solidarity with Algeria. (AASC,
WPC, WFDY, WFTU)
6, 26
30 March - 2 April 1958. 17th Session of the WFTU
Executive Committee, Budapest. (WFTU)
15, 16, 17, 139-140
5-6 April 1958. Second Congress of the Gathering of
Democratic Youth of Africa (RJDA),
Senegal. (WFDY-IUS)
75
6-13 April 1958. Friendship Week of Soviet and Finnish
Youth, Finland and the USSR. (WFDY-IUS)
83
14 April. International Day of Aid to Spanish Youth.
(WFDY-IUS)
84
15-17 April 1958. Executive Committee of TUI of
Agricultural and Forestry Workers,
Prague. (WFTU)
150
24 April. World Youth Day of Anti-Colonialism and
Peaceful Coexistence. (WFDY-IUS)
84
28 April 1958. Conference of African and Asian Youth,
Cairo, (WFDY-IUS)
73
April 1958. International Club in Brussels. (WPC)
26-27
T
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April 1958. Second Conference of Atomic Scientists,
Pugwash, Nova Scotia. (WFSW)
164
April 1958. IUS Conference of Student Sports Leaders, Sofia.
(WFDY-IUS)
65
Spring, 1958. Circulation of the Linus Pauling Petition to the
UN Against Atomic Tests. (WFSW)
163-164
3-8 May 1958. IADL Conference, Colombo, Ceylon. (IADL)
173-174
11-13 May 1958. International Conference of Reporters,
Bucharest. (IOJ)
179
15-18 May 1958. Fourth Congress of the IOJ, Bucharest. (IOJ)
180
16-18 May 1958. Argentine Congress for International
Cooperation, General Disarmament and
National Sovereignty, Buenos Aires. (WPC)
27-30
31 May - 2 June 1958. WPC Session, Vienna. (WPC)
30-31
1 June. International Children's Day. (WIDF)
126
1-5 June 1958. Fourth World Congress of the WIDF, Vienna.
(WIDF)
13, 123-124
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4-6 June 1958. Administrative Committee of the TUI of
Transport, Port and Fishery Workers,
Moscow. (WFTU)
147-148
20-22 June 1958. European Trade Union and Workers
Conference Against the Threat of Atomic
War and for Peace, East Berlin. (WFTU)
15, 140-141
23-24 June 1958. IPC Meeting (for Seventh World Youth
Festival), Vienna. (WFDY-IUS)
80
Spring-Summer 1958. Women's Caravan of Peace to Alert
People About Atomic Dangers, from United
Kingdom to USSR and possibly China.
(WIDF, WPC)
30, 124-125
2-16 July 1958. WFDY International Seminar for Youth
Sports Leaders, Neseber and Sofia.
(WFDY-IUS)
65-66
5-13 July 1958. Week of The Baltic Sea of Peace. (WPC)
31
7-8 July 1958. The First Workers Conference of the
Baltic Countries, Rostock. (WFTU)
15, 141-142
7-15 July 1958. International Colloquium on Private Inter-
national Law, Mariansky-Lazny,
Czechoslovakia. (IADL)
174
201
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14-20 July 1958. First World Trade Union Conference of
Young Workers, Prague. (WFTU)
16-17, 18, 142-143
16-22 July 1958. World Conference for Disarmament and
International Cooperation, Stockholm. (WPC)
5, 8, 25, 31-41
25-26 July 1958. TUI of Textile and Clothing Workers 3rd
International Conference, Sofia. (WFTU)
148-149
27-28 July 1958. 3rd International Conference, TUI of
Leather, Shoe, Fur and Leather Products
Workers, Sofia. (WFTU)
149
27-28 July 1958. 18th (Extraordinary) Session of the
Executive Committee of WFTU, Prague.
(WFTU)
17, 143-144
27 July - 3 August 1958. WIDF Northern Study Week, Trans-
berg, Gjovik, Norway. (WIDF)
125
28 July - 2 August 1958. Administrative Committee of the
World Federation of Teachers Unions (FISE),
a TUI of WFTU, Moscow. (WFTU)
150
30-31 July 1958. Formation of the TUI of Textile, Clothing,
Leather and Fur Workers, Sofia. (WFTU)
149-150
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1-8 August 1958. International Seminar of Youth and
Students on "The Peaceful Uses of Atomic
Energy and Youth", Moscow. (WFDY-IUS)
67
3-11 August 1958. WFDY International Seminar on Problems
of the Professional Training of Youth,
Prague. (WFDY-IUS)
66
4 August 1958. Italian Friendship Train left Venice. (WPC)
41-42
6 August 1958 Eighth Session of Executive Committee of
All China Federation of Trade Unions,
Peiping. (WFTU)
161
12-20 August 1958. Fourth Conference Against Atomic and
Hydrogen Bombs, Tokyo. (WPC)
42-44
16-22 August 1958. International Conference on Social and
Economic Problems of Students and Work
of Student Organizations in This Field,
Cracow, Poland. (WFDY-IUS)
67-68
20 August - 3 September 1958. Asian-African Film Festival,
Tashkent. (AASC)
57
August 1958. Symposium on Student Activities for Peace,
Tokyo. (AASC)
58
203
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S -
4-13 September 1958. Fifth Congress of the IUS, Peking.
(WFDY-IUS)
64
6-12 September 1958. Festival of African Youth, Bamako,
French Sudan, F.W.A. (AASC and WFDY-IUS)
59, 75-76
12-13 September 1958. First Meeting of the International
Committee For Solidarity With Algerian
Workers, Cairo. (WFTU)
144
14-21 September 1958. World Conference of Scientists,
Vienna and Kutzbuehel. (WFSW and WPC)
44, 164-166
18-20 September 1958. International Peace Conference,
Oslo. (WPC)
44-45
21-25 September 1958. Third International Conference of
the TUI of Metal and Engineering Industries,
Prague. (WFTU)
150
September 1958. International Labor Conference in Support
of Arab Liberation, Cairo. (AASC)
59
September 1958. Discussion Meeting on "Safety at Work",
London. (IADL)
174
September 1958. Arab Popular Conference, place not
designated. (AASC)
59
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1-5 October 1958. Conference of Afro-Asian Writers,
Tashkent. (AASC and WPC)
45, 57-58
16-19 October 1958. Second World Conference, TUI of
Agricultural and Forestry Workers,
Bucharest. (WFTU)
150-151.
October 1958. International Preparatory Committee
Meeting for the Afro-Asian Youth and
Student Conference, Cairo. (AASC and
also WFDY-IUS supported)
58, 73-74
Late October 1958. IUS International Meeting of Travel
Experts, Warsaw. (WFDY-IUS)
66
10-17 November. International Students Week. (IUS)
84
November 1958. 19th Session of the WFTU Executive.
Committee, Warsaw. (WFTU)
144
4-7 December 1958. Congress of the Peoples of Latin
America, Buenos Aires. (WPC)
46
8-11 December 1958. Afro-Asian Economic Conference,
Cairo. (AASC)
58
December 1958. All-African People's Conference, Accra.
(AASC)
60
205
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December 1958. Conference of the Afro-Asian Peoples'
Solidarity Council, Bangkok. (AASC, WPC)
46, 61
December 1958. IUS International Study Tour of Egyptian
Ancient Historical Relics, Egypt. (WFDY-
IUS)
76
Late 1958. Congress of European Intellectuals Against
Atomic Armaments. (WPC)
46-47
2-15 February 1959. Afro-Asian Youth and Student Confer-
ence, Cairo. (AASC and WFDY-IUS)
58, 74
26 July - 4 August 1959. Seventh World Youth Festival,
Vienna. (WFDY-IUS)
76-80
October 1959. Third International Conference of TUI of
Workers of Building, Wood and Building
Materials Industries, Budapest. (WFTU)
151
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INDEX OF PERSONS
ABU-MUMUNI, 39
ADDUCCI, Giacomo,
154
AGBOTAN, Ambrose,
76
ALLARD, Baron, 26,
27
AMADOR Perez, Jose, 155
AN Gan, 183
ANDREEN, Andrea, 135, 136
ANTIKAINEN, E., 158
APOSTOL, Georghe, 154, 160
AVILA, Rafael, 147
BABAK, Sadek, 119
BADAWI, Ali, 177
BALSAMO, Vincenzo, 102
BANDARANAIKE, Solomon W. R. D. , 174
BARA, Lo Cheik, 98, 99, 100
BERE ZI N, V., 154
BERLINGUER, Mario, 177
BERNAL, John, 167
BERNINI, Bruno, 100
BERTRAND, Simone, 132
al-BI NDARI , Muhammad Kamil, 39
BLUME, Isabelle, 31, 32, 38, 53, 54
BOHM, Johan, 158
BONDARENKO, Vladimir Stepanovitch, 158
BONNEVIE, Carl, 44
BONSDORF, Prof. von, 52
BOYD-ORR, Lord, 33
BRANDENWEINER, Heinrich, 52
BRANTING, George, 33
BRAS, Marcel, 154
BUGROV, Evgenii, 117, 118
BYSTRICKY, Prof., 177
207
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CHANDRA, Rornesh, 39
CHATTERJEE, Satish, 148
CHAUDHURI, Sudhanshu, 118
CHEN Yung-wen, 162
CHENG Chi-ming, 119
CHEREDNICHENKO, E. T. , 158
CHISHOLM, Brock, 163
COT, Pierre, 36
COTTON, Eugenie, 131, 136
DARWIN, Charles, 50
DAUMIER, Honore, 51
DENIS, Jacques, 100
DE SILVA, M.W.H. , 33, 174
DIOP, Youssof, 75
DOBRETSBERGER, Prof., 54
DOS SANTOS, Jocelyn, 179
DUNCAN-JONES, Vincent, 32, 52
DVORACEK, Z., 183
EATON, Cyrus, 164, 165
ECHARD, Christian, 100
ENDICOTT, James, 28, 32,138, 44, 52
FIBBI, Lina., 149
FLOREA, Vasile, 82
FONSECA Amador, Carlos, 155
FRIEDRICH, Walter, 39
FRONDIZI, Risieri, 27
GAAFAR, Mahmoud Babiker, 101
GARCIA Castro, Ruben, 156
GAUBERT, Marie-Ange, 127, 132
GIDARY, Ettayeb Abu, 119
GOMEZ, Orlando, 101
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GORSHKOV, V. I. , 195
GRISHIN, V. V., 18, 157, 158
GROTEWOHL, Otto, 185
GUZMAN, Rodolfo, 155
HERMANN, Jean-Maurice, 180, 182, 183
HIRANO Yoshitaro, 177
HO Hsi-chan, 101
HO Sy Ngoi, 148
HOFFMAN, Mickal see HOFMAN, Michal
HOFMAN, Michal, 182
HUSSEIN, Ali, 119
IVANOV, E. V., 195
IVANOV, Vasily, 188
IVANOVA, Zoya, 132
IVASCU, Gheorghe, 179
JAF'AR, Mahmoud Babiker see GAAFAR, Mahmoud Babiker
JOLIOT-CURIE, Frederic, 37, 38, 53, 163, 168-9
JONES, Vincent Duncan, 32
KABOUREK, J., 154
KAIROV, Ivan, 150
KALISHYAN, G.M., 195
KERILOVA, Maria, 149
KHRAISHI, Ibrahim, 98
KIRALY, Bela, 36
KHRUSHCHEV, Nikita, 26
KISLOVA, Lidya, 196
KITCHLEW, Saifuddin, 39
KNOBLOCH, Jaroslav, 183
KOPECKA, Maria, 132
KORNEICHUK, Aleksandr, 39
KOTENKO, Ilya, 179
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KOVACS, Imre, 36
KOVACS, Istvan, 177
KRAMINOV, Daniil, 181, 183
KUAN Han Ching, 50
KUO Mo-jo, 8, 40
LAFITTE, Jean, 39, 52, 53
LAGERLOF, Selma, 51
LAMARCK, 50
LAMBERZ, Werner, 101
LANGE, Oscar, 37
LANGFANG, A.I., 183
LATIFI, Danial, 175
LEDUC, Renato, 183
LIPSKI, T., 183
LIU Ning-i, 161
LORINCZ, Tamas, 100
MAJUMDER, Sukhendu, 98, 99, 100, 119
MALENKOV, 37
MALVIYA, Narain, 32, 52
MASSIP, Antonio, 120
MATAMOROS Montoya, Marta, 156
MAURICE, Fernand, 149
MEVALD, Jaroslav, 149
MIHAL, Tchako, 149
MILTON, John, 51
MINELLA, Angiola, 132
MINEO, George, 149
MOHAMMED, Samir, 119
MOISESCU, Anton, 154
MONTERO, Alvaro, 155
MORA Valverde, Eduardo, 155
MORARU, Maria, 148
MUKAROVSKY, Jan, 39
MUMUNI, Abu see ABU-MUMUNI
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NAGY, Ferenc, 33, 36, 45, 175
NEFEDOVA, Olympiadi, 148
NEHRU, Jawaharlal, 25
NEHRU, Rarreshwari, 25, 33
NICOLESCU, Prof., 154
NIEMOELLER, Martin, 33, 163
NOCE, Teresa, 149
NONEV, B. , 183
OBOROTOV, Alexei, 117
OGATA Kohran, 50
ONO Ic hir o, 120
PANIGRANI, Chintarnoni M., 101, 102
PAULING, Linus, 32, 48, 163, 169
PAYES, Alioune Badara, 75, 76
PELIKAN, Jiri, 119
PENA, Lazar o, 18
PEREZ, Jose AMADOR see AMADOR Perez, Jose
PONCELET, Edgar, 102
PONOMAREV, Boris, 160
POPOVA, Nina, 193, 194, 195
POWELL, Cecil F., 164, 168, 169
PRAVIA Reyes, Tomas, 156
PROKSCH, Anton, 158
RABINOWITCH, Prof., 164
RAJAGOPALAC HARI, 39
RALEA, 154
RASHIDOV, Abd-al-Ghaffar, 57
ROTBLATH, Prof., 164
RUSSELL, Bertrand, 33, 46, 48, 163, 164, 165
RUSSELL, Dora, 135-6
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SAADI, 50
SAILLANT, Louis, 17, 139, 152, 153, 154
SAIONJI, Prince Kinkazu, 43, 53
SAITO Eiko, 132
SALDUCCI, C., 154
SALGADO, Domingo see SANCHEZ Salgado, Domingo Antonio
SANCHEZ Salgado, Domingo Antonio, 155
SARTRE, Jean Paul, 33, 46
SATO Shigeo, 43, 54
SCHAERF, Adolf, 164
SCHWEITZER, Albert, 48
SEDLAKOVA, Maria, 179
SHEVCHENKO, A., 157
SHIELDS, Stuart, 177
SHUKLIN, Andrei Benediktovitch, 158
al-SIBAI, Yusuf, 57
SIZOV, Evgeni Alekseevitch, 158
SIZOV, N. T., 1.95
SKOBELTZYN, Prof., 164
SOLOVIEV, Leonid, 157, 158
SOROKIN, Valentin, 52, 54
SPANO, V e lio, 39
SUGIRI, M. , 15
SURADI, Suharti Bintang, 133
TARGETTI, Ferdinando, 39
TANAKA Yuzo, 120
TENG To, 183
THIRRING, Prof., 30
THOMAS, Norman, 163
TIN Bin-gu, 183
TORRICELLI, Evangelista, 51
TU Tsun-hun, 162
TUNG Hsin, 159,162
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URIZ, Elisa, 132
VANHAUTE, Georges, 154
VARELA, Alfredo, 28, 53
VASEV, Giorgi, 82
VDOVIN, Valentin, 101
VIANU, Tudor, 154
VICENTINI, Luisa Gambetta, 132
VIGNE, Fernand, 32, 39, 44, 52, 53
VILLARD, 35
VIZZHILIN, N. A., 195
WANG Jung, 162
WEISER, Josef, 188
WEN Chi-tse, 188
WOOSTER, William, 168
YANG Shou, 57
YU Yong-pyo, 188
ZALAMEA, Jorge, 32, 53, 54
ZAMORA Suazo, Roberto Nicholas, 155
ZANTI, Carmen, 14, 127, 131, 132
ZIERIS, K., 183
c z-
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MISSING PAGE
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT MISSING PAGE(S):
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Afghanistan, 45
Albania, 102, 168, 170,
195
Algeria, 5, 16, 26, 36,
45, 84, 109,
110, 1-15, IZO,
121, 126, 128,
140, 141, 144
Argentina, 27-30, 38,
46, 53, 78, 83,
103, 133, 135,
181
Australia, 17, 45, 78,
104, 124, 135,
156
Austria, 9, 12, 13, 26,
30, 34, 39, 41,
43, 44, 52, 53,
54, 55, 76-80,
103, 105-6, 122,
123, 127, 131-132,
137, 153, 158,
164-6, 167, 185,
186
Belgium, 26, 48, 53, 81,
82, 102, 103, 124,
174, 175, 195
Bolivia, 114
Brazil, 38, 78, 83, 101,
114, 179, 180
Bulgaria, 47, 65, 68, 69,
82, 123, 127, 135,
148, 149, 153, 170,
171, 181, 183; 188,
195
Burma, 38, 45, 122, 174
Cameroons, 45, 60, 127
128
Canada, 32, 78, 85, 99,
103, 124, 135
Ceylon, 15, 17, 34, 38,
45, 51, 53, 78,
121, 124, 133, 137,
156, 173-4, 182
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Chad, 103, 109
Chile, 83, 101, 132,
181
China (Communist),
12, 40, 42, 43,
45, 50, 53, 58,
60, 64, 68, 72,
78, 85, 101, 102,
104, 110-111,
112-113, 117, 124,
127, 130, 159,
161-162, 168,
170, 174, 175,
183, 188, 191,
193
Colombia, 8, 53, 119
Costa Rica, 124, 155-156
Cuba, 120, 132
Cyprus, 36, 103, 109,
110, 115, 140,
141
Czechoslovakia, 16, 18,
38, 39, 40, 41,
66, 69, 78, 102,
107, 112, 117,
122, 124, 132,
142, 143 , 146,
149, 150,'153,
Czechoslovakia (cont. ),
168, 170-172, 174,
177, 179, 183, 185,
186, 188, 193
Dahomey, 75, 76, 103
Denmark, 31, 36, 49,
103, 124
Ecuador, 109, 114, 121,
138
Egypt, 5, 11, 14, 18, 20,
45, 46, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 63, 64,
73, 74, 76, 85,
99, 105, 119, 121,
127, 133, 135, 144,
157, 159, 170, 177,
188, 191
El Salvador, 124
Eritrea, 73
Ethiopia, 110, 128
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Finland, 18, 22, 5 3 ,
82, 83, 87, 102,
122, 157, 158,
166, 167, 168,
180, 187, 189,
193
France, 18, 46, 47, 49,
51, 53, 54, 78,
80