THE COMMUNIST PARTY PENETRATION PROGRAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-00915R000300240005-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 8, 1998
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: December 1, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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25X1 C10
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NOFORN/CONTI ROL
COMMUNIST AND COMMUNIST-SPONSORED MEETINGS
SCHEDULED FOR 1955 - EARLY 1956
(This list is not definitive. Changes may occur
after publication. The information contained in
the list may be passed to approved liaison serv-
ices. The compilation is based on information as
of 25 July 1955.)
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 6 March
6 March
8 March
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NOFORN/CONTIT ONTROL
Constituent Congress of Juventud
Communista in the Federal
District
Annual Conference of the Swedish
Peace Committee
International Women's Day
Administrative Committee Meeting
of the Trade Union International
of Transport, Port, and Fishery
Workers
- 226 -
Mexico City
NOFORN/CO1 CONTROL
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Implemented resolution passed
at CPM Congress in September 1951+
to transform the JC into an of-
ficial national organization
with the dual function of a
preparatory school to select
likely individuals for indoctri-
nation and as recruiting agency
through affiliations with as
many social and athletic clubs
as possible.
Proclamations, meetings, etc.,
reflected all of the current
Soviet-Communist propaganda.
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MEETING
International Fighting Day
against the Paris-London
Agreements
World Peace Council (WPC)
Bureau Meeting
NOFORN/CONT
CRET
NOFORN/CON CONTROL
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WFTU Secretariat issued an ap-
peal to all European workers to
observe this date against the
revival of German militarism.
An unpublicized meeting held un-
precedently soon after the "en-
larged" bureau January meeting
which launched the campaign for
a billion signatures against
atomic weapons. This meeting
reportedly decided that West
European peace groups should
switch their tactics from agita-
tion against German rearmament
to agitation against atomic
bombs with the suggestion that
failure of the new campaign
might mean WPC withdrawal of
support from national councils.
It was also decided to openly
acknowledge WPC activities in-
stead of working through osten-
sibly non-Communist groups.
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NOFORN/CONTI_7MlI%,.CONTROL
17-23 March
Congress for the Unity and
Independence of Austria
Executive Bureau Meeting of the
International Union of Building
Trades
Dobrets-
berger
National Assembly for Peace
and Security
Mexican
Peace
Committee
19-20 March (Congress of the German Youth I GYR
Ring
- 228 -
RET
NOFORN/CONT-nIiQ CONTROL
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Proposed that government should
send representatives to Moscow
as suggested by Molotov; sup-
ported WPC signature campaign;
protested alleged American "oc-
cupation" of the Tyrol and the
NATO "threat" to Austria.
Special errorts made to attract
unaffiliated "observers" who
were promised the right of floor
debate. Agenda included formu-
lation of a program to protect
labor, economic, and social
rights of workers "based on class
unity."
Principal task of this meeting
was to organize Mexican partici-
pation in the Helsinki World
Peace Assembly in June.
Convened to "unite all elements
against the revival of militarism
in West Germany and strengthen
the unity of all German youth."
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NOFORN/CONTINIlk CONTROL
19-21 March
21-31 March
Fifth Congress of the Communist
Party of San-Marino
National Conference of the
Chinese Communist Party
Peking IChiefly notable for the first
Shu-Shih, both once high in
favor of Mao, were expelled as
"agents of imperialism and the
bourgeoisie." 25X1 C8b
22-26 March
25-27 March
25-26 March
CRET
NOFORN/CON 'ED CONTROL
Semarang Discussed WPC themes, the forth-
disciplinary action in the Party
since 1938. Kao Kang and Jao
coming New Delhi Peace Conference
to Ease World Tensions, and the
Helsinki Assembly.
Bogota, Discussed peace, commercial and
cultural interchange, World
Youth Festival in Warsaw, es-
pecially the possibility of
selling coffee.
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26 March
28 March
Annual General Meeting of the
Science for Peace Organization
International Federation of
Agricultural and Forestry
Workers
Conference of the Federation
of the Union of Democratic
Youth of Algeria
Meeting of Hebron Peace
Partisan Leaders
Peace
Committee
Peace
Committee
30 March (Congress of Viennese Women I WIDF
- 230 -
Budapest
Algiers
NOFORN/C0NTTM QNTROL
Agenda included the implementa-
tion of Warsaw WFTU session de-
cisions, the united struggle of
agricultural workers for a labor
code, the enforcement of the in-
ternational legal convention on
labor, and the control committee's
report.
"Time has arrived to select those
trustworthy of membership in the
Party"--it was also urged that
more peace supporters be recruited
in order to strengthen the JCP.
"For the happiness of our children
and the security of Austria."
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RET
NOFORN/CONT CONTROL
31 March -
1 April
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Arab Public (or People's)
Congress
International Day of
Liberation
Peace
Committee
NOFORN/COND CONTROL
Travancore- Scientists, doctors, students,
Cochin, India workers, writers, and peasants
spoke. 50,000 claimed to have
marched in procession.
No publicity until after Congress
ended. Denounced Turkish-Iraq
Pact, selected delegates for New
Delhi Peace meeting, called for
Near and Middle East peoples
linked by cultural, historical,
economic, and educational ties to
resist Western "threat." Khalid
Bakdash met leaders in a hotel
but did not attend the Congress.
During April and May, "liberation"
days celebrating the entry of the
Red Army into satellite countries
were held throughout the Bloc.
One of the most elaborate of these
celebrations took place 21 April
when Khrushchev headed a Soviet
delegation to Warsaw.
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2 April
3 April
Assemblee Nationale des
Forces Pacifiques
Third Annual Polish Peace
Conference
NOFORN/CONTINUONTROL
Peace
Committee
Peace
Committee
Drancy, France
4 April (Ceylon Peace Meeting I Peace
Committee
NOFORN/CON' O TROL
There was reason to believe that
the Molotov statement in February
to the effect that atomic war
would result in the end of only
capitalism and not of humanity (as
Malenkov had warned), had caused
malaise in the French Peace Move-
ment and with Joliot-Curie, WPC
President. However, Joliot-
Curie's speech at the Drancy
meeting closely paralleled the
current Soviet line. Resolutions
passed were designed to impede
the accomplishment of the Paris
Agreements, to further the signa-
ture campaign against atomic
weapons, and to support the
Helsinki Peace Assembly
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ECRET
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5-6 April
5-13 April
8-11 April
National Assembly-of the
Partido Popular Headed by
Lombardo Toledano
International Conference of
Architectural Students
Seventeenth Congress of the
Netherlands CP
8-11 April Fourth Congress of the Finnish ISDNL
Democratic Youth League
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Agenda included an analysis of
the national and international
situations by Lombardo, discus-
sion of the PP platform in con-
nection with the electoral
campaign.
Agenda stated that the Party would
support any government that. would
direct its policy towards prohibi-
tion of atomic weapons, prevention
of German rearmament and the Paris
Agreements, and support a collec-
tive European security system based
on national independence. De-
creased membership and De Waarheid
subscriptions also discussed.
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6-10 April
Asiatic Conference to Ease
World Tension
11-13 April Festival of Friendship between WFDY
Arab and Jewish Youth
- 234 -
NOFORN/CONTIR%JL CONTROL
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Designed to influence the Afro-
Asian Conference in Bandung be-
ginning 18 April, this conference
ran the gamut of Asiatic affairs
from the five principles of co-
existence named by the Indian
and Chinese Prime Ministers.. to
problems relating to disarmament,
colonialism, military blocs,
China's right to a seat in the
UN, Korean unification, inter-
national trade, and "normaliza-
tion" of relations between Asiatic
countries. A resolution was ap-
proved on the establishment of
an Asian Solidarity Committee
which will carry out liaison
among the national committees to
assist in implementing the con-
ference's decisions.
Attended by artists, priests, labor-
ers, students, all types of persons
packed the stadium. No attempt to
disguise its Communist origin.
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NOFORN/CONY OL
13-16 April
15 April -
15 May
17 April
MEETING
Constituent. Congress of the
International Association of
Trade Unions of Public Employees
and Related Occupations
Third Congress of the
Czechoslovakian Defenders
of Peace
Peace
Committee
17-24 April "Peace Week" Peace
Committee
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Beirut
Syria
This new group is an expansion
of the Postal, Telegraph, Tele-
phone, and Radio Workers TUI,
which was one of the weakest WFTU
internationals.
It was stated that the press is
of primary importance as an in-
strument for education and or-
ganization of the working masses and
that May Day constituted an excel-
lent occasion to mobilize all the
strength of the movement--this
month should be standardized for
all TU organizations which had
not yet established a traditional
date.
During which peace committees will
go from door to door gathering
signatures for the anti-atomic
bomb campaign.
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NOFORN/CONTW- CONTROL
18 April
Meeting of the Partisans of
Peace
In preparation of the Helsinki
Peace
Committee
Peace Assembly.
18-24 April
Bandung
Chou-En-Lai was not permitted to
Indonesia
dominate this conference as had
been feared. General discussion
of colonialism, economic coopera-
tion, social, cultural, and
economic problems, and the pro-
motion of good will among the
countries concerned.
21-24 April
Second National Conference
of the Indo-Chinese Friend-
ship Association
Anniversary of the Birth of
Lenin
22 April Congress of the Communist
,Party of Slovakia
22 April
Congress for Peace and
Security
E. German
Freedom
Council
Universal
Bratislava
Dresden
- 236 -
NOFORN/CONTINTROL
Premier Siroky failed to be re-
elected to the Politburo.
Also a precursor to the Helsinki
Peace Assembly.
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22-24 April
SPONSOR
29 April
30 April
April
Mid-April
Seventh National Congress of
the Union des Jeunes Filles
de France.
Congress of Ecuador CP
Sixth American Congress of
Educators
Fourth Congress of Austrian
Free Youth
April First Latin American Congress CUTCh
for Public Liberties and
Defense of the Democratic Regime
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Guayaquil
Santiago
Chile
Ostensibly called by the CGT, FO,
and Christian TU's, a published WFTU
letter caused the WFTU considerable
embarrassment by exposing WFTU spon-
sorship. Usual line.
Addressed by Billoux, "responsi-
ble" for youth activities in the
PCF--"youth can accomplish any-
thing."
Postponed until July--but meet-
ing opposition. A WFTU repre-
sentative was to be sent to
assist in the preparations.
Postponed until 26-29 June.
Planned primarily for LA labor,
the congress has the following
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NOFORN/CONTIN QTTROL
MEETING
3-5 May National Assembly of the Peace
Brazilian Forces of Peace Committee
- 238 -
Rio de
Janeiro
NOFORN/CONTROL
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objectives: to struggle for the
liberation of all labor and
political prisoners or exiles;
for personal liberty in labor,
politics, and religion; for
freedom of the press, radio; to
defend the democratic form of
government in LA countries.
WFTU appeal urged an intensifica-
tion of struggle against "agents
of capitalism and imperialism who
are feverishly preparing an ag-
gressive atomic war." Called for
"united, invincible front of the
forces of labor and progress
against atomic war, the remili-
tarization of West Germany, and
the provocations of American
imperialism in Europe and Asia."
Other Latin American countries
were represented. Speeches were
against atomic war "preparations,"
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 10-15 May
is t half
May
10-18 May
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Executive Bureau, WFTU, Meeting
Seventeenth Congress of the
Australian CP
East-West Trade Conference
Sydney
Peking
N0F0RN/C0NT R0L
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Unpublicized "enlarged" bureau
meeting discussed efforts of the
trade unions to achieve peace,
to prevent outbreak of atomic
war, and to insure workers'
rights. Preparations were also
made for an international con-
ference of women workers in July
1956. Admission of new members
to the WFTU discussed and the
1955 budget endorsed.
Resolutions passed on negotia-
tions for peace, higher living
standards, against sending troops
to Malaya and other Asian coun-
tries, and restoration of normal
relations with USSR. Sharkey and
Dixon re-elected.
The Committee for the Promotion
of International Trade (CPIT)
intimated that this conference
would be bigger than the Moscow
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"Conference of European Countries
for Insuring Peace and Security
for Europe" Beginning of Warsaw
Conference of USSR and East
European Satellites
RET
NOFORN/CONOL
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Economic Conference of 1950.
This was later changed to a June
date for a trade conference for
the Sino-Soviet bloc only and
has now been postponed indefi-
nitely, although three minor
conferences for Chinese only on
banking and overseas remittances
seem still to be contemplated.
This development followed Peking
purges which may have been a
factor although it is more prob-
able that coveted attendance of
prominent businessmen failed.
Announced as a conference to
discuss a treaty of friendship,
mutual assistance and a unified
command "in view of the ratifica-
tion of the Paris Agreements,"
this conference was chiefly de-
voted to organizing a counter to
the WEU (West European Union).
The Chinese People's Republic
had an "observer" at the meeting.
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16 May
MEETING
Conference on the Effects
of Nuclear Bombing
18-19 May
20-22 May
Asian and African Trade Unionist
"friendly, informal gathering"
Third Czechoslovakian Trade
Union Congress
All-China
Trade
Union
Federation
21-22 May (Ceylon CP Congress - Colombo Peace
Peace Conference Committee
Tokyo
Peking
Prague
Silkeborge
Jutland
Sponsored by the Communist World
Congress of Doctors, this meet-
ing "inspected" Hiroshima and
Nagasaki. Reportedly 13 Western
,doctors and representatives'from
the USSR, Czechoslovakia, and
Red China attended.
Allegedly held because of the
joint proposal of Japanese,
Indian, and Indonesian workers
who came to Peking for May Day,
the meeting was called an un-
precedented occasion for strength-
ening the growing unity of the
working classes of these coun-
tries. A similar attempt to win
unaffiliated unions was made last
May in Peking.
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 2 5 May
25 May
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NOFORN/CONTINUED L
World Assembly of the Forces
for Peace
Sixth National Conference of
the Democratic Front of Korean
Residents in Japan
Fifth Parliament of the Free
German Youth (FDJ)
Visit of Soviet delegation
headed by Khrushchev and
Bulganin to Yugoslavia
- 243 -
NOFORN/CONTNTROL
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Postponed until 22-29 June.
The MINSEN reportedly broke
relations with the Japanese CP
and announced that the time had
come to work out a new policy for
Korean independence since Syngman
Rhee, not Japan, is their im-
mediate target.
Ulbricht spoke to 2500 Germans
and delegations from 14 countries.
Culmination of Yugoslav policy
towards the USSR came with this
unprecedented apology and trans-
fer of the blame for the break
to Beria--made at this time as
part of the Soviet campaign to
weaken the West when a Big Four
meeting is about to take place.
Repercussions expected in the
Balkan Pact countries, satel-
lites, and in the Trieste CP.
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NOFORN/CONTIlMW,D CONTROL
26-28 May
Annual Conference of the British
I WFSW
London
Dissatisfaction with WFSW af-
Association of Scientific Workers
filiation voiced.
May or June
International Seminar of Music
Prague
Students
12-17 June
Thirtieth Congress of Con-
Paris
federation Generale du Travail
(CGT)
Thirtieth Congress of the Con-
federation du Travail (CGT)
French labor unions
Second Congress of the Union
of Working Youth (DISZ)
15 June (Latin American Student Congress I FEUU
Much dissatisfaction has been
expressed regarding this organ-
ization because "the principle
of collective leadership does
not assert itself adequately."
Originally scheduled for May, the
sponsor of this meeting is Com-
munist-infiltrated but not Com-
munist controlled.
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 16-19 June
16-18 June
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NOFORN/CONTI OL
Fourteenth Congress of Italian
Communist Youth Federation
General Assembly of the Comision CAFI
Argentina pro Fomento del Inter-
cambio (Argentine Commission for
Promotion of International Trade)
State-wide meeting of "Every-
body's Committee to Outlaw War"
World Assembly of the Forces
for Peace
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Date changed from 2-1l June.
Among the delegations was one
from Communist China. Robert
Chambeiron, head of Committee
for Promotion of International
Trade (CPIT), attended.
A delegation will be selected
to present peace petitions at
the UN session taking place
there 20-26 June.
Biennial world peace congress
under fancy name. It is in-
dicated that a change of policy
towards open acknowledgment of
WPC activities instead of working
through cover organizations will
take place and a new Council will
be elected. The main propaganda
will be against atomic weapons
and results of the billion signa-
tures campaign announced.
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22-28 June
NOFORN/CONTINUED CON
International
Seminar
of
A new tactic
of
the
IUS which
Agricultural
Students
seems to be building new per-
manent front groups among
specific professions. Held
last year in Sofia "to view
first hand collectivism."
25-26 June
26-29 June
Congress of the People of
South Africa
Conferencia Latinoamericana Por
la Libertad
Latin American Social Security
Conference
June I Campaign for Korean Unification
Mexico City
Discussed under its original
April dace. This was post-
poned "indefinitely," by Com-
munists when they became con-
vinced they could not control
the meeting.
Much propaganda but no con-
firmation.
International Committees of in-
tellectuals, clergy, youth,
women, and politicians to be
formed to go to Korea and in-
vestigate prerequisites for
unification.
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 2-3 July
5-13 July
6 July
7-10 July
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Emergency Conference of Youth
against the Hydrogen Bomb
Plenary Meeting of CPSU
Central Committee
International Youth Conference
World Congress of Mothers
Festival
Committee
- 247 -
Coventry
England
Lausanne
Switzerland
NOFORN/CONTINUE
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Unconfirmed--believed to have
been confused with 6th of August
10th anniversary of the atom bomb
there. Communists plan a dem-
onstration meeting.
Preparations are claimed for 65
countries to participate. Loca-
tion of this meeting has been
changed from Vienna, Copenhagen,
and Paris as visas were refused
for Communists. The agenda
included reports on women's
activities throughout the world,
WIDF activities on behalf of
infants, women's rights, defense
of colonial countries independence,
Red China's right to off-shore
islands, peace campaigns, and
disarmament.
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NOFORN/CONTI CONTROL
10-22 July
14-18 July
Summer Camp
Sommerswalde
Germany
15 July
Celebration 33rd Anniversary
of CPJ
16-24 July
Seminar for Students of
Esbjerg
Pedagogy
Denmark
25 July
International Peace Caravan
of Teachers
July
Administrative Committee
Meeting of WFTU International
of Teachers
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To be held at Humboldt Univer-
sity. This is the second meet-
ing of what seems to be a new
front; the first took place in
Oslo last summer and secured
the cooperation of the Medical
Students' Council of Oslo.
To announce Japanese CP new
"peace look" and policy of
legal activity.
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NOFORN/CONY ONTROL
APPENDIX B
WORKERS' CORRESPONDENCE
Resolution of the Conference of the Worker Correspondents of the
Berlin "Rote Fahne"
The following resolution was adopted by the first Con-
ference of worker correspondents of the Berlin "Rote Fahne"
on the 28th December 1924, which was attended by 62 comrades
from the workshops and factories. Ed.
1. The task of the Communist Press is, according to Lenin, to be
not only the collective propagandist and agitator, but also the col-
lective organisor of the movement for the emancipation of the proletariat.
2. The communist newspaper can only prove itself equal to this
task, if, on the one hand, it is most closely united with the revolu-
tionary party of the proletariat and is subordinated to it, and on the
other hand, is in the closest contact with the masses.
3. The Worker Correspondent, who lives and works with the working
class, whose voice rings forth from the heart of the masses of the working
people, is the best link between the Paper and the mass of the workers.
4. The activity of the Worker Correspondents consists mainly in
reporting as to the conditions in work places, on the life of the
working people and on the bourgeois State; but of course no limit should
be placed on the literary activities of the worker. On the contrary,
the proletarian journalist and proletarian author can only arise from
the soil of the Communist Press.
5. The activity of the Worker Correspondents is Party work. The
proletarian reporter does not write to satisfy his dilettantism or for
his own amusement, but as a-class-conscious fighter who places himself
and his, pen at the service of the fight for the emancipation of the
proletariat. This is particularly important at the time when our party
Press is illegal.
6. It is the duty of the Worker correspondents of the "Rote Fahne",
to support and strengthen the Party struggle. The more the Party advances
towards becoming a true Bolshevist party, the more will the movement of
the Worker correspondents within the C.P. of Germany grow.
7. The recent election campaign has shown that the part played by
the Worker correspondents must on no account be under rated. In the
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coming fights and campaigns for an amnesty, in the elections of workers'
representatives, for the unity of the trade union movement etc., the
Worker correspondents must become important auxiliaries of our party.
8. It is the duty of the Party organisation in common with the
editorial staff to develop the present organisation of the district and
workshop reporters in such a way that no important event can happen in
the life of the workers, in the workshops, in the trade unions or else-
where~~in public life, without the Worker Correspondents of the "Rote
Fahne reporting upon it. The Worker Correspondents should work towards
the end that every working man and every working woman acts as a Worker
Correspondent. Only in this way can the "Rote Fahne" be developed into
a real workers' paper.
9. One of the most important tasks of the Worker Correspondents is
not only to collaborate in the "Rote Fahne" but also in the nuclei and
workshop papers. The Worker Correspondent who uses his pen as one of
his weapons against capitalism, contributes not only to the columns of
the "Rote Fahne" but also to all organs which are in the service of the
proletariat.
10. It is absolutely necessary to interest women and juveniles in
the work of reporting to the "Rote Fahne". Not only women employed in
factories and offices but also the wives of the workers may, by their
reports, depict many problems of the workers' life and put them in the
right light.
11. Connection with Worker Correspondents of other countries is
necessary in view of the international character of our fight. This
connection can and must be made through the "Rote Fahne".
12. The establishing of connections with the Worker Correspondents
of Soviet Russia is of extreme importance, because Soviet Russia is the
country in which the working class of the whole world is interested, and
as to which, therefore, the working class should principally be informed.
Further, Russia has the oldest Workers' correspondence movement of all
communist parties. In the same way as the C.P. of Russia was our in-
structor in revolution, so we learn from the BolshQvist Press of Lenin's
Party to prepare the revolution and carry it to a victorious end.
-258-
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CHRONOLOGY OF CHINESE STUDENT ACTIONS, APRIL-MAY 1955
27 April Hundreds of Chinese middle school students arrive in trucks
at Alexandra Road to support Hock Lee Bus Company strikers
with gifts of money and food and propaganda speeches and
signs; organize ring around strikers and sit and listen to
grievances voiced by workers' leaders; pledge "solidarity";
sing "Unity Is Strength"; agree to help workers maintain picket
lines.
Twenty truck loads of same kind of students giving same kind
of agitprop and material assistance to Alexandra Brickwork
strikers.
30 April- Students continue daily visits to Hock Lee Bus strikers,
3 May apparently increasing their numbers with each visit, bringing
food and money, propaganda handbills, helping maintain picket
lines, erecting barricades against passage of buses.
4 May Students support rejection by Hock Lee Bus Employees Union
of strike settlement terms proposed to employer by the
Singapore Bus Workers Union, the rival workers' union.
12 May On anniversary of the 1954 students riots and strikes, ap-
proximately 3,000 Chinese middle school students participate
in mob rioting. First reports state 2 persons killed and 12
injured; buses overturned and set on fire; roadblocks and
barricades set up by strikers with students playing a leading
role. Students attack police and carry on "round-the-clock"
pitched battles, particularly in the Alexandra Road area and
Tiong Bahru. These clashes localized, but Singapore police say
strikes and riots may spread. The Singapore Factory and
Shopworkers Union calls out 7,000 members. Strikes expected
in next few days at the naval base, the airport, in the cable
and wireless industry, and in the film industry. The Chief
Minister of Singapore, Mr. David Marshall, broadcasts strong
speech and says that "the pattern of action follows the Com-
munist technique..... It has become a question of trying to
destroy the Government." Police Chief says "The pattern
of action shows clearly that the attacks are upon the police
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as the executive arm of law and order." The hourly succes-
sion of events was as follows:
0600 Fifty strikers block the gate to the Hock Lee Bus depot in
Alexandra Road, stopping buses from leaving. They are joined
by about 500 pickets, mostly students, including girls who
join in singing and shouting defiant slogans. Assistant
Police Commissioner G.J.A. Haines and Police Superintendent
F.G. Minns arrive and tell crowd to disperse which they
refuse to do. Pickets remove stones from front of depot.
Soaked towels are distributed for protection against tear
gas.
Picket leaders tell police officials they "would die rather
than be moved."
0625 Buses due to go into service are driven toward gate but turn
back when the pickets start throwing stones at them.
0635 Mr. Haines calls for police reserves, a platoon of Gurkhas
with a trailer pump, and a magistrate to come to the depot.
06+5 The magistrate, J.M. Devereux-Colburn, arrives and, standing
in the rain, tells pickets not to be foolish and that if they
break the law force will be used against them. He orders
them to disperse and, when they do not do so, orders the
police to disperse them. Police connect hoses to fire
hydrants and turn huge jets of water on the pickets who
huddle together on the ground. The pickets withstand this
for about two minutes and then break up. Police reserves
move in and bodily carry away the remaining kicking, shouting
pickets.
0710 Police open the gates, and 18 buses move out in quick succes-
sion. Some of the pickets, again mostly students, rush the
gate and attempt to close it. Police push them aside, and
five more buses go through. The last two buses are stoned by
a new group of pickets who have been hiding. Windows and
windscreens are broken. Police draw their batons; pickets
run in all directions and regroup outside the depot. Mr.
Minns and three Gurkha officers suffer minor cuts and bruises.
Two persons are badly injured and taken to hospital. Cordon
of police thrown along street outside depot; police break up
camp where pickets had lived for 16 days, destroy Communist-
type propaganda posters, and take down loudspeaker and
microphone.
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o8+o Strike leader, Fong Swee Suan, urges men to remain where they
are if they are brave enough. Strikers and students raised
the hands in clenched fist salute and shout approval.
08-5 A police officer speaks through a Chinese interpreter and
warns against continued violence. The pickets jeer. A picket
leader announces that the men will stay where they are and
go on a hunger strike.
0915 Police clear away onlookers, numbering several hundred, and
broadcast an appeal to drivers of parked cars to move on.
The pickets still squat by side-of road.
1200 Two unidentified old women approach police sentries and ask
to be allowed through cordon. Police tell them they must take
long way around. Student pickets surge forward demanding
that police let the women through. On warnings from police,
the crowd retreated but soon surged back shouting at police.
1330 Hock Lee buses in several parts of city are stoned. Wind-
shields are smashed.
1400 General situation in Alexandra Road has deteriorated. All
31 buses placed in operation today have been attacked and
their windows and windshields broken.
Police put on emergency orders to stay on duty all night.
1+10 Twenty truck loads of students with 20 to 25 students per
truck stopped by police reserve unit at Tanglin-Alexandra
circus. Students were trying to reinforce pickets whose
number has already grown to more than 1,000, lined up on
both sides of road for about 500 yards.
1+30 Students in parked trucks become restive and throw stones at
police. Police charge and pull students off trucks and baton
those who will not budge. Students and other pickets attack
a police radio car.
1500 Tear gas used for first time by police. Riot squad moves in
with gas masks. Students hurl stones and wound some of
police. Police continue to advance and drive mob back as
much as half a mile.
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1530 The mob regroups and again advances on police. Police re-
newed tear gas. More truckloads of students converge on
scene from several directions. Police say they cannot stop
all these trucks and cannot effectively use fire hoses, be-
cause area is too wide.
1710 The mob of about 1,000 students and strikers again advances
on Alexandra Circus and jeers and abuses police. A shower
of stones, "some as big as bricks," are thrown at the police
who again fire tear gas rockets and cause the crowd to back up
once more.
1830 Five to six hundred students return and throw more stones.
Police are stoned from the crowd of "onlookers" on the flanks
as well as by those in front.
1930 "About 700 students" renew attack on police. Several police
are injured. Police use tear gas and charge, driving many
students into ditches alongside road. Police chief says a
separate and larger crowd is moving along Alexandra Road
toward bus depot.
2030 Two riot vans are stoned. Two police jeeps are also stoned.
Two cars attempting to get through the crowd at Alexandra
Circus are stoned and then burned by the mob. Occupants
attacked, and, when police moved forward to rescue them,
police chief gave order to use firearms if necessary.
2100 Student-led mob retreats. Policeman is beaten to death as he
comes through crowd, to report for duty. Police call in
reinforcements all along the four roads leading to Alexandra
Circus. Police inspector and a Special Branch detective are
set upon by mob; inspector escapes; his car is burned;
detective, a Malay, badly burned.
2130 Police move from Alexandra Circus back to original positions
in front of bus depot and the cold storage plant across the
way. Police commissioner arrives in a police van with a
badly injured Special Branch officer. Reports received that
mob is looking for detectives to beat them up. Order to
shoot if necessary still stands.
2215 Rioters are reported to be scattered in various areas around
Tiong Sahru, Redhill, and other parts of Queenstown, apparently
as the result of planned deployment rather than spontaneous
mob action. Students continue to play the leading role in
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each area. In the Tiong Bahru section, the rioters are
reported by police to be strongly entrenched behind houses
and barricades. Police chief estimates total number of
rioters as between 1,500 and 2,000, broken up into groups
of about 200. Two more police cars are stoned and burned.
Police lorry has bullet holes believed to come from a
revolver taken away by mob from a detective.
2300 Police report rioters using "some kind of ammonia gas in
cigarette tins." Police in radio car open fire from Sten
gun in the air as warning when their car is attacked.
2400 Report that a separate student-led mob action is taking place
at the Pepsi-Cola plant in Havelock Road and that mob has
tried to seize tear gas from a police vehicle. Another report
states a "European" was pulled out of a taxi at Henderson
Road and was beaten and left unconscious. (This was the first
report on what later turned out to be the mortal beating of
Gene Symonds, the U.P. correspondent.)
Further reports on student activities during the day indicate
that they appeared well-organized and well concentrated at
the points of greatest disturbance during the day. Many of
them obtained food from shopkeepers without payment. In
addition to the concentrations in and around the Hock Lee Bus
Company, students joined strikers, at the Green Bus Company.
A large crowd of students appeared at the Nanyang Manufacturing
Company. Here the students carried red flags and stopped all
vehicles trying to get through. Other students were writing
slogans on banners, and still others were reading mimeographed
sheets passed out by older students (possibly university
students).
13 May A day of "acute tension" following yesterday's widespread
violence, but incidents today were relatively minor. There
was "an almost complete absence of group activity by Chinese
middle school students in marked contrast to their part in
the fury of the previous night." The few noteworthy incidents
of the day were:
a. A more or less "aimless" march of the Hock Lee Bus strikers
around the depot, watched and accompanied by police. Students
did not participate but, in far fewer numbers than before, on
bicycle and on foot stood on the sidelines and watched.
b. A small column of students gathered in Penang Lane, the
site a year ago of the start of the march by students on the
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Governor's residence in protest against National Service.
Here stones were thrown damaging the British Electro-Plating
Company's windows and a car.
c. Another student column appeared "mysteriously" in another
section of the area and joined strikers in a demonstration in
front of the Singapore Traction Company Employees' Union
premises. This crowd sang songs and shouted slogans and then
marched off together with the other column converging on the
the scenes of yesterday's riots at Alexandra Road (time,
1330). The two columns met at St. Andrew's Cathedral grounds
where they rested for about half an hour.
d. The two columns were headed off by police and were warned
that, if they went beyond that point, they would be dispersed.
The crowd had now increased to about 3,000 persons and began
to form up on the nearby Hong Lim Green, a cricket field.
e. The crowd moved off the green and, led by students, headed
back to the Singapore Traction Company's union headquarters.
Here a delegation of student leaders conferred with strike-
leaders. The Police commissioner accompanied by the military
commander of the Singapore Base District, Major-General
D.D.C. Tulloh, arrived at the scene and departed. The crowd
stayed where it was, but there were no acts of violence. The
crowd gradually thinned out, but some pickets remained all
night.
Governmental Action
Chief Minister, Mr. David Marshall, calls emergency meeting on
16 May of the Singapore Legislative Council to approve re-introduction
of the curfew regulations which were recently revoked by the new govern-
ment.
The Minister of Education has closed the three Chinese middle schools
for a week, their re-openi-ng to be determined by "future events."
The Minister of Labor, Mr. Lim Yew Hock, says that the Hock Lee Bus
strike "is no longer a trade dispute but an organized attempt to disrupt
the newly elected Government."
Twenty-four persons are arrested, jailed, and charged with complicity
in the riots.
Troops are standing by in the event new violence breaks out.
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14+ May Police appear to have situation "in hand," but student groups
continue to hold road points in various parts of city and to
give agitational and propaganda as well as material assistance
to strikers.
The Hock Lee Bus strike is ended-by an agreement between
company and strikers signed in presence of Mr. David Marshall,
who has been the mediator in the dispute between the company
and the two unions. This agreement is seen as bringing to
an end not only the bus strike, but also the sympathy strikes
called in about 50 industrial plants involving more than
150,000 men. Disinterested observers regard the Hock Lee
settlement as almost complete capitulation to the uncompro-
mising demands of the strikers.
Funeral of a 16-year old student, Chong Lon Chong, killed in
the riots of 12 May is attended by some 300 students and
strikers, under police surveillance. Speeches made by worker
and student leaders laud Chong as "a working class martyr" and
propose that worker's union raise a monument to him. Police
prohibit procession. No disturbances, and attendants at
funeral disperse and leave.
15 May Students threaten to strike if Chinese middle schools are not
reopened; demand "unconditional release" of all students
arrested in the rioting and "police indemnity" to all injured
students; also condemn the closure as "a measure of the au-
thorities to deprive students of their basic right to study."
General conditions in Singapore have "returned to normal."
16 May The People's Action Party (PAP) is denounced by the Chief
Secretary of the Legislative Assembly, W.A.C. Goode, as the
instigators and leaders of the riots. This view is shared by
Mr. David Marshall. The official public statement confirms
previous reports from confidential sources. (See previous
section of this study for quotations from Goode's statement.)
Chinese middle school' students defy Government order closing
the schools, enter two of the schools and hold on classes
with "teachers" appointed by them. About 500 students--half
the enrollment--seize the classrooms in the Chung Cheng school.
Similar action with about the same proportion of students
reported at the Bukit Timah school. Student pickets around
these schools prevent photographers from taking pictures and
force surrender of negatives, despite presence of police guards.
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The classroom seizure tactics are identical with those of last
year when the schools were closed because of demonstrations
against National Registration. Students ring own school bells
for classes and otherwise maintain strict order and discipline.
Students cheer when their leader denounces Government order
and says classes will be held in same way tomorrow and urges
all present to ask the other students to join them. Students
listen to two more hours of speechmaking.
Student delegation of five calls on principal of the school
to ask that they be taken to Minister of Education to demand
immediate repeal of the closure order. Minister of Education
refuses to see them on grounds has to attend meeting of
Legislative Assembly.
Only violence today the mobbing of a photographer. Detective
who was present drew his revolver, but there was no shooting.
Reports from reliable sources that the killing of two anti-
Communist students yesterday was the work of Communist "execu-
tion teams." One of these students was killed within sight
of the American Consulate General.
Mr. Goode says that school principals and management committee
members are scared of students, that, "if they thwarted the
Malayan Communist Party influence in their schools, they would
be assassinated."
17 May Two thousand students of the Chung Cheng high school in Goodman
Road barricade themselves, starting last night, within the
school and begin a "sit-down" strike. Fourteen hundred of these
are from the school itself; 600 from the Chinese high school.
Students establish own guards and pickets around school. Food
and clothing are brought to students by parents (as in 195+).
Parents who tried to urge students to go home were told it was
"none of their business." Classes are conducted by students
as they were yesterday.
At the other two schools, the students are again holding
classes but have not as yet barricaded themselves for a stay-
in strike.
Students listen to political orientation speeches and address
each other as "comrade." Well-disciplined drill formations are
led by student leaders wearing gunmetal badges of rank, and
drills are held in school grounds.
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Russell Spurr, chief correspondent for the London Daily
Express in Asia, who has visited the schools, writes that he
finds these "spontaneous" classes "Just as spontaneous as
May Day in Moscow" and compares these student actions with
those in China before the Communists took over the government.
Reports that student committees have taken over the school
administrative offices and that though no regular teachers
are present, the "classes" are being conducted with complete
order.
Stay-in strike spreads to girls' high schools.
17 May Government withdraws its order for closure of the schools but
issues a 14-day notice to the three schools' management
committees to show cause why the school should not be struck
off the register or declared unlawful in the light of the
students' actions. It also orders the expulsion of all
trouble-making students whose names will be furnished by the
Government shortly.
18 May Government announces the creation of an all-party committee
of the Legislative Assembly to investigate situation in
Chinese schools "with a view toward making improvement of
Chinese culture which the committee considers to be desirable
in the interest of orderly progress towards self-government
and ultimate independence in Singapore."
Security officers in Johore report that the Chinese middle
school students in that city are getting "restless" and that
Singapore unrest may spread there. Some Johore students sent
money to Singapore students last week. Two Chinese inspectors
of the Johore schools were reported yesterday to have re-
ceived anonymous letters warning them not to support Malayan
Government's conditions for registration of extra classes in
aided schools. The inspectors were warned that, if they
ignored the letters, they would be "rewarded with one bullet
and it will take only one."
19 May Students continue stay-in strikes in all three Chinese middle
schools. Refuse to move until Government cancels expulsion
list; not satisfied with mere withdrawal of closure order.
Student committee calls on "trade unions, associations, and
political parties to give full support to the students."
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20 May The all-party investigation committee recommends to the
Government that the expulsion of students "be not proceeded
with at this juncture" and that the 1)+-day warning order
to the schools be withdrawn. The committee in justification
of this recommendation said "that the matters referred to it
are of so grave and important a nature that their investiga-
tions cannot proceed satisfactorily except in an atmosphere
of calm and good will."
21 May The Government accepts the recommendations of the committee
and drops both the expulsion and probationary orders. The
Straits Times describes this as a "shock." Official observers
feel that it is a complete capitulation by the Government to
the "subversive part of the community." I
Four thousand cheering students give up stay-in strikes, "break
camp," and hold a huge "victory" parade. Before this parade
students meet in the auditorium of the Chinese high school
and passed four resolutions. These resolutions were: (a) to
ask the Government to give up its "unreasonable and unequal"
educational policy; (b) to ask the Government to abolish the
Registration of Schools Ordnance of 1950; (c) to ask the .
inquiry committee to investigate the reasons behind the Govern-
ment's order to close the schools; and (d) to submit a
memorandum on behalf of the students to the all-party com-
mittee.
22 May Student celebrations continue through from yesterday. "Break
up camp" mass meetings at all three high schools are held to
celebrate victory, pass resolutions, and listen to laudatory
speeches from workers union and "parents" leaders. Parents
resolve to form own organization for future defense of rights
of middle school students. In final statement students said
Government's acceptance of all-party committee's recommenda-
tions was an "indication of the strength of Chinese student
unity" and that "in the future we shall not tolerate such
high-handed action by the Government against the students."
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