INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENTS

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Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP78-00915R000100230001-4
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RIPPUB
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S
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137
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November 11, 2016
Document Release Date: 
July 9, 1998
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1
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Publication Date: 
January 1, 1949
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REPORT
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Sanitized - A proved For Rele s CIA-RDP78 0 9158000100230001-4 I_NTERNr.TIGI ,L CGLMJNa,T Iv'GV'EI,EN`IE 1 uepteriber 48 - 1 J_-nucr 49 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R0001002300&*WttT J Copy No. 25X1A2g Sanitized - Approved For Release e CIA-RDP78-00915R000100230001-4 ,;LCTIC1 i=TING`.I SECTIGN B PtT I Travel P.RT II Index by Destination LECTIGN C :,,DpEii11~. UECTIGN D List of ibbreviations b CTIGN E Alrhabetical Name Index I'agas i - iv ages 1 - 36 Pages 37 - 96 rages 97 - 99 Pages 100 - 1o6 l=ages 107 - 108 P--ges 109 126 Sanitized - Approved For Release :: CIA-RDP78-00915R00010023Q~~' - 1 Sanitized - Approved e : CIA-RDP78-019158000100230001-4 aV'I'ROLUCTION This thivd issue of the series ulnternational Corrmu.nist ;ovcr.entsu covers the period 1 September 19!x8-1 January 1949, Individual travel movements occurring in the preceding period but reported too late for inclusion in the first and second issues are listed under the individual's name in Section B. 1s.ddenda to the meeting sections of the first and second issues are appended to this report in Section C. abbreviations are set out in Section D, an alphabetical name index covering the period 1 Januy 1948 - 1 January 1949 is appended in Section Ea 1, National Party Congresses continued to be held at the rate of at least one per month., Tae -Polish and Bulgarian Congresses carried out the program for Party solidification and absorption of the Socialist Parties which began to take shape in the satellite orbit early in 1948 and continued taroughout the year - the Unity Congress of Socialist and Communist mrties, Rumania, February 1948: unity Congress of Socialist and Corrjunist Farties, Hungary, June 1948, dith the 9th Congress of CP Czechoslovakia slated for 1.,y 1949, and with the broad cu ;lines of Iarty policy fixed, no P tional Party Congresses can be normally expected in the Soviet satellite area until 1950 - according to Party statutes, National Congresses are to be convoked every- two years. In the immediate future, then, non-satellite, ranking Party leaders will no longer be able to travel into the satellite orbit as delegates to National Congresses where they i y unobtrusively and securely meet with Soviet representatives - the Union Congress of Polish :'Workers Parties, e.g, was attended by representatives from almost every European Party, CP Brazil, CP Israeli, and by CPSU representatives. Instead, they may, in the future, either attend meetings of international front organizations in the satellite area, or, which is more likely , simply travel individually without any ostensible purpose, as they have done in the past (see below, under B). The Party Congresses held in the current period bring the number of those held in the entire yeas .tb'fifteen, most. of which (11) were convoked_-by European Parties - Italy; January-194b; Rumania, February 1948; Great Britain, February 1948; Sweden, May 1948; Belgium, May 1948; Hungary, June 1948; Finland, September 1948; mustria, October 1948; i>lbania, November 1948; Poland, December 1948; Bulgaria, December 1948. The Far East was represented by one Congress (India, February- Larch 1948), and Latin America by two (Venezuela, august 1948; Cuba, November 10,48). (The 5th National Congress of CP Yugoslavia, July 1948, was not attended by foreign delegates, and is therefore not significant in this context), Considering the fact that several major Party Congresses were held in Europe in 1947 (e.g, Great Britain, February, March 1947; France, June 1947), the first round of European postwar Party Congresses has been generally completed in 1948, with the exception of minor Parties (e.g. Denmark; Iceland, Luxembourg, Trieste) and underground parties (Spain, Greece)? .z few Parties (Czechoslovakia, Great Britain, Hungary, Sweden) even convoked their second biennia! Congress since the end of tae wars Hc.Fever, it is not surprising that the European picture is not duplicated in other continents - in the Far Last CP China has been pre-occupied with the civil war, and the other Parties are largely illegal or semi-legal. The status of many Parties in Latin nerica has been precarious, and the Parties of the Middle East are similarly exposed to police pressure, Indications are tort the CPSU may convoke its 19th Party Congress in 1949 - the 11th Komsomol Congress and the 10th Trade Union Congress have already been convoked. If forecasts are accurate the Congress bf Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R00(wOIb1-4 Sanitized - Approved For a eeaase : CIA-RDP78-0(915R000100230001-4 CPbU will be a major event, It will be interesting to see whether foreign delegates -1-Till be invited to attend - we are not aware of any precedents in the past, and our guess is that satellite Parties but no other foreign Parties will be representeds in order to avoid the impression t .a-t non-satellite Parties are Soviet controlled, 2. Regional eetings occurred more frequently in the current, than in the previous periods. It may be that the Parties are heeding the call of the Cominform for "closer co-operation" - since the founding conference in 1947 the Cominform as well as the Soviet press has overtly advocated a policy of greater inter-Party co-ordination. a. Europe The conference of Scandinavian Communists (Gslo, September 1918) apparently grew out of a similar Scandinavian Conference in Gnlo, February 1948 (see Inter- national Communist Movements, 1 January - 1 L-y 1;48) and similar meetings ;raa, be expected for the fture, If further information is received, it ray become some,-.hat clearer whether or not the 'Corinform" is organizing the radicalization of Scandinavian Parties by w;,-ay of supporting the "intcrnaticna.l- ict" fractions, and to what extent Sca.nd.inavi-n P,--r t4 eS are building-up a clandestine action (sabotage) app::ratus, Roald Halvorsen (CP NorwaJ) ryas reported absent from the conference - he was in Prague, allegedly to confer with a Cominform official, However,-w;hile his trip to Prague is confirmed, the question whether he talked to Co-L',-inform functionary rem ins open - he may have conferred with a Soviet representative instead, b, tSlRs The most important regional meeting in the satellite orbit eras the meeting of satellite leaders with Stalin at Sochi (wept 48), Previous doubts whether the meeting; was held are no longer valid, although no first hand reports on the meetings exist, informed guessers claiming that the establishment of closer economic ties was cn the a enda, have been proven right - the establishment of a. Soviet- satellite Economic Council at a similar meeting in Moscow (January 49) probably Ties discussed at Sochi, c, Latin "'marica. The meeting in bsxico (Sept 48) is noteworthy in connection with other reports claiming that the Latin rimeriean Parties are planning to set up Federations on the model of the regional organizations favored by the Comintern, The Parties of Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia have been mentioned specifically as future partners of a Federation. There is nothing particularly "illegal" in this possible revival of a traditional pattern - it may be merely an organizational formalization and intensification of already existing connections, Further, it is by no means definite yet whether Federations have been created. More concrete evidence is needed, 3. Participation of foreign delegates at meetings of a Central Committee has been illustrated again by the presence of a delegate of GP France at the session of the CC/CP iJ,lgeria (Oct 48). ';de recorded a similar case in mpril 1948 (see "International Communist Movements, 1 January - 1 May 1948") when foreign delegates attended the meeting ,of a sub-commission of CC/CP France, Paris. T-c current case further illustrates how a colonial Party is controlled by the mother Party, in this case, CP islgeria by OP France via a delegate from the French CC. 4. Cominform meetings have been reported en masse, and are included in the current report as "rumored" in order to emphasize that information concerning a Cominform meeting should be scrutinized very carefully - none of the v rious "rumored" Ccminforr meetings have been confirmed, and it is not believed that they took place. There are various pitfalls in reporting a Coninfor,_ meetinT, the basic error being that the Cominform is still over- estimated as an international organization There is no reliable evidence showing that the Cominform is more than an editorial office which publishes a newspap.r?. Cn the contrary, there is reliable evidence showing that the Cominform is not an international organization of clandestine significance. There is therefore no reason to expect frequent "Cominform meetings" - the fact that at the June 1948 meeting the resolution against CP Yugoslavia was Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R0M%@b1-4 Sanitized - Approved P~e : CIA-RDP78-01915R000100230001-4 made, signifies merely that the Cominform was used, as a publicity medium for a decision actually made by CF: a before this meeting. It is probable that "Cominform meeting" will again be used to a,-ounce "n imn h e. ica organizational decision previcusly made by CF1U, but such an occasion may not arise more often than once or twice a year, if at all, .inothcr error, made freguentl; by sources cf iinformation, consists in the tagging of "normal" Party -etings as Cominform sessions. Journalists often receive no's that a Communist leader is supposed to go into the satellite.-area, and jump to the conclusion that a Cominform.meetina is afoot; Professional informants take up such rumors, and, peddle the "ne-,is." ~',nti-Soviet propagandists often fabricate similar "information." It is there- fore a_bsclutely essential to known the exact origin of the information -only sources _L ;,4 extreeiely reliable and high-level connections should: be accepted, 5. ibetinps of Front anizctions account for about half of the meetings listed - the usual ratio', ','FDY and its affiliates were :_:cst :cove, In the , .ke of the '7crld Co.gress of intellectuals for Peace and Demiocracy, '.Varsalw, Poland, august 19L:.6, several new national fronts appeared in order to re-inforce the Communist "peace offensive," e.g., National Congress for the Defense of Peace and Freedom, 24 November 1948, Paris. Intellectual Literary Congress for Peace, originally slated for January 1949 ini--exico City, but apparently postponed, Roberto Pbrena (CP Brazil), Enrique lil Gilbert (CC/CP Ecuador) and Juan ?:crinello (President/PLF Cuba) .'e extensive tours of Latin :.merica in order to org.nize the congress, +orld Congress for Peace, scheduled for February, 1949 in New York. 6. The following meetings are already scheduled for 1949: 19 January 1949 - Intellectual and Literary Congress for Peace; P.-Mexico City Early 1949 - LEA. Wol:en's Conference, Calcutta, India Early 1949 - National Congress of +omrn, Havana, Cuba Early 1949 - National Congress CP Norway, Oslo February 1949 - World Congress for peace, New York 24 February 1949 - 11th Komsomol Congress, Nbsc.ow 19 April 1949 - 10th Congress of Trade Unions, Tvbscow 25-29 My 1949 - 9th Congress CP Czechoslovakia, Prague Summer 1949 - World Congress of '.VFDY, Paris (?) July 1949 - 6th National Congress 1C, Colombia. B, TRAVEL Recurrent and reliable reports to the effect that non-satellite Comminists meet Soviet representatives most frequently in Prague and Warsaw to receive instructions, are supported indirectly by movements reflected in the destination index (see Section B, part 2)s Praguet During the period covered, the following foreign Communist leaders came. to Prague without any ostensible connection with a Party meeting or an international meetings CF Frances GACHIN and i, TY (#160, 168) Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-0091 -4 I G""""00410 Sanitized -Approved For Release: CIA-RDP78-0158000100230001-4 OP Greece- GROZO5, RGUSS0S, V=I 5, ZACHARIJiDES (#198, 205, 207, 209) GP Italyg BERLINGUER (F226), G. PA EPA (72229), PAL LD (#230) CP Norway- H LVOREEN, Roald (#255) CP Netherlands: DE GRGGT (#249) CP Luxembourg: UNY (#241) Further, Prague figured again as a stopover for trips to lvioscow . see the record of two Latin-American Communists, ECHEVERRIA;, Rafael (Ecuador, #136) and ON, Carlos Augustus (Venezuela, #367) 'Jarsaw; During the current period; the heavy influx of foreign Communists explains itself by the fact of their attendance at the Union Congress of Polish Workers Parties (December 1948), 2, Axis figures large again as a destination point, but most of the trips can be explained, at least superficially, b: the attendance of meetings. Individual travel from Latin America, not connected with meetings, was very light (see r58, 84, 85, 86, 87). 3. Heavy traffic to unRary and Lb ico can be accounted for by Party and Trade Union meeting :cvements of leading foreign Cor?uniits into the US' R, with the exception of the Sochi meeting, could not be detected reliably, on the basis of available evidence, As usual, VGKS arranged tours through the US;:.R, but, main, there is no evidence indicating that these tours were connected ^ith Party business, Confirmation and further information is requested on the following trave items; Austria #;21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28 Bolivia '#50- Brazil 1,52, 54, 57 Chile #69, 70 Colombia r84, 85, 86, 87 Cuba x-97, 98 Czechoslovakia #115, 122, 124 Denmark #131 Hungary t,211 Norway 1255 Philippines #267 Rumania #277, 278 ,pain #289, 298, 299, 300 Sweden #304 Uruguay #317 Yugoslavia #382 Unknown #385 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R0001002300- Sanitized - Approve or e ease : CIA-RDP78-0(915R000100230001-4 Sanitized - Approved 2r -Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R0004-4 Sanitized - Approved For Release-: CIA-RDP78-01915R000100230001-4 first I peek of ;ept 481 Meeting ceional Conference Rerrrecentatives of Cr Luxembourg and CP Netherlands 4 wept 48 Fete de l'Humanite (sponsored by CP France Delegates Netherlands (probably Luxembourg - Grandjenet, Joseph (Exec Comm, nmsterdam) Deputy) Paris (Vincennes), France Belgium - Chappar, idolphe Covias (and w,vife) Dewit, Francois Doetsch, Jacobus Gregoire, Suzanne Lambert, Eva Lechein, Georges wudlriaux, fnu Raindorf, iron (and mistress :ie rmanue ) Re;ynders, aariette ucmville, Julia :truelens, Christian (wife of Ivor cus) gtruelens, hhrcus Trimborn, Ly dic Vanderlinden, Jules allegedly discussed closer cooperation among the Benelux CDs, particularly regarding trade union activities and their efforts to carry out simultaneous strikes and denanstrations in all three countries. Grandjenet (ostensibly attending Congress of ,btalworkers) presented these plans to Berend Blokzijl (Chairman of EVC), Unconfirmed,. The Belgian delegation stayed at Metropole and Terminus Hctels, Thorez, Cachin, and Duclos put in an appearance but no French OP official met the Belgian delegation at the station which caused a great deal of coracnt. Delegation left for Brussels evening of -5 kept 48.. Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R000100230 r Sanitized - Approved For Release: CIA-RDP78-01915R000100230001-4 I: Cting 4 or 5 Sent 481 :t~icnal Conference of Sweden) (Dcn-.cork, Nor-,%,a-,y and Delegates Tor?;ay Digernes, Ivar (trained in IR F~irubotn, Feder (former Sec Gen Hansen, Mrs~ Aase Hansen, Lrvid G. (Exec Coeui) Langsreth, Haavard (Political Off ice) Njaa, .ksel utove, fnu Van der Lippe, Just (CC) Svr:.den - Leurlin , Per N;r Dug youth leader) Strand, Senja (N, Dac writer, clerk) Three meetings were held with the purpose of final discussions on .nthods of aligning Scandinavian C-orunist Parties ;rich the Coninform. The group allegedly met without the knowledge of other members of their respective parties ,hose "nationalist vieras~ were in Conflict with this pro-Cominform group. The meetings were expected to decide definite policy with regard to the Cominform, but final action was postponed because of the failure of Roald Halvorsen (Vice-chairman, CP Nor,;ay) to return from Prague, where he allegedly went to receive directives pertinent to Zcsndinavian membership in the Ccminfcrm. Sanitized - Approved For CIA-RDP78-00915R000100230 6-9 )Sept ?L8 Ai1Z Sanitized - Approved For Release!: CIA-RDP78-06915R000100230001-4 :eating 3rd International Congress, International ~.secciation of Democratic iar..yers France - CasEin, Rene (VP/estate Council) Nordma nn, Joe Holland - Etokvis, Dr. Benno J. (Communist delgete/_tates Gen) Pcland- Chojn, Leon (Vice .inister Justice) Rumania - Balaceanu (PL.rachivescu TT) Fanu, Gheorghe Raiciu, Ion (,inister to Poland) UN - Kenny, Hobert 'r. Popper, Irtin ,`tendard, 'illiam L. nrtimenkov, L. I. Dcrisov , z. I, i;okarov, ~.. Y o Nedbailo, -, P. n Trainin, r~. N. (,'.cud .,cience, Institute of Law) Zcy dire, F. L. (Vice minister) Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R00010 Bran Den Van Len Rooth (attorney General) (TS) gut, Czcchoslcvakia Belgium - On the agenda of the Ccngress sere; 1, Righ is of man 2, Combating propaganda for a new war 3. Punishment of war trim i nnls . The group passed a resolution to send a delegation of la~;,-~ crs to defend the t:elvc rericen Com inist leader's who .'ere recently indicted by a grand jury for subversive activity, The Congress followE the party line with the usual harangues against "the Capitalist ;;ar-mongers" and imperialism. The following officers of the Internation. , .ssociation of De:ocratic Le.:;yers wore elected: President - Rene Cessin (France), reelectE Vice-president - Robert Kenny (U`) General becretarry - Martin popper (UL) Note; Not all delegates were Conreunists. . rr Sanitized -Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-0915R000100230001-4 Lb tlag Race Delegates 8_14 dept 48 'Far East Co .inform ecting ryongyeng, North Korea! Unidentified representatives from: C, . _ lnu Japan North Korea I F 8-21 dept J.8! 3rd session of xecutive Paris, France i Uc R - Kuznetsov, V. U. (Fred, nUCC U, Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R000100 This is the second report to be received r..enticnin,J North Korea as the .eeeting place for a Ncpter,ber session of the Far East Coiainform However, other reports have a.enticned Harbin, idanchuria, as the location oi,..a__rieeting and one described a June ieeting. at Khabarovsk, UE.R. It is possible that sale type of regional meetings have been tagged as Co.-inform sessions. In vic-.~ of the confusion about meting places, the reported designation of T cngyang as headquarters for the Far Last Cor.:infcrm is also open to questiol;Le It i s decided to hold an international students festival in the sur.or of l49 under the banner "The Unification of the Democratic students for the -tru;gle for ieace", Grganizations fror.-I Iraq and horthern Korea were - dr-:itted to the IU', but 1.ustrian and Canadian groups were refused admittance as "under-_ocratic",, Josef Grobman (Czech) was reelected ices of IUD,, Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-0f915R000100230001-4 Date ; Ieeting 10-20 48 Place Delegates 17th Congress of International hlliance of Cooperatives Prague, Czechoslovakia unidentified delegates from: Czechoslovakia India Italy uwitzerland UL ,ER - ;idorov, l,ikolai (Deputy Chairman of Chentrosoyuz)' 11 wept 48 Meeting of VVY (Lca'ue.of Berlin, Ger a_y Nazi P:rsocutees), called by International Federation of For,or Political Prisoners. around Ru:iored meeting of "Comintern 17 _,cpt 48 gc nts" and Trade Union Leaders Germany- - Kuehne, Ctto (Ilk- Central ..d,-_inistraticn for Transport), UuLR - iuznotsov, V. (hUCCIU) -5 Sanitized - Approved For R se : "Emommommilomm CIA-RDP78-00915R000100230 - grain - Lorenzo, fnu L,LR - Ihigarev, Iv'ijor General Unidentified delegates from; Austria Czechoslovakia De ni-ark France Iugcs1avia Poland Prague, Czechoslovakia France - Y..dol, Lucien (CC) INcrm:oussenu, Gaston (CC) nlthough the Communist clement tried to control the Congress, presu-:.ably It was not successful, as a soviet-proposed amendment against rearmament, the -;cstorn anion and "imperialist terror in Greece" was defeated 552 to 415, L Tass comment ad .itted the t there was considerable "strife" during the meeting. No further details are known, but the meeting itself was confirmed, The alleged purpose of the rumored meeting to accelerate the underi.mining of the ILrshall Plan by effecting strikes in ports and the urcpean transport system as the Kremlin considers transport the most vulnerable point of ECri, No further information has been received. Sanitized - Ap roved For Release CIA-RDP78-00915R000100230001-4 17 Sept 48 Celebration of 29th Anniversary of founding of Op Mexico Delegates Mexico City. Mexico Costa Rica - Mora Valverde, Manuel (Sec Gen/PVF) MWMarinellfo, Juan (Pros/r5P) Roca, Blas (Sec Gen/PEP) Spain - Arconada, Felipe (representing CF Spain members in M_-xico) US - Weiss, Max (CC/CRRLJ.) Around Meeting of Satellite 18 Sept t;.8f leaders Sochi, U' R Bulgaria - Dimitrev, Georgi (Sec Gen) Czechoslovakia - Gottwald, Klement (Chairman Exec Comm) Hungary - Rakosi, hatyas (Sec Gen) Vas, Zoltan (Secretariat) Rumania - Pauker, Ana (Foreign Minister) The following facts support reliable reports to the effect that the meeting of satellite leaders with Stalin was held at Sochi; 1. Dimitrov - made no public appearances from 9 Sept until 24 November when it was announced that he had returned from "a rests" Rumors during that time persisted that he was in USSR, 2. Gottwald - was definitely in USSR. He was reported "abruptly" summoned to Moscow and left Prague 13 Sept,; He was reported in the Crimea 22 Sept where "he was vacationing." He returned to Prague 28 Sept 48. Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R000100230 frog of satellite leaders (continued 20 Sept 48; nll dlav Congress e nu --a)' 21-24 Eept'' First General Asseribly 48 of -:iorld Federation of Sanitized - Approved For Release :'~ CIA-RDP78-049158000100230001-4 Delegates Frague5 Czechoslovakia Dobriz Castle (near Frague, Czechoslovakia Sanitized - Approved For ease : CIA-RDP78-00915R000100230 3? Rakosi - was reported "vacationing" in Lcscow 22 kept and on 22 Get returned to Budapest "from a six weeks trip to Rassia". 4, auker - reported absent from Rumania 18 wept, Allegedly "resting in the country" Rumored in LEER, 23 Sept was back in Bucharest. No further details, lresur:.bly, foreign delegates attended. The assembly was reportedly presided over bb Frederic Tclict-Curie and the main Czech speaker was 1rofessor Arnost Kolman (professor of Soviet Philosophy, Charles University)n -, Date- 22-26 Sep 48 24-26 ;,ep 48 beting First Congress of Latin kmerican ietroleun iorkers ,. ,tne ric an isl 1- lav Convention Sanitized - Approved For Release: CIA-RDP78-049158000100230001-4 i;lace Chicago, Illinois Delegates Colombia - Cavajalinoi vello, Alfonso a Ec"everrin se Mar i J :, i o ivJcntana Cuellar, Diego Rubio, JGime (Excc Ccm FC,T') Ecuador - Granados. Francisco Rar:;irez, Di no lg -rnael leru - rellano, Jrmando Garrido Lecca, Teodoro Vile, Francisco Venezuela - Faria, Jesus (Secretariat) Garcia alazar, ',.ntcnic (iR ) Gutierrez, Iui_xime (Ci) Guzman ii-.ndaeta, Teodorc (Sec:. Gen, Ccr El Titre) IJlurval, -orfirio (CC) Taborda, .Li:nuel (CC) Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R00010023 Remarks .lthcurh this congress met as a regular labor union reeting it was effectively controlled by a small group composed of Lombardo Toledano, Faria, rechandieta and T_a.borda. They succeeded in blocking any deviation from the agenda which had been previously prepared by the Ccr:nist- dcminated CTRL, ;,everal secrot rectings were held at which action to be taken in case of ,oar was discussed, and a plan for a world confederation of oil workers was proposed. Henry 'iiallace addressed the convention, Foreign delegates unidentified. 2427 Nept, 48 1Uveting C Israeli,/General s>sse _b 1y Sanitized - Ap roved For Release CIA-RDP78-0499158000100230001-4 Delegates Tel Lviv, Israel Cyprus Grissosq Elefteri (Greek Ccrn-unist) IYrE;yropulcs, Dimitri (Greek Gorrrunist) Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP78-00915R00010023- The assembly ,s called tc discuss the fcrmetien of a "League of the Friends of Libe ty". It was attended by 37 delegates, The Li= of the League are; 1p Coordination of the activities of the workers and peasants to obtain the right to bread, liberty and prctecticn cf their children, 2. .truggle against fcreifn imperialism under the aegis of the Red -rn e 3. The conclusion of an agreement with the other C:s in Eastern 1&Lditerranean countries, fourth aim, which ras not rritten into the official declaration or official report, allegedly concerned the establishment of "combat