DDCI'S ARMED FORCES STAFF COLLEGE TALK 3 OCTOBER 1969

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP76-00183R000500100004-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 27, 2008
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: October 3, 1969
• Content Type: REPORT

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DDCI's ARMED FORCES STAFF COLLEGE TALK
3 OCTOBER 1969
AS A FORMER MEMBER OF THE FACULTY, IT GIVES ME
GREAT PLEASURE TO COME BACK TO THE ARMED FORCES STAFF
COLLEGE AS A GUEST SPEAKER AND TO TALK TO THE 46TH
CLASS ABOUT THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY.
I HOPE YOU FIND THIS SUB,11ECT INTERE-`?ING. I
AM SURE YOU RECOGNIZE THE GROWING IMPOR-,r.,1('4- OF IN-
TELLIGENCE IN THE MAKING OF NATIONAL DEC.IT
I S POSSIBLE THAT SOME OF YOU WILL BE AFFECTED _.,;TLY
IN FUTURE ASSIGNMENTS. WHEN YOU MAY BE WORKING vr.
CTA, WITH SOME OTHER PAkT OF THE INTELLIGENCE Cot
MUNITY, OR WITH U. S. INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OVEL.
SEAS. IT WOULD BE HELPFUL FOR YOU, THEREFORE, TO
ACQUAINTED WITH THE FUNCTIONS AND ORGAN:;.:'.A"i0N OF
CIA, ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THE rr'-
TELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, WHAT NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 15
AND HOW IT SERVES THE POLICY-MAKING PROCESS. SOre
EXPOSURE TO THE WIDE VARIETY OF RELATIONSHIPS i 1/4
HAS WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND THE MILITARY
SERVICES MIGHT ALSO BE HELPFUL.
THE PLACE CIA OCCUPIES IN OUR NATIONAL SECURITY
STRUCTURE AND THE ACTIVITIES IT UNDERTAKES ARE WEL-
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DEFINED. THE LEGAL BASIS FOR CIA AND THE FUNCTIONS
IT PERFORMS IS THE NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 1947.
THIS STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION--LIKE MANY PUBLIC
LAWS--IS SET FORTH IN FAIRLY BROAD TERMS. HOWEVER.
THE CONGRESS PROVIDED FOR FURTHER DEFINITION AND RE-
FINEMENT OF CIA'S FUNCTIONS. IT SPECIFICALLY DIRECTED
CIA "TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL FOR THE COORDINATION OF SUCH INTELLIGENCE
ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES OF THE
GOVERNMENT AS RELATE TO NATIONAL SECURITY." UPON
RECEIVING PRESIDENTIAL APPROVAL, THESE RECOMMENDA-
TIONS ARE ISSUED IN A SERIES OF CLASSIFIED PAPERS
CALLED NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL INTELLIGENCE DI-
RECTIVES. THE NSCIDs ESTABLISH THE FRAMEWORK WITH-,'N
WHICH THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY FUNCTIONS AND THEY
DISTRIBUTE ASSIGNMENTS OF RESPONSIBILITY AMONG THE
DIFFERENT U.S. INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES.
NSCID #1, ALSO PROVIDES FOR STILL MORE PRECISE
ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES THROUGH THE ISSUANCt
OF DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE DIRECTIVES.
THESE NOW TOTAL MORE THAN 30. I COULD NOT BEGIN
TO ACQUAINT YOU WITH ALL THE DETAILS COVERED BY THL
NSCIDs AND DCIDs. BUT THE IMPORTANT POINT IS THAT
THEY REPRESENT A MEANS FOR CIA AND THE OTHER
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INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES TO UPDATE AND ADJUST TO THE
CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES, NEEDS AND CHALLENGES FACING
THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE.
As I AM SURE EACH OF YOU KNOWS, OUR EXPERIENCE
AT PEARL HARBOR RESULTED IN THE DETERMINATION FOLLOW-
ING WORLD WAR II TO ACHIEVE A COORDINATED NATIONAL
INTELLIGENCE EFFORT.
TO ENSURE ENOUGH COORDINATION SO THAT THERE WILL
BE'NO IMPORTANT GAPS JLfl NO UNDESIRABLE DUPLICATION,
THE NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 1947 AND SUBSEQUENT
PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS GAVE THE DIRECTOR OF CEN-
TRAL INTELLIGENCE TWO PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITIES. HE
IS BY LAW THE HEAD OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
AND, BY PRESIDENTIAL ORDER, THE CHIEF INTELLIGENCE
OFFICER OF THE GOVERNMENT. IN THESE CAPACITIES, HE
NOW ACTS AS PRINCIPAL INTELLIGENCE ADVISOR TO THE
PRESIDENT AND AS COORDINATOR OF ALL FOREIGN INTEL-
LIGENCE ACTIVITIES RELATING TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY
INTERESTS OF THE UNITED STATES. THUS, THE DIRECTOR
OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE IS THE HEAD OF THE U.S. IN-
TELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.
LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE COMPOSITION OF THE IN-
TELLIGENCE-COMMUNITY.
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THE FIRST ELEMENT MOST PEOPLE THINK OF IN THIS
CONTEXT IS THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY.
SECOND, THERE IS THE DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE. AGENCY.
I UNDERSTAND YOU ARE SCHEDULED FOR A PRESENTATION ON
DIA, ITS FUNCTIONS, ORGANIZATION AND POSITION WITHIN
DOD, AND THE CUSTOMERS IT SERVES.
THE INTELLIGENCE UNITS OF THE ARMY, NAVY, AND
AIR FORCE CONTINUE TO SUPPORT THE PARTICULAR MISSIONS
OF EACH ONE OF THE SERVICES. MUCH OF THE WORK OF THE
THREE SERVICE INTELLIGENCE COMPONENTS IS COORDINATED
BY THE DIRECTOR OF DIA.
IN THE STATE DEPARTMENT, THERE IS AN INTELLIGENCE
UNIT WHICH SERVES THE SECRETARY OF STATE AND THE POL-
ICY PLANNERS, IN A SENSE ALL OF OUR DIPLOMATIC PER-
SONNEL ARE INTELLIGENCE GATHERERS. BUT THERE IS ALSO
A REQUIREMENT FOR MEN WHO APPLY THEMSELVES PROFES-
SIONALLY TO THE ANALYSIS OF THAT INFORMATION TO DE-
TERMINE ITS BEARING ON PRESENT AND FUTURE IMPLICA-
TIONS FOR U.S. FOREIGN POLICY.
THE INTELLIGENCE COMPONENT IN THE ATOMIC ENERGY
COMMISSION HAS A SPECIALIZED CHARTER DEVOTED TO THE
VITAL FIELD OF INTELLIGENCE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY DEVELOP-
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A PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FEDERAL BUREAU
OF INVESTIGATION IS THE INTERNAL SECURITY OF THE
UNITED STATES, BUT YOU CAN EASILY IMAGINE THE VITAL
CONNECTION BETWEEN FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE AND INTERNAL
SECURITY. SO THE FBI1 TOO, IS A MEMBER OF THE INTEL-
LIGENCE COMMUNITY. THE FBI AND CIA WORK CLOSELY
TOGETHER, BECAUSE THEY ARE BOTH COMBATING AN INTER-
NATIONAL CONSPIRACY, WHOSE OPERATIONS AND AGENTS MOVE,
BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN THE U.S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
THESE THEN, EXCEPT FOR THE NSA WHICH IS IN A
UNIQUE CATEGORY, ARE THE INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY--CIA, STATE, DIA AND THE SERV-
ICE INTELLIGENCE COMPONENTS, AEC, AND FBI.
IN ORDER TO ROUND OUT THE PICUTRE OF THE COM-
MUNITY, I MUST ADD A NUMBER OF WHAT WE CALL "SERVICES
OF COMMON CONCERN." IT MIGHT BE MORE ENLIGHTENING
TO CALL THEM IO INTELLIGENCE ASSETS. THESE
ARE ACTIVITIES WHICH SERVE THE ENTIRE GOVERNMENT
RATHER THAN ANY PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT OR AGENCY.
SUCH AN ACTIVITY MAY BE MANAGED, STAFFED AND FUNDED
BY ONE AGENCY, BUT ACTUALLY OPERATE DIRECTLY FOR THE
ENTIRE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.
THE OLDEST AND LARGEST OF THESE IS THE NATIONAL
SECURITY AGENCY. SINCE YOU RECEIVE A SEPARATE LECTURE
ON NSA, I WON'T GO INTO DETAIL ABOUT IT.
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OTHER IMPORTANT NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ASSETS ARE
THE NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER AND
THE BOARD OF NATIONAL ESTIMATES. AS THE CHART SHOWS,
THESE ARE PART OF CIA AND I WILL DISCUSS THEM WHEN I
GET TO THE INTERNAL WORKINGS OF THE AGENCY.
Now, ALL THE AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS WHICH
MAKE UP THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY ARE TIED TOGETHER,
FOR GUIDANCE PURPOSES, BY THE UNITED STATES INTELLI-
GENCE BOARD, WHICH WE OFTEN REFER TO AS USIB.
(CHART, USIB)
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE, BY PRESI-
DENTIAL DESIGNATION, IS THE CHAIRMAN OF USIB. THIS,
BY THE WAY, IS ONE PLACE WHERE THE DIRECTOR'S TWO
JOBS--HIS "TWO HATS"--ARE VERY CAREFULLY DIFFERENTI-
ATED. WHEN HE CHAIRS THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE BOARD,
HE IS THERE AS THE PRESIDENT'S PRINCIPAL INTELLIGENCE
OFFICER, AS THE HEAD OF CIA. USIB PASSES ON THE
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AGREED, COORDINATED JUDGMENTS OF THE ENTIRE INTELLI-
GENCE COMMUNITY--WHAT WE CALL "NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE"--
AND IT MIGHT HAMPER THIS FUNCTION IF THE DIRECTOR WERE
SIMULTANEOUSLY TO ACT AS CHAIRMAN AND TO ADVANCE THE
VIEWS OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY. FOR THIS
REASON, CIA HAS SEPARATE REPRESENTATION OF THE BOARD
IN THE PERSON OF THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL IN-
TELLIGENCE.
THE OTHER PRINCIPALS ARE:
THE STATE DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE
AND RESEARCH;
THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE
AGENCY;
THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY;
THE ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER OF THE AEC; AND
THE ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR OF THE FBI.
SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIA, THE INTELLI-
GENCE CHIEFS OF THE ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE ALSO
ATTEND AND PARTICIPATE IN USIB, BUT AS OBSERVERS
RATHER THAN AS OFFICIAL MEMBERS. THEY RETAIN THE
RIGHT, AND,-IN FACT, THE DUTY TO EXPRESS ANY DISSENT
THEY MAY HAVE ON MATTERS UNDER DISCUSSION, AND THIS
IS A FUNCTION THEY DO NOT HESITATE TO PERFORM.
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USIB MEETS REGULARLY ONCE A WEEK--SOMETIMES MORE
OFTEN. I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE THAT,
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NSCID WHICH ESTABLISHED IT,
USIB OPERATES AS AN ADVISORY BODY TO THE DIRECTOR OF
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE,
THE USIB IS CONCERNED WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF
INTELLIGENCE MATTERS. THE BOARD SETS FORTH--AND
PERIODICALLY REVISES--THE NATIONAL PRIORITIES FOR
THE GUIDANCE OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY IN CHOOS-
ING INTELLIGENCE TARGETS AND IN ASSIGNING ASSETS TO
COVER THESE TARGETS.
THE USIB ALSO REVIEWS IN DRAFT FORM AND IN GREAT
DETAIL THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES AND CERTAIN
OTHER REPORTS WHICH THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLI-
GENCE SUBMITS TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SE-
CURITY COUNCIL.
As YOU SEE FROM THE CHART, USIB IS SUPPORTED BY
A NUMBER OF SPECIALIZED COMMITTEES WHICH FUNCTION IN
SUBSTANTIVE FIELDS, SUCH AS NUCLEAR ENERGY, MISSILE
INTELLIGENCE, AND ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE. OTHER USIB
COMMITTEES PROVIDE A MEANS OF REGULAR CONTACT AND A
CHANNEL FOR GUIDANCE TO CERTAIN INTERAGENCY PROGRAMS,
SUCH AS SECURITY AUDIO COUNTERMEASURES, AND THE EX-
PLOITATION OF DEFECTORS,
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FROM THIS BRIEF SKETCH OF THE INTELLIGENCE COM-
MUNITY. I HOPE YOU CAN PERCEIVE THE CLOSE WORKING
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CIA, DIA, THE SERVICE INTELLIGENCE
COMPONENTS, NSA
LET US NOW LOOK INWARDLY AT CIA.
THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY CIA FALL INTO
THREE BROAD CATEGORIES:
COLLECTION OF'INTELLIGENCE;
COVERT ACTION OPERATIONS; AND
PRODUCTION OF INTELLIGENCE.
WE FIND IT CONVENIENT TO DIVIDE CIA's INTELLI-
GENCE COLLECTION ACTIVITIES INTO THREE GROUPINGS THAT
REFLECT DIFFERENT MEANS OF ACQUISITION. THE FIRST
IS OVERT COLLECTION WHICH, AS THE NAME SUGGESTS,
COVERS INFORMATION SECURED BY OPEN OR NONCLANDESTINE
MEANS. OVERT COLLECTION INCLUDED THE MONITORING OF
FOREIGN RADIOS, SUCH AS RADIO MOSCOW, RADIO PEKING,
AND THE VOICE OF THE ARABS IN CAIRO. THIS IS DONE
BY THE FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE, WHICH
HAS 15 MONITORING POSTS IN THE ZI AND OVERSEAS.
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YOU ALL KNOW, CIA ALSO UNDERTAKES COVERT
INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION
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COVERT COLLECTION CAN BE CATEGORIZED BY ITS PURPOSE,
IN CIA, WE USE THE TERM ESPIONAGE TO REFER TO THE
COLLECTION OF POSITIVE INTELLIGENCE, OR SUBSTANTIVE
INFORMATION REGARDING, SAY, SOME FOREIGN POLICY OR IN-
TERNAL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT, A CHANGE IN ORDER OF BAT-
TLE OR THE CAPABILITY OF A WEAPON SYSTEM. WE USE THE
TERM COUNTERINTELLIGENCE WHEN WE WORK TO FRUSTRATE HOSTILE
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INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION AGAINST THE U.S. OR OUR
ALLIES, OR TO PROTECT OUR PERSONNEL
A THIRD TYPE OF INTELLIGENCE GATHERING IS
TECHNICAL COLLECTION
IT ALSO PARTICIPATES IN THE NATIONAL PRO-
GRAM OF COLLECTING PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE.
IN THE "COLD WAR" AGAINST THE COMMUNIST
WORLD, WE FACE AN ENEMY ADEPT AT CONSPIRACY AND SUB-
VERSION, WITH WORLD-WIDE CLANDESTINE ASSETS, SKILLED
AGENTS, AND NO COMPUNCTION ABOUT UNDERMINING OR
OVERTHROWING ANY GOVERNMENT WHICH RESISTS THE SPREAD
OF COMMUNISM.
THERE ARE OCCASIONS WHEN IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE
UNITED STATES TO COUNTER THESE COMMUNIST EFFORTS
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COVERT ACTION--WHETHER OF THE POLITICAL OR THE
PARAMILITARY TYPE--FALLS IN THE SHADOWY, TWILIGHT ZONE
OF GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS THAT CONGRESS HAD IN MIND WHEN
IT DIRECTED CIA TO PERFORM "SUCH OTHER SERVICES" AS THE
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL MIGHT DIRECT, OUR CRITICS
WOULD HAVE YOU BELIEVE THAT EVER SINCE CONGRESS GAVE
THIS AUTHORITY IN 1947, CIA HAS DONE AS IT HAS PLEASED.,
WITHOUT REGARD TO OFFICIAL POLICIES OR OBJECTIVES OF
THE,UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, AND SOMETIMES IN DIAMETRIC
OPPOSITION TO THOSE POLICIES,
THIS IS NOT AT ALL THE CASE. THE FACT IS THAT
WHENEVER THE CIA CARRIES OUT A COVERT ACTION OPERATION
OVERSEAS, IT IS WITH THE PRIOR APPROVAL OF A SPECIAL
COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL. THIS
COMMITTEE IS CHAIRED BY THE PRESIDENT'S SPECIAL AS-
SISTANT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS, REPRESENTING
THE PRESIDENT, HE MEETS ONCE A WEEK--OR MORE OFTEN
IF NECESSARY--WITH THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
AND REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SECRETARIES OF STATE AND
DEFENSE--NORMALLY THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AND
THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS.
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EACH COVERT ACTION OPERATION WHICH THE AGENCY CON-
DUCTS OVERSEAS IS FIRST PRESENTED TO THIS COMMITTEE,
IT EITHER WINS THE UNANIMOUS APPROVAL OF THE COMMITTEE,
OR IT DOES NOT TAKE PLACE,
WHEN THESE OPERATIONS ARE APPROVED i,[V, D CE BY
SENIOR REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PRESIDENT, THE SECRETARY
OF STATE, AND THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, IT IS OBVIOUS
THAT THEY ARE NOT GOING TO BE CONTRARY TO--OR OUTSIDE
OF--THE POLICY GUIDELINES ESTABLISHED BY THE UNITED
STATES GOVERNMENT, IF A DIVISION OF OPINION ARISES
IN THE COMMITTEE OVER AN IMPORTANT OPERATION, THE PRES-
IDENT PERSONALLY DECIDES.
THE THIRD PRIMARY MISSION OF CIA IS TO ODUCE
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND TO PROVIDE FOR ITS DISSEM-
INATION,
THIS SLIDE SHOWS SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT FIN-
ISHED INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTS ISSUED BY CIA, THESE IN-
CLUDE BOTH INTELLIGENCE ANALYSES PREPARED SOLELY WITHIN
CIA AND OTHERS PRODUCED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE OTHER
MEMBERS OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY,
THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES ARE OF THE
LATTER TYPE, TO THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE NOT FAMILIAR
WITH THE NIEs, THEY ARE THE BLUE-COVERED PAPERS WHERE,
BY USING OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF A SITUATION AND
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EXISTING DATA AS A BASE LINE, WE TRY TO LOOK INTO THE
FUTURE AND TO ESTIMATE WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN IN SOME
PARTICULAR COUNTRY OR ON SOME PARTICULAR TOPIC.
MANY NIEs COVER FAIRLY STANDARD TOPICS SUCH AS,
"THE OUTLOOK IN COUNTRY A OR AREA B." HERE WE LOOK
AHEAD TWO OR THREE YEARS AND DEAL WITH BROAD TRENDS AND
EXPECTED LINES OF POLICY IN THE COUNTRY OR AREA IN
QUESTION.
ANOTHER GROUP OF NIES ARE MORE SPECIALIZED PAPERS
ON THE SOVIET MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT. THESE ESTIMATES
ARE BUILT ON A SOLID BASE OF EVIDENCE; THEY GO INTO
GREATER DETAIL AND LOOK AHEAD FIVE YEARS OR MORE. THE
PRINCIPAL ONES FOCUS ON THE USSR's STRATEGIC ATTACK
FORCES, AIR DEFENSE CAPABILITIES, AND GENERAL PURPOSE
FORCES, THE PRODUCTION OF THREE ANNUAL PAPERS ON THESE
TOPICS IS TIMED TO ASSIST IN THE PLANNING OF DEFENSE
FORCE LEVELS AND BUDGETS.
A THIRD TYPE IS THE SPECIAL NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
ESTIMATE, OR SNIE, WHICH IS COMPOSED OF AD JHO.C. PAPERS
ON IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF THE MOMENT, SUCH AS THE EX-
PECTED REACTION TO SOME PROPOSED--BUT AS YET UNAPPROVED--
COURSE OF ACTION BY THE U .S.
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ALL OF THE NATIONAL ESTIMATES ARE DRAFTED BY
THE OFFICE OF -NATIONAL ESTIMATES WHICH IS PART OF
CIA. BUT THEY ARE TRULY NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTI-
MATES. THEY MUST THEREFORE, REFLECT THE CONSIDERED
JUDGMENT OF THE ENTIRE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. THIS
IS ENSURED THROUGH THE PARTICIPATION OF ALL APPRO-
PRIATE ELEMENTS OF THE COMMUNITY, THROUGH CONTRIBU-
TION OF FACTS AND JUDGMENTS, IN THE REVISING OF THE
PAPERS IN DRAFT, AND REVIEW BY THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE
BOARD OF THE FINAL PRODUCT. THE OBJECTIVE OF EACH
ESTIMATE IS A CAREFUL AND THOUGHTFUL SET OF JUDGMENTS
WHICH WILL BE OF THE GREATEST POSSIBLE ASSISTANCE TO
THE POLICYMAKER AND PLANNER.
THERE IS A SERIES OF PAPERS WHICH SUPPLEMENT
THE ESTIMATES ON SOVIET MILITARY FORCES CALLED NA-
TIONAL INTELLIGENCE PLANNING PROJECTIONS. THESE
PROJECTIONS ARE WRITTEN BY CIA TOGETHER WITH DIA FOR
THE USE OF THE LONG-RANGE PLANNERS IN THE DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE. IN THESE PROJECTIONS, THE ESTIMATORS
ARE CALLED UPON TO COME UP WITH HARD FIGURES ON JUST
HOW MANY NUCLEAR SUBMARINES OR MEDIUM-RANGE BOMBERS,
OR INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES, THE SOVIET
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UNION IS EXPECTED TO HAVE IN, SAY 1978 OR 1980,
PROJECTIONS THIS FAR INTO THE FUTURE LEAVE THE
CURRENT BASE OF EVIDENCE FAR BEHIND AND ARE, IN EF-
FECT, OUTLINES OF DETAILED PLANS FOR THE SOVIET DE-
FENSE ESTABLISHMENT SEVERAL YEARS BEFORE THE ACTUAL
DECISIONS HAVE BEEN MADE BY THE RUSSIANS. I MIGHT
ADD THAT THESE. PROJECTIONS HAVE BEEN WELL RECEIVED.
THE NEXT CATEGORY OF FINISHED INTELLIGENCE IS
CURRENT INTELLIGEN E, MOST OF YOU ARE PROBABLY FA-
MILIAR WITH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE. IT IS DESIGNED
NOT ONLY TO ALERT THE DECISION-MAKER TO AN INCIPIENT
CRISIS, BUT ALSO TO FILL IN ANY GAPS WHICH MAY HAVE
DEVELOPED IN HIS BASIC AND ESTIMATIVE INTELLIGENCE
SINCE THE LATEST, DOCUMENTS WERE COMMITTED TO PRINT.
CIA's CURRENT INTELLIGENCE IS DISSEMINATED IN DAILY
AND WEEKLY PUBLICATIONS, SPECIAL MEMORANDA, AND
SITUATION REPORTS ON CRISIS TOPICS.
CURRENT INTELLIGENCE HAS OFTEN BEEN COMPARED
TO A NEWSPAPER. I BELIEVE THERE IS ONE SIGNIFICANT
DIFFERENCE, CIA's CURRENT INTELLIGENCE IS PRODUCED
BY A GROUP OF ANALYSTS WHO ARE EXPERTS IN THEIR
FIELDS AND WHO HAVE ALL SOURCE OF INFORMATION OPEN
TO THEM, INCLUDING EXPERTS IN SPECIALIZED DISCIPLINES
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SUCH AS ECONOMICS, FOREIGN TRADE, OR WEAPONS DEVELOP-
MENT.
ANOTHER TYPE OF INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTION COMPRISES
THE RESEARCH STUDY. THESE STUDIES COVER A WIDE VA-
RIETY OF TOPICS--FOR EXAMPLE, AN ANALYSIS OF THE
VARIOUS SECTORS OF THE SOVIET ECONOMY, THE OIL INDUS-
TRY IN IRAN, OR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LASERS IN FRANCE.
THE STUDIES ARE OFTEN PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO SPE-
CIFIC REQUESTS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE, THE SECRETARIES
OF STATE AND DEFENSE, OR THEIR SENIOR OFFICERS.
FINALLY, OUR PRODUCTION INCLUDES WHAT WE CALL
BASIC INTELLIGENCE. THIS IS A DURABLE TYPE OF BREAD-
AND-BUTTER FACT YOU FIND IN THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
SURVEY--THE RAILROAD SYSTEM, THE NUMBER OF PORTS,
THE POLICE MACHINERY, THE MILITARY FORCES OF A PAR-
TICULAR COUNTRY. AS THE. NAME IMPLIES, THE NIS Is
THE RESULT OF A WIDE COLLABORATION OF. DIFFERENT
PARTS OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.
THESE ACTIVITIES--INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION, COVERT
CA TION, AND INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTION--ARE CIA's BASIC
MISSIONS. WE ALSO PERFORM A NUMBER OF RELATED ACTIVI-
TIES IMPORTANT TO. OTHER AGENCIES, AS WELL AS TO THE
CIA, BUT THESE ACTIVITIES ARE IN SUPPORT OF OUR BASIC
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MISSIONS, THEIR RELATIONSHIP WILL BECOME CLEAR AS WE
LOOK AT THE ORGANIZATION OF CIA.
CIA IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR PRINCIPAL GROUPINGS--
REFERRED TO AS DIRECTORATES--AND SEVERAL STAFF OR
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS, THE HEADS OF WHICH REPORT DIRECTLY
TO THE DIRECTOR, AN EXAMPLE OF THE LATTER IS THE
OFFICE OF NATIONAL ESTIMATES WHICH I REFERRED TO
EARLIER, THE TWO BOXES ON THE UPPER RIGHT OF THIS
CHART REPRESENT ELEMENTS WHICH ASSIST THE DIRECTOR
OF. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIS DUTIES AS COORDINATOR
OF U.S. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES,
NOW FOR THE DIRECTORATES, THE DDI, OR INTEILII-
GENCE DIRECTORATE, IS THE PRINCIPAL PRODUCER OF SUB-
STANTIVE INTELLIGENCE. THE DIRECTORATE OF INTELLI-
GENCE ALSO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OVERT INTELLIGENCE
COLLECTION,
THE NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER,
WHICH I REFERRED TO EARLIER, IS ADMINISTERED BY THE
INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE IN CLOSE COLLABORATION WITH
THE DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY AND IS JOINTLY STAFFED
BY THE TWO AGENCIES, AS THE NAME SUGGESTS, THE NPIC
EXAMINES FILMS IN DETAIL AND ANALYZES AND INTERPRETS
THE IMAGERY. THE WORK OF THE NPIC FEEDS INTO AND
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SUPPORTS INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTION THROUGHOUT THE
COMMUNITY.
I NEED ONLY MENTION THE DETECTION OF THE SOVIET
MEDIUM RANGE BALLISTIC MISSILES IN CUBA IN OCTOBER
1962, TO PROVE HOW ESSENTIAL NPIC IS TO OUR INTELLI-
GENCE EFFORT.
THE NEXT DIRECTORATE IS THE DDP OR PLANS
DIRECTORATE WHICH IS ANOTHER WAY OF REFERRING TO
THE CIA's CLANDESTINE SERVICES. THEY CONDUCT ESPIONAGE,
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND COVERT ACTION OPERATIONS.
THE DDP IS ORGANIZED IN A SERIES OF AREA DIVISIONS,
SIMILAR TO THE STATE DEPARTMENT'S REGIONAL BUREAUS.
IT HAS STAFFS FOR SPECIALIZED MATTERS SUCH AS FOR-
EIGN INTELLIGENCE, COVERT ACTION AND COUNTERINTELLI-
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SUPPORT THE DIRECTOR IN HIS RESPONSIBILITY FOR CO-
ORDINATING THE COVERT COLLECTION OPERATIONS WHICH
ARE CONDUCTED BY OTHER U.S. INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZA-
TIONS.
THE DIRECTORATE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AS
THE NAME SUGGESTS, CONCENTRATES ON THE SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF OUR INTELLIGENCE ACTIVI-
TIES
THIS DIRECTORATE ALSO HOUSES OUR CENTRAL ELECTRONIC
COMPUTER CENTER.
THERE ARE A FEW S&TACTIVITIES WHICH ARE LOCATED
OUTSIDE THE DDS&T. FOR EXAMPLE, THE NPIC HANDLES
ITS OWN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR PHOTO INTER-
PRETATION EQUIPMENT. HOWEVER, THE,DDS&T CONSOLI-
DATES AND PASSES MUSTER ON ALL R&D PROGRAMS WITHIN
THE AGENCY.
THE FOURTH DIRECTORATE IS THE SUPPORT DIRECTORATE,
WHICH EMBRACES THE SUPPORT SERVICES, SUCH AS SECURITY,
COMMUNICATIONS, TRAINING, PERSONNEL, FINANCE, LOGIS-
TICS, PRINTING AND THE HOUSEKEEPING FUNCTIONS.
I DISCUSSED EARLIER CIA'S EXTENSIVE COLLABORA-
TION IN THE INTELLIGENCE FIELD WITH DIA AND THE
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MILITARY INTELLIGENCE COMPONENTS, THROUGH THE U.S.
INTELLIGENCE BOARD AND ITS MACHINERY, AND THROUGH
THE DIRECTOR'S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR COORDINATION
OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES.
ANOTHER AREA OF COLLABORATION IS CIA's ROLE
IN SUPPORT OF MILITARY OPERATIONS. DURING "PEACE
TIME," CIA REGULARLY SUPPORTS THE MILITARY SERVICES
AND RECEIVES, IN TURN, ASSISTANCE IN A VARIETY OF
FIELDS. As YOU MIGHT EXPECT, THIS COOPERATION IS
EXPANDED UNDER GENERAL WWA.R. AND CONTINGENCY S.ITUA-
TIONS..
THE RELATIONSHIP, UNDER HOT WAR CONDITIONS,
IS DEFINED BY A DOD-CIA AGREEMENT OF AUGUST 1957
REFERRED TO AS THE "COMMAND RELATIONSHIP AGREEMENT."
THE CIA .ASSETS BECOME, IN EFFECT, A KIND OF COMPONENT
COMMAND THROUGH WHICH CIA CHANNELS DIFFERENT TYPES
OF SUPPORT.
IN PREPARING FOR SITUATIONS OF GENERAL WAR,
THE AGENCY REGULARLY PARTICIPATES IN MILITARY EXER-
CISES
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THOSE OF YOU WHO HAVE RETURNED FROM SOUTHEAST
ASIA MAY BE FAMILIAR WITH SOME OF OUR ACTIVITIES IN
VIETNAM AND LAOS. CIA PROVIDES INTELLIGENCE REPORTS
AND ASSESSMENTS TO AMBASSADOR BUNKER AND GENERAL
ABRAMS.
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5 t!, (A'< 1i,1
CIA HAS ALSO TRAINED GUERRILLA ELEMENTS TO
MOUNT SURVEILLANCE OF THE "Ho CHI MINH TRAIL"--THE
NETWORK OF ROADS AND TRAILS IN LAOS OVER WHICH THE
COMMUNISTS MOVE SUPPLIES TO SOUTH VIETNAM.
APART FROM COOPERATION IN AREAS OF COMBAT, CIA
HAS A TREMENDOUS VARIETY OF DAY-TO-DAY DEALINGS WITH
THE MILITARY.
AIR SUPPORT IS OBVIOUSLY AN INDISPENSABLE IN-
GREDIENT TO OUR OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS, WHETHER FOR
INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION, FOR TACTICAL SUPPORT OF
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GROUND OPERATIONS, FOR EMERGENCY EVACUATION, OR FOR
ROUTINE LOGISTICAL TRANSPORTATION.
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GENTLEMEN, I COULD GO ON FOR A LONG WHILE
GIVING YOU EXAMPLES OF COOPERATION BETWEEN CIA AND
THE MILITARY SERVICES. TIME DOES NOT PERMIT. HOW-
EVER, I HOPE THAT MY DISCUSSION OF CIA's WORK AND
ITS COLLABORATION WITH THE MILITARY SERVICES WILL BE
HELPFUL SHOULD A FUTURE ASSIGNMENT BRING YOU INTO
CONTACT WITH THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY.
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