FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS (AMERICAN FEDERATION OF SCIENTISTS)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75B00380R000300020010-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 13, 2005
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: January 1, 1972
• Content Type: MISC

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203 C Street, N.E. ? Washington, D. C. 20002 ? Code [phone]
Li:&. MARVIN L. GOLDBERGEIi DR. JEREMY J. STONE
April 1972
National Council Members Dear Public Health Worker:
arrison Brown
'illiani M. Capron
arry M. Casper
idney Drell
.ichard A. Palk
ichaci 11. Goldhaber
lorton 1-1. Halperin
. E. Luria
lattliew s. Meselson
ililip Morrison
aurence 1. Moss
ohu R. Malt
ocl Priwack
ohn 0. Rasmussen
corgc William Rathjens
eonard S. Rodberg
,rthur H. Rosenfeld
ameron B. Satterthwaite
lerbert Scoville, Jr.
rictur W. Sidel
ugene B. Skolnikoff
eremy J. Stone
Tictor Wcisskopf
,incoln Wolfenstein
erbert F. York
Quentin D. Young
yard of Sponsors
artial Lint)
enneth J. Arrow
Eels I. llc(he
mnra(l Bloch
ennc Pitts Carter
)wen Chamberlain
Lbram Chayes
LudrC Cournand
aul R. Elirlich
i,drian Fisher
eromc D. Frank
ohn Kenneth Galbraith
)onald A. Glaser
larc Kac
,eorge B. Kistiakowsky
rthur Kornberg
Sassily W. Leontief
(obert Merton
Tans J. Morgcnthau
corgc 1'olya
)avid R esruan
larlow Shapley
Vice Kimball Smith
.'.yril S. Smith
Zobert M. Solow
award L. Tatum
harles iL Townes
3arold C. Urey
Jerome B. Wiesner
IS. Wu
The Federation of American Scientists is actively
seeking the support and participation of persons in the
public health field. Unlike other scientific organiza-
tions concerned with health, such as APHA, FAS has never
sought a tax exemption. It can lobby--and wants to--on
matters of concern to public health specialists. But
to do this it must generate a constituency of informed and
concerned persons within the organization.
The enclosed materials reflect the very substantial
progress made in the past year of organizational reju-
venation. During 1970-71, the Federation became a major
voice of opposition to excessive arms race policies. It
expanded its efforts on matters involving environment and
high, technology. And it developed plans for exerting
influence on other issues of special interest to scientists.
No organization is more cost-effective. On a very
limited budget last year, FAS was widely quoted on such
issues as the Amchitka nuclear test, SALT proposals, the
No-ABM agreement, the R&D Gap scare, the Geneva Protocol
on Biological and Chemical warfare, and the SST. As a
"Science and Government Report" article reprinted on the
reverse side reveals, the Federation began to become a
'fixture on Capitol Hill.
Members receive the FAS newsletter each mouth. They
vote for officers once a year. They may join TACT; C
(Technical Advisory Committees to Influence Cort(;ress),
our lobbying arm of scientists, which entitles then to
receive periodic mailings of material on topics upon which
they might wish to communicate with their Congressmen.
FAS members also suggest ideas to our national office,
comment upon our statements, and get advice from our Wash-
ington office when they come to visit their Congressmen.
But most important, they support a truly unique effort
to give science and scientists an effective voice on
Capitol Hill.
Many of you feel that scientists should be more active
on public policy issues. Many of you regret that your pro-
fessional associations do not take a more active role in these
matters. The Federation offers you a chance to participate
in an active and influential organization designed to express
its view in the Executive and Legislative branches of Government.
Why not join us?
Sincerely,
J^e. Stone
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 The Capitol has not seen anytiyin;, riuite ii'r,e the FAS
pcrforrnanre since the struggle over err:ation (Al the; Atr,mic
Ener;y Comrnission. If tic fcderat.ia i,r'rves rlur:'l'ir, it
will add? to the public process sornet.'ii) r thrit ht:rr:toforc
has been available only in spotty arnr'nnt:;; a gr;m,ine ad-
versary system in arras of public eoncr;rn that. traditionally
have been dominated by "kept" exper t ..
SCIENCE & GOVERNMENT REPORT June 15, 1971
Virtually all Americans know that nuclear war would be mutual suicide,
Virtually all Americans want more independent analysis of environment and technology problems.
But a collection of vested interests, outmoded notions, and slow reacting Government processes, often promote
policies whose effect is to accelerate - rather than to terminate - the arms race. The same factors often
complicate -- rather than resolve -- environmental problems.
t..:4 m. i b a k d to IJ it :. ra L, ii / .o r
The FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS (FAS) is now the major voice of opposition to misguided and
excessive arms race policies. Its record of achievement in the last year is documented on this flier. Also recorded
are a number of victories in the expanding FAS effort to protect the environment from the ravages of technology.
N .I lt. w,r.. L' N W
! . n't I' ~, aT ) tw' l '" ' >, c:l ~1 t ~>KJ d i W v . ,U:.:1 u
V i U `idr ,i U `A-' w O
But we need help. The Arms Race and the other problems of Environment and of Science and Society that
we tackle deserve support from all Americans, not only scientists. Scientists and engineers of all kinds are urged
to join as full members; non-scientist supporters may become associate members. All will receive the newsletter.
All will play their part in the historic effort to turn the arms, race around and ensure a peaceful world and a pro-
tected environment.
'Tho Federation is a democratically structured and non-partisan organization of natural and social scientists and engineers and others con-
corned with problems of science and society. Registered to lobby in support of Its views, FAS takes positions ens argues for thom in the
critical public and Congressional debates over appropriate legislation. FAS was founded in 1046 and was espoclaliy active in the post-war
fight to assure civilian control over atomic energy. It ombarkod on a renewal program of enhanced activity in July 1970.-
-.3, S Oy -"-ICE zS - a 97 -3 972
Chairman: Marvin L. Goldberger
Vice Chairman: S. E. Luria
Secretary: Herbert Scoville, Jr.
Treasurer: Arthur S. Obermayer
Director: Jeremy J. Stone
FAS SIPONSORS EXCLUDE
EMINEN SCi_7N c 1S-ii S :N MANY
Kenneth J. Arrow (Economics)
Hans A. Bethe (Physics)
Konrad Bloch (Chemistry)
Anne Pitts Carter (Economics)
Owen Chamberlain (Physics)
Abram Chayos (Lave)
Andre Cournand (Medicine)
Paul R. Fhriidh (Biology)
Adrian Fisher (Law)
Jerome D. Franc (Psychology)
John Kenneth Galbraith (Economics)
Donald A. Glaser (Physics--Biology)
F IEI DS
Hudson Hoagland (Biology)
Marc Kac (Mathematics)
George B. Kistiakowsky (Chemistry)
Arthur Kornberg (Biochemistry)
Wassily W. Leontief (Economics)
Robert Morton (Sociology)
Hans J. Morgenthau
(Political Science)
Marshall Nircnberg (Biochemistry)
George Polya (Mathematics)
Oscar K. Rice (Biology)
David Riesman (Sociology)
Harlow Shepley (Astronomy)
Alice Kimball Smith (History)
Cyril S. Smit,i (Metallurgy)
Robert M. Scow (Economics)
Edward L. Tc.tum ( Biochemistry)
James Tobin ( Economics)
Charles H. Townes ( physics)
Harold C. Uray (Chemistry)
Jerome B. Wiesner (Engineering)
Robert R. W;Ison (Physics)
C. S. Wu (Physics )
Herbert F. York (Physics)
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ti n. r
and the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
TACTIC Committees also serve to keep the FAS national office informed of their Congressman's
needs for advice, and of his Mews. In order to cover costs, TACTIC members are asked to con-
tribute $5 in addition to their dues.
An EAS member who wishes to interact with his Congressman about science and s, )ciety is :UoS
May join the f=ederation's Technical Advisory Committee to Influence Congress (T ACT!(;') jr hi3 Con-
grec;sion,al District, periodically, TACTIC participantr; receive, background material to inform thorn on
issues before Congress as will as estimates of when the logislation is scheduled to be cs,n,;idr;rr;d,
their Congn:ssrnr:n when
They are, also informed of Congressional recesses and urged to meet with
ho returns to the District. During the first half-year of this program, TACTIC issues included the
Supersonic Transport (SST), ABM, MIRV, the Geneva Protocol on Chemical and Biological weapons,
L10cled Na~ior Council MCnribe1."
Harrison Brown, Geochemistry and Government;
Calif Institute of Technology
William M. Capron, Associate Dean, Kennedy School
of Government, Harvard University
Barry M. Casper, Physics, Carleton College
Sidney Drell, Deputy Director, Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center
Richard A. Falk, International Law, Princeton
University
Michael H. Goldhaber, Physics, University of Arizona.
Morton Halperin, Political Science,
Washington, D. C.
S. E. Luria, Biology, Mass. Institute of Technology
Matthew S. Meselson, Biology, Harvard University
Philip Morrison, Physics, Mass. Institute of
Technology
Laurence I. Moss, Public Policy & Environment,
Washington, D. C.
John R. Platt, Physics, University of Michigan
Joel Primack, Physics, Harvard University
George William Rathjens, Political Science, Mass.
Institute of Technology
Leonard S. Rodberg, institute for Policy Studies,
Washington, D. C.
Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Physics, University of Calif. at
Berkeley
Cameron B. Satterthwaite, Physics, University of
Illinois
Herbert Scoville, Jr., Former Assistant Director,
Arms Control & Disarmament Agency
Victor W. Sidel, Medicine, Alber. Einstein College of
Medicine
Eugene B. Skolnikoff, Chairman, Dept. of Political
Science, Mass. Institute of 7achnology
Jeremy J. Stone, Director, FAS
Victor Weisskopf, Physics, Mass. Institute of
Technology
Lincoln Wolfenstoin, Physics, University of Michigan
Quentin D. Young, Medicine, Northwestern University
Medical School
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Often the Federation newsletter was devoted to separate topics of special interest.
November: Unemployment of Scientists & Engineers
December: The Greening of America
January: Summary of National Science Policy Hearings
February: Privacy of Communications in American Life: Eavesdropping and Mail Covers
March: America and the Use of Force (War Crimes)
In each case, the articles reflected ongoing quiet FAS efforts to resolve the problems discussed.
. (Con hued on reverse side)
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Early in May, the Federation released a detailed report documenting exaggerations in the Soviet
threat presented by the Pentagon's Directorate of Defense Research and Engincerir;g. The statement
loci' to a Congressional Investigation by the Research and Development Subcornmit:ce of the Senate
Armed Services Committee. The report was the subject of widespread news, TV, and radio com-
m
t i
l
di
en
nc
u
ng a 1-lerbiock cartoon.
Time said.
Tulle=
A New Gap. If Foster is wrong but
m:uh:igcs to cnn'.'ince the Administration
that such a threat exists, the result could
he to destroy the spirit if not the sub-
stance of the SALT negotiations, and
cut to a minimum any chances of real
force reductions in Europe. After the
"bomber gap" of the 1950s and the "mis-
sile dap" of the 1960 election cam-
paign proved to be nonexistent, a "tech-
nolo,- y gap" cannot be taken on faith
today--.especially when it could seri-
ously affect the chances of a ddrenie.
A Christian Science Monitor editorial
called FAS a "front" for Administration
opponents to the arms race:
C.
-:i k3;. InI ? ' ceutive committee of the Federa-
tion of Amerlean Uclentists expressed
the federation's strong opposition to con-
tinue Government expenditures on the
S.;'t. On the point of possible upper at-
mosi>heric eirects, the'fcderation said:
Tho dangera o: pollution of the upper at-
mcsphcro, Sven if in fact quite reriouo, could
not be rescnikhcd and resolved in a cuf-
flclently cic,:inivo fanhion to prevent an eco-
nwaioally plausible :ST from being pro-
duced and aced. Now is the time to protect
the environment.
Mr. President, at one time I took some
momentary comfort from the adrninis-
tration's ;t :te gent that the environ-
mental sasses of the SST would be
thoroughly invcstigatcd the SST pro-
gram deferred or abandoned if good
cause appeared from those'investiga-
tions. Upon reflection, though, I saw that
the environmental stakes involved in this
controversy may be so high that a fail-
Eafe philosophy should be followed-that
we should not proceed with deployment
of a fleet of SST's until the SST is proved
to be environmentally safe,
Now I find that a distinguished body
of highly qualified scientists believes
that the time to protect the upper en-
vironment, and indeed the population of
the earth, frot.1 the potential environ-
mental haznrd., of the $ST is literally
now or never-that there Is no fall-safe
approach to dcveloprhent of the SST.
Mr. President, I aile unanimous Con-
sent to have printed in the RFcoro the
September 17, 1970, statement of the
Federation of American Scientists in
opposition to continues: Government
funding of the SST prototype program.
rl" r c^w r C`/,'- ,~\
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L" L, i~ ~ L LL u it `11 ii Yt{ ~SfJ ~a
THE NEW YORK TIMES
the Geneva protocol
The Federation oi' American Scientists has succinctly
ob-sc:ved that the Administration's reservations on the
Geneva protocol are "highly questionable legally, absurd
;politically, repugnant morally, and foolish strategically."
In attempting, to justify the continuing use of tear as
and herbicides in Victnam, where these loathsome weap-
ons appear to have had only marginal miiitaxy utility at
best, the White i-louse has invited the censure of the
world. It has risked undermining the barrier against more
lethal chemicals which American statesmen wisely sought
to erect at Geneva after World War I had exposed the
full horror of gas warfare.
In March, FAS opposed the Administration reservations
on the Geneva Protocol, reservations that would have par-
mited use of tear gas and herbicides in war. Widely re-
ported, the Federation position was referred to in this New
York limes editorial.
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[v IN }" f'a"" tt t~ i ....'', l a (r"` (."'" r~' r
`-1 t .~ i+ bH ZO-, r,! !r.-: S S L`''J . '
In May, F"AS fr;ivcled to Alaska to make its point that the inultirnegaton blast in file AlCU:ians was unnccossar,y
The front mii of the Sunday New York Times
carried a story that began:
TIlE NEW YORK TIMES
Scientists Cast Doubt on Big
H-comb Device Slated for
Test Blast in Aleutians
By JOHN W. FINNEY
Sptclal to ialeHereYork nines
WASHINGTON, May 29---17ie
Atomic Energy Commission is
spending $190-million to test-
fire an antimissile warhead that
it contends is vital for national
defense but that some scien-
tists Allege is obsolete.
H wls to renew my membership and I enclose $ I wish to support FAS and receive the newsletter by becoming a:
The argument that the war-
head, first conceived five years
ago, as irrelevant to thei
changed mission of the Safe-
guard system, was made yester-
day by Dr. Jeremy J. Stone, di-
rector of the Federation of
American Scientists, in testify.
ing before an A.E.C. board in
Anchorage, Alaska.
"Basically," he said, "Can-1
nikin is a bureaucratic over-
sight-an experiment that has,
been waiting to ' b-- canceled'
since, in early 1969, the Presi-
dent changed the rationale for
the U.S. ABM away from thel
;anti-Chinese system."
---_.----------- ----------------------------------------------
^ I am a member b t ' h
!ulaga.-,ino noted
In its environ-
mental impact staten-,cnt, the AEC said
that failure to conduct the Cannikan
test "would severely hamper the de-
velopment of nuclear weapons tech-
nology of primp s.gaificance to our
national security requirements." Pre-
viously, such statements by the AEC
have gone largely unchallenged, due to
a veil of secrecy over the relevant data.
But a good deal is known about the
future uses of the warhead to be tested
beneath Amchitka, and this has led to
knowledgeable criticism of the test's
utility. Much of this critici,~rn has come
from the Federation of American
Scientists (FAS).
Herbert F. York, chairman of FAS
and the first director of Defense De-
partment Research and Engineering,
called the Cannikan test a "pointless
experiment in search of an unnecessary
weapon."
^ TACTIC Participant
and I enclose $5 additional
^ I enclose an additional $5 plus 500 handling for a reduced rate copy of "Race to Oblivion" by
Herbert F. York.
Please send me information on FAS group life insurance.
^ Student Member and I enclose $7.50
^ Member and I enclose $15
^ Supporting Member and I enclose $50
[l] Patron Member and I enclose $100
L7 Life Member and I enclose $500
h'J
Name
Address
Zip Code
` ^ I am a Natural or-Social Scientist or Engineer. OR ^ I wish to be an Associate Member.
SEND HE ABOVE INFORMATION TO: FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIEN T 1S S
203 C Street, N.E., Washington, D. C. 20002
For questions call: [phone]
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Bel cm are excerpts :,n article concerning the Federation from an
independent newsletter written and published by Daniel S. Greenberg,
fot)nerly of Science Magazine.
Vol. 1, No. 10
P.O. Box 21123, Washin ton, D.C. 20009
c,
t,cicnce and the military, once the very best of
symbiotic couplings, have not been getting on well of
late, and the only visible prospects are for a further de-
terioration in their relations. The background to all this,
of course, is the nationwide, Vietnam-induced discnchant-
rnent with all things military, but on the Washington scene,
an important irritant is the newly rejuvenated Federation
of American Scientists (FAS), which, after 25 drowsy
years, has suddenly sprung forth as a stag ng area from
which one-time science advisers to the high councils are
venting their dissent and disillusion. During its first quarter'
century, FAS did little more than coast on the remembered
glories of having been born in the early postwar struggle
for civilian control of atomic energy. But now it has a
Washington office and fulltime staff, directed by an in-
tensely energetic and properly certified scholar of arms
control, Jeremy Stone, a Ph.D..mathematician with an
extensive background in international studies. The organiza-
tion's $40,000 budget is derived from a S15 per year
membership fee paid by its approximately 1500 members,
donations, and some income that originates in an insurance
program for the members. The efficacy of the Stone-
directed FAS attack on Defense weapons planning recently
received a high accolade in the form of a feverish assault
from none other than that hawky deem of vitriolic
journalism, columnist Joseph Alsop, long an advocate
of arm to the teeth and cjon't tnist anyone. Alsop was
moved to take note of Stone and-his associates by publica-
tion of an FAS paper titled, "Is There an R&D Gap?",
which, in reasonably scholarly fashion, demonstrated that
the Defense Department's-director of research, John Fos-
ter, is talking rot in his lately adopted contention that
the Soviets are about to race ahead of the U.S. in military
research activities. What made the paper especially galling
for Alsop, and, presumably, his Pentagon friends, is that
the current chairman of PAS is Herbert F. York, the
1958-61 occupant of Foster's Pentagon position, and that
the four authors of Lite document cannot be shrugged off
as uninformed dogooders. The group was chaired by Mar-
vin Goldberger, chairman of the Princeton physics do-
parlrnent, who has been 'a high-level official of Inc In-
stitute for Defense Analyses as well as a member of the
President's Science Advisory Committee and the Defense
Science Board. The other mcrnhers arc: Gcorgc Ralhjcns,
Professor of Political Science at MI'L', who was formerly
deputy director of the Defense Department's Advanced
Research Projects Agency; F.M. Scherer, professor of
economics at Michigan, and co-author of a standard work
on military R&D, "The Weapons Acquisition Process,"
and Richard It. Nelson, professor of economics at Yale,
an internationally recognized authority on the economics
of research and innovation.
i` 1 i s i ~~ (;NCH
J
June, 15, 1971
Their case, covering 37 tightly written, well-documented
pages-with emphasis on contradictions and discrepancies
in congressional testimony by Foster and his Defense
associates-does not lend itself to summary. (The entire
paper is reprinted in the Corrfgressioiail Record of May 110.)
But the stated conclusion of the group's findings fully
conveys the flavor of their work, to wit: roster's warnings
of possible impending Soviet supremacy in military re-
search "has been a classical nu;ni,crs game featuring
selective disclosure, questionable assumptions, exaggerat-
edly precise estimates, misleading language, and alarmist
nonsequiteur conclusions."
just how effective the FAS can be is still too early
for accurate assessment, but the fact is that it has been
ingratiating itself on Capitol Hill in an altogether unique
fashion. Various legislators, including some former long
time friends of the Defense Department, now feel sour
toward the traditional practice of giving the Pentagon an
essentially blank check on national resources. And they
welcome the availability of something that heretofore
has never been readily available, namely, well-seasoned,
independent experts whose credentials easily match, and
often exceed, those of the Defense Department experts
who formerly had the field to th rn.,,elves. This interest
showed itself on May 25, when the Defense Subcommittee
of the Senate Appropriations Committee took the unusual
step of accepting an FAS offer to provide a group of ex-
pert, independent witnesses to comment on the Defense
Department budget for the next fiscal year. It would be
interesting to know what muttcrin, s of anguish went on
in the Pentagon that day, for the quartet that showed up
before the subcommittee consisted of Princeton's Gold-
gerger, Herbert Scoville, former deputy director of the
CIA; George Kistiakowsky, White 1-iouse science adviser
under President Eisenhower, and Leslie H. Gelb, former
director of the policy planning star f for the Defence De-
partment's office of International Security Affairs.
Similarly, on ,June 10, the FAS ent another of its b ig
guns to the Capitol, Morton Il. llalhrrin, deputy as.istarit
secretary for Arms Control and Policy Piannin,' under
President Johnson, following whicl-, he was a member of
the senior staff of the National Security Council in the
present Administration. Halperin, appearing before the
Ilouse Defense Appropriations Comiuittee, urged the legris-
lative branch to exercise independent judgment on militan'
affairs, and called for sharp cuts in defense spending.
The Capitol has not seen anything quite like the FAS
performance since the struggle over creation of the Atomic
Energy Commission. If the federation proves durable, it
will add to the public process something that heretofore
has been available only in spotty amounts: a genuine ad-
vcrsary system in areas of public concern that traditionally
have been dominated by "kept" experts.
postage will be paid by
XEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS
11
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Washington, D. C. 20002
BUSI,NLESS REPLY MAIL
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