THE ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS IS IN DANGER OF BECOMING AN ALLIANCE FOR REACTION'

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000500320022-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: June 15, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

JUN 1 5 1965
(N9P IWW6*5U0_1_49R0oo5 03ZUtT 12- 13111
promising start 4 years ago, is in danger An originally envisaged at Punta del Este,
.of becoming an "Alliance for Reaction." the Alliance was to achieve the rapid me.
Professor Flores writes, in part: America essentially by parliamentary, peace-
ful, and gradual reforms, The key to the
The pasawordn we now military aid, whole program was to create and maintain
counterinsurgency, civic action, and armed favorable incentives for foreign and domestic
In addition to the heavy emphasis systems of Latin America were to be improved
upon military activity and the placing along the lines of traditional banking ortho-
of more and more control over the civil- doxy. nure Efficient and equitable systems of
land Yortnm were to be ImnlsntwA through
of the money is being spent under the goals on the social reform front. A general
target s waas the annual Increase of per capita
Alliance for programs that ignore the tr m
g a ...-1
oRD In recent days shows that In the course, the united States-or, more seen.
Dominican Republic, in Ecuador, in Bo_ rately, the simplified, Sunday supplement
livia, and in Colombia, political Cond1- stereotype vthlch plain Americans and the
Rtafn Department .ebu to be the of
t Ihstea ore modest
Professor Flores believes they have no?? ? ? ?? ow. ass was sought'
been helped In Brazil, either, b The first showcase was Puerto Rico. But
Y our though President And `._ _
,
1
__ __ --- dh _.
the National IInl-oned and te initial hopes-of the ce Allian eofits fy of f eeconomics om and nd at at present a visiting had been replaced by a more realistic policy
vpr .
professor of f the Mexico, social sciences at the e Uni- By then, , Teodoro
th'Moecoso, the Puerto Rican an .
versity of Chicago. Dr. Flores has frequently bureaucrat who with some embarrassment
..or"?. rose "sae- The. Latin American oligarchies like the
words now are military aid, counter-incur- statue quo. They are content with their
gency, civic action and armed Intervention. jot and do not want change or devemmnwnt
The Brazahrn -oup and _ --_..__ __ _
direct Intervention and U.S. military power? "erefore during O1?e"ee. loot
What are the differences, et eurprl , ther, the forma-
, any, between live stages tages of the efore, Alliance, durithe conservative
President Johnson's " invade au- -_,_....__ _ ..
FOR IS that
-----.---. .'leer'y e. "rseures for social and eco- familiar pieties and torrid slogans that the
IN DANGER OF BECOMING ' AN nomie reform in Latin America were formlda- North Americans were using so freely, and
''ALLIANCE FOR REACTION" ble. The defensive response of many fright- .grasped the essentially conservative char-
ened American nations was the Alliance for actor of the enterprise called the Alliance,
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, in an Progress. In 10 yens, with the magic of 10 they gave their support. The Latins had
article published in the current issue of billion U.S. dollars, the Alliance would been scared by-the revolution of rising ex-
the Nation, Prof. Edmund Flores, a pro- streamline rigid social structures, revitalize pectatlons because this vague cliche does not .
fessor of agricultural economics' at the economies and peve_ the way for political translate well Into Spanish and carries con-
xico,
plating Professor at the University of ------ be --"wowed in l4tin erica cull. sense, not in Its recent Madison Avenue us-
y Communist expansion would he contained ige. But once they realized that the North
Chicago, has written that the Alliance once more More need be no more Cubes America" were in no mood for change either,
r for Progress, w111oh ft, off to gush, 's, In the Weetetia nemtsphere, they premulpted with loud fanfare
Approved For Release 2oo4/Oif?6 Y;.9(A,RDPJ oo149.ROOO.50032UOr22 1,
 Approved For Release 2004/01516N CIA-RDP7V% 149R00050O3 0022T1
lslation to start phony fiscal and land re- tonal Latin America were rocked by labor After the army, of course, the carpetbag-
forms-and to get dollar credits, disputes. The men and women on the streets gore would follow, The external expendl-
-
-
vrgwnznu?va? ur um.cu? vw, o. .. - y?o?"w^ ?.v" ,., Ia., v, ?A.,? .^ m,?
ou ea ?ce
y?,uewue au u-wvuIu oe proleerea. )
ter-American Development Bank, capitalized run by the military-went on strike, rioted, The differences between this policy and
at $860 million when it was founded In and battled the police and the army prao- gunboat diplomacy or dollar diplomacy are +
108D, was put in charge of virtually all the tinnily everywhere. matters of style. After Santo Domingo, 3
finances of the Alliance and brought onto After the Bay of Pigs, U.S. military actlvi- there Is not much difference In the Latin
Its staff a few good economists from Latin tics In Latin America were greatly Intensified. American mind between Theodore Roosevelt,
"
f
--
developed into a sort o
support for the
the "N me Wise men,
munary vivic Actioti' con- ceiving can, intervention Is intervention Is Cecil B. Do Millo spectacular In which nine cept defined as "the use of preponderantly Intervention.
local talents were charged with advisory et indigenous military forces on projects use- The Brazilian coup wee the biggest trf-
tact by profession, pushed for the construe- spired subversion or overt aggression and to grow in Scope and brutality. In addition to .;
?-tion of his pet project: a highway In the civic-action projects designed to promote Brazil, many countries are under the tutelage
Amazon (instead of land reform); the Co- stability and strengthen national aeon- of the Alliance-Pentagon-CIA axis. Pri-
lomblan Government began to build dame omles." ? marily, they are the 14 countries that were
(instead of land reform); land-reclamation When Thomas C. Mann became the hand of corraled Into the sad farce of giving retro-..,
ions nave peen mace to carry taleui uu.. Ica, empnasis snutea to internal security and Easy will inexorably-local military re- -
Thus, President Beladnde, of Peru, an archl- capabilities for use against Conn unlst-in- pression and U.S. armed intervention will
effect real, fundamental, Irreversible reforms. McNamara asserted: Brazil with unconditional financial and tech-
Its purpose was precisely the opposite: to "Until about 1900, military assistance pro- rascal aid from the United States, then, per-
devise technological and administrative Im- grams for Latin America were oriented to- haps, the hard Alliance would find a way
provements as a means of avoiding drastic ward hemispheric defense. Ap it became out. But his chances of success are neglial-
Trust. Recently, when It became obvious such fields as education, training, public Branco received Instant recognition, extra-, ,
that the Alliance was on the verge of col- works, agriculture," Civic action Is "s vagrant praise, and quick Alliance aid. Bra-
lapse, the Inter-American Committee ICAP, weapon against Communist-inspired subver- zlllan humor Is famous. The U.S. Am
? ? ?
headed by the Colombian Carlos Benz de slon
a technique of guerrilla warfare dor has been propoeed as a candidate In the
Santa Maria, was Improvised as an emer- and counterinsurgency? The proposed to- future Brazilian elections under the slogan: ,
gency booster to keep It alive until military tal Latin American military assistance pro- "Avoid Intermediaries: Lincoln Gordon for
reinforcements arrived. gram for 1964 amounted to $77,262,000. President."
The Alliance was not designed to put Into In June 1903, Defense Secretary Robert If Castello Branco could cure the ills of
universities niso engagea on researcn ann . cerely anti-Communist to being pushed in vpnient ann social cnange. As long as a t.
technical assistance. Foreign experts could the mass media. Time recently called Gen- handful of men own almost all the land, and
be seen everywhere. Some were concerned oral Barrington, the American Air Force- a few foreign corporations control the min- ~? ' ?'
with fiscal policies, others with Industrial and trained Bolivian n....e . "Vha Steve flan- oral wealth, the public utilities and plants- F
and other agencies provided credits and con- In social innovation. The Idiotic notion that Pervades the politics of most of the Latin
ventional technical assistance. The United the military is the only group on which the American countries stems from the ploys- y..:"
States, the Economic Commission for Latin United States can rely because It Is familiar lance of ancient and rigid social conditions
rejects Kinney transplants. "'??? ???? ??????i"????? ?? ",?? ^?!??????.."e iavasioq or the Dominican Republic have
anticipation of a spreading revolutionary created move hatred toward the United
The foreign technicians and Pence Corps , ,,,??A ._ .6- ---------- .---_-_?_ _. _ ..
ployment, Illiteracy, religious fanaticism, ??'"???-" " .????"?? YV60P"?^?ay rurtuer Tocqueville admired; the tradition of which
itize the
and right social stratification seemed to reject - be considered. U.S. military-should at least FD.R. and his New Deal form part. The way
__._....___ _.....,_ ....... ...... .....? a "..,. Countries. More ominously, It also brought
realized the tragic inadequacy of their heir ethno- the "no-nonense'? unilateral decision to 1n-'
centric, feeble tools, and incantations. Thus .n___.._
..
in to d the
really interested In the development of their blast bra. This ter sooner or later North
respective countries had known since the In- Americans knew the Ine-Am American system, but
knew from experience that North
GAS
the.
caption of the alliance: that La Alianza
soul
little, too late, and too damned superfici the need arose.
In the meantime, the economies continued -
to deteriorate. Inflation rose at staggering ' %U.S. Department of Defense, "Armed
rates, food shortages and food Imports In- Forces Information and Education: for Com-
crossed,capital flight persisted, the exodus mender,/' "Civic Action: The Military Role-
of peasants to the cities mounted, and the In Nation Building,' vol. III, No. 14 (Jan. 1$ -
military share of the budgets kept growing. 1904). U.S. Department of Defense.
In Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Colombia I "Military Aid to Latin America In the U.S.
landless peasants occupied haciendas and Congress," by Michael J. Francis; Journal of challenged the army. Sometimes they were 'Inter-American Studies, July 1904. 1 .
'killed but at other times were left alone. In - s "The Military," by Lyle N. McAlister in
the mines of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil miners 'Continuity and Change In F,atIn America,
went an strike and fought the army and the edited by 3. J. Johnsonyr..i...-,tr
 NEW YORK TIMES
JUN 9 1965
ttS. ASIAN POLICY
SCORED AT RALLY
I "Morse, at,Garden, Warns of
'Abyss of Total War'
;Fly RAYMOND DANIELL
United States policy in.Vlet-
signs an Imposed en~
i'naln was assailed last night by forced" f national unityndthat'
.'speakers at a rally In Madison characterized much of Europe;
i Square Garden organized b
the
y
National Committee for a SANE
Ndclear Policy.
Senator Wayne Morse, a
D$mocrat of Oregon, who has
logg been critical of President
7Johnson's policy, said in a
Senator Morse, who has
sailed President Johnson's
that the consensus on Vietnam
"is not a consensus of our peo=I
plc, nor even the community ofi
nations; it is ? a consens I
among the State Department,
Defense Department, a
Intelligence Agency and th
White House staff."
evidence In the Uhited States
today.
He castigated the record of
the Departments of Defense and
State, the C.I.A. and the White
House staff, which, he sald,J
"b
een wrong not once but
speech pt?epared'for, the. rally
that Administration y consistently over the last 11
policy was years" on Vietnam. In the last
leading the United States to four years, he said, that record
thel'abyss of total war." has grown worse.
e e e said the at a anews - "With each
Mgrs
he dclared,on"we were
ence at the Dorset Hotel that told by the Secretary of Defense,
the war in Asia could not be,or of State that one morn in-
`won and that in the end the!cremcnt of American funds or
{,United States would be "kickedhclicopters or advisers would
out.,,
be the
e that would put the
"There are doubts beginning'
effort ovcr
:a to show at the grass roots; He continued: "I
.. predict that
but our policy there. he said.!:..
ill
'ego jng home those doubtswill!Amerlcan peop earise up to stop)
,
The Socialist leader. Norman
em.ato , Se Thomas and several civil rights the Unit Morse asserted that
leaders also spoke at the rall bra United States t
jrwhich was supported -by many brought peace to South Viet f
,liberal and pacifist organlza. Cam nor halted the advance of
.'ions. C ctics; nlswas m th wing but, by by Its
Tickets From $1 to $10 t e-mil] ons Into the aAsians b
rms of
Ticket prices ranged from $1 Communism."
to $10. Voluntary subscriptiongg Contending that the United
provided the $1,500 down a J aI?ates was being dragged into
meat for reserving the Garden. a ape war, ? the Senator
'A 'spokesman for Sane said that urged that hat the United States
the -use of the Garden cost 6 _! sock an international police
,006 more' $ force, through the Southeast
and that the cost of Asia Treaty Organization or the
services Added $3,600 more. United Nations or with an Afri.
r' Sane seeks to raise $250,00D~can=ASiaq,peacc fpce, as sue
this vear to tress ItI___._.
or
aniz
n
ti
g
a
y
a
ons prom-
inent in civil rights and pacifist
causes were listed amone the
tbupporcers or' Sane. Among
then were the American Ethi-
caFUnion, some Reform Demo-
erode clubs, the Student 'Non-
,violent Coordinating Commtt-
tee,-the Student Peace Union
th
'
e Women
s International
League for Peace and freedom
.and church and university or-
tsanadur Shastri of India.
Professor Morgenthau quoted
Secretary of Defense Robert S:
McNamara as having said that
the issue was not whether the
United States shouldcgntlnue
Its role in South Vietnam butt
whether It should cdntinue to!
try "to hale Communist expan1
slon In Asia." ;
The United States, Professor.
Morgenthau' declared, could no
I?? . wu,nmmsm m
A listing of scheduled speak-!Asia by arming South Vletnaror
,ers included Dr. Benjamin and Thailand than Communist
'Spook, the child-care specialist; China could . contain United'
Hans J, Morgenthav, professor States power in North America
of political scle h i t by arming Nicara d C t
ne
ua an
t
g
e s ory a
os a -Mr. .Thomas in' hiss eech;
,the University of ni leago? Bay. Riea? said that attempts to po Ice the
1063 Civil Rights March it ending the conflict; qincluding ag world, against Idea. mmuJ
Approved For Rel /@tTh G~raCUOIaR? It f ~a iif' b6 t1L 1 3 d -f 1o t or otherwise-and in
re fm u er ng Jr, wife o the p a a m . I*L 'Other- people ax were
( nonce of Communist Igo on would force ,a divided CommU
Ipl .oC? the Nobel' lseace ALAAlaua9.akt14ttCr.,.::,,...~ 9. "did ,lose Ankea , ~., !,