TOWARD APPEASEMENT OF RED CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000400410014-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 5, 1999
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: August 8, 1955
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

AUG ` 8 1955
IMSWEEK A
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP75-001498000400410014-1
-INTERNATIONAL
CPYRGHTTowardAppeasement' of Red China?
.This week another conference opened in Geneva-this time between
Ambassadors from the U.S. and Red China.
Publicly, Washington seemed determined to limit negotiations to
"practical matters," such as the release of 51 American prisoners still
held in China and possibly a cease-fire in the Formosa Strait.
Peking was equally determined to bring up Formosa itself.
Here are the questions people are asking as the conference begins
and the way they're being answered in high Washington places:
Is the Geneva conference the prelude
to appeasement of Red China? It most
emphatically is not planned that way by
the State Department. Nor has the meet-
ing been arranged-as reported in some
places-because of any threat that other-
wise the Chinese would launch an all-out
attack on Quemoy and Matsu. The pros-
pect of war in the Straits of Formosa has
dwindled to the vanishing point.
The original intention had been to
confine the meeting to the question of
U.S. prisoners. But it soon became appar-
ent that Peking wouldn't agree. The
decision to broaden the range of topics
met opposition in the State Department,
but, eventually, it was decided to do
so-with the reservation that National-
ist China would not be discussed. The
Chinese Reds, however, undoubtedly
will bring up their claims on Formosa.
U. Alexis Johnson, U.S. Ambassador to
Czechoslovakia and the U.S. representa-
tive at the talks, has been instructed
not to discuss them with his opposite
number, Wang Ping-nan, Peking's Am-
bassador to Poland.
What about a cease-fire? The U.S.
still insists that a cease-fire must in-
clude the islands of Quemoy and Matsu
and a pledge by Peking not to try to
Changing Mood:
Had the Administration a year ago
m*tr sounded out public opinion
on the visability of discussing out-
standing tss xes with the Chinese
Reds, the natidna,Jsputter of indigna-
tion would have sou sled like New
Year's Day in Hong to.",,g Some of
the loudest noises wouldaye gome
from California, where opiniabs run
to extremes, and where many pep]e
feel a proprietary interest in the a
fairs of the Pacific Basin.
A year ago, Red China was a sen-
sitive conversational topic at other-
wise friendly dinner tables. Liberals
spoke darkly of a China lobby "con-
trolling" Washington, while conserva-
take these island outposts by force.
Will the U.S. maintain a firm position?
Many feel it won't. They think the Chi-
nese will pave the way not just for talks
between China's Chou En-lai and U.S.
Secretary of State Dulles-as Senator
George of Georgia, Democratic Chair-
man of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee, advocated last week-but for
a Big Five Foreign Ministers conference
with China this fall.
Would the U.S. buy a deal with Red
China? More than anything else, some
leaders in Congress feared the political
reflection of what many felt was the
peace-at-any-price mood of the Ameri-
can public in this contented, prosperous
summer of 1955 (see below). The irre-
sistible tide flowing from the summit talks
might well carry the U.S. close to the
shoals of disastrous appeasement in the
Far East. At least, that was the opinion
of a large group of congressmen.
From Peking last week end, Chou
called for an Asian-Pacific collective
peace pact, including the U.S., similar to
Russia's European security proposals
(designed to wreck the Atlantic alli-
ance). But Chou, like the Russians,
sounded conciliatory. He hinted there
wouldn't be any trouble about releasing
Memo to the Editors
tives were all for furling Chiang
back onto the mainland immediately.
Six months ago, many here expected
war with China, and the Formosa
issue, "so it seemed to some observ-
ers, had become an emotional
swamp. But that was six months ago
-far, far in the receding past. Wash-
ington's announcement of talks with
Red China came and went, and so
much has the public mood changed,
no shout, not a sputter, but a
wides d nodding of heads.
Leonard.-Slater, NEWSWEEK'S
West Coast correspondent.
e ease : 75-001 ROOQ4QQ41 OA1 1t 8, 1955
Wang: Conquest by subversion
American prisoners. And Senator George
-an excellent weather vane for changes
in U.S. foreign policy-went out of his
way to point out Peking's change of tune.
Intelligence reports from Formosa
compare conditions on the island to those
ghat prevailed on the mainland in 1949,
ust before Chiang's final collapse. So un-
ess the U.S. held firm, it looked like
dear sailing for China to eventually con-
uer Formosa by subversion.
DISASTER:
With `Deep Regret'
Ch
tting eagerly of Israel in many
50 passengers boarded the big
white Constellation in London,
blue an
Vienna for El Al Israel Airlines'
o Tel Aviv on July 6. For
twelve Americans oboard, it
some of th
land. For ele
coming, The
emigres who g
to visit relatives.ih the new
ve aged Russian-Jewish
forward to homes
aboard included si
on in'Vienna looked
n afeer land. Others
s, three Germans,
three South Africans done Austrian, one
Pole, one statess p son, and seven
crew members,-'`57 in as
A little metre than tw*q hours out of
Vienna, Capt. Stanley Hinlls. an. RAF vet-
eran, andEl Al Israel's flit-operations
superintefident, radioed Atheps he was
proceeding normally at 15,340 feet in
clear visibility down the 10-mil' wide air
corridor through southern Yugoslavia,
 Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RD
WASHINGTON TIDES
Talking With Red China
C YRGHT
mtiE "meeting at the summit" re-
laxed tension without settling any
of the remaining issues between the
Soviet Union and the West. The ad-
just{nent of various specific difficulties
has been left to diplomacy and time,
with'-; no assurance that they ever
will `e settled satisfactorily from
our vi wpoint.
The problem of relaxing
tensions between Commu-
nist ChiT?a and the free
world-or at least the United
States-is t a different
stage. Whip; some specific
difficulties nay be left to
time and hops others must
be adjusted before tension
can be lessened, The strug-
gle in that quarter is not
just a "cold war.'.' A shooting war is
still going on. If tension is to be re-
laxed, the Chinese "civil war" must
be stopped.
The ambassaclorik conversations
ited
U
h
d
n
e
t
between Red China an
sw el wiser for us to talk directly wit
ffort tY
i
an e
States are, on our po
verify whether tension can be relaxed the Chinese Communists rather tha
in the Far East. The 'Chinese i- to rely so much on third parties
tionalists do not want it relaxed. It is especially intermediaries not in fu
not certain that the Chinese Reds sympathy with our views-or to perm
want it relaxed unless the "ceivit'war" ourselves to be dragged into multila -
is concluded on terms favoAe to eral conferences in which we ai
them. Nearly everybody else -Wants it likely to find ourselves in a minorit
relaxed. The Eisenhower Amirjstra- Most governments think that the Ch -
eriod f
lon
t
d
g p
a
s wan
tion clearly does. It has ma e a cease- nose Re
fire in the Chinese civil ar itsst peace while they concentrate on i -
objective after the rel ase of the, ternal problems. If tension is to e
American civilian and _military prix= relaxed, they must convince us als I.
oners held by Bed Cina.
There has been a ode facto near T LIE starting point must be the situ -
cease-fire in the Chin se civil war for IL tion as it now exists and the r
several months. Pel rig has refrained funciation of force as a means f
from attempting to capture any more altering it. This means, among oth r
of the offshore ends. It has been things, that the Chinese civil war mu t
surmised that tl~ restraint was only be Stopped where it is. In a lasti g
temporary-untilafter the summit con- genet settlement, the offshore s-
ference or un the Reds had com- lands may belong with the mainla d
pleted their air build-up in Fukien rather than with Formosa. But th y
Province opposite Formosa. Indeed, should not be relinquished un r
a report 1 as been published that duress ornas a precondition. If Peki g
Krishna MOnon, Nehru 's special emis- wants the-,, offshore islands, or F r-
sary, told7 Washington that the Chi- mosa, or some other prize more t in
nese Reels would unleash another it wants peace, it does not want pe,, cc
military attack immediately after the badly enough. If we want peace, e
summit meeting unless we immedi- must be prepared to accept the Peking
ately J egan negotiations with them. regime as the government of Coati-
This ij denied by a responsible person nental China.
Pre
Me
(dent and Secretary Dulles.
on did say, however, that he had See INTERNATIONAL, page 28.
no assurance from the Chinese Reds
that they would not attack.
More than three months have
elapsed since Chou En-lai publicly
declared at the Bandung conference
that Red china did not want war with
the United States and proposed direct
negotiations. To have deferred a be-
ginning much longer would
have been tantamount to a
refusal. Except as to the re-
lease of American nationals
and possibly a formal cease-
fire.; the ambassadorial con-
versations probably will be
chiefly exl .:,.J. If th
Chinese Reds seem earn-
estly disposed to esche
further use of force an(
threats of force and to see
peaceful settlements, then the talk
cari be lifted to a higher level.
There are matters which w
shouldn't, and won't, negotiate in th
absence of the Nationalist Chines
and other nations involved. But it i
)W-9@%R000400410014-1
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August 8, 1955