THE ROLE OF THE CIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000200830003-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 22, 1999
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: February 27, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

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fMr. As1r9ROOlc7 served as a member. I
include ill the body of today's RECORD an
article by Jack Steele in the Columbus
Citizen-Journal, on Monday, February
27.1tJG7:
PgWF.r,I, CASE; ASIIBROOK CALLED TVRN
IN 1963
(By Jack Steele)
WAS[lINGTON.-IP the House had paid at-
tention to Rep. John M. Ashbrook (R-O.)
bnck In 1963,lt might have avoided the pres-
ent hassle over seating Adam Clayton Powell.
Ashbrook, in a House speech on March 12,
1963, accused Powell of falsifying an ofncial
expense report he had filed with the House
on a 19G2 junket to Europe.
Tllis was Powell's notorious six-week Jaunt
to l,c~ndon, Paris, Venice, Rome, Athens,
Delhi and other watering places with two
women members of his staff, beauty-queen
Corrhtc Huff and Mrs. Tamara J. Wali.
The Chrce had luxuriated at London thea-
ters, Paris nightclubs and at a beachhouse !n
Greece.
Ashbrook charged that Powell had drawn
far more In foreign currencies from the State
Dcpnrtmcnt to finance the junket than he
]Ind reported spending to the House.
Powell ignored his charges.
The State Department refused to divulge
how much it had turned over to Powell and
life companions in foreign currencies-most
of It counterpart funds generated by the for-
eign aid program.
'nc~ House Administration Committee,
which now aspires to serve as the guardian
of congressmen's ethics, disclaimed any re-
sponslbllity for checking up on Powell's
trnecl expenses.
'fhe House collectively yawned.
Now-nearly four years later-the special
House committee which investigated Poweli's
fir,ness to be seated finally has confirmed
that Ashbrook's charges were correct.
The cammlttee's report disclosed that
Powell and his two fellow travelers collected
:A10,G07 in foreign currencies from the State
Department for their 1982 European Junket.
Control But they reported to the House that they
only in hnd spent less than half this on the trip-
csire for t493A. The report does not say what hap-
ambient pened to the rest of the money. "
e federal The committee dug into Powell's foreign
n should trips because one of its members, Rep, Ver-
te states non W. Thomson (R-Wis.) remembered
sect upon Ashbrook's charges and demanded that State
>y special Department records be subpenaed, if neces-
=~d a spe- nary, to check on them.
ability in The records show that In the years 1981
ial privi- through 1964 Powell drew X13,814 in foreign
mportant
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currencies for his own trips abroad and
listed only $G902 in expenses in his reports
to the House.
(Mr. DORN asked and was given
permission to addretss the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks. )
f.Mr. DORN addressed -the House.
His 1^emarks will appear hereafter in the
Appendix.]
NEii,D TO REVISE SELECTIVE SERV-
ICE LAW-XXIV: THE NEGRO AND
THE DRAFT
(MI?. KASTENMEIER (at the request
of Mr. KnzEx) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this Point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter)
Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, at
the House Armed."Services Committee
Ilcarings last June, our colleague, the
distinguished gentleman from New York
(Mr. PrxE7, asked General Hershey if
the percentage of qualified Negroes
drafted 'was higher than that of qualified
non-Negroes. The Director of the Se-
lective :iervice responded;
No; I don't think so, because in the first
place the population is somewhere around
11 or 12 percent, so that leaves in all other
groups about 68 percent and I doubt very
seriously that the 88 percent isn't furnishing
a higher percentage, relatively, than the 12
percent.
The results of a study of the draft
figures for 1965, however, dispute Gen-
eral Hershey's thoughts on this matter:
1,037,78!3 whites were given preindttction
examinations; 630,592 were found ac-
ceptable-60.7 percent of those ex-
alnined; 194,696 were drafted-30.8 per-
cent of those found acceptable; 163,425
nonwhites were given preinduction ex-
aminations; 47,792 were found accept-
able-29.2 percent of those examined;
29,608 were drafted-61.9 percent of
those found acceptable.
While it is convenient to cite file fact
are conscripted, and this essentially
means the Negl?o, at times may approxi-
mate the percentage of Negroes in our
population, the significant fact is that
a smaller proportion of Negroes meet the
physical and mental standards' for in-
duction, and of these, a larger proportion
are drafted.
Statistically, then, the Negro qualified
for induction stands twice as great a
chance of being drafted as does the white
who is qualified for military service. '
SOUTH AFRICA MUST RE-EXAMINE
I'PS RACIAL POLICIES
(Mr. FRASER (at the request of Mr.
KnzEx) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point iri the
RECORD ?Zr~d to include extraneous mat-
ter J
Mr. F'T3:;SElt. Mr. Spcal:cr, the strict
segregation of the races that is attempted
by the Goverlunent of South Africa is
bringing" it more problems every day.
The Christian Science Monitor for
February 17 points out that South Afl-ica
must ".find the will and the means to
bring all of its inhabitants, regardless of
color, into a fuller participation in all
aspects of national life."
I commend this editorial to the atten-
tion of othel? Members of the Hollse.
NE;W DILEMMA IN .SOUTII AFRICA
A dispatch to this newspaper from Cape
Town recently revealed another of the ser-
ious difficulties facing the Republic of Sottth
Africa. In its efforts to increase the white
percentage of the population, the govern-
ment has been encouraging European immi-
gration. Now, however, there is a rising de-
mand from within the Afrikaans-speaking
community that such immigration be halted.
And the reason? Because most of the new-
comers were found to be joining the English-
speaking sector, arousing fear among the
Afrikaners that their present firm grip on
the government might some day be swept
away.
Thus the government finds itself In a cleft
stick. On the pne hand the white popula-
tion (both Afrikaans- and English-speaking)
came to less than one in Query flue South"
Africans in the 1960 census. Furthermore;
the nonwhite majority (black Africans, Cape
Coloureds, and Indians) has a far higher
birthrate than the whites. Therefore, 1f
there is no immigration, the whites will be-
come asmaller and smaller minority year by
year,
On the other hand, the Nationalist govern-
ment has clearly found It imposlble to find
adequate sources of immigration (the most
likely being German and Dutch Protestants)
who can be expected to meld with the Afri-
kaner portion of the white population. Thus
any other kind of white inflow raises its own
throat to Nationalist sway-that of seeing
English-speaking whitedom take over the
running of the country.
This dilemma is but one of the forces.
which will inevlttibly force the Republic of
South Africa into a thoroughgoing reexami-
nation of its basic racial policies. It be-
comes increasingly apparent that the funda-
mental need is for that land to find the
will and the means to bring all of !ts Snhabl-
tants, regardless of color, Snto a fuller par-
ticipation in all aspects of national life.
This is an inescapable obligation, as the
increasing contradictions of any other course
of action show.
THE ROLE OF T~iE CIA
(Mr. FRASER (at the request of Mr.
KAZEN) was granted permission t0 ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and t0 include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker ,the recent
disclosure of the secret relationship be-
tween the CIA and sevel?al pl?ivate or-
ganizations and of cel?tain LlSIA activi-
ties has prompted considel'able public
discussion as to the proper role of these
two groups.
Edward P. Morgan, news commentator
for ABC, has expressed some penetrating
observations on the danger:. he sees in
allowing these types of activities to con-
tinue.
I have unanimous consent to have
these comments printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
F'EHRUARY 14, 19G7.
According to the late George Orwell, the
brilliant and iconoclastic British writer, Blg
Brother was not supposed to take over until
1984. But thanks to the assiduous stupidity
of the Central Intelligence Agency and the
well- if covertly-budgeted activities of other
do-gooder bureaucracies within the U.S. gov-
ernment, the realization oY that happy day
of total domination of a citizen's life by
higher authority may be hastened by a full
10 years Sf, indeed, it is not alrrady upon us.
This may come as a surprise to the Kremiln
which had been under the Smpression that
1t was unchallenged in totalitarian pursuits.
The jarring realization that the Americans
are not only in the running but could con-
ceivably claim the laurels is almost enough
to blight the 60th anniversary celebration
of the Bolshevik revolution which the Rus-
sians are now preparing for October. But
after a11, that's the risk the Marxists run In
trying to compete with a free society which
has a budget so big that it can afford to pro-
duce, not only color television seta but c4m-
pus scholarships, in effect, for training in the
arts of subversion and espionage, without
really knowing what it is doing.
Ah, there's the rub-without really know-
ing what it is doing. No master demon is
actually sitting in Washington conspiring
to brainwash the American prople and rob
thorn of their rights. Nevertlleleas, this in-
eldloua operation ie underway before our very
eyes ands we hardly know it !s happellfng.
It la not too late to understand what is going
on and reverse !t. But this Involves a reall-
cation of what well-intentioned officials can
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' H 1800 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE February ,27', 1967
do, are doing and have done, with budgets "I@;norance , Is Strength." They'd sound
that have become bigger than the average pretty good, wouldn't they, under govern-
mind can comprehend, and with the unques- ment subsidy?
tinned purpose of furthering the national 'Phis is Edward P. Morgan
interest. But who defines the national in- night from Washington.
terest these dayaT
The Defense Department has asked for 73
billion dollars to protect it. Inevitably, in e,
spending that much money the Pentagon
puts its own interpretation on the national
interest, which bidders for defense contracts
are not likely to challenge too sharply. The
CIA's budget is chicken feed by comparison.
It is secret but the New York Times in a re-
vealing series on the agency last year esti-
mated it as upward of half a billion. Even
at current prices, that wlll feed a lot of
chickens.
The trouble is now another CIA turkey
Iras come home to roost. Eclipsing its ex-
pose last spring of how a Michigan State
University project for training Vietnamese
police had become a front for the agency,
an irreverent monthly magazine called
Ramparts now reveals this: The CIA for
about 16 years has been subsidizing the in-
ternational staff of the biggest, most moder-
ate and most "respectable" campus organi-
zation in the country, NSA., the National
Student Association. How patriotic, how
appropriate, how economical! Teach red-
blooded young Americaxts how to spot a
revolutionary at a World Youth Congress,
then let these budding James Bonds come
back and report. There is, in fact, great
merit in briefing youth on the sinister facts-
and they can be sinister-oP international
po[itical life. But the place for this is not
in some secret school for Junior G-men but
openly, in public and private education.
The ghastly trouble now is that the public
doesn't really know whether some university
training project is being secretly financed.
Just as the Michigan State-CIA liaison was
being revealed, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, with reluctance and embarrass-
ment, publicly severed its ties with the
agency which had helped establish, with a
x9300,000 grant, MIT's Center of International
Studies fn 1951. With six million dollars to
spend, the U.S. Army hired a special task
force from American University in Washing-
ton to conduct a secret study of revolutionary
situations In Latin America in 196b. Fortu-
nately it was exposed and blew up before it
did much diplomatic damage. Even earlier
educators were debating tfle dubious merits
of disguised federal support for special "edu-
cation" projects. How can you fertilize
academic freedom 1f the administration 1s
not free to say why or whence the cash is
coming?
The New York Times revealed two Sundays
ago that ROTC cadets in seven western states
have been given "confidential instruction
that association with certain political orga-
nizations could endanger their being granted
a commission." An interesting military
invasion of a civilian province which the De-
icnse Department confirms. The U.S. In-
formation Agency in the past has secretly
'contracted with authors to write books,
whose federal sponsorship was not known.
The USIA has lamely complained that only
a "few" such instances were involved.
Why don't the master minds in the CIA,
the Pentagon, the USIA and elsewhere in
government stop to think sometimes what
their pretty plans are likely to do to the very
free institutions they are supposed to be
helping protect? The CIA found the virginal
Peace Corps almost irreaiatible but Preaf-
dent Kennedy .extracted Director Allen
Duilea' solemn pledge 1ta honor would not
be violated with spies, Presumably !t re-
mains pure as the driven snow but the CIA
seduction of the NSA now unfairly raises
insidious doubts,
In George Orwell's book "1994" Big
Brother's one-party system has three slogans:
"War 1s Peace;' "Freedom is Slavery;' and
THE TRICK IS PEOPLE
good would argue that we can. even go beyond this
to help create energies for development. We
can help instill the idea in individual men
,/~ and women that their action, especially when
combined with that of t'~eir neighbors, can f
KA7,EN) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the Recoxn
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. FR.ASER,. Mr. Speaker, a pene-
trating analysis of the process necessary
for modernizing society in ills developing
nations was presented last weekend by
the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr.
MORSE 7 .
His emphasis on the strategy and
techniques for involving people in run-
ning their Own affairs deserves careful
reading by all Members as a basis for
shaping foreign aid legislation for fiscal
1968.
The remarks follow:
THE TRICIfi IS PEOPLE
(Remarks of Congressman F. Bradford Morse,
Republican, of Massachusetts, before the
conference on "Societal Change in Devel-
oping Countries: Alternatives to Revolu-
tion" Institute of International Relations,
Stanford University, February 24-28, 1987)
It 1s mast impolite for a guest to criticize
the topic of his host's conference. Neverthe-
less, Tfeel Imust take issues with the "Al-
ternatives to Revolution" portion of the con-
ference theme, for I am convinced that there
is no alternative to revolution. The problem
for 'the developed and the developing society
alike is to encourage that revolution to be a
quantitative increase in political effectiveness
rather than a cycle of violence, coup and in-
-stabillty.
The deficit in our thtnkiug about develop-
ment has been that we have concerned our-
selves principally with but one aspect; eco-
nomics. Increasingly we are discovering that
this is inadequate. It is not enough merely
to provide more economic resources. This
must be done, of course, but more money,
more dams, more transportation networks
will not in themselves bring about the broad-
gauge development that is necessary to put
the developing societies into the 20th cen-
tury as cifective nations.
We must give equal attention to the devel-
opment of human resources, In short, with
polltlcal development. Because as John
Plank of the Brookings Institution has put it,
"political development in the last analysis
is something that. occurs in individuals."
It is time to stand some of the traditional
theories about development on their heads.
One need look only at Germany of the 1930's
and South Africa today to demonstrate that
economic progress does not necessarily lead
to political enlightenment. Fortunately,
there is evidence, of which this conference is
a leading example, of a new interest and at-
tention to the political dimension of develop-
ment.
Another evidence is the enactment of a
new Title IX in the Foreign Assistance Act of
1988. The text of Title IX is short and sim-
ple. It provides that "emphasis shall be
placed on assuring maximum participation
through the encouragement of private volun-
tary organizations and strengthened local
government lnatitutions." Both elements are
virtually unknown in much of the developing
world.
The co-author of Title TX, Congressman
Donald Fraser of Minnesota, has stated the
thrust of the legislation this way: "The
Problem of the developing nation requires at-
tention to the soolal and political structures.
These must be changed to release the en-
attention to poltttcal development, we should
in no way insist upon anl- particular polltlcal
system, nor attempt to Impose any particu-
lar political institutions. ,The encourage-
ment of involvement, of popular participa-
tion, is the key. Nor do T suggest that we
fight the cold war between free and commu-
aure, this is still a significant concern as the i
famous country/city conflict formulation of ~,
Lin Piao demonstrates. It has always been a
problem for Americans to understand why,
despite generous outpourings of money and t
material goods, the developing nations are
not more stable, their people not more com-
mitted to the "democratic way of life", and
the appeal of communism is still so great.
Part of the problem is inherent in the I
moderation and pluralism of the democratic
approach. Part lies In the relative stages of
historical development. C. E. Black has put
the contrast well:
"The societies that modernized relatively '.
early were able to adopt a pragmatic approach
to their problems and did not bother to think
!n general terms about what they were do- i
ing. When it comes to presenting a succinct
statement of their- experience and Sts rele-
vance to other societies, they are at some-
thing of a disadvantage as compared with a
communist leadership that has gone to great
trouble to conceptualize and rationalize its
program. In many instances where rapid
modernization is taking place with the meth-
ods and assistance of the advanced eocletles,
the indigenous political and intellectual lead-
ers are tacking in ideological goals and incen-
tives."
What Ss the framework in which we will
bo operating to any effort to contribute to the
political maturity of developing nations?
Many of our historians and political analyGts
have listed the characteristics of the mod-
ernizingsociety. They include: consolidation
of local authorities, creation of a relativell
large and effective bureaucracy, increase it
citizen participation in government, increases
use of a common language, heightened na
tlonalism, urbanization, levelling of income
education and social differences, growth a
mass media, mechanization of agriculture
and industrial activities, higher standards c
health, disintegration of traditional famil
and tribal units, increased application ~
violence, and atomization of the individu;
from his traditional sources of security.
These characteristics are found in varyln
degrees and in varying combinations, but f
a large extent they reflect the pattern of d~
velopment qi the western soclet:ies mo
nearly than the patterns we have seen
far in the developing world. The nations
Latin America, Africa and Asia have e
perienced more of the negative than t
positive factors of development thus f;
The disintegrative factors have outpaced t
integrative ones. And the job of achievt
broad economic and social progress is pre
ing far more difficult than imagination a
expectation are prepared to accept. T
makes political development all the m
necessary and urgent. As one scholar 1
said, "it 1s the past and prospective in,
equacy of economic and local progress t:
argues strongly for more direct action
develop polltlcal systems than can ens
developing sxieties to contain and man
the explosive tensions being generated
oontinuning and inevitable economfo
social frustratigbs."
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