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• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000200090020-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 25, 2000
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: May 23, 1960
• Content Type: PREL

" U-2 T'MGI3NP ".CO'J PLED WITH INCIUMS TAT' ,'+TE OCCL'RRET1 0 ,?J
KKED FJA A CQN i IMri.NQ its IEW
Approved For Release 2000/08/26 : CIA-RDP75-00149R000200090020-2
 Approved For Re~.& f RRle P7 Mf000200090020-2May
percent better attendance record than young-
er workers. In Chicago, when a leading de-
partment store checked its files, it discovered
that absenteeism was 35 percent higher
among its younger saleswomen than among
those over 50.
"We need young trainees who will stay with
us for many years," one crewcut personnel
man, himself just recently out of the trainee
class, told me. "If we hired people over 40,
halt of them wouldn't stay on the payroll
lonlL. to justify their training costs"
B% who are really the job jumpers? To
find;;. the truth the Labor Department
anal d nearly 2 million job-separation
recor The quit rate of men in their twen-
ties a thirties turned out to be nearly
three m,es higher than that of workers
What out the charge that older workers
have mo accidents? Bunk again. It's the
inexperie ed youngsters who leap before
they look . o end up in the hospital. Work-
ers over 4 a Federal survey of 18,700 em-
ployees re tly revealed, actually have 2.5
percent fe disabling injuries and 25 per-
cent fewer ndisabling injuries than those
In the youn age brackets.
As for sick, s, mature workers have a far
better record an their juniors. Visits to
plant clinics headaches, colds, and simi-
lar ailments a most common in the 20-34
age group, leas requent among those over
60. Ina study a ore than 9,000 steelwork-
ers, men with or more years of service
were 'sick enoug ;. to be hospitalized only
half as Often as w the younger men.
No matter what', ther reasons they recite
er-insurance and pe ion costs make too
expensive to hire an ne on the wro side
of 40. But this alib as been thoroughly
exploded by an exte ve study conducted
for. the Department of bor by a committee
of 19 pension and insu . nce experts.
To provide $3,500 gr life insurance for
added, "would reduce th
hour or less."
each employer's accident
the age of his workers. H
insurance policies likewise
affected by the age of the
ployer is seldom expected to
a pension for him in 5 or 10
committee noted,
my 2 cents more
30. "Tax deduc-
its," the report
cost to 1 cent an
be lower for
ps, since their
we are all paying higher taxes to provide
unemployment benefits and relief payments
to the competent workers that industry is
needlessly discarding.
Yet these vast expenses are but the begin-
ning the ll, For as long as we permit
men a wotomen of 45, and even 35, to be
barred m employment solely because of
their age; {we are leaving the way wide open
for the Ilk of an explosive political move-
ment that 1 make the "ham and eggs," the
"$30 every ursday," and the Townsend
plan of the 1 0's seem like Sunday School
- "The older wo er," New York State Sena-
tor Thomas C. D and has warned us, "is
tired of hearing abut the problem of age
discrimination. H wants something done
about it. There ar llians of people be-
tween 40 and 65 w e livelihood Is jeo-
pardized by the discr inatory use of the
crude, unreliable index age as a measure
of capacity. The frustr ons of the older
worker can find release i wild handout
movement that will engul a stability of
"If economic life becomes to and for the
over-40's," says Secretary of La James P.
Mitchell, "they will form the m ;3t potent
pressure group this Nation has ev'Sr known
and force some kind of public program for
their survival. This is a problem industry
must face immediately. Will it find places
for them-and make profits from their pro-
ductio r will it wait to be taxed much
mor avily than now In order to sustain
t as nonworkers?"
Where We Stand in Space
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHESTER BOWLES
18
WHERE WE STAND IN SPACE
(B,v I o y, 4JIp,Q. DADDARIO)
The exp oration of space said the devel-
opment of its use for service to man is a
major responsibility of Congress and its
Committee on Science and Astronautics.
Because we are not the only nation so inter-
ested, a race for space has been created with
every success or failure tallied on the chart
of world public opinion. We cannot ignore
so great a challenge. Involving as it does
both the military survival of the Nation and
its economic well-being, it demands an ulti-
mate effort. This is a capsule report on the
outlook as it appears to me after studying
reports and listening to statements by our
scientists, military leaders, and industrialists
as presented to the Committee on Science
and Astronautics, of which I am a member,
MAN IN SPACE
There is great public interest. in the proj-
ect to put man himself into space, This
represents a new frontier, one without limit,
unlike the vanished frontiers of the earth's
surface. It is too early to say whether put-
ting man into space in this manner will have
immediate economic or military significance,
but no one can doubt the psychological im-
pact in the world power struggle, or the
ultimate consequences both for military de-
velopment . and for scientific and economic
endeavor.
Putting man into space sucessfully for any
length of time is the culmination and syn-
thesis of a great amount of our modern
scientific knowledge and technical achieve-
ment. It involves reliable propulsion, ma-
terials of remarkable qualities, intricate
guidance and communications, and a collec-
tion of environment controls to overcome the-
absence of air, the presence of radiation,
weightlessness, and the fierce heat of reentry.
It also requires a vast system of ground sup-
port including tracking and computing fa-
cilities and effective recovery means. To
have all this combined and made to work
reliably is a major undertaking resting on
the base of billions of dollars of research,
development, and testing.
As of this date it is difficult to predict
with certainty whether it will be the United
States or the Soviet Union which first
achieves the successful orbiting and recov-
ery of a man in a ballistic capsule. It would
not be surprising if the Russians do it first.
This is because they have had larger rocket
powerplants for a longer period of time, and
because they early pursued a vigorous and
highly successful program of biological ex-
periments in space which have included the
successful recovery of living animals from
some very ambitious vertical probes into
space.
The U.S. effort is centered in Project Mer-
cury. Although it has its limitations, it
represents our first important hope for suc-
cess. It is well thought out and is pro-
ceeding in an orderly way at a very high
level of priority.
Particular public interest has centered on
the seven chosen astronauts. Having met
these young men, I can assure you that they
are skilled and dedicated, and that they will
bring this country success if it is within the
capabilities of man.
No positive timetable can be given on such
an experimental program. However, our
tentative goal is to make the first ballistic-
type attempt with a modified Redstone
carrying the capsule and astronaut sometime
this year, If all goes well, it may be pos-
sible to orbit a man in 1961. It is most
likely that he will orbit the earth three
times in a period of 4 hours and then skip
down from outer space into the upper at-
mosphere, beginning over the Pacific, cross-
ing the continental limits of the United
States, and landing in the Atlantic Ocean.
Follow-on projects at various stages of
development or study include Dyna-Soar,
OF CONNECTICUT .
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 18, 1960
Mr. BOWLES. Mr. Speaker, one of
the most effective and hard-working
Members of the House is my good friend
and distinguished colleague from the
First Congressional District of Connect-
LIO DAnh >o.
icut, the Honorable
"MIM" DADDARIO EMI a'
habit of attaining distinction in any-
thing he attempts. From his college
days at Wesleyan University in Middle-
town, Conn., where he became one of
Wesleyan's alltime star athletes, he pro-
ceeded to co n enviable military
redo d1 33~gr arm w _tt8ce
T.-. -:
period, a ecame _mayor of Middletown
and later judge oI the lviiaaiewwu uIU-
nicipal court. With the outbreak of the
Korean conflict, he returned to military
service, this time in the Far East, again
compiling a distinguished record.
As a member of the Committee on
Science and Astronautics, "MIM" DAD-
DARIO has made significant contributions
to the pioneering work of this group.
His grasp of the difficult and complex
problems of the exploration and develop-
ment of outer space are clearly shown in
an article he has written for the May
many cents per hour or per (ftliar earned.
The older man, of course, g a smaller
supplementary pension when' 'he retires.
But that is far better than being`harred from
employment and getting no in&me at all.
The experts' report was published more
than 2 years ago. Yet many an employment
manager still uses the old peslon cost
argument.
What is the price we all are paying for
this callous squandering of precious skills
and trained minds?
For the victims of the process, age barriers
spell shattered lives. For millions more of
us the threat of finding ourselves all washed
up' In the prime of life poses a haunting
fear for the future.
But for all'of us, whether we be employees,
dl
,
ous
the self-employed or employers, the irisi
growth of age discrimination involves an attention of my colleagues. The text
even greater threat to our futures. Already follows:
Approved For Release 2000/08/26 CIA-RDP75-0'01498000200090020-2
1960 issue of the Wesleyan University
Alumnus, entitled "Where We Stand in
Space." Under leave to extend my re-
I call the article to the earnest
marks
 960 Approved For Re veR2F000/08//26 : CIA--RDP75 001498000200090020-2
of your own, if a merger, business failure, cient in everything else, so flagrantly waste
or introduction of automatic machinery skill, talent, and experience?
--suddenly wiped out the job you've held for For more than 4 months I have hunted
years. for a logical answer to these questions. I
In New York City, for example, changes in have interviewed scores of persl di
onnerec-
HON. AIG HOSMER shopping habits have compelled three large tors, sales managers, production executives,
o department stores to close within the last and company presidents. Like everyone else
ALIFORN.CA two years. Each time, almost 1,000 em- who has studied the problem, I've listened
IN THE HOUSE REPRESENTATIVES ployees were thrown out of work. Each to a host of reasons. But every last one has
time, the younger workers, with but a few turnedt t b
ouoe not a reason at all, but
Wednesd May, 18,1960 years of experience, were quickly offered merely an excuse based upon mythld
s, o Mr. HOSMER. r. Speaker, persua- jobs by other big stores. But almost all the wives' tales, half-truths, and raw, ugly
others, men, and women with 15- and 20- prejudice.
give reasons why w ers over 40 should year records as star salespeople, found them- Typical was the answer of the personnel
not be discriminated' ainst were set out selves on the scrap heap.
by Albert Q. Maisel the American "When the Namm-Loeser Brooklyn store director of a metalworking firm with more
than 5,0150 employees.
he es. I hate to turn down
Weekly several years o. These red- closed, nearly 600 of its older workers reg- an older r man," he told m}3: "But you can't
ions still are valid and t Maisel article istered with us," Janet O. Wolfe, manager get over th ft thta
eaca,fter 40 they slow
deserves not to be forg , en. The fol- of the commercial and sales office of the New down. If we didn't rip f a hiring age limit,
lowing is a condensation eh a.nnPa.rari York State Employment Service, told me. our products ?__
THE BRANCH ON WHICH IT I
(By Albert Q. Maisel)'
had never before found It hard toy
Ideas over convincingly. But as he
comfortably before an interviewer's
Course) had lost his position when a merger
swallowed up the drug manufacturing firm
for which he had worked for 14 years. He
described his record: As an honor student
at college, as chief pharmacist at a hospital,
as a "detail man" introducing new drugs to
physicians, and as supervisor of a dozen
other pharmaceutical detailers.
There was more than a hint of despera-
tion in,his voice as he named the salary he
would accept, a third less than he had earned
before. But when he finished, the inter-
viewer smiled encouragingly, and lifted a
card from her file. "You've got exactly the
experience these people are looking for," she
told him as she reached for her telephone.
Seconds later she was'fescribing him to a
personnel director, "Yes, he has his own
odr," Jones heard her say. "Yes, he lives out
on Long Island and knows every physician
and druggist in the territory. His age?
Let's see. Oh, yes-he was 41 last Decem-
ber."
For a fleeting moment Jones' eyes had
been aglow with hope and anticipation.
Then he heard the interviewer, saying, "But
won't you even see him?" And his shoulders
drooped as he realized that once again hed/
:had been denied the ,.,,,....,._ to b_ . .
to perfection.
I'm terribly sorry," the interview
to scorep or thousands of
At 45, 40, 35, sometimes a
e i a
wumaeu who, in the faceof . des erate men and "omen in heir middle 40's dominantly the youngsters who turn up on
p from all hope of employment. In all seven Tuesday or Wednesday after a weekend
Shortage of filled personnel, are being rou- metropolitan districts, one hiring order out bender,
tinely ref d even an interview, solely be- of every five set the maximum age for new In fact, wh the Bureau of Labor Statis-
cause of he accident of their dates of birth. employees at 35 or lower.
The age bias could hit you just as dis- Is there any real excuse for this cruel dis- 0
ties 00 male eempees cind109 f more than 16,
manufacturing
astrously as it hits them, through no fault crimination? Why does industry, so effi- plants, It #ound`hat men over 40 had a 20
II
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Jobs After 40,
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
.rte n resuic, an inaepenaent stamping
plant lost its contract and was forced to
close down, throwing 5,000 men out of
For most of the younger men it me
Often
scends 1'
dustrial relations executives of 196 large
companies, "Are your older workers less effi-
cient?" three out of every four of these men
responded with a loud "No I"
Researchers from Temple University
recently queried 97 Pennsylvania companies
employing 1,000 or more workers each. On
quantity of production, more than 60 per-
cent of the firms rated their older employees
as "average or above average." More than
90 percent of the companies said that older
men turned out finer work, had far lower
spoilage rates, and far fewer rejects.
Another favorite excuse centers about the
charge that older workers are inflexible and
unimaginative, and have trouble getting
along with younger men. But when the
Bureau of National Affairs asked executives
whether they had any great difficulty super-
vising the work of older men in their own
plants, 81 percent of the officials from large
companies replied, "Not at all," and 90 per-
cent of the executives from companies with
fewer than 1,000 employees gave the same
emphatic answer.
cards, experience hases of '-`""" ?aaaac.,atiac. SCL uu percent of tneir
setup on planers, millers, shape' pmust be supervisors reported that the older men got
under 30." along just as well with their foremen and
Thousands of similar ads, casuall' erring their fellow employees 'as did the majority of
mature workers as if they were d a,. ,, younger men.
hiring ra ur w +~a ~r pupae over 4u are
the whole ugly story. Confidential h'? g measurably better than those Of youngsters.
orders to employment agencies are even in Prentice-Hall Inc a book- bli hi
pu s ng con-
eful? Of often discriminatory. Last spring, for i cern, surveyed a cross section of companies
Sevent .Y e
ng every day Bored a study of more than 21,000 such job Y-six percent of the firms, reported
d
and women. orders received dnrino A ine,o ?. ha.t. vrnura7
---- ----- -??" -..a,.,a v+ au ,iuua -- ..??..? y"~+ag ~+ carom uuburvua a getter
ge barriers erected were tagged "older workers needn't apply.- ra g,
mnln-
------ - acres. nut wnat are the facts?
ervisors or fellow em- than three-quarters of all requests for new Among women it is predominantly the'
defending job jumpers employees. -
 Approved For Release P20 n0 08I RECORD - DPp E-0Oi49' R0002Q0080020-2A425I
which in advanced versions will orbit a man,
and allow some choice as to point of landing
through use of a winged glider reentry in-
stead of the straight ballistic fall with blunt
nosecone and parachute as intended with
Mercury. Farther away but under study are
manned space stations and ultimate expedi.
tions to the Moon, Venus, and Mars.
CAMVIVNICATIONS SATELLITES
One of the earliest and surest payoffs
from our, space research is in the area of
space communications. The most compel-
ling urgency is to have a sure system of
worldwide communications. The volume of
military messages being far in excess-of our
commercial traffic illustrates the importance
of communications to our national security.
We know how vulnerable most of our com-
munIcetion channels are from solar dis-
turbances and how`terrible the consequences
would be in this missile age if immediate
commands could not be passed between
headquarters and our strategic forces both
on airfields and in the air the world over,
and how our defensive tracking and com-
mand systems also can falter when com-
munications become difficult. Ordinary
communication channels are not only over-
crowded, but can blank out for days, and'yet
military requirements call for instantaneous
linkage.
These are the ' compelling arguments ad-
vanced for putting the first generations of
communications satellites called Project
Notus under the control of the Defense De-
partment. Project Notus includes several
parts: Project Courier will be an improve-
ment of the Project Score Atlas which car-
ried the President's voice and teletypewriter
messages around the world in December 1958.
It is called a delayed repeater active satellite
because its taperecorders pick up messages
for delivery on command from the ground at
a later time. Project Steer will be somewhat
similar, but will relay messages Instantane-
ously by rebroadcast. It offers the oppor-
tunity for developing virtually jamproof, sun-
storm-proof line of sight narrow beam signal
transmission. Project Decree will come
about when we have more powerful launch-
ing vehicles to place the real time repeater
satellite 22;300 miles over the Equator so
that its speed in orbit matches the rotation
of the earth exactly enough to hold it with
minor corrections in fixed position relative
to the surface of the Earth. Three properly
spaced equatorial orbit satellites will allow
line of sight communication to all except
the extreme polar regions. All these devices
are practical, but will call for careful design
to create reliability of circuits and a durable
power supply from either solar cells or a
nuclear source of energy whether isotopic
battery or a miniature reactor with heat
exchanges, turbine, and generator.
While we are waiting for these military
projects to reach perfection, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration will
be pursuing the passive relay of signals by
placing large reflecting objects in orbit
against which anyone may bounce signals
just as the Navy is bouncing signals off the
surface of the Moon. This. passive satellite
relay is called Project Echo and will include
the placing and inflating of exceedingly thin
100-foot-diameter metal-coated plastic bal-
It is Manned that these
loons into, orbit.
balloons ,will stay in orbit for a time before
they gradually slow and are destroyed on
reentry to the upper atmosphere.
Once urgent military needs have been
eared fo', and perhaps partly in parallel,
we are going to see a commercial use of
communications satellites. The research for
tlllis , is e,lready underway among ' the big
telephone, cable, and radio companies. The
reasons grg fairly simple. ? Not only can
s>Sch links be free from the delays of solar
activity, but they "offer many more than-
nets through which information can' be
VESICLE FAMILIES
My discussion above is largely In terms
of the important end uses which are coming
most immediately. Equally significant is the
development of the launching vehicles them-
selves.
Ballistic missile experience is the founda-
tion of by far the largest part of our space
effort. Powered with the H-1 rocket engine,
the Atlas, Thor, and Jupiter have put up all
but the nominal payloads of the Vanguards
and the early Explorer satellites. However,
the relatively limited Vanguards and Ex-
plorers of the 1958 period have provided com-
ponents for the upper stages of the more
versatile vehicles of the present. Still better
Is the new Agena second stage for use on
either Thor or Atlas. It has been placing
1,700-pound Discoverer engineering test
satellites into polar orbit.
The Agena B version which will be ready
presently will have a restart capability in
space. This development will be essential to
attaining the controlled and circular orbits
in space needed for the communications and
other advanced satellite applications. An
additional improvement because of the
greater efficiency of hydrogen as a fuel will
be the Centaur upper stage. This will have
important military assignments and also will
provide the first significant capability for
lunar soft landings of instruments and In-
terplanetary probes.
However ingenious we are with improved
upper stages, our present total lifting capac-
ity will be limited to that possible with our
largest launching booster, the Atlas. Atlas
has a thrust of 360,000 pounds, only about
half that used for the first three sputniks
and first three lunik Soviet rockets. This
gives a clue to the importance of Saturn, a
clustered arrangement of eight H-1 engines
of the type used by our present boosters,
and expected to give a first stage thrust of
close to 1.5 million pounds.
Along with the big booster are to come
super upper stages fueled with hydrogen,
and delivering in final version 800,000
pounds of thrust for the second stage, taper-
ing to a fifth Centaur stage. This ultimate
arrangement is the kind which will carry
men around the moon and perhaps support'
a landing there. Such landings are feasible
with our present technology within a decade.
Saturn is not the end of the line in boost-
er development. Some funding has been
given the F-1 engine, to deliver from a single
chamber 1.5 million pounds of thrust. With
clustering in the Nova concept, we may see
as many as 12 million pounds of thrust
made available, the basis for a manned
round trip to Mars.
Many people close to the work also wish
we were pushing with more speed on Project
Rover. This Is a nuclear heat exchanger
rocket already ground-tested which will ulti-
mately increase tenfold the payload that
can be sent on interplanetary missions.
Here is an opportunity for a significant surge
ahead in space for the United States.
Another possibility in the nuclear field is
Project Orion, a nuclear bomb propulsion
system which would propel a spaceship by
firing a sequence of modest-sized nuclear
weapons. Enthusiasts see the opportunity
for lifting literally thousands of tons of pay-
load by this means.
Electrical propulsion development Is
showing another important gain for inter-
planetary work. These may include electro-
statically accelerated ions or electromagneti-
cally accelerated plasmas.
All of these plans will see much further
development and some applications within
the.next decade or two, the speed being
Ap ,r..oved:Ear.Release, 2000108126 :;CIA-RDP75 700,149 # Q0~200 2Q~
poured. Satellites' will prove cheaper than and Polaris submarines at a cost well below
laying more ocean cables, will provide many the presently maintained long-distance range
additional channels, and will make Inter- stations. Their signals will also have prat
continental television a practical thing. As tical commercial value and will be available
of today pictures sent live across the Atlan-
tic take hours of broadcasting and taping
to produce a few minutes of pictures and
the results are hardly satisfactory for regu-
lar or instantaneous use.
In contrast, the satellite planned for
Project Decree will be able to carry 300 voice
channels or two television channels through
the 8,000 pounds of weight in orbit. This
project should be a going thing, in less than
5 years, and will be just the beginning, for
one industrial company has plans for an
advanced satellite capable of relaying 50,000
voice messages simultaneously. Once the
big 1.5 million pound thrust Saturn booster
is perfected, stations of this type can be
placed in orbit.
The needs for high capacity are very great.
The National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration has shown that there were 1.5 mil-
lion oversea telephone messages in 1950,
that 3 million are expected this year, and
that the saturation capacity of slightly over
4 million messages will be reached by 1962.
By 1970 the number of messages could rise
to 21 million if facilities were provided.
Since no. cables are planned to keep up with
this project demand, communication satel-
lites will be a virtual necessity during the
present decade. The present two Atlantic
cables carry only 36 voice channels each.
Compared with the estimate above as to
what satellites will do, one can envision the
kind of "quantum jump" which is coming in
our contacts with the rest of the world. In-
deed, it was Arthur Clarke, author of "The
Exploration of Space," who suggested to my
committee that the first nation to achieve
a practical television satellite might set the
universal language for all the world. This
will exert a force on the course of history
far greater than ever previously experienced.
ER SATELLITES
Although not a cani 'ere al project in it-
self, the weather satellite is likely to exercise
a profound influence on the world economy
within a decade. Leading weather experts
have said that the United States alone may
realize benefits from this one type of satel-
lite in excess of $4 billion a year. Such a
saving would be more than enough to pay
for the entire space program.
The weather satellite is still an experi-
mental device and is under development by
the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration under the code Project Tiros. This
will be followed by the more sophisticated
Project Nimbus. Success here will give con-
tinuous reports on cloud cover, heat balance,
solar activity, and many other related mat-
ters. Weathermen on the ground can then
feed the worldwide information into com-
puters and complete studies now based
greatly on theory. Only then will we begin
to have reliable weather reports useful to
agriculture and industry in a definitive way.
The weather satellite will have military
uses as well. For example, when reconnais-
sance military satellites are able to broadcast
the Immediate position of ships at sea to
missile launching pads, these ships will lose
some of their present invulnerability. In-
formation from weather satellites relayed to
ships will give them cloud cover reports
allowing them to keep out of sight much of
the time, and thus reduce their vulnerability.
"NAVIGATION SATELLITES
The Navy r par cu a as a very
keen interest in a navigation satellite called
Project Transit. In effect it will become a
manmade 'radio star which regardless of
weather can be sighted through instruments
and very exact readings on location can be
made` through the Doppler shift of signals
as it passes. It is expected that these devices
will be available within 2 years to guide ships
 service life insur-
nated on April 25,
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NGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX May 18
"1llere is not room here to develop the
Lull implications of our entry into the space
age. I have reviewed in general terms some
'Df'the ,pplieatlons which will come in our
pacework and the vehicles which will
carry out these tasks. We must realize that
our needs for scientific discovery are linked
with space research and that our success in
Ineeting these challenges affects our status
as a world leader in the eyes of people all
over the globe. There is no doubt that we
have at this moment the technical ability
and the industrial skill to accomplish leaps,
ahead in space. We also have the inherent
abiiitles and skills in government and In the
'universities. , It will all take a combination
of time, money, and good management. In
the background there must be attention 'to
.scientific education and training, and , Rn
understanding of the importance of this
program extending far beyond the current
I
funding of the particular projects being de-
veloped.
My review would not be complete without
a Clear recognition that however we may
wish to dedicate, space to peaceful uses and
.to practical applications which are finan-
cially self-supporting, there are some very
urgent military aspects as well. Quite aside
from the ballistic weapons which are be-
coming for the immediate future the main-
stay of the nuclear deterrent of both, the
United States and the Soviet Union, space
has an immediate and urgent significance
of military concern. The Midas infrared de-
tector for satellite observation of any mis-
sile launchings, and the Samos photo-
graphic, television, and electronic ferret sat-
ellite for advance warning of military ac-
tivity represent key projects which involve
our very survival. They represent a means
to have sufficient warning of any sneak
attack on this,country which may in fact
rule out such sneak attack as being a prac-
tical strategy to use against us. Civil de-
fense and retaliatory strikes are back in
the picture to a worthwhile degree if we
could have evena full half hour of warn-
ing from Midas. The present hoped, for 10
to 15 minutes, of warning is almost mean-
ingless. Modern defense involves many com-
plex Issues and forces, and space develop-
ment is inseparable from consideration of
our defense.
There remains the very real hope that
space activity in some form will eventually
rule out the waste of military preparations,
and may serve as a unifying force In human
endeavors. T11s is something for which we
should all fervently hope. Meanwhile we
have no real choice but to do our best to
increase our understanding of the space en-
vironment and to increase the skill to use
this environment. These, are goals worthy
Veterans Life Insurance
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF INDIANA
QUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
nesday, May 18, 1960
my district re
'World War II
cause and hope that favorable action can
be secured on pending legislation by the
.gress before adjournment.
The following is a resolution passed by
the Hessville Community Service Post
-232, the American Legion, Hammond,
Ind.
RESOLUTION-I#ESSVILL'E COMMUNITY SERVICE
POST 23.24 THE AMERICAN LESION, HAM-
Whereas t right of World War II vet-
erans to rea ly for national service life
insurance en d on April 25, 1951, and
Korean veteran .had only 120 days after sep-
aration from t Armed Forces in which
to apply for said insurance; and
Whereas readju ment and economic prob-
lems made it ext melt' difficult for many
worthy veterans t 4maintain their national
service life insura a or to take advantage
of early opportuntie o secure the insurance,
and because now, w advancing age and
growing family resp sibilities, they des-
perately need the insu nce protection; and
Whereas three bills a now before the
House Veterans' Affair Committee which
would accomplish the p ose of providing
a limited opportunity for ne year for vet-
erans to secure national vice life insur-
Whereas the three pendirIL bills are de-
scribed and enumerated as t. 4305, H.R.
5437 and H.R. 10407, andbsaid is should be
reported out favorably y the Ouse Vet-
erans' Affairs Committee: No therefore,
be it
Resolved, That a resolution be ssed re-
questing Congressman. RAY J. MA N and
Congressman E. Ross ADAIR, both f the
State of Indiana, to do all they can have
the aforementioned House bills report out
favorably from committee, and to su rt
said bills on through final passage; i is
Congressman E. Ross ADAIR, with a letter
requesting their cooperation in the passage
of this veterans' legislation.
This resolution passed unanimously by the
membership of the aforesaid American Le-
gion Post 232, May 10, 1960.
A. L. BRADBURN,
Judge Advocate, Hessville Community
Service Post 232, the American Le-
gion, Department of Indiana.
Letter From Constituent on Post Office
Advertising
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. HAMER H. BUDGE
OF IDAHO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 18,1960
Mr. BUDGE. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD, I include the text of a letter recently
received from a constitutent of my con-
gressional district:
In reading newspaper items I notice that
Postmaster General Summerfield is scream-
ing to high heaven about the niggardly at-
titude of Congress toward his appropriations
and asking for various and sundry increases.
I ride the bus downtown each day going
to work. Having: nothing better to do, I look
over the advertising signs that are placed in
these buses. I am just wondering what
these various types of advertising cost if
the same ratio prevails over the entire United
States. The buses I ride have for the Post
Office alone four different types of adver-
tising: (1) "Certified Mail"; (2) "Stamp
Containers"; (3) "Wrap Right"; (4) "Air
Mail Service." How much does this cost over
the United States and what good does It do?
The Post Office is not the only one. The
Navy, for example, has three different types
of ads in these buses. Another one is
"Launch Hope"; another is "U.S. Savings
Bonds"; another, "World Refugee"; another,
"Radio Free Europe." This is just a few of
them that appear in the buses alone. I
am just wondering who pays for all of
these things.
Personally, I think if we cut out all of the
public relations departments in these vari-
ous Government agencies and not let these
"squirrel heads" run loose that we could
save a lot of money for the taxpayers of
the country. I can't understand why these
various departments have to have a lot of
high-priced public relations departments to
carry on an activity at the taxpayers' expense
to promote their ideas which may or may
not. be good. If the Government has a
good program on any subject, I am sure it
does not take the public long to be apprised
of it without the high-priced, long-haired
public relations people to try- to sell the
idea at taxpayers' expense.
Newspapermen Must Warm Themselves
by Their Own Fires
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, May 6, 1960
Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, all of
s in public life are naturally concerned
tit
"Community Leadership," which
ritten by Fred W. Stein, editor and
Press
quest
fession
article,
lished in
the frate
fifth in a
compiled
Ethics,
journalistic fraternity. The
rewith condensed, was pub-
is the almost insur-
ewspaper.
Most editors woul
hope of accomplishin
and accurately every s
dent that concerns the
tion of this concept. tit
Where does coverage beWn? How deep
should the newspaper prob6,, Are there oc-
casions on which the newspaper performs a
greater public service by withholding In-
formation than publishing it?
For years newspapers generally have
pointed at real and imagined corruption in
their cities. Sometimes their motives have
been pure. Sometimes not.
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A2510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPEND March 21
t] a factors: The basic instability of the respected General Secretary of the Un ed
regi ; the intensity of inter-Arab mistrust Nations, Dag Hammarskjold, said that the
and valries; the Arabs' emotional rejection situation in the Middle East was "deteriorat-
of Ier 1, and the whole pattern of political ing." He declared that the only way to
insecu y and social ferment that has made break the "chain reaction of reprisal and
the reg n a hotbed of trouble." counterreprisal was to strengthen the hand
And o has done most to make the Arab of the United Nations and for the United
world a toed of trouble? The answer can Nations to stick to its guns."
only be mal Abdel Nasser. Who con- I agree with that recommendation abso-
tinues to 11 the Arabs that they must lutely. I believe that the Security Council
reject Israel ven destroy her? The answer should step In at once-step in before it is
Is still Gama Abdel Nasser. too late. I believe that Nasser at this very
Of course, the Arabs were to analyze moment Is no less dangerous to world peace
Nasser's fulmi tions, they would laugh in than was Hitler, 22 years ago. Nasser does
his face at his iculous charges that Israel not have the diabolical ability that Hitler
is intent on gob ug up the Arab countries. possessed, nor does he have anything like the
TO speak of tiny ttle Israel, which is such military machine which Hitler commanded.
a little speck on ps of Eurasia that there But he has given evidence of being just as
is not enough roo for printing its name unreasonable and as unwilling to listen to
entirely within th space allotted for its reason, and, with the powder keg admittedly
geographical borders to speak of this lamb existing in the Middle East he could, through
devouring the elepha ine land mass of the unbridled egotism or dictatorial inebriation,
Arab nations is nothi short of sheer non- strike the match which could accomplish the
sense. holocaust the United Nations was formed
Of course, while Israe a lamb in size, It to prevent.
has a lion's heart, and it 11 not allow itself The United Nations came into being while
to be attacked and not ght back. This the flames of World War II were still licking
lamb will not allow itself be taken to the at the ruins of the abode of civilization in
sacriflpial block to satisfy N er's ambitions. which 22 million human beings had been
And therein lies the danger at the United reduced to ashes. Fully aware that another
Nations must confront. Nas is amassing, such war would finish off the human race
along the Israel frontiers, trop with tanks, completely, the peoples of the world au-
cannon, bombers, machineguns d all other thorized their representatives to, build an
impedimenta Of war. And while e is doing ark of covenant for world peace. They
this, he is seeking to whip up hysteria spoke through the Charter of the United
through the Arab League by cryi that he Nations. Article I of the charter enumer-
Ss set to begin the sacred march, h : s ready ates as'the first purpose of the United Na-
to. fight the holy war, he is prepare o shed tions:
blood, and he yearns to realize his ci m of "To maintain international peace and se-
many years to drive the Israelis into t sea. curity, and to that end: to take effective
He taunts the premier of Iraq for not ing collective measures for the prevention and
equally as sanguinary. He calls uponlr to removal of threats to the peace, and for
"fight with us against Israel on the ba e- the suppression of acts of aggression or
front lines.", other breaches of the peace."
These fiery exhortations are intended Who can doubt that Nasser's actions
incite the Arabs 1ntQ.attacking along Israe threaten the peace of the world?
frontiers. And if they attack, what wil Article II, sections 3 and 4, provide:
happen? The attack will surely be replied "3. All members shall settle their inter-
to under the law of self defense, reserved in''ational disputes by peaceful means in such
the United Nations charter. But that will manner that international peace and se-
not end the matter. The self-defense will rity, and justice, are not endangered.
bring on reprisal, and the barbarous spec- 4. All members shall refrain in their
tacle of bloody combat will be upon us once inrnational relations from the threat or
again. And as the blood flows, and homes us.; f force against the territorial integrity
fall, and the ground scorches, the world will or itical independence of any state, or in
hold its breath to see what Russia will do. any ther manner inconsistent with the
Unfortunately, Russia's performances in the pure s of the United Nations."
past can give us no assurance that she would Whop an doubt that Nasser and the Arab
do Other than seek to Use the conflict to her nations ith which he Is conspiring have
advantage in fulfillment of her long pre- violated d continue to violate these pre-
determined plan to achieve world conquest. visions o e Charter of the United Nations?
Russia's action in such a case could be such Under a these circumstances, I believe
as might bring remonstrances from the that the S urity Council should convene
Western World, with the taking of necessary and order N ' er at once to do the following:
security measures. And then, what? 1. Lift his legal blockade of the Suez
Aside from realistic attack and defense, Canal, and al ships the free navigation
there is always the possibility of a misunder- which ainternt nal law authorizes and
continental missile would be. on its way. it -~2. Cease his ^a ations for war and the
Philadelphia Inquirer said only last Sunday: S. Enter into im fate negotiations for
"The increased massing of the United Arab a treaty of peace with Israel under the
Republic troops at Israel's borders, plus other auspices of the Unite",Nations.
military demonstrations pushed by President If Nasser fails 'Mme to obey these
Nasser confront the world with a new ex- mandates, the United t_ions should expel
plosive Middle East. the United Arab Republ from the United
ao +e_+_i__ +s..,u?
people of the guage in it, if I may ask the gentleman? the Russians have imposed by force
captive nations should have an opportunity . Mr. ZABLOCKI. It is not my inten- their
to freely express their will in choosing their peculiar concepts of government
own philosophy of government and they Lion to amend the resolution stricken upon a score of nations
thus establish-
,
should also have the freedom to elect those from the Consent Calendar today. ing an empire which far exceeds the
who will govern their respective countries. Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, will the dreams of Tzar Peter who was the first
-- gentleman yield? Russian to propose a world empire as
HOUSE Jorsrr RESOLVITON 820 Mr. ZABLOCKI. I yield to the gen- the goal of the Muscovites. It is the
Joint resolution relating to restoration of tleman from Ohio. existence of this empire of captive na-
freedom to captive nations Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, the 86th tions which has caused the dangerous
Whereas the unprecedented reception giv- Congress inspired the common man the tensions which grip the world and
en the vice President of the United States world over, brought new hope to the threaten the outbreak of another war.
by the people of Poland on his recent trip to millions of captive people behind the We must accept the fact that these
that country has demonstrated the: strong Iron Curtain, and struck genuine fear dangerous tensions will continue to exist
bonds of friendship between these people
and the United States; and into the minds of the leaders of. the in- as long as this empire of captive, non-
Whereas by this spontaneous greeting for ternational Communist conspiracy dur- Russian nations exists.
an American official the people of Poland Ing the last session by enactment of the Fourth. All the captive nations suffer
have spoken loud and clear their sincere Captive Nations Week resolution, which a common plight, that is, they are all
desire for the same freedom enjoyed by has now become Public Law 86-90. I subjected to the same tyranny, terror
western democracies; and know of no single action by our Govern- and police state control. In this com-
Whereas this demonstration was in fact
the ment during all the years I have been mon plight there is common cause.
first real opportunity for the free world
to see the sincere regard which the people privileged to serve the people of the 20th And this common cause is strengthened
behind the Iron Curtain have for the free District of Ohio, which has done more to because the vast majority of the people
World;, and - advance the cause of peace with justice, of the captive non-Russian nations are
'Whereas the same feeling would be ex- or to make our Nation more respected struggling for their liberties, their free-
pressed by the peoples of all other captive and admired by men in all walks of life doms and for their national independ-
lZ8tions, if they had a similar opportunity: the world over. Many who had lost ante. It is essential, therefore, that the
Now, therefore, be it hope that we would come to understand government of the United States con-
mea
entative ves obyf the the Senate United and States Hs of e America
9'esentat the true nature of the Communist con- tinue to view this problem in its broad-
in Congress assembled, That- spiracy in time to take effective action est aspects, to regard the independence
(1j The Congress of the United States against it have been renewed in their of each captive nation as important as
urges the President that he press, for such faith that freedom's cause is the wave of the independence of any other nation.
peaceful restoration of full freedom for the the future. Others who have spent many Fifth. It is in the nature of things
people of the captive nations when he meets years of devoted service to their country that we should join the common cause
here in the United States with Russian have brought new strength and courage of all the captive nations because the
Premier Nikita S. Shrushghev; and political goals they seek are the key to
(2) The Congress of the United States, is to their official tasks in the knowledge
resolute in its belief that the people of the that at long last we had returned to the a just and lasting peace.
captive nations should have an opportunity battlefield of moral and political ideals. I have studied the resolution intro-
to freely express th"ir will in choosing their The Captive Nations Week resolution duced by my good friend, the Congress-
own philosophy of government and they not only serves notice on the leaders man from Wisconsin [Mr. ZASLOCKI] and
Should also have the freedom to elect those of Russian communism that the United congratulate him for the initiative he
Who will, govern their respective countries. States intended to lead the crusade for has taken to strengthen the hand of
Mr: ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, I as- peace with justice, by standing firmly by President Eisenhower for the forthcom-
sure the gentleman that the Soviet Union those great ideals which have made us ing summit conference. I call to the
is very sensitive-very, very sensitive the hope of the world, but it provided attention of my friend the need to
when it'comes to its indefensible posi- evidence we had no intention of limiting broaden his proposal to include all the
tion as to the status of the dominated the application of those inspiring ideals. captive nations, As I read his resolution
nations-the nations that are captive Committees of the Congress have worked I sense that its intent is limited to the
nations. I want to assure the gentle- long and diligently to uncover the truth captive nations of Central and East Eu-
nian from Illinois [N[r. PucINSKI] that about the methods and scope of Commu- rope. I am certain that he did not in-
the gentleman from Wisconsin who is nist aggression, to identify all the nations tend to do so as he was one of the leaders
now addressing the House will certainly of the world which have fallen victim to in causing the enactment of the Public
advise and directly advise the President this new imperialism, and to uncover Law 86-90, which carries no geographi-
of the proceedings this afternoon, the truth about the hidden nature of im- cal limitations. I am equally certain
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the perial communism. From these studies that he regards the captivity of the Bal-
gentleman yield? we have learned much. In my judgment tic Nations, the nations of the Caucasus
Mr. these basic lessons stand out: and the Far East to be equally worthy of
ZABLOCKI. I ;yield. our support and recognition.
Mr. GROSS. Has the gentleman First. The U.S.S.R. is nothing more I ask, therefore, that the wording of
been referring to the resolution that was than a prison of nations, that is, non- the resolution introduced by Mr. ZA-
on the Consent Calendar today or is this Russian nations all of whom have won sLocKI be changed so that it conforms
another resolution? and held their national independence at to the existing law with respect to the
Mr. ZABLOCKI. This is not the res- some time during the past 40 years. captive nations. I am suggesting that
olution that was on the Consent Calen- These once free and independent nations we spell out all the captive nations list-
dar today.. This is another resolution. were the first to fall victims to the new ed in Public Law 86-90 so that no one
Mr. GROSS. Of course, if the gen- imperialism of the Russian Communists. will misunderstand the seriousness of
tleman will yield further, my only op- Second. The Russian nation alone, our purposes in enacting that law.
position to that resolution was, as I be- among all the nations of the U.S.S.R., is There are those who, liking the old order
lieve the gentleman knows, the fact that the only one which has failed to pro- of things, would like to degrade and be-
it provides any funds that are saved to duce a national independence move- little the Captive Nations Week resolu-
the taxpayers of this country would be ment at a time in history when this tion. Not the least among these is the
spent for additional technical assistance powerful human appeal is reshaping the Russian leader Khrushchev, who has
in foreign countries, That was my ob- order of the world. The evidence is been busy attacking the good faith of
jection and my only objection to that clear that the Russians prefer the con- Congress in enacting the law which has
resolution. cept of a Soviet state and to this view officially established the third week of
Mr. ZABLOCKI. I fully understand they have every right because we be- July as Captive Nations Week.
the gentleman's objection, and I hope lieve in the right of all nations to freely In the spirit of helpfulness, I am pro-
the gentleman from Iowa win have hope choose their form of government. But posing some additions to the resolution
we do not agree the Russians have the introduced by Mr. ZASLOCKI which I feel
opportunity to vote in the very near fu- right to impose their peculiar concepts are in keeping with prior action by the
ture on the resolution. of government th
upon a
ei natons, Congress.
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1,60 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HO~T~]~ 5741
The, urgent need exists for Congress President Eisenhower and President Whereas the 86th Congress did unani-
to provide unstinting support for Presi- Eisenhower alone carries this heavy re- mously enact the Captive Nations Week
resolution as a testament of support for the
dent Eisenhower in his role as leader of sponsibility to the Paris summit meet- legitimate aspirations df the people of all the
the free world nations at the summit ing. Congress can and should take captive nations, thus recognizing the com-
conference this May. Extensive plans every means to assure the President of man plight of all the submerged nations
are now being made for that meeting. its complete support for his expected forcibly incorporated into the Russian Com-
Everyone recognizes that the basic issue followthrough on the high promises munist Empire during the past 42 years; and
at the summit conference is human made during his free world tour, but it Whereas, the President of the United
States has concurred in this action by Con-
rights, the rights of nations and people, remains for the President to emerge gress by signing the resolution into law and
and no other consideration can take from the Paris summit meeting as the declaring by public proclamation that the
priority over that fact. Recently Presi- undisputed champion and leader of the third week of July shall henceforth be ob-
dent Eisenhower gave voice to his de- cause of peace with justice for all served officially as Captive Nations Week; and
termination to support the principle of nations. Whereas the United States of America has
self-determination for the people of free In order to meet any doubts that may stood firmly on the principle of self-deter-
Berlin. This conforms with our role as exist, particularly in the minds of the mination, welcoming the enlargement of the
defender of human rights and President Russian leaders, that a Democratic ma- area of freedom and self-government and
insisting on the inalienable right of the peo..
Eisenhower knows that he has the com- jority in the Congress may create a dif- pie of the captive nations to live under gov-
plete support of the American people in ference of opinion with the President on ernments of their own choice; and
standing firm on this issue. But the fu- the question of peace with justice, I Whereas the United States of America has
ture of free Berlin is only one of the urge that the resolution offered by my consistently refused to sanction, either di-
issues, important though it may be, good friend from Wisconsin [Mr. ZA- rectly or by implication, the political status
which will come up at the Paris meeting. BLOCKII carry a direct appeal on this quo of the captive nations, which the lead-
There now remains little doubt that score from the Congress to all nations aers of Russian ttempted to impose uupon thee persistently
the main objective the.Russian Commu- and peoples of the world. Such an ap- the free world, particularly the United
nists will seek at the Paris meeting is an peal would be in strict conformity with States;
acceptance by the leaders of the free what the President has been urging upon Whereas the attainment of a just and
world. of a status quo with respect to all the nations and peoples of the world lasting peace is inconceivable without the
their empire. They seek and desperate- and its acceptance would remove any restoration of freedom, independence, and
ly need what they call recognition for doubts that may exist as to the unbreak- national sovereignty to the captive nations
able unity all Americans have on this forcibly incorporated into the Russian Com-
munist Empire, the United States of America
tive nations. There are signs that they all-important issue. is determined to pursue by all peaceful
will be willing to pay a price for such I have, therefore, introduced a con- means, the emancipation of these nations:
recognition; that is, a price involving current resolution which seeks the same Now, therefore, be it
nonessentials. At no point, however, purposes as that proposed by my col- Resolved by the House of Representatives
can we expect them to make concessions league from Wisconsin CMr. ZABLOCKII, (the Senate concurring), That-
which conform to the requirements of a and which conforms to the language and (1) The Congress of the United States re-
intent of the captive nations resolution affirms its intention to stand firmly by the
just and lasting peace. Their conceo passed during the first session of Con- people of the captive nations in their aspira-
tions justice are completely alien to those se tions for freedom, liberty, and national inde-
of freemen and the only peace they will gress. pendence;
recognize is the imposed peace of com- My resolution reads as follows: (2) The Congress of the United States in-
munism which now rests heavy upon al- CONCURRENT RESOLUTION RELATING TO RESTO- vites the active cooperation of all nations
most one-third of the human family. RATION OF FREEDOM TO CAPTIVE NATIONS and men of good will in a crusade for peace
That is why the underlying issue, the Whereas the rulers of the Soviet Union anwith d justice and freedom for all mankind;
priority issue and the only issue of sub- have repeatedly declared their determination (3) The Congress of the United States
stance to be taken up at the Paris sum- to pursue relentlessly their political, wide urges the President to pursue energetically
mit meeting, is peace with justice for all victory nomic, for and ideological gical communism; drive and for a worldwide urand as a matter of first priority at the forth-
nations and all people. Whereas, in their efforts to attain that coming Summit Conference the inalienable
This setting provides an unusual op- objective, the leaders of 'Russian com- right of all people to self-government, indi-
portlinfty for President Eisenhower to munism, through force of arms, subversion vidual liberty, and the basic human free-
, dome, and, in particular, the restoration of
climax his two terms as President by infiltration, and other unlawful means, have these God-given rights to the people of the
emerging from the Paris summit meet- imposed puppet Communist regimes upon captive nations.
ing as undisputed champion and leader the people of Poland, Hungary, Lithuania,
of the cause of peace and justice. He Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Latvia, Estonia, Mr. ZABLOCKI. I thank the gentle-
casting aside the straight- White Ruthenia, Rumania, East Germany, man for his excellent statement. His
can the this cause
Bulgaria, mainland China, Armenia, Azer- recommendations will receive my utmost
jacket of nonessentials which the Rus- baijan, Georgia, North Korea, Albania, Idel- recom will be
sians have imposed upon the agenda for Ural, Tibet, Cossackla, Turkestan, North considerations when then this s matter r Come
upon
the meeting, by refusing to get bogged Vietnam, and others; and acted tede.
down with secondary issues and by in- Whereas the leaders of Russian com-
sisting that since the purpose of the munism have employed organized tyranny, Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, will
meeting is to remove the causes which terror, mass killings and deportation, and the gentleman yield?
have created dangerous tensions be- other inhuman means to crush the spirit Mr. ZABLOCKI. I yield to the gentle-
tween nations, the first item to be taken of the people of these captive nations and man from Illinois.
to transform their countries into political, Mr. PUCINSKI. Is it the opinion of
up and to be resolved is the question of social, economic, and cultural replicas of the gentleman from Ohio that this leg-
Such future status of the captive nations. the Russian Soviet State; and
Such a position is completely consistent Whereas, in direct violation of the com- islation is a logical followup. to the reso-
with the policy statements made by the mitments set forth in the Atlantic Charter lution adopted by the Congress and
President during his recent good-will and the provisions of the Yalta Agreement, signed by the President last year pro-
tours of Europe and Latin America. the people of the captive nations are still claiming Captive Nations Week?
The common man in those areas of the being denied the right of self-government Mr. FEIGHAN. Absolutely; with
world will be looking for the President by democratic means and the opportunity complete certainty. The resolution that
to, undertake such action, to follow to tions, choose, national ugh thr governments frandf o unfettered ettered their sift- own has been introduced by our distinguished
a
through at the summit where the real free choice; and and able Member from Wisconsin should
test of our serious intentions will take Whereas in contravention of duly ratified be broadened to include all nations. His
place. Hundreds of millions of people treaties of peace, of the Charter of the United resolution embodies only central and
behind the Russian iron curtain are Nations, of the Universal Declaration of eastern Europe. I feel that it should
anxiously awaiting the Paris summit Human Rights, and of expressions of the embody all nations of the world, includ-
meeting, awaiting clear and unequivocal United Nations General Assembly, the peo- ing Asia, all of Europe, and any other
ple of the captive nations are being system- nation that is not free. Any nation that
actions which will assure them that our atically deprived of the exercise of funda-
Government thinks no less of them and mental freedoms and basic human rights; is not free is captive. I am in thorough
their aspirations for human freedom. and accord with the objective of my col-
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league's resolution. I certainly appre- appropriate ceremonies and activities. The toward disarmament. I believe that the
Gate the gentleman's undertaking and President is further authorized and re- United States must insist on the inclu-
feel that he is deserving of the highest quested to issue a similar proclamation each Sion of the restoration of freedom to all
praise. year until such time as freedom and inde- captive nations at the summit con-
The ZabIocki resolution includes only the he captive shall have been achieved for all
nations of the world. Terence.
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Ru- Approved July 17, 1959. Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, will the
mania, and Bulgaria. That is what I Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman yield?
think eastern and central Europe means. Mr. ZABLOCKI. I yield to the gen-
Some. may say it means more than that, gentleman will yield further, it is my tleman from Michigan.
but the fact it is open to dispute plays feeling that the gentleman from Ohio Mr. BENTLEY. With respect to the
right into the hands of the Russians and has made a very significant contribution argument on the 'part of the Soviet
their efforts to discredit Public Law in suggesting expanding and defining the Union that the question of free elections
86-90, which reads as follows: term "captive nation" and to take in all Is an internal matter and not subject for
S.J. RES. 111 of the captive peoples of the world. May , discussion at the summit conference, I
Joint resolution providing for the designa- I ask one more question? Perhaps the refer again, as I did in my own remarks,
tion of the third week of July as Captive gentleman from Ohio or the gentleman to the fact that the Soviet Union, the
'Nations Week from Wisconsin would like to comment United Kingdom, and the United States
Whereas the greatness of the United States on this frequent argument that we hear signed a treaty of peace with Hungary,
is in large part attributable to its having from Communist rulers. Whenever the Rumania, and Bulgaria which guaran-
been able, through the democratic process, suggestion is made that the question of teed the responsibilities of the three
to achieve a harmonious national unity of freedom of these captive people be dis- signatory powers to the holding of free
Its people, even though they stem from the cussed at the summit conference, the and unfettered election in the three
most div rse; ofnrracial, religious, and ethnic Soviet Union always holds out the argu- countries which, of course, were the war-
Whereas this harmonious unification of ment that these are internal matters of time allies of the Axis.
the diverse elements of our free society has the respective captive nations and there- To the extent that the treaties of
led the people of the United States to pas- foredo not belong on the agenda of the peace have been violated in these par-
aeSS a warm 'understanding .and, sympathy summit conference. I wonder if either ticular provisions it does directly become
for the aspirations of peoples everywhere the gentleman from Ohio or the gentle- a subject for consultation and coopera-
and to recognize the natural interdepend- man from Wisconsin would like to tom- tion, if possible, between the three
en ld;of and the peoples and nations of the ment on this totally fallacious argument powers-ourselves, the British, and the
Whereas the enslavement of a substantial that is always presented by the Soviet Russians, and under no circumstances
part of the world's population by Commu- Union? can be termed merely a question of in-
nist imperialism makes a mockery of the Mr. FEIGHAN. It is a specious argu- ternal politics with respect to those
idea. of peaceful coexistence between nations went. Every agreement among the co- three countries, because it directly refers
and constitutes a detriment to the natural belligerent victorious nations during and to the terms of the peace treaties arising
b
onds of understanding between the people subsequent to World War II, such as the out of World War II under which we and States
of the
and Whereasi s nce 1918 the o imp rialiistic an and Atlantic Charter, the Yalta Agreement, the British and the Russians adopted
aggressive policies of Russian communism every peace treaty entered into by the certain mutual guarantees with respect
have resulted in the creation of a vast em- victorious powers after the war, and all to the question of free elections. If free
pire which poses a dire threat to the secu- other agreements, emphasized and elections have not been held, according
rity of the United States and of all the free agreed that every nation should have the to the terms of the treaties themselves,
peoples of the world; and. opportunity to determine its own destiny we have the right to take those matters
Whereas the imperialistic policies of Com-, by free and unfettered elections, unhar- up with our wartime partners.
monist Russia h to ,the through iof assed by alien occupation forces. Only Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, will the
indirect
the. national independence of subjugation
Hun- after a free and unfettered election has gentleman yield?
gary, Lithuania, Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, taken place in any nation, can the Mr. ZABLOCKI. I yield to the gentle-
Latvia, Estonia, White Ruthenia, Rumania, United States and other nations who man from Illinois.
East Germany, Bulgaria, mainland China, were parties to agreements insisting upon Mr. PUCINSKI. Is it the position of
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, North Korea, the right of self-determination of any the gentleman from Michigan [Mr.
Albania, Idel-Ural, Tibet, Cossackla, Turke- nation, agree that any subsequent elec- BENTLEY] that since these people in the
stan, North Viet-Nam, and others; and tions are internal matters.
Whereas these submerged nations look ZABLOCKI. I would like to say captive nations are forced to accept
to. the United States, as the citadel of Mr. governments that they did not elect
human freedom, for leadership in bringing to the gentleman from Illinois that cer- freely, that It is now as much our re-
about their liberation and independence tainly if the Communist forces were not sponsibility as anyone else's to make sure
and in restoring to them the enjoyment of in Hungary, we could then say that any that the wartime agreements are carried
their Christian, Jewish, Moslem, Buddhist, difference of opinion in that country out, that the provisions of the agree-
or other religious freedoms, and of their would be an internal matter. However, ments are carried out which would, in
Individual liberties; and when by sheer force a power dominates fact, guarantee them free elections?
Whereas It Is vital to the national se- the policies in a country it is not an in- Mr. BENTLEY. If the gentleman will
curity of the United Stater, that the desire
for liberty and independence on the part of ternal matter. In my opinion it is not yield to me for the purpose of permitting
the peoples of these conquered nations Only within the scope of discussion of me to answer the gentleman from Illi-
should be steadfastly kept alive; and the summit meeting, but we have an ob- nois, I will say that it is our responsi-
Whereas the desire for liberty and inde- ligation to the free world to demand that bility more than anyone else's.
pendence by the overwhelming majority of atrocities and Communist violations be I would like to call the gentleman's
the people of these submerged nations con- placed on the agenda of the conference.
stitutes a powerful deterrent to war and one The argument of the Soviets is abso- attention to the fact that ih Hungary, powers of the best hopes for it just and lasting lutely erroneous; it is very Npecious. Of have nof a the peace e three treaty, , there with h were m free
peace; and e
Whereas it is flitting that we clearly course, they will try to sweep under the elections in November of 1945 at which
manifest to such peoples through an ap- rug the conditions that exist today in the Communist Party got approximately
propriate and official means the historic captive nations. 25 percent of the total votes. There were
fact that the people of the United States In answer to the gentleman from Ohio semifree elections in August of 1947 at
share with them their aspirations for the I wish to reiterate that we cannot pos.. which time the Communist vote shrunk
recovery of their freedom and independ- sibly hope to have disarmament unless to 20 percent. That was the last free
ence: Now, therefore, be it and until the explosive situations and election, so far as I know, anywhere in
Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep- problems are resolved. It is very nec- Eastern or Central Europe. But I think
resentatives of the United States of America essary that the
in Congress assembaed, That the President political problems it is a very good criterion of what would
of the United States is authorized and re- throughout the world, from the Com happen, if there were free elections, to
quested to issue a proclamation designating munist-dominated Chinese mainland, the Communist Parties in those coun-
the third week in July 1959 as "Captive North Korea, North Vietnam, Tibet, tries. I venture to say that their vote
Nations Week" and inviting the people of Central and Eastern Europe must be would be less than half of what they got
the United States to observe such week with solved before we can ever hope to move even in those elections.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5743
I say that it is our responsibility ac-
cording to the terms of the treaty of
peace, and on that basis, if no other, we
would be perfectly entitled to take this
matter up with the British and the So-
viets at the summit conference.
Mr. PUCINSKI. I thank the gentle-
man for his forthright answer.
Mrs. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. ZABLOCKI. I yield to the gentle-
lady from Illinois.
Mrs. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, I want
to particularly thank the gentleman for
his courage; resolution, and good judg-
ment in introducing this resolution to-
day. I was very proud to tell the gentle-
man that I wished to be listed as a co-
sponsor, and I hope to forward this great
movement with him.
-Mr. Speaker, I would like to say to the
gentleman that it has been my pleasure
and greatly to my benefit to serve on his
subcommittee during the last 8 years in
the Congress. I know of no one who has
given more conscientious effort or closer
dedication to the cause of freedom than
the gentleman from Wisconsin. I think
I have been fortunate to be under his
leadership for so long, and I can assure
him that in this and other matters where
he leads so soundly I shall always follow.
I hope the gentleman has listed me as
a cosponsor, because I so indicated to his
office.
Mr. ZABLOCKI. I have so listed the
gentlelady as a cosponsor. I am deeply
grateful for the very kind words she has
spoken about me. I want to commend
the gentlelady for her efforts in the past
and the cooperation that I have received
from her in the Committee on Foreign
Affairs.
Mrs. CHURCH. I am sure the gentle-
man will agree with me that where free-
dom is denied our own freedom is
threatened.
Mr. ZABLOCKI. I do agree.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield for a final question?
Mr. ZABLOCKI. l yield.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Does the gentleman
from Wisconsin have any indication that
he is at liberty to discuss as to what
is the position of the State Department
regarding this effort to strengthen the
President's hand at the summit meeting?
Mr. ZABLOCKI. May I advise the
gentleman that last week at an execu-
tive session of the Foreign Affairs Com-
mittee-I shall, therefore, not identify
the representative of the State Depart-
ment-I Inquired of the representative
whether such a resolution as was today
introduced would be helpful in the sum-
mit conference discussion and whether
such a resolution would reiterate the
strength and posture of our will. I am
pleased to advise the gentleman from
Illinois that this high-ranking State De-
partment official stated, and I quote:
"As an offhand reaction, I would be in-
clined to think it would be useful.'
Naturally I 'advised him that I hoped
the executive branch would promptly
send a favorable report on the concur-
rent resolution.
Mr. PUCINSKI. I thank the gentle-
man.
(Mr. FEIGHAN asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I am
very pleased to join with Congressman
ZABLOCKI today in introducing a resolu-
tion which deals with the restoration
of freedom to the captive nations of
Europe,
This resolution reaffirms what has has
been basic to American policy from the
beginning: that these peoples have an
inalienable right to choose the govern-
ment under which they shall live. The
United States has never recognized the
legality of the puppet regimes imposed
upon them by a foreign aggressor against
their will and without their consent.
The peoples of the captive nations,
have continually resisted their oppres-
sors, always in the secrecy of their
hearts and sometimes in bloody martyr-
dom. Despite years of police-state tyr-
anny, they continue to hope for the
liberty and freedom which is rightfully
theirs.
in addition to reaffirming their right
to self-determination, this resolution
urges the President to press for a res-
toration of freedom at the forthcoming
summit conference. I urge every Mem-
ber of the House to keep faith with the
captive nations by supporting this res-
olution,
- GREAT COMMONER
T e SPEAKER pro tempor9f Under
pre ous order of the House, the gentle-
man rom West Virginia [Mr. HECKLER]
is re gnized for 5 minutes.
Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, on
Marc 9, 1860-a century ago last Sat-
urday curred the birthday of a great
Americ and a great Democrat, Wil-
liam Je ings Bryan.
Electe .to the House of Representa-
tives at a age of 30, he served two
terms in t is body and went on to be-
come the ungest man ever to run for
the Preside y after he swept the con-
vention with is Cross of Gold speech in
William Je ings Bryan gave a text
to the country hen he proclaimed:
I fear the plut racy of wealth, I respect
the aristocracy o earning, but thank God
for the democracy , f the heart.
Mr. DORN of outh Carolina. Mr.
Speaker, will the tleman yield?
Mr. HECHLER. t is a great honor
to yield to my good end and colleague
from South Caroli the Honorable
WILLIAM JENNINGS B N DORN.
Mr. DORN of South rolina. I thank
my colleague from W Virginia.
May I say that it is fi g and proper
that this House pause ing its great
deliberations here to p tribute and
homage to William Jenn' Bryan, who
was born 100 years ago Saturday,
William Jennings Bryan me along
at a time when the Democ c Party's
fortunes were at a very low a and by
his principles and ideals, his namic
personality and his oratorical a 'ty, he
rejuvenated the Democratic arty.
Many of the great measures he advo-
cated have since become the law of the
land during subsequent Democratic ad-
mini ations.
Wh William Jennings Bryan made
his fib. ous campaign in 1896 he was
only $ 6years old. During this great
election , ear when we are considering
various c didates In both political par-
ties it mi t be well to remember that
some of t e greatest leaders in all the
history of the world have been young
men. Will in Jennings Bryan was one
of them. William Pitt of England was
24 when he as Prime Minister, and the
greatest P . e Minister England ever
had. I do of think how old or how
young a can 'date for President is should
enter the q stion, but rather his char-
acter and a ility to lead this country.
I want to ank my great friend from
West Virgin for yielding. Since my
distinguished riend from West Virginia
[Mr. HECILE has been a Member of
this body he impressed those of us on
both sides of tia aisle. It is an indica-
tion of the c tinuing interest of the
people of Am 'ca in our political wel-
fare when the send men to this Con-
gress like my f nd from West Virginia.
I coIn end th gentleman from West
Virg' for the meat record he has made
h n so short ime.
bringing to the. A"ention of this House
a great Americairthday; a man who
was not a confost but who believed
in standing up fhose principles and
ideals in which he `. elieved.
I was named WIL M JENNINGS BRYAN
because my father isagreed with our
great President Woocow Wilson on the
question of our en nce into World
War I. He sided with illiam Jennings
Bryan. Of course, Mr lur pecker, once we
were forced into tar, Bryan, like
all Americans, bacgallant sol-
diers in their unsurpassbd achievements
on the battlefields of Eu e.
Mr. HECHLER. I th k my friend,
the gentleman from Souflh Carolina, for
his generous personal ren' :rks about me
and for his iIluminating' omments on
the man for whom he wa amed, Wil-
Mr. HOFFMAN of Mi igan. Mr.
Speaker, will the gentlema ,.from West
Virginia yield? -
Mr. HECHLER. I yield to he gentle-
man from Michigan.
Mr. HOFFMAN of Michig ` At the
time that William Jennings yon was
giving us the benefit of his `vices, it
was my privilege to be attendi North-
western University Law Scho at the
Masonic Temple on the northe inter
section of State and Randolph: treets.
We admired William JennfngBryan
very, very much. He was all tt~at my
good friend, the gentleman fronfDouth
Carolina said-an orator, a state an-
we can't-at least some of us an cer-
tainly, I cannot go along with his liti-
cal philosophy, but one thing I do` ant
to say for the record is that his n e-
sake is possessed of all the ability -..an
orator-and is there such a wor as
"convincer"?-and only last week ' ur
colleague from South Carolina gavel
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March 24"'"
an example of how he,could work his
charm, to charm the birds off the.perch
from South Caro
can, be persuaded
tribution of my friend;
from Michigan.
Theodore Roosevelt inherited and too
many of his ideas from those first pro-
rounded by William Jennings Bryan.
The poet Vachel Lindsay immortalized
Bryan's great election battle in 1896
when he wrote:
There were truths eternal In the gab and
tittle-tattle,
There were real heads broken in the fustian
and the rattle.
There were real lines drawn:
Not the silver and the gold,
But Nebraska's cry went eastward against
the dour and the old
The mean and the cold.
In a coat like a deacon, in a black Stetson
hat
He scourged the elephant plutocrats
With barbed wire from the Platte
Gigantic troubadour, speaking like a siege.
gun
Smashing Plymouth Rock with his boulders
from the West-
July, August, suspense
Wall Street lost to sense
August, September, October,
More suspense
And the whole East down like a wind-
smashedfence.
Then Hanna to the rescue
Hanna of Ohio
Rallying the rollertops
The bucketshops
Threatening drouth and death
Promising manna.
nelmouth
Invading misers' cellars
Tin cans, socks
Melting down the rocks
Pouring out the long gr to a million
apondulix by the m tainload, to stop
ea~ ` rnad
AT- And beat the cheappte, blatherskite,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Victory of custodians
Plymouth Rock.
And all that inbred landlord stock
Victory of the neat.
Defeat of the aspen groves of
valleys
The blue bells of the Rockies
The blue bonnets of old Texas
By the Pittsburgh alleys.
Defeat of alfalfa
And the mariposa lilly
Defeat of the young
By the old and silly.
Prairie avenger,
Mountain Lion,
Bryan, Bryan, Bryan, Bryan.
(Mr. HECHLER asked
permission to revise and
marks.)
action ta
national
side, he was arre
Bishop Walsh
and was given
extend his re-
IMPRISONMENT OF BISHOP JAMES
EDWARD WALSH IN RED CHINA
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
WRIGHT). Under previous order of the
House, the gentleman from Connecticut
[Mr. DADDARIO] is recognized for 5
minutes.
DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, I was
essed this weekend to learn of the
these men have been held in jails. wu~u,
It has been obvious. for some time
that this contributed nothing to the so-
lution of world tensions. So long as
Red China claims its right to hold these
men whom it imprisoned after uncon-
vincing trials; there is full reason to
hold the Communist regime beyond the
pale of civilized nations.
Now Red China has compounded her
sins by the action taken against Bishop
Walsh. The bishop was a man of re-
ligion. He had declined, despite per-
mission offered by his superiors, to leave
his post. In 1956 he wrote:
Here in Shanghai I share the lot of Chinese
clergy who cannot leave, who must share
all the pressure and annoyance. They are
the key factor in the church situation In
China these days. There is some good, I
think, giving them a little help or encoura
ment, if only as a moral gesture. I don't
wish to do anything to separate myself from
them of my own volition.
He also expressed his feelings in these
words :
I don't feel inclined to get off the earth
just because some peo le dislik
Colorado's Internment and death are simply the normal
risks that are inherent in our state of life, a
small price to pay for carrying out our duty,
in our particular case a privilege because it
would associate us a little more intimately
In the cross of Christ.
Those of us who have watt rid the pat-
tern of behavior establishe y the Chi-
nese Communists since a Civil War
that brought them to 1wer over the
mainland have known f many years of
the cruel indifference human feeling
that it represents. ; handful of men
who can watch mil ns die as they seek
to consolidate the' power, who can tear
apart families b ., the thousands to In..
crease their 1 r supply, who retreat
only for tac l advantage and press
forward in teas heedless of the world
conflagra s they might touch off, are
not like o be moved by the spirit of
compa, n and humanity that moti-
vates shop Walsh.
T latest action of the Chinese Reds
petted from a Godless regime which feels
itself threatened by any appeal to the
soul of mankind. The moral should be
clear. We cannot lessen our attention
to a regime which is so inimical t th
hope of peace. Nor can we reduce our
efforts to seek the freedom of those held
in Chinese jails despite the nature of
the tyranny that sends them there.
I think it well, too, that all members
of the House meditate on the feelings
expressed in this editorial from the New
York Times which comments on the fate
of Bishop Walsh:
BISHOP WALSH'S CREME
Bishop James Edward Walsh, of Cumber-
land, Md., may spend the rest of his life in
a Chinese prison for offending the Red China
government. At 69, he has been a servant
of the Chinese people and of his church for
almost half a century. All of us, of what-
ever religion, can share in an admiration for
Bishop Walsh and indignation for the cruel
20-year sentence inflicted upon him.
An associate, the Very Rev. John F. Dono-
van, vicar-general of the Maryknoll Fathers,
Herter's protest will carry little
INFLATION IN WORST AND
LEAST UNDERSD FORM-
STRANGLING INTERP5T RATES
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gen-
tleman from California CMr, HOLIFIELD]
is recognized for 30 minutes.
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