CONGRESSIONAL RECORD

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000100830024-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 2, 1998
• Sequence Number: 24
• Publication Date: October 7, 1965
• Content Type: SUMMARY

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP75
OCTOBER 7, 1965
First, an article entitled, "The Speech- . foreign policy were call. to the White House
maker," which was published in the Oe- during the crisis, told the President's plans,
tuber 2 issue of the New Republic under and, in effect, asked to ratify the decision'
the byline of Andrew Kopkind with a to intervene. They offered no opposition, 1
0
Subtitle, "Senator Fulbright.asthe Ar- either because they agreed with the Presi-.
dent, de Tocqueville"; second, a column , (like lat perhaps uniquely)
they had no o Independent ependeent source of iniorma-
written by Joseph Kraft and published tion on which to base any instinctive doubts.
.in the Washington Post of recent date = FULDRIGIrr got the opposite of help from
entitled, "Fulbright and His Critics"; the White House. "The whole affair ? ? * "
third, a column written by Walter Lipp FULDRMIXT said, "has been characterized by
, nti8.nn entitled, "SOViet-American Rela- a lack of candor." He was told at the White
tio'ns," which was published in the Wash- House that hundreds or thousands of Amery'
the pro-
icigion Post on September 28, 1965; can lives were in danger, and that
tection of these compatriots was s the reason
fourth, a column under the byline Of for Intervention. Later, be said, he knew'
e Marquis Childs, entitled "Tyranny of the that It was not exactly the case: "The dan- .
Majority in United States," which ap- ger to American lives was more a pretext
peared in the Washington Post on Sep- than a reason for the massive V.S. interven-
tember 27; and, finally, an editorial tion," he said. "The United States inter-
entitled "Defending Intervention," which versed in the Dominican Republic for the
appeared in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch purpose of preventing the victory of a revolu-
ti-
e which was judged to be Com-
onistddom d
during the week of September 20-26. m
There being no objection, the articles There wasn no doubt about whose bad
and editorials were ordered to be printed ' judgment it was, FeLDRIGIIT conceived the
in the RECORD, as -follows: Dominican episode as a "classic study" of
,THE SPEECHMAKER: SENATOR FIILDRIGHT AS policymaking with the "inevitability of a
THE ARKANSAS DE TocQuEvTr.T Greek tragedy." The antagonist was the
(By Andrew 8opkind) American Ambassador in Santo Domingo, W.
Tapley Bennett. It was he who refused to '
For his troubles in detailing the errors of help the supporters of deposed President
U.S. foreign policy, senator J. WILLIAM FUL- Bosch when they pleaded for a U.S. presence
DRICIrr has been rewarded with a congres- : on April 25, the second day of the revolu-
sionai resolution compounding the error and tion, and it was he who refused U.S. media-
r '; doubling his troubles. A few days after tion on April 27, when the rebels sought a,
.SUPPORT GROWING FOR SENATOR` ; FuLDrmHT delivered a characteristically long,, negotiated settlement.
PULBRIGHT IN HIS VIEWS ON, Intelligent, and eloquent condemnation of
FOREIGN POLICY ' I American Intervention in the Dominican Rev- ALL SPEED AHEAD
olution, the House of Representatives passed Instead, Bennett u seemed intent power. h Gen
Ing
stay help CLARK. Mr. President, in my (312 to 52) a sentimental endorsement of oral the military junta shot in power. m to
'.judgment, a consensus of informed Opiri- armed intervention anywhere in Latin Amer Wessin y Wessin shot off a telegram to
Ion in this country Is developing in sup- lea in the event of "subversive domination or Washington accusing his opponents of being
port of the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. the threat of it." The rebuke had the tacit Communists. A quick check could only turn
FuLDRIGIiT], both in his view that debate approval of the State Department and bi- up three Communists, and Wesstn was told
partisan support of the House leadership. - that the reasons for intervention were not
on foreign policy Is a necessary part of, It is not unusual for FIILDRIGHT to find good enough. Only a threat to American lives
our democratic process and in his fur- himself on the short side of a 6-to-i vote, would bring American troops. Several min-,
view that our activities in the and in his own way he derives a certain moral utcs later, thus prompted, Wessin discovered
Dominican Republic have brought us an superiority from being a minority of one, a threat to American lives. That was all " .
unnecessary amount of trouble with na- "More than a hundred years ago, Alexis do that was needed; the troopships were al-
tions . in Latin America which should be/ Tocqueville warned us ? ? ? of the dangers ready speeding toward Santo Domingo. It
our best friends, that might be expected frothe 'tyranny of gerateot thtake e danger to see just how exag-
I b
also est note with dismay a resolution the majority.' This is the tyranny that nres- was; in fact, no Amer
ently is growing in our country," FIILDRIGHT feat lives were lost until the marines landed.
adopted by the House of Representatives said in a doom-laden speech on McCarthyism But by that time, someone found 56, or 58,
under the leadership of Representative - 11 years ago. Last week, privately, he re- or 77 verifiable Communists, some of them
SELDEN, which would seem to indicate' peated the same phrase, and predicted the alive and some of them dead, some of them
that the United States believes it has a - same doom. He made his Senate speech not In the country and some of them out, some
right to Intervene unilaterally, with' as a political leader but as an elder states- of them pro-Castro, some pro-Peiping, and
force, in any Latin American country: man-without-portfolio, an Arkansas do some pro-Moscow, who could be associated
where, in our opinion, there is a threat, Tocqueville whose job it is not to make policy with the revolution. Association soon be-
but to report it, and by reporting, influence came "control," and the United States had
of a Communist takeover. in some small way its future course. too put the country under military com-
The resolution which was adopted, SO He has no taste for the heat of battle or mFULDRIGIIT slowly amassed these facts in
far as I can tell, without any effective.- the pitch of crisis. "At this time of relative 6- weeks and 13 sessions of secret Foreign.
opposition from the State Department, calm," his speech began, "it is appropriate, Relations Committee hearings this summer, .
has caused a furor in Latin America al-' desirable and, I think, necessary to review to which almost every administration official
most equal to that caused by our over- events in the Dominican Republic and the concerned with the intervention was invited.
reaction to the Dominican Republic United States role in those events. The pur- A great many came. McGeorge Bundy po-
react. -pose of such a review-and its only purpose- litely refused. Ambassador Bennett testi-
I would hope that in short order the . pot cd
ies in evel develop Ines forlbwise ighd emu ve fled and was asked about those telegrams
State Department would undertake to ; himself as much as he could from the onus of from General Wessin y Wessin; Bennet did,
issue a statement, which I am confident personal criticism: President Johnson's de-, not remember the episode, offhand. Other,
a number of members of the Foreign .felon to send 20,000 troops to Santo Domino witnesses had better memories. FUL stair is`
Domingo well prepared; the committee staff -
Relations Committee-possibly a ma- There nderstandable under the circumstances, one of the e best In Congress, and It orgy
jority-would approve, which would Thewere "No easy choices. Nonetheless, nized surveys and chronologies of the crisis
indicate a return to the sound basis of . it is the task of diplomacy to make wise dc-- from a wide variety of sources. So much no,
indicate firmly behind our tndaty sIf cisions when they need to be made and U.S, , in fact, that opponents of FIILDRIGHT thought
standing , diplomacy failed to do so in the Dominican they detected some kind of conspiracy.'
mitments entered into with our fellow crisis."
members of the Organization of Ameri- - -The blame. could not be placed on the, sh"Som ould nsay 11/s i prepared a sheaf of cardsSenato.
I. nches can States. President but was laid squarely to the sources , LAIISCHE.reported darkly of the, hearings.'
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- of information: the CIA`Stato Department. "When the witnesses appeared, the qucs-,
sent to have printed in the RECORD the intelligence, and U.'S: Embassy officials in tfons on the cards were systematically asked.
sent to have
editorials RECORD the Santo Domingo. The lack of reliable infor-. One question was read, and the card was:
follorm th.poiet a of. , viediwhich I have, mation-it was inadequate and inaccurate turned over.. Then the second question was.
gets congressional leaders off the hook,. too, ; read, and the third." The giveaway was the
endeavored to express briefly this, ? PULURIGHT and the usual collection of Sena- s stem
afternoon; .$1111 IZ8 1 -'A pl'U &I 'd""ecWgw. 67 Of i,pf~,pAtlGne in1
 October 7, -19Snitized -,A 'a S '' [R@@?A]g18 RR7 001.49R0001008300 Y3L
One of the six "criteria" Senator DODD "conduct of foreign affairs. In his first Sen- FULBRIGHT a arently
s to
expend has for telling an out-and-out Communist ate speech, in March 1045, he began, "Myths little of either. He begins with an idea of the
revolution from the other kind 1S the syste- are one of the greatest obstacles in the for- futility, if not exactly the inappropriateness,
matte, pattern of the revolt itself." In his ' mulation of national policy." His famous of Senate participation in specific matters of
long speech opposing FULBRIGHT, DODD said, speech last year concerned "old myths and foreign policy. Crises are for executives. He
"Spontaneous revolutions, guided by indlg- new realities." He is convinced that America admits that a strong leader could galvanize
nult nationalists, are invariably character- is Captive of What he calls "the obsession a willing Foreign Relations Committee and
ized by a certain amount of bungling and with communism," and that is inevitably perhaps influence policy decisions, but at the
amateurism. But the Dominician revolt was destructive.
characterized, instead, by the highest degree
of precision and professionalism,"
The core of FULItRIGIrr', case was that the
revolution was not controlled by Commu-
nists, even if it attracted Communist sup-
porters:
"The administration ? ? ? assumed al-
most from the beginning that the revolution
Was Communist-dominated, or would cer-
tainly become so, and that nothing short
of forcible opposition could prevent a' Com-
munist takeover. In their apprehension lest
the Dominican Republic become another
Cuba, some of our officials seem to have for-
gotten that virtually all reform movements
attract some Communist support that there
is an important difference between Commu-
nist support and Communist control of a
political movement, that it is quite possible
to compete with the Communists for in-
. Provide
fluenco in a reform movement rather than grounds for American intervention.
abandon it to them, and, most Important of ? He hopes that there are viable "democratic
all, that economic development and social left" forces available to fulfill revolutionary
justice are themselves the primary and most wellmillions,-may but not if there many none, n there ere very
FUL-
ce
reliable security against Communist sub- .BRIGHT 18 not at all many ccould st, a
version." at all sure he could stomach
From the evidence gathered at the hear- one or two or four more Castroite regimes
Ings-at which all witnesses, with the exce seems he Western Hemisphere. And yet that
flea of former Gov. Luis Mufiez-Marfn, of seto be a necessary corollary of his
Puerto Rico, were in the administration- tial speech. He
the "essen-
legitimacy" may of be the right
F
uLnRIGIrT concluded that the
Dominican revolution
har
e of
g
,
g4
Communist control of the revolution does that is, its derivation from Bosch and the
D
not stick. The motive behind U.S. interven- the , difference On other the hand, p may be wrongs
tion was a new dedication to preserve the the between his position and hi wrongs
Status quo In Latin America against all opponents' on that central issue is one of
on more than half the Democrats to his
side), and muttering something about "bi-
partisan" and "impossible," FUZBRIGHT let
,the suggestion go by. Only the loyal Senator
CLARK, among his committee friends, was
on hand In the Senate to support his posi-
tion. He is not worried by the dire predic-
tions of his banishment from the White
House. His influence there is already severely
circumscribed, both because of the diverg-
ence of his and the President's views, and
also because the President. wants very much
to run his own. show; the executive depart-
ment advisors are part of his show, but the
legislators are definitely not. Lven with
President Kennedy, with whom FULBRIGHT
any suspicion of political Instability. What nodal mange and revolutionary. reform quite good terms, his voice was small. -
happened
hbetween the coup aPrest- . means accepting nasty consequences along s u submitted brilliant b Cuban memorandum- Day f Pigs
dent ap Bosch et September the coup against
and the at- with beneficial ones. It requires an ex- submitted shortly
not before the Bay of Pigs
tremely narrow definition of "threat to the argument was not nvasio Neither was his
tempted return of Bosch's party, the PRD, national interest." The relationship be- eve tc the invasion oners on the says,
in April 1966, was a shift to the right in tween nations must be one of equality, and in eve his the crisis.
American foreign policy' notably toward intervention conceived only as a last resort
memoirs, that he Arthur was Schlesinger c the only one in
one in
Latin America. FULDaIGIrr saw American when there is a clear threat and imminent the White House planning session who shared
policymakers increasingly preoccupied with danger. FInDRIGHT still clings, perhaps un- did, tocaT'p doubts. Maybe the president
the anti-Communist cto the ex- did, too.
elusion of all other aspects credentials l their roles. consciously, to a paternalistic approach to
The springs of the aspects a of he Latin America. In his view, what papa The more eFuLnai ctiveGHT looks at the possi-
notclear. FIL of the srightw enses an unwilling- surge were knows best is left-of-center social reform, bilions
, for the eff, more ectively S overcome we with by th de-
That is much better than most American sense It at
ness on the part of State Department officials papas will admit, but it may not be enough, sense of futility. It 11 almost an existential
t
to take chances with the Latin American left F`ULBRICHT's speech was the best on any anguish; he periodically wonders (sometimes
after the dreadful experience of William subject made on the floor of the Senate duo- In public, on the floor of the Senate) whether
Wieland, who fought for 5 years to regain ing this session. It was clear, elegantly he ought not, aster all, resign as chair
his security clearance as a U
S Forel n S
.
g
man
ere- styled, and subtly intellectual. It was also of the Committee and be done with it,, He is
ice officer after he had the misfortune to be received with towering hostility, by many of restrained responsibility and a
on the Cuba desk during Castro's accession sense o st a sense of to power. No doubt FULBRIGHT believes Am- leagues, Senate (and committee) col- sense His speeches which amount to the same
eagues, and in much of the press. The thing. eches seem to be prepared
bassador Bennett and a raft of lesser officials White House is said to have responded with ` for Instant anthologizing; they are addressed
have Wieland's example before them. predictable unhappiness. The best that was to posterity as much as to the Chair.
More Important, FULBRIGHT thinks, is the heard from the administration was the His friends say that he is inclined me
to .'
loss of genuine commitment to social change guarded comment of one aid-not at all in meats of petulance, which are some etimes
which inspired Kennedy's policy, haphazard the inner circle-who ventured the opinion visible. Last spring, he announced that he
as It was, toward the Latin countries. Now, that' he was "glad the speech was made." was through with foreign aid bills until they
policy planners seem to conceive America's . But it is the measure Of FULDRIGHT's role were put on a more rational basis, He favored
Interest more mechanistically, as' a matter in the Senate that his friends, as much as his authorization terms longer than I year (so
of who's with us and who's not. That sounds enemies, were critical. He is the archetypal that tea President would not have I:e drain
minded:
very toughminded, but it Is often simple. loner, the most anticlub of all the Senators. get) and moves in internationl
msuch a policy misses the ion view of a yearly appropriation fl
hdetor as the g He is stuck with an unwieldy (19 members) funds. p Institutionalizing knows aid that the sing ati-
onIGHTsees the national change. . FuL_ , committee which he assum,;d is stacked tude" aid recipients, that she up in
more than casually with the revolutionary against him., He may be right; it seems to be the b rn id o libraries which shows
at n g of
more than casually in the hemisphere, ? a question of how one counts the members, m uing" of sioutiesand the at
le
FVLDRIGIiT counts them very much against embassies, grows out of the unbridgeable
His world view Is an ever-changing subtly him, at least as they stand in their pristine hostility between the gUL13 and says getter n.
shifting abstraction, a mixture of Realpolitik Ignorance. Other members think that with
and idealism unbetrayed by the demands of pressure and tutoring, a majority of the 13 "Shakespeare said It.., FLDRIGHT says "nap-
crisis politics. He Is not obsessed by a fear Democrats, and perhaps the nlShlt "loan loses both itself and friend."
of communism; he is more worried at the tee, could be welded Into a cohesiveco inion But back at his end of post, the session, he for ign
moment about anticommunism. He detests' bloc with a consistent point of view. It was back at Senate. managing to get other
sentimentalism In foreign aid III the He tried to get other
policy, on the part would require only minor. compromise on committee members-Moms, SPAaxMAN,
of the left as well as the. right. He harks PuLBRronVe part, but a great,deal of effort Cauzca to take it over, and for their own
back to the mythological baals of -Amerlca's and charm,
"We are not, as we like to claim in Fourth o..,o Y--AC Liu Knows tnat he is net that man.
Of July speeches, the most truly revolution- er are his committee fellows. Imme-
ary nation on earth," FULBRIGHT said in his diately tely under FULBRIGHT is Senator SPARK-
Senate speech, "We are * * * much closer MAN, then Senator MANSFIELD, then Senators
MORSE, RUS
o so cKE-
to being the most unrevolutionary notion ranking Republican is Senator Hi
on earth." Later he added, "If any The truth is that the no
. The truth that there are no
or any movement with which the om group Borahs or Cabot
(Senior, of course) _
nists associate themselves is going to be auto= available, there Is
matically condemned in the eyes of the mate and there a no one to lead the
United States, then we have indeed given up might even oreign affairs a a way which
all hope of guiding or Influencing even to a Joihnsns evapproach the authority of the
marginal degree he revolutionary move- on administration'
ments and the demands for' social change ONE-MAN SHOW
which are sweeping Latin America." Some wish that FULBRIGHT would try, but
PAPA KNOWS BEST he will not. He did not attempt to get a
He is willing to go far in 'his analysis of report gto the committee on the Dominican
.U.S. policy, but he stops short: 'f +re .?,,,,+ Investigation. One of his friends . , +he
-u4wnKaole thought of all. A real Com- ""'311?LGG asaea nun to see about a ma-
munist revolution in Latin America would jwority and minority report (he might have
Sanitized Approved. For Release GIA-RD;P75-00149E 000100830024-7
 25324 Sanitized - Approvcq G(MERs1oeNa i RE ORD,P7 SENATE 8000100830024-7
NA October 7, 1965.
caved In on the 2-year authorization clause FULBRIGHT AND HIS Carrtcs
e
in an ext nded conference with House Mem- Politicians with such an obvious interest
bers. He did not have the power to pull it (By Joseph Kraft) in raising the Communist issue are, to be
off. The doubts raised by Senator Fui,nRrcHr sure, limited in number. But their strength
ctlT's with respect to this country's policy in Latin Is as the strength of 10 because the ad-
wider er than the constituency, of course, Is far America have been intensified by the cries ministration is doing nothing to organize
includes much of liberal boundaries of intellectual Arkansas. It of his critics. resistance against them. Amen-
ca, and more than that, educated opinion in Basically, the Senator was only posing a On the contrary, the administration has
most of the non-Communist world. Most good question. He was asking whether this promoted inside the State Department a
Latin Americans in Washington last week country had reverted to the policy of direct group of regular Foreign Service ofilcers,
military intervention in South America. heading up in Under Secretary Thomas Mann
were overjoyed at FULDnICHT's Speech. One of With the Dominican case before him, he and Assistant Secretary for Con g
the most important political leaders In South g
America sent him a telegram of warm con-
gratulations. FIILHRICIIT sensed a new disposition to identify all social Relations Douglas MacArthur II, who made
protest with Communist subversion, and a their way in the era of unsophisticated, men-
hopes that his con- connected tendency to shoot first and think olithic anticommunism. Their ideas, indeed
sistent, opposition to U.S. military adventure later. He pointed out that there were im- their careers and repuitations, are tied up
can keep American prestige alive in Latin portant distinctions between retests backed with that era. Not surprisin 1 the
America, something like Labour's opposition p g Y. y prac-
to Suez kept Britain's prestige viable, if by the Communists and protests under their tically invited the Selden resolution.
barely so, in the Middle East, against the die- control. He suggested that when trouble Lastly, the White House itself seems to be
tant day when new policies could be south of the border developed next, It might holding anticommunism in reserve as a rod
. formulated. Similarly, De policies Gaulle's repudia- be appropriate for this country to think first to discipline its congressional majority,
tion of France's long-held Algerian policy ' and shoot next. Where there is a jingoist issue working, in
made it seem as if it were never held at all. A reasonable, and I believe honest, re- other words, the President wants it working
sponse to Senator FULBRIGHT'S question was on his side. He has gone soft on Goldwater-
America'as a political monolith is a more available to the administration. It would ism. And while he maintains that stance,
dangerous imago to project than a picture have emphasized that there was no basic it remains a question whether this Country
of America riven with dissent, FULDRIGHT change In American policy; that there were will be able to move in harmony with the
thinks. The White House, of course, is terri- matters open for debate in the Dominican Vast social changes that are sweeping Latin:
fied that the world will overestimate the record; but that the Dominican case, be America, and Africa and Asia, too.
Importance of the dissenting opinions, and cause of the special impact of the Trujillo
doubt the administration resolve. FUL- dictatorship, was a special one without gen- [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Sept. 28,
]]RIGHT has no such nightmares. eral application to Latin America. 1085]
It is all very simple for him. He went to The actual reaction was not unlike the SOVIET-AMERICAN RELATIONS
some hearings, reviewed the record. wrote stonin
d ~_ .-.-.
r
g
eser e
~. hose who ques-
it one day to a near-empty Senate. Almost tion the efficacy of blood sacrifice. Last week the world had a fleeting but
that simple! he did put it off for about 3 For a starter there was Senator THOMAS tantalizing glimpse of what might become
weeks while the provisional government of DODD, of Connecticut, with his usual tactic U.S.S.R. .Sa the cold war subsided. The United States Hector Garcia Godoy was installed in Santo
Domingo. Then, when there was absolutely l
hat ing s t o T atmm ni m. DOiDd charged- on their parallels interests in avertingna
no chance of having any effect on current mating infatuation with revolutions of all war between PaUni and India, made
events, he unwound, kinds, national, democratic, or Communist." a cease-fire. the This Uni show ted ofunnant order
e cannot understand what the fuss is all Short remarks in similar vein were made a , Thiani mity dl
Ii in
about. Journalists buzz around his office by Senators FRANK LAUSCHE and RussELL the quarrel.
the Chinese from intervening in
searching for hidden meanings and un- LONG-a Member of Senator F'=RIGHT'S For- the qusrecorded connections. What is FULDRIGHT sign Relations Committee who had not even operation, and a long way short ra cesi that
up to? Did he really mean Vietnam when bothered to attend the committee's recent cooperation, and there is no assurance that
he was saying Dominican Republic? (He hearings on the Dominican Republic. Then a settlement of the quarrel is in sight or even
did make one oblique reference to Vietnam in defense of the American Ambassador in that the underlying hostility will not
in his speech; he wondered why the United the. Dominican Republic, Tapley Bennett, lass smolder the on events for a very long time, specthe-w
eek States is to eager to keep "more ambiguous thee boomed the big gun of the Senate, , nraof last how all hope and res-
and less formal promises" made to Saigon RICHARD RussELL, of Georgia, far demonstration of how all hope and
\,. and yet willing to disregard formal commit- RUSSELL had known Ambassador Bennett Peet of a reasonably peaceable world is tied
tied
ments to the Organization of American States "as a small boy." He had known "his father up with an improvement in Soviet-American
and the Rio Treaty.) Is he bitter because and his mother." He had known "both of relations.
he was passed over for Secretary of State? Is his grandfathers." Only last year he had had Is an improvement pos ;ibis? What is there
he frustrated by the voting demands on a a meal "with Ambassador Bennett's father between us that now sets us against each
southern Senator (not only against voting : and mother on their Franklin County farm other? It is, quite plainly, the conflict of
rights this year, but also against such liberal in the rolling red clay hills of northeast Ideology and interest, of emotion and of
measures as increased minimum wage and Georgia." With that pedigree, and that solid prejudice, over the revolutionary condition
home rule for the District of Columbia) ? rural background, how could anyone even of the so-called third world-the world of
His claim to represent a revolutionary spirit begin to have doubts? the underdeveloped and emerging nations of
the Souern pher-in Asia, for social reform is seriously, if understand- reA day earlier
ably, flawed. Perhaps an awareness of the
Senator, he House had Itpreessed ssed its and Latin America.isThe revolutionary con.'
inconsistency of his political behavior makes P by dition is an objective historical fact of this
his outbursts more vivid, an overwhelming vote a resolution that, in century , and it will continue to exist no
his advises all doubters to a 1 effect, endorsed direct military intervention matter what the Russians or we say or do
Occam's razor, The simple explanationpis by the United in Latin
about it
ee
t
1
.
subve sive
action or
hee
threat
the true. He only appears to be a riddle of It.,, Tile Soviet-American conflict is about this
wrapped In a mystery inside an enigma. He B revolutionary condition. Thus, the conflict
is really In
uncomplicated Rhodes scholar By themselves, neither the House resolu- is no longer, as it was a generation ago,
from Arkansas interested in the price of tion nor the Senate statements have any ' about what kind of social order is to exist in
chickens and international relations. Practical force. But precisely because they the hi
hl
g
y developed countries of Europe
{ His own theory to explain the extraordi- are free of real content, they provide a good and North America.. Asa matter of fact, in
nary outcry which followed the Senate speech measure of the play of domestic and bureauc- this whole area, which includes European
ratio politics on foreign affairs,
has to do with the constructions of c
R
i
on-
uss
a itself, the old argument between the
sensua politics,, as well as the sensitivity to At the base, plainly, there are politicos Marxists and the laissez faire capitalists has
lens s politics,, as a the continuing foreign io with self-interested motives. for raising anew been bypassed by events, For example, the
criticism crisis. He is not alone h ag f the the issue of softness on communism. The economic philosophy of General Eisenhower
anti-Communist s. He is oalone in worrying sabout be original author of the House resolution, and Senator Goldwater in America is as dead
which seems
.building ngtln st which
the United
States, as ARMISTEAD SELAErr of Alabama, for instance, as the economic philosophy of Marx is among
It did during the Korean war. That, tcomes from a district that is being changed the European socialists. In the whole do-
followed
by Bided a period of mild liberal That, too, o by reapportionment, by Federal registration veloped, progressive, Industrial world, the
fo
something like the early noncon. ., of voters, and by possible action on the poll prevailing economic- order Is a mixture in
f mty Fomething k speeches were heard tax. With Negro voters due to figure in the varying degrees of planning and the Incen-
Sena i in lofty condemnation oe were Alabama primary next May, SELDEN can no .tive of profit of fiscal management, and then As always, they were cool, sensible, and well , longer fall back on the usual theme of pro- social regulation,
reasoned. This time; it may take more than wrapping hims
0 au elf in the m
speechmaking to set things right eat Instead,
anticom thirdiworld-which wasenot foreseen a ben-
. munism. Oration ago--that the
Soviet Union an4 the
'
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United States find themselves locked Into TYRANNY OF TIIE MASORITY IN UNITED STATES once of min,l and real freedom of discussion
what has the appearance of an irreconcilable
conflict. (By Marquis Childs) as in Aulrrica. Profound changes have oc-
In Its'of icial ideology, the Soviet Union is The Johnson consensus is so powerful that curred since democracy in America first ap-
committed to the support of the revolution- large areas of policy-normally In past years peered and yet it may be asked whether'
aries, to the incitement and supplying of a subject for debate--arc now oil limits, recognition of the right of dissent has gained
"warn of national liberation.". The zeal of a majority President, who by substantially in practice as well as in theory,"
In the American ideology, we are not ab- 'temperament and conviction draws the line Senator FULDRIGIIT discovered in 1057 what
snlutcly opposed to wars of national libera-. against dissenters, underscores the fears of it meant to go against the majority. He op-
tion, provided they are not inspired or sup- a time of troubles when revolutionary re- posed the Eisenhower-Dulles doctrine em-
ported by Communists. We are very much games threaten all order and stability. bodied in a resolution giving the President
disposed to feel, however, that all revolutions Add to this an expanding Federal Govern- Polder to use "the Armed Forces of the United
will be captured by the Communists who fn- meat dispensing money in old ways-the States as he deems necessary" in the Middle
variably participate In them. House just passed a $1.7 billion pork barrel East and to spend $200 million as he saw
Thus, Russia and America find themselves rivers and harbors bill-and now ways such ? lit without congressional restrictions. The
in a vicious circle. The Russians are die- as?huge defense and rescarch-contracts. 'The Senate majority leader then was Lyndon B.
posed to intervene wherever there is a rebel- sum total in the view of pessimistic observ- Johnson. He urged FULDRIGHT to back Eisen
lion, and the United States is inclined to ers is a new America with little resemblance hewer as he himself had.
intervene to oppose as aggression the Com- to the give and take democracy of the past. Johnson has triple-starred consensus in
muniat intervention. In the Soviet Union A case in point is what happened to Chair- the the ajority, But, defined as nether
of f thhe maority," consensus has another
there exists a prejudice in favor of rebellion man J. WILLIAM FULRRIGNT, of the Senate ny
as such, of rebellion against any established Foreign Relations Committee. Waiting un- look'
order. The Soviet Union is the product of a til after a provisional government had been
fairly recent revolution. In the United established in the Dominican Republic, FUL- [F'1Om the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Sept.
States, where the revolution.
occurred nearly ice nRIGI-T in a Senate speech delivered a care- 20-26]
two centuries ago, there revolution
now occurred afully reasoned criticism of how the Domini- DEFENDING INTERVENTION a pre t two ce ur es ago, The result is p vicice can crisis had been handled. This was based The beat thing that can be said of the
ircie in which dogmatic communism and on an inquiry before the Foreign Relations new House resolution on intervention In
dogmatic anticommunism incite and exas- Committee with 13 sessions at which all the Latin America Is that it 1s ineffectual. It
perato each other. principals testified. Is not binding on anyone, and merely ex-
. Immediately the full force of administra- presses a point of view. But what a point
latlons, which is prerequisite to an accom- tion spokesmen, big and little, was leveled of view.
mods tion between the West and China, re- against him. The voices turned up high, Subversive domination of a New World
quires the breakup of this vicious circle, did not so much seek to refute the criticism nation, or even the threat of it, the resolu-
How? Essentially, I believe, by fostering as to discredit the critic. At the lowest level, tion says, violates the Monroe Doctrine.
the ascendancy of national interests over as represented by Senator RUSSELL Lowe, of Therefore any Western Hemisphere nation .
global ideology, by the reassertion in both Louisiana, the majority whip, the sugges-, may, in the exercise of individual or toilet- `
, countries of prudence and calculation' tion was that if you didn't believe Com- tive self-defense, which could go so far as
against semireligious fanaticism and frenzy, munists were about to - take over in the resort to armed force ? * ? take steps to
We had a glimpse last week of how this can Dominican Republic then you must have forestall or combat the subversion.
happen. The hin Iolshmir began more sympathy, for communism than you + In sponsoring this proposal, Representa-
with an infiltration hostilities i guerrilla troops began know. tive SELDEN, of Alabama, argued of (re- Crusted as a matter of fact from the Pakistan On careful rereading of the Fulbri ht type that a new
army though they wore different uniforms) , speech it is hard to discover why the react on bat a new ltyctive pe fecurity i needed to co b-
The purpose of the guerrillas was to arouse was as though It had been an offense against version inside aocountry; Butt the Seld n
the population and to liberate Moslem Kash- majesty. He was saying that aspects of resolution goes far beyond collective security.
mfr from Hindu rule, Hero was a war of na- America's policy in the Dominican Repub- It suggests that one republic may intervene
tional liberation which the Soviet Union, ac- lic compounded these faults. The example . unilaterally in another. It Is so worded,-
tional cording to its theoretical doctrine, was bound of a Senator soundly birched for faulting Representative BINGHAM, of New York, as-
to support. However, the fact of the matter the administration raises a troubling ques- serts, that a Latin nation could intervene in
is that it did not cult the Soviet Union that tion: Is. any dialog at all possible on the the United States If the Latin neighbor con-
in cahoots with Red China, should great issues of foreign policy? eluded that, for example, the civil rights
Pakistan, defeat India, which is a tacit ally of the To put it another way: Must the power movement were Communist-inspired.
Soviet Union, So the Soviet Union acted In of the Executive be so absolute in view of
intervening
favor of peace, which is its real interest, the threat to Americas' security that critics the The Idea United ed a States Latin is reo patently absurd
abs
rather than on behalf of an ideological should keep silent? An American war in that the Selden resolution so must be
prejudice. Vietnam Is rapidly expanding with reports other way around-to ntb d-to must U.S. e rter en-
At the same time, the United States, hav- of. 200,000 troops to be committed bthe. its rs. Indeed, i h ese-
ing learned something in recent months, year's end and yet scarcely a doubt to ex- Lion among Its neighbors. the rca-
resisted the temptation to take a lofty pressed publicly over the authority of the lution seems to be an ex post facto vlndla-
tion against a post- Commander in Chief to direct an undeclared Don nfor it the American intervention in the
g y, choose and instead, reticently y Dominican Republic.
and prudently, chto work quietly and war.
behind the scences. Granted the stakes are awesome and the Perhaps this explains why the State Do-
partment Is timid In Its view of the reso-conductin tionsicantbe Improved-by that a coluraging the power of the Executive great in the Ind ag' .. uti? . Theadepat"tment asked Mr. SELDEN
policy with proper secrecy prudent and the practical to predominate Pakistan crisis. Granted, too, that nothing to make clear in debate that the more threat
over the ideological and the hot. In this ? succeeds like the Johnson successes, of subversion would not justify unilateral
country, at least, the process will require the Nevertheless, the domination of the ma- use of force, but the resolution does not say
resumption of public debate-the kind of jority is so all-encompassing that a funda- so. And when the House had voted by 312
debate which Senator FULanIGHT has once mental distortion of the American system to 52 for the measure, after only 40 minutes
again opened up. . seems for the time being at least to have re- of debate, a press officer lamely explained
For the issue which he has posed in his suited. More than a century ago Alexis de that the State Department agreed with the
remarkable speech is the essential issue In Tocqueville, one of the most searching and- - sentiments expressed but questioned , tonne
our attitude and policy toward the revolu- at the same time sympathetic foreign critics, of the language,
tionary condition of our time. The question wrote in his "Democracy in America" of the Opponents of the resolution have accused
he posed is how to tolerate rebellion, which ? danger of thg "tyranny of the majority." Of the State Department of lack of backbone.
Is often necessary and desirable, without the tyt'anny this French aristocrat consid- The accusation assumes that the Depart-
surrendering the control of the rebellion to - ered the, main'evil of democratic institutions moat still..
the Communists who will always be part of ' he wrote: Does It7 opposes unilateral intervention
It, "? ? ? The smallest reproach irritates its
_
There is no rule of thumb for answering sensibility and the slightest joke that has. -
this question. But there has to be some any foundation In truth renders it indignant;
kind of accommodation, such as the Soviet , from the forms of its language up to the solid ?'
Union made about the Kashmir freedom virtues of its -character, everything must be
fighters and such as we made about the Chi- made the subject of encomium. No writer,
I nese'threat of military aggression. The die- Whatever his eminence, can escape paying
!evasion of this serious and difficult problem this tribute of adulation to his follow citi-
cannot be monopolized by the assorted hang- Pena."
ers-on, often more Johnson ian than Johnson_ De Tocqueville was writing of the majority
chimself, who are presuming to lay down the.. itself but his words today might be applied
rule that only those who conform with the to the master of the majority.
jocurrent political Improvisations are alto- kno of no co
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