CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP75-00149R000100590008-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 12, 1999
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: February 28, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

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Sanitized - App r?6 ,&sei @DPSJRA 49 R000AP9jW9 Og21967
Armed Forces, and for other purposes, debate
on any amendment, motion, or appeal, ex-
cept a motion to lay on the table, shall be
limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided and
controlled by the mover of any such amend-
ment or motion and the majority leader:
Provided, That in the event the majority
leader is in favor of any such amendment or
motion, the time in opposition thereto shall
be controlled by the minority leader or some
Senator designated by him: Provided further,
That no amendment that is not germane to
the provisions of the said bill shall be re-
ceived.
Ordered further, That on the question of
the final passage of the said bill debate shall
be limited to 4 hours, to be equally divided
and controlled, respectively, by the majority
and minority leaders: Provided, That the
said leaders, or either of them, may, from
the time under their control on the passage
of the said bill, allot additional time to any
Senator during the consideration of- any
amendment, motion, or appeal.
CIA CONTROVERSY MANY FACETED
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia, Mr.
President, the current controversy over
the activities of the Central Intelligence
Agency has many facets. One aspect of
the matter was covered in the Carl T.
Rowan column, "In Defense of the CIA's
Undercover Links," In the February 26
Issue of the Washington, D.C., Sunday
Star, with the emphasis placed on the_
possibility that in pursuit of openness of
action and undisciplined speech we may
be exceeding prudence.
Another aspect of the matter, the
manner in which allied nations handle
similar intelligence operations, was re-
viewed on the same date in the Washing-
ton, D.C., Post under the heading, "Other
Democracies Do Their Spying in Dif-
ferent Ways."
I believe these areas of the current CIA
furor deserve wider public attention, and
I am providing these items for insertion
in the RECORD.
I ask unanimous consent that these
articles be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
,[From the Washington (D.C.) Star, Feb. 28,
19671
IN DEFENSE OF THE CIA's UNDERCOVER
"LINKS"
(By Carl T. Rowan)
When the stream of criticism and con-
tempt for the Central Intelligence Agency
rolls so forcefully and resolutely, one risks all
manner of accusations if he moves against
the tide.
But move against it I must, for there are
some tragic aspects of the furor over the
CIA's financing student, labor and other pri-
vate groups that have not been given ade-
quate attention.
Surely I_break no vows of secrecy made in
my government days if I say now that this
string of "exposes" of CIA associations can
go on and on. There are dozens of yet un-
named groups that cooperated with CIA-
simply because they believed it to be in their
children's and the nation's interest.
I admire one of them the Hobby Founda-
tion of Houston, Texas-for publicly ex-
pressing pride in having cooperated.
The disciplines of self-acclaimed intellec-
tualism, or liberalism, or idealism compel
some people to deplore these private in-
volvements in the dirty business of waging
a cold war. They say the health of the na-
tion requires that our press, universities,
students et at remain "free of government
manipulation."
I cannot understand the schizophrenia
that has caused these purists to exempt the
Federal Bureau of Investigation from criti-
cism for so long. The FBI has its hand, and
agents, in far more domestic organizations
than the CIA. But somehow the press and
the public have accepted that as necessary
to trap those frightful spies and saboteurs.
It must be reckoned one of the great pub-
lic relations failures of American history that
the CIA has not won acceptance for its clan-
destine activities on the valid ground that it
is fighting the same deadly struggle as the
FBI.
As the tedious string of "revelations" un-
winds, I conclude that American opinion-
molders have become almost as, psychotic
about "the CIA" as those foreigners who talk
as though the agency is capable of over-
throwing their governments on five minutes'
notice.
the Communists spent billions-unsuccess-
fully-to do, we Americans, out of our ideal-
ism, have delivered to them as a gift.
It disturbs me that this rush to bare CIA
"links" has tainted "Crossroads Africa," the . that of CIA. One observation can be safely
"American Society for African Culture" and made. Whether MI-6 is better or worse than
other groups that have worked honestly and
intelligently to keep alive in millions of Af-
ricans a faith and hope in democracy.
Sanctimonious, theoretically, correct argu-
ments that "private business and industry"
the CIA, it is surely different. And so are
the countries they serve.
Compared to America, Britain is a homog-
enous society accustomed to rule by a tra-
ditional elite. It is more like a cozy club
than a railway terminal. The club's. Inner
themselves against one hard fact: Business circle is accustomed to work in discreet in-
and industry had neither the interest, the timacy, arranging with a hint what in Amer-
attitudes nor the inclination to support these lea requires an act of Congress.
efforts properly. It can be assumed that over the years
It bothers me that these "revelations" have covert assistance has been given to private
compromised, perhaps fatally in some oases, organizations engaged in cold war hostilities.
hundreds of young men and women who But it can also be assumed that most of this
might have become leaders of the developing aid will not become publicly known for dec-
nations. ades.
The wounds inflicted upon the Alliance for
Progress are grave.
Many a U.S. Peace Corps worker or diplo-
and numerous foreign scholars andlabor
mat,
leaders who have struggled bravely in the
cause o:{ freedom, will have their Integrity
impugned and their futures jeopardized be-
fore this great expose flizzles out.
Sure, one can say, the CIA built this colossal
tragedy by wrongly Involving all these peo-
pies and groups in the first place.
I say nonsense. Several presidents, sev-
eral cabinets, dozens of congressmen and the
leaders of all the groups involved went into
this business with their eyes wide open. And
it wasn't because of an ugly assumption that
the ends justify the means, as some idealists
argue. They made a practical recognition of
the fact that the adversary had already set
the dirty rules of battle, so either we played
by his rules or got our brains beaten out.
I can't find it in my journalistic heart to
say the press is wrong to dredge up all it has
about CIA "covers." Yet, I have an uneasy
feeling that in pursuit of a hallowed bit of
journalistic dogma, we are slaying some
dragons that will come back to haunt our
progeny.
I keep remembering President Kennedy
saying to the American Newspaper Publish-
ers Association in 1961:
"This nation's foes have openly boasted of
acquiring through our newspapers informa-
tion they would otherwise hire agents to ac-
quire tl%rough theft, bribery or espionage .. .
"Todf.y no war has been declared-a~Id
however fierce the struggle, it may never be
declared in traditional fashion . .
"If the press is awaiting a declaration of
war before it imposes the self-discipline of
It it heresy for me.to ask whether the bene-
fits to "freedom" accruing from these exposes
of the CIA are great enough to balance out
the damage done to our security?
[From the Washing 9671(D.C.)
OTHER DEMOCRACIES DO THEM.
DIFFERENT WAYS
IN BRITAIN, THEY KEEP QvIET
(By Karl E. Meyer)
LONDON.-A fundamental difference be-
tween British and American intelligence or-
ganizations was proclaimed last week on
thousands of newsstands throughout Britain.
On the cover of the international edition
of Time magazine was a portrait of Richard
Helms, the director of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency. No British magazine or news-
paper could be expected to carry a similar
picture of Helms' counterpart here. This
name of the chief of MI-6, Britain's CIA,
is never published, and Indeed is not even
known by the vast majority of the populace.
Even Members of Parliament and ambassa-
dors profess ignorance of his identity. He
"M:
The paucity of Information about MI-6
makes it extremely difficult to offer any ob-
The D-notice
Secrecy is enforced not only through tradi-
tion. The government can use an official
secrets act to close blurting lips. Only the
other day, Brition.s were reminded of another
silencing weapon the government possesses
-the system known as the D-notice.
Under this system, begun in 1912, news-
papers have voluntarily agreed not. to pub-
lish information that officials deem contrary
to security. Twice last week, Prime Minis-
ter Wilson attacked the Daily Express for
allegedly violating a D-notice in reporting
that security agents were still reading tele-
grams sent overseas.
But even if silencing devices were removed,
the kind of prodigious secret aid practiced
by the CIA. A shrewd observer put in this
way:
"Americans think they need hundreds of
thousands of dollars to get anywhere-the
whole paraphernalia of letterheads, carpeted
suites, secretaries, first-class plane tickets.
Here a few thousand pounds (a pound Is,
$2.80) is enough. A musty office, a scruffy
bright young man and a single mimeograph
machine is enough."
Moreover, there exist organizations that
can provide overt assistance, most notably
the British Council. Founded. in 1934, this
agency gives broad support to overseas cul-
tural programs with state money. Its
budget for 1966-67 was $30 million.
BRITISH PRATFALLS
British intelligence has endured its prat-
falls. There are still bitter memories In the
combat conditions, then I can only say that, lively controversy under way over exaggerated
no war ever posed a greater threat to our claims some feel were made for British war-
security." time subversion in Frans.
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Middle East about a "black" radio station
beamed from Cyprus with covert British help
during the Suez crisis. Moreover, there is a
 - Sanitized - Approved For Release : CIA-RDP75-00149R000100590008-2
February 28, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
But here discretion and frugality are the case reminded the French of the need to
rule. One qualified observer said: keep watch over their watchdogs.
"A persistent problem with CIA operations "You Americans make the mistake of leav-
Is that not enough thought is given to what ing the heads of your secret organizations in
might happen when they are exposed. This their jobs too long," I was once told by a
was true of the Bay of Pigs, of the U-2 Sight highly placed French politician who had
and the large subsidies to student organiza- held such a job.
tions. in each case, American prestige was
vested in debatable risks-Cuban exiles, a
hired pilot and youngsters still in college. L.B.J., A GREAT PRESIDENT WITH A
"No doubt these efforts often produce re- i GREAT MESSAGE ON HEALTH AND
cults. But when they backfire, the noise can EDUCATION
be heard clear around the world."
In Britain, it might be said, any backfire Mr. PROXMIRE, Mr. President, the
is usually muffled in a clubby smoking-room. . President of the United States has just
The MI-S is not a government, but for the sent to this body his message on educa-,
most part it is truly invisible. tion and health in America.
IN FRANCE, THEY PAY OPENLY
(By Waverley Root)
11000,
PARIS.-The French reaction to the subsidy
given by the CIA to the National Students
Association is: "It couldn't happen here."
This Is not because French secret services
would necessarily be above such tactics, but
because somebody else is already taking care
of such subsidies-more or less openly.
During the Algerian revolution, the Na-
tional Union of French Students was openly
receiving a subsidy from the French gov-
ernment through the Ministry of Education.
When the UNEF began to espouse the
cause of Algerian Independence, the. subsidy
was canceled and government support was
then given to a rival student organization,
oriented politically to the right.
But the government tactics backfired.
The new recipient of government largesse
also took up the cudgel for the Algerian
cause,
Today, the UNEF is again the principal stu-
dent organization and once again is enjoy-
ing government support. The past is for-
given.
A normal action
This is the difference between French and
American uses of the subsidy. In France,
helping your political supporters is consid-
ered a normal action which need not be car-
ried on in secret.
Undercover activities in connection with
organizations receiving subsidies would occur
either through bona fide members who would
consent to inform secret services, or by se-
cret services planting members in any organi-
zation they wanted to watch.
But there is not as much open government
subsidizing of organizations as there used
to be in France.
Before the war, the Ministry of the In-
terior had a secret account for subsidizing
publications. The original idea was to re-
ward newspapers which gave the government
a break-but getting a share of the gravy
came to be regarded as a right.
Secrecy distrusted
Such subsidies no longer exist. In addi-
tion, if the French spread arty money about
abroad, they do it through overt channels.
Their secret organizations don't get it to
spend. The French have had a good deal
of experience with them, and don't' trust
them with any more power than necessary.
France's closest parallel to the CIA is the
counterespionage organization which came
under fire in the Ben Barka kidnaping-the
SDECE.
The light the Ben Barka case turned on
the SDECE revealed certain details of its
modus operandi including secret agents at
airports to watch the comings and goings of
people in whom it was interested and bugging
public rooms. But this was not much of a
surprise to the French, for whom the top-
of telephones has long been common-
ea trial resulting from the kidnaping of
?.gin Barka, the Moroccan opposition leader,
is not been completed-ac it is not known
whether the SDECE as a whole was Involved
in the case or only one of its agents, but the
This is a message that should make
every Member of the Congress proud.
Mr. President, with all the brickbats
many of us aim at the White House, it
seems to me time that we take off our
hats and salute President Johnson as the
President who has done more for the
health and more for the education of
Americans than any President in the
history of this country.
After all, what is more important than
education and health for our country's
strength, our country's future, and the
happiness of 200 million Americans?
Mr. President, this is not a matter of
rhetoric or partisanship. This is a mat-
ter of fact. Within the past 2 years this
Congress, lead by President Johnson has
done more for the health of Americans
than everbefore in history.
In the past 2 years Congress has pro-
vided a greater impetus to education
than all other Congresses combined in
the history of this Nation.
A great President has sent the Con-
gress a great message today charting an
even better future. I say this as one
who has consistently fought for a reduc-
tion in spending and who will continue
to do so.
But in the Nation's health and the
Nation's education, parsimonious penny-
pinching would be very foolish. It would
mean the Nation was failing to make
the sound investment in its future which
will bring returns many times over.
I honor the President for asking for
additional funds in these areas. Every
dollar we invest in additional training
opportunities will come back in full in
a very few years In welfare costs. It will
come back again in higher taxes paid.
And most importantly it will come back
In a stronger, better freer, happier
America.
TRIBUTE TO HENRY It. LUCE
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, it Is my
sad duty to call to the attention of the
Senate the death, earlier this morning,
of Henry R. Luce, the former editor in
chief of Time magazine, and well known
throughout the world as the head of the
Time-Life-Fortune publishing empire.
Mr. Luce, its is well known, was born
in China of American missionary par-
ents. He was a graduate of Yale Uni-
versity and was very prominent In its
activities. In 1923, he founded, with
Briton Hadden, the Time magazine; in
1930, he founded Fortune magazine; and
In 1936, he founded Life magazine. To-
gether, they represent probably the single
most important publishing force that we
know. He was very active, as everyone
knows, in the United China Relief which
he organized in 1940. He was a stalwart
advocate of freedom of the press, and
was well known as having initiated the
Committee on Freedom of Press in 1944.
Mr. President, when a man passes away
In the fullness of his years, in the vigor
of his talents, we always seek to praise
him. Harry, as he was known to his
friends-and I have the honor to num-
ber myself among them-and to his as-
sociates in his great publishing empire,
made history.
He and his associates inaugurated a
new epoch of journalism especially for
the complete man; we might use the ex-
pression, "the compleat man." He was
ahead of his time when he began and
time has hardly begun to catch up with
him now that he is gone. To those who
had the privilege of knowing him, his
dominant characteristic was liveliness,
and our memory of him, and that of the
world, will be the brighter for it.
I know of no more beautiful epitaph
for a vigorous man, who died in the full-
ness of his activities, than a comment
from one of his associates, who told me
a few minutes ago:
Harry would have wanted to die this way-
when he went he was barreling along with
a full head of steam on the many problems
which absorbed his heart and mind.
Henry R. Luce lived a life of excite-
ment. - He and his associates inaugurated
a new approach to journalism: the sum-
mation of news after research in depth,
and placing it in context by showing its
relationship to other news. His aim was
the compleat man In information, cul-
ture, education, sports, finance, and liv-
ing., He made one of the truly historic
contributions in communications, and to
this ideal he devoted his life.
I know my colleagues will wish to
join me in expressing our deepest sym-
pathy and condolences to Clare Booth
Luce, a personal friend of mine, who
served the State of Connecticut in the
other body. She is a very gifted, and a
very exciting woman herself, for whom
this is a very sad hour.
We can only hope that the expessions
of friendship and sympathy which will
be heard on the floor of the Senate to-
day will be of some comfort to her in her
sad bereavement. -
Mr. MANSFIELD and Mr. DODD ad-
dressed the Chair.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I yield
first to the distinguished majority leader,
and then I shall yield to the Senator
from Connecticut.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
wish to join the distinguished senior Sen-
'ator from New York [Mr. JnvITS] and the
distinguished senior Senator from Con-
necticut [Mr. DODD] to express regret
at the passing of Henry Luce. He
founded Time in- the twenties, during a
most difficult period; he set a new stand-
ard for a news magazine which has since
been emulated very often. .
Henry, Luce was a man of controversy
and one could always take issue with
some of the articles published under his
direction. I believe that that was a part
of the attraction which Time held for so
many people. This man was barn In
China of mlu1onary parents and his life
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