THE POWERS TRIAL--1
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP75-00001R000400060010-7
Release Decision:
RIFPUB
Original Classification:
K
Document Page Count:
24
Document Creation Date:
November 11, 2016
Document Release Date:
June 1, 1999
Sequence Number:
10
Case Number:
Publication Date:
August 20, 1960
Content Type:
PREL
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Attachment | Size |
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CIA-RDP75-00001R000400060010-7.pdf | 2.24 MB |
Body:
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EMBASSY OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
Pr?ss Deportment
1706 18tl OSIr N.W.
TH POI: MS TRIAL--I
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On the morning of Au ust 17 an open trial begar in the Hall of Columns of
the Ilouse of the Trade Unions in Moscow to consider the criminal case of spy-
pilot Francis Gary i'ov.ers, citizen of the United States of Awerica, committed
for trial in accordance with rti.cle 2 of the Law of t,e USSR On Criminal
Responsibility for State Crimes."
The case is being considered by the Military Coliogium of the USSR Supreme
Court under Presiding V . ;e J.V. Borisoglebskyy, Lieutenant General of Justice
and Chairman of the i'. iJJ t, ry College um. The People's Assessors are D. Vor-
obyov, lajor veneral of t_rc Artillery, and A.T. Za..harov, iia,ior General of the
Air Force. The secretar;r of the court is M.V. Afana.syev, Major of Administra-
tive Service.
The State Prosecutor is R.A. Rudenko, State Counselor of Justice, Procura-
tor General of the 1j55A.
Powers' counsel for the defense is M.I. Grinyov, member of the Moscow City
Collegium of Lavprers .
Present in the hall are r.anr representatives of the Soviet public, workers
of Moscow: factorios, office workers and ivorll:ers of science and culture.
Attending the trial are ; ublic figures and lawre:cs from various countries.
Amon; them are Snehangshu Kanta lc'harya, lawyer, Secretary General of the All-
Indian Association of :Democratic Lavyers; Ilias Iliu, :~ avjrer, member of the
Greek Parliament; C iri_stian Ila.gens, Danish lawyer; Lionel Dighes, Scottish
lawyer; Horan von Bonsdorf, professor of lave from Finland; Jean Kazalbau, pro-
fessor from France; I.aur'?ce Cornille, Belgian lave;yar; Pau]. iterberg, Canadian
lawyer; William Monteur, Samuel Saf?ir and alexa.nder Anders, Australian public
figures; Konni Zilli.akus, nritish Labor public .figure; Charles Lederman, French
lavTer; Daniel Mayer, French nub7.ic figure, Chairman of the French League of
Human Rightts ; Slimaa ben Slima.n, President of the Tunisian Committee of Strug-
gle for Freedom and Peace; Oginda Odin~a, Vice-President of the African National.
Union of i-enya; Afana Osendi (Cameroon), Secretary of the Afro-Asian Solidarity
Committee; Isabelle Blum (Belgiutu), member of the Presidium of the TJorld Peace
Council; Mario Bariona (Italy), Secretary of the World Feder-t i on of Democratic
Youth; Ilerriann Lc j entz (C;-rile), Secretary of the International Union of Stu-
dents; Salyah Keru, Chairman of a Chamber of the Tunisian Court of Appeals;
Olga Poblete (Chile), Member of the World Peace Council; and Satish Chatterjee
(India), representative of the World Federation of Trade Unions.
Present in the hall are members of the diplomatic corps, a group of tour-
ists from the United States, and delegates of the ;iorld Congress of Oriental-
iats., just held iii 'ioccota.
More than 1i~0 foreign correspoi:deuts from almost 30 countries represent
the largest news agertci.es, nev;snapers and other organs of the press as well as
radio and television. The Soviet press is also widely represented.
Present in the hall are Powers' relatives: his father Oliver, his mother
Ida, his wife Barbara and mother-in-law Nonteen iro*.?ar, attending the trial
together vdth them are Solomon Cury, a friend of ti '`0-amity, and their lav,yers
Paul A. IvIacafee, Frank W. Rogers and Alexander I. Parker.
Exhibited in the hall is material evidence showing Powers to have been
engaged in espionage. The evidence includes aerial photography instruments
and radiotechnical means which had been aboard the Lockheed U-2 plane, a mag-
nstic tape recorder, a parachute, a pressurized suit, a pistol, and a pin with
lethal poison.
At 10:00A.M. the presiding judge, Lt. Gen. of Justice Borisoglebsky, de-
C1.0- d'? ~Pr~ I as4el 9W' ey.T3Cpgl IA75r 004R0004M60Mo$ened 'f T! an r ens the commandant to have the defendant brought in.
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The American spy-pilot is brought into the hall and takes his place in
the dock.
The presiding judge announces that, in accordance with the Criminal Pro-
cedure Code of the Russian Federation, the trial will be conducted in Russian.,
with translation into English. For the benefit of the audience the proceedings
are simultaneously translated into English, French, German and Spanish.
Attending the session as English interpreters of the court are B.E. Belit-
sky and I.A. Adarnov. The court warns the interpreters of their responsibility
for intentionally-incorrect translation.
in reply to questions from the presiding judge, defendant Francis G. Powers
replies that he was born in 1929 in Iirdine, Kentucky, USA. Ire is a profession-
al pilot. Powers says that he received the text of the indictment in English
last Wednesday and the decision to commit him for trial was announced to him.
The presiding judge then establishes who of the witnesses and experts
called to the court are present at the session. The witnesses are invited to
the table. They are drivers V.P. Surin and L.A. Chuzhakin, worker A.i?. Chere-
misin and disabled veteran of vaorld War 11 P.E. Asabin, all of whoa. saw the
U-2 plane when it was shot down by a rocket near Sverdlovsk and who apprehended
the spy.
After the witnesses sign a written statement concerning responsibility for
false testimony and are conducted to the witness room, the presiding judge calls
in the experts: Prof. U.A. lstomin, D.Sc. (Tech.); Colonel N.A. Alexeyev, Colo-
nel of the Engineers R.A. lndreyev; Colonel of the Engineers N.M. Burmistrov-
Zuyev; Lieutenant Colonel of the I?ngineoro Y.V. Tyufilin; Prof. V.I. Prozorovsky,
Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation; and Lieutenant Colonel I.V. Vorosni-
lov.
The court warns the experts that their conclusions should be strictly in
accordance with the circumstances of the case. The experts are warned that they
are responsible before the law for submitting false conclusions.
In accordance with Article 277 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Rus-
sian Federation, the presiding judge explains to Powers his rights under the
law in court. The defendant is entitled to testify in English, to take part in
the court proceedings, to put questions to witnesses, to make statements con-
cerning testimony of witnesses, to put questions to experts for solution, to
submit new evidence, to request new evidence and documents to be included in
the case, to have a lawyer in court and to speak a last word at the end of the
court proceedings.
Powers replied in the affirmative to a question as to whether or not he
understood the rights granted him in court by law.
Then the members of the court, elected by the USSR Supreme Soviet on Feb-
ruary 12, 1957, are announced.
Neither the Procurator General, the lawjer, nor the defendant challenge
the composition of the court as a whole or any members of the court. The de-
fendant Powers does not challenge the Procurator or experts, nor does he reject
his counsel.
After the presiding judge establishes that the Procurator General, the
lawyer and the defendant have no statements or requests to make in connection
with the preliminary proceedings, the court commences with the judicial inquiry.
The secretary of the court, Major of Administrative Service Afanasyev,
reads the indictment on the criminal case of Francis Gary Powers, accused of
committing a crime falling under Article 2 of the Law of the USSR. "On Criminal
Responsibility for State Crimes." (The full text of the indictment was published
in the press on August 10, 1960. See our Press Release No. 393 of August 10.)
The indictment cites Powers' words that he admits his guilt on the sub-
stance of the accusation. He testified, in partiovlar;
"I plead guilty to the fact that I have flown over Soviet territory and
over the points indicated on the chart, turned on and off the necessary controls
of the special equipment mounted aboard my plane. This, I believe, was done
with the aim of collecting intelligence information about the Soviet Union."
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college graduate, pilot of the special reconnaissance detachment 10-10 of the
Central Intelligence Agency of the United States, is charged with having been
recruited in 1956 by the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States,
carrying on active espionage work aga:i.nst the Soviet Union--which is an expres-
sion of the aggressive policy pursued by the United States Government.
On May 1, 1960, Powers, with the knowledge of the United States Government,
on an assignment from the American Intelligence, which in practice implements
the abovementioned aggressive policy, had on a specially equipped Lockheed U-2
reconnaissance plane invaded the airspace of the USSR for the purpose of col-
lecting strategic information on the location of rocket bases, airfields, radar
network and other highly important defense and industrial installations of the
USSR, that is, information constituting a state and military secret of the
Soviet Union, and, having flown more than 2,000 kilometers inside Soviet terri-
tory photographed, by means of special equipment, a number of the abovementioned
installations and recorded signals of radar stations; he also collected other
espionage data.
The crime committed by defendant Francis Gary Powers falls under Article
2 of the USSR Law "On Criminal Responsibility for State Crimes."
After the indictment was read out, the presiding judge, Lt. Gen. of Jus-
tice Borisoglebsky, asked the defendant:
"Defendant Powers, do you understand the charge brought against you?"
POWERS : Yes.
PRESIDING JUDGE: Do you plead guilty of the charge?
POTTERS : Yes, I do.
The court, after a consultation on the spot, decides to begin the hearing
of the case with questioning the defendant, then questioning the witnesses and
hearing the experts' conclusions.
After a brief interval the trial was resumed and the questioning of the
defendant begun.
The Procurator General of the USSR, R.A. Rudenko, put questions to the
defendant regarding the preparation and carrying out of the spy flight over the
territory of the USSR by Powers.
RUDENKO: Defendant Powers, when did you get the assignment to fly over the
territory of the Soviet Union?
POWERS: On the morning of May 1.
RUDENKO: From whom did you get that assignment?
POWERS: From the commander of my detachment.
RUDENKO: Who is the commander of this detachment?
PO4' ERS: Colonel Shelton.
RUDEINKO: Where is this detachment located?
POW RS: It is located in Adana, Turkey.
RUDENKO: Where did you get the assignment to fly to the Soviet Union?
POWERS: In Peshawar, Pakistan.
RUDENKO: When did you arrive in Peshawar?
POWERS: I don't remember the exact date. It was a few days before the
flight, four or five days.
RUDENKO: That means in the latter part of April?
POWERS: Yes, in the latter part of April.
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Powers replied that he arrived on a cargo aircraft with some 20 people and
the commanding officer Shelton and admitted that the plane was only to deliver
the people to the airfield ( a special trip in connection with preparations for
the flight to the Soviet Union), that it took off for Peshawar (Pakistan) from
Adana (Turkey) ~w.ith but one landing for refueling somewhere along the route. It
might have been Bahrein. The airfield was serviced by British personnel but he
couldn't say whether or not it was a British base. To Rudenko's question, he re-
plied that the U-2 plane had been brought to the Peshawar airfield the night be-.
fore, April 30.
In reply to questions put by the Procurator, defendant Powers stated that
the U-2 plane which he had flown was a special high-altitude aircraft prepared
and designed to fly at very high altitudes. He tried to evade answering directly
whether or not it was a reconnaissance military plane, but finally was compelled
to admit that the plane belonged to the 10-10 detachment.
RUDENKO: Was this a military detachment?
POWERS: Yes, it was commended by military personnel, but the main part of
the personnel were civilians.
Powers confessed that the plane on which he flew was without identifica-
tion marks.
The procurator turned to questions concerning the flight of the U.S. spy
plane over the territorw- of the USSR. Defendant Powers said that he presently
did not remember the. exact information about the flight, but he did remember
that he flew directly from the Peshawar airfield to the Soviet border, which
he crossed half an hour after take-off. The maximum height of the flight was
68,000 feet (more than 20 kilometers).
RUDMRKO: What did Colonel Shelton tell you about the safety of flights at
such an altitude?
POIT14 S: I was told that flying at such an altitude over the Soviet Union
was absolutely safe and that anti-aircraft means would not reach me.
Powers went on to say that he had been instructed to fly at the designated
altitude and along the designated route, turning switches on and off at desig-
nated points.
At the request of the Procurator General, Powers was shoUn his flight map.
The defendant declared that all the route points were marked on this map. One
of them was east of the Aral Sea, another, to the northwest of Chelyabinsk.
One point was on the way to the city of Kirov, and another--beyond it. There
were points not far from Archangel, near the island of Solo, close to Kongoma,
at Kandalal:sha, and north and south of Murmansk.
RUDENKO: ghat was the destination of the flight?
POWTERS: I was to land at Bodoe (Norway).
It was also established during the questioning that Powers had a reserve
route in case of an accident. Routes were also mapped out to the nearest air-
fields and the shortest U y to them was indicated. The defendant said that he
had been told that in case of an accident any airfield outside the Soviet Union
would be better than one inside the Soviet Union. In case of an accident he
could land at an airfield in Sweden or in Finland. He was told that a repre-
sentative of the detachment would meet him in 3odoe.
RUDENKO: By what means were you to come into contact with the Bodoe base
in Norway before landing?
POLE1 S: I would have called on the radio and given my call signal which was
Puppy-68 and ask for landing instructions.
During the interrogation it grew clear that Pourers followed the mapped-out
route almost exactly.
RUDENKO: How did you feel at the time of the flight?
POvJERS: I felt all right, but 1 was nervous. I was afraid.
RUDENKO: What were you afraid of?
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Union. This was soraet,hing I wouldn't want to do every day.
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The State Prosecutor then asked a number of questions concerning the way
the pilot used the special intelligence aerial photography installations:
Powers tried to pretend that he had no idea of their desi,nation. However, as
a result of additional questions by the Procurator he was compelled to admit
the real, spying designation of the installations and admitted the intelligence
purpose of the flight over the Soviet Union.
RUDENKO: You stated here, and during the preliminary interrogation as well,
that you turned switches on and off at definite points.
POWERS: I did what I was told to.
RUDENKO: Not knowing about the special installations?
POWERS: I never saw those special installations.
RUDENKO: You could have just as well pressed a lever and released an atoi,de
bomb?
POWERS: It could be done, only this type of plane doesn't have a bomb car-
riage.
These words uttered by Pourers with surprising coolness and evoked indig-
nation in the hall.
During the interrogation it was confirmed that the bosses ,ho sent Powers
off on a spy flight provided their hireling with all the equipment required in
case of an accident and with all the necessary instructions. The spy pilot
had been ordered not only to destroy the plane in case of a forced landing on
the territory of the USSR., but himself also, to use the deadly poison care-
fully prepared by the same notorious 1-ir. Shelton, whose identity as the trial
goes on is becoming more clear as a zealous executor of the Pentagon's ti-,ill.
The questioning grew sharper and sharper. Rudenko, the State Prosecutor,
posed precise, clear-cut questions, helping the court to -fully establish the
guilt of Powers and those who stood behind him--who hypocritically spoke about
peace while in deed proclaiming espionage a state policy.
Replying to a question by the Procurator, Pourers explained to the court
under what circumstances he made a contract -vrith the Central intelligence
Agency. Wrlhen he was serving in the Army Air Force, some people offered him a
well-paid job. Powers was told that he would have to go through appropriate
training, that he would be separated from this family acid would stay overseas
for about 18 months. The defendant said that he liked the idea of flying for
big pay. He said that he was ready to be separated from his family and to
leave home. He was told hat was required of him.
RUDENKO: When did this happen?
POET BURS: In 1956.
Powers later, was told that he would receive w2,500 a month and that his
main task was to make flights along the borders of the Soviet Union with the
object of picking up all radio or radar information. He was also told that
there might be other assignments as well.
Powers went on to tell the court that the military base in Adana, where t
the 10-10 detachment was stationed, was commanded by an American. The base
was visited by General White and General Evers (comr.ianding officer of the U.S.
Air Force in Europe) by congressmen and even Cardinal Spellman.
The military command adopted special measures to hide the real nature of
"work" of the detachment in which Powers served. In particular, the accused
had two certificates, one issued by the U.S. Defense Department, and the other,
in the name of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (iIASA). Powers
admitted that tt7ese certificates gave him the right to fly military aircraft
and simultaneously to screen the intelligence work of the detachment.
The morning session ended at this point.
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At the afternoon session of August 17, the State Prosecutor continued
questioning the American spy. The true picture of the way the spy flight of
the American military plane had been prepared and carried out became increas-
ingly clear to the audience in the hail, as did the fact that the U.S. ruling
circles were exerting every effort to increase international tensions, that
the spy flights of American planes over Soviet territory were the calculated
policy of the U.S. Government which was violating the standards of interna-
tional law and the lofty principles of the UN Charter under which the signa-
ture of the United States of America is also affixed.
Powers confessed that prior to his ill-fated invasion into the air
space of the USSR he really had completed several flights along the southern
borders of the Soviet Union with special equipment aboard his plane. Those
who sent Powers on these missions were i,iost of all interested in the Black Sea
area and, as Powers stated, in rocket launchings. The defendant said that dur-
ing these flights too he turned certain switches in the plane on and off.
RUDENKO: The same way you turned them on and off at the time of the flight
on May 1?
POW,TERS: Yes, exactly the same way.
The State Prosecutor asked him whether other pilots of the 10-10 detach-
ment made flights of this kind. Powers replied that assignments were distribu-
ted quite evenly among the pilots.
Powers' replies revealed with all obviousness the unseemly role of the
Governments of Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Norway and the Federal Republic of
Germany which obsequiously offered the territories of their countries for the
implementation of the aggressive plans of the United States. Powers enumera-
ted the airfields he had landed on in a reconnaissance plane and those which
were named as reserve airfields. The State Prosecutor had no more questions
to ask in the meantime.
The defendant was asked several questions by his defense counsel. They
concerned Powerst personal history, his family, property status, etc. The
lawyer then turned to Powers' work in the Central Intelligence Agency.
DEF'ENSE COUNSEL GRINYOV : Why, according to your words, do you now regret
prolonging the contract?
POV1ELS: Because the situation I'm in at present isn't very good. I heard
that my flight, unfortunately, helped wreck the Summit Meeting. The result
was that international tensions increased. I'm sincerely sorry that I had
something to do with this.
This notable admission by a repenting American spy unmasks the U.S. im-
perialists, shows them up before everyone as enemies of peace and the friend-
ship of nations, as adventurers criminally violating the rules of international
law. It is not accidental that the Soviet people, that world public opinion
evaluated these provocative actions of the aggressors as a direct threat to
universal peace.
The defense counsel then asked Powers how the Soviet people treated him
when he was arrested and afterward.
POWdEaRS: Far better than I expected. Apparently they didn't take me for a
foreigner when they first saw me. When I landed, they helped me flatten the
parachute and remove ray helmet. But after realizing that they were dealing
with a foreigner, they arrested rie. As I was driven to the local authorities,
I asked for a drink on the w,y. They stopped the car and gave me a drink of
water. I was also offered cigarettes. !hen they brought me to the place--
I don't know the name of the office where the authorities were--I complained
about a headache because I bumped my head when my plane was shot down. A
doctor was called in and he gave me the necessary attention. I was later
taken away to Sverdlovsk, and from there here. I was treated very well all
this time,
The first day of the trial of U.S. pilot Francis Powers, accused of making
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brought against him. The court is making a detailed investigation of all the
circumstances of the crime committed by Powers. It is reconstructing the true
picture of the way the American imperialists prepared and carried out this ag-
gressive act against the Soviet Union. The progress of the court proceedings
refutes with all obviousness the attempts of the reactionary bourgeois press
to whitewash the U.S. Government of the responsibility for Powers? criminal
actions, to slur over the essence of the case, droim the voice of the court
with anti-Soviet cries, and to deceive its own people. The Powers'case rises
before all honest people of the world as a stern indictment against the imperi-
alist warmongers.
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EMBASSY OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
Press Department
1706 18th Street, N.W.
+r _ _ 9 n
Washington 9, D. C.
20 196G
In the court proceedings which took place on August 18, after the
questioning by the defense counsel, Prosecutor Gneral of the USSR Ronan A.
Rudenko asked the defendant cone additional questions. A nunber of questions
were put to the defendant by Lieutenant General of the Judiciary Victor V.
Borisoglebsky, Chairman of the Military Collegiun of the Supreme Court of the
USSR and Monber: of the Court (People's Assessors) Major General of the Air
Force A.T. Zakharov arrtd Major General of the Artillery D.Z. Vorobyev.
CHAIRMAN OF THE COURT V. V. BORISOGLEBSKY: Defendant Potirers, are you re-
pentant for what you have done?
POWERS: Yes, very much so.
The court then heard the testimony of the witnesses.
The trial is continuing to evoke tremendous interest on the part of the
Soviet public and representatives of other states. As on the previous even-
ing, the wor.cer: of enterprises of the capital, representatives of the intel-
ligentsia, diplomats, public figures and jurists of zany lands are present
in the Hall of Colunns of tine Trade Union House, where the sessions of the
court are taking place. The places for representatives of the Soviet and
foreign press are all occupied.
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ApprOLy %X J1t1atRg JJ6W1 a' Sl J8-e1% JJ REPUBLICS 10-7
Press Department
1706 16th Street, N.W.
No. 413
Washington 9, D. C.
August 20, 1960
At the morning session of the Military Colle;ium of the Supreme Court,
held on August 10, in connection with the Powers case, Defense Counsel Mikhail
Grinyov continued to question the defendant. The laU ,her wanted to know if
Powers, when he signed his contract with the Centrr.1 Intelligence Agency, knew
that he would have to fly over Soviet territory. The defendant replied that
he did not know this and that he learned of it for the first tine six or seven
months after the contract was signed. Powers said that it was then that he
was told that flights over the cerri.tory of the USS i, are part of 'bur duties."
In reply to a qucstion by Grinyov as to what Colonel Shelton had told
Powers concretely about the safety of fli?;hts over the USSR, Powers testified
that he had been told such flights were absolutely safe. The only til_ ng that
could happen was the technical failing of the plane.
Grinyov asked Powers viiether he had ever before been given a poisoned pin,
to urhic;h Powers replied that this was the first time. Li reply to Grinyov's
question as, to whether Colonel Shelton had sh.o,rm him how to use the pin,
Powers answered in the affir:.:at-ive. 'Tith this Grix~yov elided his questioning
of the defendant.
Then the State Prosecutor, the Prosecutor General of the USSR Roman A.
Rudenko, continued to question the defendant.
In reply to the question as to who had given hi-Ms permission to land his
U-2 plane in Peshawar in 1.959, Powers re,21ied that he had been given this per-
mission by the local authorities. The Prosecutor declared that the Pakistani
authorities knew about Porkers' flight in 1951.', to which Powers reipli :d that
"I suppose such was the case."
Defendant Powers testified that a special. re ime had been established at
the base of the 10-10 detachment in Peshal,,r in 1)59 and 1960. "Ile were not
permitted to leave the base," Powers said. The reason for this, he thought,
was that the U-2 planes and the apparatus they carried were secret.
In reply to the -Iro3ccutor General's next question Powers admitted that
by flying over the airspace of Afghanistan he had violated the sovereignty
of that state. From Powers' testimony it was evident that he did not have
permission from the states over whose territories he flew for the flights he
made over them. Powers stated that he assumed no permission had been received
for the flight over the territory of the bSSP... Potters said that this is con-
firmed by the fact that ho was now on trial.
Replying to the questions of Prosecutor General Puden