FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1972

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 125
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 17, 2001
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: April 20, 1972
• Content Type: REPORT

Approv
FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZATION
ACT OF 1972
REPORT
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
UNITED STATES SENATE
TOGETHER WITH ADDITIONAL VIEWS
S. 3526
TO PROVIDE AUTHORIZATIONS FOR CERTAIN AGEN-
CIES CONDUCTING THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE
UNITED STATES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
APRIL, 20, 1972.-Ordered to be printed
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1972
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price bw
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 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
J. W. FULBRIGHT, Arkansas, Chairman
JOHN SPARKMAN, Alabama
MIKE MANSFIELD, Montana
FRANK CHURCH, Idaho
STUART SYMINGTON, Missouri
CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island
GALE W. McGEE, Wyoming
EDMUND S. MUSKIE, Maine
WILLIAM B. SPONG, JR., Virginia
GEORGE D. AIKEN, Vermont
CLIFFORD P. CASE, New Jersey
JOHN SHERMAN COOPER, Kentucky
JACOB K. JAVITS, New York
HUGH SCOTT, Pennsylvania
JAMES B. PEARSON, Kansas
CHARLES H. PERCY, Illinois
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CONTENTS
Authorization of appropriations_____________________________________ 1
Other provisions of the bill_________________________________________ 2
Background------------------------------------------------------ 3
Committee action------------------------------------------------- 4
Committee comments______________________________________________ 6
+ Section-by-section analysis:
Title I. Department of State____________________________________ 14
Sec. 101(a) (1) Administration of Foreign Affairs---------------- 14
Salaries and expenses ($250,820,000)____________________ 15
Representation allowance ($993,000) --------------------- 17
Acquisition and maintenance of buildings abroad ($27,-
127,000)-------------------------------------------- 18
Acquisition and maintenance of buildings abroad (Special
foreign currency program ($6,455,000) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20
Emergencies in the diplomatic and consular service ($2,100,-
000)----------------------------------------------- 21
Payments to the foreign service retirement and disability
fund ($1,958,000) ----------------------------------- 22
General comments of the Committee on the State Depart-
ment authorization__________________________________ 22
Sec. 101(a) (2) International organizations and conferences ------ 24
__ 24
International organizations ($180,900,000)______________
Committee comments on International organizations------- 27
Missions to international organizations ($4,863,000) -------- 28
International conferences and contingencies (2,500,000) _ - _ _ 29
Sec. 101(a) (3) International commissions ($18,226,000) -------- 30
See. 101(a) (4) Educational Exchange ($59,200,000) ------------ 35
Mutual educational and cultural exchange activities ($52,400,000) - 35
Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange between East
and West ($6,800,000) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40
Sec. 101 (a) (5) Migration and refugee assistance ($8,212,000) _ _ _ _ 41
Sec. 101(b) Authorization of assistance for Soviet Refugees
($85,000,000) ------------------------------------------- 41
A See. 101(c) Availability of funds_____________________________ 42
Sec. 102 Limitation upon prior authorization requirement------ 42
Sec. 103 Deputy Secretary, Bureaus of North American and South
American Affairs---------------------------------------- 42
Sec. 104 Executive Schedule Pay Rates______________________ 43
Sec. 105 Retirement annuities for certain aliens --------------- 44
Sec. 106 Military Personnel and Civilain Employees' Claims Act
of 1964------------------------------------------------- 45
Sec. 107 Retirement from Foreign Service -------------------- 47
Sec. 108 Recommendations for Promotion -------------------- 47
Sec. 109 Foreign Service Grievances_________________________ 48
Sec. 110 Ambassadors and Ministers------------------------- 50
Title II. United States Information Agency_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51
Committee comments______________________________________ 51
Sec. 201 Authorization of Appropriations --------------------- 57
See. 201(a)(1)(A) Radio activities____________________________ 60
See. 201 (a) (1) (B) Motion picture and television activities------- 64
Sec. 201(a) (1) (C) Press and Publications activities------------- 66
Sec. 201 (a) (1) (D) Centers and related activities--------------- 69
Sec. 201(a) (1) (E) Program direction and general support, share
administrative expenses, and research and assessment -------- 72
See. 201 (a) (2) Special foreign currency program --------------- 76
Sec. 201 (a) (3) Special international exhibitions---------------- 77
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IV
Section-by-section analysis-Continued
Title II-Continued
Page
Sec. 201 (a) (4) Acquisition and construction of radio facilities_-_-
79
Sec. 202 Providing certain basic authorities-------- --- ------
79
See. 203 Limitation upon prior authorization requirement-_-----
82
Sec. 204 Dissemination of Information within the United States-
82
Sec. 205 Restriction on preparation and dissemination of infor-
mation-------------------- - --------
Titl
III
A
C
85
e
.
rms
ontrol and Disarmament A enc (ACDA) Sec. 301 Authorization of appropriations------------ -________
86
Committee comments-------- _-- _ ---------------------------
89
Sec. 302 Seismic research--_ -- -----
90
Title IV. Peace Corps -------- ------------------------------- _-
92
Sec. 401 Authorization of appropriations ---------------------
92
Sec. 402 Voluntary service programs---------- -----
96
Sec. 403 National Advisor} Council----------------------------
97
Sec. 404 Authorization of excess foreign currencies --- _ _
97
Title V. General and Miscellaneous Provisions ----------
97
Sec. 501 Certain additional authorizations of appropriations----
97
Sec. 502 Expression of individual views to Congress ---
97
Sec. 503 Repeal of Rhodesian Sanctions Provisions
97
Sec. 504 Personnel reduction------------------ _
98
See. 505 l'nited Nations Headquarters construction--_ -
99
Sec. 506 Use of foreign currencies ----------------_--------_
99
Title VI. Study Commission Relating to Foreign Policy -------- -_---
100
Sec. 601 Findings and purpose ---------------------
100
Scc. 602 Commission on the Organization of the Government for
the Conduct of Foreign Policy-- --------------------------
101
Sec. 603 Duties of the Commission.- _ _ _ _ -
101
Sec. 604 Powers of the Commission ---------------------------
102
Sec. 605 Staff of the Commission-- -------------- __--- -----
102
Sec. 606 Expenses of the Commission ------------ ---------
103
Title VII. Termination of hostilities in Indochina------------------
103
Cost estimates ---------------------------------------- ------------
104
Changes in existing law--------------------------------------- -------
106
Additional views of Senator Spong-----------------------------------
121
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Calendar No. 724
92D CONGRESS SENATE I REPORT
2d Session No. 92-754
FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1972
APRIL 20, 1972.-Ordered to be printed
Mr. FULBRIGHT, from the Committee on Foreign Relations,
submitted the following
REPORT
together with
ADDITIONAL VIEWS
[To accompany S. 3526]
The Committee on Foreign Relations, having had under considera-
tion the authorization for fiscal year 1973 for certain agencies, reports
the bill (S. 3526), to provide authorizations for certain agencies
conducting the foreign relations of the United States, and for other
purposes, and recommends that it do pass.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
The bill authorizes appropriations for the Department of State, the
United States Information Agency, the Arms Control and Disarma-
ment Agency, and the Peace Corps as shown in the following table:
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FOREIGN ASSISTANCE AUTHORIZATIONS. INCLUDING STATE DEPARTMENT, USIA, ACDA, AND PEACE CORPS
Authorization
Appropriation, requested, Committee
fiscal year 1972 fiscal year 1973 action
TITLE I-DEPARTMENT OF STATE
1) Administration of foreign affairs___________________________ $275,401,000 $289, 453, 000 $289,453,000
(2) International organizations and conferences_________________ 159,782,000 188,263,000 188,263,000
(3) International commissions ----- ---------------------------- 14,050,000 18,226,000 18,226,000
(4) Educational exchange ------------------------------------ 46,130,000 59,200,000 59,200,000
(5) Migration and refugee assistance, general ------------------- 8,690,000 8,212,000 8,212,000
Refugees from U.S.S.R----------------------------------------------- ---------------- 85,000,000
Total, Department ofState ---------------------------- 504,053,000 563,354,000 648354,000
TITLE II---U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY
(1) Salaries and expenses:
(a) Radio activities_______________ 150,754,000 52,122,000 36,485,000
(b) Motion picture and television activities------------- 116 , 150, 000 15, 928, 000 11,150,000
(c) Press and publication activities____________________ 128,334,000 25, 592, 000 17,914,000
(d) Centers and related activities___________ ___ __ __ 133,529,000 29,623,000 29,623,000
(e) Program direction and general support, shared ad- -
ministrative expenses, and research and assess-
ment___ _ __------------------------- 162,582,000 58,448,000 40,914,000
Total, salaries and expenses ---------------- _ 179,000,000 181,713,000 136,086,000
(2) Salaries and expenses (foreign currency) ---- ---- _---- 13,000,000 12,500,000 12,500,000
(3) Special international exhibitions_____ 3,706,000 5,036,000 5,036,000
(4) Acquisition and construction of radio facilities____________ 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000
Total, U.S. lnfornsstinn Agency------------------------- 196,806,000 200,249,000 154622,000
TITLE III-ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
General_______ --------------- -------------------------- 9,000,000 222,000,000 31,995,000
Seismic research--------------------------------------------------------------------------- (9,995,000)
TITLE IV-PEACE CORPS 77,000,000
General -----------------------------------------------------------
Excess foreign currencies___________________________________ 372,000,000 (4) 5,000,000
Total, State,USIA,ACDA, Peace Corps ------------------ 781,859,000 5 785, 603, 000 916,971,000
1 These figures include a total of $13,000,000 in foreign currency.'No figures are available in dollars only for these activ-
ities in fiscal year 1972.
2 Authorization request is for 2 fiscal years: fiscal year 1973 and fiscal year 1974.
3 In addition, $2,600,000 in foreign aid funds (technical assistance) was transferred to ACTION by AID on Mar. 20,1972,
for support of Peace Corps activities in fiscal year 1972.
4 The request is for a permanent authorization of such sums as may be necessary." The appropriation request for fiscal
year 1973 is for $88,027,000.
3 Does not include the appropriation request for the Peace Corps.
In addition to the authorization of appropriations, the bill contains
It number of other provisions.
1. It transfers the principal responsibility for seismic research
from the Department of Defense to the Arms Control and Disarma-
ment Agency.
2. It creates a commission to make a long-range, in-depth study of
the governmental mechanisms and programs for the making and con-
duct of foreign policy.
3. It requires a 10% cutback within the next fiscal year of the num-
ber of U.S. Government personnel of certain agencies who are sta-
tioned abroad.
4. It prohibits distribution of U.S. Information Agency materials
to the U.S. public.
5. It prohibits propaganda activity in behalf of foreign governments
by U.S. agencies and requires attribution of all government informa-
tion prepared for distribution abroad.
6. It establishes a grievance procedure for Foreign Service personnel.
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7. It requires that promotion within the Foreign Service be based
on individual merit as determined by impartial selection boards.
8. It repeals the provision in the Strategic and Critical Materials
Stock Piling Act, as amended, allowing the importation of chromium
ore from Rhodesia in violation of a U.N. Security Council decision.
9. It establishes a Bureau of North American Affairs and a Bureau
of South American Affairs in the Department of State.
10. It requires Senate approval of persons given the personal rank
of ambassador or minister.
11. It encourages more candid testimony to Congressional commit-
tees by witnesses from the foreign affairs agencies.
12. It prohibits the use of funds for the purpose of maintaining or
supporting U.S. forces in hostilities in Indochina after December 31,
1972, subject to an agreement for the release of prisoners of war.
BACKGROUND
Until enactment of Public Law 92-226, the Department of State
and the United States. Information Agency (USIA) operated under a
permanent authorization of appropriation. Public Law 92-226, ap-
proved February 7, 1972, calls for periodic authorizations of appropria-
tions for the Department of State and USIA in order to .assist the
Congress in carrying out its legislative review functions. It provided in
Section 401(b) that-
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no appro-
priation shall be made to the Department of State under any
law for any fiscal year commencing on or after July 1, 1972,
unless previously authorized by legislation hereafter enacted
by the Congress.
and in section 401(d) that-
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no appropria-
tion shall be made to the Secretary of State, or to any Gov-
ernment agency authorized to administer the provisions of
this Act, under any law for any fiscal year commencing on or
after July 1, 1972, unless previously authorized by legislation
enacted by the Congress after the date of enactment of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1971.
The rationale for requiring periodic authorization for both the
State Department and USIA was stated in the Committee report
(S. Rept. 92-432) in these words:
A principal objective of the Legislative Reorganization
Act of 1946, as amended, is to ensure more effective oversight
and review by Congress of Executive Branch departments
and agencies. Section 136 of the Act states that ". . each
Standing Committee of the Senate shall review and study,
on a continuing basis, the application, administration, and
execution of those laws, or parts of laws, the subject matter
of which is within the jurisdiction of that Committee." This
section further requires that after January 1, 1973, each
Standing Committee must report biennially to the Senate
on its legislative review activities.
The Committee on Foreign Relations has legislative juris-
diction over the operations of both the Department of State
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and the United States Information Agency. Thus, requiring
annual authorization for both will enable the Committee
to carry out its oversight functions more effectively. It
would also make both State and the USIA more responsive
to the Committee and Congress. Much improvement is
needed in this respect.
Pursuant to these provisions, the Senate on February 29, 1972,
received from the Acting Secretary of State and the Director of
USIA drafts of proposed legislation to authorize appropriations for
the Department of State and for the USIA. Previously, on February
14, 1972, a message had been received from the President relating to
the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) authorization
and subsequently on March 21 a communication was received from
the Director of ACTION relative to authorizations for the Peace
Corps, VISTA, and other programs, which was referred jointly to
the Foreign Relations and Labor and Public Welfare Committees,
which have decided to deal separately with the international and
domestic operations of ACTION.
A series of hearings on these various authorization requests was
scheduled during March and early April, as follows:
ON THE STATE DEPARTMENT AUTHORIZATION
Mar. 8, 1972---------- Secretary of State William P. Rogers and
William B. Macomber, Jr., Deputy Under
Secretary for Management.
Mar. 9, 1972 (a.m.)---- Martin J. Hillenbrand, Assistant Secretary
for European Affairs; William B. Macom-
ber, Jr., Deputy Under Secretary for
Management; and Winthrop G. Brown,
Acting Assistant Secretary for East Asian
and Pacific Affairs.
Mar. 9, 1972 (p.m.)____ Charles A. Meyer, Assistant Secretary for
Inter-American Affairs; Joseph J. Sisco,
Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern and
South Asian Affairs; David D. Newsom,
Assistant Secretary for African Affairs;
and William B. Macomber, Jr., Deputy
Under Secretary for Management.
Mar. 10, 1972 (a.m.)___ Samuel De Palma, Assistant Secretary for
International Organization Affairs; John
Richardson, Jr., Assistant Secretary for
Educational and Cultural Affairs.
Mar. 10, 1972 (p.m.) Willis C. Armstrong, Assistant Secretary for
Economic Affairs; Ronald I. Spiers, Di-
rector, Bureau of Politico-Military Af-
fairs; and Ray S. Cline, Director, Bureau
of Intelligence and Research; and William
B. Macomber, Jr., Deputy Under Secre-
tary for Management.
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ON THE ACDA AUTHORIZATION (S. 3200)
Mar. 16, 1972 --------- Gerard C. Smith, Director; Philip J. Farley,
Deputy Director; and Sanford Menter,
Executive Director, all of Arms Control
and Disarmament Agency; Joseph S.
Clark, Coalition on National Priorities
and Military Policy and Its Task-Force
on Arms Control and Disarmament;
and Adrian S. Fisher, Arms Control
Association.
Mar. 20, 1972--------- Frank Shakespeare, USIA Director.
Mar. 21, 1972--------- Jay W. Gildner, Assistant Director, West
Europe, and Kempton B. Jenkins, Assist-
ant Director, Soviet Union and Eastern
Europe.
Mar. 21, 1972--------- Assistant Directors of USIA: Leslie A.
Squires, South Asia; Kent Crane, East
Asia/Pacific; Darrell C. Carter, Latin
America; Michael Pistor, Near East and
North Africa; Gordon Winkler, Africa;
and Ben Posner, Administration.
Mar. 23, 1972 --------- Assistant Directors of USIA : Kenneth R.
Giddens, Voice of America; Bruce Hers-
chensohn, Screen Services; an Henry
Loomis, Deputy Director.
Mar. 23, 1972_________ Assistant Directors of USIA : Harold F.
Schneidman, Information Center Service;
Lyle D. Compann, Press and Publica-
tions; Ben Posner, Administration; and
Deputy Director, Henry Loomis.
Mar. 23, 1972--------- American Foreign Service Association mem-
bers: William C. Harrop, F. Allen Harris,
Thomas D.' Boyatt, and Mrs. Barbara
J. Good; and Leo Albert of Association
of American Publishers.
Apr. 7, 1972---------- Joseph H. Blatchf ord, Director of
ACTION; and Thomas Scanlon, a former
Peace Corps Volunteer.
In addition, the Committee on Foreign Relations has had referred
to it the following measures related to these agencies:
A request, February 11, 1971, from the State Department for
legislation to lower the mandatory retirement age for career
ministers (S. 999) ;
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A request, February 29, 1972, from the State Department for
legislation to strengthen and improve its organization (S. 3321) ;
A request, March 6, 1972, from USIA for certain basic authority
(point-of-order legislation) ;
S. 2659, a bill to provide for a procedure to investigate and
render decisions and recommendations with respect to grievances
and appeals of employees of the Foreign Service;
S. 3142, a bill to authorize the Secretary of State to furnish
assistance for the resettlement of Soviet Jewish refugees in Israel;
and
S. 3308, a bill to provide that the Peace Corps may use foreign
currencies during fiscal year 1972 for its expenses in foreign
countries.
The hearings on these measures have been printed in separate
volumes as follows: Department of State Appropriations Authoriza-
tion, FY 1973; .USIA Appropriations Authorization, FY 1973; Peace
Corps Appropriation Authorizations, FY 1973; Arms Control and
Disarmament Act Amendments; and U.S. Foreign Service Grievance
and Appeals Procedures.
The above measures, together with certain other related measures
and amendments proposed by Senators were combined with the pro-
posed authorization to afford the Committee and the Senate a more
complete overview of operations of the foreign affairs agencies of the
Executive Branch.
The Committee proceeded to mark up the omnibus measure on
April 10, 11, 12, 13, and 17, 1972 and on April 17 voted to report the
bill favorably to the Senate by a vote of 15 to 0. Voting in the affirma-
tive were Senators Fulbright, Sparkman, Mansfield, Church,
Symington, Pell, McGee, Muskie, Spong, Aiken, Case, Cooper, Javits,
Scott, and Percy.
COMMITTEE COMMENTS
The Committee undertook this new responsibility to authorizes
periodic appropriations for the Department of State and the United
States Information Agency in order to carry out more effectively its
oversight responsibilities under the Legislative Reorganization Act and
to make the Department and the Agency more responsive to Congress.
The Committee believes that the first objective has been well served.
As to the second, the results cannot yet be evaluated with precision.
But the results thus far are not encouraging. For example, the Com-
mittee was refused access to the U.S. Information Agency's "Country
Program Memoranda" by the President, who invoked executive
privilege as a justification for refusing to provide the documents. This
is discussed in more detail in the section relating to the USIA. On
the whole, however, the Committee believes that the exercise has
been a beneficial one for both the Congress and the Executive Branch.
The principal focus of the hearings on the authorization requests
was in developing information on the nature, size and cost of the
governmental machinery for the making and conduct of foreign
policy. The process has been educational but disturbing. The results
of the Committee's study this year make it apparent that the present
foreign policy machinery does not serve the Executive Branch, Con-
gress, or the public, which pays the bills. The Committee has con-
csluded that, since the problem of creating a more effective system
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for the making and conduct of foreign policy cuts across so many lines
within both the Executive Branch and the Congress, the only effective
approach is through a high-level study commission. The proposal for
such a study commission was made to the Committee through the
joint, bipartisan efforts of Senators Fulbright and Aiken. Senator
Aiken had served on the original Hoover Commission and his co-
sponsor of the proposal was particularly reassuring with respect to
the need for such a study commission at this time. The Committee
adopted the Fulbright-Aiken proposal unanimously.
In the period since World War II the number of agencies involved
in foreign policy matters has proliferated greatly. Of the 21,814 U.S.
civilian employees serving overseas on December 31, 1971, only 3,409
are engaged in regular State Department activities. The activities
abroad of a number of the agencies with deep involvement in foreign
policy, such as the CIA and the Department of Defense, are carried
on without effective Congressional oversight or control from the
standpoint of their impact on foreign policy. The tables below illustrate
the multiplicity of agencies with representation abroad. The personnel
of each agency are, on paper, under the jurisdiction of the local U.S.
Ambassador. In practice, however, this is but a thin fiction.
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United
States Foreign
United
States Foreign
American Battle Monuments
GSA:
Commission:
Germany-------------- ----- 2 ----------
Belgium 4 37
Japan---------------- ----- 1 I
France ----------------- _ . 22 173
Ryukyus----------- ----- 4 1
Italy--- ----------------- 4 39
Philippines ------------ _I ----------
Luxembourg ----------- __- 2 10
Vietnam -----_________._____ 2 1
Mexico- ------------------ 1 2
Netherlands_________________ 2 19
Total-------------------- 10 3
Philippines ------------ ----- 2 44
HUD: France --------------------- 1 ----------
Tunisia --------------------- 2 10
United Kingdom .------------- 2 14
Interior:
AEC:
Belgium - ------------ --- 5 ----------
Belgium ------------------ 3 --------
Germany-------------------- I ----------
Japan -------------------- 3 1
Total --------------------- 7 1
Brazil__------------------- I ---------
Labor: Ryukyus__________________ 3 -_ -------
France--------------------- 3 ----------
National Science Foundation:
Japan -- ------------------- 3 ----------
Japan -3 2
United Kingdom-------------- 2 ----------
----------
Total - --------------- ----- 14 0
Environmental Protection Agency:
Japan--------------------- 5 ---------
TVA: Sweden------------------- I -----------
Switzerland ------------------ 3 ----------
Export-Import Bank:
Total ----------------- . 4 ---------
Austria -------------------- I
VA: Philippines___________ ______ 22 275
Hong Kong ------------ ----- 1
In addition to the civilian agency personnel listed, as of Septem-
ber 30, 1971, there were 3,210 people from the Defense Department
abroad serving as military attaches or connected with military aid
programs. The proliferation of activities abroad by other agencies is
illustrated also by overseas spending. Of the $6,021,635,000 spent
:abroad by U.S. Government agencies in FY 1971, only $153,577,000,
or two percent, was attributable to the Department of State. This is
shown on the table below:
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Report on overseas expenditures, fiscal year 1971
[In thousands of dollars]
World-Wide Summary
U.S. dollars
Agency for International Development---------------------------
91, 938
Agriculture, Department of-------------------------------------
5, 218
American Battle Monuments Commission------------------------
483
Atomic Energy Commission-------------------------------------
8,579
Civil Service Commission---------------------------------------
22,654
Commerce, Department of__________________________________ _ _ _
4, 666
Defense, Department of----------------------------------------
4,811,600
Export-Import Bank of Washington-----------------------------
4, 899
General Services Administration---------------------------------
197
Education and Welfare, Department of-------------------
Health
273, 879
,
Department of________________________________________
Interior
46, 809
,
Department of-----------------------------------------
Justice
3,860
,
Department of__________________________________________
Labor
1,160
,
Library of Congress --------------------------------------------
145
National Aeronautics and Space Administration--------------------
22,704
National Science Foundation------------------------------------
2,561
Panama Canal------------------------------------------------
53,385
Peace Corps--------------------------------------------------
14,842
Post Office Department----------------------------------------
29,378
Railroad Retirement Board-------------------------------------
13,097
State, Department of------------------------------------------
153,577
Tennessee Valley Authority_____________
11,848
Trasnportation, Department of----------------------------------
13,503
Department of---------------------------------------
Treasury
2,013
,
United States Information Agency-------------------------------
33,352
Veterans Administration-----------------------------------------
76,888
Subtotal
------------------------- -- --
5,708,235
-------------
Expenditures of certain foreign currency which was purchased with
dollars from Commercial sources other than the Department of
Defense---------------------------------------------------- +313,400
Total-------------------------------------------------- 6,021,635
Source: Department of State.
The Committee recommendation for creation of the Commission
would have the Congress make the following statement concerning
this state of affairs:
The Congress finds that during the last quarter of a century
there has been a proliferation of agencies of the United
States Government with respect to the formulation, man-
agement, and conduct of, and the collection of information
relating to, the Nation's foreign policy. This proliferation has
resulted in the diminution of both the President's and the
Congress' respective powers with respect to the formulation
and implementation of foreign policy, the less effective co-
ordination and control of such policy, the distortion of tra-
ditional policy-making processes, and the waste of the tax-
payers' money through overlapping of functions and dupli-
cation of effort. It is the purpose of this act to establish a
study commission which will submit findings and recommen-
dations to provide a more effective system for the formula-
tion and implementation of the Nation's foreign policy.
There has not only been a proliferation of agencies directly involved
in foreign affairs, but there has been a corresponding growth in the
amount of input in the policy-making process by non-foreign affairs
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 IgIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
agencies. For example, the Treasury Department, through control of
our balance of payments, import and international development bank
policies, has a great impact on foreign policy generally. Through Public
Law 450, the Agriculture Department has a significant voice in the
foreign aid program. And on down the government organization chart.
The following list of agencies with interests in international economic
affairs and the number of personnel and the costs devoted by each to
looking after its interests in the field of foreign economic policy re-
veals the multiplicity of interests involved throughout the Executive
Branch :
AGENCIES WITH INTERESTS IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY
Full-time
employees in
permanent
positions
June 30, 1971
Obligations
incurred in
fiscal year
ending
June 30, 1971
Atomic Energy Commission, Division of International Activities___________________
Civil Aeronautics Board
I
t
ti
84
$1
400
000
,
n
erna
l
onal Economic Affairs___________________
------
Council on International E
i
58
,
,
1
115
000
c po
icy
conom
Export-Import Bank_______
r 89
,
,
r 1,130,000
____ -
Federal Reserve Board: Division of International Finance__ --- - ----
_
O
---
358 2,
75
912,221,000
1
479
verseas Private Investment Corporation ------------------------ __
_
-`----
-
Special Representati
fo
T
d
N
127
,
,000
1
488
000
ve
r
ra
e
egotiations __ ____ ___ _ _ _ ----- - -
Dff Commi
-------------
-
i
30
,
,
633
000
ss
Depepartments of:
on-----------------------------------------------------------
248
,
4,452,000
Agriculture:
Public Law 480------- -----------------------------------------------------------
Foreign Agricultural Service_
702,500,000
735
Export Marketing Service ____-_------------ 189
------------------------
For
i
E
27,462,000
3
684
000
e
gn
conomic Development Service111
Consume
& M
k
i
,
,
6
004
000
r
ar
et
ng Service__________________..................... 7
A
ricult
l R
h
,
,
196
000
g
ura
esearc
Service________________________________________ 48
Othe----- ---------
12
,
1,303,000
Commerce:
___--___--_
6
4,252,000
Bureau of International Commerce
Offic
of F
i
Di
I
---------
1, 168
31,241
000
e
ore
gn
rect
nvestment ----------------
-
TravelService
_________________
134
,
2,846,000
___
_______________________________ ------- - --
Bureau ofDomestic Com
78
4,669,000
merce ______________________
Social and Economic Statistics Administration___________- ------
Interior:
300
350
5,500,000
5,053,000
Oil Import Administration--------------------------------------------
Offi
f Oil
d
19
403
000
ce o
an
Gas
Labor
I
t
i
20
,
676
000
:
n
ernat
onal Labor Affairs_____________________________________
State (overseas anddomestic)
32
,
518,000
-------------------------------------------- [of which were foreign local employees] ________________________________
A
f
(1,176)
gency
or International Development_____________________________
T
t
i
13,477
1
995
803
000
ranspor
at
on: Office of International Programs________________________
T
31
.
,
,
440
000
reasury: Assistant Secretary for International Affairs___ ___
332
,
8,035,000
I Data are for fiscal year ending June 30, 1972.
Source: Department of State.
The interests within the Executive Branch on foreign policy issues
are so broad and diverse that the traditional processes for decision-
making no longer work. Most significant foreign political, military, and
economic policy issues are decided through the systems set up under
the National Security Council and the International Economic Policy
Council, whose personnel refuse to appear before Congressional com-
mittees. A review of the legislative history of the National Security
Act, which established the National Security Council, indicates that
the Congress did not intend for the Council to become, as it has, the
principal mechanism for the formation and direction of foreign policy.
The National Security Council was established to deal with national
security matters, essentially military issues, not to run the nation's
foreign policy. The International Economic Policy Council does not
have a statutory base but was created by administrative action. Both
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of these organizations have grown in power and influence at the ex-
pense of Congress and the traditional policy-making processes.
Although the power of the NSC and the IEPC are increasing in the
making and implementation of foreign policy, there is still no single
focal point within the Executive Branch for the making of decisions
relating to the use of resources by the foreign affairs agencies. The
Office of Management and Budget does not weigh the proposed pro-
grams of the various agencies against each other. The Director of
that office declined an invitation to testify as to the role of OMB in
balancing priority demands of various agencies in the field of foreign
policy. And there is no single place in the Executive Branch for the
systematic establishment of priorities for use of our nation's resources
for foreign policy purposes. And, in Congress, because of the number
of committees involved in the authorization and appropriations
processes, there is also no one focal point for Congressional oversight.
In effect, the apparatus for foreign policy is like a bureaucratic no-
man's land, with every agency pursuing, to a significant extent, its
own objectives without effective control by either Congress or the
Executive Branch.
Only a high-level study commission, as recommended by the
Committee, can cut across all of the lines involved within both Con-
gress and the Executive Branch and arrive at sound recommenda-
tions for creation of a more effective system. The Commission's
mandate would be broad as can be seen from the following language:
Sec. 3. (a) The Commission shall study and investigate
the organization, methods of operation, and powers of all
departments, agencies, independent establishments, and
instrumentalities of the United States Government partici-
pating in the formulation and implementation of United
States foreign policy and shall make recommendations
which the Commission considers appropriate to provide im-
proved governmental processes and programs in the formu-
lation and implementation of such policy, including, but not
limited to, recommendations with respect to-
(1) the reorganization of the departments, agencies,
independent establishments, and instrumentalities of
the executive branch participating in foreign policy
matters;
(2) more effective arrangements between the Execu-
tive Branch and Congress, which will better enable each
to carry out its Constitutional responsibilities;
(3) improved procedures among departments, agen-
cies, independent establishments, and instrumentalities
of the United States Government to provide improved
coordination and control with respect to the conduct of
foreign policy;
(4) the abolition of services, activities, and functions
not necessary to the efficient conduct of foreign policy;
and
(5) other measures to promote economy, efficiency,
and improved administration of foreign policy.
It is the Committee's intention that the Commission shall have the
authority to study both programs and machinery of all agencies
76-616 0-72-2
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/1 GA CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
which have an impact on the making and conduct of foreign policy,
including those not traditionally classified as foreign affairs agencies.
The Committee expects the Commission to devote special attention
to the problems of arrangements between Congress and the Executive
Branch on foreign policy matters, including Congressional access to
information, the availability of Executive Branch personnel to testify
before committees, the impact of the security classification system
ou Congress, and other such problems. The Committee expects the
Commission's study to be unhurried and in depth. It will be essential
for the Commission to have adequate staff to conduct thorough in-
vestigations and analyses of the many complex issues involved. The
Committee expects the Commission to seek out and find for the project
the best talent the nation has to offer.
The Committee believes that this Commission, if it carries out the
broad mandate provided, will lead to creation of a more effective
system for the management of the nation's foreign affairs, which will
redound to the ultimate benefit of Congress, the Executive Branch,
and the American people.
SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS 1
See. 101 (a) authorizes the appropriation of funds for the operation
of the Department of State for fiscal year 1973. The total of the
amounts provided in subsections (1) through (5) and Section 101 (b)
for various activities is $648,354,000 broken down as follows:
Section 101(a):
(1) Administration of Foreign Affairs------------------------- $299,453,000
(2) International Organizations and Conferences---------------- 188, 263, 000
(3) International Commissions________________________________ 18, 226, 000
(4) Educational Exchangt --------------------------------------59, 200, 000
(5) Migration and Refugee Assistance, general----------------- 8,212,000
Section 101(b) Refugees from the USSR____________________ 85,000,000
---- Total, Department of State_____________________________ 648, 354, 000
Sec. 101 (a) (1) Administration q f Foreign Affairs ($28,9,453,000).
For Administration of Foreign Affairs, the State Department is
requesting $289,453,000 and the Committee approved the full amount.
This is the largest single item in the Department's budget because
it. covers almost all the salaries of Department employees at home or
abroad. It also includes other expenses, such as conduct of diplomatic
and consular relations with foreign countries, conduct of diplomatic
relations with international organizations, acquisition, operations and
maintenance of facilities including office space and living quarters for
American staff abroad, funds of relief and repatriation loans and for
other emergencies of the Department, and payments to the Foreign
Service Retirement and Disability Fund.
The table below gives a breakdown of the major categories of
expenses, together with a comparison with FY 1972.
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Appropriations
1972
1973
Increase or
decrease
I. Salaries and expenses_________________________________________
$244,750,000
$250,820,000
+$6
070
000
II. Representation allowances______________________________________
93000
9
'
993,000
,
,
____________
Ill. Acquisition, operation, and maintenance of buildings abroad--------
18, 75
0,
000
27,127, 000
+8
377
000
IV. Acquisition, operation, and maintenance of buildings abroad (special
foreign currency program)_____________________ ______________
V
6,850,000
6,455,000
,
,
,
-395,000
VI
. Emergencies in the diplomatic and consular service_______________
2,100,000
,
2,100
000
--------------
. Payment to Foreign Service retirement and disability fund ----------
1
958,000
1,958,000
______________
-------------------
Total______________________________________________________ 275,401,000 289,453,000 +14,052,000
I Information furnished by the Executive Branch is shown by indentation.
Salaries and Expenses ($250,820,000)
The salaries and expenses category is the principal account for
State Department operations. It covers most of the day-to-day costs
of operating the Department, whose largest single expense is salaries
and support of its employees in the U.S. and overseas. As the ten-year
history below shows, there has been a reduction in State Department
employees since FY 1969. For FY 1973 a small increase of 126 persons
is anticipated bringing to 13,362 the number of employees during
FY 1973.
10-YEAR HISTORY
Positions
-------------- --
Overseas
--------------
Domestic
Americans
Locals
Total
Amount
1964
4.545
4,594
5
673
14
812
$153
000
000
1965
4,397
4,628
,
5
668
,
14
693
,
,
171
145
000
1966
4, 500
4, 567
,
5, 772
,
4
839
,
,
179
660
000
1967
4,559
4,577
5
8C7
,
14
943
,
,
190
400
000
1968
4,671
4,395
,
5
530
,
14
596
,
,
195
699
000
1969
4, 679
4, 120
,
5, 242
,
14
041
,
,
207
095
600
1970
4,682
3,854
5,159
,
13
695
,
,
224
550
251
1971
4,606
3, 805
5, 030
,
13
441
,
,
233
687
000
1972---------
4,386
3,765
5,085
,
13
236
,
,
244
750
000
1973 (estimate)_______________________
4,477
3,782
5,103
,
13,362
,
,
250,820,000
The distributions of persons and funds by major offices and bureaus
is illustrated in the following State Department table:
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/1 q6 CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
1971 actual
1972 estimate
1973 estimate
----
---------
-----------
Num-
Num-
Num-
ber
Amount
ber
Amount
ber
Amount
Operating expenses:
Office of the Secretary_________________ 410
$1,606,155
424
$1,497,100
438
$1,538,600
Office of Protocol______________________ 46
59,400
46
60,800
46
60,800
International Scientific and Technological
Affairs_____________________________ 44
257,931
44
248,100
59
317, 100
CongressionalRotations__ _____ 25
45,425
25
45,500
25
45,500
Legal Adviser_________________________ 103
251,900
103
229,400
103
229,400
Economic Affairs______________________ 216
310,200
220
314,700
220
319,700
Intelligence and Research -------------- 324
704, 841
324
905, 100
324
1, 105, 100
Africar.Affairs------------------------ 1,307
10,093,200
1,312
10,492,900
1,312
10,930,500
Near Eastern and South African Affairs-_ 1, 220
5,919,264
1,237
6,495,400
1,255
7,098,500
East Asian and Pacific Affairs___________ 1, 609
7,477,617
1.630
8,058,200
1, 637
9,134,600
Inter-American Affairs_________________ 1, 716
10, 434, 400
1,725
10, 972, 500
1, 725
11,693,10o
European Affairs______________________ 2,955
16,856,300
2,980
17,836,200
2,989
19,825,400
International Organization Affairs------- 174
441,404
175
345,500
185
380,200
Public Affairs_________________________ 114
812,900
116
796,400
119
908,600
Management:
Security and Consular Affairs------- 671
4,505,791
705
5,484,900
734
6,704,400
Foreign Service Institute___________ 308
1,481,183
307
1,748,000
307
1,821,400
Deputy Under Secretary for Manage-
ment-------------------------- 420
1,418,345
423
1,572,200
423
2,263,000
Administration:
Office of Security__________________ 221
4,036,770
221,
3,979,000
221
4,028,700
Office of Communications__________ 406
9,269,099
406
9,907,600
406
9,904,900
Assistant Secretary for Administra-
tion--------------------------- 575
5,996,942
570
6,067,800
570
6,360,000
Total, operating expenses---------- 12,864
81,979,067
12,993
87,057,300
13,098
94,669,600
Adjustment for lapse on continuing positions:
Americans--------------------------- 461
--------------
443
--------------
443
--------------
Locals------------------------------- 137
--------------
145
--------------
145
--------------
Worldwide accounts:
-
----
American salaries
141
684
954
--------
148
348
700
--------
500
149
185
-----------------------
-
menttravel_________________________
Postassign
,
,
111,018,200
--------
,
,
9,707,700
9,
--------
,
,
10,056900
---- -
-----
--- -
- -- -- -
- -
Total obligations____________________ 13,462
233,951,951
13,581
245,113,700
13,686
253, 912, 000
Deduct Comparative Transfer fromMECEA___ -21
-496,213
-21
-466,000______________________
Presidential reduction-Directive, Aug. 15,
1971---------------------------------------------------- ____
-324
-1,557,000
-324 -3,092,000
Unobligated balance_______________________________
215,616
--------
1,557,000
----------------------
Appropriation transfer to GSA---- .-----------------
15,646
--------
102,300
----------------------
Appropriation or estimate____________ 13,441
233,687,000
13,236
244,750,000
13,362 250,820,000
Of the $250,820,000 for salaries and expenses for FY 1973,
$146,266,500 (or approximately %) is expected to go for salaries and
$104,533,500 (or approximately %) for office operating expenses, as
the following table shows:
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
17
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
SUMMARY OF INCREASES AND DECREASES, 1973
Appropriation, 1972------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
$244,750,000
Estimate, 1973---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
250,820,000
Increase-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6,070,000
Amount
Positions
----------------------
Post
Ameri-
American assignment
Operating
cans
Locals
Total
salaries travel
expenses
Tote
Appropriation, 1972 --------------
8,469
5,091
13,560
$148,003,700 $9,707,700
$87,038,600
$244,750,000
President's reduction-directive,
Aug. 15, 1971-----------------
-318
-6
-324
-2,919,000 ------------
-173,000
-3,092,000
Transfer to "Operating expenses,
Public Buildings Service,"
General Services Administration-
------------------------------------------------
-102,300
-102,300
Comparative transfer from
"
Mutual educational and
cultural exchange activities,"
1972 -------------------------
+21
--------
+21
+345,000
------------
+121,000
+466,000
Net program increase, 1973-------
+87
+18
+105
+836,800
+349, 200
+7, 612, 300
+8,798,300
--------- ------------------- -------
Estimate,1973------------ 8,259 5,103 13,362 146,266,500 10,056,900 94,496,600 250,820,000
Increase in appropriation------_ +87 +18 +105 -1,737,200 +349, 200 +7, 458, 000 +6,070,000
Note: Tha above schedule reflects the estimated amounts to be reduced as a result of the President's directive to reduce
employment in fiscal year 1972. The separate office requests which follow do not include these reductions. The Department
is applying the President's reduction on a selective basis and through attrition.
Representation allowance ($993,000)
As the following ten-year history shows, this item has remained
substantially unchanged since FY 1965.
10-YEAR HISTORY
Year : Amount
1964------------------------------------------------------ $973,000
1965------------------------------------------------------ 993,000
1966------------------------------------------------------ 993,000
1967-------------------------------------------------- --- 993,000
1968------------------------------------------------------ 993,000
1969---------- ------------------------------------------- 993,000
1970------------------------------------------------------ 992,444
1971------------------------------------------------------ 993,000
1972------------------------------------------------------ 993,000
1973 (estimate) -------------------------------------------- 993,000
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972--------------------------------------------- $993,000
Estimate, 1973------------------------------------------------- 993,000
Increase----------------------------------------------------------
These funds are used for advancing U.S. interests through formal
and informal contacts with foreign officials and nationals. Such con-
tacts are invaluable to our diplomatic establishment overseas as
sources of factual data and opinions on which to base intelligent
appraisals of other countries policies and as a way to promote under-
standing of U.S. policies.
The table below gives a breakdown of the number of persons and
areas which share this amount and illustrates how stringent it is by
the fact that the overall average allowance per officer for FY 1973
will be $494.
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Chiefs of
mission and
charges at
diplomatic
posts
Ranking
subordi-
pates
Other
officers at
missions
Officers
at consular
posts
Total
Number of positions:
African affairs ------------------------------
40
33
164
50
287
Near Eastern and South Asian affairs----------
22
18
216
80
336
East Asian and Pacific affairs_________________
14
15
241
87
357
Inter-American affairs_ __________
23
23
327
120
493
European affairs____________________________
26
26
364
120
536
Total ------------------------------------
125
115
1,312
457
2,009
Average allowance:
African affairs_____ _
$2,005
$706
$240
$422
1$571
Near Eastern and South Asian affairs__________
3,036
1,178
226
377
1 497
East Asian and Pacific affairs-----------------
4, 307
1,313
187
286
1 420
Inter-American affairs_ ___________
4,809
1,087
162
203
1432
European affairs____________________________
4,573
1,577
250
398
1558
Total amount:
African affairs______ ------------------------------
80,200
23,300
39,400
21,100
164,000
Near Eastern and South Asian affairs__________
66,800
21,200
48,800
30,200
167,000
East Asian and Pacific affairs_ -----------------
60, 300
19, 700
45,100
24, 900
150, 000
Inter-American affairs_ _______
110,600
25,000
53,100
24,300
213,000
European affairs____________________________
118,900
41,000
91,300
47,800
299,000
Total------------------------------------
436,800
130,200
277,700
148,300
993,000
Overall average ---------------------------
3,494
1,132
212
325
494
Chiefs of mission and charg?s at diplomatic missions----
$436,800
$436, 800
--------------
Ranking subordinates __________________________________
130,200
130,200
--------------
Other officers at missions_________________________________________
277,700
277,700
--------------
Officers at consular posts__________________________________________
148,300
148,300
--------------
Total ------------------------------------------------------
993,000
993,000
--------------
Indeed, the Committee is concerned that this amount may be in-
sufficient, especially taking into account the inflationary spiral of the
last ten years. The Committee is undertaking a study of what other
nations spend on similar functions to be ready to propose a readjust-
ment next year, if this should be desirable.
Acquisition and Maintenance of Buildings Abroad ($27,127,000)
Pursuant to the Foreign Service Buildings Act of 1926, as amended,
the Department of State has had responsibility for the acquisition,
construction, operation and maintenance of office space and, where
necessary, living quarters, for American personnel overseas, including
that of other agencies. Under this program, the United States has
obtained holdings of over 1,600 buildings, located in 233 principal
cities, and estimated to be worth close to $600,000,000.
The latest ten-year history of this program, together with the
budget summary and highlights of budget changes, follows:
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Positions
Overseas
Domestic
Americans
Locals
Total Amount
1964________________________________
1965
73
20
40
133 $18
125
000
_________________________________
1966
71
16
27
,
,
114 18
125
000
________________________________
1967
71
16
27
,
,
114 19
125
000
_________________________________
1968
71
16
23
,
,
110 15,500
000
---------------------------------
1969
71
16
23
,
110 13
350
000
_________________________________
1970
71
16
20
,
,
107 12;500
000
1971
62
13
19
,
94 13
335
110
1972
62
13
19
,
,
94 14
300
000
_______________________________
1973
ti
-62
10
17
,
,
89 18
750
000
(es
mated)______________________
62
10
17
,
,
89 27,127,000
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972-----------------------------------------
$18,750
000
'
Estimate, 1973----------------------------------------------
,
27,
127, 000
Increase----------------------------------------------
8,377, 000
Program by activities
Increase or
1972
1973
decrease
Acquisition, development, and construction:
Africa------------------------------------------------------ $324,000
A
i
$1,100,000
+$776
000
mer
can Republics----------------------------8,99 9,000
E
A
i
160,000
,
-8
839
000
ast
s
a and PacificAffairs--------------- _-------------------- 99,000
E
8,500,000
,
,
}8
401
000
urope--------------------------------------------- 419,000
N
E
t
d
1,175,000
,
,
+756
000
ear
as
an
South Asia -------------- -------------- 1,100,000
3,337,000
,
+2,237,000
Total 10, 941, 000
14, 272,000
+3,331,000
Operations:
Minor improvements------------636,000
-
636,000
Leasehold payments____________________ __--_---_- -
__--__ 643,000
ti
O
f
ld
564,000
-79
000
pera
ano
bui
ings________________________________________ 6,328,000
M
i
t
d
6,680,000
,
+352
000
a
n
enance an
repair of buildings----------------------------- 3,660,000
Furnishings and equipment:
4,000,000
,
+340,000
Newly acquired or constructed projects_____________________ 350,000
Additio
al
l
d
350,000
-----------
, rep
n
cements,an
repairs______________1,272,000
P
t
1,500,000
+228
000
rojec
supervision ________________________-____------------- 542,000
Ad
i
i
t
i
554,000
,
+12
000
m
n
s
rat
on ___________________________________ 1,539,000
1,561,000
,
+22,000
Total ------------------------_--------------------------- 14,970,000
15,845,000
+875,000
Total obligations --------------------------------------------- 25,911,000
Deduct:
Unebligatedbalance brought forward ---------------------------- -2,766,000
A
ti
30, 117,000
-30
000
+4,206,000
+2
736
000
n
cipated proceeds of sale of real property and miscellaneous
receipts---------------------------------------------------- -4,425,000
Add:U
bli
t
db
,
-2,960,000
,
,
+1
465
000
no
ga
e
alance carried forward ---------------------------- +30,000
--------------
,
,
-30,000
Appropriation or estimate________________________________ ___ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
18,750,000 27, 127,000 +8,377,000
The increases and decreases by activity presented by the administra-
tion are as follows:
ACQUISITION, DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION +3,331,000
This program is funded by a combination of appropriated
funds, unobligated funds carried over from the preceding
fiscal year, and funds derived from the sale of excess proper-
ties abroad.
Africa +$776,000.-The net increase will provide for
initiating construction of an office building in Dakar,
Senegal at $1,100,000 with funds derived from the sale of
excess properties abroad during fiscal year 1973.
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American Republics -$8,889,000.-No new projects are
planned for fiscal year 1973.
East Asia and Pacific Affairs +$8,401,000.-The net in-
crease requested is to provide $8,500,000 in appropriated
funds for initiating construction of a multi-storied office
building in Tokyo which would house all Embassy office
functions except the USIS Cultural Center and the Com-
merce Trade Center. Upon completion of construction, the
old office building annex will be sold.
Europe +$756,000.-This net increase includes $700,000
to provide dollar support costs for construction of an office
building in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (the balance of construe
tion costs, $2,950,000 is included in the fiscal year 1973
Special Currency Program requests).
Near East and South Asia +$2,287,000.-This request
includes $2,082,000 in appropriated funds to begin construc-
tion of a $3,200,000 office building in Beirut, Lebanon. The
balance of the total cost, $1,118,000 will be obtained from
the sale of excess properties abroad during fiscal year 1973.
OPERATIONS +$875,000
The $15,845,000 requested for operation and maintenance
of buildings is an increase of $875,000 over the amount
available in fiscal year 1972. This increase is to provide for
mandatory salary and related costs and overseas wage and
price increases ($684,000), additional requirements for fur-
nishing and furniture ($150,000), and maintenance and
repair of buildings ($120,000). A decrease in annual recurring
leasehold payments (-$79,000) will partially offset the
increase in fiscal year 1973.
Acquisition, Operation and Maintenance of Buildings Abroad (Special
.foreign currency program) ($6,455,000)
In addition to the amounts requested above, the State Department
is authorized to utilize foreign currency proceeds from P.L. 480
sales subject to appropriations. For this purpose, the Department is
requesting an authorization of $6,455,000 for the purchase of excess
foreign currency. The details concerning the past and proposed oper-
ations of this program were furnished by the Executive branch:
10-YEAR HISTORY
Year:
Amount
1964----------------------------------------------------
$2,750,000
1965----------------------------------------------------
5,000,000
1966----------------------------------------------------
6,500,000
1967----------------------------------------------------
6,250,000
1968--------------------------------------- -----
5,025,000
1969---------------------------------------------------
3,050,000
1970------------------------------------------------ ----
2,186,000
1971 ------------------------------------------------------
6,500,000
1972.--------------------------------------------
6,850,000
1973 (estimate)-------------------------------------------
6,455,000
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BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972------ ___________________________-----------
$6,850,000
Estimate, 1973-----------------------------------------------
6,455, 000
Decrease------------------------------------------------
395,000
Program by activities
Increase or
1972
1973
decrease
Payment to acquisition, operation, and maintenance of buildings abroad
(total obligations) ----------------------------------------------
D
d
t
$8,754,000
$6,455,000
-$2,299,000
e
uc
unobligated balance brought forward-------------------------
-1,904,000
--------------
-1,904,000
---------------------
Appropriation or estimate------------------------------------ 6,850,000 6,455,000 -395,000
HIGHLIGHTS OF BUDGET CHANGES
ACQUISITION, DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION-$2,299,000
Africa -$1,140,000.-A net amount of $295,000 requested
for fiscal year 1973 will provide for acquisition of two staff
houses and four staff apartments in Tunis, Tunisia, and a
residence for the Public Affairs Officer.
Europe +$3,130,000.-The funds requested for fiscal year
1973 will provide $2,950,000 for the construction of an office
building in Belgrade, Yugoslavia and for the acquisition of
two senior officer residences, an Army attache residence and
an Air Force attache residence in Belgrade.
Near East and South Asia -$4,289,000.-No new projects
are programed for fiscal year 1973.
Operations.-The amount of $2,900,000 requested for
fiscal year 1973 is the same as the amount available in fiscal
year 1972. The increases required in fiscal year 1973 for over-
seas wage and price ($125,000), and additional requirements
for furnishings and equipment for new properties ($30,000)
will be funded by a reduction in requirements for minor
improvements (-$155,000).
Emergencies in the Diplomatic and Consular Service ($2,100,000)
The Department of State furnished the following data on this item:
This appropriation provides funds for relief and repatria-
tion loans to United States citizens abroad and for other
emergencies of the Department. Repayments of loans are
deposited in miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury.
1964----------------------------------------------------
Amount
$1,900,000
1965----------------------------------------------------
2,000,000
1966----------------------------------------------------
2,050,000
1967----------------------------------------------------
3,600,000
1968----------------------------------------------------
2,100
000
1969----------------------------------------------------
,
1,600
000
1970-
,
600
000
1
1971-
1
,
,
2, 100
000
972
,
2, 100
000
1973 (estimate)-------------------------------------------
,
2, 100,000
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BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972___________________________________________
$2,100,000
Estimate, 1973_______________________________________________
2,100,000
Increase__
_
Program by activities
1972
1973
Increase or
decrease
Regular annual requirements ---------------------------------------
$1,
575, 000
$1,575,000
______-_.__-
Reliefand repatriation ---------------------------------------------
525,000
525,000
_._________-
Appropriation or estimate ------------------------------------
2,
100,000
2,100,000
--------------
Payments to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund
($1,958,000)
In the words of the Department of State:
This appropriation request results from the amendment to
the Foreign Service Act, Section 865 (Public Law 9.1-201)
which provides that any new statute which liberalizes
benefits or extends benefits to new groups of employees, or
increases salaries on which benefits are computed, is deemed
to authorize appropriations to the Fund. The appropriations
made annually to the fund for any statue must equal one-
thirtieth of the unfunded liability created by the statute.
The estimate for fiscal year 1973 includes $1,000,000 for
the fourth annual payment to the Fund resulting from enact-
ment of the Federal Employees Salary Act of 1970 (Public
Law 91-231) and $958,000 for the third annual payment to
the Fund resulting from enactment of the Federal Pay
Comparability Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-656).
The following tables give further detail:
HISTORY OF APPROPRIATION
Year:
Amount
1971----------------------------------------------------
$2,958,000
1972.----------------------------------------------------
1,958,000
1973 (estimate)___________________________________________
1,95S, 000
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972-------------------------------------------
$1,958,000
Estimate, 1973-----------------------------------------------
1,958,000
Increase----------------------------------------------------------
Increase or
Program by activities 1972 1973 decrease
General Comments of the Committee on the State Department Authorization
Foreign policy research.-Members of the Committee have been
concerened about the waste, duplication and the seeming lack of
effective inter-agency coordination and control in the field of foreign
:affairs and foreign areas research. Although an inter-agency co-
ordination committee has been established and the Department
of State has assured the Committee that it "has a veto power over
foreign area contract research projects in the social and behavioral
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sciences of other agencies", the list of current projects which is
printed in the hearings, makes it clear that there is still much
money being wasted in this field. If the Department of State does
have a veto power over other agency research proposals, as it says it
has, the power should be exercised more often. For example, the
Department of the Army spends each year $1,000,000 on the printing
of guides to countries around the world. Last year it produced nineteen
hard-backed, multi-hundred page books on countries such as Ceylon,
the Congo, Iraq, Cuba, Iran and Yugoslavia. It is highly unlikely
that the Department of State could get Congress to appropriate
$1,000,000 a year for such a purpose. If such a project can be justified
for the spending of public funds, it should be under the jurisdiction
of the Department which has the statutory responsibility for conduct
of foreign affairs. The Committee expects the Department in the
future, to use its authority more effectively over foreign research
proposals by other agencies to prevent initiation of projects of dubious
value and to insure closer relevance of foreign research to the proposing
agency's area of responsibility.
Proper identification of agency produced material.-Members of
the Committee have noted that much of the material disseminated
in Congress by the foreign affairs agencies concerning legislation
does not identify the source by agency. It appears that the issuing
agency thus seeks to avoid responsibility for what appears in
such papers. This practice should be stopped. In the future the
Committee expects that any material disseminated in Congress by the
foreign affairs agencies, or by other agencies which deal with subjects
within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Relations should
bear clear markings showing the originating agency. The Committee
also expects that, as a matter of courtesy, it will in the future, be
furnished with copies of Executive Branch position papers on legisla-
tion within the Committee's jurisdiction which are produced for
general distribution within Congress.
Dissemination of information to the Public.-Another matter which is
of concern to some, members of the Committee is the failure of State
Department publications on controversial issues involving Legislative-
Executive branch relations on foreign policy matters to present more
than the Executive Branch point of view. For example, the Bureau of
Public Affairs of the Department of State published an item on the
subject of the War Powers of the President and Congress. The docu-
ment presented the view of the Executive Branch on S. 2956, but it
ignored completely the position and arguments set forth in the Com-
mittee report on the bill. As a simple matter of fairness and objectivity,
this document published by the Department of State for domestic use,
should have at least mentioned the availability of Congressional
documents on the subject.
As it is, Congress appropriates funds to the Executive Branch
which the Executive Branch then uses to propagandize the American
people in support of the positions of the Executive Branch. It is
rather as if a Committee were to hold hearings and then publish only
the views in support of the Committee decisions. In future publica-
tions on controversial issues between Congress and the Executive
Branch on foreign policy the Department should give a more balanced
presentation which will, at least to some extent, reflect Congressional
viewpoints.
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Advisory Committees.-The Department of State has 26 public
advisory committees for which the Department will spend an esti-
mated $587,661 in FY 1973. These range from the 100-member Special
Advisory Committee on Public Opinion to the 7-member Advisory
Committee on "Documents on German Foreign Policy." Few have
been authorized by statute. The Committee urges the Department to
reappraise the need for the non-statutory committees with a view to
eliminating those which are not fully justified by their past contribu-
tions to the more effective management and conduct of our foreign
policy. The Committee will review the results in connection with its
work on the FY 1973 authorization request.
Sec. 101 (a) (2) International Organizations and Conferences ($188,-
263,000)
For international organizations and conferences the committee
approved the full amount requested of $188,263,000 for FY 1972.
These funds will be used to pay the U.S. assessed share of participat-
tion in the United Nations and its specialized and related agencies,
in the Organization of American States and other Inter-American
organizations, in various regional organizations such as SEATO,
and others, and in a miscellany of smaller international organizations.
This item also covers the U.S. expenses of international conferences
and of U.S. missions to various international organizations, such as
the United Nations, at New York International Atomic Energy
Agency, at Vienna, and similar missions where they exist.
The major breakdown of these items is as follows:
Contributions to international organizations- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $180, 900, 000
Missions to international organizations------------------------ 4,863,000
International conferences and contingencies-------------------- 2500000
Total, International Organizations and Conferences------- 188, 263, 000
International organizations ($180,900,000)
The following State Department table shows the assessed U.S.
contributions to international organizations, together with the FY
1972 data and an explanation of the increases.
Year :
1964---------------------------------------------- - --
1965--------------------------------------------------
1966--------------------------------------------------
1967--------------------------------------------------
1968--------------------------------------------------
1969--------------------------------------------------
1970--------------------------------------------------
1971--------------------------------------------------
1972----------------
1973 (estimate)-------_~___
----------------------------
Amount
$99,679,000
87, 548, 000
95, 578, 000
104, 126, 000
109, 341, 400
118, 453, 000
131, 417, 400
141, 319, 000
152, 864, 000
180, 900, 000
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972----------------------------------------- $152,864,000
Estimate, 1973--------------------------------------------- 180,900,000
Increase----------------------------------------------- 28,036,000
Less amounts not appropriated in fiscal year 1972 for the inter-
national labor organization-------------------------------- -7,816,337
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Program by activities
1972
Increase or
1973 decrease
United Nations and specialized agencies:
United Nations_ _____________________ - - _ - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - _
$52,437,699
$60,119,286 +$7,681,587
Uni ted Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization---_
12,018,301
12,018,301 ______________
International Civil Aviation Organization __
4, 235,983
4, 495,063 +259,080
World Health Organization --------------------------------------
23,741,250
26,341,960 +2,600,710
Food and Agriculture Organization --------------------- .---------
10,083,458
12,150,832 +2,067,374
International Labor Organization_______________________________
7,816,337
8,709,250 +892,913
Intern at ionalTelecommunication Union --------------------------
810,380
966,797 +156,417
World Meteorological Organization --------------------------------
774,477
943,489 +169,012
Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization____________
115,463
151,538 +36,075
International Atomic Energy Agency -----------------------------
3,977,148
4,882,916 +905,768
--------------
Subtotal-- _______________________________________
116,010,496
130,779,432 +14,768,936
Inter-American organizations:
Inter-American Indian Institute_________________________________ 61,561 61,561
Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences ------------------ 2,960,006 3,196,807 +236,801
Pan American Institute of Geography and History_________________ 151,300 151,300 --------------
Pan American Railway Congress Association ------------- .--------- 15,000 15,000 --------------
Pan American Health Organization______________________________ 10,436,513 11,313,412 +876,899
Organization of American States -________________ 18,780,444 20,767,512 1,987,068
--------------- -
Subtotal____ --------------------------------------------------- 32,404,824 35,505,592 -1-3,100,768
Regional organizations:
South Pacific Commission____________________________________ 215,309 247,605 +32,296
North Atlantic Treaty Organization______________________________ 5,315,087 6,414,955 +1,099,868
North Atlantic Assembly --------------------------------------- 72,513 79,946 +7,433
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization ------------------- .----------- 396,334 452,750 +56,416
Colombo Plan Council for Technical Cooperation__________________ 9,386 9,753 +367
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ----------- 5, 352,123 6,401,758 +1,049,635
International Control Commission for Laos __________________________________________________-_____________
Subtotal----- ______________________________ 11,360,752 13,606,767 +2,246,015
Other international organizations:
InterparliamentaryUnion ------------- _----------------------- 29,350 32,720 +3,370
nternational Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration-------- 1,491 1, 550 +59
International Bureau for the Protection of Industrial Property-----_ 15, 000 15,000 --------------
International Bureau for the Publication of Customs Tariffs_________ 18, 614 19, 914 +1,300
International Bureau of Weights and Measures------- __ 86,460 98,670 +12,210
International Council of Scientific Unions and Associated Unions------------------------------------------------
I nternational Hydrographic Bureau _____________________
17,642 .
17,642
--------------
International Wheat Council ------------------------------------
38,475
41,980
International Coffee Organization -------____
253,600
290,000
+36, 400
International Institute for the Unification of Private International
Law------------------------------------------------------
8,982
11,860
+2, 878
Hague Conference on Private International Law___________________
11,451
12,456
+1,005
Maintenance of Certain Lights in the Red Sea_____________________
4,471
3,910
-561
Bureau of International Exhibitions______________________________
7, 120
7,625
+505
Customs Cooperation Council-----------------------------------
341,772
385,045
+43,273
International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restora-
tion of Cultural Property_____________________________________
69,837
69,837
--------------
Subtotal ------------------------------------------------
904,265
1,008,209
+103,944
Total ----------------------------------------------------
160,680,337
180, 900, 000
+20, 219, 663
Less amount not appropriated for the International Labor Organi-
+7,816,337
The requested $180,900,000 for international organizations and
conferences in this bill represents a net increase of $20,219,663 over
the FY 1972 appropriation. The State Department furnished the
following explanation of this increase:
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26
UNITED NATIONS AND SPECIALIZED AGENCIES +$14,768,836
A total of $130.8 million will be required in fiscal year
1973 for U.S. contributions to the assessed budgets of the
United Nations, eight specialized agencies and the Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency. This is an increase of $14.8
million over fiscal year 1972. The estimate of $60.1 million
for contribution to the United Nations is net of a $3.9 million
repayment on the UN bonds purchased by the United States.
The assessed budgets of the United Nations and Spe-
cialized Agencies total $454.8 million for fiscal year 1973, an
increase of $50.9 million over fiscal year 1972. The most
significant increase in these budgets is $24.5 million for the
United Nations. A substantial part of the budgeted increases
are the result of wage and price rises, including the profes-
sional salary increase for the United Nations system, and
some currency revaluation. The remainder is largely for
program expansion, particularly in economic and social
activities to meet the needs of developing countries, as well
as activities of direct interest to the United States.
Other significant increases in the budgets of the specialized
agencies include the World Health Organization ($9.4
million), the Food and Agriculture Organization ($6.6 million
for the biennium) and the International Labor Organization
($3.5 million also for the biennium).
INTER-AMERICAN ORGANIZATIONS +$3,100,768
A total of $35.5 million is included in the fiscal year 1973
budget request for U.S. contributions to the assessed
budgets of the six inter-American organizations, an increase
of $3.1 million over fiscal year 1972.
The assessed budgets of these organizations total $52.5
million, an increase of $3.0 million over fiscal year 1972.
Significant increases are provided for the Pan American
Health Organization (PAHO) and the Organization of
American States (OAS). The $1.0 million increase for
PAHO is primarily for wage and price increases and some
program expansion, particularly malaria eradication and
support of the Pan American Zoonosis Center. The estimated
increase of $1.7 million for the OAS is entirely attributable
to wage and price increases, improved personnel benefits and
tax equalization fund adjustments. There is no program
expansion.
REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS +$2,246,015
A total of $13.6 million is required in fiscal year 1973 to
meet the U.S. obligation to support the assessed budgets
of six regional organizations, an increase of $2.2 million
over fiscal year 1972. The major increases are $1.1 million for
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and $1.0 million for
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Develop-
ment. Practically the entire increase is for wage and price
increases and exchange rate adjustments following the dollar
devaluation.
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OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS +$103,944
A total of $1.0 million will be required in fiscal year 1973
for U.S. contributions to the assessed budgets of fourteen
international organizations, an increase of $104 thou-
sand over fiscal year 1972. About $20,000 of the increase is
attributable to the dollar devaluation.
A total of $1.0 million will be required in fiscal year 1973
for U.S. contributions to the assessed budgets of fourteen
other international organizations, an increase of $104 thou-
sand over fiscal year 1972. About $20,000 of the increase is
attributable to the dollar devaluation.
Committee comments on international organizations
The table above, however, does not show the sum total of U.S. con-
tributions to these organizations--only. the assessed amounts to the
regular budgets. The Committee was furnished with an additional
table showing that our total contributions to international organiza-
tions and programs from all appropriation sources amounted to
$526,304,000 in FY 1972 and is estimated at $655,607,000 in FY 1973.
According to this table, which is printed in the hearings, $132,335,000
of this amount will be financed from. foreign assistance appropriations,
and $342,372,000 from other appropriations, principally P.L. 480,
plus the $200,000,000 special appropriation for the United Nations
Relief Operation in East Pakistan. The Committee urges the Depart-
ment of State to consider consolidating in one bill all of the requests
for authorization for contributions to international organizations and
commissions. In this way the Committee will be able to appraise in one
proposal the full scope of our financial participation in these organiza-
tions.
In view of the recent action of the Congress in urging the President
to undertake to implement the recommendations of the so-called
Lodge Commission that the U.S. contributions to the regular budgets
of the United Nations be reduced to not more than 25 percent, the
Committee expressed its concern at the increase in this budget over
that of FY 1972. While recognizing the role of world-wide inflation
in this matter, the committee nonetheless felt that a general review of
U.S. participation in such organizations might disclose some whose
usefulness has ended, particularly as far as continued U.S. participa-
tion is concerned, as for instance the International Seed Testing
Association and the International Lead and Zinc Study Group about
which questions were raised at the hearing. Next year, the Committee
expects to go into this matter in depth, and hopes that in the interim
the State Department will recommend on its own initiative that U.S.
participation in some of these organizations be terminated.
As long, however, as the United States is a member, by law or treaty,
in these organizations, the Committee feels strongly about the U.S.
obligation to pay its dues. It has particular reference here to the In-
ternational .Labor Organizations. Nothing has come to the Committee's
attention that would warrant terminating the U.S. membership in
the ILO or that would indicate that such an action is being seriously
entertained in any responsible quarter. Since it is clearly the intention
of the United States to retain its membership in the ILO, our national
interest is not only not served by remaining in arrears but positively
damaged by such action. While the question of appropriating funds
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28
for the payment of our overdue assessments is not before the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations, the committee does nevertheless urge
particularly that full FY 1973 contribution be authorized.
The Committee considered a request by Senator Hatfield to incor-
porate the substance of S. 2313 as an amendment to the pending bill.!
This would have authorized the appropriation, in addition to the
funds being requested, specifically as a contribution to any fund
created within the United Nations to provide for the establish-
ment and maintenance of a peacekeeping force, provided that the
U.S. contribution not exceed 25 percent of total other contributions.
The Committee shares the desire to give a boost to the United Na-
tions' efforts to establish a stand-by peacekeeping force and strongly
urges the Department of State to persist in negotiations in the United
Nations to this end. A specific authorization of funds for this purpose
however the Committee believes is premature. If there should develop,
it sudden breakthrough in negotiations, moreover, the Committee has
been assured that adequate authority in the United Nations Partici-
pation Act and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, exists
to earmark a U.S. contribution and would support such decision by
the Executive branch.
There appears to be a need for a focal point within the Department
to assure better coordination and control of our participation in all
international and regional organizations. It is recognized that the
multiplicity of interests within the Department, other departments
and agencies, and the public complicate coordination and control. A
much more effective effort is needed, however, and the Committee
will expect the Department to report on the corrective steps taken
during consideration next year of the authorization legislation for
FY 1974.
Missions to International Organizations ($4,868,000)
This item covers the costs of U.S. Missions to various international
organizations, as well as the expenses of Congressional delegations to
interparlimentary groups, established by law. The table which follows
lists the organizations involved, together with the comparable data
for FY 1971 and an explanation of changes, all furnished by the'
executive branch.
1972
1973
Increase or
decrease,
U.S. mission to-
United Nations________________________________________________
$2,032,500
$2,054,100
+$21,600
International organizations, Geneva_____________________________
1:449,200
1,476,500
+27,300 .
nternational organizations, Vienna ------------------------------
513,400
566,300
+52,800
International Civil Aviation Organization_________________________
151,000
152,900
+1,900
Organization of American States --------------------------------
159,500
158,400
-1,100.
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization----
211,300
217,400
+6,100
The Food and Agriculture Organization___________________________
84,200
82,500
-1,700
Subtotal___________________________________________________
4,601,100
4,708,100
-107,000
U.S. congressional groups to-
Interparliamentary Union --------------------------------------
26,900
44,900
+18,000
North Atlantic Assembly ---------------------------------------
30,000
50,000
+20,000
Canada-United States InterparliamentaryGroup -------------------
30,000
30,000
--------------
Mexico-United States Interparliamentary Group _
30,000
30,000--------------
Subtotal ___________________________________-_--_---_------
116,900
154,900
+38,000
Total obligations --------------------------------------------
4,718,000
4,863,000
+145,000
President at reduction-directive, Aug. 15, 1971_______________________
+75,000
--------------
-75,000
Appropriation or estimate___________________________________
4,793,000
4,863,000
+70,000;
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HIGHLIGHTS OF BUDGET CHANGES
The net increase of $70,000 requested for fiscal year 1973
will provide $49,000 for statutory salary increases of Ameri-
can personnel and overseas wage and price increases; $22,000
for increased costs of the United Nations Ambassador's
leased residence at the Waldorf Astoria; $30,000 to obtain
appropriate office quarters and furnishings in Vienna; $9,000
for two additional local employees for the U.S. Mission to
International Organizations to provide improved support at
Geneva and Vienna; and $38,000 for expenses of members of
Congress attending the Interparliamentary Union and the
North Atlantic Assembly. These increased requirements in
fiscal year 1973 are offset by a savings of $3,000 for non-
recurring costs of household furnishings and $75,000 for the
fiscal year 1972 Presidential Reduction.
As in the case of U.S. contributions to international organizations.
not all expenses of U.S. Missions are included in this item. The U.S.
missions to NATO, the European Communities, and the OECD, for
example are funded by foreign aid appropriations. The Committee
questions this separate treatment and will press for a consolidation of
these expenses with those funded in the State Department authoriza-
tion, so that a balanced overall review can be made possible. The
committee is greatly concerned at the size of several of these missions
and urges a thorough review of the matter. It expects corrective action
to be taken prior to consideration of the authorization for FY 1974.
International Conferences and Contingencies ($2,500,000)
These funds finance U.S. participation in international conferences
and in new or provisional international organizations. Again, not all
international conferences are included in this item; the SALT talks, for
instance, are funded by the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,
as discussed later in this report, and other bilateral negotiations are
excluded. The principal expenses are travel, per diem, and adminis-
trative costs.
The following State Department table gives the history and budget
summary of this item:
10-YEAR HISTORY
1964-----------------------------------
1965-----------------------------------
1966-----------------------------------
1967-----------------------------------
1968----------------------------------
$1,943,000
1,943,000
1,943,000
1,943,000
1,780,000
1969----------------------------------
1970----------------------------------
1971----------------------------------
1972----------------------------------
1973 (estimated)-----------------------
$1,800,000
2,062,393
2,130,000
2,125,000
2,500,000
A
BUDGET SUMMARY
ppropriation,1972----------------- ------------------------------------------------
000
$2,125
Estimate,1973------------------ -----------------------------------------------------------------
,
2,500,000
Increase -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
375,000
1972
1973
Increase oj
decrease
Participation in international conferences---------------------------- $1,245,000 $1,
513,000
+$268,000
Contributions to new or provisional international organizations---------- 880, 000
5
{ 107,000
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16IA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
HIGHLIGHTS OF BUDGET CHANGES
't'he net increase requested includes $150,000 for U.S.
participation in a UN Law of the Sea Conference; $33,000 for
the Diplomatic Conference on International Humanitarian
Law; $22,000 for an Intergovernmental Maritime Consulta-
tive Organization Conference on Marine Pollution; $63,000
for the additional cost of conferences recurring in fiscal year
1973; and $107,000 to provide for an estimated increase in
the U.S. share of the budget of the General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
The Committee has long been expressing its concern at the prolifera-
tion of international conferences and at the size of U.S. delegations to
some of these. Admittedly, the State Department is aware of this
problem and attempting to control it, as the following paragraph from
the budget presentation shows:
For example, in 1971, for conference participation financed
by this appropriation, the Department sent only one official
participant at the expense of the appropriation to 51% of the
conferences, for another 250/0 of the conferences, only two
for another 9%, only three, for another 80//'Gi only four or
five and only for the remaining 7% of the conferences were
more than five participants sent at the expense of this fund.
These latter conferences were such important ones as the
UN General Assembly, the General Assembly of the Organi-
zation of American States, the Assembly of the International
Civil Aviation Organization and the Ministerial Meeting of
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Nonetheless, and in light of the fact that the State Department
expects U.S. participation in 425 conferences in FY 1973 the Com-
mittee feels that further improvement should be possible in this item,
to comply with the President's policy of showing a lowered profile
abroad.
The $987,000 budgeted for contributions to "new or provisional"
organizations is allocated as follows:
1972
1972
estimate
1973
estimate
Increase
Central Treaty Organization________________
$135,000
$135,000
--------------
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade _____________________________
707,000
814,000
$107,000
International Cotton Advisory Committee_____________________________
23,000
23,000
--------------
nternational Rubber Study Group___________________________________
9,000
9,000
--------------
International Seed Testing Association_______________________________
1,000
1,000
--------------
__________ ____________________
Lead and Zinc Study Group -----------------------------------------
5,000
5,000
--------------
880,000
987,000
107,000
This table raises the questions how new is "new" and how provi-
sional is "provisional". One of the organizations dates back to 1921
and the most recent was set up in 1966. The Committee recommends
that the State Department reconsider, or regularize, our participa-
tion in these "new and provisional" organizations, in time for the
FY 1974 budget presentation.
Sec. 101(a) (8) International Commissions ($18,226,000)
This subsection authorizes appropriations for U.S. obligations to
the international commissions listed below in which the United States
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 3CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
is a member pursuant to treaties and laws, and includes construction
in the case of the International Boundary and Water Commission,
United States and Mexico.
Program by activities
1972
1973
Increase or
decrease
International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and
Mexico:
Salaries and expenses_________________________________________
$1,135,000
$1,127,000
-$8,000
Operation and maintenance____________________________________
2,810,000
2,884,000
+74,000
Construction__________________________________________________
6,280,000
10,197,000
+3,917,000
American section, International Boundary Commission, International
Joint Commission_______________________________________________
725,000
722,000
-2,800
International Pacific Halibut Commission_____________________________
246,000
270, 500
+24, 500
nternational Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission____________________
525,800
552,000
+26,200
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission___________________________
452,000
532, 500
+80, 500
International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries----------
6,400
6,400
--------------
International Whaling Commission__________________________________
1,000
1,000
--------------
International North Pacific Fisheries Commission______________________
26,200
28,000
+1,800
Great Lakes Fishery Commission____________________________________
1,813,000
1,853,100
+40,100
North Pacific Fur Seal Commission__________________________________
4,000
4,000
--------------
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas________
14,500
25,400
+10,900
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea__________________________________
12,000
+12,000
Expenses of the U.S. commissioners __________________
11,100
---
11,100
-----
Subtotal, international fisheries commissions___________________
3,100,000 3,296,000
+196,000
The largest item in this category concerns the International Bound-
ary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico, and details
from the State presentation follow:
1. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION,
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO
The International Boundary and Water Commission is
responsible, through a series of treaties between the United
States and Mexico, for the regulation and exercise of the
rights and obligations the two Governments have assumed
for the solution of problems arising on the boundary which
require joint engineering action. The principal problems
which occur are: (1) changes in and stabilization of the river
boundaries, (2) distribution between the two countries of
waters of the international rivers, (3) common flood control
problems, (4) conservation and regulation of waters of the
river boundaries for utilization in the two countries, (5)
quality of waters of international rivers, (6) sanitation
hazards, (7) development of hydroelectric power, and (8)
determination and demarcation of the land boundary. The
activities performed by the United States section relate to
treaty obligations assumed by the United States, general
policy determinations by the President and the Secretary of
State, and authorizations of the Congress.
This appropriation provides for: (1) administration of
treaties and agreements in force and negotiation of new agree-
ments as the need arises, (2) technical guidance and super-
vision of distribution of boundary waters, joint projects with
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 ,IA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
Mexico, and general engineering studies, and (3) preliminary
surveys and investigations. The U.S. section of the Com-
mission is headquartered in El Paso, Texas.
Positions,
Year domestic Amount
1964-------- --------
1965
1966-------- --------
1967 ----------------
1968---------------
67 $715,000
64 815,000
67 815,000
65 851,000
67 851,000
Positions,
domestic Amount
1969__________________ 67 $923,000
1970_________________ 67 1,008,783
1971__________________ 67 1,072,000
1972______________ 65 1,135,000
1973 (estimate)------ - 65 1,127,000
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972----------------------------- ----------------------------------- $1, 135, 35,000
Estimate, 1973-------------------------------------------- ------ ---------------------- --------- 1,127,000
Decrease ---------------------------------------------- 00
------ - ---- ------ -8,000
Program b activities Increase or
Y 1972 1973 decrease
General administration________ $642,000 $638,000 -$4,000
General engineering______________________________________________ 398,000 394,000 -4,000
Project investigations ---------------------------------------------- 95,000 95,000 --------------
Appropriation or estimate 1,135, 000 1, 127,000 -8,000
TABLE 2.-OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
'['his appropriation finances the cost of the operation and
maintenance of flood control works including the American
Darn and Canal, Rio Grande canalization and rectification
projects, the Lower Rio Grande flood control projects, the
Anzalduas Dam, Amistad Dam, Falcon Dam and power
plant, the Douglas-Aqua Prieta sanitation plant, and stream
gaging stations on the international rivers and tributaries.
Positions,
domestic
Amount
Positions,
domestic
1964 --
251
$2,015,000
1969
270
1965-__
233
1,987,000
1970__________________
258
1966----------------
237
2,025,000
1971
255
1967----------------
223
1,985,000
1972 ------------------
245
1968---------------
220
1,935,000
1973 (estimate)---_____
245
Amount
$2,029,000
2,498,737
2,716,000
2,810,000
2,884,000
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972---------------------------------------------------------------------- $2, 810, 000
Estimate, 1973----------- -----------------------------------------
Increase---------- - -- -------------------------------------------------------------
1972
1973
El Paso projects----
_-
$765,000
$786,000
Lower Rio Grande flood control project
___
864, 000
892,000
Lower Rio Grande water quality inprovement project__________________
20, 000
20,000
Falcon Dam and powerplant_ -------------------------------------
327, 000
334,000
Amistad Darn -------- --------------------------------------------
192,000
184, 000
International gaging stations ----- -.---------------------------------
597,000
622, 000
Douglas-Agua Prieta sanitation -------------------------------------
25,000
26,000
Lower Colorado River clearing______________________________________
20,000
20,000
Appropriation or estimate__________________________
2,810,000
2,884,000
74,000
Increase or
decrease
+$21,000
+28, 000
--------------
+7, 7,000
-8,000
+25,000
+1,000
--------------
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/163,3CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
This appropriation finances the construction activities of
the United States section of the International Commission
in response to obligations established by treaties and other
agreements between the United States and Mexico, and Acts
of Congress. The principal projects, financed jointly by the
two countries are sanitation projects, flood control dams on
the Rio Grande, and flood control works on the Rio Grande
and Tijuana rivers.
Positions 1
domestic Amount
Positions r
domestic
Amount
1964-___-_ 123 $6,500,000
1969__________________ 115
$5,806,000
1965---------------- 121 8,300,000
1970__________________ 22
411,629
1966-__ 108 10,883,000
1971------------------ 57
4,200,000
1967----------------- 73 5,754,000
1972 ------------------ 54
6,280,000
1968---------------- 91 9,000,000
1973 (estimate)-- -------- 60
10,197,000
r Includes positions under allocations to other agencies.
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
$6,280,000
Estimate, 1973------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
10,197,000
Program by activities 1972 1973
Increase or
decrease
Rio Grande international dams program: Amistad Dam---------------- $14, 657
-$14, 657
Lower Rio Grande flood control improvement program_________________ 5,456, 148 $7, 151, 000
+1,694,852
No gales sanitation________________________________________________ 68,092 --------------
-68,092
Tijuana River flood control ----------------------------------------- 465,973 4,800,000
+4,334,027
----- ----------
----
Total obligations____________________________________________ 6,004,870 11, 951, 000
+5,946,130
Deduct unobligated balance, start of year ---------------------------- -1,524,870 -1,900,000
. -275, 130
Add unobligated balance, end of year------------------------------- 1,800,000 46,000
-1,754,000
---- Appropriation or estimate__________________________________ 6,280,000 10,197,000
+3,917,000
The requested increase of $3,917,000 for fiscal year 1973
will permit construction to continue in the Lower Rio
Grande Flood Control Improvement Program for the pro-
tection of life and property from excessively high flood levels
such as occurred with Hurricane Beulah in 1967; continued
development of design, plans and specifications for the
Tijuana flood control project, and the letting of the initial
construction contract for the U.S. improvements.
The justifications for funds for the International Boundary
Commission and the International Joint Commission, both
U.S.-Canadian bodies, and for the various fisheries com-
missions are as follows:
II. AMERICAN SECTIONS, INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS
This appropriation finances the United States share of
expenses of:
1. The International Boundary Commission which main-
tains United States-Canadian boundary markets in accord-
ance with existing treaties and establishes and preserves
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 if lA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
boundary vistas by periodic tree cutting and chemical
vegetation control.
2. The International Joint Commission which conducts in-
vestigations of boundary waters for the regulation of levels
and flows of water, pollution abatement and water quality
control, and such other related matters referred from the
governments of the United States and Canada and of mutual
concern to both countries.
Principal investigations and activities at present concern an
expanded role in abating pollution in the Great Lakes basin,
possible regulation of Great Lakes water levels, preservation
and enhancement of the American Falls at Niagara Falls,
and surveillance of transboundary air pollution along the
entire border.
Positions
Year:
Overseas
Americans
1964 ------------------
20
.. ------------
20
$430,000
1965------- ------------------------ ---
20
-------------
20
472,000
1966 _____-____-
20
- ----------
20
475,000
1967-------------------- - -------------
20
6
26
650,000
1968 --- ----- ---------------
17
4
21
630,000
1969____-------------------------------
32
1
33
629,000
1970----- ------------------------------
28
----------------
28
599,484
1971 ----- ------------- ---------------
29
----------------
29
653,000
1972 (estimate)---------------------_____
30
29
_______________
----------------
30
29
725,000
722,200
I Includes positions under allocations to other agencies.
BUDGET SUMMARY
ti
1972
A
on,
ppropria
-------- - -------------------------------- - .......
Estimate,1973'---------------------------------------------------------------- - -------
..........
- - -------
$725,000
722,200
Decrease -----------------------------------------------------------------_
-- ------ ------- 2,800
Program by activities
1972
1973
Increase or
decrease
International Boundary Commission_________________________________
$175,200
$197,000
?$21,800
nternational Joint Commission - _ _____________________________
548,600
525,200
-23,400
Total obligations -__- --__------- _-------------------------
723,800
722,200
-1,600
Presidential reduction--Directive, Aug. 15,1971----------------------
+1,200 __---
---------
-1,200
Appropriation or estimate
725,000
722,200
-2, 800
1_ International Boundary Commission +$21, 800.-The
increase of $21,800 includes $7,500 for within-grade salary
increases and personnel benefits, $10,000 for the increased
cost's of salaries for temporary summer employees, and
$4,300 for increased operating expenses of the field crews
cutting brush and regrowth of trees in the boundary vista.
.. International Joint Commission -$23, 400.-The net
decrease of $23,400 results from the assumption of fund-
ing responsibility for environmental studies and reports
b" the Environmental Protection Agency (--$138,000), a
reduction in personnel compensation for two less days
( $1,200) and an increase of $115,800 requested for fiscal
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/1635CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
year 1973. The increase requested will provide $112,200 to
the Commission to annualize the cost of two positions
authorized in fiscal year 1972 and permit an increase of
five new positions in fiscal year 1973. There is an increase
of $3,600 requested for allocation to Geological Survey,
Department of the Interior for their additional activities
planned for fiscal year 1973 in support of the Commission.
III. INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES COMMISSIONS
This appropriation provides funds for the United States
share of the expenses of nine international fisheries com-
missions in which it participates. The Commissions deter-
mine and undertake or recommend measures necessary for
the preservation and expansion of fishery stocks.
Year
1964---------------------------------
$2,000,000
1969--------------- ---------------
1965-----------------------------------
2,025,000
1970----------------------------------
1966-----------------------------------
2,125,000
1971----------------------------------
1967----------------------------------
2, 125,000
1972----------------------------------
1968-----------------------------------
2,015,000
1973(estimate)------------------------
Amount
$2,075,000
2,409,188
2,543,800
3,100,000
3,296,000
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation,1972-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
$3,100,000
Estimate,1973-------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------------------
3,296,000
Increase ---------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
196,000
HIGHLIGHTS OF BUDGET CHANGES
The requested increase is to (1) provide $63,400 for salary
adjustments for Commission personnel in fiscal year 1973
consistent with the salary increases authorized in January,
7.971 for United States Government employees, and $16,800
for upgrading of retirement benefits; and (2) provide $103,800
for program increases needed to strengthen the effectiveness
of the Tropical Tuna ($51,000), North. Pacific ($1,800),
Great Lakes ($40,100), and Atlantic Tuna Commissions
($10.900), and (3) provide $12,000 to join the International
Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
Sec. 101 (a) (4) Educational Exchange ($59,,200,000)
This item consists of two major categories: $52,400,000 for programs
authorized by the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of
1961, as amended and by the Act of August 9, 1939; and $6,800,000
to carry out the provisions of the Center for Cultural and Technical
Interchange between East and West of 1960.
Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Activities ($52,400,000)
These funds finance the educational and cultural exchange program
conducted by the Department of State under the authority of the
Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended.
The purposes of the program are to improve international under-
standing and cooperation through improved communications between
U.S. and foreign scholars, educators and institutions, as well as through
the short-term exposure of leaders and other foreign nationals to
American life. The recent history of this program is set forth below
together with the budget summary and an explanation of increases
all furnished by the State Department:
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/163hfIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
Positions,'
domestic Amount
Year:
1964_.------- 473 $42,625,000
1965--------- __ 466 45,000,000
1966_____________ 458 53,000,000
1967_____________ 444 47,000,000
1968------------- 417 45, 125,000
1969 353 31, 425, 000
Positions,'
domestic Amount
Year:
1970__ _ 327 32,300,721
1971______________ 318 37,176,000
1972-------------- 304 40,500,000
1973 (estimate) ---- 298 52,400,000
I Includes positions under allocation to other agencies.
Note.-Excludes $457,000 and 21 positions in 1973 for UNESCO activities transferred to salaries and expenses. Com-
parable amounts for 1971 are $496,213 and 23 positions and for 1972 are $466,000 and 21 positions.
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972---------------------------- ----------- -------------- - ------------
Esti
t
1973
- $40,500,000
ma
e,
-------------- ----- -------- - ----------------------------------------- 52,400,000
Increase ------------------------------------
------------------------- -- ----
- 11,900,000
Program activities
1972
1973
Increase or
decrease
Exchange- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - of persons -------- ---- __
$30,482,492
$41,334,492
+$10,852,000
Aid to American-sponsored schools abroad ---------------------
1,700,000
2,400,000
+700,000
Cultural presentations ----------------------------------------
700,000
1,000,000
+300,000
Program services ---------------- - _ ___________________
7,179,000
7,640,000
+461,000
Administrative expenses --------------------------------------
2,672,000
2,767,000
+95,000
Total program ----___ _____________
-
42 733,492
,
55,141 492
+12,408,000
Deduct other available funds---------------------------------
-2
796, 492
-2,741,492 492
+55,000
Total obligations-_ _ _ _ - _
39, 937, 000
52, 400, 000
+12, 463, 000
Presidential reduction-Directive, Aug. 15, 1971--------------- -
97,000
---------
-97,000
Comparative transfer to "Salaries and expenses"_______________
466,000
----------------
-466,000
Appropriation or estimate____________________________
40,500,000
52,400,000
+11,900,000
HIGHLIGHTS OF BUDGET CHANGES
The increase of $12,463,000 for this program ($55,000 of
which is to offset a reduction in funds available from other
sources) is explained in the succeeding paragraphs.
Principal changes are:
EXCHANGE OF PERSONS +$10,852,000
An increase of $10,852,000 to provide for mutually bene-
ficial exchange projects and to stimulate private cooperative
efforts and relationships between American and foreign or-
ganizations ($9,897,000) ; expand and enhance the high
school exchange program particularly in lower income
countries ($150,000) ; and strengthen the selection, placement,
counselling and orientation of non-grant students ($805,000).
AID TO AMERICAN-SPONSORED SCHOOLS ABROAD +$700,000
The proposed increase of $700,000 will provide for the de-
velopment of improved educational programs in these schools
to demonstrate American educational ideals as well as educa-
tional principles and methods employed in the United
States.
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 ,3f IA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
CULTURAL PRESENTATION +$300,000
Increased funds provide for a balanced program abroad
with primary emphasis still on the USSR and East Europe.
PROGRAM SERVICES +$461,000
The requested increase of $461,000 provides for within-
grade salary costs and 15 new domestic positions requested
for essential program activities ($96,000) ; overseas wage and
price increases and the necessary additional overseas support
for the requested increase in program ($365,000).
ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES +$95,000
The increase of $95,000 will provide funds for additional
administrative expenses including within-grade salary costs,
travel and overseas wage and price increases.
The largest component part of this item is the exchange of persons
on which further executive branch detail follows:
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
38
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 3fIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/16 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600120003-6
40
As the recent appropriations history shows, the exchange program
is on its way to recover from the FY 1969 low of $31,425,000, a de-
velopment that is most gratifying to the Committee and it believes
deserves full congressional support. The effects of this program are
of a long-term nature, and all the more important for that reason as
we look to future generations for leadership.
Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West
($6,800,000)
The purposes of this center, established pursuant to a section of the
Foreign Assistance of 1960, is to foster better relations and greater
understanding between the peoples of the Pacific rim. It is run by
the University of Hawaii as an semi-autonomous institution and
administers grants, fellowships and scholarships to qualified applicants
to study or train at the Center. The following State Department
tables and text summarize the recent budgets and changes therein.
1964----------------------------------- $5, 100,000
1965- ---------------------- 5,800,000
1966---------------------------------- 5,800,000
1967 ----------------------------------- 6,050,000
1968----------------------------------- 5,220,000
1969 ---------------- $5,260,000
1970------------------ --------------- 5,260,000
1971---------------------------------- 5,260,000
1972--------------------------------- 5,680,000
1973 (estimate)-- _ 6,800,000
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation, 1972------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $5,630,000
Estimate, 1973---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6,800,000
Increase--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,170,000
Increase or
1972 1973 decrease
Education, research, and training programs --------------------------- $4,537,606 $5,616,868 +$1, 079, 262
Program direction, administration, and institutional support services---- 1,092,394 1, 183,132 -1-90,738
Appropriation or estimate ------------------------------------ 5,630,000 6,800,000 +1,170,000
EDUCATION, RESEARCH, AND TRAINING PROGRAMS, +$1,079,262
'l'o provide for increased educational and cultural exchange
activities, including a new program, an additional 250 indi-
vidual exchanges of various types, and a followup program for
East-West alumni ($607,606); to broaden the spectrum of
academic disciplines and professional experience on the
Center's staff and increase the quality, length, and continuity
of the Center's research, study, and training ($429,671) ; to
provide for non-discretionary salary, employee benefits, and
other costs ($41,991).
PROGRAM DIRECTION, ADMINISTRATION, AND INSTITUTIONAL
SUPPORT SERVICES, +$90,738
To provide additional staff resources to strengthen the
Center's management and to solicit additional private and
foreign government assistance for the Center; meet non-
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discretionary salary, employee benefit and other costs, and
provide additional supplies, materials and support services
($90,738).
See. 101 (a) (5) Migration and Refugee Assistance ($8,212,000)
This authorization provides for United States assistance on a
multilateral basis to migrants and refugees through contributions to
the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration, the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and on a unilateral
basis to refugees designated by the President, as authorized by law.
It also includes a contribution to the International Committee of
the Red Cross. It does not include relief assistance for Pakistani
refugees, nor the new program for relief of refugees from the Soviet
Union, which is described separately following this section.
The following table gives a comparison with FY 1972 funds and a
breakdown by organization or program of proposed allocations.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE-MIGRATION AND REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
Appropriation, 1972-------- ---- $8,690,000
- - -
-
-,197-
Decrease, Presidential reduction: -Directive of--Aug- . 15-
-1-13,000
Total obligations, 1972----------- ---------------------------------------------------------- 8,677,000
Transfers from foreign assistance funds by Presidential determination:
72-1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +5,000,000
72-6--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +1,850,000
Total availability 1972_____________________________________________________________________ 15,527,000
Estimate 1973--- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8,212,000
Decrease-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -7,315,000
1972 Increases/decreases
----- ---- ------------
Presidential 1972 1972
App- determi- Total appro- total
Program by activities vities ion nation program 1973 priatian program
1. Intergovernmental Committee for
European Migration(ICEM)______ $3,250,000 ------------ $3,250,000 $3,225,000 -$25,000 -$25,000
2. United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR)---------- 1,000,000 ------------ 1,000,000 1,000,000 ------------------------
3. U.S. Refugee program (USRP)______ 2,900,000 $1,850,000 4,750,000 2,400,000 -500, 000 -2, 350, 000
4. Far East Refugee program (FERP)__ 500,000 ------------ 500,000 500,000 ---------------
5. Refugees from East Pakistan___________________ 4,825,000 4,825,000 _______-________________ -4,825,000
6. International Committee of the Red
Cross (ICRC)------------------- 50,000 ------------ 50,000 50,000 ------------------------
7. Administration___________________ 977,000 175,000 1,152,000 1,037,000 +60,000 -115,000
-- -- ----------------
Total obligations______________ 8,677,000 6,850,000 15,527,000 8,212,000 -465, 000 -7,315,000
Note.-The request for $8,212,000 for fiscal year 1973 is to provide funds for migration and refugee programs authorized
under Public Law 87-510, the Migration and Refugee Act of 1962, and for assistance under Public Law 89-230 which provides
for an annual contribution to the International Committee of the Red Cross. Of this amount, $7,125,000 is to remain available
until Dec. 31, 1973. In accordance with the legislative authority, the fiscal year 1973 funds requested will be utilized for
contributions to the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM), the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR), and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), for assistance to refugees which the
President determines to be in the national interest, including refugees from Communist countries in Europe and from
Communist China and for related administrative costs.
All of these programs have been in existence for a number of years
and show relatively little change.
Section 101(b) . Authorization of Assistance for Soviet Refugees ($85,
000,000)
This subsection authorizes the appropriation of $85,000,000 to
Israel, and other suitable countries of Jewish and other religious
refugees from the Soviet Union.
The State Department estimates that about 14,000 Jews migrated
from the Soviet Union to Israel in 1971 and that the number will
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increase to about 40,000 in 1972. The number will of course depend
on the number of requests the Soviet authorities are willing to approve.
This increased flow imposes a heavy financial and social burden on
Israel-a nation of only three million people.
The Committee believes that our nation should be prepared to
hel:) Israel. in this task. First,; the United States has a tradition of
refugee assistance arising from our own experience of being founded
and populated by the refugees of an earlier world. Since World War If
we have contributed more than $2.8 billion in such assistance, includ-
ing close to $600 million to assist Cuban refugees, almost $85 million
to aid Korean refugees, and more than $500 million to help Arab
refugees. Second, there is our long history of concern with persecution
on account of religion. Third, there is the special interest this nation
has always taken in the well-being of Israel. For these reasons, the
Committee believes that we should help Israel cope with the new
influx of Soviet refugees.
The Committee believes that the use of the funds authorized should
be apportioned in relation to the actual flow of refugees. If the refugee
load does not develop as anticipated, it is expected that a proportionate
amount of the funds will not be spent.
Section 101(c). Availability of funds
This subsection would provide for the customary extension of the
availability of funds beyond the end of the fiscal year, to the extent.
provided for in appropriation Acts, for such appropriations of the
Department as "Acquisition, operation, and maintenance of buildings
abroad," "Acquisition, operation, and maintenance of buildings
abroad (Special Foreign Currency Program)," "International Bound-
ary and Water Counnlission, United States and Mexico-Construction,"
and "Migration and Refugee Assistance." This authority is required
to enable the Department to retain funds appropriated for construe-
Lion projects, the completion of which extends beyond a single fiscal
year, and to enable the Department to meet the calendar year 1973
program needs for Migration and Refugee Assistance.
Section 102. Limitation upon prior year authorization requirement
This section has been included to assure that permanent appro-
priations under which payments are made directly from the Treasury
in accordance with existing statutory authority are not considered
within the purview of section 407 of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1971. There are a number of such existing authorities such as the
annual payment to the Republic of Panama; the annual payment to
(he Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund ; use of proceeds
Isom the sale or lease to foreign governments of sites at the Interna-
tional Center, Washington, D.C., for financing the costs of site prepara-
tion; payments from the Educational Exchange Permanent Appro-
priation which includes World War f debt payments by Finland;
expenditure of trust funds received from foreign governments for
citizens of the United States or others; and expenditures from the
gift funds of the Department.
Section 103. Deputy Secretary-Bureaus of North American and South
American Affairs.
Subsection (a) changes the title of the second ranking officer in the
Department of State from "Under Secretary of State" to "Deputy
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Secretary of State," and creates an additional Assistant Secretary of
State position within the Department.
The new position of "Deputy Secretary" will remain in Level II of
the Executive Salary Schedule. The recent reorganization of the
executive level of the Department re-emphasizes the Under Secretary's
role not only as the Secretary's alter ego but also as his principal
deputy in all matters. The Secretary relies on the Deputy Secretary
for insuring coordination of foreign affairs activities, including guidance
to the Department and to other agencies on allocation of resources.
The Deputy Secretary will be responsible for the management of the
Department's planning, evaluation and resources allocation processes.
The Secretary's responsibilities have greatly expanded since the
establishment of the position of Under Secretary. In addition to
directing the activities of the Department proper, which are headed
by the various Assistant Secretaries, he is also responsible for directing
two semi-autonomous agencies-A.I.D. and ACDA. The involvement
of the Department in the activities of numerous international organi-
zations and the coordination of U.S. policy through the U.S. Repre-
sentatives to these organizations have further complicated the re-
sponsibilities of the Secretary and Under Secretary.
The additional Assistant Secretary position is needed because of the
new Bureau created by subsection (b) (1).
Subsection (b) (1) establishes within the Department of State a
Bureau of North American Affairs and a Bureau of South American
Affairs. At the present there is a Bureau of Inter-American Affairs
which is responsible for foreign policy matters with all nations south
of the U.S. border and in the Caribbean area. To the north, Canada
comes under the Bureau of European Affairs.
The change, sponsored by Senators Aiken, Church and Spong, will
bring our immediate neighbors, Canada and Mexico, into one Bureau
in order to emphasize our special relationship with these countries.
Many Canadians, for example, sensitive to their former colonial
status, resent having their country lumped into some bureau with the
nations of Western Europe. It is the Committee's intention that the
nations to be included in the new Bureau of North American Affairs
shall be Panama, and all nations to the north, including the islands of
the Caribbean.
Subsection (b) (2) makes necessary shifts in the responsibilities of
offices within the State Department to reflect the creation of the two
new bureaus and the geographical areas assigned to each.
Subsection (b) (3) abolishes the ? Bureau of Inter-American Affairs
and the position of Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American
Affairs.
Subsection (d) transfers the duties of the Under Secretary of State
to the Deputy Secretary of State. The provision also allows the
incumbent Under Secretary to assume the duties of Deputy Secretary
without reappointment by the President and confirmation by the
Senate.
Subsection (e) makes the provisions of subsections (a) and (b)
effective July 1, 1972.
Section 104. Executive Schedule Pay Rates
Subsection (1) would amend Chapter 53 of Title 5 of the United
States Code to reflect the change in the title of the second ranking
officer in the State Department authorized in Section 103(a).
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Subsection (2) amends the listing of personnel positions authorized'
for Level IV of the Executive Schedule to increase from 11 to 12 the
number of Assistant Secretaries of State authorized for pay at this
level.
Section 105. Retirement Annuities for Certain Aliens
'T'his section would add a new subparagraph (J) to paragraph (1)
of section 8331 of title 5, United States Code, to authorize Civil
Service retirement credit for certain alien employees of the United
States abroad who work fora protecting power (foreign government)
on United States interests (luring an interruption of diplomatic or
consular relations. Such credit would be authorized only when the
United States reimburses the protecting power for the services
performed by the aliens.
Alien (local) employees of the Foreign Service working in a United
States embassy or consular post are separated from Federal Service
when diplomatic or consular relations with the country exercising
jurisdiction in the area involved are broken and American employees
of the embassy or consular post are evacuated. Arrangements normally
are made at such times to have it third nation protect United States
interests on a reimbursable basis. In such cases the third country'
usually hires key Foreign Service local employees who have been
technically separated to carry on the work involved in handling
United States interests, such as travel of American citizens, and
shipping and commercial matters; the local employees are thereafter
usually rehired by the Foreign Service upon resumption of relations.
Service under such circumstances has not been creditable for Civil
Service Retirement purposes. This has been a problem since World
War II during which several hundred Foreign Service local employees
transferred to "American Interests Sections" of Swiss embassies and
consulates in order to continue to serve United States interests in
enemy and occupied countries. After the war, most returned to Foreign
Service rolls and about 100 are still so employed. In addition, about 50
others are now performing such service in Cuba and the Near East
helping to protect United States interests.
't'his bill would authorize Civil Service retirement credit for such
service for employees whose direct employment with the United States
is interrupted in this unique way.
Subsection 105(x) defines qualifying service as fulltime service per-
formed by an alien (1) previously employed by the United States
Government, (2) for a foreign government for The purpose of protecting
or furthering United States interests (luring an interruption of diplo-
matic or consular relations and (3) for which reimbursement is made
by the United States to the foreign government. The section amends
5 U.S.C. 8331 to include an alien performing such service as an
"employee" for purposes of Civil Service retirement coverage.
If such an employee was a participant in the Civil Service retire-
ments system on his most recent separation as a Foregin Service local
employee, normally he would continue under the Civil Service re-
tirement system (luring his employment by the protecting power. If
such employee was not a participant in the. Civil Service retirement,
system on his most recent separation as a Foreign Service local em-
ployee, he normally would not become a participant in Civil Service
retirement system (luring employment by the protecting power. In
the latter case, if upon subsequent employment by the United States
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Government he received a type of appointment entitling him to
Civil Service retirement coverage, the prior service for the protecting
power would count, under this amendment, as creditable service in
the same manner as other prior non-deposit Federal service. In the
case of an alien who continued under the Civil Service retirement
system while employed by a protecting power, the amendment would
require that both employee and employer. retirement contributions
continue to be deposited in the Civil Service retirement fund.
Subsection (b) makes the amendment effective on the first day of
the second month which begins after its enactment. Subsection (c)
provides that the amendment not apply to persons retired or sepa-
rated on the effective date. The amendment would apply to all those
employed by a protecting power who meet the criteria stated in this
bill on the effective date and to all so employed thereafter. All service
made creditable by this amendment performed by eligible persons
prior to the effective date will be creditable.
It is estimated that the current annual payroll for eligible employees
now working for protecting powers is $200,000. Under this bill, this
payroll would be added to the payroll on which the Department makes
a 7 percent retirement contribution to the Civil Service retirement
fund. This would cost $14,000 annually. Also, enactment of this bill
would result in an increase of approximately $300,000 in the unfunded
liability of the Civil Service retirement system because of past service
performed by employees for protecting powers.
Section 106. Military Personnel and Civilian Employees Claims Act of
1964.
Although the legislative history of payment of employee claims
dates back to April 9, 1816, with enactment of the Military Personnel
Claims Act, the Department of Defense, the military departments
and the Coast Guard were the only agencies with authority to pay
personnel claims prior to 1964. The Military Personnel and Civilian
Employees' Claims Act of 1964 extended the coverage of claims
statutes to civilian officers and employees of all government agencies,
subject to the same $6,500 limitation previously in existence for the
ment authority of the Department of Defense, the military departments
and the Coast Guard to 10,000, but, retained the $6,500 imitation
for the civilian agencies.,
The Committee believes that the justification submitted in support
of the 1965 amendment is equally applicable to the foreign affairs
agencies. Tbp, monetary limitation of $6,500 is unrealistic and unduly
restrictive in terms of the present cost of household goods and personal
effects reasonably in an employee's possession. It imposes a great
hardship on certain claimants who are victims of catastrophic losses,
and leads to an increase of private relief legislation.
The Department of State administers the claims settlement pro-
gram jointly with the Agency for International Development (AID)
and the United States Information Agency (USIA). The joint regu-
lations promulgated by State, AID and USIA are in accordance with
the statements made in House Report No. 460 of the 88th Congress
that the experience of the military departments would serve to estab-
i76-51e 0-72----4
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Ash guidelines and standards. The provisions of these regulations are
similar to those of the military departments; the uniform depreeiaiior
allowance list developed by the military departments as a giude to
adjudicating claims is used by the Department; and the policy set bye
the military departments as to maximum amounts allowable on
categories of items such as photographic equipment, paintings, silver,
ware and major appliances has also been adopted by the Department.
nAlthough most claims are settled for less than $1,000,
a few hundred dollars, a small percentage of claimants have
received full reinmbursenieti.'h` for their losses since they exceeded the
$ti 501) limitation.` 'T'hirty-five claims have been determined to be
payable in excess of $6,500 but for the statutory monetary limitation.
Personnel of civilian agencies with claims prior to 1964 could obtain
recovery by requesting the Congress to enact private relief legislation.
The same has been true for claims after 1964 for amounts in excess Of
$6,500. The authority granted by Congress through enactment of the
Military Personnel and Civilian Employees' Claims Act of 1964
relieved the Congress of much of the burden associated with processing
private relief legislation. The proposed limitation of $10,000 with the
retroactive provision, would provide further relief from processing
private relief bills for personnel of the foreign ;affairs agencies. It woutld
also permit more expeditious settlement in those cases where a total
loss occurs and the employee is faced with circumstances of extreme
hardship.
The, increase in the ceiling to $10,000 was made retroactively
effective to August 31, 19.64 for the military agencies by the 19'65
amendment. ']'his section would permit application of the $10,000
ceiling retroactively to this same date for the foreign affairs agencies.
The Committee believes as a matter of equity to the individuals
involved that they should be reimbursed for losses of personal property
up to $10,000 in the same manner as if they had been employed ill a
military department.
Losses in excess of $6,500 have resulted primarily from catastrophes
involving total loss or damage to employees' personal effects. Most
have resulted from hostile activities or abandonment resulting ftom
emergency evacuations. A few of these total losses occurred as a result
of vessel wreckage or other severe transportation hazard. Most claims
stern from losses incurred in overseas areas or in conjunction with, the
movement or storage of personal effects authorized at goverrnmlent
expense, for service-directed assignments to, from or between overseas
post,, of duty.
Of the 35 claims settled or pending since 1964 for the Departrtient
of State, Agency for International Development and United States
Information Agency payable in excess of $6,500 but for the exiting
limitation, the proposed legislation would involve it maximum exp ndi-
t:ure of $60,000 if enacted; it cost which the government would also
incur in Congress were to consider favorably it request to enact private
relief legislation for these same claimants.
The. additional cost to the government for the next five years cannot
be accurately determined because of the unpredictability of incidents
that cause substantial losses. Based on past experience, the cost is
estimated to be $7,000 per year.
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Section 107. Retirement from Foreign Service
This section would amend sections 631 and 632 of the Forign
Service Act of 1946, as amended, to lower the mandatory retirement
age for career ministers from age 65 to 60. Such officers would continue
to be exempt from mandatory retirement for age while serving in
in positions to which they have been appointed by the President, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The amendment would
continue the Secretary's authority to extend the service of any
officer for up to five years beyond mandatory retirement. This would
insure that the lowered retirement age would not work to the detri-
ment of the public interest. The amendment would also provide for
a gradual implementation of the change in order that affected officers
would have time to make necessary adjustments. For officers age 60
or over at the time of enactment, the effective date would be set
mid-way between the date of enactment and the (late the officers
would reach age 65.
For example, the retirement date under the proposed legislation
for an officer 64 years old at the time of enactment whose 65th birht-
day is ten months hence would be five months after the (late of enact-
ment. A 62-year-old officer whose 65th birthday was to be 30 months
hence would be subject to retirement 15 months after the (late of
enactment. An officer whose 60th birthday coincided with the (late
of enactment would be subject 30 months hence. This 30-month date
would be the outer limit, and the end of that month would be the effec-
tive date of the legislation for all career ministers reaching 60 after
the date of enactment. Thus after two and a half years following the
date of enactment, all career ministers would be mandatorily retired
on reaching the age of 60, unless they were serving at that time in
positions to which they were appointed by the President with Senate
confirmation, or unless they were extended by the Secretary.
Sec. 108. Recommendations for Promotion
The Committee amended Sec. 623 of the Foreign Service Act of
1946 to require the Secretary of State, and other officers to whom the
Act is applicable, to recommend to the President promotions of foreign
service officers based upon, and in accordance with, the findings and
order of rank determined by selection boards created by the Secretary
to evaluate the performance of foreign service officers.
This has been the usual practice heretofore although it has not been
required by law. Recently, however, some officers charged with
responsibility for recommending promotions to the President have not
followed the recommendations of the selection boards. As a hypo-
thetical example, when a selection board submits in rank order a list
of 25 officers for promotion from class two to class one and there are
funds for only ten such officers to be appointed, the officer recom-
mending specific promotions to the President has been able to insist
that it is his prerogative as manager of his agency to disregard the
rank-order recommended by the selection board and substitute his
judgment for that of the selection board.
The view of the Committee is that this practice weakens the career
system and is destructive of morale in the career service. The Com-
mittee recognizes that it could control this practice by recommending
that the Senate refuse to give its advice and consent to recommended
promotions not consistent with the rank order recommendations of
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the selection boards. It believes, however, that the requirement of
rank order promotions should be embodied in law.
The Committee amendment does not apply to recommendations
for promotion to the rank of career minister or career ambassador.
The Committee amendment does not limit the management authority
of the head of the affected agencies to assign officers to any duty-thus
management could assign a low-ranking officer to a position of responsi-
bility normally held by an officer with a higher career rank.
The Committee has made one exception in requiring the head of
the agency to adhere to the recommendations of the selection board.
A new Section 623(b) permits the head of the agency "in special
circumstances" to accept a grievance panel recommendation for pro-
motion. of a Foreign Service officer.
Section 109. I+hreign Service Grievances
This adds a now part to Title VI of the Foreign Service Act of 1946,
relating to Personnel Administration, establishing a procedure for the
consideration of grievances in the Foreign Service. The major features
of this new language are set forth below:
1. The stated purpose of the new part is "to provide officers and
employees of the Service and their survivors, a grievance procedure to
insure the fullest measure of due process, and to provide for the just
consideration and resolution of grievances of such officers, employees,
and survivors."
2. The Secretary of State is required to promulgate regulations pro-
viding for the consideration and resolution of grievances which do not
"in any manner alter or amend the provisions for due process."
3. The new part calls for the establishment of a three-member
board composed of "independent, distinguished citizens of the United
States well known for their integrity, who are not officers or employees
of the Department, the Service, the Agency for International Develop-
ment., or the United States Information Agency." One of the members
shall be appointed by the Secretary of State; another by the organiza-
tion "accorded recognition as the exclusive representative of the officers
and employees of the Service"; and the third shall be appointed by the
other two members. If the first two members are unable to agree on a
third member within ten days after the second of such two members is
appointed, the Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District
of Colum bia shall appoint the third member. Provision is also made for
the establishment of additional panels of three members as may be
necessary "to consider and resolve expeditiously grievances filed with
the board . . ."
4. A grievance shall be barred unless it is filed within a period of
six months after the occurrence or occurrences giving rise to the griev-
ance, except that if the grievance arose prior to the date the regula-
tions are first promulgated or placed into effect, and not considered
and resolved, it may be filed within a period of one year after the date
of enactment of this new part.
5. The board is required to conduct a hearing on any case filed
with it and such hearings shall be open unless the Board determines
otherwise.
6. Any grievant, witness or other person involved in it proceeding
before the board "shall be free from any restraint, interference, coercion
discrimination or reprisal."
7. In considering it, grievance, the board shall have access to "any
document or information considered by the Board to be relevant. . . ."
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8. If the board resolves that a grievance is meritorious (in any case
not relating to promotion, assignment or selection out of an officer or
employee), it shall direct the Secretary to grant such relief as the
board determines proper and "the resolution and relief granted by
the board shall be final and binding upon all parties." In the case of
a grievance relating to any promotion, assignment or selection out, the
board shall certify its resolution to the Secretary of State together
with such recommendations for relief as it deems appropriate. The
board's recommendations are to be final and binding on all parties,
except that the Secretary may reject a recommendation "only if he
determines that the foreign policy or security of the United, States will
be adversely affected" and fully documents his reasons therefor.
9. A grievant may not file a grievance under this new part if he has
formally requested (prior to filing a grievance) that his grievance be
considered under a provision of a law, regulation or order other than
those provided under this part.
10. Any actions taken by the Secretary of State or the Board are
subject to judicial review and the Secretary is required to promulgate
and place into effect regulations to establish and appoint members
of the Board not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the
pending bill.
During the past year the Committee has received many complaints
regarding grievance procedures in the Department of State. Some
complaints have come from individuals who have severed their
relationship with the Department, others from individuals who are
still within the Department.
In recognition of many of these complaints on October 6, 1971,
Senator Bayh (for himself and Senators Beall, Brooke, Case, Church,
Cooper, Cranston, Hart, Hartke, Humphrey, Kennedy, Moss, Muskie,
Pastore, Scott, Stevenson, Tower and Tunney) introduced S. 2659 as a
substitute for a bill (S. 2023) which he had introduced earlier that
year. A similar bill (S. 2662) was introduced by Senator Moss (for
himself and Senator Miller). The Committee held public hearings on
these grievance bills on October 7 and 18, 1971.
Furthermore, in connection with consideration of the nomination
of Howard P. Mace, the former Director of Personnel for the Depart-
ment of State, to be Ambassador to Sierra Leone, considerable testi-
mony was directed at alleged shortcomings in the Department of
State grievance procedures.
The Committee is aware of the concern of the Department of State
at the enactment of this provision. The Department has established
an "interim grievance" procedure system which it has expected in due
course would be revised, depending upon agreements to be worked.
out between management in the Department and such organization
as may be accorded recognition as the exclusive representative of
officers and employees of the Foreign Service. There have been un-
avoidable delays in selecting the organization to represent officers and
employees and it may be anticipated that more time will elapse before
representatives of such a group and the management of the Depart-
ment will be able to develop mutually acceptable grievance procedures.
Accordingly, the Committee decided to adopt compromise language
worked out by various sponsors of S. 2659.
If management of the Department and representatives of Depart-
mental employees find provisions of this legislation interfere with their
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working relationship, there will be opportunity in the future to suggest
necessary changes in the pattern established by this provision.
Sec. 110. Ambassadors and Ministers
This section requires that persons given the title of "ambassador"
or "minister" must first be nominated by the President and confirmed
by the Senate in accordance with the requirements of the Constitution.
An exception would be made in the case of persons given recess
appointments to positions carrying such ranks in accordance with
clause 3, section 2, of Article II of the Constitution. It would thus
abolish the present practice of conferring the personal rank of
"ambassador" or "minister" on individuals for protocol purposes.
Under the present, practice, which has no Constitutional or statutory
sanction, their names are not submitted to the Senate and the Senate
has no control over the number of people so named. A total of 22 per-
sons, whose names and positions appear below, now hold the personal
rank of ambassador or minister. The current practice denigrates the
Constitutional role of the Senate, involves a misuse of the titles of
ambassador and minister, and should be stopped.
With regard to individuals who serve as Deputy Chiefs of Mission,
it is the Committee's understanding that they may be designated as
"Minister-Counselor" only after the Secretary of State is satisfied
that such a, title is necessary for the effective discharge of their duties.
According to information received from the Department of State,
this title has been accepted by the international diplomatic community
as a title indicating a rank of precedence higher than Counselor but
"clearly subordinate to and distinct from any title denoting Chief of
Mission."
PERSONS HOLDING PERSONAL RANK OF AMBASSADOR ACCORDED BY THE PRESIDENT (AS OF JAN. 3, 1972)
Date
Name
accorded Designation
Donald L. McKernan (L)--------- Sept. 26,1966 In connection with his designation as Special Assistant to the Secretary
of State for Fisheries and Wildlife, accorded the personal rank of
Ambassador during the periods of his representation of the United
States at international conferences and meetings on fish and wildlife
matters.
Richard D. Kearney (L)__________ Mar. 22,1967 A m
ember of the International Law Commission, United Nations.
Joseph A. Greenwald, of July 22,1969 Representative of the United States to the Organization for Economic
Illinois (FSO-1)(L). Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris.
Samuel D. Berger, of New Mar. 7, 1968 Deputy Ambassador to the Republic of Vietnam.
York (FSO-CM)(L).
Joseph F. Friedkin, of Texas (L)___ July 2,1968 Com
missioner of the U.S. Section on the International Boundary and
Water Commission, ited States a
Emil Mosbacher, Jr., of New Jan. 28,1969 Chief of Protocol for thenWh to House.nd Mexico.
York (P).
Gerard C. Smith, of the May 13, 1969 During such periods as he may require it in representing the United
District of Columbia (L). States at talks and negotiations on matters relating to arms control
and rmament
Philip J. Farley, of California May 13,1969 Alter
nateaRep esentative of the United States at the forthcoming
(FSO-1XL). talks with representatives of the U.S.S.R. on strategic arms
limitations.
James F. Leonard, Jr., of
Mesy Leonard, o July 18,1969 During such periods as he may be designated to serve, either as the
U.S. Representative or Alternate Representative, at meetings of the
18-Nation Disarmament Conference.
John C. Mundt, of New York May 28. 1971 Sn i I
William J. Porter, of Massa- July 31, 1971 Personal Representative [of the President[ to head the U.S. Delegation
chusetts (FSO--CMXP). at Paris Meetings on Vietnam.
David H. Ward, of Illinois (P)______ Dec. 23,1971 A Special Representative of the United States for Inter-Oceanic Canal
Negotiations.
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51
PERSONS HOLDING PERSONAL RANK OF MINISTER ACCORDED BY THE PRESIDENT (AS OF JAN. 3, 1972)
Boris H. Klosson, of Maryland May 21,1969
(FSO-1 L).
Deputy Chief of Mission, Moscow, U,S.S.R.
Rufus Z. Smith, at Illinois Oct. 26, 1968
(FSO-1)(L)
Deputy Chief of Mission, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
.
Wells Stabler, of Connecticut July 1,1969
(FSO-1) (L).
Deputy Chief of Mission, Rome, Italy.
Donald C. Bergus, of Pennsylvania Jan. 30, 1968
Counselor of the U.S. Interests Section of the Spanish Embassy in
(FSO-1)(L).
Cairo.
Robert A. Fearey, of Maryland Aug. 6,1969
(FSO-1)(L).
Civil Administrator of the Ryukyu Islands, Naha, Okinawa.
William A. Ellis, of Washington (L)_ Oct. 17,1968
Director, U.S. AID Mission to Brazil.
William J. Stibravy, of New Jersey Sept. 24, 1968
(FSO
1 L
U.S. Representative to the United Nations Industrial Development
O
Vi
i
ti
-
).
Weir M. Brown, of Illinois (L) ----- July
3, 1962
rgan
za
on,
enna.
Deputy to the U.S. Representative to the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development, Paris/DECD.
Stuart H. Van Dyke, of Virginia Oct.
(L)
1, 1968
U.S. Representative to the Development Assistance Committee of the
OECD
P
i
.
Jules Bassin, of New York Aug. 13,1969
s.
,
ar
Deputy Representative of the United States to the European Office of
(FSO-1)(L).
the UN and other International Organizations, Geneva,
Note: (L)=Rank given by letter from the President; (P)=Rank given in commission from the President in connection
with Presidential appointment not requiring confirmation by the Senate,
TITLE II-UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
Conran ittee comments
The United States Information Agency requested a total authoriza-
tion of $200,249,000. The specifics of this request and the Committee's
recommendations are as follows :
Request
Committee
recommenda-
tions
Increase (+)
or decrease
(-)
Radio activities___________________________________________________
$52,122
$36,485
-$15,637
Motion picture and TV activities ------------------------------------
15,928
11,150
-4,778
Press and publications activities ------------------------------------
25, 592
17,914
-7,678
Information centers, libraries, and related activities -------------------
29,623
29,623
--------------
Program direction, general support and related activities_______________
58, 448
40,914
-17,534
Salaries and expenses-special foreign currency program______________
12, 500
12, 500
____________-_
International fairs and exhibits -------------------------------------
5,036
5,036
-------------
Acquisition and construction of radio facilities_______________________
1,000
1,000
_____-____--.
The Committee's decision to reduce the USIA's authorization re-
quest was based in large part on the Agency's refusal to make its
Country Pro-ram Memoranda and other planning information avail-
able to the ommittee as requested. The following correspondence
contains the Committee's request and the Agency's negative response
based on a claim of Executive Privilege by the President.
UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY,
Washington, D.C., March 16, 197g.
Hon. J. WILLIAM FULBRIGIHT,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN : In response to your letter of March 1, I am
enclosing herewith the President's directive dated March 15 from
which you will note that I am unable to comply with your request for
the USIA Country Program Memoranda and associated planning
documents. I find that the material you request clearly falls within
the scope of the President's directive.
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My staff and I have carefully examined the so-called Country Pro-
gram Memoranda and find that, for the most part, these are planning
or working documents subject to subsequent discussion and final ap-
proval. These documents are under constant review, and programs
are changed in the light of changing developments in Washington
and in the host countries.
You will note from the President's directive that he wishes the
Administration to be wholly responsive to Congressional requests sub-
ject only to restrictions necessary for the proper functioning of the
Executive Department.
With this objective in view, I shall be happy to supply your Com-
mittee with summaries of the approved country objectives together
with a description of the activities proposed to implement them. Also,
our key officers, including myself and the Assistant Directors for each
geographic area, are ready to provide your staff with country-by-
country briefings as well as being available at all times for questioning
by you and your colleagues.
Sincerely, FRANK SHAKESPEARE.
TIIE WHITE HOUSE,
WVash.ington, D.C., March 15,1972.
MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF STATE, THE DIRECTOR, UNITED
STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
As you know, by a memorandum of August 30,1971 to the Secretary
of State and the Secretary of Defense, I directed "not to make avail-
able to the Congress any internal working documents which would
disclose tentative planning data on future years of the military assist-
ance program which are not approved Executive Branch positions."
In that memorandum, I fully explained why I considered that the dis-
closure of such internal working papers to the Congress would not be
in the public interest.
I have now been informed that the Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee and the House Foreign Operations and Government Informa-
tion Subcommittee have requested basic planning documents submit-
ted by the country field teams to the United States Information
Agency and the Agency for International Development, and other
similar papers. These documents include all USIA Country Program
Memoranda and the AID fiscal year 1.973 Country Field Submission
for Cambodia, which are prepared in the field for the benefit of the
agencies and the Department of State and contain recommendations
for the future.
Due to these new requests for documents of a similar nature to those
covered by my August 30, 1971 directive, I hereby reiterate the posi-
tion of this Administration so that there can be no misunderstanding
on this point.
My memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and
Agencies, dated March 24, 1969, set forth our basic policy which is to
comply to the fullest extent possible with Congressional requests for
information. In pursuance of this policy, the Executive Departments
and Agencies have provided to the Congress an unprecedented volume
of information. In addition, Administration witnesses have appeared
almost continuously before appropriate Committees of the Congress to
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present pertinent facts and information to satisfy Congressional needs
in its oversight function and to present the views of the Administra-
tion on proposed legislation.
The precedents on separation of powers established by my predeces-
sors from first to last clearly demonstrate, however, that the President
has the responsibility not to make available any information and mate-
rial which would impair the orderly function of the Executive Branch
of Government, since to do so would not be in the public interest. As
indicated in my memorandum of March 24, 1969, this Administration
will invoke Executive Privilege to withhold information only in the
most compelling circumstances and only after a rigorous inquiry into
the actual need for its exercise.
In accordance with the procedures established in my memorandum
of March 24, 1969, I have conducted an inquiry with regard to the
Congressional requests brought to my attention in this instance. The
basic planning data and the various' internal staff papers requested
by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Foreign
Operations and Government Information Subcommittee do not, in-
sofar as they deal with future years, reflect any approved program of
this Administration, "but only proposals that are under consideration.
Furthermore, the basic planning data requested reflect only tentative
intermediate staff level thinking, which is but one step in the process
of preparing recommendations to the Department Heads, and there-
after to me.
I repeat my deep concern, shared by my predecessors, that unless
privacy of preliminary exchange of views between personnel of the
Executive Branch can be maintained, the full frank and healthy ex-
pression of opinion which is essential for the successful administra-
tion of Government would be muted.
Due to these facts and considerations, it is my determination that
these documents fall within the conceptual scope of my directive of
August 30, 1971 and that their disclosure to the Congress would also,
as in that instance, not be in the public interest.
I therefore, direct you not to make available to the Congress any
y internal working documents concerning the foreign assistance program
or international information activities, which would disclose tentative
planning data, such as is found in the Country Program Memoranda
and the Country Field Submissions, and which are not approved
positions.
I have again noted that you and your respective Department and
Agency have already provided much information and have offered to
provide additional information including planning material and fac-
tors relating to our foreign assistance programs and international in-
formation activities. In implementing my general policy to provide
the fullest possible information to the Congress, I will expect you and
the other Heads of Departments and Agencies to continue to make
available to the Congress all information relating to the foreign as-
sistance program and international information activities not incon-
sistent with this directive.
RICHARD M. NIXON.
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111 r. Fn NR SFLIKESPEARF,,
Director, 17.8. Information Agency,
Washington, D.C.
IN
'MArcu 1, 1972.
.lit MR. S71,AKESPhlARE: I am enclosing a copy of Mr. Ablard's
letter of February 28 to Mr. Robert Dockery of the Committee stair
concerning the status of the Country Program Memoranda prepared
by the United States Information Agency. I understand from Mr.
Ablard's letter that the Memoranda are regarded as "internal plan-
ni ng or working documents" and as such, the Agency believes that
"it would not be appropriate to provide these documents to the
Committee."
As you know, the "Agency in Brief 1972" publication describes this
material in the following way:
"'t'hese CPM's (Country Program Memoranda) are designed to
integrate (7SIS planning and resource allocation with overall U.S.
objections in the country. The CPM's encompass total Agency re-
sources devoted to the country, including media products and ma-
terials supplied from Washington." (p. 19)
T believe this information would be of interest to all Members of
the Committee and of particular assistance to them in connection with
the Agency's authorization hearings, beginning March 20.
In view of this, I am requesting that the Agency reconsider its
decision and agree to make this information available to the Com-
mittee. I should appreciate hearing from you on this matter at your
earliest, convenience and, hopefully, no later than March 10. If the
original decision is maintained, I should like to know what the
.Agency's legal authority is for withholding this type of information
110111 lie Congress.
Sincerely yours,
J. W. FULBRIGIIT, Chairman.
I1.S. INFoRMATIoN Ao],.NCY,
Washington, D.C., Febrecary 25,1972.
Mr. Iioh3RRT I )ociERY,
~1~taif Consultant, Committee on Foreign Relations,. United States
ACenate.
I) :Au Bore : In )Yell:nation for authorization hearings on March 20,
you have requested that USIA furnish you Country Program Memor-
anda and ITS1A Planning Papers. An evaluation of these documents
reveals that they are substantially in the nature of internal planning or
working documents which are in many cases unapproved and in a raw
form. In most cases the CPM is not a final document as such but is an
exchange of papers and proposals between the post and the area offices,
with suggestions from other departments in Washington. They are,
in a real sense, planning documents which are constantly under revi-
sion as programs change and developments occur both in the country
of* operation and in Washington.
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Accordingly, it would not be appropriate to provide these docu-
ments to the Committee. However, we can provide you a summary of
the approved country objectives, activities to implement them, and
principal USIA audiences. Also, we can provide an oral briefing on a
country-by-country basis to you and your staff colleagues, as well as
for any Members of the Committee.
Of course, the Assistant Directors for each geographic area will give
testimony before the Committee which can include specific country
objectives.
Sincerely yours,
CITARLES D. ABLARD,
General Counsel and Congressional Liaison.
The Committee finds this refusal to provide information pursuant
to the legislative duty of oversight as set forth in the Legislative Re-
organization Act particularly dismaying because first of all it comes
from the Information Agency itself-an Agency which should fully
appreciate the value of information in the decisionmaking process.
The Agency's refusal raises serious doubts as to whether it has such an
appreciation and leaves the impression that USIA is willing to supply
the Committee and the Congress with only that information which
supports one point of view. Such a practice is hardly conducive to
building a reputation for a "balanced and objective information pro-
gram" and is more akin to a straightforward propaganda effort.
Equally dismaying is the all-encompassing nature of the Executive
Privilege claim and USIA's implementation of it. Taken together
these decisions raise the following considerations :
(1) They are broad enough to preclude from Presidential review
future requests by the Committee for information on USIA and its
activities; (2) the effect of the decisions is to permit working level
officials to determine what will and what will not be made available to
the Committee by labeling the material requested "internal working
document"; and (3) the decisions serve to foreclose the possibility of
the Committee and its staff having access to information in the Execu-
tive Branch that runs counter to an official policy position.
The Committee finds these prospects uninviting, unacceptable and
potentially destructive to the legislative process.
The information contained in the Agency's Country Program Mem-
oranda and other planning documents may provide a full and ade-
quate justification for the $200 million authorization request. The
Committee simply has no way of knowing. It was in effect asked to
approve this request "in the blind." It could not do so. And in the
absence of such information and justification, the Committee believes
the taxpayers of the country ought to be given the benefit of the doubt.
Accordingly, it recommends a substantial reduction-a reduction of
$45 million in the USIA authorization request.
If the Agency decides at a later date to furnish the information
requested, the Committee of course would consider a supplemental
authorization request.
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The specific redactions recommended by the Committee. are an in-
dication of its doubts and reservations about the size, and extent of
USIA's media prog-ranrs with the exception of its information gird
library centers and cultural exchange-related activities. All of these
programs are, described below in detail from material provided by
the Agency itself. The material is reprinted for illustrative purposes
only.
As far back as 19:3 the Committee, as a consequence of the work
undertaken by the Hickenlooper-Fulbright Subcommittee, raised
doubts about the media programs in its report "Overseas Information
Programs of the United States." For example, with respect to the
Voice of America program, the report stated :
. The Committee, has paid much attention to a review of
the scripts sent out by the Voice. It cannot rate many of
them high in message value or purpose. Many of them might
well have been omitted. (page 20)
And,
Even though presented with enthusiastic sincerity, the
Committee was not convinced by the elaborate testimony and
presrrrnptive evidence given by VOA personnel to establish
numerical and other proof of foreign audience reception.
Much of the data was of a speculative nature.. (page 21)
With respect to the press and publications media services, the 1953
report carried the following observations:
The Committee has received diverse comments on the press
and publications program from all parts of the world, many
of them critical. . . . There has been advocacy of the com-
plete, abolition of the wireless file on the grounds of its rela-
tively minor value and its competition with the regular com-
mercial news service. (page 17)
In contrast to the above, the Committee's 1953 report contained
generally favorable comments about the information (library) cen-
ters program and cultural exchanges:
Irrforrnatiorr from all sources, including the Committee's
own overseas observations, indicates that these [information]
centers contribute effectively to the purposes of the informa-
tion program. Former Directors of the information program
testified to their value. Non-official observers abroad who
comrnunicated their views to the Committee generally con-
curred. (page 14)
'I'lie strength of the exchange-of-persons program appears
to stem from diverse factors. The program enjoys a high
prestige troth at home, and abroad and is therefore able to at-
tract, the voluntary participation of leading citizens. It is
iron-political and non-propagandistic in character so that it is
acceptable in all parts of the non-Communist world. More
than any other part of the program, exchanges are a two-way
iuiderta,king which stimulate foreign participation. (page 15)
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This year after 'three days of intensive hearings on the USIA
authorization bill, many Members of the Committee continue to have
serious doubts about the Agency's large-scale, media operations. These
doubts arise from a belief that, in approving the Information and
Educational Exchange Act of 1948, Congress never envisioned that
any agency of the Government should become permanently involved
in radio broadcasting, TV and motion pictures or press and publica-
tions. The Government's entry into the information field was largely
intended as an interim stop-gap arrangement until such time as the
private communications and media services could expand their inter-
national coverage. In fact, the 1948 Act directed the Secretary of
State to
reduce such Government information activities whenever
corresponding private information dissemination if sound to
be adequate.
In this day of satellite communications and media services of every
type, variety and description, it is difficult to argue that "private in-
formation dissemination" is inadequate. And yet, the United States
Information Agency continues to expand its media services. This year
it planned to spend $94 million on these activities-about three times
as much as it planned to spend on library and cultural programs.
What seems to have occurred over the years is that USIA's media
services have just "groomed." And instead of serving as a complement
to the private media services, they may in fact be competing against
them. If this is the case, there is no justification for it and the trend
ought to be reversed.
Hopefully, the United States Information Agency will give very
serious consideration to this matter in the months ahead.
Sec. 001 (a). Authorization of Appropriations
This section authorizes appropriations to be made to the United
States Information Agency for purposes of carrying out interna-
tional informational and cultural exchange activities pursuant to the
United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948,
the Reorganization Plan 8 of 1953, and the Mutual Educational and
Cultural Exchange Act of 1961. USIA's justifications follow :
The United States Information Agency seeks to promote
a better understanding of the United States in other coun-
tries. The basic legislative authority for USIA and its prede-
cessor organizations is P.L. 402, enacted in 1948. It provides
for the dissemination abroad of information about the United
States, its people and policies.
Among the means USIA uses to accomplish this purpose
are radio broadcasting, information centers, libraries, per-
sonal contact, lectures, book publication and distribution,
press placement, magazines and other publications, motion
pictures, television, exhibits, and English-language instruc-
tion. Under the direction of the Ambassador and in coopera-
tion with binational commissions where they exist. USIA offi-
cers abroad also carry out the overseas functions of the De-
partment of States' educational and cultural exchange
programs.
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58
HISTORY OF U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY APPROPRIATIONS, FISCAL YEARS 1954 THROUGH 1973 ESTIMATE
[In millions of dollars[
Salaries and Special international
expenses exhibition
Amount
Radio
SFC I Amount SFC r constr. IMG 2
Grand
total
1954---------------------------------
$84.2
--------------- ---------------------------------
$84.2
1955------------ --------------------
77.3
_
--------- $5.0 ---------------------------
82.3
1956--------------------------------
87.3
--------- 5.0 ------------------------------
92.3
1957---------------------------------
113.0
---------- 11.2 ------------------------------
124.2
1958---------------------------------
96.5
---------- 15.2 ---------- $1.1 ----------
112.8
1959--------------------------------
101.7
---------- 6.4 ---------- 14.8 $2.5
125.4
1960--------------------------------
101.6
---------- 6.1 ---------- 9.0 2.7
119.4
1961---------------------- ----------
105.3
$3.0 8.9 $0.7 8.7 3.7
130.3
1962---------------------------------
111.5
9.3 8.0 .3 10.7 1.5
141.3
1963---------------------------------
123.1
8.5 7.6 .4 16.2 1.0
156.8
1964--------------------------------
134.0
11-7 7.2 .5 12.1 .7
166.2
1965---------------------------------
140.3
8.2 15.0 .4 2.0 ----------
165.9
1966--------------------------------
144.0
11.1 3.7 .2 26.2 ----------
185.2
1967---------------------------------
152.2
10.9 2.7 .4 6.5 ----------
172.7
1968---------------------------------
155.1
8.6 12.0 .4 18.2 ----------
194.3
1969---------------------------------
160.0
9.3 3.5 .4 --------------------
173.2
1970---------------------------------
169.7
10.8 2.9 ------------------------------
183.4
1971---------------------------------
172.1
13.0 4.0 .3 .6 ----------
190.0
1972-------------------------------
179.0
13.0 3.4 .3 1.1 ----------
3 196.8
1973 estimated------------------------
181.7
12.5 4.7 .4 1.0 ----------
3200.3
1 Special foreign currency program.
Informational
Excludes suppemental request program.
1972 and amendment in 1973 relating to January 1972 Pay Act and dollar devalua-
tion. Estimate for 1973 includes proposed amendment of $1,552,000 for 7th United States-U.S.S.R. exhibits exchange.
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Ec?~o
epo N-OU
p = O N N
nE' ..E
O O..C fn 6d
d,_ d W
vi E o.~ y
o?a c
`o.o Etc
7~ N .NU OCp
=O N O N
~-O w
m ne`q~N?
O T N ~
w~ GL dd.
~'E~mmN
? L c c
nm ma c.
m m.. N
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y ~ 9 0
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oL C?E~'d~
E o.=N.c dcoa
mo9 E-
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Nv?1i ??.ma
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66
ANALYSIS OF AGENCY POSITIONS BY MAJOR ORGANIZATIONAL GROUPINGS AND APPROPRIATION FROM WHICH
FUNDED
1971 1972 1973 Increase or
actual estimate estimate decrease(-)
Salaries and expenses:'
USIS missions:
Domestic----------------------------- 143 109 109 --------------
Overseas Americans _-_____________________ 1,137 1,091 1,086 -5
Local employees___________________________ 4,462 4,238 4,216 -22
------------------------ ---
Total, USISmissions ---------------------- 5,742 5,438 5,411 -27
Domestic___________________________________ 2,232 2,208 2,222 14
Overseas Americans ------------------------- 146 141 132 -9
Local employees____________________________ 1,159 1,178 1,178 _
Total, media services____________________ 3,537 3,527 3,532 5
Research, direction, and other services:
Domestic-------- - ------------------------ 867 842
Overseas Americans____________________________ 3
Local employees------------------------------------------ 3
Total, Research, Direction and Other Services- 867 848
842 --------------
3 -------------
3 --------------
848 --------------
Total, salaries and expenses:
Domestic ----------- ----------------------- 3,242 3,159 3,173 14
Overseas Americans ------------------------- 1,283 1,235 1,221 -14
Local employees__________________________ 5,621 5,419 5.397 -22
Total, salaries and expenses________________ 10, 146 9,813 9,791
Special international exhibitions:
Domestic --------------------------------------- 56 56
Overseas Americas_____________________________ 2 2
Local employees-------------------------------- 6 6
Total, special international exhibitions___________ 64 64
Grand total, USIA:
Domestic _________________________ 3,298 3,215
Overseas Americans __________________ 1, 285 1,237
Local employees________________________________ 5,627 5,425
Total, USIA_________________________
________ 10,210 9,877 9,855 -22
Subsection201(a) (1) (A). Radio Activities
This section authorizes an appropriation of $36,485,000 for radio
activities. The Administration requested $52,122,000 for these activi-
ties according to its justification which follows :
79ie radio activities of the Agency consist of the operations
of the Broadcasting Service (the Voice of America), the pro-
duction and placement of radio materials by overseas mis-
sions, and support to Radio in the American Sector of Berlin
(RIAS).
The Voice of America is now broadcasting in 35 languages.
The projected weekly broadcast schedule as of June 30, 1.972,
and June 30, 1973, is presented below. In addition to direct
broadcasts. VOA prepares direct point-to-point feeds and
recorded programs for placement on local stations overseas.
The program operations of VOA include the management,
planning and policy supervision of programs it broadcasts
and/or distributes. The more important areas are (1) the
centralized program service which produces VOA newscasts,
news analyses, and features; (2) the language services them-
56 --------------
2 -------------
6 ---------------
3,229 14
1,223 -14
5,403 -22
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selves, which edit and translate into foreign languages the
material produced by the centralized program service, create
original programs tailored to specific countries, broadcast
programs in different languages, and prepare recorded 1na-
terials for use by forei n radio stations; (3) the VOA studios
and control plant in Washington and network traffic; and
(4) overseas correspondents at Athens, Beirut, New Delhi,
Bangkok, Hong Kong, Tokvo, Saigon, Munich, Belgrade,
Abidjan, Lagos, Nairobi, Rabat, and Buenos Aires, and sub-
sidiary centers in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami,
Rhodes, Beirut, and Cairo.
During 1972, broadcasting to East Asia has been reduced
by 28 hours weekly : a reduction of 101/2 hours in Khmer to a
total of 14 hours, and a reduction of 171/2 hours in Vietnamese
to a total of 35 hours. In 1973, an additional 28 hours of broad-
cast are planned as follows: (a) Initiation of seven hours in
Uzbek; (b) An increase of seven hours in Ukranian fora total
of 21 hours; and (c) An increase of 14 hours in Russian for a
total of 70 hours. Estimated 1973 costs for VOA program
operations are $25,372,000.
The VOA manages a world-wide system of Government-
owned or leased radio facilities, broadcasting over 47 trans-
mitters in the United States and 76 transmitters overseas. Most
of the Voice of America programs originate in Washington
and are transmitted to the shortwave stations at Greenville
in North Carolina, Dixon and Delano in California, and
Bethany in Ohio, and the medium wave station at Marathon
in Florida. The shortwave transmissions are then picked up
by overseas relay stations which boost the strength of the
signal and transmit it to the target area via short or medium
wave, depending on the local situation and available facilities.
Programs to Latin America are broadcast directly from fa-
cilities in the United States. Most of the Arabic broadcasts
to the Near East and North Africa emanate from the Rhodes
Program Center for direct broadcast over the transmitters
at Rhodes.
Construction of the new Relay Station at Kavala in Greece
is expected to be completed in July, 1972. The Kavala Station
will take over the broadcast schedule currently being carried
on the medium wave transmitter of the Thessaloniki Relay
Station in March, 1972. In August, 1972, the shortwave oper-
ation will be transferred to Kavala from Thessaloniki, at
which time VOA operations of the Thessaloniki Station will
be discontinued.
USIS posts produce news and feature programs for place-
ment on indigenous stations, promote VOA broadcasts, place
on local stations VOA-produced package programs, and-in
certain cases-produce radio program elements for broadcast
by the Voice of America. USIS activities in Brazil and Mex-
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ico illustrate field radio programs. TJSIS Brazil produces and
places two 30-minute programs each week. It also distributes
eight VOA-packaged programs weekly. Approximately 185
radio stations in Brazil now use IJSIS-supplied materials each
rut ith.
( I S I S Mexico produces and places 5-minute commentaries,
two weekly half-hour programs, and a weekly 15-minute pro-
grain on IJ.ti. scientific achievements. It also places 12 VOA-
produced package programs on 29 stations and produces in-
terviews and reportages for use by VOA.
l IAS maintains a 24-hour schedule of broadcasting di-
rected to East Germans.
The station is directed by three career IJSIS officers work-
ing with a top German Directorate, who themselves are radio
well of significant stature in German radio and cultural cir-
c1es, The total German staff is presently 594. Broadcast time
amounts to 2-15 hours per week (in the morning and the eve-
ning transmitters are divided to carry two contrasting pro-
grams with longer periods on weekends). The station produces
from its own resources about 90%% of its varied and sophisti-
eated broadcast schedule ; the remainder coming from the
VOA German feeds, and exchanges with the stations of the
Federal Republic. RIAS is an associate member of the Asso-
ciation of West. German State. Radio Organizations, and thus
offers its programs to these stations in exchange for a signifi-
cant amount of cost-free programming in return.
Its main studios are in one building in Berlin, with a small
studio in Bonn for its daily coverages from the Wrest Germain
capital. The Berlin facilities include twelve studios, a major
facility for recording large orchestras and variety programs;
five mobile units for live coverage from around Berlin; and
and the necessary administrative and technical control offices
anti facilities. Its transmission facilities, located at its base
in the southeastern section of the 1T.S. sector of Berlin, in-
chide, two nrediunr-wave transmitters, two FAT amid one short-
wave transmitter. To cover the heavily populated and indus-
trialized southern area of the GDR, BIAS also operates one
nleclium and one FAT transmitter in Northern Bavaria, near
Hof. All BT.AS medium wave transmissions are continuously
jammed by the GDP around the clock; short-wave and FAT
are not, the former probably because listenership is small, and
the latter bec:ntse jamming would disrupt too many of East
Germany's ow ti broadcasts on nearby frequencies.
1972 and 1973
positions Fiscal year 1972 estimate Fiscal year 1973 estimate
Ameri- Direct Support Direct Support
RIAS _______ ___ 3 $3,418 $99 $3,517 $3, 515 $107 $3,622
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BROADCASTING SERVICE DIRECTION, AND UNDISTRIBUTED COSTS
This activity includes : (1) Certain central management
functions of the Broadcasting Service, such as the Office of
the Director and associated staffs and (2) An allocated por-
tion of the home leave and transfer, training, and other world-
wide support costs related to USIS staff involved in radio
activities.
A summary of FY 1972 and FY 1973 staff and resources
for radio activities is presented below, followed by the weekly
VOA broadcast schedule for those years. The amounts for
radio activities include :
A. Costs for the operation of the Broadcasting Service
(VOA) ;
B. The costs incurred by overseas missions to produce and
place radio programs, and to promote Voice of America
broadcasts; and
C. Radio support for RIAS (Radio in the American Sec-
tor of Berlin).
SUMMARY OF RADIO ACTIVITIES
[Dollar amounts in thousands[
Domestic
support
USIS
missions
1972 estimate
1973 estimate
1. VOA program operations -------------------------------------------
1, 180
--------------
$24, 920
$25, 372
2. Technical broadcasting operations-------------------
1,136
--------------
18,459
19,496
3. Overseas missions activities--------------------------------------
191
r 5, 965
16,058
4. Broadcasting Service direction, and undisturbed costs--
33
10
1,410
1,492
Total, radio activities------------------------
s2,349
201
50,754
52,418
I Includes funds for RIAS. See above.
2 Position data are for 1973. In 1972, VOA has 2,344 positions.
June 30, 1972
June 30: 1973
(Originations
and repeats)
(Originations
and repeats)
East Europe:
Albanian -------------------------'--------------------------------------
3:30
3:30
Armenian--------------------------------------------------------------
7:00
7:00
Bulgarian--------------------------------------------------------------
10:30
10:30
Czech-Slovak-----------------------------------------------------------
14:00
14:00
Estonian---------------------------------------------------------------
7:00
7:00
Georgian---------------------------------------------------------------
7:00
7:00
Hungarian -------------------------------------------------------------
17:30
17:30
Latvian ----------------------------------------------------------------
- 7:00
7:00
Lithuanian-------------------------------------------------------------
7:00
7:00
Polish-----------------------------------------------------------------
14:00
14:00
Romanian--------------------------------------------------------------
10:30
10:30
Russian----------------------------------------------------------------
56:00
70:00
Serbo-Croatian---------------------------------------------------------
7:00
7:00
Slovene----------------------------------------------------------------
3:30
3:30
Ukrainian--------------------------------------------------------------
, 14:00
21:00
Uzbek---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7:00
World-wide English-------------------------------------------------------
(86:30)
(87:30)
West Europe:
Greek------------------------------------------------------------------
3:30
3:30
Turkish----------------------------------------------------------------
- 3:30
3:30
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Africa:
French------------------- ------------ --
swanih --------------------------------------------------------
English to Africa
World-wide English ---------------
Subtotal
Near East and North Africa:
Arabic__.._- ....
World-wide English----- ------- -------------._
June 30, 1972 June 30, 1973
(Originations (Originations
and repeats) and repeats)
31:30 31:30
7:00 7:00
42:00 42:00
(45:30) (45:30)
77:00 77:00
(101:30) (101:30)
Bengali --------------------------------- - -------------- 7:00 7:00
Burmese ------------------------ ------------------ - _- ----------- 7:00 7:00
Hindi . ----------------- ---- - -------- .. ------ --- 7:00 7:00
Urdu__-. -------------- ---------------------- ------- - ------------ 7:00 7:00
World-wide English -------------------------------- ..................... (54:15) (54:15)
Subtotal
Fast Asia and Pacific:
Khmer-------------
Chinese - --- -------- - -------------------------- ---------------
Indonesian
Korean------------------------------------------ ------------
14:00 14:00
10:00 70:00
21:00 21:00
10:30 10:30
7:00 7:00
Russian-- --------------------------------------------
Thai---- 21:00 21:00
----------- -------------------------- -------------- 3:30 3:30
Vietnamese----- V i e t n a m e s e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------- --------------- 35:00 35:00
-
World-wide English------ ------------------------------ --------------- (63:00) (63:00)
Subtotal --------------------------------------------- --- ----------- 182:00 182:00
Latin America:
Spanish-- --- --------------------- --------------- 49:00 49:00
Portuguese--- -------- - --------------------------------- ---- 21:00 21:00
World-wide English ---------------------------------------------- --- (14:00) (14:00)
Subtotal ------------ ----------- --------__ --------------- 70:00 70:00
World-wide English --------------------------------------- --------------- 180:15 180:15
Total Broadcasts-______ _ --------------------------------------------- 810:15 838:15
1'7clisect;ov, 201(a) (1) (B) -Motion picture and television activities
This subsection mithorizes an approlniation in the amount of $11,-
150,000 for motion picture and television activities. For these
activities the Administration requested $15,928,000 as described in its
l>resentation :
Motion picture and television activities of the Agency in-
elnde the operations of the International Screen Service
(ISS) and distribution and production operations of over-
seas missions.
rRODU(TION, ADAPTATION, AND ACQUISITIONS
The Screen Service produces, contracts for, and acquires
films and television programs for use by the overseas mission
iii support of Agency objectives. These programs consist of
single film and TV documentaries as well as series. Certain
[ TSI S posts also produce and/or adapt films and TV
programs.
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The motion picture production activities of the Screen
Service include the development of documentary films and
the provision of newsreel services. In fiscal year 1972, work
is proceeding on approximately 30 documentary films of
varying length, including : "The Numbers Start With the
River," a film on small-town America ; a continuation of the
One Man series of 13-minute color documentaries on the lives
and work of individuals (such as David Federle, Capitol
Page Boy, and Wilson Riles, Superintendent of Schools,
State of California) ; and films in the U.S. Newsreel services
include short filmed coverage of special events for use in
newsreels and television programs overseas.
Television production by ISS includes both television
series and special programs. Special programs treat signifi-
cant developments, timely issues, and aspects of American
life, including policy pronouncements by the President and
other high officials of Government, visits of foreign leaders,
space exploration, and inauguration of satellite ground sta-
tions overseas. The use of satellite television programing is
increasing. For example, last year four programs with Yugo-
slav President Tito were transmitted to Yu;goslavaia during
his visit to the United States. Other television production in-
cludes : Vision USA, a 30-minute series presenting a view of
what is happening in the U.S. today; an American literature
series called The American Experience; a color production
of the opera, The Consul; Correspondente Internacional, a
series for Brazil; Ahora, a series for Latin American audi-
ences; and Science Report, a monthly program shown regu-
larly in 80 countries, on significant developments in Ameri-
can science and technology.
ISS also facilitates coverage by resident foreign corre-
spondents of public affairs events and developments in this
country, and cooperates with visiting- foreign television crews
making special documentaries about the U.S. The Screen
Service is also placing increasing emphasis on the acquisition
of productions from sources outside the Agency. This year,
225 titles are expected to be acquired.
At some posts, program materials provided by ISS are
adapted for local use. Where local facilities exist and where it
is to their advanatge, some posts produce motion picture and
television programs locally. In the East Asia and Pacific
area, for example, six overseas missions engage to some ex-
tent in local motion picture and television productions. In
Latin America, twelve countries are engaged in some such
production-principally Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru,
and Uruguay.
USIS posts distribute and exhibit, film and television pro-
grams through local theatrical and TV outlets, through loans
to private and governmental organizations, and by direct
prof,,-ction by members of the TTSTS staff. The Screen Service
facilitates the distribution and placement of materials at
posts by recording programs in certain languages by pro-
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viding prints of materials, and by supplying posts with
projectors.
The Screen Service manages two television studios and
related facilities in Washington. Color cameras and other
color etluipmetrt are gradually being added to these facilities,
enabling the Screen Service to produce selected program
material in color for kinescope and videotape distribution.
'i'bis activity includes: (1) certain central management
functions of the Screen Service, such as the Office of the Di-
rector and associated staffs; and (2) an allocated portion of
the home leave and transfer, training, and other world-wide
support, costs related to USIS staff involved in motion picture
and television activities.
A snnnuai-v of FY 1972 and FY 1973 staff and resources
for (notion picture and television activities is presented below.
The amounts include: (a) costs for the operation of the
Screen Service (IS5) ; and (b) costs incurred by overseas
missions to distribute and produce motion picture and tele-
vision materials.
SUMMARY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ACTIVITIES
]Dollars in thousands]
Domestic
media
USIS
missions
1972
estimate
1973
estimate
1. Production, adaptation, and acquisition_____________
121
155
$7,863
$7,914
2. Distribution and placement________________________
36
r 401
4,932
5,045
3. Domestic technical facilities________________________
60
----------- ___
1,361
1,365
4. Screen service direction, and undistributed costs
45
29
1,994
1,998
Total, motion pictures and TV activities-----.---.
262
r 585
16, 150
16,322
1973 estimate. 1972 estimate includes 1 additional position equivalent.
Nvbsection't, 201 (a)(1) (C) Press and publicationv, activities
This authorizes an appropriation of $17,914,000 for press and pub-
lications activities. The Administration requested $25,592,000 as set
forth below:
The (tress and publications activities of the Agency cover
a wide range of products and services generated both by the
Press and Publications Service (IPS) and by overseas mis-
sions.
WLImELESs FILE PIZODTT(1TION, TRANSMISSION, ANI) DISTRIBUTION
The Press and Publications Service operates a worldwide
radio-teletype communications system known as the wire-
less file. One of the Agency's main fast channels of regular
communication with USIS posts, it conists of five regional
transmissions sent five days weekly to 127 monitoring posts.
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The files, which run from 10,000 to 15,000 words daily, to
each region, feature key U.S. Government statements and
articles explaining American policy, government operations,
and aspects of American life. Major sources of this material
are the White House, the Congress, Departments of State and
Defense, other federal agencies and private American institu-
tions and authorities. The files also carry regional stories and
interviews of particular interest to specific areas or countries
and editorial wrapups. The files emphasize full textual treat-
ment of official materials not available through commercial
sources. Material sent in the wireless file is used by USIS
posts in several different ways : for placement in indigenous
media and post-produced publications ; for distribution of
selected items directly to interested officials, heads of various
organizations, and other key people ; and for timely back-
ground information on major issues. Such background infor-
mation is used by USIS and Embassy officers in their per-
sonal contacts with editors, writers, government officials, and
other opinion leaders.
IPS produces six magazines, two of which-Dialogue and
Problems of Communism=-are for worldwide distribution.
Dialogue is a scholarly quarterly which consists primarily of
reprints from U.S. journals. It presents a diversity of opinion
and analysis on subjects of international interest, including
urban problems, economic development, science and technol-
ogy, and literature and the arts. Problems of Communism is
a bi-monthly journal which features articles from scholars
presenting in-depth analyses of developments in communist
countries. Both magazines are reprinted in foreign-language
versions.
Three other IPS magazines carry substantive texts in for-
mats emphasizing visual impact through quality photog-
raphy and modern typography. American Illustrated, pub-
lished monthly in Russian and Polish, is designed to present
a balanced picture of American cultural and technological
achievements. It is sold in the USSR and Poland under recip-
rocal agreements which limit the number of copies sold to
60,000 in Russian and 30,000 in Polish. Topic, with a circula-
tion of 45,000, is issued eight times a year in English and
French for sub-Sahara Africa. It emphasizes aspects of the
American scene which are significant to Africa as part of its
focus on U.S.-African relationships. Al Majal, which is pub-
lished eight times a year in Arabic in 19,000 copies, empha-
sizes U.S.-Arab mutual interests and American cultural, sci-
entific and social progress.
Horizons, a monthly magazine in English for USIS posts
in Southeast Asia, explains the United States and its policies,
especially those most relevant to Southeast Asia. This 60,630-
circulation magazine also provides a major source of material
for similar one-country magazines published by USIS posts
in Thailand, Viet-Nam, the Philippines, Nepal and Laos.
Many posts prepare magazines of their own which are dis-
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tributed in the countries where they originate. A few cir-
culate in other countries as well. Included in this category are
In forma.tiorr and I)ocvi ents, a 94,(100-circulation semi-
monthly current affairs magazine published by I SIS Paris
and distributed in France and in French-speaking countries
of Africa, and World Today, produced in Chinese by USIS
Hong Kong and circulated in 113,600 copies in East Africa.
Examples of other new post-produced publications include
Slian in India, a monthly in English with a circulation of
130,000; sheen hrontlers in Iran, a monthly in Farsi dis-
tributed in 2:I,500 copies; A5'aber in Mexico, a Spanish-
language monthly with a circulation of 19,200; and the
Japanese-language Trends in Japan, with a highly-targeted
circulation of 7,120.
1 I'S supports post-produced periodicals by providing edi-
torial and technical assistance, by furnishing paper and other
supplies when printed locally, and-in some cases--by print-
ing the periodicals at one of its three overseas printing plants.
OTHER PRESS ACTIVITIES, PAMPHLETS. LEAFLETS, AND PHOTOS
Activities included here cover a variety of products and
services provided by the Press and Publications Service and
by overseas posts.
Feature articles-less timely than material carried in the
wireless file, but covering the same broad range of subjects
related to Agency themes-are regularly produced by IPS
and sent to hiSIS posts by air. USIS posts use these feature
materials primarily for placement in local magazines and
periodicals. They are also placed in USIS post publications
and used in connection with seminars and discussion groups.
IPS furnishes posts with picture stories and news and feature
photos for placement in local publications, and also provides
posts with press supplies and equipment required for their
local publications.
Pamphlets and leaflets are prepared and printed both by
IPS and by overseas missions. Pamphlets are on subjects such
as the American economy, arts, government, science, and
history.
PRESS SERVICE PRINTING FACILITIES
Major printing facilities of IPS are located at Regional
Service Centers in Manila, Beirut and Mexico City. Prin-
cipal IPS publications, as well as many of the periodicals
and pamphlets produced by posts, are printed at these
centers.
PRESS SERVICE DIRECTION, AND UNDTSTRHBITTED COSTS
This activity includes: 1) certain central management
fiurctions of the Press and Publications Service, such as the
Ofli(c of the Director and associated staffs, and the servicing
of. all operational telegraphic traffic for the Agency (1973
estimate, ~1,263,000) ; and 2) all allocated portion of the
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home leave and transfer, training and other world-wide costs
related to USIS staff involved in press and publications
activities.
A summary of FY 1972 and FY 1973 staff and resources
for Press and Publications activities is presented below. The
amounts include: a) costs for the Press and Publications
Service (IPS) ; and b) costs incurred by overseas missions
to distribute and produce press and publications materials.
SUMMARY OF PRESS AND PUBLICATIONS ACTIVITIES
[Dollars in thousands]
Domestic
media
USIS
1972
estimate
1973
estimate
1. Wireless file production, transmission, and distribution-
83
335
$5, 868
$6, 029
2. Periodicals---------------------------------------
89
1362
7,336
7,472
3. Other press activities pamphlets, leaflets, and photos__
124
1 698
9, 511
9,669
4. Press service printing facilities_____________________
348
--------------
1,694
1,954
,
5. Press service direction, and undistributed costs -------
58
72
3,925
3
906
Total, press and publications activities______________ 702 11,467 28,334 29,030
- ----------------------
1 Position equivalents are for 1973. In 1972 the estimate for overseas missions position equivalents for periodicals is
366; for other press activities, 705; for all press and publications activities, 1,467.
Subsection 201(a) (1) (D). Centers and Related Activities
This subsection authorizes an appropriation of $29,623,000 for over-
seas information centers and related activities. This is the full amount
requested by the Administration in its presentation which follows :
The Agency's centers and related programs span a wide
range of programs, products, and services provided by the
Information Center Service (ICS) and by USIS posts.
These include book programs, multimedia program develop-
ment, support for binational centers, and the operation and
support of overseas information centers and related activities.
The Agency supports a variety of commercial publishing
programs designed to promote the widest possible dissemina-
tion abroad of books which illustrate important aspects of
American life and culture. Special emphasis is placed on
those titles which describe American political, economic, so-
cial, and philosophical development.
The support of the Agency may take several forms, such
as obtaining foreign-language rights ; absorbing translation
and promotion costs; giving sufficient support to decrease the
retail price; or agreeing to purchase part of the foreign edi-
tion. American publishers are assisted in the production of
special low-priced export editions in English for sale abroad
by local book dealers.
For example, by an arrangement with Yugoslav publish-
ers, English reprints of 20 titles in the American studies cat-
egory have been produced and sold in Eastern Europe. In
the India textbook program the Agency, in 1971, financed
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publication of 59 titles. The texts, selected by representatives
of the Indian and American Governments, are sold to Indian
students for one,-fourth of the. II.S. price.
l'raIlslated editions are prepared by qualified residents of
the countries in which the languages are used and published
by reputable publishers in those countries. Among the regu-
lar animal output in the book publishing program at present
arc about -12 titles per Year in French for distribution
throughout French-speaking Africa; 18 titles in Arabic for
sale throughout the Arabic-spcalnng area ; 22 titles in Serbo-
Croatian for sale to Yugoslav students; and Its titles in
Spanish for Latin American audiences.
Most, editions arc unabrridged, but some topical books are
condensed to reach a larger audience. A numbea? are published
in simplified English versions for overseas readers. In the
Agency's Ladder Book Series, for example, books are adapted
to vocabulary levels from 1,000 to 5,000 high frequency Eng-
lish words, and published by U.S. publishers.
In addition to its publishing programs, the Agency distri-
bnles abroad new books donated by American publishers.
Through the IJSIS posts, these books are given to selected
foreign recipients which include government officials, school
administrators and teachers, university faculties and libraries.
Over the last two fiscal years 4.2 million donated books have
been distributed in this mnanner.
The Information Center Service is exploring the develop-
ment of programs on important subjects, using a number of
media. (exhibits, publications, films, other audio-visual ma-
terials, speakers, etc.) in combinations which complement and
reinforce the information and impressions being communi-
cated. In addition, regular exhibits and components will con-
tinue, to be provided to meet post needs. Seminars and lectures
will be used in combination with exhibits and multimedia
programs.
Binational Centers are institutions (jointly sponsored by
American residents and nationals of the host countries) oper-
ating for the purpose of disseminating information about the
United States and the host country, and of fostering cultural
exchange and better mutual understanding. They conduct
academic and cultural programs, and many emphasize the
teaching of English to nationals of the host country.
The Agency provides support to 127 of these institutions,
100 of which are in 19 Latin American countries. The kind
and extent of support varies from center to center, but could
include : 1) Grants made by USTS posts for program ma-
terials, to help meet local operating expenses, and to finance
special projects; 2) Grants to selected binational centers to
assist them in acquiring adequate space for their activities;
3) The provision by ICS of American books and publications,
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and supplies and equipment not available locally; 4) The de-
velopment and supply of English-teaching materials by ICS
for the extensive English-teaching programs run by the bi-
national centers. These materials give accurate information
on American life, ideas, and political and economic systems.
ICS publishes the English Teaching Forum, a bi-monthly
professional journal, with a circulation of around 75,000;
5) The assignment of Agency personnel to assist in the man-
agement of the centers. In Latin America, for example, 43
Americans are assigned to 38 selected centers.
MISSION INFORMATION CENTER OPERATIONS, RELATED ACTIVITIES
AND SUPPORT
The activities included in this section relate primarily to
the operation of the Agency's 164 information centers and
reading rooms overseas.
USIS posts rent, maintain and operate these centers and
reading rooms, which are the focal points for a variety of re-
lated activities. These include the operation of exhibits ; the
promotion of English teaching by conducting classes and
seminars, and providing textbooks, supplies and other sup-
port to local institutions offering English language instruc-
tion; the selection of publications for use in libraries and
for presentation to institutions and carefully selected key
opinion leaders; conduct and support of programs that pro-
mote all aspects of American life and culture through semi-
nars, conferences, lectures, concerts, and art exhibitions; and
the encouragement and assistance to foreign universities in
establishing courses in American studies. The Information
Center Service provides materials, supplies and equipment to
support the posts in these activities. In addition, the Center
Service advises posts on the contents and program relevance
of books considered for use i.n libraries and for presentation;
and on the whole range of center related activities.
CENTER SERVICE DIRECTION, AND UNDISTRIBUTED COSTS
This activity includes : 1) certain central management
functions of the Information Center Service, such as the Office
of the Director and associated staffs; and 2) an allocated por-
tion of the home leave and transfer, training, and other world-
wide support costs related to USIS staff involved in centers
and related activitie~
A summary of FY 1972 and FY 1973 resources for centers
and related activities is presented below. The amounts in-
clude: a) costs for the operation of the Information Center
Service (ICS) ; and b) costs incurred by overseas missions
for the support of center operations and related activities.
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SUMMARY OF CENTERS AND RELATED ACTIVITIES
[Dollars in thousands[
Domestic
media
USIS
1972
estimate
1973
estimate.
1. Book programs -----------------------------------
32
188
$4,759
$4,780
2. Multimedia program development -_--------------
52
--------------
1,163
1, 134
3. Binational center support--__ -
26
r 127
4,384
4, 278
4. Mission information center operations, related activi-
ties and support ----- ---------------------------
79
r 1,348
19, 435
20, 354
5. Center service direction, and undistributed costs ------
22
87
3,788
3,736
Total, centers and related activities
211
r 1,750
33,529
34, 282';
1973 position equivalents. I n 1972, position equivalents are 126 for binational center support, 1,375 forcenter operations
and support activities, and 1,776 for all centers and related activities.
Subsection 201 (a) (1) (E). Program direction, and general support,
shared administrative expenses, and research and assessment
This subsection authorizes an appropriation of $40,914,000 for pro-
gram direction, general support, shared administrative expenses and
research and development activities. For these purposes, the Admin-
istration requested $58,448,000. Its presentation follows :
The Agency's central management functions, both domestic
and overseas, are grouped under this heading.
Program and policy direction are carried out by the Di-
rector, by the Office of Policy and Plans, by Area Directors
and their staffs, and by USIS officers supervising country
programs.
The Director and his Deputy are responsible for the overall
planning and direction of the Agency's program. In addition
to the Director's immediate staff, the Office of the Director in-
cludes an Executive Secretariat, an Operations Center and a
Resource Analysis Staff.
The O fflee of Policy and Plans, under the Director's guid-
ance, formulates information policies for the Agency. The
Office obtains policy guidance from the White House and the
Department of State, and maintains regular contact with
other agencies of Government and private organizations. It
provides basic themes and program emphases for the oper-
ating elements of the Agency and coordinates media output.
it provides professional expertise on specialized topics such
as national security and science. The Office undertakes plan-
ning in support of executive decisions and reviews plans of
overseas missions and other Agency elements to assure that
operations are consistent with policy objectives and priorities.
This Office also operates centers for foreign correspondents
in New York and Washington, D.C., to assist newsmen from
abroad in reporting accurately on the American scene. The
centers offer a reference service, aid foreign journalists in
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arranging interviews of government officials, and provide
photographs and background materials.
Assistant Directors for the Geographic Areas supervise the
Agency's programs in or directed to countries in their re-
spective areas.
Program Direction by Overseas Staff's. In addition to the
Program and Policy Direction provided by the domestic of-
fices, USIS Public Affairs Officers and members of their staffs
provide direction in the field for 109 country programs in-
volving operations at 192 posts.
The Agency also provides a small staff to assist the members
of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Information. The staff
prepares program materials for the Commission's quarterly
reports to the Director of the Agency and for reports to
Congress.
DIRECT ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER SUPPORT
Included in this section are the activities of several domestic
elements-the Offices of General Counsel, Public Information,
Security, Personnel and Training, and Administration-and
of USIS staff members when engaged in the administrative
functions required by their country programs.
The O face of the General Counsel conducts the legal affairs
and Congressional relations of the Agency. It advises the
Director and other Agency officials on the meaning and intent
of laws, executive orders, international agreements, and de-
cisions of law which affect the Agency's operations; on the
legal authority concerning the Agency ; and on legal implica-
tions of proposed activities. The Office represents the Agency
in hearings arising on disputes on contracts, equal employment
opportunity, and licensing. It also secures necessary rights
clearances for the Agency's programs.
The Office of Public Information responds to questions
from the American public concerning the purposes and oper-
ations of the Agency; prepares and issues news releases on
appropriate activities, policies, and personnel actions; pre-
pares the semiannual report to Congress ; publishes a house
organ ten times a year; and conducts public tours of the
Voice of America studios.
The Office of Security directs and carries out all Agency
security operations involving personnel, physical, and docu-
mentary security matters. As the investigative arm of the
Agency, it evaluates and determines whether applicants for
employment and prospective Agency contractors meet the
security standards of the Agency, and conducts investigations
and makes recommendations in all security matters.
The Office of Personnel and Training is responsible for the
development and application of Agency domestic and foreign
service personnel policy covering the recruitment, training,
assignment and career development of Agency employees.
The Office of Administration provides central administra-
tive services to the Agency domestically, and maintains ar-
rangements with the Department of State for reimbursable
administrative support services to the Agency's overseas op-
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orations. The central administrative services supplied include :
budgeting, fiscal operations, emergency planning, contract
and procurement, central management, automatic data pro(-,
essing, property management, communications and records,
travel and transportation arrangements, reproduction serv-
ices, and certain field services.
Direct Administrative Servieinq by Overseas Missions.
Certain administrative costs and servicing functions are pro-
vide(i directly by ITSIS overseas missions in support of their
country programs. Included in this category are rents, utili-
ties, and maintenance of residential and non-residential space;
certain communications charges; procurement of miscellane-
ous supplies, equipment, and furnishings; costs for maintain-
ing general purpose vehicles; and the staff time required of
TTSIS personnel to furnish administrative services.
1 summary of FY 1972 and FY 1973 staff and resources
for program direction and general support is presented be-
low. The amounts provided include: a) costs of central man-
a(,,ement functions provided by domestic element ; and b)
overseas missions costs for direction and support, including
allocated positions of home leave and transfer, training, and
other world-wide support costs for staff engaged in these
activities.
SUMMARY OF PROGRAM DIRECTION AND GENERAL SUPPORT
1972
1973
1972 and 1973 estimate
positions (thousands)
estimate
(thousands)
Program and policy direction- domestic program and policy direction:
Office of the Director--- - -------------------------------
Offi
f P
l
41
$874
$868
ce o
o
icy and Plans__ _.________________
------------------
Offi
f
48
1
147
1
129
ces o
the Area Directors-------------------
U
S
Ad
is
C
i
i
102
,
2,504
,
2
502
.
.
v
ory
omm
ss
on on Information________________________
3
89
,
89
Total, domestic program and policy direction -------------------
Pro
ram di
ti
b
194
4, 614
4
588
g
rec
on
y overseas staffs --------------------------------
1466
7,046
,
6,961
Total, program and policy direction- --------------------------
660
11,660
11,549
-
-_:
Direct administration and other support--direct domestic support:
Office of General Counsel ___--______________________ __________
Offi
f P
19
381
380
ce o
ublic Information -------------
-----------------------
Offi
9
196
913
ce of Security________ __ ____________________
--------------
Off
59
1,422
458
1
ice of Personnel and Training--------------------------------
Off
f A
126
2,315
,
2
276
ice o
dministration----------------------------------------
399
7,659
,
7,657
Total, domestic support ____---------------------------------
Di
t
d
612
11,973
11
964
rec
a
ministrative expenses of overseas missions__________________
1 621
14,640
,
14, 359
Total, direct administration and other support------------------
1,233
26, 613
26,323
Total, program direction and general support -------------------
1,893
38, 273
37, 872
1 1973 estimate. The estimates for 1972 position equivalents for program direction by overseas staffs is 470; and for
direct administration for overseas staffs, 633 position equivalents.
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT (FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE)
The Agency reimburses the Department of State fora share
of the cost of the Department's overseas administrative. opera-
tions. The reimbursement is based on the administrative sup-
port provided ITSIS posts by the Department, both here and
abroad. The FY 1973 estimate for the reimbursement is
$20,483,000.
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The administrative servicing to be furnished to USIS
posts by the Department in 1973 includes : (1) Communica-
tions, primarily telegraphic traffic and pouching, at an esti-
mated cost of $3,257,000; (2) Procurement, contracting, and
other general services such as building operations, vehicle
operations and maintenance, shipping and customs clearance,
and the furnishing of administrative supplies, $4,962,000;
(3) A variety of other administrative support services includ-
ing budget and fiscal, personnel, security, medical, and lan-
guage and area training, estimated to cost $4,762,000 in 1973;
and (4) The Agency's share of the cost for the communica-
tions, procurement, and other services used directly by the
Department of State's shared administrative support opera-
tion overseas, $6,953,000.
The Department also provides administrative support for
the Agency's radio relay stations, radio program centers,
and regional press centers overseas ; and furnishes several
services in support of Agency operations in the U.S., such
as translation and health room services.
A summary of FY 1972 and FY 1973 requests for Admin-
istrative Support is presented below.
SUMMARY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
[From Department of State]
Fiscal year Fiscal yye73
1972 1
estimate estimate
Support for overseas missions:
1. Communications--------------- --- ------------------------------------ $3, 133 $3, 257
2. Procurement, contracting, and general services----------------------_------ 4,738 4,962
3. Other support for posts---------------------------------------------------- 4,606 4,762
4. Administrative operations-------------------------------------------------- 6,576 6,953
--------------
support for overseas missions-----------------------------------------
Total
19,053
19,934
,
Support for other agency operations -----------------------------------------------
1,166
1,238
Deduct reimbursements ----------------------------------------------------------
-659
-689
Total, direct obligations, administrative support -------------------------------
19,560
20, 483
RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT
The Agency systematically examines the effectiveness of
its programs to ensure that they serve USIA objectives with
maximum efficiency. This evaluation function is carried on
primarily by the Office of Research and Assessment (IOR),
which includes research, media reaction reporting, inspection
and audit of overseas operations, special evaluations and
analyses, the Agency library and historian ; and by research
activities of overseas posts.
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SUMMARY OF RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES
[Dollar amounts in thousands]
1972 and
1973 positions
1972 estimate
1973 estimate
Office of Research and Assessment
1. Research studies_._ ----------
71
$2,073
$2
053
2. Inspection and audit ____________________________
15
502
,
474
3. Agency library- _.__ __--
37
604
604
4. Direction and support__________________________________
21
555
526
Total, Office of Research and Assessment--------------------
144
3, 734
657
3
Research activities of overseas missions ...-_- -__
55
1,015
,
935
Total, research and assessment activities ------- _- _-----------
199
4,749
4,592
Sec. 201 (a) (2). 8peeia77 foreign currency program
This subsection authorizes an appropriation of $12,500,000 in for-
eign currencies owned by the United States Government and deter-
mined to be excess to the normal requirements of the United States.
This amount was requested by the Administration. Its presentation
follows :
The Agency's special foreign currency appropriation, to-
gether with the balances available from prior years is used
for payments in U.S.-owned foreign currencies in those
countries where the Treasury Department has determined
that the supply of such currencies is excess to the normal
requirements of the I`.S. Government. For 1973, these
"excess" countries are Burma, Guinea, India (and Nepal),
Israel, Pakistan, Poland, Tunisia, the Arab Republic of
Egypt, and Yugoslavia. The Agency will continue to make
full use of foreign currencies to meet local program expenses
in these countries in 1973.
The 1973 request is for $12.5 million. $500 thousand less
than appropriated for 1972. This amount would permit con-
tinuation of the. 1972 program in 1973 at approximately the
same levels, and would provide for the built-in cost changes
in wages, services, and maintenance of facilities. Positions
funded for this account, in 1973 would remain unchanged at
a total of 994 local employees.
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SALARIES AND EXPENSES (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM) --SUMMARY OF AVAILABILITY AND
OBLIGATION REQUIREMENTS
Comparative
Available transfers Less
from Actual or to (-) or Total actual or Carryover to
prior estimated from dollar obligating estimated subsequent
years, appropriation appropriation authority obligations years
Fiscal year 1971:
Excess currency countries--____ $747, 277
$13, 000, 000
-$1, 590, 600
$12,156, 677
559
23
$10, 936, 796
3
630
$1,219,881
19
929
Restricted currency countries __- 23,559
---------------------------
,
,
,
Total, 1971 actual___________ 770,836
13,000,000
-1,590,600
12, 180,236
10,940,426
1,239,810
Fiscal year 1972:
Excess currency countries------ 1,469,881
13, 000, 000
-1,471,363
12, 998, 518
12, 471, 797
526, 721
Restricted currency countries ___ 19,929 _______----- _---- _______
19,929
10,650
9,279
Total, 1972 estimate--------- 1,489,810
13, 000, 000
-1,471,363
13, 018, 447
12, 482, 447
536, 000
Fiscal year 1973:
Excess currency countries------ 776,721
12, 500,000
--------------
13,276,721
279
9
13,276,721
279
9
------------
Restricted currency countries--- 9,279
---------------------------
,
,
-_______-_--
Total,1973estimate 786,000
12,500,000 --------------
13,286,000
13, 286,000
------------
I Includes $403,101 in 1971 and $250,000 estimated in 1972 and 1973 resulting from the recovery of prior year obligations.
Note: An analysis showing the requirements for funding continuing 1972 programs in 1973 under the Special Foreign
Currency appropriation appears with the Leadoff tab statement for the regular Salaries and Expenses appropriation.
Sec. 201(a) (3). Special international exhibitions
This subsection authorizes appropriations of $5,036,000 for inter-
national exhibitions and fairs pursuant to the authority contained in
the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1901 as set
forth in its presentation :
The U.S. Information Agency directs and coordinates cer-
tain government-wide activities pursuant to the provisions of
this Act under Executive Order 11034 of June 25,1962. Funds
for the program are appropriated to the Agency on a no-year
(available until expended) basis and may be allocated in part
to other agencies for conduct of collateral activities.
The program conducted under these authorizations is cur-
rently focused on East Europe, the Soviet Union, and Berlin.
The topical, rather than purely commercial, character of the
exhibitions presented under this program extends its appeal
to virtually all audiences. The program involves the develop-
ment and presentation of exhibitions at international fairs
and other selected locations, and special exhibitions circulated
in accordance with cultural exchange agreements or ad hoc
arrangements. The exhibits include, in addition to various
aspects of American life and culture presented in American
environments, seminars conducted by American specialists
eminent in the particular exhibition's theme ; bi-lingual
American guides ; libraries of publications pertaining to the
theme; quality brochures for mass distribution; extensive
coverage by other Agency media such as VOA; invitational
press previews; guided tours for VIP and special groups. The
exhibitions generate extensive local press, TV, radio, and
newsreel coverage.
The Department of Labor, using funds allocated by the
Agency, presents labor exhibits and seminars independently,
and at international fairs, often in conjunction with Agency
exhibitions. In these presentations, American experts discuss
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industrial safety and hygiene, manpower, training, and simi-
lar subjects with their host country counterparts. These pro-
grams are coordinated closely with the Agency so as to comple-
ment. ITSTS country plans.
The 1973 .program request totals $5,030,000, including the
budget amendment to be proposed. It provides for eight ex-
hibitions at international fairs in Berlin and five countries
of Eastern Europe, three showings in the. USSR of the Re-
search and Development Exchange Exhibit, completing the
scheduled six showings which began in FY 1972, and seven
reshowings in Romania and Poland of - former USSR ex-
change exhibits. The amount of $1,552,000, projected as a
budget amendment, is included in the request for advance
costs to prepare and staff two showings for a new exhibition
anticipated under the pending TT.S./USSR Cultural Ex-
change Agreement for 1972 and 1973. A balance of $1,798,000
will be requested in FY 1974 for this exhibit to complete the
showing schedule, bringing total two-year funding for the
project to $3.350.000. The availability of FY 1973 funds will
assure an exhibition staffed and ready for opening by May
1973. Without the funding in FY 1973, some 12 months would
elapse before another exhibition could be presented following
the last showing of "Research and Development" in the
USSR.. Negotiations for the new agreement are scheduled for
March, 1972.
The Labor Mission allocation program provides for semi-
nars at four international fairs in East Europe and four
circulating exhibits to be, shown at several sites in Yugoslavia,
Argentina, Central America, and the Arabian Peninsula.
A summary of requests for these programs is presented
below.
SPECIAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS-DOLLAR AND SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNTS
[Dollars in thousands]
1972 and 1973 positions 1972 estimate
Proiects/ Projects(
American Local showings Amount showings
Amount
A. Fairs and exhibitions-U.S.
Information Agency: r 10 $1
717 2 10
$1,582
,
1. Trade fairs ----------- -----------------------------
2. Reshowing of exchange 7 443 7
477
exhibits in East Europe ------ -----_-_-___-------
3. U.S.S.R. exchange exhibits: 3 1
556 3
738
,
(a) 6th series ___------------------------------ 2
1,552
(b) 7th series--- ---------------------------------------------------
4. Staff and general operating
1
218
1,245
,
58 6
costs_____ ---
Total, fairs and exhibi?
934 22
6 20 4
5,574
,
58
tions-_-__------
B. Labor missions-Department of
6 ------------ 8 223 8
L
b
239
or -__-_------------ ----
a
C. Osaka World's Fair -------- ----------- ------------------- 3
----------
Deduct:reimbursementsand _1
--______ -777
504
_
,
balances applied-----------------------
--------------
-
----
Total, appropriation and request ____ -_-_- 3,706 ------------ 5, D36
Represents 7 exhibitions occurring in fiscal year 1972 and 3 projects requiring advance funding.
2 Represents 8 exhibitions occurring in fiscal year 1973 and 2 projects requiring advance funding.
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Sec. 201 (a) (4). Acquisition and construction of radio facilities
This subsection authorizes an appropriation of $1,000,000 for radio
construction, repair and engineering research. This amount was re-
quested by the Executive Branch as set forth in its presentation :
This authorization of appropriation provides funds on an
available-until-expended basis for use in the continuing
Agency program to improve the capabilities of VOA's world-
wide broadcasting system.
The Kavala Relay Station is the only major project cur-
rently active. Construction is continuing on this $28,000,000
project. The medium wave facility is expected to be completed
and on-air in March 1972. The shortwave portion of the sta-
tion is expected to be completed by July 1972 with an antici-
pated on-air date of August 1, 1972.
Funds in the amount of $1,000,000 are requested in FY 1973
to provide $900,000 for the continuing program of major im
provements, replacements and repairs to maintain and im-
prove the efficiency of existing facilities; and $100,000 for the
engineering research program for improvement of broadcast-
ing techniques and facilities components. The maintenance
and repair request includes projects that range in individual
cost from under $10,000 to $160,000, and involve most of the
VOA Relay Stations. The research funds are requested to con-
tinue ionospheric propagation research.
The 1972 and 1973 fund requirements within this appro-
priation are shown below.
It
Purpose
1972 estimate
(thousands)
1973 estimate
(thousands)
Major construction projects:
Greece construction (Kavala)_________________________________________________
$1,043
--------------
Other major construction projects---------------------------------------------
380
--------------
Total, major projects- ------------------------------------------
1,423
--------------
Engineering research____________________________________________________________
167
$100
M '
ajorimprovements, repjacementsand repairs_____________________________________
1 2
,6 8
900
Total, funds____________--------------------------------------------------
Less balances applied---------------------------------------------------------
3,218
-2, 118
1,000
-------------
Appropriations enacted and requested_______________________________________
1,100
1,000
Sec. 202. Providing certain basic authorities
Section 202 of the proposed legislation according to the executive
branch
would amend Title VIII of the United States Informa-
tion and Educational Exchange Act to authorize specific
items by adding new sections 804 and 805. Annual appropria-
tion acts of the Agency have invariably included items which
were not authorized in substantive legislation. Both the
Standing Rules of the Senate and the Rules of the House
of Representatives make such substantive legislation in an
appropriation act subject to a point of order (Rule XVI-2
of the Standing Rules of the Senate and the Rules of the
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House of Representatives make such substantive legislation
in an appropriation act subject to a point of order (Rule
XVI-2 of the Standing Rules of the Senate and Rule
XXVI-2 of the Rules of the House of Representatives.
Therefore, the proposed legislation is, for the most part, a
codification in. basic legislation of administrative authori-
ties which have regularly been made available in annual ap-
propriation acts. In general, the proposals are identical with
the language regularly included in such appropriation acts
and do not constitute any new authority.
Sec. 804(7).
This subsection, described below, is similar to that included
in the Agency appropriation acts since the establishment
of the Agency in 1953 and does not constitute any enlarge-
ment of existing Agency authority.
The language authorizes the Agency to employ aliens
abroad for service in the United States related to translation
or narration. For example, it may not be possible to find in
the T Jnited States citizens who have the proper accent or who
are familiar with the up-to-date idiom of certain languages
or dialects. In such instances the Agency call recruit and
employ qualified narrators and translators directly from
abroad.
No new authority.
Sec.804(2).
This subsection is complementary to subsection 804(a) and
simply authorizes the Agency to pay travel expenses of aliens
employed abroad and their dependents to and. from the
United States and their countries of residence.
No new authority.
Sec.804(3).
Agency appropriation acts have regularly included au-
thority similar to that proposed in subsection 804(c) for en-
tertainment within the United States. Under the proposed
languages, expenditures for entertainment are authorized
only when and to the extent specifically provided for in an
appropriation act.
No new authority.
Sec. 80.E (.) .
This subsection authorizes the Agency to secure liability
insurance on official vehicles operated abroad. It is common
practice for Embassy vehicles, both State Department and
USIA, to carry liability insurance. In many foreign coun-
tries such insurance coverage is mandatory under local law.
The Comptroller General has ruled consistently that ap-
propriated funds may not be expended, in the absence of
statutory authority, to purchase insurance to cover the Gov-
ernnient's possible tort liability (19 C.G. 798).
No new authority.
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Sec. 804 (5).
Agency appropriation acts have regularly included author-
ity to settle tort claims in the manner authorized in the first
paragraph of Section 2672 as amended, of Title 28 of the
United States Code, when such claims arise in foreign coun-
tries. Without such authority only administrative settlement
of domestic tort claims would be permitted because subsec-
tion (k) of Section 2680 of the Tort Claims Act excludes any
claim arising in a foreign country.
No new authority.
Sec. 804 (6).
This subsection, which is similar to authority regularly
contained in Agency appropriation acts, permits the Agency
to contract with aliens abroad. The nature of the Agency's
program involving such varied activities as exhibits, lectures,
periodical distribution, etc. requires the use of local contrac-
tual services.
Specific statutory authority is necessary for employment of
personal services by contract as a result of numerous deci-
sions of the Comptroller General (25 C.G. 579; 26 C.G. 468)
to the effect that all. employment of personal services must be
by appointment in accordance with Civil Service and Classi-
fication laws or the Foreign Service Act of 1946 in the ab-
sence of statutory authority for employment by contract.
No new authority.
Sec. 804 (7).
The Comptroller General has ruled (3 C.G. 828; 18 C.G.
238), that in the absence of specific statutory authority, ap-
propriated funds cannot be used to purchase ice or drinking
water. Agency appropriation acts have regularly contained
such authority. No new authority.
Sec. 804(8).
The Comptroller General has held (19 C.G. 625), that in
the absence of specific statutory authority therefor, appro-
priated funds are not available for payment of excise taxes on
checks drawn on United States Government deposits in for-
eign banks. Agency appropriation acts have regularly in-
cluded such authority.
No new authority.
Sec. 804 (9) .
Statutory authority exists for the transportation of re-
mains of employees from abroad to the United States (22
U.S.C. 1136(8) ; 5 U.S.C. 5742). The transportation to their
homes of the remains of persons serving abroad under grant
or contract in Agency activities is not covered by existing
statutory authority. The proposed subsection is similar to au-
thority regularly included in Agency appropriation acts.
No new authority.
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Sec. 804 (10), (11),and (12).
These subsections are similar to authority regularly in-
cluded in Agency appropriation acts for rental and main-
teance of office and residential quarters. In keeping with
existing and past practices, leases may be made for a maxi-
mum of 5 years.
No new authority.
Sec. 801 (13) .
This subsection is identical to authority included in re-
curring Agency appropriation acts. Under this authority,
Agency personnel attending international conferences abroad
can be paid travel expenses and per diem at the rates estab-
1 ished by the Secretary of State for the particular confer-
ences without regard to the Standardized Government Travel
Regulations.
No new authority.
Sec. 805.
This section, which is repetitive of technical language in
recurring Agency appropriation acts, permits the Agency to
charge the appropriation for the fiscal year in which travel
begins for all expenses of such travel even though not con-
cluded until sometime in the succeeding fiscal year.
No new authority.
See. 203. Limitation upon prior authorization requirement
According to the Executive Branch's analysis
This section would assure that permanent appropriations
under which payments are made directly from trust funds and
other similar accounts in accordance with existing statutory
authority are excluded from the application of section 407 of
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1971. There are a number of
such existing authorities. They include, for example, the use
of proceeds from the sale to foreign governments of films
owned or controlled by the United States Information
Agency; the use of funds advanced from foreign govern-
ments to replace damaged Agency property; and the expendi-
ture of funds received from non-Federal sources, primarily
business concerns, for use at international exhibitions.
Sec. 204. Dissemination of information within the United
States
This section prohibits the internal distribution of USIA materials.
The Smith-Mundt Act, the basic authority for USIA, speaks only
in terms of dissemination of information overseas, with the proviso
that, materials sent overseas be available for examination by the pri-
vate media services and "on request, shall be made available to Mem-
bers of Congress."
However, Acting Attorney General Richard G. Kleindienst recently
ruled that, in his view, the purpose of the provision relative to the
press and Members of Congress ". .. was to make USIA materials
available to the American public, through the press and Members of
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Congress." The exchange of correspondence between the Chairman
of the Committee and Acting Attorney General Pleindienst follows :
UNITED STATES SENATE,
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS,
Hon. RICHARD G. KLEINDIENST,
Acting Attorney General,
Department of Justice,
Washington, D.C.
Washington., D.C., March 28,1972.
DEAR, MR. KLEINDIENST : My attention has been drawn to the pro-
posed use on a number of New York Television stations of a film pro-
duced by the United States Information Agency entitled "Czecho-
slovakia 1968". This appears to involve an ,intent-to violate the pro-
visions of the United States Information and Educational Exchange
Act of 1948, as amended. The Information Agency was created for
the purpose of the dissemination abroad of information about the
United States, its people, and policies. It was not created for dissem-
ination of information in the united States.
The only exception to the domestic dissemination of material pro-
duced by the United States Information Agency of which I am aware
is that authorized by P.L. 89-274, which contains language stating that
nothing in that resolution is to be construed to establish a precedent
for making other materials prepared by the United States Informa-
tion Agency available for general distribution in the United States.
I ask that the Department of Justice take action forthwith to re-
strain the domestic dissemination of this film.
Sincerely yours,
Hon. J. W. FULBRIGIIT,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
J. W. FULBRIGIIT, Chairman.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,
Washington, D.C., March 31, 1972.
DEAR SENATOR FULBRIGIIT: This is in response to your letter of
March 28, 1972, concerning proposed showing of the United States
Information Agency film entitled "Czechoslovakia 1968" on a number
of New York television stations. We understand that the film is to be
used as a portion of Senator Buckley's periodic televised reports to his
constituents, and that the Senator obtained a print of the USIA film
from the National Audiovisual Center, General Services Administra-
tion. USIA has informed us that it has an agreement with the Center
under which it supplies selected copies of its films to the Center for
distribution on a noncommercial, educational basis.
You state in your letter that the proposed showing appears to vio-
late the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of
1948, as amended. 22 U.S.C. 1431, et seq. You have also referred to
P.L. 89-274, a 1965 statute relating to distribution of a USIA film
about the late President Kennedy, indicating your view that that
statute was the only exception to a prohibition of domestic dissemina-
tion of materials produced by USIA. You asked that the Department
of Justice seek to restrain the proposed domestic showing of "Czecho-
slovakia 1968."
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We have reviewed the applicable statutes and their legislative his-
tories. While the question is not altogether free from doubt, it is our
opinion that the proposed showing of "Czechoslovakia 1968" would
not violate existing law. The second sentence of section 501 of the 1948
Act (22 U.S.C. 1461) provides that material disseminated abroad by
ITSIA-
"shall be available in the English language at the Depart-
ment of State, at all reasonable times following its release as
iaforination abroad, for examination by representatives of
United States press associations, newspapers, magazines,
radio systems, and stations, and, on request, shall be made
ble to Members of Congress."
avail,
This provision was added as an amendment during House floor debate.
Its apparent purpose was to make USIA materials available to the
:1 merican public, through the press and Members of Congress. See re-
nmarks of Representative Simpson, 93 Cong. Rec. 6991 (1947). The
wording of the House amendment was slightly modified during Senate
floor debate, but its purpose was left unchanged. 94 Cong. Rec. 248,
249, 267 (1948). This provision of the 1948 statute has not been
amended.
The overall statutory mandate of USIA, as reflected in the first
sentence of section 501 of the 1948 Act, is to "disseminate abroad"
information about the United States. The legislative history of the
1948 Act and subsequent enactments-notably the 1965 statute con-
cerning the Kennedy film-do reflect Congressional concern that
USIA, as a federal tax-supported agency, not engage in domestic
propaganda activities. Particularly in light of this history, it is clear
that USIA cannot actively engage in the domestic dissemination of its
materials. On the other hand, as noted above, USIA is required by
statute to make its materials available upon request to the press or
Members of Congress. In our view, therefore, the USIA's organic
statute should be read to distinguish between active domestic dissemi-
iiation by USIA of its materials, and merely making its materials
available, thus harmonizing its potentially conflicting goals.
On its face, the second paragraph of P.L. 89-274 might perhaps be
read to conflict with section 501 of the 1948 statute, particularly the
language, in the former to the effect that USIA materials are not to be
made "available for general distribution in the United States." How-
ever, we do not believe that this language can properly be read to
repeal the second sentence of section 501 of the 1948 Act, the USIA's
organic statute, for several reasons. First, the legislative history of the
1965 statute does not, reflect any express Congressional intention to
repeal the 1948 statute, and, indeed, the debates reflect, in our view,
some misconception about the existing law. Second, the 1965 statute
and its history were concerned with broad domestic dissemination of
its films by USIA. Congress did not then consider the existing prac-
tice of making USIA materials available to the press and to Members
of Congress, pursuant to the 1948 Act. Finally, the revelant language
of the 1965 statute is not cast as a statutory prohibition. By contrast,
the 1948 statute imposes a clear statutory duty upon USIA.
Under our reading of the law, and in the present factual circum-
stances, we do not believe that the Department of Justice could or
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should obtain a court order restraining the proposed showing of
"Czechoslovakia 1968." The principal legal tests controlling the issu-
ance of injunctive relief are likelihood of success on the merits of the
case, and a showing of irreparable injury. For the reasons stated, we
aro convinced that we would not succeed on the merits in this instance.
Moreover, under the circumstances, a single showing of this film in one
area of the country could not, as we see it, be deemed irreparable in-
jury. In addition, although the situations are different in some re-
spects, many of the considerations which led the Supreme Court to
deny the Government's request to prevent publication of the Pentagon
Papers are present here. See New York Times v. United States, 403
U.S. 713 (1971).
It is true that existing law is somewhat unclear as to the standards
governing domestic availability and distribution of USIA materials.
In our judgment, generally speaking, current USIA practices in this
respect are reasonable accommodations of complex and sometimes
possibly conflicting directives from the Congress deriving from the
1948 statute, the 1965 statute, and other expressions of Congressional
intent. However, it may be appropriate for USIA to reexamine its
current practice of depositing selected films with the National Audio-
visual Center without additional. restrictions on domestic distribution.
Sincerely,
RICH ARD G. KLEINDIENST,
Acting Attorney General.
This ruling is in the view of a committee a distortion of the legis-
lative intent concerning the domestic distribution of USIA materials.
Authority for the public showing of the USIA film concerning the
late President Kennedy required a special act of Congress. And in
order to placate the genuine concerns expressed at the time that the
showing of this film would pave the way for the wholesale distribu-
tion of USIA materials and progandizing the American public, Con-
gress stated the following in that act :
"It is further the sense of Congress that the expression of
Congressional intent embodied in this joint resolution is to
be limited solely to the film referred to herein and that noth-
ing contained in this joint resolution should be construed to
establish a precedent for making other materials prepared by
the United States Information Agency available for general
distribution in the United States."
It is difficult to understand how Congress could have stated its in-
tentions more clearly. And yet, in view of the Acting Attorney's re-
cent ruling, there is an obvious need for a specific prohibition against
the domestic dissemination of any USIA materials.
This provision is a blanket prohibition barring public distribution
of any and all materials produced by the United States Information
Agency. In the future. special situations can be handled on a case-by-
case authorization basis, as was the case with the Kennedy film.
Sec. ?05-Restrictions on preparation and dissemination of informa-
tion.
This amendment to the Information and Educational Exchange Act
of 1948 prohibits any Government agency from preparing or dissemi-
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nating information of any kind on behalf of a foreign government.
In addition, it prohibits any Government agency from distributing
abroad unattributed materials which it has prepared or assisted in pre-
paring, whether such assistance was financial, technical or otherwise.
The anieiidment defines the term "dissemination of information" to
include "publication, broadcasting and telec
ti
f i
f
as
ng o
n
ormation.
In recent years the Committee was warned of U.S. Government
agencies :
-preparing informational materials which have been attrib-
uted to foreign governments, such as in the case of Vietnam
and Laos ;
-funding by the Government of Radio Free Europe and
Radio liberty with no attribution to the U.S. Government;
-distributing general propaganda materials without attri-
bution to the Government, as in the case of the comic book,
"El Desengano," dealing with urban terrorism, and distrib-
uted throughout Latin America; and
-preparing for and attributing informational materials to
private U.S. companies overseas, such as in the case of an
investment brochure recently prepared for and attributed
to Texaco-Gulf in Ecuador.
These practices are deceptive and serve to undermine the basic tenets
of the Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948-an Act
whose fundamental purpose was and still ought to be to inform the
people of other countries about the United States.
The examples of unattributed material prepared by this or that
Federal agency, of covert funding of radio broadcasts to Eastern
Europe and the Soviet Union, of propaganda prepared by a Govern-
ment agency and then attributed to a foreign government-all of this
indicates how far we have strayed from the basic purposes and goals
set forth in the 1948 Information Act.
The amendment serves to get our overseas information program
back on the right track. It prevents these questionable practices from
continuing and developing further. It gets us out of the propaganda
business on behalf of other governments and requires that any in-
formation materials disseminated abroad by the U.S. Government be
attributed to it.
TITLE III-ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY (ACDA)
Sec. 301. Authorization of appropriations
Sec. 301 authorizes the appropriations of $31,995,000 for the ACDA.
This amount is composed of $22,000,000 for the regular functions
of the ACDA for the fiscal years 1973 and 1974, and $9,995,000 for
fiscal year 1973 for seismic research only. Of the $22,000,000, the
ACDA proposes to request appropriations for $10,560,000 for fiscal
year 1973 and $11,440,000 for fiscal year 1974.
The twelve-year history of appropriations and obligations, broken
down by program operations and external research and field testing,
is as follows:
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UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
SUMMARY OF APPROPRIATIONS AND OBLIGATIONS (JUNE 30)
(In thousands-fiscal year 1962-fiscal year 1973)
External
research
Program and field
Appropriations operation testing Total
Fiscal year:
1962---------------------------------------
$1, 831
$1, 229
$600
$1, 829
1963___ ____________________________
6,500
2,549
3,560
6,109
1964 --------------------------------------------
7,500
3,341
4,034
7,375
1965----------------------------------------
9,000
3,567
5,399
8,966
1966________________________ _____
10,000
13,893
5,809
9,702
1967-------------------------------------------
9,000
4,010
4,765
8,775
1968--------------------------------------
9,000
24,484
4,500
8,984
1969-------------------------------------------
9,000
5,365
3,602
967
8
1970 -------------------------------------------
9,500
6,940
2,510
,
9,450
1971-------------------------------------------
28,645
6,924
1,708
8,632
1972-------------------------------------------
'9,000
7,433
1,567
9,000
1973------------------------------------------- 6
10,000
7,800
2,200
10,000
Total__ ____________________________
98,976
57,355
40,254
97,789
I Excludes appropriation transfer of $35,000 to GSA.
2 Excludes appropriation transfer of $16,000 to GSA.
s Includes appropriation supplemental ($395,000) for civilian pay act increases. ($272,000 from Public Law 91-231 and
$123,000 from Public Law 91-656.)
4 Includes 1972 budget amendment ($264,000) for civilian pay act increases from Public Law 91-656. Does not include
estimated pay increase costs of $116,000 from Public Law 92-210, approved Dec. 22, 1971.
a Does not include estimated pay increase costs of $253,000 from Public Law 29-210, approved Dec. 22, 1971.
A comparison of the FY 1971-1972 authorizations and appropria-
tions with those requested for FY 1973-1974 prepared by ACDA
follows :
TITLE III-ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT
AGENCY
TABLE I.-SUMMARY OF APPROPRIATIONS AND OBLIGATIONS FOR EXPIRING FISCAL YEAR 1971-72 AUTHOR-
IZATION PERIOD
Appropriations:
Fiscal year 1971-72 authorization_______________________________ $8,645,000
$8,855,000 $17, 500, 000
From original no-year authorization l------------------------------------------
145,000 145,000
- - -------
Grand total_________________________________________________
8,645,000
9,000,000
17,645,000
Program operation_______________________________________________
6,923,720 7,433,000
14,356,720
External research_____________________________________________
1,160,036
1,047,000
2,207
036
Field testing --------------------------------------------------
548,193
520,000
,
1,068,193
Subtotal
1,708,229
1,567,000
3,275,229
Total obligations____________________________________________
8,631,949
9,000,000
17,631,949
Unobligated balance__________________________________________
13,051
--------------
13,051
Grant total
8,645,000
9,000,000
17,645,000
1 Use of part of this residual authority was necessary to cover pay increases contained in Public Law 91-656, approved
Jan. 8, 1971.
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TABLE 2.-PROJECTED BREAKDOWN OF ESTIMATED APPROPRIATION REQUESTS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1973-74
AUTHORIZATION PERIOD
1973
estimate
1974
estimate
Total
Program operation________________________________________________
$7,800,000
$8,000,000
$15,800,000
External research_________________________________________________
1,330,000
1,855,000
3,185,000
Field testing______________________________________________________
870,000
645,000
1,515,000
Subtotal___________________________________________________
2,200,000
2,500,000
4,700,000
Total------------------------------------------------------------
10,000,000
10,500,000
20,500,000
Estimated Pay Act costs____________________________________________
560,000
940,000
1,500,000
Grand total_________________________________________________
10,560,000
11,440,000
22,000,000
The increases in the budget over the expiring two-year authoriza-
tion are shown below together with the ACDA's justification for them :
$utnmary of increases-Fiscal years 1973-4 authorization ($22.0 million) over
Item
in millions)
1. Mandatory pay acts (Ind. 1/8/71;
12/22/71;
10/1/72 (est.) ; and 10/
1/73 (est.)) --------------- - -2. 1
II.
External research and field testing-------------------------------- -1.4
III.
New positions (10 in fiscal year 1973; 10 in fiscal year 1974) --------
+. 5
IV.
Wage and price increases-----------------------------------------
+.3
V. Dollar revaluation abroad-----------------------------------------
+.2
Total --------------------------------------------------------- -4.5
An increase in funding for the Agency's program opera-
tions in fiscal years 1973 and 1974 will be necessary to meet a
growing workload, as well as to cover rising costs of Agency
operations. The process of developing international agree-
ments to control and limit arms will require active, com-
plex negotiations at the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
(SALT), at the Geneva Conference of the Committee on Dis-
armament (CCD), and the United Nations General Assem-
bly. At the CCD, following recent, successful negotiations on
the Seabed Arms Control Treaty and the draft biological
weapons convention, active discussions on chemical weapons
limitations and a comprehensive test ban (CTB) are antici-
pated. Requirements may be placed on the Agency to partici-
pate in negotiations for mutual balanced force reductions
(MBFR) in Europe and the proposed Conference on Secu-
rity and Cooperation in Europe (,CSCE). The Agency will
also continue program operations in the following areas :
implementation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
(NPT) safeguards requirements; control of conventional
arms transfers; assessment of the economic impact of de-
fense expenditures and arms control ; and limitations on
military expenditures.
The projected level of funding for the Agency's external
research and field testing activities reflects anticipated re-
quirements growing out of SALT, MBFR, CTB, NPT, chem-
ical weapons limitations and conventional arms control. The
Agency is required under its Act (cf. 22 U.S.C. ? 2571) to
conduct a research program to acquire a fund of theoretical
and practical knowledge concerning arms control and dis-
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armament. This research program includes projects designed
to provide an independent technical basis for developing and
evaluating arms control proposals. For FY 1973 and 1974
we project expenditures of $4.7 million for these purposes.
(See the summary of projected external research and field
testing programs for fiscal years 1973 and 1974 beginning on
p. 24, and the table projecting requirements by research cate-
gory on p. 33.) These expenditures will continue to reflect an
emphasis on research in support of negotiations rather than
on research aimed at generalized goals.
The curent request represents what is required for ACDA's
part in the government's effort to promote arms control as an
effective instrument of national security and world peace.
The primary responsibility of ACDA for the conduct of the
SALT negotiations is well-known and does not need to be
elaborated on. So to a lesser degree is its responsibility to rep-
resent the United States at the Geneva discussions of the
Conferences of the Committee on Disarmament and to par-
ticipate in disarmament debates at the, United Nations Gen-
eral Assembly. In the course of the preceding two fiscal years,
ACDA has managed, or taken substantial part, in negotia-
tions leading to the following agreements : the so-called "Ac-
cidents" and "Hot Line' agreements of September 30, 1.971;
the Seabed Arms Control Treaty, approved by the Senate on
February 15, 1972; and the Convention prolnbiting the. de-
velopnient, production and stockpiling of biological and toxin
weapons soon to be signed and submitted to the Senate. Be-
sides the ongoing SALT negotiations prospective subjects
for discussion concerns mutual and balance force reductions
in Europe, control of chemical arms, controls on the transfer
of convent.ionl armaments, and a comprehensive test ban.
Committee comments
The Committee agrees that the ACDA can view this record with
pride. Indeed., the only question this record raises is whether the ACDA
is concentrating too much on negotiations and not enough on its other
statutory responsibilities which are set forth in the 1961 Act as follows:
(a) The conduct, support, and coordination of research for
arms control and disarmament policy formulation ;
(b) The preparation for and management of United States
participation in international negotiations in the arms control
and dsarmament, field;
(c) The dissemination and coordination of public informa-
tion concerning arms control and disarmament; and
(d) The preparation for, operation of, or as appropriate,
direction of 11)irited States participation in such control sys-
tems as may become part of United States arms control and
disarmament activities.
In the mid-sixties, the Committee began to be concerned that ACDA
was emphasizing research-and in the Committee's view some ir-
relevant research-at the expense of negotiations, as the twelve-year
table at the beginning of this section shows. This situation has now
changed to such a degree that the Committee's concern is the reverse.
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For FY 1973, out of $10,000,000 the ACDA proposes to spend $7,800,-
000 for program operations, which largly involve negotiations. The
Agency testified that the SALT talks alone has been costing it about
$1,300 000 a year. The Committee certainly urges the. Agency to con-
tinue strenuously exploring all avenues towards arms control. At the
same time, however, ACDA has a duty to pursue diligently its other
statutory tasks, even if this should necessitate future higher funding
for the Agency. The Committee does not want to see the Agency become
merely a specialized negotiating arras of the Department of State.
Among useful research that ACDA could be pioneering is environ-
mental warfare, especially weather modification, and the Committee
urges the Agency to take the lead in this area with a view towards
controlling such developments while there is still time.
Sec. 302 SP,7snrie research,
The Committee voted to approve the following amendment proposed
by Senator Case:
Notwithstmiding any other provision of law, $9,995,000 of
the amounts appropriated for fiscal year 1973 to carry out
this Act (1) shall be obligated and expended only to conduct
seismic research, and (2) shall not be transferred to any other
agency.
L companion amendment, by Senator Case to S. 3108, the military pro-
curement authorization bill before the Senate Armed Services com-
mittee, would reduce by $9,995,000 the amounts requested for research,
development, test, and evaluation for the Defense Agencies and further
specify that none of the funds appropriated under that Act be avail-
able to or for the. Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of
Defense., to conduct seismic research.
The combined effect of the amendments is to transfer the responsi-
bility for seismic, research now carried out by the Defense Department
to the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
Such a shift in responsibility was first considered when the Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency was established in 1961 but in view
of the newness of the Agency was not carried out.. The Agency is now
well experienced and has won the confidence of Congress and the pub-
lic. This is a responsibility that it can well assume at this time. And
it is certainly in its area of interest.
Seismic research is directed toward improving and developing those
techniques by which the. United States could monitor an comphehen-
sive nuclear test, ban treaty. This ability is involved in any
negotiations toward such a treaty. Seismic research was once a high-
priority program funded at its height in 1963 at $41.4 million. For the
coming fiscal year the Defense Department is proposing to spend
$9,995,000 on it. Former ACDA Assistant Director Adrian Fisher, at
the hearing on this item, described the situation of leaving seismic
research in the Defense Department as "a certain intellectual conflict
of interest." No. went on to explain-
With the greatest personal respect for all concerned in con-
ducting that research, I must say that they have been put in a
somewhat conflicting position. The DOD is an agency
charred with developing and maintaining a nuclear weapons
arsenal, and naturally looks at U.S. security from the point
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of view of the continuing refinement of our weapons cap-
ability ; at the same time it is given the responsibility for find-
ing ways to refine our capability to monitor an agreement
which would make it impossible for us to acquire and develop
more and better nuclear weapons.
The fact that seismic research needs greater attention than being
given currently was underlined by Senator Case's discussion of the
amendment :
The Defense Department's responsibility for what is essen-
tially an arms control measure inevitably conflicts with its
primary military role.
I do not believe that (ongres intended that the Defense
Department should be in the position of both controlling the
development of the means by which underground testing can
be ended and serving as the advocate of the military impor-
tance of continued testing.
For almost 9 years, the United States and the Soviet Union
have been deadlocked in the negotiation of an underground
nuclear test ban treaty. One of the principal. causes of this
deadlock has been U.S. insistence upon, and Soviet resistance
to, onsite inspections as a means of verifying compliance
with such a treaty.
During this same period there have been great advances in.
the state of the art in seismic monitoring techniques. The
potential of these discoveries is that the United States may
be able to rely upon seismic means for verifying compliance
and drop its insistence upon onsite inspections.
Has the Defense Department pursued and exploited the op-
portunities offered by these advances in a manner commen-
surate with our treaty obligation to do everything in our
power to bring about an end to underground nuclear testing?,
'Pine Committee believes that the ACDA. can and will give seismic
research the boost it needs for our future requirements. Since a large
amount, of this research is contract research, and since the Director of
ACDA, Gerard Smith, testified that he has expert personnel in this
area, the proposed shift in responsibilities should not present many
praetical difficulties. It will be well worthwhile if improved research
should bring some forward movement in the stalled discussions of a
comprehensive test ban treaty.
The ACDA has submitted views in opposition to the proposed trans-
fer which are printed on p. 42 of the hearings on the ACDA Appro-
priations Authorization.
While the Committee is disturbed at the low priority assigned
seismic research by officials in the Defense Department, it has no
desire to reflect on the work of the Advanced Research Projects
Agency. It does, however, expect that, there will. be no dupli-
cation of this type of research by the Defense Department. The amend-
ment. represents a complete transfer of this effort, not a doubling of it.
It also involves all ongoing legislative commitment on the part of the
Congress to continue funding seismic research on an annual basis in
the ACI)A authorizing bill, since the amendment applies only to FY
1973.
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92
TITLE IV-PEACE CORPS
Authorization of appropriations
The primary purpose of Title IV is to authorize an appropriation
of $77,000,000 for the fiscal year 1973 operations of the Peace Corps
programs of ACTION, together with an additional authorization of
$5,000,000 for the purchase of excess foreign currencies.
The Committee rejected a request fora permanent authorization for
Peace Corps operations. The Committee considered such a proposal
inappropriate in view of the Peace Corps' long history of annual au-
thorizations, coupled with the fact that the Committee has recently
required periodic authorizations for both the Department of State and
the United States Information Agency.
As a result of the current emphasis on the recruitment of skilled
technicians, the Committee concluded that the activities of the Peace
Corps are becoming quite similar to operations carried out under the
technical assistance programs of AID. In view of this, the Committee
considered, but did not act on, a proposal which would have estab-
lished the Peace Corps as a unit within AID. The Committee agreed
to study this question further and it is expected that, separate legisla-
tion proposing such a merger will be introduced in the near future.
Section 401. Authorization of appropriations
This amends section 3(b) of the Peace Corps Act and authorizes
an appropriation of $77,000,000 for fiscal year 1973. This compares
with a fiscal year 1972 authorization of $77.2 million and an appropri-
ation of $72 million. In addition to the above appropriation, $2.6
million was transferred from AID technical assistance funds, raising
the total funds available to the Peace Corps in FY 1972 to $74.6
million.
The following table compares the amount requested with the au-
thorizations and appropriations of prior years :
PEACE CORPS-STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATIONS AND APPROPRIATIONS
Iln thousands of dollarsi
Request Authorization Appropriation
Fiscal years:
1970---------------------------------------------------------
109,000
98,450
98,450
1971---------------------------------------------------------
98,800
98,800
90,000
1972_ ---------------------------------------------------------
1973
82,200
8
027
77,200
172,000
--------------------------------
8
,
----------------------------
The Peace Corps intends to support 8,400 volunteers and trainees
during the 1973 program year and expects to train 5,500 volunteers.
This is ,in increase of approximately 1175 volunteers and 500 trainees
over the previous program year.
Volunteers are presently serving in 57 countries and areas and the
Peace Corps hopes to be in several more before the end of the 1973
program year. By areas and countries the volunteers and trainees are
distributed as follows :
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93
1972
1969 1970 1971 estimate
Africa:
Botswana---------------------------------------------- 53 60 80 76
Cameroon ---------------------------------------------- 50 64 78 98
Chad-------------------------------------------------- 52 45 51 56
Dahomey----------------------------------------------- 32 43 38 61
Ethiopa------------------------------------------------ 318 156 171 199
Gambia------------------------------------------------ 18 39 55 75
Ghana------------------------------------------------- 212 285 317 269
Ivory Coast--------------------------------------------- 110 108 112 116
Kenya----------------------------------------------- 243 295 301 236
Lesotho----------------------------------------------- 50 27 22 33
Liberia------------------------------------------------ 256 147 277 283
Malawi------------------------------------------------- 140 50 20 38
Mali- :--:---------------------------------------------------------- 1 16 13
Mauntania----------------------------- ------------- ---------------------------
Mauritius---------------------------------------------------------- -3 26 16
Niger ----------------------------------------------- 71 71 86 78
Senegal ----------------------------------------------- 95 93 103 124
Sierra Leone-------------------------------------------- 286 211 182 207
Swaziland---------------------------------------------- 41 24 92 111
Togo------------------------------------------------- 77 88 87 90
Uganda ----------------------------------------------- 72 70 82 114
Upper Volta-------------------------------------------- 56 49 65 75
Zaire------------------------------------------------------------- 9 75 116
Guinea----------------------------------------------- 19 22 ------------------------
Nigeria------------------------------------------------ 66 -----------------------------------
Somah Republic --------------------------------------- 42 ------------------------------------
-------------------
Total-----------------------------------------------
2,359
1,980
2,336
2,492
Latin America:
Brazil --------------------------------------------------
405
334
256
277
British Honduras----------------------------------------
28
42
38
39
Chile------------------------------------------------
201
109
42
2
1
Colombia----------------------------------------------
132
185
8
2
Costa Rica ----------------------------------------------
57
102
92
108
Dominican Republic-------------------------------------
68
40
56
79
Eastern Carib bean---- ----------------------_-----------
163
168
171
143
Ecuador-----------------------------------------------
112
114
194
208
El Salvador ---------------------------------------------
58
67
62
85
Guatemala
------------------------------------
75
77
104
112
-------
Honduras
---------------------------------------
106
117
137
145
-------
Jamaica-----------------------------------------------
159
199
170
191
Nicaragua
----------------------------------------
28
50
67
84
------
Paraguay---------------------------------------------
66
70
56
75
Peru
-----------------------------------
-
101
220
194
119
-
-------------
Uruguay--------------------------------------------
22
14
8
16
Venezuela----------------------------------------------
164
129
199
224
Bolivia------------------------------------------------
133
130
------------------------
Guyana-----------------------------------------------
55
24
------------------------
Panama ------------------------------------------------
84
107
-----------------------
Total ------------------------------------------------
2,361
2,245
2,031
2,205
North Africa, Near East, East Asia, Pacific:
Afghanistan--------------------------------------------
137
112
130
149
Fiji----------------------------------------------------
109
98
92
117
India -------------------------------------------------
452
433
318
302
Iran---------------------------------------------------
200
153
127
166
Korea -------------------------------------------------
118
174
228
245
Malaysia-----------------------------------------------
313
403
363
343
Malta -------------------------------------------------------------- 7
6
8
Micronesia---------------------------------------------
390
286
295
314
Morocco -----------------------------------------------
106
132
157
183
Nepal -------------------------------------------------
126
143
147
179
Philippines---------------------------------------------
410
347
274
178
Solomon Islands---------------------------------------------------------------
6
6
South Pacific Commission --------------------------------------------------------
1
1
Thailand-----------------------------------------------
231
216
267
229
Tonga-------------------------------------------------
31
40
47
68
Tunisia----------------------------------------------
136
84
109
118
Western Samoa-----------------------------------------
35
46
51
86
Ceylon------------------------------------------------
14
------------------------------------
Turkey-------------------------------------------------
164
1 ------------------------
76--616 0-72-7
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Their principal fields of activities are set forth in the following
table:
Volunteers'
Trainees2
Man-years
Agriculture
---------
B
i
d
l
1,488
1,170
1
520
us
ness
eve
opment____----------------------------------
C
169
140
,
180
ommunity
development_____________ ----------------------------
Envcation
Environment
237
3, 066
245
2, 270
314
2, 948
Health -----------------
P
f
i
l
412
503
335
395
435
514
ro
ess
ona
-------------- - ----------------------------
378
290
380
pba
---
-------------------------------------------
283
225
290
ndev
n
Urha development____
Oth
321
255
328
er-- - --- --- ---- - ------------------
128
175
229
Total ---
6,985
5,500
7,138
' As of Dec. 31, 1971.
2 Estimated for fiscal year 1973.
On June 30, 1971, by Executive Order 11603, the Peace Corps was
transferred to ACTION, an agency created by the Reorganization
Plan No. 1, of 1971 which went into effect on July 1, 1971. ACTION
programs have been divided into three major categories for manage-
ment purposes. They are : International Programs, which consists of
the Peace Corps; Domestic Programs, which include all domestic
volunteers activities; and Support Programs, which include the re-
cruitment, selection, and placement of all ACTION volunteers, pro-
gram and policy evaluation and development, and across-the-board
management and administrative functions.
The funds requested by the Peace Corps are expected to finance
all the International Programs and part of the Support Programs.
The, following table indicates the estimated budget amounts for
fiscal year 1973, together with the comparable estimates for fiscal
year 1972, and the actual amounts for fiscal year 1.971:
1971
actual
1. Funds (obligations in thousands):
A. Training:
Fiscal year-
1972 1973
estimate estimate
1. Training---- -------------------- ----
2
------
$11,344
$10,823
$14,107
. Training support ---------------------------- -
------
3,285
1,290
2,590
12,113
16,697
1. International travel ----- _-------------- -
5,932
5,138
7
200
2. Allowances- _
12, 013
11,568
,
13
372
3. Other volunteer support _____
__
6, 327
5,589
,
7,254
4. Readjustment allowance____________________
__ __
7,581
7,462
8,067
31,853
29,757
35,893
C. Program support --------------- .___
22,545
20,030
19,610
D. Allocation of program support costs --------- ____
____
15,997
12,700
14,828
F. Pay raises --------------- -----------
--------------
517
999
F.
Total funds __-_____
85,024
75,117
88,027
During the 1971 program year, the average direct cost of the various
types of training was $3,238 per trainee. The Peace Corps anticipates
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a decrease to $2,760 for program year 1972 trainees and $2,670 for
1973 trainees. These decreases are attributed to the increasing use of
in-country training, where the costs are less. The following is a break-
down of estimated total training costs for fiscal years 1973 and 1972,
and the actual costs for 1971.
Fiscal year-
1971 actual
1972 estimate
1973 estimate
Training costs-Peace Corps:
1. Regular contract--------------------------------------------
1, 536
2, 555
2
395
2. Peace Corps centers________________________________________
903
,
3. Peace Corps centers and host country________________________
4
C
1,364
----------------------------
.
omplete in-host country ------------- ______________________
4,445
4, 092
6
439
5. Contract and in-host country_________________________________
3,096
4,176
,
5,273
6. Training support --------------------------------------------
3,285
1,290
2,590
Total,training costs______________________________________
14,6J
12,113
16,697
Volunteer costs will increase approximately $6 million in fiscal year
1973. These increases are shown in the following table :
VOLUNTEER COSTS
[in thousands of dollars]
1971
actual
1972
estimate
1973
estimate
1. International travel______________________________________________ 5,932
5,138
7
200
2. Allowances__________________________________________12,013
11,568
,
13,372
Lettlin--------------------------------------------
in
---
9,
808
- - - -
9,461
10,993
629
647
837
Leave
Leave -----
1,576
1,460
1,542
3. Medical supplies and services____________________________________
1,706
1,655
1
927
4. In-country travel________________________________________________
682
676
,
785
5. Supplies and equipment____________________________________
6
430
405
471
. Other support--------------------------------------------------
3,509
2,853
4,071
Dependent's support_______________________________________ ..........
Vehicle procurement
473
---
879
________________________________________ 231 ------------ _
Vehicle shipment ---------------------29
237
30
Bureau of employee compensation____________________________
681
693
962
Miscellaneous costs_________________________________________
2,149
1,687
1,963
7. Readjustment allowance_________________________________________
7,581
7,462
8,067
Total, volunteer costs________________________________________
31,853
29,757
35,983
The projected program support costs for the Peace Corps were
estimated at $19,610,000. These costs do not include the allocated sup-
port costs of the combined ACTION operations. They represent the
expenses of the international staff involved in the management and
operations of Peace Corps programs overseas and in Washington
and other direct support of the Peace Corps, such as, shared adminis-
trative support (Department of State), multinational volunteer grants,
and research. The following is a table setting out the costs of these
various programs.
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PROGRAM SUPPORT COSTS
[in thousands of dollars]
1971
actual
1972
estimate
1973
estimate
1. Personnel costs------------------------------------------------
12,186
10,885
10,300
2. Operating costs-------------------------------------------------
6,653
5,335
5,185
3. Shared administrative support--Department of State----------------
3, 325
3, 700
3,700
4. Multinational volunteer grants (title I11)---------------------------
285
100
350
5. Research----------------------------------------------------
96
10
75
Total, program support--------------------------------------
22,545
20,030
19,610
Tinder the reorganization, all of the combined Support Programs of
ACTION are organized to serve the entire agency and presumably
cannot be identified specifically with either the Peace Corps or the
11)omestie. Programs. However, for appropriation purposes the funds
for ACTION will be divided into two hills; one for Peace Corps and
one for the domestic activities. Given this requirement, ACTION has
determined that the most equitable means of making a distribution of
the program support costs is a proration on the basis of work-load as
reflected by the permanent full-time personnel associated with the
Peace Corps and the domestic programs. Based on such a computation,
which is shown below, the Peace Corps share of these costs is
$14,828,000.
ALLOCATION OF PROGRAM SUPPORT COSTS
]Dollar amounts in thousands)
Fiscal year 1973 permanent positions:
Peace Corps programs---- -------------------------------------------------------------------- $748
Domestic programs --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 386
Support programs---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 595
Total --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.729
Total Peace Corps and domestic positions -------------------------------------------------------------- 1,134
Peace Corps as percentage of 1,134 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 65.9
Domestic positions as percentage of 1,134--------------------------------------- --_-------------------- 34. 1
Fiscal year 1973 combined support programs ------------------------------------------ _---------------- $22,500
Peace Corps programs share (22.500 times 65.9 percent) ------------------------------------------------- $14,828
Domestic programs share ($22,500 times 34.1 percent) ---- ---------------------------------------------- $7,672
Sec. 4O2.-Voluntary Service Programs
This amends section 301(b) of the Peace Corps Act to increase the
limitation on expenditures authorized to encourage the development
of international voluntary service programs from $300,000 to $350,000
and to make this limitation applicable to any fiscal. year. The Peace
Corps believes that this increase is necessary to insure the continued
growth and expansion of the international volunteer efforts.
Mr. Blatchford, Director of Peace Corps, indicated during the April
7 hearings that :
This year's requested increase hopefully will help to offset
the $200,000 reduction we were forced to make -n our contri-
bution to the Vnited Nations Volunteer Service Program due
to the Peace Corps severe budget crisis.
The Committee takes note of Mr. Blatchford's intention and con-
tinues to urge the Peace Corps to broaden its scope and to work with
other countries' volunteer services in a more multinational approach.
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See. 403. National Advisory Council
This abolishes the Peace Corps National Advisory Council 90 days
after the enactment of this bill.
Sec. 4O4. Authorization of Excess Foreign Currencies
This provision offered by Senator Pearson would authorize the ap-
propriation to the Peace Corps for FY 1973 of $5,000,000 in U.S.-
owned foreign currencies which are excess to the needs of the United
States. The Committee has always supported the maximum use of
foreign currencies for official U.S. agency programs, particularly when
the use of foreign currencies can result in savings in dollars. Section
17 of the Peace Corps Act urges that maximum use be made of excess
foreign currencies in carrying out Peace Corps programs.
TITLE V-GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 501. Certain Additional Authorizations of Appropriations
This section provides an authorization of appropriations for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, for a number of functions, activities
and expenses of a nature that are difficult to determine in advance.
One such category provided for in this authorization of appropria-
tions covers increases in salary, pay, retirement or other employee
benefits authorized by law which occur from time to time and require
supplemental appropriations such as the, Federal Employees pay in-
crease of January 9, 1972, which is not included in the amounts re-
quested in Section 101. This section would also authorize appropria-
tions for nondiscretionary increases such as those resulting from the
recent exchange rate realignments and appropriations required to
finance new or expanded activities authorized by law or treaty which
would take effect after the enactment of this legislation.
Section 502. Expression of Individual Views to Congress
This provision is designed to encourage Executive Branch witnesses
before the Committee to be more candid in their testimony, partic-
ularly in responding to questions soliciting their personal views. The
Committee should be able to obtain the frank views of officials of
agencies for which it has oversight responsibility, even though they
may run counter to official policy. If the hearing process is to be pro-
ductive, the witnesses must be responsive. All too often Executive
Branch witnesses seem to be afraid to respond candidly to questions
put to them for fear of departing in any way from official policy. This
provision will give them statutory encouragement to speak frankly to
the Committee.
It is patterned after a provision in the National Security Act relat-
ing to testimony before Congress by the Secretaries of the military de-
partments and by members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Sec. 503. Repeal of Rhodesian Sanctions Provisions
This section proposed by Senator McGee would repeal Section 10
of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act which was
added by Section 503 of Public Law 92-156, commonly known as the
Rhodesian Chrome Amendment.
There is no current shortage of metallurgical-grade chrome ore, or
chromite, for either defense or commercial purposes: (a) the Office of
Emergency Preparedness with DOD agreement has declared excess
to the strategic stockpile (a three-year supply of 3.1 million tons of
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chrome ore for full-wartime purposes) almost 21/4 million tons, and
the Senate has passed a bill, S. 773, to release 1.3 million tons; (b)
the rate of drawdown of earlier stocks under PL 89-415 has only av-
eraged some 165,000 tons annually over the last six years since the
Rhodesian embargo; (c) U.S. total consumption of such chrome ore
in 1970 was 911,000 tons and only ten percent of that went for direct
defense, or strategic, purposes-at that rate the excess of 21/4 million
tons would fill our defense needs under existing conditions for at least
a dozen years.
The U.S. imported about one-third of its chromite from the Soviet
Union for several years before the Rhodesian sanctions, partly be-
cause it has the world's highest ratio of chrome to iron-4 to 1, as dis-
tinct from Rhodesian ore's 3 to 1 ratio. No one disputes the future need
for Rhodesian chromite, especially since the USSR seems to be ex-
lrausting its resources. However, the U.S. can do without either Rho-
desian or Russian chrome ore for both defense and commercial pur-
poses over at least the next three years.
The Rhodesian Chrome Amendment put the United States, for the
first, time, in a position of defying the UN Security Council. We were
the first nation to break its formal adherence to TTN sanctions. The
effects of this action on the TUN and on our relations with the African
Continent have been serious.
It is too late to undo all the damage by Congress' unwise action last
year, but reversal of the current U.S. posture will again pledge our
support for the UN Security Council's decision and help improve our
general relations with nations on the African Continent.
Section 504. Personnel Reduction
This section requires that by June 30, 1973, the total number of
U.S. government personnel assigned abroad, other than personnel of
the Department of State (including reimbursable personnel carried
on the Department's rolls), members of the Armed Forces not assigned
as attaches or to military aid activities and volunteers in the Peace
Corps, be reduced by at least ten percent from the current levels. In
addition, the amendment places a worldwide ceiling of 6,000 on the
number of State Department personnel (including reimbursable per-
sonnel assigned to the Department) who can be stationed overseas at
any one time.
According to the recent information available to the Commit-
tee, there are some 26,000 U.S. personnel overseas under the jurisdic-
tion of diplomatic mission chiefs. Of this total, State Department per-
sonnel engaged in regular Department related activities number 3,400
or about 13 percent. If to this total are added those carried on the
Department's rolls as reimbursable personnel, those whose duties actu-
ally are in behalf of other agencies such as A.I.D., U.S. Information
Agency, and others, the State T uartment total increases to 5.809--
but even this amount represents only 22 percent of the total.
By comparison there were :
5,047 AID personnel;
4,650 Defense Department personnel (excluding members of
the Armed Forces) ;
8,372 Peace Corps personnel ;
1,069 USIA personnel;
1,527 other Executive Branch personnel including Justice,
Agriculture, Commerce, HEW, NASA and EXIM Bank.
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In other words, for every State Department employee-overseas
there are four more employees from other government agencies. This
situation indicates that our overseas missions have developed into
miniature foreign policy establishments, drawn along the lines of
Washington itself. Those Executive Branch agencies (other than
State) which have a foreign-policy input in Washington-ranging
from the Department of Defense to the Department of Agriculture-
also have their representatives overseas, the only difference being that
the representation is on a smaller scale.
This provision would begin to reverse this situation and start to
reduce the number of government employees overseas to a more man-
ageable level, while at the same time enhancing the power of the
State Department to regain better control over our missions abroad.
This mandatory reduction reflects the Committee's concern over
some reductions have been made iii the last several years, but believesq8
that substantially greater reductions could be made which would re-
sult in the more efficient and effective conduct of foreign affairs. This
reduction should also have a favorable impact on the government's
fiscal condition and our balance of payments problem.
The Committee views the ten percent reduction required as a mini-
mum figure and expects that serious efforts will be made to reduce
the overseas bureaucracy much further. The Committee will follow
the implementation of this directive closely and expect to give careful
study to the results during its consideration for authorization legis-
lation for FY 1974. In addition, the Committee will expect the De-
partment of State to provide a detailed justification in the FY 1974
presentation material of all U.S. personnel in each U.S. mission
abroad to which 50 or more Americans are assigned.
Sec. 505. United Nations Headquarters Construction
Public Law 91-622 authorized a U.S. contribution of not to exceed
$20,000,000 for a U.S. contribution to help defray the costs of an ex-
pansion of the Headquarters of the United Nations. No funds have
yet been appropriated for this purpose.
The U.S. contribution was to be the cornerstone of the entire financ-
ing arrangement for meeting the U.N.'s expanding space requirements.
Since U.S. funds have not been provided, the problem, particularly
for organizations such an UNICEF, are growing more critical. The
Committee has included this. section in the bill to reaffirm its concern
about this situation and to urge that funds be made available to im-
plement the expansion program, a. project to which Congress gave its
approval in 1970.
Section 506. Use of foreign currencies
This section amends Section 502(b) of the Mutual Security Act of
1954, as amended, which deals with expenditures of foreign currencies
by Congressional committees. The currencies involved have been ac-
cumulated by the United States through the sale of surplus agricul-
tural commodities (P.L. 480), the repayment of loans under the For-
eign Assistance Act, the payment of interest on deposits of foreign
currency in foreign banks, and from various other programs, including
the sale of American surplus property.
Under present law, Members and employees of committees are au-
thorized to draw not to exceed the equivalent of $50 per day (exclu-
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live of transportation costs) in foreign currencies to meet their sub-
sistence expenses in counection with official travel outside the United
States.
Foreign currencies owned by the United States are divided into two
categories; namely, "excess" and n.on-excess." Where the supply of a
Foreign currency is great enough to more than meet IT.S. requirements
For the next two years, the currency is designated as "excess" by the
Department of the Treasury. At the present time there are eight so-
called "excess" currency countries. They are: Burma, Guinea, India,
Israel, forocco, Pakistan, Poland, Tunisia, IT.A.R. (Egypt), and
Yugoslavia.
The foreign currencies in other countries are in the "non-excess"
category, meaninw,. that the supply is not adequate to meet U.S. ire-
fill icements for two years. In most of these "non excess" currency coun-
tries the ITnited States Government must use dollars to purchase
foreign currencies from commercial sources to pay for part of its op~,r-
ating expenses.'1'hus, when these foreign currencies are used in connec-
tion with Congressional travel, as has been done in the past, an
equivalent amount of additional currency must be purchased with
alplrropriated dollars to satisfy the expenditure requirements. During
Fiscal Year 1971, for example, approximately $770
000 was used for
,
this purpose. Needless to say, the purchase of such currencies wit11p-
propriated dollars constitutes a balance of payments drain and also a
net. budgetar y drain on the United States Government.
This amendment would have the effect of requiring expenditures
made in connection with travel abroad to be financed directly out of
appropriated funds, except in the so-called "excess" currency coun-
tries. In such countries the equivalent of not to exceed $75 per day
(exclusive of transportation costs) could be made available to each
Afenrber or employee to meet his subsistence expenses.
The ameardrnent also prohibits the use of excess currencies to pay
the expenses or fees of witnesses appearing before Congressional corn-
mittees in the United States. This latter provision would result in
('rnigressionai committees paying witness fees out of their own funds
at rates authorized by the Senate or the House of Represent atives,'as
the case may be.
TITLE VI--STTTDY COMMISSION RELATING To FOREIGN POLICY
AS"eclion. 601-Fn'idlnas and Purpose
Section 601 states Congress' findings concerning the need fora study
commission to provide a more effective system for the formulation
and implementation of the nation's foreign policy.
"Con gress finds that during the last quarter of a century there has
b,, en a proliferation of agencies of the United States Government
with respect to the formulation, management, and conduct of, and the
collection of information relating to, the nation's foreign policy.
This proliferation has resulted in the diminution of both the Presi-
dent's and the Congress' respective powers with respect to the formu-
lation and implementation of foreign policy, the less effective coordi-
nation and control of such policy, the distortion of traditional policy-
making processes, and the waste of the taxpayers' money through
overlapping of functions and duplication of effort."
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Section 602-Commzission on the Organization of the Government for
the Conduct of Foreign Policy
Subsection (a) establishes a Commission on the Organization of the
Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy.
Subsection (b) sets forth the composition of the Commission and
the procedure for the appointment of members.
The Commission shall be composed of twelve members, who shall be
appointed as follows :
(1) four members appointed by the President, two from the
Executive Branch of the Government and two from private life;
(2) four members appointed by the President of the Senate,
two from the Senate and two from private life; and
(3) four members appointed by the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, two from the House of Representatives and two
from private life.
Subsection (c) states that the Commission shall elect a chairman
and a vice chairman from among its members.
Subsection (d) provides that seven members of the Commission
shall constitute a quorum. Any vacancy in the Commission shall not
affect its powers, and the vacany shall be filled in the same manner in
which the original appointment was made.
Subsection (e) authorizes members of the Commission who are not V
employed by the Government to receive $145 a day (including travelloo
time) during the times when they are engaged in the actual perform-
ance of their duties as members of the Commission.
It provides that members of the Commission who are officers or
employees of the United States shall serve without additional com-
pensation and that all members of the Commission shall be reimbursed
for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in the
performance of their duties.
Section 603-Duties of the Commission
Section 603 contains the mandate to the Commission. It orders the
Commission to study and investigate the organization, methods of
operation, and powers of all departments, agencies, independent estab-
lishments, and instrumentalities of the United States Government
participating in the formulation and implementation of United States
foreign policy and to make recommendations which the Commission
considers appropriate to provide improved governmental processes and
programs in the formulation and implementation of foreign policy,
including, but not limited to, recommendations with respect to-
(1) the reorganization of the departments, agencies, indepen-
dent establishments, and instrumentalities of the Executive
Branch participating in foreign policy matters;
(2) more effective arrangements between the Executive Branch
and Congress, which will better enable each to carry out, its con-
stitutional responsibilities;
(3) improved procedures among departments, agencies, inde-
pendent establishments, and instrumentalities of the United States
Government to provide improved coordination and control with
respect to the conduct of foreign policy ;
(4) the abolition of services, activities, and functions not neces-
sary to the efficient conduct of foreign policy; and
(5) other measures to promote economy, efficiency, and im-
proved administration of foreign policy.
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The Commission's mandate is broad and farreaching in keeping
with the importance of the problems that it will consider. The Copn-
inittee intends that the Commission shall study all aspects of the gov-
ernmental system for making and conducting policy as well as current
programs and activities relating to our foreign policy. The Committee
expects the Commission to give special consideration to Congress-
Executive Branch relationships, including, but not limited to, the
issues of executive privilege, access to information, the security cla$si-
fication system. and more effective ways to further the intentions of the
drafters of the Constitution concerning the coordinate-relationship of
the Congress and the President in the formulation of foreign policy.
With respect to the Executive Branch, it is the Committee's intent that
the Commission shall consider the activities of all agencies and offices
within the Executive Branch which have an impact on foreign policy
or the conduct of our affairs abroad, including all inter-agency ,r-
rangeanents for the control and coordination of all matters relating to
forei,?,n policy.
Subsection (b) provides that the Commission shall submit a compre-
hensive report to the President and Congress, not later than June 30,
1971, containing the findings and recommendations of the Commission
with respect to its study and investigation. Its recommendations may
include proposed constitutional amendments, legislation, and adnin-
istrative actions the Commission considers appropriate in carrying out
its duties.
Section 604-Powers of the Commission
This section sets forth the powers of the Commission. It empowers
the Commission or, on the authorization of the Commission, any sub-
committee or member thereof, to hold hearings and sit and act at such
times and places, administer oaths, and require, by subpena or other-
wise, the attendance and testimony of such witnesses and the produc-
tion of such books, records, correspondence, memorandums, papers,
and documents as the Commission or subcommittee or member may
deem advisable. Subpenas may be issued under the signature of the
chairman of the Commission, of any such subcommittee, or any desig-
nated member, and may be served by any person designated by the
chairman or a member.
Subsection (b) authorizes the Commission to secure directly f>om
any executive department, bureau, agency, board, commission, office,
independent establishment, or instrumentality information, sugges-
tions. estimates, and statistics for the purpose of this Act. Each such
department, bureau, agency, board, commission, office, establishment,
or instrumentality is authorized and directed to furnish such infor#na-
tion, suggestions., estimates, and statistics directly to the Commission,
upon request made by the chairman or vice chairman.
Sec. 605-Staff of the Comim.ission
This section authorizes the Commission to appoint and fix the com-
pcnsation of such personnel as it deems advisable, without regard to
the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments
in the competitive service, and without regard to the provisions of
chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to
classification and General Schedule pay rates.
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Subsection (b) authorizes the Commission to procure the services
of experts and consultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5,
United States Code, but at rates not to exceed the daily rate paid a
person occupying a position at GS-18.
A staff of adequate size, composed of the best talent the nation has
to offer, is essential to the successful fulfillment of the Commission's
mandate. The Committee expects the Commission to take such steps as
may be necessary to insure that it has a competent staff of sufficient
size.
Sec. 606-Expenses of Commission
.Section 606 authorizes the appropriation of such sums as may be
necessary to carry out the provisions of this title.
TITLE VII. TERMINATION OF HOSTILITIES
IN INDOCHINA
Section 701, hereafter referred to as the Case-Church amendment,
would bring about a total withdrawal of all American military forces
from Indochina, provide an inducement for the release of American
prisoners of war and an accounting of those Americans missing in ac-
tion, and reinforce Title VI of Public Law 92-156 (known as the
Mansfield amendment). It is also designed to give the President's pro-
gram of Vietnamization the best possible chance for success.
The Case-Church amendment utilizes Congress' power of the purse.
It prohibits the expenditure or obligation of funds for the mainte-
nance or support of United States military forces in or over North or
South Vietnam, Cambodia, or Laos, on or after December 31, 1972.
This means that, beyond this explicit date, the purse strings will be
drawn shut and there will be no financing of American armed forces
for the purpose of engaging any further in the war on the Indochina
peninsula, once an agreement is reached for the release of U.S. pris-
oners of war now held by the Government of North Vietnam and
forces allied with that Government as well as an accounting for all
Americans missing in action who have been held or known to be held
by the North Vietnamese or its allies. The Committee is convinced that
the best way to get American prisoners home, other than through a
negotiated settlement, is to bring all of our troops, airmen, and sailors
home. That is the objective of this provision.
Case-Church, on the other hand, does not prohibit the furnishing
of military assistance nor the maintenance of traditional Military
Assistance Advisory Groups (MAAGs) in the countries of Indochina.
U.S. monies and materiel can be provided the various P-overnrnents of
Indochina, but participation by U.S. personnel shall be limited to
small numbers of technicians responsible for the distribution and end-
use checking of said monies and materiels only. Advisers of any kind
are barred from involvement throughout Indochina, as they are al-
ready in Cambodia by Section 7 of Public Law 91-652 (known as the
Cooper-Church amendment). There shall also be the normal diplo-
matic complement of military attaches.
The Case-Church provision, approved by a vote of 9-1, is the latest
attempt by the Committee to bring about an orderly and rapid ter-
mination of our military involvement in the war in Indochina. It
follows on the two Cooper-Church amendments which are now law.
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These bar the, introduction of U.S. ground combat troops into Laos,
Thailand, and Cambodia, plus American military advisers in Cam-
bodia. It follows the repeal of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. It fol-
lows the Mansfield amendment which passed the Senate three times
last year and was enacted into law, setting a government policy to
terminate U.S. military operations in Indochina by a date certain
and withdrawing all our forces contingent upon the release of all
American POWs. Another Cooper-Church amendment to end U.S.
military involvement in Indochina was deleted from the Foreign As-
sistance Authorization bill by the Senate last October 28th by one vote.
The. Case-Church provision is an example, too, of the Committee's
efforts to restore the proper Constitutional balance between Congress
and the Executive branch in matters of war and peace. In 1969, the
Senate voted for the Commitments Resolution ; on April 13, 1972, the
Senate passed the War Powers bill, making explicit what the Presi-
dent can and cannot do vis-a-vis the Constitution in engaging the
awned forces of the United States in hostilities.
The Committee believes that for American national interest to be
served and for the President's Policy of Vietnamization to succeed,
America's allies in Indochina must be put to the test of defending
themselves against hostile forces without U.S. military involvement
and back-up support. Such a time is now, not five years or 20 years
from now.
After so many- years of U.S. participation in the Indochina war, it
is the strong view of the Committee that the United States has ful-
filled its commitment in arming and assisting as well as in engaging
in combat. for another country. In fact, the United States has done
everything legitimately possible for South Vietnam to help it stand as
a nation on its own two feet. If it is unable to do so now, neither the
bornhinrr of North Vietnam, the use of more devastating military tac-
tics, or the continued presence of Americans will enable it to do so. If
the South Vietnamese are to become self-reliant on the battlefield, then
1972 is the year for total American military withdrawal and for a
total take-over of the war by the peoples of Indochina themselves.
COST ESTIMATES
Section 252(a)(1) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
requires that committee reports on bills and joint resolutions contain:
"(A) an estimate, made by such committees, of the costs which
would be incurred in carrying out such bill or joint resolution in the
fiscal year in which it is reported and in each of the five fiscal years
following such fiscal year ..." The Act also requires that the com-
rnittee's cost estimate be compared with any estimates made by a
Federal agency.
The committee estimates that the cost of carrying out the provisions
of this bill during FY 1973 will be approximately $905,000,000
which is the. amount of the authorizations of appropriations approved
for the year. This bill contains only a one-year authorization for each
of the agencies involved, except the Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency for which a two-year authorization was provided. The Com-
mnittee expects to review the operations of these agencies on an annual
basis and to make such adjustments in authorizations of appropria-
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tions as may be called for under the circumstances each time. The
Committee has adopted a provision requiring a cutback in overseas
personnel and established a commission which should result in im-
provements in the management of the nation's foreign affairs with
consequent savings to the taxpayers. The Committee is, therefore,
unable to make any realistic projection of costs over the next five
years at this point. However, a straight line projection of the amounts
authorized for this year, excluding the special one-time authorization
for aid to refugees, would amount to $4,525,000,000 without taking
into account the effects of inflation or other unforeseeable factors.
The cost estimates supplied by the agencies are as follows:
Administration of foreign affairs----------------------------
$289.5
$312.6
$321.1
324.3
334.2
International organizations and conferences------------------
188.3
212.0
230.8
250.8
272.9
International commissions----------------------------------
18.2
23.5
23.0
11.8
9.2
Educational exchange-------------------------------------
59.2
61.9
64.4
67.1
70.2
Other----------------------------------------------------
8.2
8.7-
9.0
9.5
9.9
Total, Department of State---------------------------
563.4
618.7
648.3
663.5
696.4
' Excludes budget amendments due to pay costc and dollar devaluation, totaling $15,100,000. Above represents only
known mandatory and nondiscretionary projections. No expansion of present programs or other similar increases are
reflected.
Funding(thousands) ---------------------------- $88,027 $93,132 $93,034 $92,724 $92,724
Program data:
Trainee input_______________________________ 5,500 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000
Man-years:
Volunteers----------------------------- 7,138 7,380 7,290 7,200 7,200
Trainees_______________________________ 1, 308 1, 240 1,240 1, 240 1,240
---------------------------
Total-------------------------------- 8,446 8,620 8,530 8,440 8,400
Fiscal year end strength:
Volunteers----------------------------- 7,000 7,250 7,160 7,070 7,070
Trainees------------------------------- 1,400 2,685 2: 695 2,685 2,685
r The above estimates represent simple projections of cost expressed in constant dollars at prices existing at the time
the estimates are prepared. They are not intended to predict future economic conditions, and do not reflect possible changes
in the scope or quality of the projected programs which might result from experience gained in actual practice. Further,
the resources which might appropriately be applied in later years will require a reexamination of the relative priorities
of this and other Government programs, in the light of economic and other circumstances then prevailing. Thus, the esti-
mates do not represent a commitment as to amounts to be included in future budgets.
The U.S.I.A. estimates that for FY 1973-77 the cost of its programs
and activities will total $1,092,000,000.
The ACDA estimates, that in addition to the FY 1973 and 1974
authorization contained in this bill, its requirements for FY 1975,
1976 and 1977 will be $12,000,000, $13,000,000, and $1.4,000,000
respectively.
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CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW
In compliance with subsection 4 of rule XXXIX of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill, as
reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted
is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, existing
law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman) :
Text of Public Law 885, 84th Congress (S. 2569), 70 Stat. 890, approved August 1, 1956, as amended by Public
Law 86-707 (H. It. 7758), 74 Stat. 700, approved September 6, 1960. Public Law 86-723 (S. 2633), 74 Stat.
847, approved September 8, 7060. Public. Law 87-565 (S. 2996), 76 Stat. 263, approved August 1, 1962, and
Public, Law 88-205 (H. R. 7885), 77 Stat. 391, approved December 16, 1963
AN ACT To provide certain basic authority for the Department of State
SEC. 15. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no ap-
propriation shall he made to the Department of State tinder any law
for any fiscal year commencing on or after July 1, 1972, unless pre-
viously authorized by legislation hereafter enacted by the Congress.
The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to, or affect in any man-
ner, permanent appropriations, trust funds, and other similar accounts
administered by the Department as authorized by law.
* * * * * *
Text of Pub lie, Law 73, Sist Congress (S. 1704), 63 Stat. 111, approved May 26, 1949, as amended by Public
Law 250, 84th Congress (S. 2237), 69 Stat. 536, approved August 5 1955, Public. Law 85-477 (H.R. 12181),
72 Stat. 274, approved Juno 30, 1958, Public Law 85-524 (S. 1832j, 72 Stat. 363 approved July 18, 1958,
Public Law 86-117 (S. 1877), 73 Stat. 265, approved July 30, 1959, and Public Law 88-426 (H.R. 11049),
78 Stat. 424, approved August 14, 1964
AN ACT To strengthen and improve the organization and administration of the
Iepartment of State, and for other purposes
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, [That there shall be in the
Department of State in addition to the Secretary of State an Under
Secretary of State, two Deput Under Secretaries of State, and eleven
Assistant Secretaries of Statei That there shall be in the Department of
State, in addition to the Secretary of State, a Deputy Secretary of State,
two Deputy Under Secretaries of State, and twelve Assistant Secretaries
of State.
Excerpts from Title 5, United States Code
CHAPTER 53-PAY RATES AND SYSTEMS
Subchapter III-Executive Schedule Pay Rates
? 5313. Positions at level II
Level 1I of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions,
for which the annual rate of basic pay is $42,500:
(I) Deputy- Secretary of Defense.
(2) [Under Secretary of State.] Deputy Secretary of State.
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? 5315. Positions at level IV
Level IV of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions,
for which the annual rate of basic pay is $38,000:
(22) Assistant Secretary of State [(11)] (12).
CHAPTER 83-RETIREMENT
? 8331. Definitions
For the purpose of this subchapter-
(1) "employee" means-
( * * * * * *
(H) an individual employed by Gallaudet College; [and]
(I) an individual appointed to a position on the office
staff of a former President under section 1(b) of the Act of
August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838) ; and
(J) an alien (i) who was previously employed by the Govern-
ment, (ii) who is employed full time by a foreign government
for the purpose of protecting or furthering the interests of the
United States during an interruption of diplomatic or consular
relations, and (iii) ,for whose services reimbursement is made to
the foreign government by the United States;
Military Personnel and Civilian Employees' Claims At of 1964
(3 U.S.C. 241(b)(1))
[(b) (1) Subject to any policies the President may prescribe to effectu-
ate the purposes of this subsection and under such regulations as the
head of an agency, other than a military department, the Secretary of
the Treasury with respect to the Coast Guard, or the Department of
Defense, may prescribe, he or his designee may settle and pay a
claim arising after the effective date of this Act against the United
States for not more than $6,500 made by a member of the uniformed
services under the jurisdiction of that agency or by a civilian officer
or employee of that agency for damage to, or loss of, personal property
incident to his service. If the claim is substantiated and the possession
of that property is determined to be reasonable, useful, or proper
under the circumstances, the claim may be paid or the property
replaced in kind. This subsection does not apply to claims settled
before its enactment.]
(b) (1) Subject to any policies the President may prescribe to effectuate
the purposes of this subsection and-
(A) under regulations the head of an agency (other than a military
department, the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to the Coast
Guard, the Department of Defense, or an agency or office referred to
in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph) may prescribe for his
agency or part thereof, he or his designee may settle and pay a claim
arising after the effective date of this Act against the United States
for not more than $6,500 made by a member of the uniformed services
under the jurisdiction of that agency or by a civilian officer or employee
of that agency or in the case of ACTION, all of that part of ACTION
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other than the office referred to in such subparagraph, for damage
to, or loss of, personal property incident to his service; and
(B) under regulations the Secretary of State, the Administrator for
the Agency for International Development, the Director of the United
States Information Agency, the Director of the United States Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency, the Director of ACTION with
respect to the office of ACTION engaged primarily in carrying out the
Peace Corps Act, and the Board of Directors of the Overseas Private
Investment Corporation may prescribe for their agencies or, in the
case o ,CTIO11r
f , ,for such, office, he or his designee may settle and pay
a claim arising after the effective date against the United States for
not more than $10,000 made by a civilian officer or employee of such
agency or office for damage to, or loss of personal property incident to
his service.
I f the claim is substantiated and the possession of that property is deter-
mined to be reasonable, useful, or proper under the circumstances, the
claim may be paid or the property replaced in kind. This subsection does
not apply to claims settled before August 31, 1964.
Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended
Text of Public Law 724, 79th Cong. [II.R. 6967], 60 Stat. 999, approved August 13, 1946; as amended by
P.L. 73, 81st Cong. [S. 17041, 63 Stat. 111, May 26,1949; P. L. 160, 81st Cong. [If. R. 5100], 63~Stat. 407, July 6,
1949; P.L. 759, 83d Cong. [II.R. 9910], 68 Stat. 1051, August 31, 1954; P.L. 22, 84th Cong. [H.R. 4941], 69
Stat. 24, April 5, 1955; Y.L. 250, 84th Cong. [S. 2237], 69 Stat. 536, August 5, 1955; P.L. 726, 84th Cong.
[H. R. 11356], 70 Stat. 555, July 18, 1956; P.L. 828, 84th Cong. [S. 3481], 70 Stat. 704, July 28, 1956; P.L.
85 462 [S. 7341, 72 Stat. 203, June 20, 1958; P.L. 85-477 [H.R. 121811, 72 Stat. 261, June 30,1968; P.L. 86-707
[II.R. 77581, 74 Stat. 795, September 6, 1960; P.L. 86-723 [S. 2633], 74 Stat. 831, September 8, 1960; P.L. 87-
195 [S. 1983], 75 Stat. 424, September 4, 1961; P.L. 87-793 IHI.R. 7927], 76 Stat. 832, October 11, 1962; P.L.
88-205 [H.R. 7885], 77 Stat. 379, December 16, 1963; P.L. 88-426 [H.R. 110491, 78 Stat. 400, August 14, 1964;
I'. L. 89-301 IH.R. 102811, 79 Stat. 1111, October 29, 1965; P.L. 89-308 IH.R. 4170], 79 Stat. 1129, October 31,
1965: Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1965 [30 F.R. 9353, July 28, 1965]; P.L. 8934S [S. 2150], 79 Stat. 1312.
November, 1965; C.L. 89 -504 [H.R. 14122], 80 Stat. 288, July 18, 1966; P.L. 89-554 [II.R. 10104], 80 Stat.
378, September 6, 1966; P.C. 89-673 [S. 2463], 80 Stat. 952, October 15, 1966; and P.L. 90-494 (S. 633], 82
Stat. 810, August 20, 1968; P.L. 90-206 [H.R. 7977], 81 Stat. 632, December 16, 1967; P.L. 91-201 [H.R.
14789], 84 Stat. 17, February 28, 1970 Y.L. 91-231 [S. 3690], 84 Stat. 195, April 15, 1970; and F.L.91-656 [H.R.
13000], 84 Stat. 1946, January 8, 1971.
AN ACT To improve, strengthen, and expand the Foreign Service of the United
States and to consolidate and revise the laws relating to its administration.
Part A-Principal Diplomatic Representatives
APPOINTMENTS
SEC. 501. (a) The President shall, by and with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate, appoint ambassadors and ministers, including
career ambassadors and career ministers.
(b) The President may, in his discretion, assign any Foreign Service
officer to serve as minister resident, charge d'affaires, commissioner,
or diplomatic agent for such period as the public interest may require.
(c) On and after the date of enactment of the Foreign Relations Authori-
ation Act of 1972, no person shall be designated as ambassador or
minister, and no person shall use the title of ambassador, or be designated
to serve in any position or use any title which includes either of those
words, unless that person is appointed as an ambassador or minister in
accordance with subsection (a) of this section or clause 3, section 2, of
section 2, of article II of the Constitution, relating to recess appointments.
* * * * * * *
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TITLE VI-PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION
[SEC. 623. The Secretary is authorized to establish, with the advice
of the Board of the Foreign Service, selection boards to evaluate the
performance of Foreign Service officers, and upon the basis of their
findings the Secretary shall make recommendations to the President
for the promotion of Foreign Service officers. No person assigned to
serve on any such board shall serve in such capacity for any two
consecutive years.]
SEC. 623. (a) The Secretary shall establish, with the advice of the
Board of the Foreign Service, selection boards to evaluate the performance
of Foreign Service officers; and upon the basis of their findings, which,
except for career ambassadors and career ministers, shall be submitted to
the Secretary in rank order by class or in rank order by specialization
within a class, the Secretary shall make recommendations in accordance
with the findings to the President for the promotion of Foreign Service
officers. No person assigned to serve on any such board shall serve in such
capacity for any two consecutive years.
(b) In special circumstances, which shall be set forth by regulations,
the Secretary may recommend to the President the promotion of a Foreign
Service officer who has received a recommendation for a promotion by a
grievance panel.
FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS WHO ARE CAREER AMBASSADORS OR CAREER
MINISTERS
[SEC. 631. Any Foreign Service officer who is a career ambassador
or a career minister, other than one occupying a position as chief of
mission or any other position to which he has been appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall
upon reaching the age of sixty-five, be retired from the Service and
receive retirement benefits in accordance with the provisions of section
821, but whenever the Secretary shall determine it to be in the public
interest, he may extend such an officer's service for a period not to
exceed five years.
PARTICIPANTS IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY
SYSTEM WHO ARE NOT CAREER AMBASSADORS OR CAREER MINISTERS 62
[SEC. 632. Any participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and
Disability System, other than one occupying a position as chief of
mission or any other position to which he has been appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who is
not a career ambassador or a career minister shall, upon reaching the
age of sixty, be retired from the Service and receive retirement benefits
in accordance with the provisions of section 821, but whenever the
Secretary shall determine it to be in the public interest, he may extend
such participant's service for a period not to exceed five years.]
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FORETON SERVICE OFFICERS WHO A RE CAREER AMBASSADORS
SEC 681. Any. Foreign Service officer who is a career ambassador, other
than one occupyng a position as chief of mission or any other position to
wh.?:ch he has been appointed by the President, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate, shall be retired from the Service at the end of the
month in which he reaches age sixty-five and receive retirement benefits in
accordance with the provisions of section 821, but whenever the Secretary
shall determine it to be in the public interest, he may extend such an officer's
service for a period not to exceed five years. Any such officer who hereafter
completes a period of authorized service after he reaches age sixty-five
Shall be retired at the end of the month in which he completes such service.
PARTICIPANTS IN TTIE FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY
5YS'~'/%ir WHO ARE NOT CAREER AMBASSADORS
SEC. 632. Any participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and
L)isability System, other than one occupying a position as chief of mission
or any other position to which he has been appointed by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who is not a career
ambassador shall be retired from the Service at the end of the month in
which he reaches age sixty and receive retirement benefits in accordance
with the provisions of section 821, but whenever the Secretary shall
determine it to be -in, the public interest, he may extend such participant's
.service for a period not to exceed five years. Any such officer who hereafter
completes a period of authorized service after he reaches age sixty shall be
retired at the end of the month in which he completes such service.
PART .I-FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCES
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
SEC. 6!71. It is the purpose of this part to provide officers and employees
of the Service and their survivors, a grievance procedure to insure the
fullest measure of due process, and to provide for the just consideration
and resolution of grievances of such officers, employees, and survivors.
REGULATIONS OF THE SECRETARY
SEc. 6.92. The Secretary shall, consistent with the purposes stated, in
section 691 of this Act, implement this part by promulgating regulations,
and revising those regulations when necessary, to provide for the consid-
eration and resolution of grievances by a board. No such regulation
promulgated by the Secretary shall in any manner alter or amend the
provisions for due process established by this section for grievants. The
regulations shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
(1) Any grievant shall be entitled to file a grievance with the board for
flits consideration and resolution. For the purposes of the regulations-
(A) "grievant" shall mean any officer or employee of the Service, or
any such officer or employee separated from the Service, who is a citizen
of the United States, or in the case of the death of the officer or em-
ployee, a surviving spouse or dependent family member of the officer
or employee; and
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(B) "grievance" shall mean a complaint against any claim of in-
justice or unfair treatment of such officer or employee arising from
his employment or career status, or from any actions, documents, or
records, which could result in career impairment or damage, monetary
loss to the officer or employee, or deprivation of basic due process, and
shall include, but not be limited to, actions in the nature of reprisals
and discrimination, actions related to promotion or selection out,
the contents of any efficiency report, related records, or security
records, and actions in the nature of adverse personnel actions, in-
eluding separation ,for cause, denial of a salary increase within a
class, written reprimand placed in a personnel file, or denial of
allowances.
(2) (,J,) The board considering and resolving grievances shall be com-
posed of independent, distinguished citizens of the United States well
known for their integrity, who are not officers or employees of the Depart-
ment, the Service, the Agency. for International Development, or the United
States Information Agency. The board shall consist of a panel of three
members, one of whom shall be appointed by the Secretary, one of whom
shall be appointed by the organization accorded recognition as the exclusive
representative of the officers and employees of the Service, and one who
shall be appointed by the other two members. However, if such two members
are unable to agree on an individual to be appointed as the third member
within ten days after the second of such two members is appointed, the
Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia Circuit shall appoint the third member. If members of the board
(including members of additional panels, if any) find that additional
panels of three members are necessary to consider and resolve expeditiously
grievances filed with the board, the board shall determine the number of
such additional panels necessary, and appointments to each such panel
shall be made in the same manner as the original panel. Members shall
(i) serve for two-year terms, and (ii) receive compensation at the same
rate paid an individual at GS-18 of the General Schedule under section
5332 of title 5, United States Code. Whenever there are two or more panels,
grievances shall be referred to the panels on a rotating basis. Except in
the case of duties, powers, and responsibilities under this paragraph (2),
each panel is authorized to exercise all duties, powers, and responsibilities
of the board.
(B) The board may obtain such facilities and supplies through the
general administrative services of the Department, and appoint and fix
the compensation of such officers and employees as the board considers
necessary to carry out its functions. The officers and employees so appoint-
ed shall be responsible solely to the board. All expenses of the board shall be
paid out of funds appropriated to the Department for obligation and ex-
penditure by the board. The records of the board shall be maintained by the
board and shall be separate, from all other records of the Department.
(3) A grievance under such regulations is forever barred, and the board
shall not consider or resolve the grievance, unless the grievance is field
within a period of six months after the occurrence or occurrences giving
rise to the grievance, except that if the grievance arose prior to the date the
regulations are first promulgated or placed into ef/ect, the grievance shall
be so barred, and not so considered and resolved, unless it is filed within
a period of one year after the date of enactment of this part. There shall be
excluded from the computation of any such period any time during which
the grievant was unaware of the grounds which are the basis of the grievance
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and could not have discovered such grounds if he had exercised, as deter-
mined by the board, reasonable diligence.
(4) The board shall conduct a hearing in any case filed with it. A
hearing shall be open unless the board for good cause determines otherwise.
The grievant and, as the grievant may determine, his representative or
representatives are entitled to be present at the hearing. Testimony at a
hearing shall be given by oath or affirmation, which any board member
shall have authority to administer (and this paragraph so authorizes).
Each party (A) shall be entitled to examine and cross-examine witnesses
at the hearing or by deposition, and (B) shall be entitled to serve interroga-
tories upon another party and have such interrogatories answered by the
other party. Upon request of the board or grievant, the Department shall
promptly make available at the hearing or by deposition any witness
under the control, supervision, or responsibility of the Department, except
that if the board determines that the presence of such witness at the hearing
would be of material importance, then the witness shall be made available
at the hearing. If the witness is not made available in person or by deposi-
tion within a reasonable time as determined by the board, the facts at issue
shall be construed in favor of the grievant. Depositions of witnesses (which
are hereby authorized, and may be taken before any official of the United
States authorized to administer an oath or affirmation, or, in the case of
witnesses overseas, by deposition on notice before an American consular
officer) and hearings shall be recorded and transcribed verbatim.
(5) Z11 ny grievant filing a grievance, and any witness or other person
involved in a proceeding before the board, shall be free from any restraint,
interference, coercion, discrimination, or reprisal. The grievant has the
right to a representative of his own choosing at every stage of the proceed-
ings. The grievant and his representatives who are under the control,
supervision, or responsibility of the Department shall be granted reasonable
periods of administrative leave to prepare, to be present, and to present
the grievance of such grievant. Any witness under the control, supervision,
or responsibility of the Department shall be granted reasonable periods
of administrative leave to appear and testify at any such proceeding.
(6) In considering the validity of a grievance, the board shall have access
to any document or information considered by the board to be relevant,
including, but not limited to, the personnel and, under appropriate
security measures, security records of such officer or employee, and of any
rating or reviewing officer (if the subject matter of the grievance relates
to that rating or reviewing officer). Any such document or information
requested shall be provided promptly by the Department. A rating officer
or reviewing officer shall be informed by the board if any report for which
he is responsible is being examined.
(7) The Department shall promptly furnish the grievant any such
document or information (other than any security record or the personnel
or security records of any other officer or employee of the Government)
which the grievant requests to substantiate his grievance and which the
board determines is relevant to the proceeding.
(8) The Department shall expedite any security clearance whenever
necessary to insure a. fair and prompt investigation and hearing.
(9) The board may consider any relevant evidence or information coming
to its attention.
(10) I f the board determines that (A) the Department is considering
any action (including, but not limited to, separation or termination)
which is related to, or may affect, a grievance pending before the board,
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and (B) the action should be suspended, the Department shall suspend
such action until the board has ruled upon such grievance.
(11) Upon completion of the proceedings, if the board resolves that the
grievance is meritorious-
(A) in the case of a grievance not relating to the promotion, assign-
ment, or selection out of such officer or employee, it shall direct the
Secretary to grant such relief as the board deems proper under the
circumstances, and the resolution and relief granted by the board shall
be, final and binding upon all parties; and
(B) in the case of a grievance relating to any such promotion,
assignment, or selection out, it shall certify such resolution to the
Secretary, together with such recommendations for relief as it deems
appropriate and the entire record of the board's proceedings, includ-
ing the transcript of the hearing, if any. The board's recommenda-
tions are final and binding on all parties, except that the Secretary
may reject any such recommendation only if he determines that the
foreign policy or security of the United States will be adversely
affected. Any such determination shall be fully documented with the
reasons therefor and shall be signed personally by the Secretary, with
a copy thereof furnished the grievant. After completing his review of
the resolution, recommendation, and record of proceedings of the
board, the Secretary shall return the entire record of the case to the
board for its retention. No officer or employee of the Department
participating in a proceeding on behalf of the Department shall, in any
manner, prepare, assist in preparing, advise, inform, or otherwise
participate in, any review or determination of the Secretary with
respect to that proceeding.
(12) The board shall have authority to insure that no copy of the
Secretary's determination to reject a board's recommendation, no notation
of the failure of the board to find for the grievant, and no notation that a
proceeding is pending or has been held, shall be entered in the personnel
records of such officer or employee to whom the grievance relates or any-
where else in the records of the Department, other than in the records of
the board.
(13) A grievant whose grievance is found not to be meritorious by the
board may obtain reconsideration by the board only upon presenting
newly discovered relevant evidence not previously considered by the board
and then only upon approval of the board.
(14) The board shall promptly notify the Secretary, with recommenda-
tions for appropriate disciplinary action, of any contravention by any
person of any of the rights, remedies, or procedures contained in this part
or in regulations promulgated under this part.
SEC. 693. If a grievant files a grievance under this part, and if, prior
to filing such grievance, he has not formally requested that the matter or
matters which are the basis of the grievance be considered and resolved,
and relief provided, under a provision of law, regulation, or order, other
than under this part, then such matter or matters may only be considered
and resolved, and relief provided, under this part. A grievant may not file
a grievance under this part if he has formally requested, prior to filing a
grievance, that the matter or matters which are the basis of the grievance
be considered and resolved, and relief provided under a provision of law,
regulation, or order, other than under this part.
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SFC. 694. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, regulations
promulgated by the Secretary under section 692 of this Act, revisions of
such regulations, and actions of the Secretary or the board pursuant to
such section, may be judicially reviewed in accordance with the provisions
of chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code.
United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of
1948, as amended
Text of Public Law 402, 80th Congress [ILR. 3342], 62 Stat. 6, approved January 27, 1948; as amended by
Public Law 298, 82d Congress [S. 2077], 66 Stat. 43, approved April 5, 1952; Public Law 414, 82d Congress
(Ii.R. 5678], 66 Stat. 276, approved June 27, 1952; Public Law 665, 83d Congress [H.R. 9678], 68 Stat. 862,
approved August 26, 1964; Public Law 555, 84th Congress [S. 2562], 70 Stat. 241, approved June 4, 1956;
Public Law 726, 84th Congress [H.R. 11356], 70 Stat. 555, approved July 18, 1956; Public Law 85-477,
85th Congress, 72 Stat. 261, approved June 30, 1968; Public Law 87-139, 75 Stat. 339, approved August 14,
1961; and Public Law 87-256, 75 Stat. 527, approved September 21, 1961
AN ACT To promote the better understanding of the United States among the
peoples of the world and to strengthen cooperative international relations.
TITLE V--DISSEMINATING INFORMATION ABOUT THE
UNITED STATES ABROAD
SFc. 501. The Secretary is authorized, when he finds it appro-
priate, to provide for the preparation, and dissemination abroad, of
information about the United States, its people, and its policies,
through press, publications, radio, motion pictures, and other infor-
mation media., and through information centers and instructors
abroad. Any such [press release or radio script] information shall not
be disseminated within the United States, its territories, or possessions, but,
on request, shall be available in the English language at the Depart.-
inent of State, at all reasonable times following its release as informa-
tion abroad, for examination by representatives of United States
press associations, newspapers, magazines, radio systems, and stations,
and, on request, shall be made available to Members of Congress.
Sec. 503. (a) In. carrying out the provisions of this Act or any other law,
no Government agency shall, directly or indirectly, prepare or assist in
preparing for dissemination, or disseminate, information of any kind for,
on behalf of, or in the name of, any foreign government.
(b) No Government agency shall prepare, or assist in preparing infor-
mation, for dissemination abroad, unless the information prepared by
that agency, or with the assistance of that agency, clearly indicates at the
beginning of such information the name of the Government agency so
preparing or assisting.
(c) For purposes of this section, the dissemination of information in-
cludes, publication, broadcasting, and telecasting of information.
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SEC. 701. Appropriations to carry out the purposes of this Act
are hereby authorized. The provisions of this section shall not apply to,
or affect in any manner, permanent appropriations, trust funds, and
other similar accounts administered by the Secretary or such agency as
authorized by law.
TITLE VIII-ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES
BASIC AUTHORITY
See. 804. In carrying out the provisions of this Act, the Secretary, or any
Government agency authorized to administer such provisions, may-
(1) employ, without regard to the civil service and classification
laws, aliens abroad for service in the United States relating to the
translation or narration of colloquial speech in foreign languages
when suitable qualified United States citizens are not available
(such aliens to be investigated for such employment in accordance
with procedures established by the Secretary or such agency and the
Attorney General). Such persons may be admitted to the United
States, if otherwise qualified, as nonimmigrants under section 101(a)
(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 (a) (15))
for such time and under such conditions and procedures as may be
established by the Secretary and the Attorney General;
(2) pay travel expenses of aliens employed abroad for service in the
United States and their dependents to and from the United States;
(3) incur expenses for entertainment within the United States
within such amounts as may be provided in appropriations Acts;
(4) obtain insurance on official motor vehicles operated by the
Secretary or such agency in foreign countries, and pay the expenses
incident thereto;
(5) notwithstanding the provisions of section 2680(k) of title 28,
United States Code, pay tort claims. in the manner authorized in the
first paragraph of section 2672 of such title, when such claims arise
in foreign countries in connection with operations conducted abroad
under this Act;
(6) employ aliens by contract for services abroad;
(7) provide ice and drinking water abroad;
(8) pay excise taxes on negotiable instruments abroad;
(9) pay the actual expenses of preparing and transporting to their
former homes the remains of persons, not United States Government
employees, who may die away from their homes while participating in
activities conducted under this Act;
(10) rent or lease, for periods not exceeding five years, offices,
building, grounds, and living quarters abroad for employees carrying
out this Act, and make payments therefor in advance;
(11) maintain, improve, and repair properties used for information
activities in foreign countries;
(12) furnish fuel and utilities for Government-owned or leased
property abroad; and
(13) pay travel expenses of employees attending official interna-
tional conferences, without regard to sections 5701-5708 of title 5,
United States Code, and regulations issued thereunder, but at rates
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not in. excess of comparable allowances approved for such conferences
by the Secretary.
TRAVEL EXPENSES
SEc. 805. Appropriated funds made available for any fiscal year to
the Secretary or any such Government agency, to carry out the provisions
of this Act, for expenses in connection with travel of personnel outside
the continental United States, including travel of dependents and trans-
portation of personal effects, household goods, or automobiles of such
personnel, shall be available for all such expenses in connection with
travel or transportation which begins in that fiscal year pursuant to travel
orders issued in that year, notwithstanding the fact that such travel or
transportation may not be completed until the following fiscal year.
Arms Control and Disarmament Act, as amended
Text of Public Law 87-297, 75 Stat. 631, approved September 26, 1961, as amended by Public Law 88-186,
77 Stat. 341, approved November 26, 1963, by Public Law 89--27, 79 Stat. 118, a proved May 27, 1965, and
by Public Law 90-314, 82 Stat. 129, approved May 23, 1968, and by Public Law 91-246, 64 Stat. 207,
approved May 12, 1970, with annotations reflecting other pertinent statutes.
AN ACT To establish a United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
SEC. 49. (a) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated not to
exceed $10,000,000 to remain available until expended, to carry out
the purposes of this Act. In addition, there is hereby authorized to be
appropriated for the fiscal years 1964 and 1965, the sum of $20,000,000,
and for the three fiscal years 1966 though 1968, the sum of $30,000,000,
and for the two fiscal years 1969 through 1970, the sum of $18,500,000,
and for the two fiscal years 1971 and 1972, the sum of $17,500,000, and
for the two fiscal years 1973 and 1974, the sum of $31,995,000,000, to
remain available until expended, to carry out the purposes of this Act.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, not more than
$7,000,000 of the funds appropriated pursuant to the preceding
sentence for fiscal years 1969 through 1970 may be used for the purpose
of research, development, and other studies conducted in whole or in
part outside the Agency, whether by other government agencies or by
public or private institutions or persons: Provided, That this limitation
shall not apply to field test activities conducted pursuant to the
authority of this Act. Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
$9,995,000 of the amounts appropriated for fiscal year 1973 to carry out
this Act shall be obligated and expended only to conduct seismic research.
The Peace Corps Act, as amended
Test of Public Law 87-293 [H.R. 75001, 75 Stat. 612, approved September 22, 1961, as amended by Public
Law 87-442 [H.R. 107001, 76 Stat. 62, approved April 27, 1982 Public Law 87-793 (H.R. 79271, 76 Stat.
832, 865, approved October 11, 1962 Public Law 88-200 [II.R. 9009], 77 Stat. 359, approved December 13,
1963; Public Law 88- -285 [S. 2455], 78 Stat. 166, approved March 17 1964; Public Law 88426 [H.R. 11049],
78 Stat. 400, 421, approved August 14 1964; Public Law 88-448 [fI.R. 7381], 78 Stat. 484, 490 approved
August 19, 1961; Public Law 89-134 [SI. 2054], 79 Stat. 549, approved August 21, 1965; Public Law 89-572
[S. 3418], 80 Stat. 764, approved September 13, 1966; Public Law 90-175 [S. 1031], 81 Stat. 542, approved
December 5, 1967; Public Law 90-362 S. 29141, 82 Stat. 250, approved June 27, 1968; Public Law 91-99
[ILR. 11039], 83 Stat. 166, approved October 29, 1969; and Public Law 91-352 [S. 3430], 84 Stat. 464, ap-
proved July 24, 1970
AN ACT To provide for a Peace Corps to help the peoples of interested countries
and areas in meeting their needs for skilled manpower
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SEC. 3. (a) The President is authorized to carry out the programs in
furtherance of the purposes of this Act, on such terms and conditions
as he may determine.
(b) [There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the President
for the fiscal year 1971 not to exceed $98,800,000] There are authorized
to be appropriated to the President for the fiscal year 1973 not to exceed
$77,000,000 to carry out the purposes of this Act: Provided however,
That not to exceed $500,000 of funds made available hereunder for
fiscal year 1967 shall be obligated under contracts or agreements to
carry out research: Provided further, That no such contracts or agree-
ments shall be executed unless the research in question relates to the
basic responsibilities of the Peace Corps. Unobligated balances of
funds made available hereunder are hereby authorized to be continued
available for the general purposes for which appropriated and may at
any time be consolidated with appropriations hereunder. None of the
funds authorized to carry out the purposes of this Act shall be used
to carry out the Volunteers to America Program conducted under
the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as
amended (22 U.S.C. 2451 et. seq.), or any similar program involving
the service or training of foreign nationals in the United States.
(c) There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for the
purposes of this Act, in addition to funds otherwise available for such
purposes, for fiscal year 1973, $5,000,000 in foreign currencies which
the Secretary of the Treasury determines to be excess to the normal require-
ments of the United States.
TITLE III-ENCOURAGEMENT OF VOLUNTARY SERVICE
PROGRAMS
SEC. 301. (a) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United
States and a further purpose of this Act (1) to encourage countries and
areas to establish programs under which their citizens and nationals
would volunteer to serve in order to help meet the needs of less devel-
oped countries or areas for trained manpower; (2) to encourage less
developed countries or areas to establish programs under which their
citizens and nationals would volunteer to serve in order to meet their
needs for trained manpower; and (3) to encourage the development
of, and participation in, international voluntary service programs
and activities.
(b) (1) Activities carried out by the President in furtherance of the
purposes of clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall be
limited to the furnishing of knowledge and skills relating to the
selection, training, and programing of volunteer manpower. None of
the funds available for use in the furtherance of such purposes may
be contributed to any international organization or to any foreign
government or agency thereof; nor may such funds be used to pay
the costs of developing or operating volunteer programs of such
organization, government, or agency, or to pay any other costs of
such organization, government, or agency.
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Not more than [$300,000] $850,000 may be used in any fiscal year
[1971] to carry out the provisions of clause (3) of subsection (a)
of this section. Such funds may be contributed to educational institu-
tions, private voluntary organizations, international organizations,
and foreign governments or agencies thereof, to pay a fair and pro-
portionate share of the costs of encouraging the development of,
and participation in, international voluntary programs and activities.
(e) Such activities shall not compromise the national character of
the Peace Corps.
[PEACE CORPS NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL
SEC. 12. (a) The President may appoint to membership in a board
to be known as the Peace Corps National Advisory Council twenty-
five persons who are broadly representative of educational institutions,
voluntary agencies, farm organizations, and labor unions, and other
public and private organizations and groups as well as individuals
interested in the programs and objectives of the Peace Corps, to advise
and consult with the President with regard to policies and programs
designed to further the purposes of this Act.
(b) Members of the Council shall serve at the pleasure of the Presi-
(lent and meet at his call. They shall receive no compensation for their
services, but members who are not officers or employees of the United
states Government may each receive out of funds made available for
the purposes of this Act a per diem allowance of $50 for each day,
not to exceed twenty days in any fiscal year in the case of any such
member, spent away from his home or regular place of business for
the purpose of attendance at meetings or conferences and in necessary
travel, and while so engaged may be paid actual travel expenses and
per diem in lieu of subsistence and other expenses, at the applicable
rate prescribed by the Standardized Government Travel Regulations,
as amended from time to time.]
The Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (60 Stat.
5'96; 50 U.S.C. 98-98h)
[ SEC. 10. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, on and after
January 1, 1972, the President may not prohibit or regulate the impor-
tation into the United States of any material determined to be strategic
and critical pursuant to the provisions of this Act, if such material is
the product of any foreign country or area not listed as a Communist-
dominated country or area in general headnote 3(d) of the Tariff
Schedules of the United States (19 U.S.C. 1202), for so long as the
importation into the United States of material of that kind which is
the product of such Communist-dominated countries or areas is not
prohibited by any provision of law.]
[SEC. 11] See. 10.
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Retained Provisions of the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as
amended
SEC. 502. USE OF FOREIGN CURRENCY.-(a) Notwithstanding sec-
tion 1415 of the Supplemental Appropriation Act 1953, or any other
provision of law, proceeds of sales made under Section 550 of the
Mutual Security Act of 1951, as amended, shall remain available and
shall be used for any purposes of this Act, giving particular regard to
the following purposes-
(1) for providing military assistance to nations or mutual
defense organizations eligible to receive assistance under this Act;
.(2) for purchase of goods or services in friendly nations;
(3) for loans, under applicable provisions of this Act, to in-
crease production of goods or services, including strategic ma-
terials, needed in any nation with which an agreement was
negotiated, or in other friendly nations, with the authority to
use currencies received in repayment for the purposes stated in
this section or for deposit to the general account of the Treasury
of the United States;
(4) for developing new markets on a mutually beneficial basis;
(5) for grants-in-aid to increase production for domestic needs
in friendly countries; and
(6) for purchasing materials for United States stockpiles.
[(b) Notwithstanding section 1415 of the Supplemental Appropria-
tion Act, 1953, or any other provision of law, local currencies owned
by the United States, which are in excess of the amounts reserved un-
der section 612(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended,
and of the requirements of the United States Government in payment
of its obligations outside the United States, as such requirements may
be determined from time to time by the President, (and any other local
currencies owned by the United States in amounts not to exceed the
equivalent of $50 per day per person exclusive of the actual cost of
transportation) shall be made available to appropriate committees
of the Congress engaged in carrying out their duties under section 136
of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended, and to the
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy and the Joint Economic Com-
mittee and the Select Committees on Small Business of the Senate and
House of Representatives for their local currency expenses: Provided,
That each member or employee of any such committee shall make, to
the chairman of such committee in accordance with regulations pre-
scribed by such committee, an itemized report showing the amounts
and dollar equivalent values of each such foreign currency expended
and the amounts of dollar expenditures made from appropriated funds
in connection with travel outside the United States, together with the
purposes of the expenditure, including lodging, meals, transportation,
and other purposes. Within the first sixty days that Congress is in
session in each calendar year, the chairman of each such committee
shall prepare a consolidated report showing the total itemized expendi-
tures during the preceding calendar year of the committee and each
subcommittee thereof, and of each member and employee of such
committee or subcommittee, and shall forward such consolidated
report to the Committee on House Administration of the House of
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120
Representatives (if the committee be a committee of the House of
Representatives or a joint committee whose funds are disbursed by
the Clerk of the House) or to the Committee on Appropriations of the,
Senate (if the committee be a Senate Committee or a joint committee
whose funds are disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate). Each such
report submitted by each committee shall be published in the Con-
gressional Record within ten legislative days after receipt by thel
Committee on House Administration of the House or the Committee'
on Appropriations of the Senate.]
(b) Notwithstanding section 1415 of the Supplemental Appropriation' Act, 1153, or any other provision of law, local currencies owned by the!.
United States, which are in excess of the amounts reserved under section
612(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and which are determined'
by the Secretary of the Treasury to be excess to the normal requirements
of the United States, shall be made available to appropriate committees'
of the Congress engaged in carrying out their duties under section 136 of
the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and to the Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy and the Joint Economic Committee and the Select
Committees on Small Business of the Senate and House of Representatives
for their local currency expenses. Any such excess local currencies shall
not be made available (1) to defray subsistence expenses or fees of wit-
nesses appearing before any such committee in the United States, or (2) in
amounts greater than the equivalent of $75 a day for each person, exclusive'
of the actual cost of transportation.
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ADDITIONAL VIEWS Or SENATOR SPONG
After discussing for several years the need for authorizing legisla-
tion for the Department of State and U.S. Information Agency
(USIA), Congress this year included in a foreign aid authorization
bill a provision requiring periodic authorizations for the Department
and USIA. I approve of the authorization requirement.
We now have before us the results of our first, limited authorization
efforts. In view of the desire of the committee, myself included, to
require such authorizing legislation and in view of the fact that this
is the first year we have had it, I believe we should not attach the
amendment relating to Southeast Asia to this bill. Essentially this bill
deals with administration of the affected agencies. Policy, which the
Southeast Asia amendment represents, can be more appropriately
handled in other legislation.
For these reasons, I voted "present" when the amendment to termi-
nate funds for activities in Southeast Asia on December 31, 1972, was
considered in committee. I believe the Senate should express itself on
Southeast Asia and have myself supported such an expression, in the
form of the Mansfield amendment, on a number of occasions. I will
support appropriate expressions in the future. I do, however, believe
that it would be preferable for this authorization bill to be passed
without policy amendments.
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