FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1972

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 64
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 27, 2004
• Sequence Number: 23
• Publication Date: May 17, 1972
• Content Type: OPEN

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May 17, 1972
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
I ask These 43 Americans are responsible for this provision section 504 was put in the
t
sid
en
,
Mr. , ELLIVION. Mr. Pre
unanimous consent that the order for the overseeing the sanitary conditions in bill.
quorum call be rescinded. more than 1,000 meat packing plants I ask unanimous consent that that
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without which process meat for shipment into entire section of the report be printed
objection, it is so ordered. the United States. These plants ship more in the RECORD at this point.
than 1 billion pounds of meat a year into There being no objection, the extract
the United States. The truth of the mat- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZA- ter is that we need many more Ameri- as follows:
TION ACT OF 1972 cans performing this service to pro- SECTION 504. PERSONNEL REDUCTION
The Senate continued with the consid- tect the U.S. consumer, not fewer. This section requires that by June 30, 1973,
eration of the bill (S. 3526) to provide au- They protect U.S. agriculture and the the total number of U.S. government per-
thorizations for certain agencies con- food economy from the introduction of sonnet assigned abroad, other than person-
ducting the foreign relations of the diseases and pests that do not exist in nel of the Department of State (including
this country and would cause untold reimbursable personnel carried on the De-
Ullited States, and for other purposes. partment's rolls), members of the Armed
1 AMENDMENT NO. less damage to U.S. plants and animals Forces not assigned as attaches or to mili-
should they gain a foothold here. tary aid activities and volunteers in the
Mr. BELLMON. Mr. President, I ask There are, only eight Americans en- Peace corps, be reduced by at least ten per-
unanimous consent that the pending gaged in research on marketing quality cent from the current levels. In addition, the
amendment be temporarily laid aside in of U.S. products exported to Europe. This amendment places a worldwide ceiling of
order that amendment No. 1189 may be small number of market researchers are 6,000 on the number of State Department
called up. aiding in the development of equipment personnel (including' reimbursable person-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there and techniques to deliver U.S. perishable nel assigned to the Department) who can
objection? Without objection, it is so be stationed overseas at any one time.
commodities to major European markets. According to the recent information avail-
ordered. A large- Potential for expanded export able to the Committee, there are some
Mr. BELLMON. Mr. President, I call UP trade in fresh fruits, vegetables, meats, 26,000 U.S. personnel overseas under the
my amendment No. 1189 and ask that it and other perishable depends on the de- jurisdiction of diplomatic mission chiefs. Of
be read. velopment of improved delivery methods, this total, State Department personnel en-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The reduction in force proposed by this gaged in regular Department related activi-
amendment will be read. section could result in the removal of 20 ties number 3,409 or about 13 percent. If to
The assistant legislative clerk read the Americans from any of these functions. It this total are added those carried on the
amendment (No. 1189) as follows: Department's rolls as reimbursable person-
could result in the elimination of all re- nel, those whose duties actually are in be-
On page 31, line 1, following the word "mis- search activities of the Department of half of other agencies such as A.I.D., U.S. In-
sions," insert the following: "personnel of the Agriculture overseas under Public Law formation Agency, and 'others, the State
Department of Agriculture,". 480 and other programs designed to in- Department total increases to 5,809-but
Mr RFT TMON Mr. President, the pur- crease our export markets. Or it could even this amount represents only 22 percent
pose of this amendment is very simple. result in a reduction by one-half of the of the total.
The language of S. 3526 as now written size of the present inspection program By comparison there were:
5,047 AID personnel;
would reduce the number of personnel of carried on by the Department of Agri- 4,650 Defense Department personnel (ex-
each of the agencies other than the State culture to insures t a.t n dductscoming cluding members of the Armed Forces) ;
Department by 10 percent. This includes into our country are pure and who e1 SOlne. 8,372 Peace Corps personnel;
the Department of Agriculture, and in I am sure that this is not the intention 1,069 USIA personnel;
checking with the Department I find of e~~?^^~^~~+ ?? ?r ?rpfnrP ;t my 1,527 other Executive Branch personnel?in-
that presently the Department of Agri- feeling that the personnel of the U.S. eluding Justice, Agriculture, Commerce,
culture has a total of only 203 American Department of Agriculture should be ex- HEW, NASA and EXIM Bank.
In other words, for every State Department
citizens assigned overseas. The jobs con- empt from the personnel reduction order employee overseas there are four more em-
ployees by those individuals fall into four by section 504 of this act. ployees from other government agencies.
categories: Therefore, it is my hope that the chair- This situation indicates that our overseas
One. The Foreign Agriculture Service man of the committee will accept this missions have developed into miniature
has only 138 Americans overseas. These amendment. I strongly feel that the per- foreign policy establishments, drawn along
persons are engaged in market develop- sonnel of the USDA should not be in- the lines of Washington Itself. Those Execu-
ment and reporting on market opportu- eluded in the reduction order by section tive Branch agencies (Other than State)
nitkes and the competitive situation for 504 of S. 3526. which have a foreign-policy input in Wash-
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, com- ington-ranging from the Department of
agricultural markets around the world. Defense to the Department of Agriculture-
Their main effort is directed toward ex- ing from a ri rat State as I do, also have their representatives overseas, the
port expansion programs that have I am, Of course, very sympathetic to the only difference being that the representa-
helped to increase U.S. farm exports to. point the Senator from Oklahoma is tion is on a smaller scale.
record levels. making. There are one or two observa- This provision would begin to reverse this
The second category is in Agriculture tions I should like to make. situation and start to reduce the number of
Research Service, with only 14 Americans The bill as reported does not impose a government employees overseas to a more
assigned overseas. The personnel in this 10-percent cut in the overseas personnel manageable level, while a the same time en-
of each agency. The categories which are hancing the power of the State department
category are highly trained research ad- to regain better control over our missions
ministrators who supervise projects un- mentioned on page 98 of the report are abroad.
der the Public Law 480 program. These simply illustrative of the numbers in- This mandatory reduction reflects the Com-
projects are of great value to the United volved. In other words, it was our inten- mittee's concern over the proliferation of
States and the host country and are tion that it be an overall cut, to be government personnel abroad. it recognizes
carrried on at a minimum cost to the allocated amo all the agencies in ac- that some reductions have been made in the
taxpayers. cordance with he execcu lye depart- last several years, but believes that substan-
tially greater reductions could be made which
The third category is in the Animal and would result in the more efficient and effec-
Health Inspection Service-which is the as do now- a if the executive . tive conduct of foreign affairs. This reduc-
one, frankly, that interests me the most- branch used good judgment, it would i tion should also have a favorable impact on
in which only 51 Americans are assigned not harm one of the most important the government's fiscal condition and our
overseas. The work of this agency is di- and essential parts of our foreign activi- balance of payments problem.
vided into two parts: First, guarding ties, agricultural exports and other such The Committee views the ten percent re-
against the import of pests, diseases, and activities carried out abroad by the De- duction required as a minimum figure and
unfit food. Only 43 Americans are as- partment of Agriculture. expects that serious efforts will be made to
The Senator from Oklahoma certainly reduce the overseas bureaucracy much fur-
American this task. they. The Committee will follow the imple-
signed These officers cerspr pr o to otect perform
hese consum- is right in drawing attention to this. As mentation of this directive closely and ex-
ers from import into the United States of I said, I am very sympathetic to his pro- pest to give careful study to the results dur-
food products that do not meet U.S. posal. ing consideration for authorization legisla-
standards for purity and wholesomeness. I might point out as background why tion for FY 1974. In addition, the Committee
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vide a detailed justification in the FY 1974
presentation material of all U.S. personnel in
each U.S. mission abroad to which 50 or
more Americans are assigned.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I shall read just
parts of it:
According to the recent information avail-
able to the Committee, there are some 26,000
U.S. personnel overseas under the jurisdic-
tion of diplomatic mission chiefs. Of this
total, State Department personnel engaged
in regular Department related activities
number 3,409 or about 13 percent. If to this
total are added those carried on the Depart-
ment's rolls as reimbursable personnel, those
whose duties actually are in behalf of other
agencies such as A.I.D., U.S. Information
Agency, and others, the State Department
total increases to 5,809-but even this
amount represents only 22 percent of the
total.
By comparison there were:
5,047 AID personnel;
4,650 Defense Department personnel (ex-
cluding members of the Armed Forces);
These, of course, do not include any of
the people in the Army or other Armed
Forces--
8,372 Peace Corps personnel;
1,069 USIA personnel;
1,527 other Executive Branch personnel in-
cluding Justice, Agriculture, Commerce,
HEW, NASA and EXIM Bank.
In other words, for every State Department
employee overseas there are four more em-
ployees from other government agencies.
This situation indicates that our overseas
missions have developed into miniature for-
eign policy establishments, drawn along the
lines of Washington itself. Those Executive
Branch agencies (other than State) which
have a foreign-policy input in Washington-
ranging from the Department of Defense to
the Department of Agriculture-also have
their representatives overseas, the only dif-
ference being that the representation is on a
smaller scale.
We have had many reports from am-
bassadors in the field that their respec-
tive establishments are larger than nec-
essary. Some of them said to me that
they could do a better job if they did not
have so many people cluttering up the
embassy. They do not like to go on rec-
ord as saying that. Being in the execu-
tive branch, it is not healthy for them to
say It directly, but they have not hesi-
tated to say it to me and to other mem-
bers of the committee.
The purpose of this amendment was
not to eliminate 10 percent of the Agri-
culture's personnel abroad or 10 percent
of the personnel of any specific agency.
It is to be an overall cut. So I would not
have antics ated if they uset_mm ta tg-
ment ~rnrUM:s per-
sonnel would be substantially effected.
It may be that we have not studied every
individual spot in Agriculture.
But at any rate, in order to clarify the
situation, and because this is a relatively
small item compared to the ones I have
mentioned, I -would be prepared ta-accept
this.=eIIaitlells I said to the Sen-
ator from Oklahoma, I would not accept
an amendment intended to completely
delete the whole 10-percent reduction,
because I think It is entirely justified by
the record that was made. But on Agri-
culture I would, because I think it is
fundamental, and those people have a di-
rect responsibility quite different, in my
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 17, 1972
' ,.,ravuo hulnb
like to have nontaxing assignments that recent gal in foreign sales of U.S.
abroad. I mean this is not new, and I agriculture products assist in our bal-
would not expect the military to be any ance of payments. During a time when
different than the personnel in any other our balance of payments is in such a
agency. precipitous state, I question the wisdom
But I think Congress should try to of cutting out personnel who have been
control the proliferation of this type of very active in an area contributing
activit
W
k
y.
e
now all the difficulties that
have arisen out of the war; we seem to
feel we have to keep up these over-large
establishments in many countries. There
are some countries that are important,
that obviously ought to be staffed
adequately, but there are a lot of them
that we believe are overstaffed in accord-
ance with legitimate needs. This provi-
sion was just intended to say to the
executive.. branch. "You use your best
judgment in cutting down. But you must
cut it down 10 percent." This could not be
properly interpreted as a direction to
cut down each agency by 10 percent.
Mr. President, I am willing to accept this
amendment, exempting the Department
of Agriculture.
Mr. TFIELD. Mr. President, I am
opposed to e reduction of the overseas
work force of the Department of Agri-
culture as proposed in S. 3526, the De-
partment of State-USIA authorization
bill.
There is no question that some cuts
can be made in the number of U.S. offi-
cials currently serving overseas, but I nn-
poe zl_ki_rig such nt.c arrnsg th_r ward,
-Without an exa.minatinn of the particular
va ii of each depar m nt or agency.
Fev ' areas could offer a clearer exam-
ple of where cuts should not be made
than exists with our foreign agriculture
aides. I speak from personal experience,
both as Governor and as a U.S. Senator.
U.S. agriculture attaches have helped
officials of the State of Oregon in open-
ing doors and creating demand for Ore-
gon agricultural products, particularly
in the Far East. I do not want action
taken that would hinder the further ac-
tivities of these officials.
During my 8 years as Governor of Ore-
gon, I led two trade missions, one to the
Far East and one to Germany, in an ef-
fort to develop new markets for Oregon
products, and to make contacts for other
exchanges of products and material.
Not only were the agriculture attaches
very helpful at the time, but they were
active in followup efforts to create new
markets for agriculture products from
of payments.
Added to the, problems of increasing
competition fro other agriculture-pro-
ducing countrie have been the severe
setbacks caused by the west coast dock
strike. This forc~d Japan and other Pa-
cific basin co tries to turn elsewhere
for commodities they needed. I know
from conversa ions with agriculture
growers and shi pers in Oregon last fall
that both Canda and Australia in-
creased wheat sales to Japan during the
strike. I need not point out that these
countries are no
a platter our she
are going to hav
cuttnig the staf
going to hand back on
-e of those markets. We
to compete for it, and
of the men who will
help makes no snse to me at all.
We must hav an aggressive market-
ing program to recapture this business
lost during the dock strike, and we must
set goals for increasing our agriculture
sales in the futu ?e. I recall a few weeks
ago, when I was
give in support q
foods research al
Ing out that c0sumption of wheat in
the United States had shown a marked
decline in recent years. This has been
accompanied by on increase in per acre
yield of wheat. Elfforts must be made to
increase markets!!. for our wheat crops, as
well as our other! agriculture crops. For-
eign sales are an 1 important facet of any
market increase, and to do this we need
all the help we can get overseas.
At a time when we can look at an all-
time high for a iculture exports-$7.8
billion in the last fiscal year-we should
look for ways to~dd to this, and not cut
back in an ar where such positive
gains can be sholtzl.
Last week, I solicited a letter from the
State department of agriculture in my
State of Oregon. I,' know the talented men
of this State agency have been com-
mitted to improving agriculture sales
overseas for Oregon products, and I was
interested in what they thought of this
planned cutback. !
T shall quote one ..,,.., ....,.,.s, r..._..-
on
.. g
. letter from Mr. 4ay Glatt, administra-
The farmers of my State shipped $25 for of the agri tural development di-
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view, and much more fundamental, than million worth !of wheat last year, and
in a number of these cases I have just most of it went, to Japan, which has be-
read. come U.S. agric ulture's best wheat cus-
I would expect, for example, that we tomer. Wheat nsumption in Japan has
could do without some of these military more than dou led in the last decade or
aid lLnd military attaches, many Whom so. I think it is fair to say that this
are in couptr fes where There is no military dramatic incre e by a traditionally rice-
problem for our country. As I remember, eating nation t ward wheat consumption
even in a country like Costa Rica, where was aided greatly by market develop-
the country itself does not even have ment program spearheaded by USDA
an army, where we have no real business personnel in J pan. The same can be
having them, we still have some military said of soybean feed grains, citris, tal-
aid personnel. low, and other S. farm products. Japan
Of course, those assignments are pleas- is now a billio1-dollar-plus agriculture
ant, with a minimum of duty, a maxi- customer of ours. Similar programs in
mum
f l
i
o
e
sure, and an opportunity to other countries
of military manpower, and they like to petition has b
preparing testimony to
f the wheat and wheat
 May 17, 1972
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Jett to. costly delays in export supply and
deterioration of quality.
This crop, for instance, represents a $65
million farm value in Oregon alone, of which
85% is traditionally sold into export.
We bring this to your attention because
of your concern in export markets both
when you were Governor and now as Sen-
ator.
We appreciate your attention to this Sen-
ate Bill as it is vitally important that over-
seas agricultural personnel be maintained.
Sincerely, -
JAY GLATT,
Administrator, Agricultural Development
Division.
vision. Jay Glatt is a man respected
throughout the West as someone who
has worked actively to promote foreign
agriculture sales.
As a result of this past dock strike it is
now more important than ever that we main-
tain a man-to-man and day-to-day contact
with our major overseas customers. The Ag-
ricultural Attaches and Foreign Agricultural
Service provide that necessary liaison for
overseas agricultural market development.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that Mr. Glatt's letter be reprinted
at the conclusion of these remarks.
This daily contact and followup plays
a vital role in establishing and maintain-
ing our foreign markets, and we must
not cut back personnel in an area that
makes these gains possible.
Naturally, in remarks toda have
be e_.needuta-riestnre e
Agrip Mitre,_I]=artment._per onnel,p hint
I would be re rit I.Were..tn-focus-ex?
c uslvely on the Federal efforts.to-foster
grea er orel n-agriculture-sales. To do
so wou be to overlook the invaluable
efforts of the private businesses, associ-
ations, and cooperatives in the North-
west that have been active-and even
superactive-in promotion of foreign
sales for Oregon and Washington agri-
culture products. In wheat, in grass seed,
in feed grain, and in numerous other
areas, businessmen have established
their own people-to-people contacts, and
generated much business.
While these commendable efforts in
no way detract from the need to restore
the Federal manpower, I do want to
point out that private efforts, coupled
with an active State program, offer a
valuable three-pronged approach to in-
creasing foreign agriculture sales in con-
junction with Federal manpower.
In conclusion, I urge Senators to sup-
port the amendment offered by the dis-
tinguished Senator from Oklahoma (Mr.
BELLMON). The amendment would re-
store the segment of our foreign U.S.
Government personnel that has done
much to help the U.S. farmer in many
ways, and to assist in showing a hefty
surplus to our balance of payments.
There being no, objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
.0 R ENT OF AGRICULTURE,
Salem, Oreg., May 12, 1972.
Hon. MARK O. HATFIELD,
U.S. Senator,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR HATFIELD: It has been called
to our attention that Senate Bill 3526 deal-
ing with 10% reduction in overseas person-
nel of the U.S. Government, except State
Department, is out of committee.
We seek your concern as to the effect this
has on agriculture, particularly at a time
when we are in the process of recovering
from the effects of a nearly disastrous dock
strike.
As a result of this past dock strike it is
now more important than ever that we main-
tain a man-to-man and day-to-day contact
with our major overseas customers. The Agri-
cultural Attache and Foreign Agricultural
Service provide that necessary liaison for
overseas agricultural market development.
Soon we will be into the harvest of a new
crop with the potential, as in wheat, of be-
ing of bumper proportions, which must be
moved in an orderly manner or will be sub-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques-
tion is on agreeing to the amendment.
The amendment was agreed to.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
what is the pending question before the
Senate?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques-
tion recurs on agreeing to the amend-
ment of the Senator from Michigan (Mr.
GRIFFIN).
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I thank the
Chair.
QUORUM CALL
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
on amendments to S. 3526, the unfinished
business, during the afternoon tomor-
tow; and Senators understand that ta-
bling motions are in order at any time
and that a vote on a tabling motion with
respect to any amendment can be had
quickly, tabling motions being nonde-
batable. Senators, I repeat, ought to be
alerted to the possibility of rollcall votes
tomorrow.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. HUGHES. Mr. President, if there
be no further business to come before the
Senate, I move, in accordance with the
previous order, that the Senate stand in
adjournment until 12 noon tomorrow.
The motion was agreed to; and at 5:05
p.m., the Senate adjourned until tomor-
row, Thursday, May 18, 1972, at 12 noon.
NOMINATIONS
Executive nominations received by the
Senate May 17, 1972:
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
George P. Shultz, of Illinois, to be Secre-
tary of the Treasury.
IN THE NAVY
Rear Adm. Robert E. Adamson, Jr., U.S.
Navy, having been designated for commands
and other duties determined by the Presi-
dent to be within the contemplation of title
10, United States Code, section 5231, for ap-
pointment to the grade of vice admiral while
so serving.
Vice. Adm. Frederick H. Schneider, Jr., U.S.
Navy, for appointment to the grade of vice
admiral, when retired, pursuant to the provi-
sions of title 10, United States Code, section
5233.
Vice Adm. Nels C. Johnson, U.S. Navy, for
appointment to the grade of vice admiral,
when retired, pursuant to the provisions of
title 10, United States Code, section 5233.
Vice Adm. Evan P. Aurand, U.S. Navy,
for appointment to the grade of vice admiral,
when retired, pursuant to the provisions of
title 10, United States Code, section 5233.
DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE
Thomas Patrick Nelady, of New York, to be
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten-
tiary of the United States of America to
Uganda.
Robert L. Yost, of California, a Foreign
'Service officer of class 1, to be Ambassador
Extranordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States of America to the Republic of
Burundi.
PROGRAM
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
the program for tomorrow is as follows:
The. Senate will convene at 12 o'clock
noon. After the two leaders or their as-
sistants have been recognized under the
standing order the distinguished Senator
from Tennessee (Mr. BROCK) will be rec-
ognized for not to exceed 15 minutes,
after which there will be a period for
the transaction of routine morning busi-
ness for not to exceed 30 minutes, with
statements limited therein to 3 minutes.
At the conclusion of the period for the
transaction of routine morning business,
the Senate will proceed to the considera-
tion of the conference report on the sup-
plemental appropriation bill, on which
there is a time limitation of not to exceed
1 hour. The unfinished business, S. 3526,
in the meantime will be temporarily laid
aside. Upon the disposition. of the con-
ference report on the supplemental ap-
proriation bill the Senate will return to
the consideration of the unfinished busi-
ness, S. 3526.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is
the understanding of the Chair.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I thank the
Presiding Officer.
I wish to state that there could be a
rollcall vote on the adoption of the con-
ference report tomorrow. I have no in-
dication of such at the moment, but Sen-
ators should be alerted to the possibility
thereof.
Moreover, there could be rollcall votes
CONFIRMATIONS
Executive nominations confirmed by
the Senate May 17, 1972:
U.S. ADVISORY COMMISSION ON INTERNA-
TIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL AF-
FAIRS
The following-named persons to be mem-
bers of the U.S. Advisory Commission on In-
ternational Educational and Cultural Affairs
for terms expiring May 11, 1975:
David R. Derge, of Indiana.
Jewel LaFontant, of Illinois.
William C. Turner, of Arizona.
IN THE DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE
Nominations beginning Richard J. Bloom-
field, to be a Foreign Service officer of class
1, and ending John Stern Wolf, to be a For-
eign Service officer of class 7, which nomina-
tions were received by the Senate and ap-
peared in the Congressional Record on
April 4, 1972.
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Scott amendment No. 1203 sent to:
25 May 1972
Walters Colby Karamessines
Houston Coffey Fisher
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It is all further complicated by the fact 1N without being wholly influenced by their HANSEN), the senator from Oregon (Mr.
, and the senator from Illinois
HATFIELD), there is no doubt some busing pro- economic plights, and at the same time, ecessarily
posal wil be adopted and that proposal colleges would be competing for these (Mr. PERCY) are n absent.
is likely to'laise even more serious con- students, who would be bringing addi- The Senator from South Dakota (Mr.
stitutional and practical problems. tional Federal funds for their particular MUNDT) is absent because of ,illness. .
Nothing will 'be accomplished by de- institution. I believe this will expand the The Senator from Arizona' (Mr. GOLD-
feating the report and a major education educational opportunities for needy stu- WATER) is detained on officials business.
bill will be lost in-the process. I hope, dents and at the same time create pres- If present and voting, the Senator from
therefore, that the conference report is sure on these institutions to continually Hawaii (Mr. Foxc), the Senator from gon adopted. If my vote Is needed, I will upgrade their facilities and their cur- Oreg Il(r. H TF E PERCa and wthe ould Senator
support it. If not, I will vote "no" as a riculae.
protest against the conference modifica- It is significant that the Carnegie vote "yea."
tion of the. Senate busing amendment. Commission on Education has charac- On this vote >the Senator from Wyo-
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, terized this bill as the most important ming (Mr. HANSEN) is paired with the
I wish to express my strong support for piece of legislation to be brought before Senator from Massachusetts (Mr.
the conference report on S. 659, the the Congress since the passage, of the BROOKE). If present and voting, the Sen-
. Higher Education Act of 1972. I believe Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862. We ator from Wyoming would' vote "yea"
this legislation represents one of the must have a modern education system and the Senator from Massachusetts
greatest steps we have taken in the edu- to meet the demands of this society, and would` vote "nay."
cational field and certainly it is legisla- an educational system that will provide The result was announced-yeas 63,
tion which is sorely needed. assistance for those students who are nays 15, as follows:
This conference report represents far meritorious, deserving, and capable of [No. 185 Leg.]
more than individual amendments aimed pursuing a college-level work. I believe YEAS-63
at, improving our existing system. This this bill goes a long way toward meeting Aiken Dole Randolph
measure, if enacted, will establish a new these needs. I commend the chairman Allen Dominick Roth ott e
type of Federal assistance to educational of the Education Subcommittee and the Balker Eagleton SS axb esker
institutions, in that it will provide the other members of the Labor Committee Bayh Ervin Scc
ott
necessary assistance, without allowing for their diligence and perseverance, in Beall Fannin Smith
the Government to interfere with the being able to report and carry through Bennett Fulbright Sparkman
g
institutions' independence of action. the legislative process, to this stage, this Bentsen Gurney s on fford ible The key provision of this bill is a new important legislation. Boggs Hollings Stennis
program of grants for needy college stu- Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask for Brock Hruska Stevens
dents, These grants will provide a maxi- the yeas and nays on the conference re- Burdick Lac gson Symnt Stevenson
mum $1,400 annual subsidy to every port. Byrd,
needy college student, minus the amount The yeas and nays were ordered. Harry F., Jr. Magnuson Taft
Byrd, Robert C. McIntyre Talmadge
his family can reasonably be expected to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The hour cannon Metcalf Thurmond
contribute toward his education. This of 3:30 having arrived, the Senate, un- Chiles Miller Tower
Government contribution to his educa- der the previous Order, will proceed to CCIO' ooper Pastorea Tunney
tion would be reduced gradually, accord- vote on the conference report on S. 659, cotton Pearson Young
ing to his family income level, until it and the clerk will call the roll. Cranston Pell
would disappear at the $13,000 income The legislative clerk called the roll. Curtis Proxmire
level. This bill would continue funding , Mr. MANSFIELD (after having voted NAYS-15
the present student grants, low-interest in the negative). Mr. President, on this Buckley Hughes Muskie
direct loans, and work-study pay pro- vote I have a pair with the distinguished case Inouye Nelson
senior Senator from Mississippi (Mr. G Javits Packwood
pOSa1S. Grravel l avel Kennedy Ribicoff
One of the most innovative features in EASTLAND). If he were present and vot- Hart Mondale Weicker
this bill is a new type of college operating ing, he would vote "yea." If I were at PRESENT AND GIVING A LIVE PAIR, AS
subsidy, also called a "cost of education" liberty to vote, I would vote "nay." PREVIOUSLY RECORDED-1
grant. These funds are distributed to Therefore, I withdraw my vote. Mansfield, against.
educational institutions based on the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce NOT VOTING-21
number of federally assisted students en- that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. Anderson Hansen Mathias
rolled, and additional funds would also ANDERSON), the Senator from Idaho (Mr. Bellmon Harris Maclellan
be allocated to institutions based on the CHURCH), the Senator from Mississippi Brooke Hartke McGee
number of their graduate student enroll- (Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from Okla- Church Hatfield McGovern
ment. homa (Mr. HARRIS), the Senator from Eastland Humphrey Moss
This bill also authorizes: A National Indiana (Mr. HARTKE) , the Senator from Fong Jordan, N.C. Mundt
Goldwater Jordan, Idaho Percy
Institute of Education, which will finance Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), the Sen- So the conferencn report was agreed to.
educational research at all levels of ator from North Carolina (Mr. JORDAN) ,
schooling. the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. Mc- Mr. PELL, Mr. President, I move to
.Immediate aid to those educational CLELLAN), the Senator from Wyoming reconsider the vote by which the con-
institutions which are in the worst finan- (Mr. McGEE), and the Senator from ference report was agreed to.
cial shape by authorizing $40 million to South Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN) are nee- Mr. SCOTT. I move to lay that mo-
be spent over the next 2 years. essarily absent. tion on the table.
Funds to finance reforms in educa- I further announce that the Senator The motion to lay on the table was
tion. from Utah (Mr. Moss) is absent on offi- agreed to.
The establishment of a student loan cial business. Mr. PELL. Mr. President'; at this time
marketing association, designed to ex- I further announce that, if present and I would like to pay particular tribute
pand Government-backed private loans voting, the Senator from North Carolina and to express my personal thanks to
to students by buying up loan paper (Mr. JORDAN), the Senator from South my colleagues who were of such great
from banks an5l' other lending institu- Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), and the Sena- assistance during both the development
tions. tor from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY) of S. 659 and in the conference recently
I believe tl's is one of the most com- would each vote "yea." concluded.
prehensive approaches to educational Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the Initially, I would like to thank the ju-
assistance which has been considered by Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. BELLMON), nior Senator from Colorado (Mr. Dom-
the Congress in the last decade, in that the Senator from Idaho (Mr. JORDAN), INICK) for the excellent and conscienti-
students may now have a choice of and the Senator from Maryland (Mr. ous way he fulfilled his responsibility as
which schools they wish to attend, re- MATHIAS) are absent on official business. ranking minority member of the sub-
gardless of their economic condition. The Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. committee. Moreover, without his help
This legislation will make it possible for BROOKE), the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. there could not have been a conference
them to select a school of their choice FONC), the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. report.
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I should like to pay particular thanks
to Senator RANDOLPH for his valued as-
sistance. The new division of adult and
vocational education can be directly at-
tributed to his efforts. Indeed the as-
sistance found in this bill for small col-
leges Is due to JENNINGS RANDOLPH'S
strong advocacy of their cause.
During the conference Senators STAF-
FORD, ScxwEIxER, and BEALL were of
great help as were Senators WILLIAMS
and CRANSTON.
In closing, Mr. President, I would like
to pay a special tribute to those con-
ferees who fully supported the educa-
tion provisions of S. 659 but who had to
oppose the bill because of moral con-
sideration. Senators JAvrrs and Mox-
DALE were indeed architects of the bill.
Senator JAVITS time and again used his
great skill and knowledge to help create
solutions and resolve problems. Senator
MONDALE made an immense contribu-
tion by the role he played in developing
the remarkably imaginative emergency
school aid program portion of the bill.
Senators KENNEDY and MONDALE to-
gether developed the Indian education
portions of the bill, which is a very real
tribute to the work done by our former
colleague, the late Senator Robert F.
Kennedy.
Finally, these remarks would not be
complete if I did not pay tribute to the
fine, thoughtful, and creative work done
by Steven J. Wexler, the Education Sub-
committee's counsel, and Richard Smith,
the subcommittee's associate counsel.
Roy Millenson, the minority staff di-
rector, likewise contributed to the
development of this remarkable bill.
And it fell to Blair Crownover of the
Legislative Council's office to put to-
gether and make coherent sense out
the previous o~ r ffer,-hie Chair now lays
before the Senate the unfinished busi-
ness, which the clerk will report.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
A bill (S. 8526) to provide authorizations
for certain agencies conducting the foreign
relations of the United States, and for other
purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant
to the previous order, the Senate will
proceed to the consideration of-amend-
The assistant legislative clerk read as
follows:
On page 30, line 19, strike all through
"(b)" on line 6, page 31, and insert:
"STATE DEPARTMENT CEILING
"SEC. 604.".
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under
the unanimous-consent agreement, there
is a limita mi of one hour on the amend-
ment, the?time to be equally divided be-
tween and controlled by the Senator
from Pennsylvania (Mr. SCOTT) and the
Senator from Arkansas (Mr. FULBRIGHT).
Who yields time?
Mr. SCOTT. I yield myself 10 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator is recognized for 10 minutes.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr, Presi-
dent, will the distinguished Senator from
Pennsylvania yield for a question?
Mr. SCOTT. I yiel4
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Is it the in-
tention of the distinguished minority
leader to have a roilcall vote on the pend-
ing amendment?
Mr. SCOTT. Yes, it is; and I now ask
for the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi-
dent, will the distinguished minority
leader yield again?
Mr. SCOTT..I yield.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi-
dent, I ask unanimous consent that it
be in order to order at this time the yeas
and nays on the following amendments,
with one show of hands, with the under-
standing that no Senator's right to mod-
ify his own amendment is prejudiced by
virtue of the action taken on the amend-
ment by ordering the yeas and nays.
These are amendments on which we al-
ready have agreed to time limitations.
The amendments are as follows: amend-
ment No. 1201 by Mr. BAKER, amend-
ment No. 1176, by Mr. DOMINlCx, amend-
ment No. 1174. by Mr. BROOKE, amend-
ment No, 1196 by Mr. HARRY F. BYRD,
and the amendment by Mr. PERCY, the
number of which I do not have.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? The Chair hears none, and
it is so ordered.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi-
dent, I ask for the yeas and nays on
each of the amendments.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
Mr. SCOTT. This does not include the
so-called Church-Case amendment?
rather shortly, if not too much is said
by other speakers.
Section 504, subsection (a), requires
a 10 percent reduction in the number of
Federal civilian employees in foreign
countries. Specifically excluded from this
cutback are State Department employees,
Peace Corps volunteers and leaders, and
other Federal employees who are as-
signed to the Department of State on a
reimbursable basis. In addition, the Sen-
ate acted last week to extend this ex-
emption to employees of the Department
of Agriculture. Section 504 also requires
a 10 percent cutback in members of the
Armed Forces detailed as military at-
taches or to military assistance advisory
groups or military aid missions. The cut-
back will apply against overseas strength
as of July 1, 1972, and must be realized
by the end of the fiscal year on June 30,
1973.
The total number of personnel under
the jurisdiction of diplomatic mission
chiefs amount to 26,000. After excluding
employees to which the cutback does
not apply, some 11,800 personnel are
subject to the cut. A cutback against a
base of 11,800 personnel means that al-
most 1,200 positions must be cut before
June 30, 1973.
I am not ag
t cutbacks for pro-
g h
3muclu ov
rseas Federal employ-
ment have alread
y been effected-about
20 percent since
1967. Perhaps there is
more fat to cut.
oint is simply that
some of the
''3s
'
across-
nt 111fl-
Was
t jpri5:
t
And n t
'Elite - j
l
iderthevalueth
e Uff
utea Aa R
-e r ams and
'SGit]i1E
ao4 me of
e ra S.
secure r a
ec ivelyy oper-
laze 11 a e
e
very aine reason
n 1f1ie -
o he me
a tLe e-
a ons ommi
w o Atai e
r#m
onna~ f, 1 tr the
er
' 1 . A
t
ace an over j, ing
r e
n
e
po'
I
pe
h
Iiope 1~~Ti~!!1
. nave made it clear
why I cannot supp
ort section 504 as writ-
ten and why I ha
ve proposed an amend-
ment which woul
d strike section 504(a).
Summarizing, t
hen, the Committee on
Armed Services,
r example, has a very
great interest in
these military missions
and in the milita
ry personnel involved.
The Committee
on Appropriations, of
course, has an in
terest in this matter.
Yet, the Depar
ent of Agriculture has
received an exem
ption; the Committee
on Foreign Relat
ions has added an ex-
emption to a num
ber of personnel under
its jurisdiction, b
lit has not yet applied
the same exempti
n elsewhere.
o
that we ar
e proceeding AW~Qut
e
me. .Ve, re p
roceeding without re-
-the
asffiu
In
h an oppor-
uni y act or
consider s r.
my amendment
will be adopted. Ta
le effect of the amend-
ment will be to pr
event the loss of 1,200
employees, many,
of whom are in vital
positions and in'
positions of extreme
importance to the
security of the United
States
Mr. President, I
reserve the remainder
of my time.
The PRESIDI
NG OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. FULBRIG
HT. Mr. President, I
yield myself 5 min
kites.
The other day
in dealing with the
amendment by th4
distinguished Senator
from Oklahoma
(Mr. BELLMON), I
covered much of t
he basic material and
information on th
is subject. I hesitate to
take the time of t
he Senators to repeat
it, but I will just C
over the highlights.
This is a probl
em, of long standing,
going back particu
larly to the height of
the cold war a feW
years ago. According
to the most recent
information available
to the committee,
there are some 26,000
personnel oversea
s under the jurisdic-
tion of diplomatic
mission chiefs. Of this
total, State Depa
rtment personnel en-
gaged in regula
r department-related
activities number `
P,409, or about 13 per-
cent I
If to this total a
re added those carried
on the Departmen
t rolls as reimbursable
personnel, those w
ith duties on behalf of
other agencies-t
hat is, the USIA and
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S 8405
others-the Stateepartm'ent total in- bring back our personnel. This is a very blame the MAAG people or the military.
creases to 5,80rl t even witli these ad-
ditional amounts,- this total represents
only 22 percent of the overall total.
What we are talking about here is pri-
marily to bring about a modest reduction
in the number of other personnel such as
of AID, which has 5,047, and of the De-
fense Department which has 4,650, ex-
cluding members of the Armed Forces of
course. Then there are others-USIA,
and other agencies-
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. Senator, will the
Senator from Arkansas yield?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield.
Mr. PASTORE. Does this cut apply to
nationals employed by agencies in those
foreign countries?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. It does not.
Mr. PASTORE. Does not the Senator
think it should?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I cannot get even
this much through-at least I do not
know whether I can get this through-
but the Senator can see that opposition
to any cut anywhere is quite evident.
These MAAG missions have nice posi-
tions-very suitable for those wanting an
assignment having few duties. For in-
stance, in Costa Rica there is a MAAG
mission, even though Costa Rica does not
even have an army. But it is a nice cli-
mate there for the officers to enjoy. We
can find that all over the world. That is
all in the world it is. There is no excuse
at any time to have them there.
Mr. PASTORE. I agree with the Sen-
ator and would like to support his posi-
tion, and I shall; but what disturbs me
in some of these countries is that an
American cannot be hired because we
have to hire a national instead. The Point
I make is that in the military installa-
tions where the wives of Americans really
want employment and need it, they can-
not be hired because we have agreements
with foreign countries that they have to
be nationals who are hired. I am only
hoping, and ask whether this cut would
apply to nationals being hired.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. This does not cover
army installations.
Mr. PASTORE. I just gave that as an
example.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. That is an example.
I have been told that we have an agree-
ment with the Germans to hire only na-
tionals. I do not think that applies to it.
However, I am not really informed on
that point. I do not think it is, though.
But the story I have heard is exactly as
the Senator has stated. I think, in Ger-
many, they do have an agreement with
the German Government not to allow
wives of American soldiers to be em-
ployed. But I do not believe that that is
the case with the Embassy itself.
Mr. PASTORE. The embassies do hire
nationals?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. They do, but not
really to the extent that the military
does.
Mr. PASTORE. I would hope the Sen-
ator, at some other point, would give
some thought to that.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. The Senator sees
how difficult it is for the committee to
recommend any kind of cut at any level.
The main situation here is that we
have tried to reduce employment and
our presence abroad. We should try to
modest cut in numbers. As I have al- These are nice posts. The social cond-
ready told the Senator, the State Depart- tions are ideal. They have: a minimum
ment itself has only 13 percent of the of duties to perform. There are good,
overall total. The others are in agencies golf courses there and tennis courts.
such as Agriculture, Commerce, HEW, Especially in Latin Ameriqa, it is very
NASA, Export-Import Bank, USIA, and pleasant. It is exactly like the fight we
so forth. had about the Spanish bases. They
Mr. President, I do not want to labor would not give up the bases for any-
the point. I put these figures in the thing. They have absolutely no use,
RECORD the other day. This is a very probably because they are obsolete, but
modest effort to try to save a little they want to keep the bases. I do not
money and, to be frank about it, to blame the military who want to keep
reduce the numbers. We believe it in no them. But the facts are that here, 95
way will involve the services. percent of the military aid goes to 10
I have had ambassadors tell me that countries, and only 5 percent to 36. Yet
they would be better off if they did not we have substantial personnel still
have so many people. I especially re- abroad.
member our former Ambassador to Rome Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, before
saying that to me. I am reluctant to yielding time to the Senator from Mis-
quote him, but I do not think he will sissippi, I should like to point out again
mind. Ambassador Reinhardt said to me, that what the Senator is really saying
"We have so many people here I would is that he does not think much of the
feel better if we had a reduction." programs. I believe that the Armed Serv-
There may have been some excuse for ices Committee should have something
these large missions back in the 1950's, to say about that. I also believe that
but surely, if the President-and I hope other Senators should have something
he is as successful as he seems to be-is to say about it, rather than to have the
making progress for reducing tensions in Foreign Relations Committee simply ar-
the cold war and trying to establish bitrarily say, "We do not like the pro-
better relations-this reduction is con- grams. We do not think they amount to
sistent with that. much," without providing any proof or
Mr. President, I do not believe I need any evidence. They say, "we just do not
to say much more about it. The issue is like the whole thing."
,clear. It is a simple effort to try to save He implies they are soft, cushy jobs.
a little money by reducing nondiplomatic Many of these jobs involve people in
members of diplomatic missions in these frontline activity. Many are undertaken
countries. It does not affect the military in extremely unpleasant conditions. They
soldiers, and so forth, but only the MAAG are not soft, cushy jobs at all. They are
missions in many countries, which have jobs which are representative of the ad-
no duties of any consequence. herence to duty and to country and to
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield my- devotion to our obligations, which do not
self one additional minute simply to deserve the epithets applied to them. .
point out that if the argument of the dis- Now I yield 8 minutes to the distin-
tinguished chairman of the committee guished Senator from Mississippi (Mr.
were to apply here, it indicates there is STENNIS).
no need to have these MAAG missions Mr. President, I yield 1 minute to the
and no advisory groups in a lot of places distinguished Senator from Vermont
all over the world. He cites one, Costa (Mr. AIKEN).
Rica. I suppose that is intended as a sort The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
of reductio ad absurdum which indicates ator from Vermont is recognized for 1
that every country is about the size of minute.
Costa Rica, which is far from the fact. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I presume
The Senator's argument would better that the amendment offered by the chair-
apply if he were to try to do what i sus- man of the Foreign Relations Committee
pect he would like to do, and that is to could be complied with without causing
abolish all these programs. It seems. to serious damage to any of our Govern-
me that he is trying to abolish them ment agencies. However, I do not know.
Piecemeal-to, take a little bit of the In this instance we are called on to vote
meat-ax here and another there. Ten for many things that we simply do not
percent is an arbitrary figure. I do not know about. And I do not believe that we
know in whose mind it was fostered, but can vote intelligently on new provisions
it is not the figure based on any special' in this legislation.
research. It is one of the figures we take I would call attention to title VI of this
out of the air. It has no special basis bill which establishes a study commis-
except that the Senator does not happen sion relating to foreign policy. If we make
to agree with the programs. these decisions for ourselves, assuming
Now, Mr. President, I yield 8? minutes that such commission is authorized and
to the distinguished Senator from is a replica of the earlier hoover com-
Mississippi- mission, we make the decisions in ad-
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will ? vance. And I do not see why we would
the Senator from Pennsylvania yield? need the commission. However, if we
Mr. SCOTT. I yield. need the commission, I think we should
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I might point out, wait until we get the report and the rec-
inasmuch as the Senator makes a point ommendation of that commission before
about military aid, that 95 percent of taking steps to do things which perhaps
our military assistance goes to 10 coon- we are not qualified to do without the
tries. We have MAAG missions in 46 report and the recommendations of that
countries, At least 36 countries are very commission.
marginal; yet we have a substantial I do not say that the proposal of the
number of MAAG missions. I do not Senator from Arkansas (Mr. FULBRIGHT),
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 S 8406
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could not be complied with. I presume
that it could. However, I do not know.
And for that reason I would rather wait
until we get more accurate Information
on just what the effect would be before
reporting that part of the bill.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum at this time and
ask unanimous consent that the time be
deducted equally from both sides.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request of the Senator
from Pennsylvania? The Chair hears
none, and it is so ordered. The clerk will
call the roll. -
The second assistant legislative clerk
proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it Is so ordered.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield 8
minutes to the distinguished chairman of
the Armed Services Committee, the Sen-
ator from Mississippi (Mr. STENNIS).
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
JLQ1jL Mississippi is recognized for
ator
n ^~
Mr. President, just to
the bill would strike 10 percent of all
Americans who are employed in foreign
countries, we will say, by the Armed
Services or the Department of Defense or
amen en was omg o__bc e
o-.. erw woU1ifiave
uiiis a
"e
Mr. e i e t
number at all that are involved. That is
special, anyway.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I would say that in
general those that are connected with an
Embassy and not on its payroll are a very
small-mumber, I would think.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I say
this on my responsibility I do not believe
i=
as a whole-and I mentioned this to some
of the staff members the other day-I
think we will have to ask Congress to
give us jurisdiction to set the salaries
and the total number of employees here
at home as well as abroad. We make a
yearly judgment of some kinds as to the
number they can employ. Bdt that shows
my attitude and willingness to work on
it. That would take some time. However,
to just come here now in this way is a
serious matter. Why not make it 10 per-
cent now or next year some time; or that
this must be done regardless of conse-
quences. I have no doubt that we would
have to come back if this proposal should
become law, and take care of many situ-
ations at the very best.
In keeping with all of our rules of the
Senate and our customs, what kind of
system is it to .come in here on an ex-
traneous matter and just reduce by 10-
percent employees of this type all over
the world? It is not within reason, prac-
tice, custom, or within the rules of the
Senate.
This is a jumped-up affair with 30
minutes to a side, to argue a matter on
hich no hearings have been held. There
is no record to refer to: there are no es-
timates from anyone. There is no staff
work that has gone into the heart of this
matter. These matters are very difficult
to get into.
Tomorrow morning first thing on the
agenda is an effort to get something be-
fore our committee to further reduce the
ceiling on our men in the military serv-
ice. I especially have been working on
that myself for the second year. We
made those reductions last year, not due
just to the Vietnamese drawdown. We
made some; they complied, and we are
making some more. I will recommend
that, first thing in the morning.
But just to come in here now and say
"10 percent period" on these civilians
overseas is unfair and contrary to the
way in which we have always considered
matters here.
2r. Presi : ~?' . ? f?? ? i~~d
r cs W177 reference to the CIA. 1 i
no sa in to same reduction cca t
examina ons ave not a in-
make ion a recommendation.
The way TIME ma ers are handled now,
we have not made recommendations in
i4 h er
m a wi us as much reason
one could say 15 percent or 5 percent.,
as far as the basis for the considera-
tion. I would like to ask the Senator
from ArKRTrsaT- -
a!r ap lea w Me CIA, or all e rest of
, 1972
10 th' iercent? What as the logic ohm
---Mr. FULBRIGIT. The Senator is
quite wrong in saying it is 10 percent for
each of them. It as an overall cut. For
the Senator's information, I have al-
ready stated the Major agency involved
is AID with 5,1047,L are people ad-
ministering the Aff program, which I
know the Senator; is now very fond of;
he did not used td be such an avid sup-
porter of foreign aid, but he is now. That
is the No. 1 agency
Mr. STENNIS. I the Senator will par-
don me, the Senator is using my time. I
would like to finish my statement:.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I will yield to the
Senator on my time if he will permit me
to comment on whit he said about hear-
ings.
Mr. STENNIS. On the Senators time.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Yes: on my time.
The PRESIDIN + OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Arkansas is recognized.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. We had extensive
hearings on the tluestion of personnel
in our foreign establishment. I beg to
differ with the Senator that this is not
under the Department of State or the
Committee on Foreign Relations. The
Senator's committee does not have ju-
risdiction over aid.-military aid--except
in Vietnam and Laos. The major part of
it is not under th Senator's committee.
It is the responsibility of the Committee
on Foreign Relations to deal with aid,
both military and economic. The No. 1
agency, of course, that would be affected
by this is the foreign aid program.
Mr. STENNIS. It the Senator will yield,
I was not making a point about the for-
eign aid program.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. The Senator said
there was no jurisdiction here. We are
not affecting militar_y_,peopl in thp
D1 tatoe an not a par men o _ De-
there are minimuiri military porgrams;
95 percent of all military aid goes to 10
countries, yet you have these MAAG's in
46 countries. Look% at a country like Iran
with 247 military ]attaches, because it is
a very nice place to be. We have no mili-
tary activities there ourselves. It is a
relatively peaceful, and quiet place. There
is no excuse for that kind of overstaffing.
Mr. STENNIS. Did the Senator make
an estimate of how many would be re-
duced in Iran?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. It is not by cate-
gory. It was a very] modest 10-percent re-
duction and the administration does not
have to take any out of Iran if it does
not want to. It c4i take that entire cut
out of AID if the! administration, wants
to.
Mr. STENNIS. Hoes the Senator have
any hearings, any record, or estimate as
to how many should be reduced in Paris,
London, Frankfurt, or any other place?
Are there any facts the Senator can stand
on except this gengralization?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. We do not here say
that there has tobe a reduction of 224
from Iran. We fell the President should
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have some discretion. A great many of
these places are overstaffed with Ameri-
cans at great expense to the American
taxpayer and they are rendering no es-
sential services. The AID program is the
largest one and second are the military
attaches at embassies around the world
where there is nothing critical going on.
Take places like the Philippines, Tai-
wan, and in Paraguay. I imagine 10 mili-
tary people there. It is a nice country
that has not been to war in I do not know
how mady decades. It is isolated in South
America. I do not know what you have
so many military people there for. I
would say 10 percent would be minimal
there, It probably should be much high-
er, but this discretion is left in the hands
of the administration. If I were to put
it the other way the Senator would say
that I am tying the hands of the admin-
istration. We say it is an overall cut and
it does not have to come from any one
country or agency.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield with respect to Paraguay
for a brief observation?
Paraguay had one of the worst wars in
the history of the century, and it may be
the reason they have not had one for
several decades is the presence of Amer-
ican advisers.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Is it the Senator's
view, that we should pay for keeping
peace in Paraguay; that we are keeping
this mission up to maintain peace in
Paraguay?. That never has, been put up
before. I thought it was supposed to be
in the interest of the United States.
Mr. SCOTT. I do not mind the Senator
oversimplifying himself, but I would not
Want him to oversimplify my position.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield my
remaining - time to the Senator from
Mississippi.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Mississippi is recognized.
Mr. STENNIS.MyPLeSid nt. T s ubmiit
again to themembers , i`p-and may I
No hearings went into AE-is-m-affer. No
estimate was m e as to y now many it
should be reduced. Therefore, I say the 10
percent is an arbitrary figure.'
h m n Mole employed e
CI - Sus
needs to be reduced, if it does, manage-
ment being human like anyone else, it
needs to be done after the facts are
I do not believe the Senate really wants
to act without some of the: facts before
they really accept the story that is in-
volved in this amendment. I have al-
ready said I am willing to do anything
I can, on a scale much broader than
this, that will bring about an annual
accounting and responsibility for civilian
employees employed by the military,
whether they are abroad or here at home,
and I would be willing to have the right
are not min just as
somewhat i g y.
Ts uC er awhat I call arbitra -
i n
gency, not based upon fact, but based
There is no even an estimate here that
10 perce t could hP en?. frnm io r.
o submit this matter on the facts
to those who are here, and on the un-
proven facts of those whoare sponsor-
known, not before they are known. o ing this reduction.; hope the Senate will
i ? --
y the CIA sshouict be taKen o o not r. FULBRIGHT. Mr.. President, I
believe anyone can say i t . it just shows' yield myself 2 minutes.
what we are going into. With regard to the evidence, of course
On these MAAG programs, if there is Senators have not had time, nor really
one employee there who is not needed, any reason, to read the hearings, but the
that is one too many in my book, and I
do not want that employee paid. I am
not trying to protect any of them, but I
warn you now that this is a very serious
matter. I know that to carry out this
prolision would seriously impair some
of the most delicate and important work
going on in the Department I am talking
about, and I know of other matters it
would impair within the military. That
is about all I can say under the law.
hearings are 834 pages long. Much of it
is taken up with this matter. There are
pages giving country-by-country em-
ployment, with numbers, and so forth.
I ask unanimous consent, that pages 8
and 9 of the report be reproduced in the
RECORD for the information of the Sen-
ate.
There being no objection, the tabula-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
NUMBER OF CIVILIAN AGENCY I PERSONNEL OVERSEAS UNDER JURISDICTION OF DIPLOMATIC MISSION CHIEFS, DEC. 31, 1971 (ACTUAL EMPLOYMENT)
State AID
Total, all agencies Total Direct Reimbursable Direct hire including PASA Contract
United United United United United United
States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign
Africa -------------------------- 5, 141
3,523
867
1,495 490 675
377 820
545
656
391
168
Near East, South Asia----------- 2, 747
5,707
934
2,226 431 707
503 1,519
398
1,296
173
448
East Asia, Pacific________________ 6,007
10,963
1,181
2,099 604 853
577 1,216
2,086
3,486
412
2
476
Latin American Republics -------- 5,16$
75
Europe
2
5,097
4
906
1,136
1
691
1,808 670 879
2
864 1
214 1
722
466 929
477 1
142
692
2
1,.193
338
,
632
,
..----- ------------- ---
,
,
,
,
,
,
1
1
---------------- -
6,632
1,314 3,74
Peace Corps
Agriculture
USIA
Staffs
Contract
Contract
States
Foreign
States Foreign teers
states Foreign
States
Foreign
United
States
Foreign
Africa --------------------------------------
152
613
100 86 2, 2,946
21 137
13
7
2 -----
--- -
Near East, South Asia________________________
199
1,433
72 41 913
8 192
15
31
1
15
East Asia, Pacific____________________________
277
1,582
50 65 1, 747
25 127
26
27
----
-
-
49
Latin American Republics____________________
220
672
89 117 2, 373
22 89
59
211
-
---
--
5
5
Europe -------------------------------------
221
909
------------------------ 6 -----
----- ---------
72
76
15
48
Total -----------------------------
1,069
5,209
311 309
352
23
117
United
United
United
United
States Foreign
States Foreign
States
Foreign
States
Foreign
Africa ---------------------------------------------
5
6
------------
I ----
-------
2
------------
85
351
Near East, South Asia________________________
-
9
3
10
25
2
East Asia, Pacific________________
6
22
1 ---------
2
1
46
11
-----------
1
________:___
1
659
Latin American Republics ------ _.-
19
16
2
1
_________________________
29
60
3
36
1
8
52
135
18
13.
1
3
1
529
Total --------- .-----------
76
291
33
19
1
488
1,856
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NUMBER of CIVILIAN AGENCY 1 PERSONNEL OVERSEAS UNDER JURISDICTION OF DIPLOMATIC MISSION CHIEFS, DEC. 31, 1971 (ACTUAL EMPLOYMENT)-Continued
CG United United
military States Foreign States Foreign
1,128 $22,446
84 1, 444
2 1, 720
37 990
469 8, 453
284 3,632
263 5,508
Africa------------------------------------------------ 2---------------------------------- 2
Near East, South Asia------------------------------------ 3 1 3 1 _ ---
EastAsia, Pacific--------------------------- 25 40 7 31 26 II
Latin American RRepublics.____ _ -- --'---- ____- 10 10 21 ------------ 2
Europe___________ __________ __________ _ 3 71 10 93 10 47
Total --------------------------------
28 126 28 148 37 62
Mr. FULBRIGHT. There are two pages
giving the number of civilian agency
personnel overseas under jurisdiction of
diplomatic mission chiefs as of Decem-
ber 31, 1971, and the actual employment
agency-by-agency.
The Senator says there is no evidence;
that there is nothing on it at all. This is
about as complete as one can get.
I also ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the REcoRU a table of those
employees in embassies who are reim-
bursable by agencies, which are not af-
fected by the provisions of this bill. I ask
that it be inserted in the RECORD simply
to show the detail with which this matter
has been studied.
There being no objection, the tabu-
lation was ordered to be printed in
the RECORD, as follows:
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
REIMBURSEMENTS TO THE SALARIES AND
EXPENSES APPROPRIATION
The salaries and Expenses Appropriation
is reimbursed each year for a variety of serv-
ices provided to other U.S. Government de-
partments and agencies overseas and In
Washington- The principal service is the pro-
vision of administrative support for U.S.
GSA/HUD Int./Labor NSF/Smith. TVANA
United United
States Foreign States Foreign
10
45
- -------14 -------------`
4
25
277
2
292
-- ------
4
349
21
4
30
277
Government programs at Foreign Service
posts. Departmen al staffs and facilities are
available to meet (such common administra-
tive requirements' as personnel services, ac-
counting and fl al services, motor pool.
maintenance of office and residential space,
pouch and communications facilities, and se-
curity services. Costs of these services are
shared by all participating agencies in ac-
cordance with the degree of participation at
each foreign service post. The procedures and
methods for determining total costs and the
amount to be reimbursed by each agency
were developed jointly with the major par-
ticipating agencies and is accepted by all
agencies as the basis for reimbursement.
Agency for International Development---------- 678
Agriculture ---------------------------------- 29
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency --------- 58
Commerce___________________________________ 23
Defense Intelligence Agency ------------------- 29
Military assistance advisory groups_____________ 71
Other military departments__________________ 68
Other State appropriations:
the prn teinn in the hilt
L, imhiirsshlo_
bass wed will not be a ected.
bo Tnis provision does not cut out
everybody. As I have said, there is flexi-
bility left in the administration to apply
the cut where they think it will be most
appropriate. I think that is the best way
it could be approached by the committee.
The simple question is whether or not
we wish to maintain this overblown es-
tablishment which has grown up in a
period of. warfare and crisis and time
when we were not so stringently involved
in deficits both domestic and interna-
tional. So it is a very simple proposition.
I submit it is in the interest of the coun-
try to attempt this modest reduction
more in accordance with our capacity
and more in accordance with the needs
of the foreign countries in which we have
these establishments.
Mr. SCOTT and Mr. STENNIS ad-
dressed the Chair.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Pennsylvania has 3 minutes.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield my
remaining 3 minutes to the Senator from
Mississippi.
Other State appropriations-Continued
Acquisition and construction of foreign
buildings -----.-.
Mutual Education and Cultural Exchange Act_
Peace Corps__________________
Section 637b, Foreign Assistance Act___________
U.S. Information Agency____________________
Miscellaneous agencies-..----------------- __
Total------ ------- ----------------
United
States Foreign
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Chair.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Mississippi.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, this re-
duction expressly exempts the Depart-
ment of State, and then there is a pro-
viso in another section that relates to
and mentions the Department of State,
but my information is that it does not
make much difference to the Department
of State, according to the way this pro-
vision is written. We just do not know.
It is another illustration of just how un-
certain this provision is.
iin hark to .hp CTA fnr a m;,,,,f. T
numbers. it is a
ena ors to listen to this. Tl-es aAre facts.
mentioned awhile weo ?ha. ur have
m ers. but I rif _
taRvicipe -
esI m an
now.
ad .nev can say that 9 ost of t em have
bey
r. YOUNG. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
the - n assigned addi-
lona nro ems art nrne>e oon eve . 'f o~ur o~y~
Amer" as
Locals
Amounts
45
905
$7.005
52
1
1,080
84
239
3,460
1 116
48
3.967
402
1,314
20,281
I'll,
11011
61,428
3,546
5,831
e
yield k uch time as I have.
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197'2 CONG~RI /~ C R~~
2
f
M
ay
.
,
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield ptinng Tam C .wing a are trifling 11; the
back the remainder of my time, if that dark here with our national senurity.
is satisfactory to the Senator from Ar- i no o jection, the letter
kansas. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, just as follows:
1 minute for a comment here. I do no CENTRAL INTEI.LIGENCE AGENCY,
wish to leave the record as if I did not Washington, D.C., May 1R, 1972.
STENNIS,
IIOn JOHN C
.
know better than that this would not Chairman, Committee on Armed Services, U.S.
affect the CIA operations in Laos or else- Senate, Washington, D.C.
where. They do not run those big opera- MY DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am writing to
tions under the embassies. This affQC S tell you of my very serious concern over cer-
-
a se com e e y ou s el, you m g
say, the um sy. al
. nr as-
J S3i
the em gassy are
not a ec e Y
ere are ericans in miscel-
laneous agencies, a number of which
I am quite sure are not affected what-
ever. not affect the National
4er ,ri v 44ency.. ese are no ntel-
c
liigence gencles.
n i. TaTIT Eo do is set the record
straight, that I am not agreeing, by my
silence, with these statements of the
Senator from Mississippi that we do not
know anything about it, that we had no
hearings, and that there is no basis
whatever for this provision. This matter
has been discussed for several years, and
we have had many pages of record. Our
hearings run to 800 pages, and much of
that is concerned with overstaffing of
ent reduction, by 30 June 1973, in the totai
umber of Executive Branch personnel (oth-
er than those of the State Department, cer-
tain military categories, and the Peace Corps)
serving overseas.
After reviewing the implications of this
provision, I have concluded that it would
seriously impair the effectiveness of this
Agency in carrying out certain programs hav-
ing a vital bearing on the national security.
As you are aware, this Agency has in recent
years undergone significant reductions in
both money and manpower. In fact, since
1967 there has been a reduction of some 20
percent in Agency overseas positions affected
by this provision, with no reduction in our
increasing responsibilities and commitments,
many of which are in support of other Fed-
eral agencies.
In these circumstances, and in view of
the present world situation bearing on U.S.
national security, I urgently request your
assistance in securing for this Agency an
exemption from Section 504(a) of S. 3526.
Respectfully,
S9409
Mr. FULBRIGHT. If the Senator from
r. SCOTT. No. I do not think thaLis
Mr. Iitl:ltlu%Rj~rMr. President, section
504 of S. 3526 requires a 10-percent re-
duction in the numbet of Federal civilian
employees in foreign countries. Specifi-
cally excluded from this cutback are
State Department employees. Peace
Corps volunteers and leaders, and other
Federal employees who are assigned to
the Department of State on a reimbursa-
ble basis, The cutback will apply against
overseas strength as of July 1, 1972, and
must be attained by June 30, 1973.
The figures provided in the committee
report-page 98-indicate that the total
number of personnel under the jurisdic-
tion of diplomatic mission chiefs amount
to 26,000. With the exclusion of State
employees, reimbursables carried on
State's roles, and volunteers from the
Peace Corps, to which the cutback does
not apply, some 11,800 personnel are sub-
ject to the cut. This means that approxi-
mately 1,200 positions will have to be cut
before June 30, 1973.
The personnel subject to the cut would
come from a number of executive agen-
cies and departments such as Justice,
Agriculture, Commerce, HEW, the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Agency,
the Export-Import Bank and others. I
am not personally familiar with many of
the agencies. C.Wr. ' TL.BRIIGG . President. ll t
This is the responsibility of the Com- me say once moles thei r nn ~e
mittee on Foreign Relations. do not fTie President to r?+ one c,nnle man n?t
_~IITT~T~ __
....t_......, 1.. the .,rnr1A
The
s u in n .IiB.3s au-
s S is aan was not fit 's
ot. ur resin
a coo
am n aware o . e1 her tiny
come to e Senate noo17.
t7le MCI, e Senator has not
dealt with it does not mean that the
committee hasnot dealt with it in depth
and I think the evidence is here. I want-
ed to put the record straight on that
matter. I have cited a few of these fig-
ures. I could cite a number of them, but
I think anyone would admit that we have
too many people in some of these MAG
missions. However, the main matter, I
would assume, which is left to the ad-
ministration, would be the AID missions.
I yield to the Senator from Mississippi.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator
very much.
r President I unanimous consent
to a printed in the 'CORD a er
Dm~ irec or ems me aaTeMMy
fx 7nwhic esar
man or woman be taken out of the mili-
tary attaches offices.
I only cite these as examples which
the President has the flexibility and the
discretion to apply the cut to. I assume
the larger share of the cut would be
in the AID missions, because that pro-
gram has been cut back, not as dras-
tically as it ought to be, but it has been
but I do know that the Department of
Justice has slightly over 300 officials
overseas connected with law enforce-
ment, including drug control activities,
and with the Department's Immigration
and Naturalization Service. I would seri-
ously question the merit of taking cuts
in these activities.
Rather than the indiscriminate reduc-
tion that would be mandated by section
504, I think the more proper and orderly
approach would be for the committees
having substantive jurisdiction over the
various overseas programs to examine
their programs for excess fat and make
cutbacks where indicated.
Accordingly, I strongly support Sen-
ator SCOTT'S amendment which will
strike the indiscriminate cut contained
in section 504.
I have two additional problems with
RECORD to indicate that un? erstood t fact that overseas personnel of the De-
ao w thene!et nrTrnm ls- partment of Agriculture would be in-
l
d
rue -
STENNIS. Would the Senator ex- of a segment of the economy that con-
t tributes almost one-fifth of the country's
4 r. FULBRIGHT. Surely if the con- total exports, and consistently makes a
ator thinks that ic1o.
we have prepared of trade and the balance of payments.
Well
STENNIS
Mr
,
.
.
an amendment here that would do that, Agricultural exports last fiscal year
and I ask the Senator to support it. totaled $7.8 billion, going to more than
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I accept it, and I 150 countries. In this situation, the total
ask unanimous consent to-well, I can- American personnel ceiling for USDA
not do that, because it is the Senator's 'overseas is 203 persons, 43 of these peo-
amendment. I would not mind doing it. ple are officers protecting the American
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I do not consumers from import into the United
provision, I have concluded that it would
seriously impair the effectiveness of this
Agency in carrying out certain programs
having a vital bearing on the national secu-
rity.
t ens nythinff. n and it
ma.nc somel lmean a eve
every one or us familiar witfi' esi a oiler- have any time.
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U.S. standards for purity and whole-
someness. They protect U.S. agriculture
and food economy from the introduction
of diseases and pests that do not exist
in this country and would cause untold
damage to our plants and animals should
they gain a foothold here. If you cut this
area you take your chances on African
Swine Fever and dirty food.
There are 138 people engaged in mar-
ket development, negotiations to lower
and remove trade barriers, reporting on
market opportunities and competitive
situations throughout the world. These
people spearhead export expansion pro-
grams that have helped to increase U.S.
farm exports to record levels of $7.8
billion.
That brings me to the second difficulty
with this bill. Is the authorization for
the State Department and the USIA the
place for this body to reduce the number
of employees of the Department of Agri-
culture or the Department of Justice?
If it is, indeed, necessary to decide
whether to eliminate some positions in
agricultural market development and in
U.S. consumer import protection, then it
seems to me it should be done in the
context of agriculture and consumer af-
fairs rather than foreign affairs. The
same holds true for all other Federal
agencies and programs not specifically
included within the scope of S. 3526.
I hope this amendment will be ap-
proved.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield back
the remainder of the time which I do
not have.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the
Senator from Arkansas yield back the
remainder of his time?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. STAF-
FORD). All remaining time having been
yielded back, the question is on agree-
ing to the amendment of the Senator
from Pennsylvania (Mr. SCOTT). On this
question, the yeas and nays have been
ordered, and the clerk will call the roll.
The assistant legislative clerk called
the roll.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce
that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr.
ANDERSON), the Senator from Idaho (Mr.
CHURCH), the Senator from Mississippi
(Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from
Oklahoma (Mr. HARRIS), the Senator
from Indiana (Mr. HARTKE), the Sen-
ator from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY),
the Senator from North Carolina (Mr.
JORDAN), the Senator from Arkansas
(Mr. MCCLELLAN), the Senator from Wy-
oming (Mr. MCGEE), the Senator from
South Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), the Sen-
ator from Alaska (Mr. GRAVEL), the Sen-
ator from Indiana (Mr. BAYH), the Sen-
ator from Georgia 1 Mr. GAMBRELL), the
Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. KEN-
NEDY), the Senator from Louisiana (Mr.
LONG), the Senator from Connecticut
(Mr. RIBIcoFF), and the Senator from
Illinois (Mr. STEVENSON) are necessarily
absent.
I also announce that the Senator from
Utah (Mr. Moss) is absent on official
business.
On this vote, the Senator from Con-
necticut (Mr. RIBIcoFF) is paired with
the Senator from Illinois (Mr. STEVEN-
SON).
If present and voting, the Senator from
Connecticut would vote "yea" and the
Senator from Illinois would vote, "nay."
I further announce that, if present and
voting, the Senator from Georgia (Mr.
GAMBRELL) would vote "nay."
Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the
Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. BELLMON),
the Senator from Idaho (Mr. JORDAN),
and the Senator from Maryland (Mr.
MATHIAS) are absent on official business.
The Senator from Massachusetts (Mr.
BROOKE), the Senator from Hawaii -(Mr.
FONG), the Senator from Wyoming (Mr.
HANSEN), the Senator from Oregon (Mr.
HATFIELD), and the Senator from Illi-
nois (Mr. PERCY) are necessarily absent.
The Senator from South Dakota (Mr.
MUNDT) is absent because of illness.
The Senator from Kentucky !: Mr.
COOK), the Senator from Arizona (Mr.
GOLDWATER), and the Senator from
Kansas (Mr. PEARSON) are detained on
official business.
If present and voting, the Senator
from Massachusetts (Mr. BROOKE)
would vote "nay."
The result was announced--yeas 38,
nays 32, as follows:
[No. 186 Leg.]
YEAS-38
Aiken Schweiker
Allen Scott
Erv n
a er Fannin 4;g ~I+1hM."`
Beall Griffin Stafford
Bennett Gurney
Bentsen Rollin- eons
Boggs rus a Taft
Brock XQ
Buckley c n re
Cotton Millery Weicker
Curtis Packwood
Ym
Dole xbe
NAYS-32
Bible Fulbright Nelson
Burdick Hart Pastore
il"6L Hughes Pen
Jr Inouye Proxmire
Byrd, o 'CL. Javits Randolph
Cannon Magnuson Roth
Case Mansfield Snort,
Chiles Metcalf =Igtoll
,(iGp1iP,I Mondale a m ge
Cranston Montoya Tunney
Eagleton Muskie Williams
NOT VOTING-30
Anderson Gravel _
Bayh Hansen McClellan
Belimon Harris McGee
Brooke Hartke McGovern
Church Hatfield Moss
Cook Humphrey Mundt
Eastland Jordan, N.C. Pearson
Fong Jordan, Idaho NXrLL
Gambrell Kennedy Rib icoff
poldw a .er Long Stevenson
So Mr. SCOTT's amendment (No. 1203)
was agreed to.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I move that
the vote by which the amendment was
agreed to be reconsidered.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I move to
lay that motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I call
up the amendment I have sent to the
desk and ask for its immediate consider-
ation.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. TuN-
NEY). That will take unanimous consent
because the question now recurs on
agreeing to the amendment of the Sen-
ator from Michigan (Mr. GRIFFIN), No.
1200.
Mr. SCOTT; Mr. President, I do hope
that this unanimous consent will be
granted. It ha to do with narcotics and
it is very important.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that this be in order
and that the time be limited to 10 min-
utes. I
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is! so ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, my
understanding is that there will be no
rollcall votes, 1 although I cannot fully
guarantee it.
Mr. FULBR>f GHT. I do not think there
will be any ne d for a rollcall vote. I will
explain the amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. How will
the time be di ided?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, no
one is in Opposition to this amendment
that I know of.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Give it to the minor-
ity leader.
Mr. FULBR GHT. I ask unanimous
consent that he 10 minutes time be
equally divided between the distinguished
minority leade$, and myself.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it s so ordered, and the
amendment w 1 be stated.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to read the amendment as fol-
lows:
S. 3526
On page 32, between lines 15 and 16, insert
the following:
INTJ ENATIOATAL NARCOTICS CONTROL
SEC. 507. Chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, relating to interna-
tional narcotics control, is amended by strik-
ing out section' 481 and inserting in lieu
thereof the following new sections:
"SEC. 481. IN'r RNATIONAL NARCOTICS CON-
TROL.-It is the sense of the Congress that
effective international cooperation Is neces-
sary to put an end to the illicit production,
smuggling, trafli~king in, and abuse of dan-
gerous' drugs. In' order to promote such co-
operation, the rresident is authorized to
conclude agrees ents with other countries
to facilitate control of the production, proc-
essing, transport ation, and distribution of
narcotic analgesics, including opium and
Its derivatives, other narcotic drugs and
psychotropics, and other controlled sub-
stances as defined in the Comprehensive
Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of
1970 (Public Lady 91-513). Notwithstanding
any other provision of law, the President is
authorized to furnish assistance to any
country or inte~nationai organization, on
such terms and 0onditions as he may deter-
mine, for the coptroi of the production of,
processing of, s uggling of, and traffic in,
narcotic and psy hotropic drugs. The Presi-
dent shall suspend economic and military
assistance furnished under this or any other
Act, and shall sujspend sales under the For-
eign Military Sales Act and under title I of
the Agricultural ade Development and As-
sistance Act of 1954, with respect to any
country when the President determines that
the government pi such country has failed
to take adequat steps to prevent narcotic
drugs and other controlled substances (as
defined by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and control Act of :1970) pro-
duced or processed, In whole or in part, in
such country. or transported through such
country, from being sold illegally within the
jurisdiction of such country to United States
Government personnel or their dependents,
or from entering the United States unlaw-
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amendment deals with the problem of 92-41, which has just recently been printed.
fishermen, primarily the fishermen on I believe that the need for this legislation is
the west coast. amply demonstrated by the testimony of
I ask unanimous consent to have the many witnesses who appeared and de-
scribed in detail their personal accounts of
printed in the RECORD at this point the the economic devastation they face as a re-
statement I made when I submitted this suit of this FDA determination.
amendment, so that it can be understood For example, the situation facing the
in context by the people who will be re- Petersburg Cold Storage Co. is typical. The
viewing this RECORD on the other side. Petersburg Cold Storage Co. is owned by
There being no objection, the state- 170 individual shareholders. It serves one of
ment was ordered to be printed in the the small southeast Alaska towns which is
directly affected. It was founded in 1926 by
RECORD, as follows: a local group of fishermen and merchants
Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, today I am handling fish products, primarily halibut. It
introducing a bill and submitting an amend- has operated successfully and has produced
ment to another bill designed to assist roughly 125,000,000 pounds of halibut, a
Alaska fishermen who are faced with eco- yearly average of 3,000,000 pounds. Yearly
nomic ruin as the result of festrictions im- ranges have been from 1 to 5 million pounds.
posed upon them in their domestic com- The replacement value of the plant alone is
mercial fishing by prohibitive Federal or $1,500,000 and it has an insurable depre-
State restrictions. ciated value of $1,029,000. It employs 20 to
The bill I am introducing today author- 60 people per season. The average employ-
izes the Secretary of Commerce to purchase ment for a 12-month period is 28. The an-
these fish from any legal entity which first, nual payroll runs about $400,000. Normally,
owns fishing equipment; and second, engages they would have 20 to 30 halibut vessels out-
in domestic fishing as its usual occupation. fitting in Petersburg at times other than the
The catches of fish which may be purchased normal seining season. However, as a result
are those which the owner is prevented from of the mercury pollution level, last year only
selling by restrictions related to a deteriora- two vessels fished for halibut in the area im-
tion in the quality of the aquatic environ- mediately surrounding Petersburg. In a poll
ment which were imposed on or after Jan- of 13 fishermen in nearby Kake, Alaska, in
uary 1, 1971 by any State or Federal agency 1971 not a single fisherman indicated he
and which, in the judgment of the Secre- felt he could economically fish for halibut,
tary, impair the economic feasibility of any given the present restrictions. The same fish-
did
t th
The Secretary is authorized to buy such
fish at the fair market price in the area at
the time of purchase. The "fair market price"
is a term of art widely used in the law and
easily determinable. Such fair market price
must be evaluated in the specific locality,
that is the specific town or city at which the
catch is sold. The price must be determined
as of the specific date of sale. Thus deflned,
these terms wil provide the Secretary with
practical guidelines for enforcement.
The total amount of such purchases in
any calendar year from any one eligible
owner may not exceed 50 percent of its gross
earnings from domestic fishing operations.
The Secretary is then authorized to dispose
of these fish in any legal manner he deems
appropriate. Any such purchase must be
subject to the condition that the eligible
owner assign to the Secretary any right he
may have to recover damages for the act
or omission resulting in the imposition of
ey
ermen indicated that they felt tha
not believe that they would be able to fish
in 1972 either.
Of course, solutions other than this bill
are also being sought. However, even though
it is not at all certain that a level as low as
0.5 part per million is necessary or even prac-
tical, I believe that one solution that must
be considered is embodied in this bill. I urge
that my colleagues give it their most serious
attention.
Mr. President, the amendment I am
trnducine today attempts yet another
S-8465
Chairman of the Committee on Com-
merce.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I
yield back my time.
Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I yield
back the remainder of my time.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. All time on the amendment has
been yielded back. The question is on
agreeing to the amendment of the Sena-
tor from Alaska.
The amendment was agreed to.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I
have not exercised the parliamentary
privilege of moving to reconsider. I do not
think we will have to do that, but I do
want it open so that if other Senators
wish to discuss it a little or perhaps wish
to move to reconsider and then discuss it,
they will be able to do so. But I am al-
most positive that there will be no prob-
lem about these two amendments.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-.
pore. The bill is open to further amend-
ment.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the pending bill
be laid aside temporarily, that the un-
finished business be laid before the Sen-
ate at this time, and that the Chair
recognize the distinguished Senator from
Tennessee (Mr. BAKER) for the purpose
of offering an amendment.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
TION ACT OF 1972
nate resumed the ^nnskl?"
identical to S. 875, a bill I introduced a
little over a year ago. This amendment would
provide partial reimbursement for losses in-
curred by commercial fishermen as the result
of prohibitive Federal or State restrictions
imposed on domestic commercial fishing. It
would also authorize grants from the Secre-
tary of Commerce to enable any eligible own-
er to meet the usual business expenses he
was prevented from meeting as a result of
retary is also empowered to prescribe rules these restrictions. Under the bill, if a fisher-
and regulations necessary to carry out the man accepts reimbursement, he automatic-
provisions of the act, ally authorizes the Federal Government to file
Finally, amounts not to exceed $4,000,000 suit in his behalf against those who polluted
for fiscal year 1973 and $5,000,000 for fiscal the waters. Any amount collected in excess
year 1974 are authorized. of the initial reimbursement and court costs
Mr. President, this bill is specifically de- would by the Government over to the aggriev which initiated fisher-
signed to to alleviate a problem facing many man
small fishermen in southeast Alaska. It is the suit. Although it is reasonable to expect this
result of mercury pollution levels found in method of reimbursement will ultimately be
halibut by the Food and Drug Administra- self-supporting, such a status will probably
tion. This finding has resulted in a deter- not be achieved for several years. Accordingly,
mination that halibut above a certain size my amendment appropriates $4 million for
may be dangerous and unfit for human con- operation of the program during the first
sumption. Because of this finding, the in- year and $5 million for each of the 4 suc-
dustry has been unable to sell halibut over ceeding years.
a certain size, such size varying depending Mr. STEVENS. I ask my good friend
upon the area of the ocean in which the and neighbor, the Senator from Wash-
ington, whether he has reviewed this
halibut vastating was caught. economic This effects s throughout c h
d
de
southeast Alaska. amendment and if it is acceptable to
On October 8, 1971, the Subcommittee on him.
Oceans and Atmosphere of the Senate Com- Mr. MAGNUSON. As I stated earlier,
merce Committee held hearings in Peters- I have. I am sure that Senator SPONG,
burg, Alaska, on this subject. At these hear- Senator HATFIELD, who has handled some
ings, the chairman of the subcommittee, the of these hearings, and I will accept the
distinguished Senator from South Carolina amendment at this time; because I say
(Mr. of representatives HOLLINGS) and I were present, various A lafish- rge again that it is germane to this bill. It
number r
does not deal with our international
lag groups and governmental from mm agencies were ere
p
also present and testified before us. A report problems with Ecuador and Peru, but it
of these hearings is contained in report No. is germane to the bill.
of the bill (S. 3526) to provide authoriza-
tions for certain agencies conducting the
foreign relations of the United States,
and for other purposes.
AMENDMENT NO. 1201
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Under the previous order, the pend-
ing business is the amendment of the
Senator from Tennessee, which will be
stated.
The Legislative Clerk read as follows:
On page 26, line 15, strike out all of section
205.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. There is a time limitation of 1 hour
for debate. Who yields time?
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum, on my time.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
PROXMIRE). Without objection, it is so
ordered.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield
myself such time as I may utilize.
Mr. President, I rise to offer an
amendment to strike a section of the bill
S. 3526 which I believe is unwise and
goes far beyond either the intent or the
jurisdiction of the Foreign Relations
Committee. It is a provision which would
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE' lt/In.~~ I a r7
viaing any asistance to foreign govern-
ments in the field of information. It ap-
plies to all Government agencies, pro-
hibiting any of them from directly or
indirectly preparing or assisting in pre-
paring for dissemination, or dsseminat-
ing, information of any kind for, on be-
half of, or in the name of a foreign
government.
The committee was apparently con-
cerned about the activities of the U.S.
Information Agency in Southeast Asia.
These activities were begun during pre-
vious administrations. USIA assisted the
information services of the governments
of the Indochinese States and Thailand.
But the Agency has testified that they
have discontinued this effort and that
present USIA policy is that such activi-
ties shoud be the responsibility of the
governments concerned. To the extent
that the bill is directed against USIA
operations in Southeast Asia, it addresses
a situation which no longer exists.
However, it will have an adverse im-
pact on other agencies and activities
which promote American domestic and
foreign interests and which should be
continued. Since World War II our Gov-
ernment has provided information as-
sistance to foreign governments as a
constructive and relatively inexpensive
course, it has served our own domestic ag .,...,f inf v """"l"ei 71t`o I "L1ie policy interests when other governments agencies o for further r N disssoreignemination puon-
ere in a dissemination position to communicate to cerning violations of environmental pro-
their matters about which our tective agreements, management of na-
Government was concerned, or which tural resources development, and tech-
which were matters of international
o "? on :liar-1 logical damage.
cotics control and ecology.
In post war Europe we provided advice E. EDUCATION, INCLUDING PEACE CORPS
' CONTRIBUTIONS
and
in some cases
m
di
,
,
e
a materials to
governments which received Marshall
plan aid and which supported our for-
eign policy objectives. Following the
Marshall plan period, the United States
on occasion responded to requests of a
small number of developing nations fort
assistance with their own information
program. This assistance was carefully
tailored to provide support for our over-
all foreign policy goals and was designed
to encourage a stable and peaceful poli-
tical evolution. It was provided only for
limited periods of time and for limited
objectives.
The sweeping language of section 205
would either prohibit or seriously im-
- - -----------
formation which is now routinely passed
G. COMMERCE
between Federal agencies and foreign Section 205 would prohibit the U.S.
public and private agencies to serve mu- Travel Service from providing informa-
tual interests in such fields as welfare, tion to foreign public agencies and impair
commerce, and security. In reaching well its effectiveness with foreign private
beyond the intent of the original In- agencies for the further dissemination of
formational and Cultural Exchange Act, information, materials, texts, and photos
section 205 would prohibit or impair the designed to encourage travel to the
further dissemination
f i
f
--
o
n
ormation
dealing with the following areas of con-
cern to our Government, both. domesti-
cally and as they relate to foreign policy:
,ei u. rureigii narcotics control activities Foreign Relatio s Committee had the
such as the preparation of training ma- points I have tou hed upon been covered
terials based on United States-supplied in hearings befo that committee when
iformation for use in police antidrug di- this legislation was being considered. I
visions, would be seriously hampered. am unaware of the depth of the commit-
Further, Federal agencies would be pro- tee's hearings on is matter.
hibited di
ssemi
received nating information
rom from a foreign country for the
a prohibition would also be contrary to
treaty obligations.
B. FAMILY PLANNING
Section 205 would also prohibit the
Clearly, section 205 goes beyond the
scope of S. 3526, iwhich I understand to
be an authorization measure for the De-
partment of StatUSIA, the Arms Con-
trol and Disarm ent Agency, and the
Peace Corps. Mor, over, the ramifications
of section 205, asl I have illustrated, are
clearly outside t e purview of the in-
formation and Educational Exchange
Act.
concerning methods to achieve planned particular Goveriment agency of any
population growth and advanced meth- product it disseminates overseas. I have
ods of curtailing uncontrolled birth rates, already indicated how this requirement
C. POLICE MATTERS could impair the effectiveness of Our Gov-
Section 205 would prohibit the dis- ernment's Cooperation with foreign pri-
semination of information to foreign po- vate agencies on matters concerning our
lice agencies for further dissemination commerce, health, and welfare.
concerning international crimes and The at the requirement beginning that of the attribution material placed criminals, extradition matters, and law would se ffecti -
enforcement techniques. Such would atheriously diminish the effective-
enforcement ness of materials vOhich this Government
tion would also appear to be an abroga- might want to halve distributed abroad
tion of U.S. treaty responsibilities. -1 ?,,,,.,,, -..-..:-_1____ . .. _ ._
cific Government
Government in ge
ginning or the endi
bill would apply
uted, including coli,
agency or the U.S.
era], either at the be-
of the document. The
all material distrib-
es of historical, docu-
Section 205 would prohibit.the dissemi-
nation of information to foreign public
agencies for further dissemination and
impair the dissemination of information
to foreign private agencies which are de-
signed to improve the effectiveness of
educational systems.
F. HEALTH
Section 205 would prohibit the dissemi-
nation of information to foreign public
agencies for further dissemination con-
cerning international health problems,
epidemics, and other indigenous health
problems in foreign countries, and the
overall use and development of medi-
cines and techniques in improving the
There are many other illustrations
falling into such areas as disarmament
goals. atomic. energy military aiA 4-
Section 205 would prohibit dissemina- tional money matters, and international
tion of information to foreign public law, which could also be affected by this
agencies for further dissemination of in- provision.
formation concerning detection, controls, I doubt very much that the sweeping
seizures, and prosecutions which have a4 language used in section 205 would have
direct impact on our domestic drug prob- i been favorably reported by the Senate
al police work, ecology, health and pop-
ulation control, aid travel service pro-
motion. These are things which obvious-
ly the U.S. Government has no interest
in hiding, but whQther the specific at-
tribution may be (printed in the right
place or say exactly the right thing and
can be accomplished within the time es-
tablished in this bi:l, which would be the
time of passage, is difficult to ascertain
and it could result in unnecessary and
unwarranted expense to the Treasury.
In one special respect this provision
could have a most undesirable effect on
USIA's operations. (USIA assists foreign
television producer$ who want to come
to the United States and make films about
our country. Thd Agency lends its
studios, provides stcck footage as desired,
and facilitates travel, interviews, and
filming by the foreign television crews.
Many of these pro ucts are valuable in
correcting distortio is about life in the
United States phi h are so prevalent
abroad.
Mr. President, aslevidence of the dis-
tortions and a descrption of some of the
work USIA is doing to correct them, I ask
unanimous consent
in the RECORD at ti
remarks the series l:
editor of TV Guide,
peared in that.pubi
The PRESIDING
PROXMIRE). Withou
ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
hat there be printed
Le conclusion of my
i Mr. Merrill Panitt,
which recently ap-
,cation.
r OFFICER (Mr.
objection it is so
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, Mr.
Panitt's analysis is s artiing. but that his
report is all too true Is confirmed by any
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May 25, 19'12. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 'SENATE S 8467
of us who have had an opportunity to see we report Vietnam. But if that's all we re- tion, for once!" The man he was interviewing
how our Nation is represented on televi- ported, then you would have a real cause for was the Prime Minister.
complaint. Most knowledgeable Americans believe
Sion screens in other countries. I think "But what do we see of America? What that as a matter of over-all policy, British
we would all agree, indeed foreign visa- we see overwhelmingly is Apollo. We've de- television is by no means anti-American. Nor
tors to the United States do agree, that voted a tremendous amount of time to Apollo are the majority of producers and editors who
the best remedy for some of the false im- flights and Houston and we've gained knowl-' work for BBC or the independent commercial
pressions people overseas have about our edge of the way Americans indulge in bad- organizations. There certainly are, however,
country is to expose more of the broad image and small talk but organize themselves enough of them who either dislike America or
reality of life here to television viewers technologically. Last night we had a program whose politics involve criticizing America, to
abroad. That is what USIA, with its pro- on the 6th Fleet. It seemed to me to demon- make British television-on frequent occa-
grams of facilitative assistance to foreign strate America's concern and responsibility sions-a source of frustration and anger for
and how much money you are spending on Americans in the audience.
television producers, is trying to do. The NATO. We also see a great deal of America What effect all this Is having on British
problem posed by this bill, however, arises on the fringes-things like The Mary Tyler viewers is impossible to measure. Without
from the fact that in most instances for- Moore Show represent a certain aspiration in doubt, however, they are getting a distorted
eign television networks are Government the American character. So does Ironside. picture of our society if they depend en-
owned and Government operated. If the All these things together form an amalgam." tirely upon television for their information
bill passes with this restrictive provision, All of what Attenborough says is true, of about America.
a question could be raised whether USIA course, but then there's no way to avoid In Belgium the picture of America one sees
would be able to continue to give the for- covering an Apollo flight, to avoid giving on television depends largely upon where
eign government television networks the viewers the sight of men walking on the one is sitting-in Flanders to the north or
moon. And NATO is very much Britain's busi- Walloonia to the south. The Flemish speak
help that they. request from the Agency. ness too, so it behooves BBC to tell its audi- a kind of Dutch, much as Americans speak
Mr. President, it is for these reasons ence what's going on in the Mediterranean a kind of English. The Walloons speak
that I offered the pending amendment. east of Gibraltar. There is also some question French. Each group has its own separate and
At this time, I reserve the remainder as to whether Mary Tyler Moore's appealing distinct television network operating under
of my time. smile and Raymond Burr's ability to stare the aegis of the Belgian government.
ExHIBIT 1 down a criminal outweigh the damage The Flemish network has strong central
WITH FRIENDS LIKE THESE-Ox TELEVISION, wrought by giving American dissidents tele- control, straightforward news reports with
SOME or AMERICA'S TRADITIONAL ALLIES DO vision time and free rein-and a great deal no editorial ririacomments, a number Sullivan iety
NOT ALWAYS ACT THE PART of encouragement-to attack the basic strut- programs with joy' fat
ture of American society. charge, and quite a few American programs
(By Merrill Panitt) After Robert Musel's Oct. 2 article appeared run with the original sound track and Flem-
There used to be a catchy headline in an in these pages, BBC used it as the subject ish subtitles.
advertisement for a halitosis remedy. "Even of a television panel discussion during which The Walloon network permits more local
your best friends won't tell you!" it was brought out that critical programs on autonomy and gives its producers more or
Our best friends, the Belgians, the English such subjects as American unemployment, less carte blanche. It imports a number of
and the French, aren't a bit bashful. They pollution, sex and marriage, draft evasion, programs from France, and when it runs a
tell us. Often. On television. black power and student disorders, all within program from the United States or Britain
Usually, they tell us by running news films a period of a few months, did indeed give or any other country, it is carefully dubbed
or public-affairs programs, from American Americans the impression that British tele- into French. The news sometimes includes a
networks, that dwell on our problems. Some- vision was slightly biased against them, few editorial asides. An example:
times it's a matter of giving air time to Still, said Attenborough, "I and my col- The day Rap Brown was wounded and
American dissidents such as James Baldwin, leagues, and I believe a great number of captured in a New York holdup attempt, the
Norman Mailer, Stokely Carmichael and Ab- British people have profound admiration for newscaster explained that early reports did
bie Hoffman. Occasionally they send their the way in which America not only talks not make It quite clear how Brown's capture
own camera crews to the United States to about freedom of speech and freedom of re- occurred. "But then," he added, "it often
cover a big news story-such as the Attica porting, but actually sticks to it. And even happens that black militants in the United
prison riot. when-the going is tough-as it certainly has States are shot by police in circumstances
Whatever is wrong with us, we don't keep been during the past two or three years, you that are not clear."
It a secret. And our friends are only too will- say, 'Look, we meant it. We meant that re- Belgians pay about $19 for their annual
ing to pass our troubles along to their view- porting during the Vietnam war is free and television licenses and the money goes direct-
ers. open as far as is humanly possible.' And ly to the government, which decides how
We asked David Attenborough, director of there are very few other countries-as I know much of it will be necessary to run television
programming for the British Broadcasting personally to my cost-where you can say for a year. Sometimes it is more than the
Corporation, whether he thought Americans that." license-fee income, sometimes less. Techni-
were paranoid about being criticized on Eu- As elsewhere in Europe, television in Brit- -tally the government has no voice in pro-
rbpean television. ain, especially news and public-affairs de- gramming and a law forbids censorship.
"I don't think you're paranoid at all," he partments, is populated largely by young, Both networks, however, are extremely
said. "What we're dealing with Is a problem left-leaning intellectuals who somehow feel cautious about domestic politics, leaning over
which is a universal problem. It faces us it is their mission to denigrate the American backward to be fair to all parties. There is
about every country and every activity you civilization. They scoff at American "mate- lfttle investigative reporting or criticism in
can think of." Whereupon he related the rialism"-while in Britain, as throughout covering the government. It is said that there
complaints of British industrialists and trade Europe today, there appears to be just as are three political parties in Belgium-con-
unionists who told him that the BBC was much preoccupation with flashy automobiles, servative Liberal, conservative Social Chris-
"grossly distorting" the situation of labor comfortable homes and convenience appli- tian and conservative Socialist-for Belgium
relations because it only reported strikes and antes as there is in America. They become is a business-oriented country, welcomes for-
strike threats. American "racism"-while eign investments (United States investment
"It seems to me," he said, "that television's indignant over their own growing racial difficulties are there is about $1.2 billion; and is a strong
job is not to report the average, but to re- handled with typical british reserve, and NATO supporter.
port the significant. It is particularly im- politicians win re-election by advocating a Belgian networks have adopted a unique
portant to us in the country to report the halt to black immigration. method of making certain that all shades of
significant in the United States. Partly be- This youthful bumptiousness is most evi- political thought are represented in the
cause we are so close, but partly because, dent on a few panel and "magazine" pro- news departments. Each news jobs is assigned
G lass-Very article Darkly says [TV Robert Guide, "Musel, OctThrough a grams, the latter being quite popular in Eu- a point value-an editor might be worth ," by 19711, what is happening In the Oct. Through
rope and the model for such American three points, a reporter one. Each political
States go i g to happen In e the years' time public-affairs programs as 60 Minutes. In party is assigned a total number of journal-
States Is going to happen In flue years' time fairness it should be noted that British tele- istic points depending upon the party's
in this country. vision generally has a tendency to snipe- strength in parliament.
"I don't know whether it's true or not, but. whether at the United States or at any other Still the French-language network does
we do reflect a great deal of what happens country. This tendency has been described seem to reflect thinking a bit more to the
in the United States. Certainly if you look rather accurately, as "bitchiness." It makes left than the parliamentary statistics would
over the past few years, many of the things for lively, fascinating television, suggest. The Social Christians nbw are the
that have happened-the student movement. On panel and talk shows, participants also ruling party, with the Liberals to the right
the drug situation-both of these were seen snipe at their own country and at each other. and the Socialists to the left, If the Social
earlier in the United States than here. Hip- British television interviewers are sharp and Christians are the center party and if they
pies, the love generation. I knew about them probing. They will not permit their questions have more jouranlistic points than the others,
first from reports from America. to be turned aside and they frequently die- why are there so many leftists in the news
"Of course we report racial troubles. Of play anger. One told the man he was inter- department? We put that question to Emile
course we report student troubles. Of course viewing: "Will you please answer the ques- Henceval, director of news and current-
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S,84,68 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 25, 1972
affairs programming for Radio-diffusion- political rallies that find fault with President things happen than merely what Is happen-
Television Beige (RTB), the French network. Georges Pompidou and his administration ing. So far as America is concerned, this re-
Henceval explained that the general Aside from a treatment of "Uncle Tom's suits in more bal need programming.
population is more conservative than the Cabin" which was less than complimentary, News and special events are headed by Ja-
young journalists who come out of the uni- and a program on group psychology freaks queline Boudier, a;respective news executive,
versities and go into television, "RTB has which offered a strangely warped view of how who doesn't care what here newsmen's pol-
great difficulty in recruiting young journalists Americans relieve their tensions, the past itics are so long a they are neutral and ob-
who have conservative opinions," he said, two years have been relatively free of openly jective when they'e working.
"There are hardly any, gratuitous slams on French television. What is objectivity? we asked.
"But there is a strong and active left- There still are, however, complaints from "Honesty," she replied. "You can.'t always
wing minority even among the Social Chris- Americans living In France about what they be objective. But ypu can be honest."
tians, and the young ones are attracted by see as an overly critical attitude toward us, French televisioli's new-and more bal-
that. If a young Social Christian has one and some have been especially touchy abort anted-treatment of the United States may
journalistic point, he represents the left television reports from the First Network's or may not have something to do with the
wing of the Social Christians, even though New York correspondent, Emmanuel de la results of two recent polls. One showed that
the general tendency of the party is center. Taille. Asked about this, De la Taille ad- 59 per cent of those polled said that America
And one always recruits young people." mitted that he probably was being influenced Is the country that interests them most, the
Then, we asked, is the general picture of by the highly critical attitude of the Amer- country they most {Wanted to visit. China was
America filtered to the ]Belgian people ican media to which he is constantly exposed, second with 20 percent.
through these young leftist journalists? So criticism of America still is to be found The second poll ehowed that the attitude
"That is too dramatic, too general a state- on French television, but on the whole It has of all Frenchmen polled toward the United
ment," Henceval said. "The majority of been reasonable and thoughtful. Pierre States was generally favorable, with those
young journalists who represent this move- Desgraupes, news and public-affairs head of most favorably Inclined toward us being in
ment ]a critical current toward United the First Network, related a revealing anec- the 19-29 year-old age group.
States policy] are just as critical of Russia. dote. It seems the former Soviet ambassador Which may indj[cate that everybody in
But It is not the same.... Toward the United to France was unhappy because French tele- France didn't belie a everything they saw on
States one is very critical but very friendly, vision spoke very seldom about the Soviet television during tl4e De Gaulle years.
If you ask young journalists whether they Union but quite often about the United
want a month In America or a month in States. One day, over lunch, he voiced his HOW LEFTIST INFLk7ENCE ON DUTCH TELE-
Russia, they'll all choose the United States." complaint to the director general of French VISION OFTEN RESULTS IN A TWISTED VIEW
While there is less editorial criticism of TV and to Pierre Desgraupes. OF THE UNITED SLATES
America and there are fewer programs about Desgraupes replied that If the Russians (Rv AN-11-ill
country on the Flemish network, the news -w The Dutch are a tolerant
into Moscow as the Americans do to get a the Puritans were people. Whed
reports do not paint a bright picture. crew into New York, the Soviet Union Would for their religious ounfs hey fo England
"It is only natural," said Lode Van Uylven, be spoken of often too. harbor in Holland !tor th for th, they focmd safo
news director of Belgische Radio on Televisie After the Russian left, Desgraupes' boss preparrepare t e e etime w it took n
(BRI), "that Vietnam and racial conflict and told him: "You know, you won't make it anY mr' v ppl to the New World. When
demonstrations get more time on the air last a s hi m Europe found them-
y telling him that ew into the Soviet selves unwe unwelcome e 4n many countries, they
than anything ni else. That's the nature of news. UUnionon b b g
Our sources are mainly the American net- "Why not?" turned their bare fe eet toward the friendly
works. Whatever they put on the air them- "Because you speak a Iot about the United them pt ambience aare r Ao at roam, wherg many es o selves, we get over here." States, but you know-and he knows-that al ng h cl found living cn als.
The director general of the French lan- everything you say Is critical." tied Duttcch along the television 1 iIs t celebrated canals.
guage network, Robert Wangermee, Insisted We asked Desgraupes if he was makin a tolerant too. There i-
that the bad news from America was not conscious attempt to balance all the bad tare a delia gammut ate of effort t politifcalgive air time tod the l
really all bad. "What we appreciate from news from America with r ich , hroughs an odd doci r-
American television is liberty of spirit, of tabiished some sort of b ance. He .said he cbeliefs, i an e rffort s somewhat mwhat more iti-
self-criticism about the problems of was trying, but it was difficult. He even felt sm of the U itea 1!s ntel seem
America," he said. "This is very Important, compelled, at one time, to produce a ro ram to be cism a sh tely f' I than want oun-
that most of the criticism is coming from that explained American news-gatherhig trr . a The bsolutely f le n that tct r e icch
the United States." methods, and American freedom of informa- y. Dutch tewision structure s such
tion, to the French audience. that there is lively competition to attract
* * * * * young, leftist viewelys. Nothing is more sure-
Some Americans living in Belgium say Doesn't France have freedom of informa- fire in appealing to !this audience than tak-
that the French. livi age network there tion7
teems h fFren the guage n of television "In Europe generally, but especially in ing Amerion t task' for iof a out Binh a
attitudes se France. That would seem de be true iv lion France," Desgraupes said, "there Is less of a Television ti me, o total p about nine hours
because so man tendency toward the sort of fair la the sort a gay on ewe networks, is ro rat h y have-
y programs that appear in p Y, ing n the number t members ent ario
Belgium-including public-affairs shows - ?f criticism that exists in the United States.
originate in France. l French ilsho s- If we were to criticize trade unions, they pmog , associations 1 ous and that cia lebell vrioue
s eom beliefs. The
would also be felt, for the same reason', ce wouldn't accept this the way trade unions do Mpolore re m, ers, i e
in America. If we were to criticize, say, fun- Membership rship in p, lve subscribing a -
other Francophone countries. eral directors, we'd have a letter from their ne ed y the to associ tion.
Belgium, however, has fallen slightly be- Progr mming pub fished f the fundsap -
hind in adopting the new French television p ado union oho next day telling us we had programming is fin nced from funds pro-
attitude toward America. In France, America ut the honor of their profession into jeo- vided by a $20 annial license fee On each
Is doing pretty well. Pardy. Americans accept criticism much more television set and by b idvertisin income from
There are some Ia ses, but easily than Europeans." Y g
p generally we We heard this in other countries too. Amer- n w cast. T that p e and fallow each
found French television almost pro-American ica has a journalism all its own, a tradition ewct The money Isdd s divided among the
compared with some of the other European of exposing wrong-doing or unfairness wher- timeprodu ehtheir own eprogramstlor rbuy
countries we visited. ever it appears. American readers-and from com
This :s an about-face from treatment of ers-have become accustomed to this criti- men them stud tudiofacilgn sources. They tnge egip uip-
the United States by French television dur- cism of the Establishment, as has the Estab- ment. The i cssociatio ns h have trans m itt ing e
ing most of the De Gaulle regime. At that lishment. This is not rue in most of Europe. is litttle flinati n bOn the fo pfrt und of that m ddl
oe-
time, television news was all but the prop- The ground l old people one ass-
erty of the administration. When a cabinet different. SomeEuropeans look upon our self- aged and old other fEo switch from one are
member was to make a speech, however criticism as a sign of weakness. More, we be- suscen to another. !But young people are
minor, one of his flunkies would call anet- Iieve, see it as a basis of American strength, susceptible to change, and they will join a dilif it work news chief and demand that the speech As In other countries, most of the young sent the avs bet r h n tears to a did.
be covered. It was covered. people who go into news in France lean to sent their viecews retty than the old one did.
Television program heads had their an- the left. Desgraupes said they were relativel Their views generally! are leftist viewa.
ear Y It is only natural; then, for the associa-
tennae up for clues as to what their editorial Y to control. TIIe real problem, he said, bons to compete for the attention of the
positions should be. De Gaulle was highly was directors, many of them Communists, young leftists in they hope of gaining them
critical of the United States. So was French who come and go in television and are al- as members and thus winning more time on
television. most impossible to control. the air. At very least the associations feel
Although many suspect that the antennae The Second Network in France has present- compelled to keep t{he young people they
are still up, television news, we were told by ed a great many programs on aspects of already have from switching affiliation. This
the news and special-events chiefs of France's America rarely touched by other European is known in Dutch television as "protecting
two networks, is now absolutely free. The net- broadcasters--social security, life In a mid- your left flank."
works themselves do not criticize the French west community, education, old age. This Two associations make no bones about
government, but they do cover opposition network appears to be more interested in why being left-oriented. One is VARA, which has
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May 25, ,1972? COI dI ESSIOINAL -RECORD ' SENATE
more than 400,000 members and is there- KRO has presented many programs, from
fore entitled to an "A" classification and all American sources and from its own.produc-
the time on the air a Class A association tion teams, which show positive aspects of
enjoys. VARA represents the Socialists, who the United States. In recent months it broad-
are now led chiefly by the New Left. (There cast the ABC documentary on Mayor Charles
are 14 parties in Holland and the Socialists Evers of Fayette, Miss., and a documentary
are the largest party with 23 per cent of the on police work in Kansas City, Mo., which
vote in the last election. It is in opposition, presented policemen as neither villains nor
however, because the government is a coali- heroes, but men doing an often difficult but
tion of five minority parties.) The other always necessary job. But it also offered its
leftist association is VPRO, which has un- viewers programs on anti-Vietnam demon-
der 250,000 members and is classified "C," strations. Lieutenant Calley and the My Lai
which entities it to considerably less time massacre, and the Pentagon Papers.
than VARA. VPRO is a far-out Protestant TROS is an association more concerned
organization known for its satire. It has with entertainment than politics. Signifi-
drawn the fire of conservative Protestants cantly, it is growing more rapidly than any
who complain that some of its programs other group. NCRV represents the tradition-
take the form of obscenity bordering on al, conservative, Reformed-Church, small-
pornography. town segment of Dutch society. The largest
VARA did a program on Angela Davis im- association, AVRO is somewhat to the right
plying that she could not get a fair trial of center it brought "The Selling of the Pen-
in the United States. It also did one fea- tagon" to Dutch TV. It also telecast a friend-
turing an interview with Chicago 7 attorney ly documentary on the 6th Fleet in the Med-
William Kunstler, during which the Dutch iterranean,
interviewer Pier Tanta deliberately fed None of these associations is permitted to
Kunstler questions worded to bring out the broadcast news. That is the prerogative of
most poisonous anti-American propaganda NOS, an umbrella organization which has no
the attorney could produce. members but which is awarded 40 per cent
When VARA covered the funeral of pris- of all television time for news, sports, some
oners killed in the Attica riot, the inter- other types of programs, and the presenta-
viewer was Pier Tanta again. He began the tions of associations which have under 100,-
program with this statement: 000 members and therefore no right to reg-
"American blacks may demonstrate and ular time segments of their own.
bury their dead, but American society stays As an example, we watched a program
unmoved. There is a growth of poverty, dis- broadcast during NOS time as a joint effort
content, violence. The black leaders are say- by three small church groups-IKOR (Inter-
ing that the black civil war has already - church Consultation for Radio and TV Mat-
started. Attica is a political case. While au- ters), CVK (Convention of Churches) and
thority over 1200 black prisoners. Criminals, RKK (Roman Catholic Church Association).
yes, but also colored people who never had The program was Kenmerk, a weekly in-
achance in American society." formation program about the church and so-
He supported this contention with inter- ciety, which was offering a two-part series
views of three mourners at the funeral, one on American use of "chemical warfare" in
of whom obligingly told Tanta: "We feel South Vietnam. The first part had to do with
that America is one big Attica; one big con- chemical defoliants. That program began
centration camp. America is a prison, a slave with a shot of a map of Europe with Hitler
camp for black people. We can't stay here in an inset making a speech. Then the nar-
and we can't leave here. We are enslaved rater said: "Thirty years ago we divided the
here. We're not robbing, we're expropriating world into good and evil, on one side the
money from the thief himself. We're taking Nazis, on the other side the Allies and the
what belong to us. Were going to get the Dutch. Then the world was divided into the
person who created this violence-known as Communist world on one side and we and the
Richard Milhous Nixon and Company, known Americans on the other. Then the Americans
as the United States Government." streamed into Vietnam."
For whatever consolation it may provide, The program showed defoliated forests,
VARA has described the Soviet Union - as women and children war victims, bombs be-
"even more indigestible than the United ing released from planes, and interviews with
States." a Dutch' biologist and a Communist Viet-
VPRO, the satirical Protestant association
which is just as far left as VARA, has been
disowned by many Protestants who object to
its sexual permissiveness and its political
radicalism. One of its most virulent slams
at the United States recently was a musical
program titled "Carte Blanche," which fea-
tured an American black and two American
Indians who live in Holland. Much of it was
racial material, with lyrics such as "Niggers
hanging from the trees, swinging in the
breeze" used to describe current conditions
in the United States. Said one American who
once spent several years in the Soviet Union,
''I never saw anything worse on Moscow TV."
In its preview of the current season, VPRO
promised to deliver a number of satirical at-
tacks on the United States, including bur-
lesques of the Chicago 7 trial and interviews
with unsuspecting Southerners who respond
to friendly Dutch interviewers in good faith
and then become the object of ridicule when
the film is shown by VPRO.
These two organizations make no attempt
to balance their anti-American material, but
say it is up to the more moderate associa-
tions to provide balance. Among the more
moderate ones Is KRO, the Catholic group,
which is left of center and which is the van-
guard of efforts to force acceptance by the
Vatican of artificial birth control 'and of
marriage for priests.
namese doctor. Twice during the program,
shots of war victims-fleeing refugees and
crying children-had as musical background
a male choir singing "Glory, Glory, Halle-
lujah."
The second part of the series had to do
with nausea and tear gases. It presented a
film history of chemical warfare, including
atrocity film from World War I, which showed
chlorine gas victims. Somehow the gases used
in Vietnam were equated with the deadly
chlorine gas of the First World War.
It was explained that this was a church
matter because all this material was being
delivered to the bishops meeting in Rome.
News reports as presented by the umbrella
organization, NOS, are free of editorial com-
ment. NOS does no editorializing and the as-
sociations do no news. But the associations do
offer comments on the news, and it is in
these commentaries that bias often emerges,
for even in the moderates organizations
there are leftists in key positions. Holland's
most respected news analyst, G.B.H. Hilter-
mann, appears on television for AVRO, the
largest association, and also writes for a
leading weekly magazine. In his view, the as-
sociations are "completely run or governed
or even tyrannized by the New Left."
Hiltermann is no conservative. In Holland,
a social-welfare state which is neither com-
pletely free enterprise nor completely so-
9 84W
he says, he might be a very liberal Dem-
ocrat, or even a very, very liberal Republi-
can.
He says all of the broadcasting associations
are under leftist influence. "You are forced.
You must be progressive. You must agree that
something new is coming. You must find new
ways. It is fashionable. Maybe it is because
this country has for so long been a fairly
rigid colonial power. Now that anything is
permitted, we are just like Denmark. All of a
sudden we are the most revolutionary, the
most open, the most crazy society in Europe.
The boys with the longest hair are in Holland,
the girls with the hottest hot pants are here.
This is a country in terrible turmoil. We have
all these revolutionary young people trying
to find but if our inherited values have some
meaning. I'm not against that. The trouble is
we have no Establishment, no government,
no authority which is still secure in its own
position, which can stand. That is the prob-
lem."
Hiltermann insists that newspaper circula-
tion figures and popular votes in elections
prove that only a minority of the Dutch
favor the left. But the left is in control of
television, and the* United States, as the
supercapitalist state, is a sitting duck for
television pot shots.
"When I was 18 or 19 years old," he says,
"I too thought that society was something
alien and different and even hostile. At the
university we were saying that one day we
would have another world, and we would
have ideas and discussions and we would
plan a better world. And so I think that as
a student maybe I too was thinking of blow-
ing up the world.
"But then the world was strong and the
Establishment was strong. I don't think that
the attitude and the mentality of the young-
er generation and the atmosphere even in this
country is basically wrong. I do think that
it is something that will pass over. When
they grow up they will change their opinions.
The main thing is that the Establishment
is weak, so the left is far more effective now.
And then there's the mass media. Just think,
,if you're young and you have long hair and
you've something crazy to say or do-you'll
be on television. Just give the word! There
is no balance, no counterweight, no counter-
influence."
Hiltermann said that the young people
one hears from in Holland are leftists but
in addressing students at universities, espe-
cially engineers, he has gained the impres-
sion that the majority of students are not
inclined toward the left.
"You must notice in the United States that
this left minority can extend a great influ-
ence, and the world has constantly been
shaped by minorities. The Russian Revolu-
tion was not made by a majority. And' a
convinced and passionate and eagerly work-
ing minority can convince a people of quite
a lot of things, especially if they are in con-
trol of communications. That is the danger."
At the headquarters of the organization
that broadcasts all news reports in Holland,
the deputy head of NOS television programs,
Harry Hagedorn, said he didn't know-or
care to know-the political views of the men
who read the news.
"Our job is to report all opinions and view-
points. We want to have critical people work-
ing for us, but not activists."
He admitted that Dutch television was
critical of the United States but that the
criticism comes out of true friendship. He
also said he believed viewers were getting a
balanced picture of the United States.
However, when he first visited America, he
said, "I was surprised to find -poor white
people. Here in Holland we always thought
that poverty had only to do with black peo-
ple. We thought they were treated badly and
so they were poor. I saw that there were
white people who were poor too."
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We asked Hagerdorn whether Dutch tele-
vision criticized the United States-so often
because America is a capitalistic nation. "It
may also be," he replied, "because we have
problems in our country and it's very nice
to look at other people who also have prob-
lems."
Ratings are a deep secret in Holland, where
only a few top executives see the figures. The
most popular program most weeks is Peyton
Place. Next comes On the Buses, a British
situation comedy. American programs occupy
about 31 hours a week-some 18 per cent of
all television time. Among the programs are
Lucy, The Brady Bunch, Alias Smith and
Jones, Mission: Impossible, Bonanza and
Nancy.
Most of them have much higher ratings
than the current-events programs that em-
phasize a negative view of the United States.
Still, it is annoying and frustrating for an
American to see his country's faults exag-
gerated, or at least dwelled upon until they
overshadow our accomplishments.
J. William Middendorf, America's Ambas-
sador to the Netherlands, put It as diplomati-
cally as possible: "One of the trends I've
seen since I've been here has been a tend-
ency for quite a few television programs to
take America out of context. They show a
part of America that does exist, but to some-
one who doesn't have the shared experience
with America that those over 40 in the Neth-
erlands have had either during the war or
after it-to such an outsider selecting a few
programs about America without looking at
the over-all picture, he might get the im-
pression that America is made up of nothing
but illnesses. I would hope that there would
be more of a balance possible.
"I don't say this as a criticism of an of
Dutch television. I say this as a criticism
of a very small part of it. One tends to re-
member the few negatives-and the few
negatives do stick in your mind-at least
those that don't seem to be at all balanced."
The Ambassador said he was chiefly con-
cerned with the effect of these programs on
the younger generation in Holland who
might get the idea that America is just
"kind of a sick place."
American observers agree that the Dutch
people have a much more positive attitude
toward America than their television does.
One mitigating factor may be the fact that
the source of each critical program is known.
Says James Everett, an American public-re-
lations man who also is general manager of
an English-language newspaper distributed
in Benelux countries, "They tell you this
next program is presented by a leftist organi-
zation, so you sit back in your seat and can
discount it. Labeling prejudices tends to take
the sting out of them." The Dutch are used
to considering the source of the programs
they watch on television.
Not long ago one of Holland"s former lead-
ing industrialists, now a consultant well-
qualified to analyze socio-political condi-
tions, was commissioned to do a private re-
port on Dutch attitudes toward the United
States. Here are some of his comments:
"The [extreme radical] complex embraces
a very small section of the young people.
Their somewhat wanton anarchy is rejected
by most young people, but their sociocritical
ideas have become the common property of
the younger generation. Also older people
have been led to thought and have become
uncertain. Dismayed by overpopulation [Hol-
land is the most densely populated industrial
nation in the world], frustrated by a world-
wide moral and religious crisis, made radical
by their powerlessness in regard to all sorts
of problems, their own and international,
they are confronted evening-in and evening-
out by the often glib and emotional radical-
ism of the TV commentators....
"The virtues Inherent in social critcism
are at present the monopoly of the political
left in Holland (and in Europe). This means
that the leftist parties can find in the United
States an ideal target, a self-evident bogey,
directed at the maintenance of the estab-
lished position of institutions such as the
army, capitalism, big business, etc., and thus
opposed to renewal, anti-intellectual, violent,
against participation, etc.
"The illustrated self-criticism of the
United States which is obtainable every-
where supplies ample and damaging mate-
rial to strengthen this latter picture."
AN EVIL PLACE RuN BY EVIL MEN
(By Merrill Panitt)
Sweden has the most blatantly anti-Ameri-
can television this side of the Iron Curtain.
We were introduced to it one quiet Sunday
evening in Stockholm, when an English les-
son appeared on our hotel-room screen.
It featured a man, a boy and a sketchbook.
The man asked, "What is this?" and held
up a drawing of a pretty girl standing in
front of the Eiffel Tower. "That's easy," said
the boy. "She is French."
"What is this?"
Picture of a happy boy bundled up against
the snow. Background: the Kremlin. "That's
easy. He is Russian."
"What is this?"
Picture of a fat, ugly man chewing on a
huge cigar. He was wearing a big cowboy hat,
an aloha shirt, and shorts revealing hairy
legs. Draped from his shoulders were two
cameras.
"That's easy. He is American."
It is the contention of many of those work-
ing in Swedish television that the medium
should not just inform, it should educate
and mold public opinion, It is molding public
opinion against America.
Take educational television, directed to.
ward school children. Among the treats en-
joyed by first- to fifth-grade youngsters was
a two-part atrocity film from North Vietnam
showing the alleged results of American
bombing.
Recently geography books were distributed
to children to be used as texts for in-school
telecasts. The cover of the book on the Soviet
Union bears an Innocuous picture of the
Kremlin. The cover of the book on the United
States is a picture of unhappy black children
behind a fence.
"On Swedish television," says Lars Winburg
whose business takes him to the United
States on occasion, "America is an evil, place
run by evil men with evil intent."
News from America, bad enough usually
in its original form, is edited to make it
appear worse. Thus film footage.on the Selma,
Ala., march was edited to show only blacks
walking, and whites jeering from the side-
lines. There were no pictures of the whites
who joined in the march. In coverage of our
last national election only anti-Administra-
tion candidates were interviewed.
American civil-rights legislation is rarely,
if ever, mentioned. (School textbooks, printed
in 1960, don't cover the subject either.)
Dollar imperialism is one word, like damn-
yankee. Our technological and space achieve-
ments are shown, but commentators dwell
on the question of why is it that Americans
can go to the moon if they can't solve their
problems on earth.
The death of Whitney Young, head of the
National Urban League, went unnoticed on
Swedish television. So did the efforts of
NAACP director Roy Wilkins to combat efforts
by black separatists to have separate facili-
ties on college campuses. But Stokely Car-
michael is a fixture on Swedish television, and
the Black Panthers are given so much time
that. many Swedish people believe it is the
only American organization that speaks for
blacks.
When Ralph Abernathy, head of the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference,
arrived in Sweden and appeared at a press
conference, he was promptly labeled "Uncle
Tom." He told the reporters that to judge
from Swedish me J, the Black Panthers
were Black Americ . "Look," he said, "there
are more people a my Sunday sermon in
Atlanta than ther are Black Panthers in
all of the United Sates." No Swedish news-
paper, or television newscast, carried the
quote.
As for Angela Dais, it has long since been
concluded that she will be found guilty-if
the Americans bother to bring her to trial.
The Swedish plea i that she be given politi.
cal asylum outside he United States.
There is a mild j~ke about Sweden having
stereo television-t o channels on the left.
Actually, many pe pie refer to Channel 2
as the Red Channel. because it's not easy to
separate the news from the editorial com-
ments there, and hannel 2 has even more
of a tendency tha Channel 1 to edit news
to fit what the rren in the news depart-
ments like to believ.
Who are the m n In the news depart-
ments? According o a leading Channel 2
television produce who asked not to be
identified. "It is a floating, seemingly intel-
lectual, unreal peo le who are the basis for
recruitment into th . news department. They
are not only left, th y're professionally left-
slightly anarchistic
"I don't know ow the people here at
Channel 2 vote, bu I would say very many
of them are to the ft of the party in power
[which is left of nter]. I doubt that the
political pattern is presentative of the peo-
ple in general. If u have a conglomerate
of intellectual aid young-very, very
young-staff at Channel 2, it will stand
more to the left. at means that the atti-
tude toward Ameri a is not only based on
the Vietnam war bu it reaches a little deeper
to the fact that merica is a capitalistic
country."
Sweden is a welfare state, with the state
owning transportati n, communications and
the nation's largest iron mine. Other busi-
neses operate unde the private-enterprise
system. Taxes are a tremely high. A. family
man earning $10,0011 a year must pay more
than $4,000 in taxes to support state health,
education, pension housing subsidy and
other welfare measures. While many neces-
sities of life are covered by welfare, the aver-
age family can afford meat only once a week.
There is concern i the government about
"tax fatigue."
Sweden, incidentally, is experiencing unem-
ployment and infl tion problems. Taking
into account thou ands of people work-
ing on emergency vernment projects, the
total unemployed Sure pins to about 3.1
per cent of the 3. million working force,
which is critically hi h by Swedish standards.
-Television is goy nment chartered, with
each set owner paying a license fee of $40
a year. For this he as two channels of tele-
vision on the air each evening and educa-
tional television for this children during the
day. .
The preoccupation) with what is going on in
America, and what Americo, is doing wrong
in international rel tions, is almost to be
expected. There are ight million Swedes in
Sweden, about 12 ml.llion people of Swedish
descent in the United States. Over a period
of 50 years, about a quarter of Sweden's pop-
ulation emigrated to America. And the
Swedes themselves toast. "We are the most
American nation o side of America."
Dr. Leif Carlsson, leading political com-
mentator and head Of the cultural depart-
ment of the news r Svenska Dagbladet, is
also a member of the Royal Control Board of
the Swedish Broadc sting Corporation. We
asked him whether the Swedish people were
getting a balanced picture of the United
States through then television. His reply:
"Not quite, I'm afraid."
In straight news, s ch as a speech by Pres-
ident Nixon, he said, the people usually do
get objective news. I
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"In one certain sense, however," he said,
"the picture is unbalanced. Some phenomena
in American life have been stressed out of
all proportion--such as the Black Panther
party, the black-power movement, even the
antiwar movement. If the Swedish public
were to create their picture of the American
social scene in its broadest sense from Swed-
ish television-as of course the Swedish
public must do in most cases-there is a risk
that they must overlook the central fact that
there are important developments in the
United States other than the Black Panther
party, that there are indeed political thinkers
other than Eldridge Cleaver.
"My fundamental impression," he said, "is
that these extreme and marginal phenome-
na-important as they are-are given in
Swedish television a role out of all proportion
to what they in reality are."
Dr. Carlsson said some of his personal
friends who are television producers have
radical leanings and would be proud to ad-
mit it--especially the young ones, and there
are a great many young ones.
"I have the impression," he said, "that
there is emerging a new type of TV journal-
ists, who have the honest and honorable
conviction that it is their duty to do the
good thing, the head the good forces of the
world. To knock the United States. To play
Americans down and help what they regard
as the true cause of the American people,
the American people being more or less un-
consciously identified with the black com-
munity of the United States and the student
population. They are presenting what I re-
gard as a distorted picture of the United
States but of course they regard it as a true
picture of the United States. They present
this obviously distorted picture because out
of very serious convictions they think that
this is the right thing to do."
It is also the right 'thing to do, by their
standards, to offer viewers a three-part prop-
aganda series from Cuba, propaganda films
from North Korea and North Vietnam, even
material from the Argentine underground.
The Soviet Union, on Swedish television, is
pictured as an essentially peaceful nation,
with such episodes as the marches into Hun-
gary and Czechoslovakia classified as "ex-
ceptions." In contradiction to this picture,
the Soviet Union is, however, attacked vig-
orously.on these "exceptions," as well as on
its lack of intellectual freedom, treatment of
the Jews and persecution of writers such as
Solzhenitsyn. Other members of the Soviet
bloc come in for criticism too on matters of
personal and intellectual freedom.
Still, if anyone kept score, the U.S. would
undoubtedly win the "most often criticized
by the Swedes" prize.
Journalists in Sweden are protected by a
press law which forbids interference with
their creative efforts. An American reporter
told us that the worst job in the country
must be that of a managing editor: "He can't
manage because of the labor laws. [It's al-
most impossible to fire anyone.] And he can't
edit because of the press laws."
These laws also apply to television, and
one television director sued the director gen-
eral of Swedish broadcasting because some
scenes had been cut out of one of his pro-
grams. The film director won the case in a
lower court, but much to the relief of broad-
casting executives, a higher court reversed
the decision.
By law, television programs must be "Im-
partial." Hakan Unsgaard, the head of Chan-
nel 1, cited this law several times when we
questioned him as to whether he thought
Swedish television was being fair to the
United States. In effect he said it was fair
because the law said it had to be.
He made much of the fact that they get
most of their material about the United
States from American networks. If there is
more emphasis on problems than anything
else, that is perfectly natural in news cov-
erage, he said.
Unsgaard is a, member of a group that
supervises the journalism school in Stock-
holm. "Within the last two or three years,"
he said, "graduates of the school have had
the idea that they not only have to describe
what's happening in the old who, what, when,
where, why tradition, but they also have
an ambition to change the society by their
writing."
He also made the point that there is an
interaction among the various media. "You
have in the Swedish press and radio and in
books, the debate about the United States,
especially about the United States in Viet-
nam. That, of course, is also reflected in
Swedish television programs. If the press
is critical of America, television is likely
to be."
The press is critical of America. It is al-
most a competition to see who can paint
the most unfavorable picture.
There was the celebrated case of Glanton
Dowdell, an American black who jumped bail
on savings-bond forgery charges and fled to
Sweden. There he became a public hero on
television and in the press by claiming that
he was being persecuted because he was a
labor leader and that he would be killed if
he returned to the United States. An Amer-
ican attempt to extradite him failed, Finally
a Swedish paper sent a reporter to Detroit
was no labor leader, that he had a long police
record that his story was rediculous. The
paper printed the facts, but it might just as
well not have because it kept right on refer-
ring to Dowdell as, a labor leader who was
being persecuted by the United States.
An American took the paper's editor to
lunch and asked why, If Dowdell had been
proved a fraud, he still was being described
in news stories.as a persecuted labor leader.
"Because," he replied, "any editor who did
not handle the stories that way would lose
his credentials as a radical in the Stockholm
journalistic "community."
The American expressed amazement. "Are
you saying to me that it's more important
to you as a journalist and editor to be con-
sidered a good radical than to be correct in
what you print?"
Answer: "Yes."
This kind of thinking is difficult for most
Americans living in Sweden to understand.
Some of them call television stations after
particularly insulting and inaccurate pro-
grams and try to set the record straight. They
find few people interested in facts.
"If this country were to be a book," one
exasperated observer said, "it would have to
be written by Lewis Carroll or Joseph Heller.
It's all either 'Alice in Wonderland' or 'Catch
22'."
Oddly enough, polls show that there still
is a great reservoir of good will toward
America in Sweden. Asked where they would
want to live if they had to leave Sweden,
more Swedes picked the United States than
any other country. But there is, perhaps,
something ominous in the fact that a larger
percentage of Swedes over 25 than under
25 wanted to live in the United States. Tele-
vision may be having its effect on young
people.
At least that is the contention of many
Americans in Stockholm. One, Gunnar Ras-
mussen. who heads Pan Am Airways in
Sweden, says he has seen a change in attitude
toward him and his family, since the current
anti-America kick started in about 1966.
"I'm certain this television propaganda is
having a big influence in changing their
opinion of America," he said. "Over the 11
years I've been here I have seen the change.
And the opinion that some of the youngsters
have of us is absolutely unbelievable."
James Everett, an American public rela-
tions man, spent a number of years in
Sweden, where his two teen-age daughters
were happy that they spoke the language so
well they could pass as Swedes in school.
"They were almost ashamed of being Ameri-
can," Everett said. "To be an American in
S8471
Sweden, living in a Swedish environment, is
like being a Negro in a WASP community.
That may be a bit harsh, but you do have
that feeling there."
The problem is a serious one. American
Ambassador Jerome H. Holland does a great
deal of traveling and speaking around
Sweden and is considered by Americans there
to be our strongest asset in countering the
leftist propaganda. But because this bril-
liant diplomat is black and holds high gov-
ernment office, he frequently is accused by
the leftists of being an "Uncle Tom." Be
scored well in two television appearances
(Swedish TV felt it had to balance those
appearances later by running what amounted
to a Soviet bloc documentary-film festival),
but the job of restoring American prestige
will be long and difficult-especially among
the young who have neither close familial
ties with America nor personal knowledge of
America's role in two European wars.
We were told that things are not as bad
now as they were before the major with-
drawals of American troops from Indo-China.
We were told that Sweden's unemployment
and inflation problems were centering the
attention of the media more and more on
her own problems rather than those of the
United States. We were told that we had ar-
rived during National Vietnam Week (Slo-
gan: "Get U.S. out of Vietnam") and that it
was an unusually mild one-only three or
four television programs on the subject dur-
ing the entire week.
It is good to be told that America is being
treated more kindly these days on Swedish
television. But to these eyes there still seems
to be quite a way to go before anything re-
sembling balance is achieved.
To LET EUROPE SEE US AS WE ARE
(By Merrill Panitt)
Anti-Americanism is a fact of life in Eu-
rope. The bias is quite evident on television
and there is little doubt that presenting a
negative picture of America is a labor of love
for young leftists with access to the medium.
According to Jean-Francois Revel, the mid-
dle-of-the-road socialist whose "Without
Marx or Jesus" proposes new guidelines for
leftist thinking, there are two varieties of
anti-Americanism and both of them share a
single function: to explain failure.
"For the anti-American of the right, the de-
cline of his own country has been caused by
the inordinate increase of American power;
that increase has been made possible by the
decline of the other great powers. For the
anti-American of the left, the absence, or the
failure, of socialist revolutions is what must
be explained, and the invention of a foreign
scapegoat provides a much-needed balm for
the ego of the left, which has been bruised by
so many defeats and betrayals. American 'im-
perialism,' therefore, is as good an excuse for
disappointed socialism as for frustrated na-
tionalism."
According to Donald Wayne, an American
editor now in London writing a book on Eu-
ropean anti-Americanism, it is no new
phenomenon. He says one of the worst periods
was in the 1920s, when Europeans thought of
us as a predatory people who invented Prohi-
bition and gangsterism, made money out of
World War I, and then tried to collect our war
debts.
"The only Americans they saw were tour-
ists," Wayne says, "and the tourists came over
here and misbehaved. The attitude of the Eu-
ropeans was: 'Look at these people. They
have no culture, they're barbarians, and they
have everything. And look at us. We have
culture, we have status, we have background
and we have nothing'."
During World War II, Wayne says, Amer-
ican GIs were resented because they didn't
belong and didn't want to be in Europe. In
England, during that war, the British had a
saying that the Americans had three faults:
"They're overpaid, oversexed and over here."
Now, says Wayne Europeans feel that
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for him-or it won't be done. Only good news
is released, and, we were told by a number
of news chiefs, even that comes In so late as
to be useless.
Yet the Russians are losing ground among
leftists, chiefly because they do not dare to
turn their cameras-and permit foreign
newsmen to turn their cameras-on every
facet of what is happening in the Soviet
Union. If their system Is superior to that of
the Americans, the young leftists are asking,
why don't they let us see it as the Americans
let us see theirs?
And cameras or no, wall of silence or no,
the bad news seeps out. The Soviet economy
is a shambles, production is shaky, creative
thought is stifled. Today's young leftists in
Europe are not satisfied with theory. They
want to see practical application of theory-
and in the case of the Soviet bloc today, the
theory of communism is not working well. All
this deosn't make the young European leftists
like America more than the Soviet Union,
but it does make them respect our country
more.
What appears to be our great weakness
abroad-continued publicity about America's
troubles-has turned out to be our strongest
asset. No matter how loudly or how often
American dissidents shout on European tele-
vision about loss of freedom in the United
States, the newscasts every evening prove
they are wrong. Our freedom of information
is real and apparent, and the point is driven
home every time an American demonstration
appears on a European screen, every time a
Presidential hopeful condemns the Adniin-
istration.
Like most Americans. we have wondered
about all the downbeat news featured on the
evening newscasts. We have been concerned
about the effect of all this negative informa-
tion on our own people and on people abroad
who might see it-especially people who are
not accustomed to American-style self-critic-
ism in their own journalists' treatment of
their own countries' problems.
There obviously is no simple answer. But
we do know that in America, television ex-
posure of black demands for equality have-
at very least-contributed to the tremend-
ous strides toward equality made by black
Americans during the past decade. Television
brought us student demonstrations for par-
ticipation in college administrations. At least
some of those demands have -been satisfied.
Television coverage of the war in Vietnam
undoubtedly influenced our entire Nation's
attitude toward that war. And it is evident
that television exposure of the dangers of
pollution helped bring about government ac-
tion to curb pollution.
Thus, whip it is not pleasant to look at
bad news-and all the subjects mentioned
above appeared on our screens as bad news-
tne broadcasting of that news does help bring
about change. The ability to change is one
of the basic strengths of our democracy. Tele-
vision speeds change.
As for the effect of our bad news on Fn-
roreans, we have recently discussed the sub-
lect in detail with Americans overseas and
with executives in charrre of television news
In Britain, Sweden, Holland, Belgium and
Ere nee. And we are more than ever convinced
that daily proof of our freedom of informa-
tion annearing on European screens-in con-
trast to Soviet censorshin-is definitely help-
inc to reduce Soviet influence there.
All this does not make us any more popu-
lar in Europe, nor does it convince the young
leftists on television that our system is to be
admired, but it does make them shrug in
resignation when one asks about Russia, and
it does bring the statement from many of
them that "Russia is hopeless." As a result
they turn to other brands of socialism as
practiced by Mao and Tito, to the philosophy
of Marcuse, or even to the new leftist theory
that the working man has made more prog-
ress in America than anywhere else and that
the freedom, the culture and the technologi-
cal ability of Am rica make It the only pos-
sible place where a socialist world revolution
could begin. .
The anti-Americanism evident on televi-
sion In some countries, the criticism of Amer-
ica evident in oth irs, is a cause for concern,
we were informed, at the "highest levels of
our Government.'? Only on Swedish televi-
sion does there appear to be real animosity
toward the United States. In the other
countries we visit(d, there were varying de-
grees of bias shown-frequently in some
places, rarely in. others. But the inescapable
fact is that in eac country there are a great
many leftists in levision who, even if they
don't like Russia, dbhor capitalism and want
to show America in the poorest possible light.
So far, at least, this leftist sentiment in
television news departments does not repre-
sent the thinking of the majority of viewers
In those countries"
It is important !that these viewers respect
the United Stated. One cannot hope, con-
sidering the fact o$ the Vietnam war and the
international moves we have hadto make to
strengthen our economy, that Europeans
would love us be pro-American. Anti-
America is in economic trouble because of the
Vietnam war and we expect Europe to help
pay the bills for it. Among other things, they
also blame us for the hippies who invaded Eu-
rope and the drug problem they now face.
Whatever the causes, the effect is criticism
of America and Americans in all media, and
especially on television, where young leftists
find various means of spotlighting our real
and imagined failings. We are also the vic-
tims of what Joseph Luns, former foreign
minister of the Netherlands and now chief
of NATO, describes as "selective indignation."
Somehow, he says, "people get terribly excited
about a Greek soldier putting a bomb under
the car of his commander and feel he
shouldn't be executed, but the fact that 110
young people have been murdered at the
Berlin wall by the GDR [German Democratic
Republic] apparently makes no impression.
No attention is paid when China wipes out
an independent country, while the Free An-
gola Committee looks under every stone and
sometimes under nonexistent stones."
There is a definite tendency, we were told
by news chiefs in Britain, Sweden, Holland,
Belgium and France, for young people who
espouse leftist political causes to go into
television news. Many of them feel it is their
mission to educate as well as Inform their
viewers, and, America being capitalistic, some
of the "education" takes the form of dis-
crediting America.
Certainly they do not have to look far for
material that shows this country In a bad
light. Film from American network news-
casts-of antiwar demonstrations, racial dis-
orders, strikes, every one of America's prob-
lems-ls available throughout Europe by
plane or satellite on a daily basis. That is the
nature of news. "The wane thing is true of
us," says Ray Scherer, NBC's London cor-
respondent. "We cover Northern Ireland, and
the stuff that gets on the air is the rough
stuff. If there's something fairly peaceful or
something that involves their Parliament, it's
hard to get it on. We try, but it's hard to get
it on." Good news is no news.
Then, too, there are the network public-
affairs programs that analyze America's trou-
bles for American viewers. These are offered
for sale abroad. On foreign screens, far from
the daily routine of normal life in America,
viewed by eyes that cannot possibly place
those problems in an accurate perspective,
these programs spotlight an America in the
throes of dissent and confusion.
A case in point is the Vietnam war, seen on
European screens just as it was here-filmed
by American network teams for American
audiences personally concerned with what
American soldiers, their sons, were doing.
Only rarely did European television organi-
zations feelIt necessary to assume the ex-
pense and trouble of sending their own cam-
era teams to Vietnam to film the war from
the persepective of non-participating Eu-
ro neans.
Americans, Influenced largely, we believe,
by what they saw on television, eventually
turned against the war. But until relatively
recently, Gallup polls showed more than half
of the American people supporting it. Euro-
peans saw and were influenced by the same
coverage, but they were not involved in the
controversy-the two-sided controversy-
ovu_-~r the war that was raging in America.
When ani.iwar demonstrations started, Euro-
peans were first puzzled, then angered, over
our continued presence in Vietnam.
in sharp contrast to our continuing com-
pulsion to tell the world all that is happen-
in America, the Russians maintain a wall
of silence. It is all but impossible for Eu-
r_ . can broadcasters to obtain spot-news
footage from the Soviet Union or the Soviet
bloc. Documentaries that present anything
Lut wildly laudatory descriptions of life and
production under Communism are unavail-
abe. If a broadcaster wants to cover an aspect
of the Soviet Union, the Russians will do it
Americanism, ace
runs too deep for
reasons why it is t
)rding to many experts,
that. But there are good
esirable that they respect
us.
International relations once were based
entirely upon military and economic require-
ments. Diplomats conducted their negotia-
tions in private on !,the basis of those require-
ments. This is no longer possible. A new
requirement-public attitude-has been
added. Sometimes It is possible for leaders
to manipulate thel public attitude--but not
always.
It might have been advantageous to open
relations with mainland China five or 10
ready. Its attitude
continued to oppc
American public was not
was such that our leaders
e China's entry into the
Visits by Soviet 'eaders Brezhnev and Ko-
sygin to other cou tries have as one of their
purposes the fostering of good will among
the people of thus countries.
Certainly it mak s it easier for us to nego-
tiate with the lead of a country if he knows
his people are favorably disposed toward
us----or that they a least respect us.
Today television as the most pervasive
communications odium, can be used as a
tool for creating o destroying good will to-
ward the United States. It may be that
American entertainment programs seen on
'European televisida are helping us. Our
travel and antipoll tion documentaries cer-
tainly show up on tf ie positive side.
The United States Information Agency
offers what it termt "facilitative assistance"
to European TV eainera teams interested in
positive aspects of America. In the case of
countries with meer television budgets, we
sometimes offer all monetary grants to
help them cover medical research,
engineering develo?ments or whatever sub-
ject interests then)). The budget for this is
small, however, anki not too much can be
done.
Perhaps the most important result of this
program is to ?live foreign television news
specialists an oppox unity to see the United
States for themselves, to observe at first hand
the America they hive been talking about on
TV. To many it is a kevelatlon. On the whole,
European news an public-affairs specialists
go back home aft. visiting America with a
much more balance picture of our country.
And they are mor likely to present their
viewers with a more balanced picture.
The USIA also prc}iuces some film for tele-
vision which its offices overseas offer without
charge to European television broadcasters.
By far the most effective material available
to Europeans is in the form of network pub-
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experience real fear about what they will find
there.
"Imagine," they say, "what effect this dis-
torted picture has on Europeans who have no
frame of reference, no background of life in
America to balance what they see on tele-
vision."
More important, perhaps, imagine a future
in which our leaders must deal with a new
generation of European leaders conditioned
to believe that our system is no longer viable,
our national morality is despicable and our
people are disunited.
The picture is not entirely black. Our
comedy and variety-entertainment shows
picture a happier America, and our Western
shoot-'em ups, are generally accepted as pure
fiction-even if there is some doubt about
crime programs. (A Polish television execu-
tive, it is reported, was taken to task for not
being anti-American enough. He promptly
satisfied his bosses by scheduling The Un-
touchables.)
There are also such inescapable news events
as the Apollo flights wich present America
and its society in a more favorable light.
Finally, there are signs that In a few coun-
tries, at least, those in control of television
realize that they may have gone too far-or
permitted their subordinates to go too far-
in presenting a malignant view of the United
States. Now and then there are efforts to
counter the preponderance of negative news
and current-affairs programs by showing
positive aspects of the apparently ailing
colossus across the Atlantic.
In the past two and a half years, Ameri-
cans in France have witnessed a near about-
face in television's once venomous attitude
toward their country. But they still were
pleasantly surprised recently when a news-
caster discounted a tirade about American
injustice from Angela Davis's sister, Fania,
by carefully pointing out that Angela Davis
has so far been extended every possible right
provided by the United States Constitution.
That sort of balance is certainly an excep-
tion in Europe today. And the reality of tele-
vision news and current affairs abroad is such
that even if there were a conscious effort on
the part of television officials to be fair to
the United States-and we cannot find too
much evidence of that-it wopild be extreme-
ly difficult to do so. Here are some of the
reasons:
1. Much of the American news that reaches
European television screens is bad news. Ed
Murrow said, "Good news is no news." A
Dutch television executive prefers: "When
the garbage is collected it isn't news." What-
ever definition one chooses-or invents-the
fact remains that unless an event or hap-
lie-affairs shows and. documentaries which
are offered for sale abroad by the networks.
Some of these treat American problems--
"The Selling of the Pentagon," "Hunger in
America," specials on the Attica prison riot,
and similar programs. The networks also
turn out many positive programs, but in most
cases it is the negative ones that make the
best programming because they are newsy
and controversial. It is therefore easier to
sell the negative ones to foreing broadcasters
whose budgets permit them to buy only a
few programs from our networks.
Suggestions have been offered on how to
make the more positive network public-af-
fairs programs available to European tele-
vision. One is to provide USIA with sufficient
funds to buy foreign television rights to a
number of American network public-affairs
programs. The film then could be made avail-
able as complete programs or as source ma-
terial, segments of which could be used in
programs produced by Europeans.
Another suggestion is to provide some sort
of tax relief for the networks if they would
agree to turn over foreign rights to at least
some of their public-affairs shows to the
USIA.
Certainly some means must be found to
provide positive programming about America
to European broadcasters without charge.
The advantage of using network programs Is
that they would be free of any stigma of
propaganda.
American companies with major invest-
ments in Europe might also consider the wis-
dom of sponsoring documentaries about
America for use on our own networks and
for distribution overseas without charge. Bell
Telephone did this with a program titled "It
Couldn't Be Done," which has been seen in
some 129 countries, to good effect. If a pro-
gram is interesting enough to be shown on
American television first, it is less likely to
be considered propaganda by foreign broad-
casters.
It goes without saying that bad news is
unfortunate, as are programs that reveal
negative aspects of our country. But for our
own good, for the sake of our own change and
progress, we must continue to examine and
criticize our faults. And we cannot, even if
we would, prevent this negative information
from going overseas for it is shining proof
of our freedom, of our desire to change and
to improve our society.
All we can hope to do is to present a more
balanced picture. To make certain that the
positive is shown along with the negative.
To let Europe see us as we really are.
AMERICA OUT OF Focus: HOW-AND WHY-
EUROPEAN TELEVISION DISTORTS OUR IMAGE
(By Merrill Panitt)
As seen in television news and current-
affairs programs in much of Europe, the
United States of America is a horrifying
country.
It is seen as imperialistic and warlike, bent
on dominating Southeast Asia and. the
emerging countries of Africa, which it is pre-
paring to exploit.
It is described as a place where blacks live
in near-slavery, despite the admirable efforts
of the only organization that represents
them-the much-persecuted Black Panthers.
It is alleged to be plagued with poverty be-
cause capitalists want it that way. The threat
of poverty helps them exploit workers.
It is pictured as forcing millions of young
people, concerned about Vietnam, crime and
pollution, to turn to hard drugs. .
It is projected as a corrupt, dangerous
place where walking on the streets-any-
where and everywhere-is an invitation to
be robbed and/or murdered.
The impact of all this on viewers is so
strong, so pervasive, that even loyal Ameri-
cans working abroad confess that each time
they are scheduled to go home on leave they
pening Is unusual, it isn't news. And more
often than not, an unusual event means bad
news.
American journalism has a muck-raking
tradition. More than any other people, we
dote on self-criticism. Our television, our
newspapers, our literature, our art, all reveal
the nature of our discontent with the way
things are. Whether this self-criticism is a
major factor or a minor one in America's
growth and power is a subject for philoso-
phers to determine. Certainly, however, it
has not hampered our progress.
While there is some self-criticism in Euro-
pean countries, nowhere is it such a basic
characteristic of journalism as in the United
States. Nowhere is muckraking 'present to
the degree it is in American journalism. Our
television news programs, like our news-
papers, are concerned with what Is wrong
with our government structure, our leaders,
our prisons, schools, roads, automobiles, race
relations, traffic systems, pollution laws-
every facet of our society. In Europe, there
is much less emphasis on exposing what is
wrong, much more satisfaction with the
status quo.
The difference between a French journalist
and an American journalist, it has been said,
is this: the American will dig up a scandal,
write the story, and print it. The French
journalist will dig up the story and tell you
about it over dinner.
Not long ago French Premier Chaban-
Delmas made a walking tour of Nanterre, a
deplorable slum bordering Neuilly, one of
Paris's most exclusive and expensive suburbs.
The hovels of Nanterre are made of discarded
oil cans, and the inhabitants, most of them
foreign laborers, cook their meager meals
over open fires. Journalists made a big thing
of the Prime Minister's visit and his state-
ment that something had to be done. But
there was little mention of the slum until
the Prime Minister's visit. He made it news-
really news, because unlike America, whree
politicians seek out troubled areas, Europe-
ans prefer to find unhappiness farther from
home.
While American newsmen dig for trouble
and bring it to the attention of the public,
European newsmen are more likely to confine
their reporting to what has happened. Be-
cause European viewers are not conditioned
to a great deal of self-criticism in their own
countries, American self-criticism-always
evident on their screens-has great impact .
on them. To them, America is a morass of
unsolvable problems, whereas their own
countries-according to the same channels
that dwell on American troubles-are rela-
tively trouble-free. A little unemployment
here and there, growing resentment against
laborers imported from Portugal, Turkey and
Northern Africa, some difficulty over rising
taxes, but generally all is well.
2. Europeans are avidly interested in news
of America. In the five countries we recently
visited-England, Sweden, the Netherlands,
Belgium and France-interest in America
was exceeded only by each country's own
national news.
This is understandable. America is where
the action is. Decisions affecting the peace
of the world are made here, as are decisions
involving world trade. Our music is inter-
national, as is our literature, our dance, our
art. Technological advances, more often than
not, originate in America.
So do troubles. Pollution is certainly
nothing new to Europe, whose rivers have
turned up millions of dead fish at various
times throughout the past couple of cen-
turies, and whose cities are just as smoggy
as ours. But our communications media
started talking-and worrying-about pol-
lution before the European media did.
Whether it be pollution, racial strife, stu-
dent unrest, crowded roads, technological
unemployment or anything else, Europeans
see in the news of American woes a portent
of many of the very problems that will be
affecting them in a few months or a few
years.
America, too, is the bulwark against the
Russians. She came to Europe's aid twice in
major wars and can surely be counted on to
do so again if the need should' arise. Many
believe that General de Gaulle pulled France
out of NATO because he was absolutely cer-
tain that in the event of trouble, the United
States would have to come to France's aid-
whether France was in or out of NATO. That
left De Gaulle free to play a lone hand in
world politics and build his own armed forces
any way he wanted to.
After World War II the United States
played a major part in the rebuilding of
Europe. American taxpayers paid for some $9
billion in nonmilitary foreign aid in just the
five countries we visited.
What happens in America, then, and what
happens to America, are of vital interest to
Europeans. That is why their television car-
ries much more news of the United States
than any other foreign country.
3. Most of what appears on European tele-
vision about the United States originates at
ABC, CBS, NBC or PBS. A few countries
maintain permanent correspondents In
Washington and New York who are on hand
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to cover the top news events and to offer
commentary. Occasionally special camera
teams are sent to the United States to do
specific programs. But day in and day out,
the bulk of American material for European
evening news programs comes from our net-
works and is delivered by plane or by satel-
lite. Network current-events programming-
from "The Selling of the Pentagon" and
"Hunger in America" to "Who Invited Us?"
and "Attica"-appears either in original
hour-long form or as film segments of Euro-
pean programs.
In Holland, for example, film from "Who
Invited Us?" the controversial PBS docu-
mentary on American incursions into other
countries, was used in a program titled
"America the Beautiful." A Dutch televisor
magazine ran this description of it: "Clips
from film archives, quotes from politicians,
authors and military men. Fragments of
movies and TV commercials telling the story
of the myth and the reality of 'God's own
country' which is always the subject of ad-
miration, disgust, illusions, dreams and
nightmares in ever-changing form. Genocide
and slavery were the roots of America's
riches. Poverty is nowhere as aching as it is
in America."
What we consider to be a story of interest
only to Americans on tonight's network
newscast will, if it's big enough or exciting
enough, usually turn up on the air in a
dozen European countries later tonight or
perhaps tomorrow. Whether it be an anti-
war demonstration, a prison riot, a politi-
cian's attack on the Administration or any
other news-and it's generally bad or it
wouldn't be news-the film will appear.
Seen by foreigners, it will be out of context,
free of the balance and perspective pro-
vided by living in America and knowing
what normal life here actually is.
In the words of Pierre Desgraupes, chief
of news and current-affairs programming at
the largest of the two French networks, we
Americans are the "victims of our own vir-
tue." It is our cherished-and greatly en-
vied-freedom of information that may be
exaggerating our troubles in the eyes of
many Europeans, leading them to believe we
are a nation on the brink of disaster.
But while it may make us its victims,
this virtue also is our most effective weapon
against the Soviet Union in European com-
munications. Even the most hitter critics
of America throw up their hands in disgust
at the rigid control of news exercised by the
Russians. Newscasters describing an Apollo
launch take delight in pointing out that
the Soviets release censored film or tape on
a launch only after it has gone off success-
fully, while the Americans permit live
coverage.
Asked why they don't run as much ma-
terial about the Soviet Union as they do
about America, European news chiefs reply
that it's impossible, the Russians insist up-
on supervising all filming, and that is un-
acceptable to the news chiefs. As for what
the Russians themselves offer, it's mostly
parades and events of little news value.
The contrast between the American and
Russian approaches to news is evident on
European television. Despite the image dis-
tortion inherent in revealing-out of con-
text-our most critical problems to the
world, nothing stands out more clearly and
more lastingly than American freedom of
information. This, we were told by televi-
sion news executives in each country we
visited, is our strongest asset.
Whether this is an intellectual exercise
or not remains to be seen. Is the message
of the freedom of our communications media
enough to outweigh the detailing of Amer-
ica's problems night after night on Eu-
ropean television? The answer may be in
the fact that even though they are thor-
oughly familiar with all that is wrong with
America, the great majority of Europeans,
young and old, keep insisting in public-
opinion polls that, given their choice of
any country other than their own, they
would prefer to live in the United States.
4. The final reason why balance and
fairness in treatment of America is all but
impossible today in the countries we visited
is the political thinking of the men en-
gaged in television news and current-events
programming there.
There is a tendency for young people to
hold political views further to the left than
those of the majority of a country's voters,
There also Is a tendency for those interested
in communications arts---dramna, literature,
painting, television, news-to hold political
views further to the left than those of the
majority of a country's voters.
In Britain, France, Sweden, Holland and
Belgium, young people are in the majority
in television news and current-affairs de-
partments. Most of them lean to the left.
They freely admit this as do their supe-
riors.
"Left" can mean anything from a middle-
of-the-road member of the Socialist Party to
Communist, Maoist or anarchist. Whatever
their beliefs, the United States represents
many of the things-they like least-capital-
ism, the war in Vietnam, racial unrest.
They are not particularly happy with
what's going on in their own countries-or
in the Soviet Union, for that matter--but
for one reason or another it is usually easier,
and safer, to criticize the Usited States.
Obviously there is less difficulty in analyz-
ing someone else's faults than one's own.
For years we told the British how to solve
their colonial problems. Only a few weeks
ago Sen. Ted Kennedy informed them that
they ought to withdraw from Northern Ire-
land. The further away a problem is, and the
less we know about it, the easier it is to
solve.
It probably would not be fair, in the case
of most of the live countries we visited, to
describe television news and current-events
criticism of the United States as clearly in-
tentional anti-Americanism. But slanted
documentaries, one-sided film editing, edi-
torial asides during news programs, ridicule,
half-truths and outright lies are evidence of
at least a bias against America.
The form of bias is different, as is its in-
tensity, in each of the five countries. In
France, it was just barely evident, a far
different situation from the one that ob-
tained at the height of the De Gaulle re-
gime. After France, in order of increasing
bias against America on television, we
would list Belgium, the United Kingdom,
the Netherlands and-most biased of all-
Sweden.
We have listed four major reasons why it
would be difficult for European television
news and current-affairs programs to present
a completely well-balanced picture of
America to their viewers. Difficult or not, it
could be done. At least there might he a
more equitable balance between the positive
and negative aspects of the United States if
more European television executives were
inclined to make an effort in that direction.
Some of this bias is, perhaps, understand-
able. We are big and rich and strong. We have
undoubtedly made some mistakes in our
international relations, as have most na-
tions. But our mistakes receive more atten-
tion than theirs. Now we seem to Europeans
to be getting our comeuppance in Vietnam
and in our economic situation. It is always
satifying to see the big fellow in trouble.
Dwelling on his troubles-out of frequently
proclaimed friendship-makes interesting
television.
But some of the bitterness evidenced on
home screens in the countries we visited
could have serious consequences. A genera-
tion brought up on television programming
that presents a distorted picture of the Unit-
ed States could cause serious trouble in the
future. Public pinion today is a tremend-
ously importan factor in the conduct of
foreign affairs, p rhaps as important as mili-
tary and economic considerations.
That is why bas shown against the Unit-
ed States on European television, a medium
of unequaled otional Impact upon its
audience, is cau ing serious concern in the
highest circles o the American Government.
The PRESI5ING OFFICER. Who
yields time? I
Mr. FULBR GHT. Mr. President, I
yield myself 5 linutes.
The PRESID G OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Arkansas is recognized for 5
minutes.
Mr. FULBRI 7111T. Mr. President, the
pending amend ent would put the Sen-
ate on record saying: "Yes, we think
it is perfectly proper for the U.S. In-
formation Age 'y to serve as the mouth-
piece of forei n governments and to
propagandize foreigners in the name of,
and on behalf f, private corporations."
In this fiscal year the USIA admits to
a budget of nearly $2 million. for pro-
paganda aid t the Thieu government.
And I suspect that this is only a small
fraction of th total cost. If Senators
want the United States to continue to be
the mouthpiece for General Thieu's gov-
ernment or any; other government, they
should vote for this amendment. If Sen-
ators think the United States should let
other governments speak for themselves
to its own p ople, they should vote
against the ame ldment.
The members; of the Foreign Relations
Committee do not believe that our Gov-
ernment should be the handmaiden of
every foreign I government and U.S.
corporation ope ating overseas by under-
writing their p opaganda for their own
people.
The provision approved by the com-
mittee, which the Senator from Tennes-
see's amendment would strike, simply
says that no G vement agency shall,
without specific authorization:
First. Prepay or disseminate propa-
ganda for, on behalf of, or in the name
of, a foreign government; or
Second. Prepare information for distri-
bution abroad unless it bears the name of
the agency involved.
How, may I a k, does the Senator from
Tennessee's co cept of the proper role
for the USIA a )road fit in with the so-
called Nixon doctrine? Somehow, while
I never have hi d a clear explanation of
the Nixon doc rine, I thought it had
something to d with becoming less in-
volved in the affairs of other nations,
especially internal affairs. This involve-
ment of turning) out propaganda for for-
eign governments or under the impri-
matur of U.S. corporations, is nowhere
authorized in thE! Smith-Mundt Act. And
I believe that the authors of this basic
statute would bi the first to protest the
perversion of h act, if they were here
with us. The coi ttee provision, which
the amendment proposes to delete, serves
to have our ov rseas information pro-
gram devote its original purpose of tell-
ing the truth a ut the United States.
The kind of actices, that were never
contemplated ullider the Smith-Mundt
Act and have seen revealed in recent
years, are broadly described in the com-
mittee report:
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In recent years the Committee was warned
of U.S.' Government agencies:
Preparing informational materials which
have been attributed to foreign governments,
such as in the case of Vietnam and Laos;
Funding by the Government of Radio Free
Europe and Radio Liberty with no attribu-
tion to the U.S. Government;
Distributing general propaganda materials
without attribution to the Government, as
in the case of the comic book, "El Desen-
gafio," dealing with urban terrorism, and dis-
tributed throughout Latin America; and
Preparing for and attributing informa-
tional materials to private U.S. companies
overseas, such as in the case of an investment
brochure recently prepared for and attributed
to Texaco-Gulf in Ecuador.
I continue to quote from the report:
These practices are deceptive and serve to
undermine the basic tenets of the Informa-
tion and Educational Exchange Act of 1948-
an Act whose fundamental purpose was and
still ought to be to inform the people of other
countries about the United States.
The examples of unattributed material pre-
pared by this or that Federal agency, of covert
funding of radio broadcasts to Eastern Europe
and the Soviet Union, of propaganda pre-
pared by a Government agency and then at-
tributed to a foreign government-all of this
indicates how far we have strayed from the
basic purposes and goals set forth in the
1948 Information Act.
We require foreign governments to
identify the propaganda they put out in
the United States. The very least we can
do is to require our own propaganda
agency to do likewise when it operates
in foreign countries.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time
of the Senator has expired.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
yield myself an additional 2 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Arkansas is recognized for an
additional 2 minutes.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
urge Senators to approve the policy rec-
ommended by the Foreign Relations
Committee. Anyone who votes for the
amendment should be under no illusions
as to what he is endorsing.
He is endorsing a policy which says:
First, that our Government can do
abroad things that we would never allow
foreign countries to do here;
Second, that we should continue to be
the mouthpiece for the Thieu govern-
ment-or do the same for the Greek,
Brazilian, or Haitian governments, if the
executive branch sees fit to do so; and
Third, that it is proper to use the tax-
payers' money to publish propaganda
tracts abroad for, and in the name of,
private U.S. corporations.
I hope that the Senate will not endorse
such a policy.
I urge the Senate to defeat this
amendment. The sort of practices it
would condone go, deeply against the
traditions of our free and open society.
Mr. President, I ask ' unanimous con-
sent to include in the RECORD at this
point certain information supplied to the
committee by the USIA bearing on this
issue,
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be Printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, AuTHORIZATION
HEARINGS, SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS COM-
MITTEE, MARCH 1972 FOR FISCAL YEAR 1973
USIA Response to SFRC Requirement-
item 20 (excerpts).
Please describe in detail all services ren-
dered by the USIA to, or in behalf of, foreign
governments in FY 1971, thus far in FY 1972,
and proposed for FY 1973, including the esti-
mated costs of the services to each country.
Following are explanations of abbrevia-
tions used in the responses on countries in
the East Asia/Pacific area:
JUSPAO-Joint U.S. Public Affairs Office
,(Saigon).
GVN-Government of Vietnam.
CORDS-Civil Operation and Rural De-
velopment Support (Joint AID/MIL/State/
USIA organizations in Vietnam).
PSYOP-Psychological Operations.
VIS--Vietnamese Information Service.
RLG-Royal Laotian Government.
GKR-Government of the Khmer Republic
(Cambodia).
RTG-Royal Thai Government.
OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR EAST
ASIA AND PACIFIC (IEA)
Introduction
In fulfilling its overseas mission, USIA has
been charged with responsibility of working
with host country information programs
where necessary to achieve our goals. How-
ever, USIA's standard operating policy, as
stated in an instruction to all overseas posts
in 1971, is that we do not provide assistance
to host country governments' internal or ex-
ternal information programs. In support of
overall U.S. foreign policy objectives in
Southeast Asia, USIA has currently made ex-
ceptions to this policy for the Government
of the Khmer Republic (Cambodia) and the
Government of the Republic of Viet-Nam.
In recent years, assistance and services had
also been provided to the Royal Thai Gov-
ernment and the Royal Lao Government.
Such support to the first government was
terminated on May 21, 1971, and to the sec-
ond on July 1, 1971.
Cambodia (Khmer Republic)
Fiscal Year 1971
In an effort to assist the GKR to improve
Radio Cambodia, USIA provided a radio en-
gineer on temporary duty to survey the con-
dition of the radio facilities and make recom-
mendations for and initiate emergency im-
provements. This service cost to the USIA
was about $33,000, of which approximately
$15,000 was for test instruments and ground
antenna materials (from USIA surplus
stocks), and transmitter tubes.
In addition to the above monies for the ra-
dio improvement project, about $3,000 in
USIA funds was also used for printing
160,000 posters and 1,000,000 leaflets designed
and distributed by the GKR.
Fiscal Year 1972
The GKR initiated a plan for reinforcing
its radio coverage in northwestern and
southern Cambodia through expansion of fa-
cilities at Battambang and Kompong Som.
Two transmitters to be used in this project
are being procured by the GKR under the
Commodity Import Program financed by
A. Technical supervision for the installa-
tion of the transmitters is being performed
by a USIA radio engineer on non-reimbursa-
ble detail to the Department of State. Cost
to the USIA is approximately $50,000, which
includes the salary of the engineer and ex-
penses related to his function.
USIA plans to authorize JUSPAO in Viet-
Nam to transfer one 10-KW radio transmitter
(as well as two non-operable transmitters for
spare parts) to the GKR to replace one of its
Phnom Penh transmitters which is reported
9 $47'5
to be in failing condition. The three items of
equipment originally were turned over to
JUSPAO by the U.S. Navy in 1970 after their
extensive use in airborne transmitter air-
craft. Current value of the transmitters is
estimated at $1,000. This disposition of used
equipment of minimum value, excess to USG
needs in Viet-Nam, is believed to be the best
utilization of it in view of the GKR's prob-
lems in keeping its national radio on the air.
In addition to supporting the radio proj-
ect, USIA funds were used to procure motion
picture raw stock, valued at $150, for the
GKR production of a documentary film for
domestic use in Cambodia.
Fiscal Year 1973
USIA plans to continue to provide a radio
engineer on non-reimbursable detail to the
Department of State to supervise the com-
pletion of the two GKR transmitters at Bat-
tambang and Kompong Som about April 1,
1973. Cost to the USIA is estimated at
$38,000. USIA has no other plans for pro-
viding any assistance to the GKR.
Laos (Royal Lao Government)
Fiscal year 1971
USIA funds estimated at $36,700 were for
three issues of Current Scene magazine,
paper for the Lao Photo Sheet, production of
19 reels of motion pictures, and support for
RLG cultural teams. Two used USIA vehicles
in excess of our needs were donated to the
Lao Information Service, with current value
estimated at $400 each.
Fiscal year 1972 and fiscal year 1973
All programmed advice and assistance to
the host country information apparatus have
been terminated, but the post intends to
continue to be responsive to specific requests
for advice.
Thailand (Royal Thai Government)
Fiscal year 1971
USIA-funded equipment in the estimated
amount of $56,416 was provided to the RTG.
Equipment included 43 used vehicles (value
$22,000), 88 film projectors ($22,968), 46
portable generators ($7,084) and miscella-
neous audio-visual items ($4,364).
In addition, USIA funds estimated at $63,-
500 were for two regularly-issued magazines
(Horizons and Seripharb), posters, training
materials, and recordings of materials for
radio use.
Fiscal year 1972 and fiscal year 1973
As in Laos, all programmed advice and as-
sistance to the host country information
apparatus have been terminated, but the
post intends to continue to be responsive to
specific requests for advice.
Viet-Nam (Government of the Republic of
Viet-Nam)
Fiscal year 1971
USIA-funded services provided to or on be-
half of the GVN totaled approximately $2,-
560,700. This amount covered the estimated
costs of advisory assistance unilaterally to
the GVN's Ministry of Information and in-
directly to the Vietnamese Information Serv-
ice by support of joint USG-GVN programs
through CORDS.
American salaries (for 26 advisors
and support personnel) ------- - $832, 000
Media support (periodicals, pam-
phlets, product evaluation,
etc.) ------------------------- 705,000
Operational expenses (foreign
service allowances, local person-
nel salaries, and pro-rated
housekeeping and overhead
costs) ------------------------ 1,022,000
Spare parts for motion picture
projectors to the GVN--------- 1,700
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 25, 1972
Fiscal Year 1972
USIA-funded services provided to or on
behalf of the GVN was estimated at $1,901,-
000. This figure is expected to be revised
downward by a minimum of $500,000 by the
end of the fiscal year, but we are unable to
determine the exact figure at this time. There
has been a steady reduction of USIA-funded
advisors and support personnel during the
fiscal year, and by the year's end the number
will be zero.
American salaries________________ $588, 000
Media support__________________ 522,000
Operational expenses ------------- 786,000
Used office furniture and equip-
ment to the GVN______________ 5, 000
Total -------------------- 1,901,000
Fiscal Year 1973
USIA-funded services to or on behalf of
the GVN will have ceased. The only USIA
officer involved in any service will be one
AID-funded advisor supervising the execu-
tion of an AID-funded contract to train GVN
radio technical personnel. This project,
scheduled for completion during the first
half of FY 1973, is a carry-over from FY 1972
to facilitate the technical operation of the
GVN's new high power radio network.
As in Laos and Thailand, although all USIA
programmed advice and assistance to the
host country information apparatus will have
ceased, the post intends to continue to be
responsive to specific requests for advice.
Services rendered by VOA technical activities
Philippines
VOA regularly employs two GOP radio
technician trainees for a one-year period.
Salary costs are paid by VOA.
Estimated cost:
Fiscal year 1971 ------------------ $1,500
Fiscal year 1972__________________ 1,800
Fiscal year 1973__________________ 1,800
Thailand
The Thai Government shares use of the
VOA Bangkok station and pays its propor-
tionate share of the power cost. The remain-
ing direct costs of the GOT transmissions are
paid by VOA.
Estimated cost:
Fiscal year 1971_________________ $8,700
Fiscal year 1972__________________ 9,200
Fiscal year 1973__________________ 11,000
OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR WEST
EUROPE (IWE)
IWE/USIS has rendered no program serv-
ices, other than radio transmission service
described below, to the countries of Western
Europe In FY 1971, or thus far in FY 1972,
and proposes no such services in FY 1973.
However, as in most USIS country pro-
grams, copies of much of our material output
is provided host country officials and minis-
tries for Informational purposes. Accordingly,
some of the content of USIS materials may
find their way into host country reporting
or Information output.
Services rendered by VOA technical activities
Greece
VOA presentely provides the Greek Govern-
ment substantial airtime on the Thessaloniki
facilities free of charge. When the Kavala
station becomes operational (replacing Thes-
salonika), VOA will provide the GOG air-
time on the medium wave transmitter and
exclusive use of one shortwave transmitter
free of charge.
Estimated cost:
Fiscal year 1971----------------- $18,000
Fiscal year 1972----------------- 18,000
Fiscal year 1973----------------- 46,000
OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR LATIN
AMERICA (ILA) -
ILA/USIS has rendered no major program
services to the governments of Central and
South America in FY 1971, or thus far in
FY 1972, and proposes no such services in
FY 1973.
During FY 1972, however, some facilitative
assistance was given on request to the fol-
lowing governments:
1. In Colombia, USIS Bogota has provided
occasional technical advice to the Press Of-
fice of the Colombian President on TV tech-
niques and presentation.
2. In Bolivia, USIS has provided sugges-
tions to the Bolivian Government on pub-
licity for its economic emergency plans.
OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR NEAR EAST
AND NORTH AFRICA (INE)
Morocco
VOA provides Radio Rabat up to 300
weekly transmitter hours over the Tangier
transmitters free of charge. The present rate
of usage by Radio Rabat approximates the
maximum provision.
Estimated cost:
Fiscal year 1971_________________ $61,000
Fiscal year 1972----------------- 57,000
Fiscal year 1973----------------- 65,000
USIA Response to SPRC Requirement-
Item 21. (Excerpts.)
For FY 1971 and FY 1972 please list any
publications which USIA produced or helped
to prepare, editorially and/or financially,
but which were distributed without attribu-
tion to the agency or the U.S. Government.
Also list all publications produced for, or in
behalf of a foreign government, the number
produced and the cost of each publication.
OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR EAST ASIA
AND PACIFIC (TEA)
Vietnam
Development of non-attributed Psyop ma-
terials by JUSPAO field development division
FY 1971 combined through phase-down first
quarter FY 1972. JUSPAO shipped these
printed materials to GVN Information Serv-
ice, distributed at reader level.
A. Pamphlets: Following pamphlets de-
veloped and ordered by JUSPAO from RSC
Manila during FY 1971. Some deliveries ex-
tended into first quarter FY 1972. Costs cal-
culated at 75 cents per one thousand
impressions.
Number
copies Cost
Growing Up in Fire Fight ----------------- 130,000 $4,15 80
Appeal to Blood Donors ----------------- 12,000 63
Pre-Natal Cars------------------------- 26,000 230
Brother Hai and Village Co-Op -- _________ 200,000 4,200
New Faces in Vietnam ------- ------------ 100,000 10200
Face to Face Communications (9 manuals)-. 450, 000 4, 987
One Image Two Lives --------- -_.. ------ 300,000 3,375
Number
of copies
Mr. Ba and People's Self-Defense ----- _ 520,000
My Project ______---------------------- 100,000
Mr. Ba and Phoenix Program ------------- 113,000
Corporal Nam Defends Outpost ----------- 200, 000
VIS Handbook ---------- _____________ 20,000
Vietnam Magazine Color Covers for Pilot
Model------------------------------ 5,000
$5,025
21400
1,097
4,350
105
B. Periodicals: Fiscal year 1971: Huong Que
(Rural Spirit) farmers' magazine, 12 issues,
cost $188,000, Copies 500 thousand each Issue.
Long Me (Mother's Heart or Motherland)
Magazine supporting amnesty program, 6
issues, Cost $50,200, 200,000 copies each Issue.
Weekly Psyop community development
newspaper Ngay Nay (Vietnam Today). For-
mat single sheet, two pages, shared by JUS-
PAO and GVN Ministry of Information. JUS-
PAO printed 300 thousand each issue num-
bered 26 through 34 and 50 and 51, Cost $20,-
000, Total 3.3 million copies.
Fiscal year 1972: Huong Que (Rural Spirit)
Long Me (Mother's Heart or Motherland)
Magazine suppoijtting amnesty program, 2
issues, Cost $16,80 , Copies 200 thousand each
issue.
Weekly Psyop community development
newspaper Ngay $ay (Vietnam Today). For-
mat single sheet, two pages, shared by JUS-
PAO and GVN Ministry of Information. JUS-
PAO printed app oximately 150,000 of issues
numbered 11 an 18 through 21. Total 1.2
million copies, Cot $7,000.
C. Other Fiscal year 1971: JUSPAO printed
covers for Minist y of Information question
and answer serie Peoples' Information Pro-
gram. 36 small overs, 60 thousand copies
each, cost $2,000 a ch issue.
64-page Annul Report in co-operation
USAID and Mini try of Foreign Affairs-at-
tributed MFA. Four thousand copies, Cost
$500.
Fiscal year 1970: 64-page Annual Report
in, cooperation U4iAID and Ministry of For-
eign Affairs-attributed MFA. Four thousand
copies, Cost $500.
OFFICE OF ASSIgIANT DIRECTOR FOR LATIN
A ERICA (ILA)
USIS programs] which has assisted in the
production of publications for or in behalf
of host countries
Bolivia-Post produced bi-monthly Pro-
greso (dealing with socio-economic develop-
ment) published under the auspices of the
Bolivian Development Corporation. Prepara-
tion of materials and editing done by USIS.
Financing share with Development Corpo-
ration, (Circulation: 10,000 bi-monthly.)
Colombia-At the request of the U.S. mili-
tary mission USI printed 10,000 copies of a
cartoon book f r the Colombian Armed
Forces. (Cost: $4 1.53.)
USIS prograIriz which have produced or
assisted in the p oduction of materials dis-
tributed without attribution to USIS or the
Agency.
Bolivia--Post presented 10,000 copies of
Agency produced cartoon booklet, "El Desen-
gano," on urban rrorism to Ministry of In-
formation for di tribution without attribu-
tion to USIS.
Dominican Republic--In FY 1971 post ar-
ranged for printikig of a C. P. Snow article
dealing with the population problem. Re-
produced in Spa Iish by the Agency's Re-
gional Service Center in Mexico and distrib-
uted by the Dom nican National Council on
Population and fly.
Ecuador-Post produced four pamphlets
totaling 15,000 c ies dealing with the con-
tribution of foreign private investment in
the petroleum sector to host country prog-
ress. Attributed and distributed by Texaco-
Gulf. (Cost: $500.
Post produced ne pamphlet, 4,000 copies,
of an English language tourist guide. At-
tributed to the NC and the Taxi coopera-
tive. Distributed by the taxi union. (Cost:
$200.)
Post produced * ne pamphlet, 2,000 copies,
for the Internati nal Transport Federation.
Attributed to an distributed by the local
Transport Worke Union. (Cost: $100.)
Paraguay-Post assisted financially and
editorially in the production of the Journal
of the Association of Paraguayan English
teachers. Three ues published annually.
Distributed free ,find without USIS attribu-
tion but BNC Orector's name appears on
masthead. (Cost:1$525).
? Mr. FULBRI HT. Mr. President, I
might add that) this affects all. Govern-
ment propagal~Ida agencies. All suffer
from a lack of ! credibility on the part
of the recipien s of the propaganda.
Mr. President I am very doubtful that
the USIA has W y substantial effective-
ness because most knowledgeable people
recognize that its output is not straight
Copies 500 thousand each issue. I think the theory of an official infor-
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mation agency should be that people are
not like sheep-although some are-and
are not so, stupid that they can be horn-
swoggled by propaganda, propaganda
for which we are unwilling to take re-
sponsibility. If we are going to put in-
formation out, at least we should identif
the fact that our Government is respon-
sible for it.
The amendment of the Senator fro
Tennessee would result in allowing us
put it out without assuming responsibilit
for publishing it. I think this is a ver
sorry practice. There is one other anal
is a ainst the law to strengthen cooperative inter
out ro a an a n a political cam- lations."
a without attribution. IT, is ag ninst Mr. President, the principal national re- purpose of
e aw to put ction 205 as I understand i
ne without oar 1 closely conform USIA's information
he 1948 act
e =n=am=e of e erson w o is res on- overseas to the objectives of t
it is to more work Senate For-
n the prep-
s" through certain restrictions o
f informs-
e were to adopt the Senator's aration and dissemination o
amendment we would be, in effect, au- tion abroad. I defer to the
thorizing a huge U.S. vernment eign Relations Committee wh
'o ich has leg- rabie.
operations
agency to put out propaganda without islative jurisdiction over the
taking responsibility for it. I do not of USIA on whether such know how much further you can pervert guidance is necessary or desirable.
President, will
and distort the mission for our informa- Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. Pr
Smith-Mundt Act.
That is the issue. I see no reason to
belabor it. In view of the fact that there
are only three or four Senators in the
Chamber, there is no point in belaboring
it. I am ready to yield back the remain-
der of my time and come to a vote. I ha ye
no doubt the -Senator has a mason ?v. I
support am pre-
pare to yie back my time if the Sena-
tor is prepared to yield back his time.
T OFFICER. Who
ons
might say now for the advice of our, col-
leagues in the Chamber that I do antic-
ipate asking for the yeas and nays and
I hope we will have a sufficient number
of Senators present to order the yeas and
nays.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas
and nays have already been ordered.
Mr. BAKER. Very good. I thank the
Presiding Officer.
Mr. President, on the matter of the
m
emr_
nother example would be in the
field ofd, Much of our health work
is done on a voluntary of nongovern-
mental basis. The effect of this provision
would be to attribute to the U.S. Govern-
fnent the efforts of private agencies or
religious agencies, or those in the health
field.
However, I think the necessity for this Mr. FULBRIGHT. Will the Senator
amendment, and the concern of the Sen- give an illustration of what he means?
ator a I do not know what the Senator is talk-
-of the bill goes far beyond the concer
X.W
tne oiu wouia amena the u.S. Informa-
tion and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which is permanent legislation per-
taining to the responsibilities of the U.S.Information Agency for carrying out international information activities. Ac- cording to the committee report, the purpose of the 1948 act is to inform the people of other countries about the United States. This is in line with the purpose clause of the 1948 act which is "to promote understanding of the United among the peoples of
the world--
I refer to the efforts of
on of i e States to secure
narcotics ~ont~o~ o --
uzut a ~. a is not covered by
the 1948 act; but to be
MYN-MT or by
to say that the guidelines we pre-
able
pare for them must carry a disclaimer
that they are prepared by the United
effectiveness of
States would destroy the
the program to discourage traffic in drugs
and the United States.
between Turkey
Another example would beamily
planni g. Family planning is carrie~on
private agencies and religious institu-
tions, more often than not, and only
tions,
recently has the Government gotten into
that field. But in traveling through India
last fall I saw placards and billboards on
the way to New Delhi and on the way
out of that city, that were there largely
because of the efforts of private institu-
tions. The information had been dis-
seminated by the Federal Government.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time
of the Senator has expired.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield my-
self 2 additional minutes.
;Jo have such signs in forei -lands
ri a disclaimer a they are ro= ed
U. riest
the n y
in
sly tm ver approach that we are
dealing with. We give Turkey millions of
dollars they can use to put out their own
propaganda under their own name. What
the committee is getting at is misrepre-
sentation that is engaged in by our do-
ing it without attributing it.
There is nothing in here to prevent
the United States from flooding Turkey
with all kinds of propaganda as long as
we take the responsibility for it. We think
it unwise to refuse to take responsibility
for what it put out. There is nothing here
to prevent them from putting out propa-
ganda about dope, heroin, or anything
else, as long as they take the responsi-
bility for putting it out.
Mr. BAKER. I thank the chairman for
those additional remarks. But that
touches the point that concerns me be-
cause section 205 Is so broad that_anv-
t this section
e G OFFICER. The time
of the Senator has expired.
-Mr.. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield my-
self 2 additional minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator is recognized for 2 additional min-
an Mr. BAKER. So, I am concerned that it
such assurances applies not only to the 1948 act, which
WA_
e o m e a few brief re- this bill seeks to amend, but an entire
marks and then I am ready to yield back range of other acts.
the remainder of my time. While I subscribe to the sterling vir-
Mr. President I understand the con- tues of disclosure, whether in politics or
tern of the distinguished chairman of in foreign policy, I suggest that we have
the Committee on Foreign Relations in in this bill unintentionally extended this
this regard. The so-called propaganda section to other bills that we are not con-
aspects of the USIA program have been ' cerned with now.
called into examination and account by Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will
the Senator's committee and described the Senator yield?
extensively in public forum. Mr. BAKER. I yield.
wit
curren
~.A477
I wish to make this additional point.
The distinguished junior Senator. from
Arkansas spoke in the opening portion
of his rejoinder of our efforts through
propaganda to prop up the Thieu regime
in Southeast Asia. If my information is
correct, and I believe it is, the testi-
mony of officials of the USIA before the
Committee on Foreign Relations was
that there is no such effort made by the
USIA in Southeast Asia.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time
of the Senator has expired.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield
myself 2 additional minutes.
My information is and the testimony
was that the Thieu regime is not involved
in this nor is USIA. That is not the issue
before us.
I intend to reserve the remainder of
my time until we can have a brief
quorum, and then I think I will be in a
position to yield back the remainder of
my time.
I conclude by saying I feel that the
sweeping scope of section 205 is far be-
yond that which we want to deal with in-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:-- SF.`NATE May 25, 1972
this bill and that it is going to have
serious and unintended effects upon the
future policy of the U.S. Government,
and private, religious, and philan-
thropic organizations throughout the
country. Therefore I have prepared the
amendment which I offer at this time.
I now suggest the absence of a quorum,
to be charged against my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the
precedents of the Senate, the Senator
does not have enough time to suggest
the absence of a quorum. The Senator
will have to ask unanimous consent to
have time taken out of the other side.
If both sides yielded back their time, he
could suggest the absence of a quorum.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, how much
time do I have remaining?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator has 5V2 minutes remaining.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum,
I suppose I cannot do that under the
rules.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Chair Is informed by the Parliamentar-
ian that the only way the Senator could
do that would be for both sides to yield
back their time.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
am prepared to yield back my time.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I am pre-
pared to yield back my time, but I need
to check one point first.
I ask unanimous consent that I may
ask for a short quorum call without the"
time being charged to either side.
The PRESIDING OFFICER, Is there
objection?
Without objection, it is so ordered, and
the clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield 4
minutes of my time to the distinguished
r from Alabama (Mr. AL-
me.
Mr. President,
1 raider consideration
mare m rssi e e t uloveu nsv-
c ar are a no~'-ttna r3bu~e(
a u
e
a fec n these particulars:
It would degrade assistance to other
countries in contingency operations.
It would affect the preparing and drop-
ping of leaflets attributed to the coun-
try, but prepared by the United States.
It would hamper making radio broad-
casts to warn the populace.
It would degrade U.S. military aid to
underdeveloped countries in assisting
military of the host country in civic ac-
tion projects.
It would degrade assistance to allies in
these categories:
The printing of NATO safe conduct
passes and leaflets for distribution by
allied aircraft.
The development of psychological
warfare materials and campaigns that
would utilize allied resources for pro-
duction and dissemination.
U.S. technical aid to allies could not
include participation of U.S. personnel in
training or advisory roles in units pro-
ducing psychological warfare materials.
It would restrict the effectiveness of
participation in disaster relief opera-
tions.
This section of the act which the
amendment of the Senator from Ten-
nessee would strike out would inhibit our
international work in police matters, in
health, in travel promotion, in ecology, in
family planning, in travel publicity, and
in countless fields we cannot foresee to-
day.
I believe this issue has not been given
the thorough study which would be ap-
propriate before it is enacted into law.
It has many ramifications which we
would regret were we to do so.
In this day of constantly expanding
international contacts, many parts of our
Government are in frequent communi-
cation with public and private counter-
parts overseas. This section would in-
hibit the free flow of information among
them-a communications link which is
vital to a stable international order and
to specific U.S. interests.
We would not wish to cut down on the
flow BY Mormaron e e
angerous drugs, advise
`T'4l icu ar y disturbed by the way
in which this section would inhibit the
dissemination of information developed
by the U.S. private sector. As I under-
stand the section, it would require that
any private book, English teaching text,
film, or other medium which may be
translated or reprinted by a U.S. agency
for further dissemination abroad must
carry the U.S. agency's name at the be-
ginning. This may be practical in some
cases, but in others the private U.S.
author or publisher may wish the over-
seas product to be identical to the origi-
nal.
Mr. President, I believe this section,
section 205, should be eliminated from
the bill. The amendment of the Senator
from Tennessee would do that, and I sup-
port his amendment.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, how much
time do I have remaining?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator has 1 minute remaining.
Mr. BAKER. Has the Senator from
Arkansas yielded back his time?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Arkansas has yielded back his
remaining time.
Mr. BAKER. I yield back the remain-
der of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
PROXMIRE). All remaining time having
been yielded back,, the question is on
agreeing to the amendment of the Sen-
ator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER). On
this question, the yeas and nays have
been ordered, and the clerk will call
the roll.
The legislative clerk called the roll.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce
that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr.
ANDERSON), the [Senator from Idaho (Mr.
CHURCH), the $enator from Mississippi
(Mr. EASTLAND) ~ the Senator from Geor-
gia (Mr. GAMS ELL), the Senator from
Alaska (Mr. G VEL), the Senator from
Oklahoma (Mr' HARRIS), the Senator
from Indiana (I tr. HAETRE), the Senator
from Minnesot (Mr. HUMPHREY), the
Senator from rth Carolina (Mr. JOR-
DAN), the Sena or from Arkansas (Mr.
MCCLELLAN), th Senator from Wyoming
(Mr. McGEE), he Senator from South
Dakota (Mr. cGovERN), the Senator
from New Mex co (Mr. MONTOYA), the
Senator from U ah (Mr. Moss), the Sen-
ator from Main (Mr. MUsxrR) ? the Sen-
ator from Connecticut (Mr. RlarcoFF),
and the Senator from Illinois (Mr. STEV-
ENsON) are nece sarily absent.
I also announ a that the Senator from
Louisiana (Mr. LLENDr.R), is absent on
official business.
I further announce that, if present and
voting, the Senator from Connecticut
(Mr. RISreoFF) and the Senator from
Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), would each
vote "nay."
On this vote, !the Senator from Geor-
gia (Mr. GAMBI ILL) is paired with the
Senator from'Illiinois (Mr. STEvENsoN) . If
present and voting, the Senator from
Georgia would vlote "yea" and the Sena-
tor from Illinoiq would vote "nay."
Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the
Senator from'Oklahoma (Mr. BELLMON)
and the Serra r from Maryland (Mr.
MATHIAS) are al sent on official business.
The Senator from Vermont (Mr.
AIxEN), the Senator from Massachu-
setts (Mr. BROmsE), the Senator from
Kentucky (Mr. tloox), the Senator from
New Hampshire! (Mr. COTTON), the Sen-
ator from Hawa4i (Mr, FONG), the Sena-
tor from Ar]zo (Mr. GOLDWATER), the
Senator from Illinois (Mr. PERCY), the
Senator from j Iowa (Mr. MILLER),
the Senator from Ohio (Mr. T.&FT), and
the Senator fro1ln South Carolina (Mr.
THURMOND) are! necessarily absent.
The Senator from South Dakota (Mr.
MUNDT) is absent because of illness.
If present and voting, the Senator
from Massachusetts (Mr. BROOKE), the
Senator from wa (Mr. MILLER), the
Senator from Ohio (Mr. TArT) and the
Senator from South Carolina (Mr.
THURMOND) world each vote "yea."
The result w"s announced--yeas 42,
nays 27, as follows:
Bennett
Bentsen
Bible
Boggs
Brock
Buckley
[N. 187 Leg.]
jf.,EA&-42
Cuftis Roth
Dojo Saxbe
Harry F., Jr. an, Id
ByrS, Robert C. L. g
Cannon Pa wood
Chiles Ra.doiph
Schwelker
Scott
Smith
Sparkman
Stafford
enr
Talmadge
Tower
ho Weicker
Young
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May 25, 1.9 72 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
NATS-27
Bayh
Hughes
Nelson
Burdick
Inouye
Pastore
Case
Javits
Pearson
Cooper
Kennedy
Pell
Cranston
Magnuson
Proxmire
Eagleton
Mansfield
Spong
Fulbrlght
McIntyre
Symington
Hart
Metcalf
Tunney
Hatfield
Mondale
Williams
NOT VOTING-31
Aiken
Goldwater
Montoya
Anderson
Gravel
Moss
Bellmon
Harris
Mundt
Brooke
Hartke
Muskie
Church
Humphrey
Percy .
Cook
Jordan, N.C.
Ribicoff
Cotton
Mathias
Stevenson
Eastland
McClellan
Taft
Ellender
McGee
Thurmond
Fong
McGovern
Gambrell
Miller
So Mr. BAKER'S amendment (No. 1201)
was agreed to.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I move
that the vote by which the amendment
was agreed to be reconsidered.
Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, I move to
lay that motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
Messages in writing from the President
of the United States, submitting nomina-
tions; were communicated to the Senate
by Mr. Leonard, one of his secretaries.
EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED
As in executive session, the Acting
President pro, tempore (Mr. BURDICK)
laid before the Senate messages from the
President of the United States submit-
ting sundry nominations, which were re-
ferred to the Committee on Commerce.
(The nominations received today are
printed at the end of Senate proceed-
ings.)
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE
A message from the House of Repre-
sentatives, by Mr. Berry, one of its read-
ing clerks, announced that the House had
passed a bill (H.R. 15097) making appro-
priations for the Department of Trans-
portation and related agencies for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and for
other purposes, in which it requested the
concurrence of the Senate.
HOUSE BILL REFERRED
The bill (H.R. 15097) making appro-
priations for the Department of Trans-
portation and related agencies for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and for
other purposes, was read twice by its
title and referred to the Committee on
Appropriations.
AMENDMENT OF FISHERMAN'S PRO-
TECTIVE ACT OF 1967
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, what
is the pending business?
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
HART). Under the previous order, the
Senate will now resume consideration
of H.R. 7117, the amendment of the
Fisherman's Protective Act of 1967,
which the clerk will state.
The assistant legislative clerk read as
follows:
H.R. 7117 to amend the Fisherman's Pro-
tective Act of 1967 to expedite the reim-
bursement of United States vessel owners for
charges paid by them for the release of
vessels and crews illegally seized by foreign
countries, to strengthen the provisions there-
in relating to the collection of claims against
such foreign countries for amounts so reim-
bursed and for certain other amounts, and for
other purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time?
PROGRAM
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to call the roll.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, may I in-
quire, who has the floor?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Pennsylvania has the floor and
has,28 minutes remaining.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I rise to
ask the distinguished majority leader-
Mr. MANSFIELD. If the Senator will
not mind, I yield myself 5 minutes on the
bill on this side to reply.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I rise to
ask the distinguished majority leader
what the further business of the Senate
is for today.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, as
the Senator knows and the Senate knows,
after discussing the matter with the dis-
tinguished minority leader on yesterday,
we agreed to a resolution which would
free the Senate at the close of business
today, on a recess basis, until noon of
Tuesday next. In other words, we get the
extra day because of the condition of
the Calendar.'
As to the pending bill, H.R. 7117, two
amendments have already been added by
Mr. TowEa and Mr. STEVENS. I do not
know how much more time it will take
because it is under a limited time basis.
Would the Senator from New York
(Mr. JAVITS) indicate whether he thinks
there will be a rollcall vote on final'
passage?
Mr. JAVITS. I have no idea. It should
not be necessary. I do not think the
amendment I will propose is that critical,
but I cannot tell. It will all depend.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I thank the Senator.
Folowing disposition of H.R. 7117, we
will then proceed to the consideration of
Calendar No. 768, S. 3607, a bill to au-
thorize appropriations to the Atomic En-
ergy Commission. That bill will be han-
dled by the distinguished senior Senator
from Rhode Island, the chairman of the
Joint Committee. There will be a roll-
call vote on final passage of that bill.
When that is disposed of, we will go
out until noon on Tuesday next.
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, an amend-
ment will be offered by the two Senators
from Pennsylvania and the Senator from
Nevada (Mr. BIBLE), the Senator from
New Jersey (Mr. WILLIAMS), as well as
S 8479
the Senator from Tennessee (Mr.
BAKER) ; but I believe we can agree on it,
and if we can, there should be no need to
take very long or to have any yea and
nay votes.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Pennsylvania yield?
Mr. SCOTT. I yield.
Mr. PASTORE. We discussed in com-
mittee that the additional $500,000 might
not necessary. That is a question that
can be debated each way.
Mr. SCOTT. I am glad to hear that.
This has. reference to the atomic cardiac
pacemaker, which is of considerable in- .
terest to everyone. The budget request
was for $1 million. The pacemaker. is
powered by nuclear fuel, as the Senator
knows. I think this development is very
important, and the full $1 million should
be authorized as well as appropriated
later on.
Mr. PASTORE. We have seen the
model, and I will say that I felt strongly
that maybe we should make it $1 mil-
lion. I think we should have it, because
of the importance of this instrument.
Mr. SCOTT. I think so, too, and I
thank the Senator.
AMENDMENT OF FISHERMEN'S
PROTECTIVE ACT OF 1967
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill, H.R. 7117, to amend the Fish-
ermen's Protective Act of 1967 to expedite
the reimbursement of U.S. vessel owners
for charges paid by them for the release
of vessels and crews illegally seized by
foreign countries, to strengthen the pro-
visions therein relating to the collection
of claims against such foreign countries
for amounts so reimbursed and for cer-
tain other amounts, and for other pur-
poses.
Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I send
an amendment to the desk and ask that
it be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The assistant legislative clerk read as
follows:
On page 2, line 11; on page 4, line 5; and
on page 5, line 1, strike "8" and insert in lieu
thereof "9".
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the
Senator wish to have these amendments
considered en bloc?
Mr. STEVENS. Yes, Mr. President.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered, and the
amendments will be considered en bloc.
Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, this is
a technical amendment. At the time the
bill was prepared, we did not take into
account the enactment, last December
23, 1971, of Public Law 92-219, which
already added a new section 8 to the
Fisherman's Protective Act of 1967.
This amendment will make the amend-
ment of this bill become section 9, to fol-
low the enactment of last December 23,
1971. It is a technical amendment. I
urge its adoption and yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I
yield back my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
HART). The question is on agreeing to
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE May 25, 1972
the amendments en bloc of the Senator
from Alaska.
The amendments were agreed to en
bloc.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I send an
amendment to the desk and ask that It be
stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The assistant legislative clerk read as
follows:
On page 3, line 24, insert the following:
after the word is"country" insert ", If any,"
and on page 4, line 1, after "1961" insert
"unless the President certifies to the Congress
that It is in the national interest not to do
so in the particular instance,".
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I apologize
to the Senator from Washington (Mr.
MAGNUSON) for not having had the op-
portunity to show him this amendment
in advance, but I think if he will be kind
enough to give me his attention, he will
see the situation in a minute.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the
Senator from New York ask that these
amendments be considered en bloc?
Mr. JAVITS. Yes, Mr. President, I do.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered, and the
amendments will be considered en bloc.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I
understand that the Senator's amend-
ment would allow--I have been over in
Appropriations with HEW and I did not
get here until just now-the discretion
to be in the President.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, it would
allow the final discretion to be with the
President. If he certifies to Congress that
the national interest is an overriding
consideration he can waive the applica-
tion of the provisions of the law. I think
the principal is a good idea, provided
that it is only charged to the specific
AID program of the country that seizes
boats.
The State Department pointed out
that if there is an allocation to that
country for foreign aid, then this pro-
vision would effect that country. How-
ever, if there were not, then it should not
hurt anyone else.
The first part of my amendment says
"if any." In other words, it is charged
against their allocation and only their
allocation of foreign aid, if there is any.
Mr. MAGNUSON. In other words, if
there was foreign aid, we would still
charge it against them.
Mr. JAVITS. The Senator is correct.
Mr. MAGNUSON. And if there was not,
it would be at the discretion of the
President?
Mr. JAVITS. It comes out of whatever
specific funds there are for the country,
yes. But it does not reduce the foreign
aid funds for other countries or other
programs.
Mr. MAGNUSON. That is a new way to
approach it.
Mr. JAYTITS. Mr. President, I am not
through yet. I want the Senator to get
the whole picture in reply to his question.
Another thing that the administra-
tion is concerned about is that if they
are actually in negotiations with a given
country about this very vexing matter---
and I think the countries who seize U.S.
boats are wrong-it may be very unwise
and counterproductive to dock them, say,
$50,000 in the midst of negotiating ef-
fort to work out the whole problem.
So, by providing that the President
could certify to Congress that in that
particular instance he does not think
it is the best thing to do in the national
interest, then we avoid that impasse.
That is the purpose. That is not all they
want. However, that is all I think they
ought to get.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, the
Senator from New York used the words
"if they are in negotiations." They have
been negotiating for years on this mat-
ter. Nothing ever happens. Every time
they seize about 15 tuna ships, the State
Department and all of the Presidents,
including this one, sends a troubleshooter
down and he negotiates with them. The
last one was Finch. He set me an ex-
change of cables stating that he thought
he was getting some place. But nothing
ha.nrened.
This has gone on and on. I could put
in the RECORD a long list of the negotia-
tions we have had with them.
Then a State Department man by the
name of Meyer went down there.
Mr. JAVITS. He is still in charge of
Latin American affairs for the Depart-
ment of State.
Mr. MAGNUSON. It was still the same
as It always has been. We have to take
some kind of action with these people.
They have now induced Brazil to have
a 200-mile limit.
I was in Peru 8 years ago and talked
to them. I spoke to the President of Peru
and I asked him how he arrived at 200
miles. He said that he did not arrive
at that figure, that our country did, the
United States-
I asked him how that was. He pulled
a dog-eared document out of his desk
that stated that during World War II
President Roosevelt had proclaimed a
neutrality zone of 200 miles around
South America. That was the basis of it.
I guess that many Presidents have many
documents that they keep in the bottom
drawer. We have to get something done.
I am not saying that Finch and these
people are not trying to do something
about this. However, they never seem to
be able to reach the point where they
can stop the thing. We have reached a
point where we are paying out quite a
bit of money on this.
Mr. JAVITS. I know that.
Mr. MAGNUSON. It encourages them
to make their fines larger because they
know that the fishermen will ultimately
get paid. However, it takes time to do
this. The fishermen are usually working
on a pretty tight budget. I have known
fishermen who have gone to the bank
and borrowed money while waiting for
the State Department to get a check
back to them.
So, due to. the fact that the Senator
from New York wants to join us in this
matter and help us out, maybe we can
try this new method and let us see what
happens.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I would
like to make these points.
I agree with the Senator about negoti-
ations. I really mean seriously that the
President in all integrity must certify
to Congress-a d this is no light mat-
ter-that the n;tional interest is of over-
riding importal ce. It ought to be a criti-
cal matter and, not merely the fact that
someone is dos m there trying to work
it out.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I
would be willing to take the amendments
to conference. i
Mr. JAVITSI Mr. President, I yield
back the remainder of my time.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I
yield back the '[remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
has been yield~-d back. The question is
on agreeing to j the amendments en bloc
of the Senator from New York.
The amendments were agreed to.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I send
an amendment to the desk.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will report the amendment.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to state; the amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous a nt that further reading
of the amendment be dispensed with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered; and the
amendment viill be printed in the
RECORD.
The ainendnient reads as follows:
On page 6, lire 3, add the following sec-
SEC. (7). That section 4 of the Fishermen's
Protective Act of, 1967 is amended-
(a) by inserts g immediately before "by a
country" a co a and the following: "or
vessel of the U ted States or Its gear dam-
aged,"; and
(b) by inserting before "in accordance"
the following: 'nor such vessel or its gear
damaged".
Sso. 8. The fhst sentence of section 5 of
such Act is ame*ded by inserting after "ves-
sel of the United States" a comma and the
following: "or damage to such vessel or its
gear,".
SEC. 9. (a) Section 7(a) of such Act Is
amended to read) as follows: "(a) The Secre-
tary, upon receipt. of an application flied with
him at any tim~ after the effective ;late of
this section by he owner of any vessel of
the United Sta which is documented or
certificated a:> commercial fishing vessel,
shall enter into an agreement with such
owner subject the provisions of this sec-
tion and such o r terms and conditions as
the Secretary deems appropriate. Such agree-
ment shall pro a that, if such vessel or its
gear Is damaged a result of the action of a
vessel operated by the government of such
country or any her activity of such govern-
ment (on the bass of rights or claims in ter-
ritorial waters Cdr the high seas which are
rot recognized b the United States and when
there i# no clisiiute of material facts with
respect to the l Lion or activity of such ves-
sel at the time Of such attempt), or if such
vessel is seiz=d a foreign country and de-
tained under th' conditions of section 2 of
this Act, the Secretary shall reimburse-
"(1) the owner of such vessel for actual
costs, except t e covered by section 3 of
this Act, incurre by the owner arising out of
damage to his vessel or gear by such coun-
try, or during the seizure and detention
period and as JE6 direct result thereof, as
determined by a Secretary,uresulting (A)
from any damag to, or destrction of, such
vessel or its fishing gear or other equipment,
(B) from the l ss or confiscation of such
vessel, or its fish(nQ gear or other equipment,
age fees or utilities;
"(2) the owner of such vessel and its crew
for the market value of fish caught (A) be-
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Senate, in Vote, Gives Fulbright
Another in a Series of Rebuffs
By JOHN W. FINNEY
Special to The New York Times
song 1
opposing the amendment. Sena
ator Fulbright is the first. to
acknowledge that this work,
to his disadvantage in a Senate
where considerable persona:
`hostility has built up against
WASHINGTON, May 25-The
Senate, by a vote of 42 to 27, During the debate today on
today rejected an amendment that the Foreign Relations Com- the motion offered by Senator
mittee had put in a State Howard H. Baker Jr., Republi
Department-United States Infor- can of Tennessee, for example,
mation Agency budget bill pro- less than half a dozen Senators
hibiting the agency from dis- were on the floor to hear Sena-
tributing unattributed propa-:, for Fulbright's defense of the
ganda abroad. committee's position. This post
By itself the Issue was not tion held that it was deceitful
and improper for the United
and lnate States Information Agency to
wheieca the e but in committee a Senate
where have be and y distribute unattributed propa-
upheld, the hv vote symbolized chairman 'normalllthey ganda in foreign countries.
----,-
increasing Aso a ion or r.
most Senators
esult
,
Asa r
u briarit, c arm,no e
ommit ee. reached the floor unaware of
is month the Senate the issues and were voting
overturned, by a vote of 57 to more on tthe hat were offering or
the committee had made in the%.
U.S.I.A. budget in retaliation,
for the agency's refusal to
supply information to the com-
mittee.
Then yesterday the Senate,
38-32, rejected a 10 per cent,
reduction that the committee
had proposed in personnel,
other than from the State De
partment, assigned to overseas
posts. The Senate was acting
on a motion by the Senate
Republican leader, Hugh Scott,
a committee member.
At least to some Democratic
members of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, the defeats
administered to Senator Ful-
bright appeared to be part of,
an Administration strategy to,
divide and weaken the commit-:
tee by isolating and embarrass-!
mg the chairman.
The Administration no longer.,
appears to be attempting to
thwart Senator Fulbright in the;
committee, where he usually,
can prevail. Rather the White
House appears to be waiting for
the issue to come to the Senate
floor and then marshaling its
forces against the Senator.
Signals Have Been Called
Aides in the office of Senator
i,'Scott acknowledge that the
White House has been calling
the signals on what amend-
ments to offer to overturn the.
position of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee.
On the Senate floor, the Ad-
ministration can rely upon the
inattentiveness of the Senators
and anti-Fulbright prejudice to
build up a vote against the
committee chairman.
him.
The series ,of recent setbacks;
have discouraged Senator Ful
bright, who is becoming reluc-
ke the lead in oppos?
t
As a result, Senator Fulbright
deliberately has delayedanned
ing ahead with the planned
study of multinational he can
tions, for example, until
the committee to go l he rec
ord in favor of $110,000 for the
investigation.
Then this week, when a mil-
itary aid bill was before the
committee, he refrained from
proposing any, reductions, let-
ting the Senate majority leader,
Mike Mansfield, take the initia-
tive.
When
wanted an amendment
today
offered giving the President dis-
cretionary 'authority on the use
of foreign aid funds top y
fines of American fishing boats
seized by Latin American coup
tries, Senator Fulbright de-
murred, telling a colleague:
"Why should I offer it? It will
just be beaten."
Senator Fulbright's discour-
agement has reached the point
that he is now raising the pos-
sibility in private conversations
that perhaps he should retire
when his present term expires
in 1975 if President effectual Niixon is
cannot be re-elected and if it appears
as chaff man of the Foreign Re-
lations Committee.
o
tant to
ing the Administration if the
committee and in turn the Sen
ate will not support him.
The Talk of Cloakroom
The defeats of Senator Ful-,
bright have also become the
talk of the cloakroom. After.
one recent vote, for example,
S. J. Kimmitt, the secretary of
the Democratic majority who
has close ties with the anti-
Fulbright faction in the Senate,
was overheard telling a Ful
bright aide: "Well, I see you
lost another one."
Normally a committee rallies
the of chairman
on the Senate floor. But for
the last month, Senator Ful-.
bright has been left alone on
the floor to defend the com-
imittee bill. At times he has
ittee
also found some comm
members, such as Senator.
the anking Aiken
Republican voting
against provisions that they
supported in committee.
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cuN
The SPEAKER. The question is on the thorizations for. the. Arms Control and
engrossment and third reading of the Disarmament Agency and ? the Peace
bill. 9orps, and asked for a conference.
The bill was ordered to be engrosed Technically, these two authorizations
and read a third time, and was read the might be considered nongermane to the
third time. House bill which authorizes funds only
The SPEAKER. The question is on the for the Department of State and the U.S.
passage of the bill. Information Agency. I have requested
The bill was passed. that the House conferees not be bound
The title was amended so as to read: by the rule on germaneness..
"A bill to authorize -appropriations for The problem is getting all three of the
the Peace Corps, and for other pur- authorizations which have passed the
poses." House and passed the Senate to confer-
A motion to reconsider was laid on the ence.
table. The purpose of my unanimous-consejit
request is merely to make it possible for
E7APPOINTMENT OF CONFEREES ON us to take the three House bills to con-
H.R. 14734, AUTHORIZING APPRO- ference so that we can consider them
PRIATIONS FOR DEPARTMENT OF and the omnibus Senate bill at the same
STATE AND FOR U.S. INFORMA- time.
TION AGENCY I believe this will conserve the time of
the House and expedite the completion
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask of our work.
unanimous consent to take from the Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I withdraw
Speaker's table the bill (H.R. 14734) to my reservation of objection.
authorize appropriations for the Depart- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
anent of State and for the U.S. In- the request of the gentlemanf rom Penn-
formation Agency, with Senate amend- sylvania?
ments thereto, disagree to the Senate There was no objection.
amendments, and agree to the confer-
ence asked by the Senate.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Penn-
sylvania? The Chair hears none, and ap-
points the following conferees: Messrs.
CELL, MAILLIARD, FRELINGHUYSEN, BROOM- Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
FIELD, and THOMsoN of Wisconsin. \ I take this time for the purpose of in-
EXEMPTING THE MANAGERS ON
THE PART OF THE HOUSE ON H.R.
14734 FROM CERTAIN RESTRIC-
TIONS
H 5451
session next Friday. If both appropria-
tion bills are not considered, there would
not be a session next Friday, but the plan
is to call up both of them so at this time
I just do not know.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Next Friday is
a third Friday.
Mr. BOGGS. That is correct. It is an
eligible Friday.
ADJOURNMENT OVER TO
MONDAY NEXT
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent that when the House ad-
journs today it adjourn to meet on Mon-
day next.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the report of the gentleman from Louis-
iana?
There was no objection.
DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR WED-
NESDAY BUSINESS ON WEDNES-
DAY NEXT
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent the business in order on
Calendar Wednesday next week may be
dispensed with.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Loui-
siana?
There was no objection.
SUGGESTED USE OF POW'S AS
SHIELDS IS REPREHENSIBLE AND
MISCHIEVOUS
The SPEAKER. Under a previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Cali-
fornia (Mr. TALCOTT) is recognized for
10 minutes.
Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, in a post-
California primary interview over NBC,
one of our colleagues suggested - that
General Giap of the Government of
North Vietnam take 700 of our POW's
and place one each in 700 city squares
throughout North Vietnam-and that
this tactic would certainly force us to
stop our bombing of North Vietnam.
Because the gentleman from Cali-
fornia (Mr. MCCLOSKEY) is a personal
friend and once served in a military ca-
pacity, I do not want to believe what I
have heard and seen.
This is a horrendous suggestion by a
public official of the United States or of
any civilized nation. The rationale is
specious as well as mischievous.
Our military personnel now incarcer-
ated by the North Vietnamese Govern-
ment have never been considered or
treated as prisoners of war under any
international treaty, agreement or un-
derstanding. They have been treated
simply as hostages. At, best, their treat-
ment has been wretched and nefarious.
No nation has ever waged a more vi-
cious war of terror and aggression against
another people than North Vietnam is
waging against the people of South Viet-
nam, Laos, and Cambodia. No military
authority has ever treated captured mil-
itary personnel more inhumanely. The
Nazis baked political prisoners in ovens
and made lampshades from human
skins, but they complied with interna-
tional rules of warfare respecting cap-
LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR
WEEK OF JUNE 12
(Mr. GERALD R. FORD asked and
was given permission to address the
quiring of the distinguished majority
leader as the program for the remainder
of this week, if any, and the schedule for
next week.
Mr. BOGGS. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to the
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask gentleman from Louisiana.
unanimous consent that the managers Mr. BOGGS. In response to the request
on the part of the House appointed on the of the distinguished minority leader, we
bill H.R. 14734 not be bound by the have completed the legislative business
restrictions of clause 3, rule XX. for this week, and I intend to ask to go
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to over to Monday.
the request of the gentleman from Penn- Monday is District day, but there are
sylvania? no bills from the District Committee. We
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, reserving the have scheduled H.R. 10792, the SBA loan
right to object, may we have an expla- ceiling, which will be called up under an
nation of what this exemption is, please? open rule with 1 hour of debate.
Mr. MORGAN. Will the gentleman Also H.R. 12846, the Armed Forces drug
yield? treatment program, with an open rule
Mr. HALL. I am glad to yield to the and 1 hour of debate.
gentleman. On Tuesday and. the balance of the
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, the Sen- week H.R. 14370, State and Local Fiscal
ate has combined in a single bill three Assistance Act, with a closed rule and 8
authorizations which passed the House hours of debate. That is the revenue-
as separate bills:. sharing bill.
H.R. 13336, the authorization for the Also the Labor-HEW appropriation for
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, fiscal year 1973 and the Interior appro-
passed the House April 12, 1972; priation for fiscal year 1973.
H.R. 14734, the authorizations for the On Wednesday we will observe Flag
Department of State and the. United Day, which is customary, and on Thurs-
States Information Agency, passed the day the President of Mexico will address
House May 17, 1972; and , a joint meeting of the House and Senate
The House this afternoon has passed here.
H.R. 14149, the Peace Corps authoriza- Of course, conference reports may be
tion. brought up at any time, and any further
All of these authorizations are included program will be announced later,
in the bill passed by the Senate May 31. Mr. GERALD R, FORD. Would the
The Senate took H.R. 14734, the State gentleman from Louisiana tell the House,
Department and U.S. Information Agen- is there a distinct possibility or not for
cy authorizations, struck out all after a session next Friday?
the enacting clause and inserted the text Mr. BOGGS. Well, I would say there is
of their omnibus bill, including the au- a possibility. I do not want to rule out,a
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 8, 1972
tured military personnel. They never
suggested using POW's as hostages or
shields.
The commanding general of the North
Vietnamese military needs no sugges-
tion from a Member of the Congress on
how to mistreat captured military per-
sonnel or cause agony and worry to their
families and loved ones at home.
I strongly wish that a mutual cease
fire could be adopted, that the fighting,
bombing, shooting, and- killing could
stop, the war ended, and peace prevail.
This will require the initiative, resolve
and action of both sides. Perhaps it can
be achieved soon; but in the meantime
the suggestion that POW's be used as
shields is barbarous.
Actually our POW's would bo safer in
the city squares than in camps or prisons
near military targets. Placing POW's
near military facilities would be an
heinous and explicit violation of the Ge-
neva Conventions.
We as Members of the Congress and
human beings interested in the humani-
tarian treatment of other human beings
should be urging compliance rather
than violations of the Geneva conven-
tions.
The wives and families of our POW's
and our MIA's have every reason to be
shocked and angered by this suggestion.
I trust the gentleman will retract his
suggestion. I am confident he never in-
tended the barbarous implication of his
remarks.
Let us urge both sides to mutually cease
fire and negotiate a peace so that all
killing, terror, apprehension, and agony
of servicemen, civilians, and their fami-
lies can be ended so that all peoples
can live in true peace with freedom.
The President's proposal for peace
seems to be the best and most generous
proposal yet offered.
Using prisoners of war in such a dia-
bolic way would violate every rule of law
and international agreement. This use of
prisoners would violate every tenent of
humanitarian treatment of human be-
ings.
His premise is a mischievous misrepre-
sentation of the purpose, policy, and
practice of our present bombing in North
Vietnam. The targets are military, not
city squares. Cities are not being bombed.
Although accidents and mistakes can and
do occur, especially during war, we are
scrupulously avoiding strictly civilian
structures and civilian personnel.
Our targets have military value-sur-
face-to-air missile sites; ammunition
and fuel storage dumps; transportation
and logistics systems; powerplants; mar-
shaling yards for tanks, weapons, and
trucks; and concentrations of troops and
fuel supplies.
We have taken extraordinary precau-
tions to warn their ,government, their
people, and their suppliers of our objec-
tives and targets. We have been extraor-
dinarily successful. We all know that if
our bombing was hitting civilian struc-
tures or injuring civilian personnel that
the North Vietnamese Government would
supply the world media with plenty of
documentary photographs and I am con-
fident they would find some newspaper
or television network to publish the pho-
tos for all of America and the world to
Approved
see. But this has not happened. And al-
though I wish that the bombing, mining,
shooting, and killing were not occurring,
I am grateful that our objectives are mil-
itary and not civilian. I wish also that the
objectives, policies, and practices of the
North Vietnamese were the same.
HIGHER EDUCATION ACT
The SPEAKER. Under a previous or-
der of the House, the gentleman from
Michigan (Mr. McDoNALD) is recognized
for 10 minutes.
Mr. McDONALD of Michigan. Mr.
Speaker, I am taking this special order
today, because there was not sufficient
time allotted during the debate on the
Higher Education Act conference report.
If time had been allotted to me today
to make my remarks they would have
been basically in agreement with those
made by our distinguished minority
leader, GERALD FORD.
I voted against the conference report
because the so-called antibusing amend-
ment would have no positive effect on
the busing problem within my congres-
sional district, and as was pointed out
by Congressman FORD, experts have sug-
gested that it may have no effect on
busing whatsoever.
Mr. Speaker, at this time I quote an
article and editorial of May 18 and 19
of the New York Times:
The Amendment (Broomfield) would delay
for up to nineteen months, pending all ap-
peals, any Federal Court orders requiring
busing to achieve racial balance. On that
basis, it does not prohibit busing necessary
for school desegregation. It merely adheres
to the Supreme Court's ruling that It Is
proper for the Lower Courts to order busing
to achieve integration but not to create
racial balance.
The Broomfield amendment was also
changed in conference so that it applies
only through 1973.
The full impact of conference com-
mittee changes in the House antibusing
amendments is described in the article
in the May 18 New York Times:
The compromise would also permit Fed-
eral money to be used for busing if this was
sought by local officials, and it would allow
Federal officials to encourage busing under
the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The conferees basically accepted the Sen-
ate language outlawing busing only if it
endangered the health of pupils or required
them to be sent to inferior schools.
The liberal New York Times editorial
described the conference action as fol-
lows:
The Conference compromise, which closely
resembles the earlier Scott-Mansfield Amend-
ment, is designed to do as little harm as
possible. Its liberal authors would undoubt-
edly agree that it serves no constructive
purpose in its own right; rather, it is a
shield for saving the college campuses with-
out actively sabotaging school integration.
For all of the above reasons stated, I
opposed the conference report.
PART III-CHILDREN'S
ALLOWANCES
The SPEAKER. Under a previous
order of the House, the gentleman from
Texas (Mr. GONZALEZ) is recognized for
10 minutes.
Mr. GONZA L. Mr. Speaker. I insert
the third and fir al excerpt of the study
on the various children's allowances
proposals all ove - the world. The charge
that these progr ,ms spur the birth rate
is one which I lieve to be groundless,
based on Canada's experiences. I sub-
mit your special attention to the sec-
tion entitled "Irtipact on Birth Rates"
in this study:
IMPACT ~,F BIRTH RATES
OTH R MEATORES
Table 3 provide acomparison of the ex-
peaditures for chi rents allowances in terms
of both total so sal security expenditures
and the GNP in ach of the five countries
under considerat on. The definitions set
forth in a 1967 st dy is by the International
Labor Organizatio (ILA) were used to up-
date the expends ures for 1966, 1967, and
1968 as far as possible.
TABLE 3.-EXPENDITURkS FOR CHILDREN'S ALLOWANCES
AS A PERCENT OF T TAL SOCIAL SECURITY EXPENDI-
TURES AND OF GROS NATIONAL PRODUCT. FIVE 000N-
TRIES,1966-68
E#penditures for children's aflwances
A~ percentcf total
social security As percent of gross
expenditures' national product
Country z66 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968
Canada r____--- ---- 1 .7
France____._ 2.3
Sweden3_____ 2
United Kingdom ..7
West Germany . ------ .3
11.2 9.3 1.0 1.0 0.9
24.5 24.5 3.7 3.6 3.6
8-2 6.8 1.3 1.3 1.2
3.6 5.9 .4 .4 .7
3.5 3.2 .7 .6 .6
I Social security expen,tures include administrative expendi-
tures but generally exc ude those for government employee
programs, industrial occ pational pension plans, and benefits
under private medical are insurance plans. The data used
here, except as otherwi noted, are defined as in "The Cost of
Social Security" (International Labor Organization), 1967.
2 Children's allowance include tamily allowances and youth
allowances but exclude t o schooling allowances of the Province
of Quebec. Social security expenditures exclude housing, ed-
ucation, and agricultural price support programs.
3 Children's allowance tor 1967 estimated.
Source: Data for child n's allowances: Canada-Department
of National Health and Welfare, Annual Report, Fiscal Year
Ending March 31, 19681 pp. 127-128; France--Ministere de
I'Economie et des Finan Statistiques at Etudes Financieres,
pp. 406-417; Sweden-166 from Social Security in the Nordic
Countries, 1966 (Stall cal Reports of the Nordic Countries,
No. 16, Copenhagen, 196 ), and 1968lromtheSwedishEmbassy,
Washington, D.C.; Unit Kingdom--Annual Abstract of Sta-
tistics, 1969; West Ger any-Der Bundesminister tur Arbeit
and Sozialordnung, At Is and Sozialstatistische Mitteifungen,
July 1969, pp. 209-211 Data for social security ex enditures:
Canada-Department ot, National Health and Welffare, Social
Security in Canada, I , p. 77; France--same as children's
allowances; Sweden-1 and 1967 from Social-Nytt, No. 5,
1969, p. 17, and 1968 fro the Swedish Embassy in Washington,
D.C.; United Kingdom Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1969;
West Germany--same a children's allowances. Data for gross
national product: Inter ational Monetary Fund, International
Financial Statistics, at )1970.
In 1968, the re Lilts relate favorably to the
data in table 2. Vance is well ahead of the
other countries ith about one-fourth of all
social security trays going to children's
allowances. Except for Canada, the other
countries rank in the same order as they did
in relation to average earnings: Sweden, the
United Kingdom] and West Germany.
For Canada. the proportion of total social
security expenditures directed toward chil-
dren's allows 9.3 percent-indicates
relatively low total expenditures rather than
high children's allowances. This point is
borne out by the GNP figure, which is con-
siderably lower for Canada than for the
other countries. till, expenditures have risen
substantially wit4i the maturing of the Can-
ada and Quebec Tension plans and the low-
ering of the retirement age year by year.
Except for th United Kingdom, national
outlays for chit en's allowances account for
a declining proportion of total social security
expenditures as defined and calculated by
Footnotes at ekrd of article.
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May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
S 8611
batten down the hatches against change, or states, and the Federal government has made CITATION OF WARREN G. MAGNUSON ON BEING
even the exploration of change. such a deliberate investment in each of you. PRESENTED THE DEGREE OF DocTOR of LAWS,
In a day of exploding knowledge and better That is why Gallaudet was established and HONORIS CAUSA
informed people, the bigot reads history and became a national responsibility. As you Senator Warren G.. Magnuson is one of
economics, sociology and science, in terms of know, only too well, Gallaudet is unique. the great statesmen of American political life.
what has been-rather than what is, or what But again, you are all pretty typical of all Representing the people of the state of Wash-
could be. 1972 college graduates because the public and ington in the United States Congress for the
The bigot waits in the snug harbor of private cdntribution towards the expense of last thirty-five years, the Senator has proven
some America Past-bombarding every land- these educational programs far exceeds the his concern for the "little man." He has
ing party of the, present or the future. Bigo- tuition and fees paid by students. On that been a knowledgeable and influential. advo-
try attacks from every direction, and the count, Gallaudet only differs in the degree of cate in the fields of environmental protec-
future is in jeopardy whenever critical exam- that Federal support. tion, health care, bio-medical research; vot-
ination is thwarted or blocked whether it be Along with other members of the Congress, ing rights, air safety, and consumer protec-
from the right, left or center. I have been happy to be in a position to be tion. Bringing his considerable experience
Anyone who limits inquiry for the sake of some assistance directly to Gallaudet; to and expertise to bear on these problems, he
of his own cluster of causes is a dangerous assist the special programs on your campus has authored major pieces of legislation and
foe, and the bigot constantly stands in the at the elementary and secondary levels that has become identified as the "father of the
pathway of progress. are about ready to come into full bloom and consumer movement." Senator Magnuson,
Conformity is the second danger. Conform- that are setting a pace for the whole nation who ranks fourth in seniority in the United
ity arrives in drab, protective clothing. Whis- to follow; and recently, we've moved Gallau- States Senate, has several key committee
pering, rather than shouting, rarely making det into an area of leadership that has been assignments, including chairmanship of the
headlines or drawing attention of any sort. too long neglected-continuing education Committee on Commerce. He is a member
Conformity argues its case with a variety programs for deaf adults. We hope that pro- of the Senate Appropriations Committee and
of spurious reasons: prudence-good taste- gram too will have an impact in communi- Chairman of its Subcommittee on Labor,
"no sense in rocking the boat". But conform- ties all over the nation. Health, Education and Welfare. In this capac-
ity is no less deadly than bigotry when, in We want to do more, not just on the Gal- ity, he introduced and guided through the
its quiet fashion, it reduces honest dissent, laudet campus, but all over our nation. Right Senate the Act testablishing direct medical
divergence and difference within society. It now there are three special pilot programs care to private citizens living in rural and
is a state of mind which is deadening to free for the deaf underway at Community Col- urban poverty.
inquiry and to education upon which all leges in Seattle, St. Paul and New Orleans. Continuing his interest in the neglected
growth ultimately rests. If the initial results of these efforts hold up, groups in American society, the Senator
We should protect non-conformity which it is obvious we should have many more such recently has sponsored the appropriation of
leads to the ceaseless seeking of the Why of programs in local communities across the funds for continuing education services for
things, not merely the so-what of things. land. deaf adults in the United States. Deaf peo-
And you can be a non-conformist who still This brings me to a very personal chal- ple have not often had a more effective cham-
respects the opinions of others and does not leng'e that I feel all of you graduates face. pion than Senator Magnuson. We are pleased
violate decent procedures. Historically it was the hearing who decided to recognize him today, not only for his serv-
The third danger is Fear. A common retort what was best for the deaf, and then did it. ices to the deaf, but for his broader contribu-
df the the Fear-mongers when their works are Granted, it was good that something was tions to the quality of life in the nation.
condemned, is to insist that there are indeed done.
things to fear. They are right, of course. Yet that was. a very paternal, patronizing
There are causes of anxiety and concern in way of doing things. The fact that some suc- CONCLUSION OF MORNING
our world today. We live in a period of human cesses resulted means that such an approach - BUSINESS
history where the race is between civiliza- was not all wrong. But, it was not all right
tion and catastrophe. We are called upon for either. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, is
wisdom and leadership unmatched in the The deaf can't be content to be told what there further morning business?
past. We can provide leadership only out of a they should do, and how they should do it, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
quality of mind which is open, and exploring, by their hearing brethren. The deaf must not
and free and sensible. only ask, but demand a voice in the private pore. Is there further morning business?
No one can provide this leadership out of and public agencies concerned with deaf If not, morning business is concluded.
fear. The fear-mongers would sow a whirl- people.
wind of panic. As college graduates, you have an extra
Most of the fears they would post in our responsibility to carry the ball for your MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE
nightmares are vague and diffuse.- Fears brethren. You must become active and in-
about hidden enemies so secret that we can't volved citizens in your home communities- A message from the House of Repre-
hope to see them. Fears about ideologies so in civic and community affairs, and yes-in sentatives by Mr. Berry, one of its read-
insidious that they are said to infect Presi- politics. - - - ing clerks, announced that the House
dents and Supreme Court Justices, Members You must demand a voice in these deci- had passed the following bill in which
of Congress, teachers in our neighborhood sions concerning programs for the deaf, and it requests the concurrence of the
schools, and professors in our colleges. you must fight to see that the right decisions Senate:
Those are the panic-born fears that Fear- are made.
mongers would peddle, while keeping the The right decisions that establish good H.R. 9669. An act to amend the Sub-
silence of the dead about the true dangers in programs to meet the needs of the deaf, versive Activities Control Act of 1950,
our society-the dangers of smugness, and in- and the right decisions in the perennial ef- as amended.
difference, and complacency. forts to secure adequate funds to support
So, mount your chargers, because whatever those programs.
your role in helping to meet the challenges In closing, might I say again that it is you HOUSE BILL REFERRED
of our time, you must expect to come up who have honored me by inviting me to be a
against bigotry, conformity and fear. I'm sure participant in your graduation ceremonies. The bill (H.R. 9669) to amend the
that you've already faced them-in your per- I know that feeling is shared by all of my Subversive Activities Control Act of
sonal lives, and at a very early age. But you've colleagues from the Congress who are also 1950, as amended, was read twice by
all persevered. And in so doing you won over here today. - its title and referred to the Committee
some of those who had doubts, and fears, and It has been a special pleasure for me be-
reservations about deaf people. cause I view each of you as a notch above on the Judiciary.
As you leave Gallaudet, you will be severely the average college graduate. You have had
tested in the most vital quality that . any special challenges in your lives. Each of you
college can encourage-your individuality and met those challenges head on, you persevered FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZA-
how you can fit into, and help make this a and overcome, and that speaks highly for TION ACT OF 1972 -
better world. each of you.
You are more formally entering a society in That confirms that fact that each of you The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
which you can trade your individuality for has those qualities that our nation needs for pore (Mr. HUGHES). Under the previous
togetherness; your freedom of mind for con- our future, and that the future of our nation order, the Chair lays before the Senate
fortuity; your common sense for panic or can be a better one.
pessimism. the unfinished business, which the clerk
There will be many pressures to do so. It ou w congratulations ngratulations to you all-we wish will state.
will be easy to give in. Some of you might, y The legislative clerk read as follows:
but if you do you will default on the highest Senator MAGNUSON was awarded a A bill (S. 3526) to provide authorizations
promise that is yours. But I know that you doctor of laws, honoris causa, by Gal- for certain agencies conducting the foreign
will not take the easy way. laudet College and the following citation relations of the United States, and for other
That is why your parents, your home was presented during those ceremonies: purposes.
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S 8612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE i fay ' 1, 19
The Senate proceeded to consider the shall be submitted to 1-he Congress not later of the total tr sfer of arms and mili-
bill. than six months after such date. ttlry tecluiology; they do not take into
ORDER OF CONSIDERATION OF AMENDMENTS Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, the amend- account small I arms and ammunition
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, urent I am offering to the Foreign Rela- which are the bkisic weapons required by
I ask unanimous consent that the pend- bons Authorization Act requires the insurgent grow s, artillery, or the costs
ing amendments to the unfinished buss- Arms Control and Disarmament A!;en- of transferring ;fnilitary expertise.
ness be temporarily laid aside and re- cy-ACDA-to prepare a comprehensive The expense df arming small countries
main in a temporarily laid-aside status report to the Congress on the inter-rra- is prodigious. The U.S. military assistance
until the amendments proposed by the tional transfer of conventional arms programs eurre tly run around $1.5 to
Senator from Delaware (Mr. Ro'sx(, the from producing to recipient countries. $2.5 billion and ally. The Soviet Union
Senator from Virginia cMr. HARRY'F. I want to thank Senators BOGGS, CASE, also bears substantial costs and has ex-
BYRD, JR.), and the Senator from Illinois HART, HUMPHREY, PROXMIRE, and SCHWEI- panded its military transfers to the de-
(Mr. PERCY) are disposed of. HER for their cosponsorship of this veloping world (during the past decade,
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- amendment. The amendment spells out Even China, a cdmparatively much poor-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. a number of topics that should be covered er country, has l been a major source of
In accordance with the previous order, by this report, including the problems military suppli for Pakistan. it is more
the following amendments are to be con- and possibilities of international agree- and more diflicillt to ascertain benefits
sidered in the following order ments regulating and limiting the trans-
to these programs commensurate with
Amendment No. 1202 of the Senator fer of such weapons and recommencla- their material, pplitical, and human costs.
from Delaware (Mr. ROTH), on which tions for future U.S. policies in this par- Thoughtful Am ricans, for example, are
there is a time limitation of 30 minutes. titularly vital and sensitive area of arms increasingly questioning the traditional
Amendment No. 1196 of the Senator control. Let me outline my reasons for rationale for our military assistance pro-
from Virginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR.i, offering this amendment. grams.
on which there is a time limitation with In recent years there has been tangible They ask: Dolthe grants or the credit
the vote to occur not later than 12:15 progress toward controlling the testing, sales of military )equipment by this coun-
p.m. emplacement, and transfer of nuclear try to developing nations help to defend
Amendment No. 1209 of the Senator weapons. The most recent significant de- incipient democ, ?acies against internal
from Illinois tMr. PEtecy), on which there velopment is the United States-Soviet threats or do they alter the internal bal-
is a time limitation of 1 hour in the event, agreement announced Friday which ]fin- ante of power wiithin these countries in
lie wishes to call up that amendment. its the race in numbers of offensive and favor of indige ous military elites? Do
The Senator from Delaware is recog- defensive nuclear missiles. It is impor- our military asst ?tance programs help to
nized. tant to continue to seek a fuller measure stabilize region balances of power or
AMPNDMEN1 No. 1202 of nuclear arms control consistent with have they provided smaller nations with
Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I can up my our national security requirements, but the capability t project thef- limited
amendment No. 1202. it is equally important to begin to explore power beyond n tional boundaries and
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- seriously ways and ineans of reducing hence the means (for aggression? Do mili-
pore. The amendment will be stated. and regulating the massive international tary assistance programs reduce the like-
The legislative clerk read as follows: traffic in conventional armaments. Al- lihood of Americn involvement in local
On page 27, after line 24, insert the foe- though all the wars occurring among the wars in develops g countries by enhanc-
lowing: developing countries since World War II ing these countries' self-defense capabil-
REPORT TO CONGRESS have been largely fought with foreign ities or do they I provide the links and
SEC. ;=.a3. (al The arms control Did Dis- supplied weapons, little national or in- rationale for U.S` involvement where in-
armament Agency with the cooperation and ternational attention has been given to trinsic_ American) interests do not exist?
assistance or other relevant government the control of this traffic. Yet, the great- Do such programs give the United States
agencies including the Department or state est danger to world peace may well lie leverage over the military policies of its
and the Department of Defense. shall pre- not so much in the sudden outbreak of allies and customers and hence some
pare and submit to the Congress a cr,mpre nuclear warfare between the superpow- power of restrai t or do they make us
hensive report on the international transfer ers, as in the step-by-step escalation of the hostage of these countries as our
of conventional arms based upon existing a local war fought with conventional honor becomes a tangled with their mili-
and new work in this area. The report shall
u
include (but not be limited to) the follow- eapons into an international war fought tary performance? Are our gifts used in
ing subjects: with nuclear weapons, ways consistent with our purposes in ex-
(1) the quantity and nature of the inter- While there are no precise figures on tending the aid r are they ultimately
national transfer of conventional arms, in- the total magnitude of the traffic in coil- employed in was quite different from
eluding the identification of the major sup- ventional arms, all the estimates point those we intended?
plying and recipient countries: to massive and growing dimensions. The The same questions might well be
(2) the policies of the major 55noriers of total annual value of transferred weap- asked by Soviet olicymakers. One sees
conventional arms toward transfer, inched- class is estimated to be around $6 billion. very little eviden that the Soviet Union
ing the lerm~ on which rhetitleer arms
available vai47e
are made afor transfensfer, w Researchers at the Massachusetts in- has acquired any) tangible rewards from
credit, grant, or cash-and-carry basis: stit?ute of Technology collected data for Indonesia or thej United Arab Republic
(3) the effects of conventional inns trans- 52 developing countries for the period commensurate with the massive military
fer on international stability and. regional from 1945 through 1968. They estimated aid programs it has extended to these
balances of power; that during that period these countries countries. Nor can one discern any spe-
(4) the impact of con; entional grins i-rans- acquired from foreign sources more than cial benefits China has received from its
for on the economies of supplying and reci- 8,000 combat aircraft; over 2,000 military military aid to Pakistan. The arming of
pient countries:
(5) the history of any negotiations on con- transport aircraft; nearly 4,000 trainer developing count>ies has not led to any
ventional arms transfer. including pass poll- aircraft; 1,300 light transport, observt- changes in the international balance of
tics adopted by the United states ;end other tion, and liaison aircraft; 1,500 helicop- power. It does, however, carry within it
suppliers of conventional arms: ters; nearly 14,000 tanks; 9,000 armored the inherent th at of superpower con-
'6) the major obstacles to negot.iat.iwns on personnel carriers; 3,000 armored cars; frontation as rec t events in Southeast
conventional arms transfer, 300 warships; nearly 500 landing ships Asia so well illus rate. It may not have
(7) the possibilities for limiting conven- and landing craft; and over 900 patrol caused any wars that might otherwise
tional arms transfer, including potentialities craft. have not taken place, but it certainly has
for international agreements,
approaches on a ne
onelrsby-ste The same study estimated that for made the wars inl such places as South-
and regional arms limitations; and s these countries merely to maintain con- east Asia, South 4sfa. and Nigeria more
t8) recommendations for future United slant force levels by replacing this equip- bloody and destrubtive. The main results
States policy on conventional arms transfer. ment as it wears out, their annual de- of the massive arming of developing
(b) The report required by subsection (a) mand would be on the order of 850 air- countries have been stalemate and an
shall be submitted to the Congress not: later craft, 500 tanks, 400 armored personnel increased level of international tensions.
thatr one year after the date of the en- carriers and armored cars, and 45 naval I believe that it would be the beginning
actnient of this Act, and an interim report craft. These figures represent only a part of wisdom for both superpowers to en-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE S 8613
gage in negotiations leading toward the atmosphere which contributed to later
regulation and limitation of supplies of agreements on nuclear arms.
military weapons to other countries. What forums are appropriate for
President Nixon, in his address to the negotiations on the transfer of conven-
Soviet people, spoke of the responsibility tional arms? For some categories of
of the superpowers "ot practice restraint weapons bilateral agreements between
in those activities-such as the supply the superpowers maye be enough to im-
of arms-that might endanger the peace pose a reasonably satisfactory degree of
of the developing areas." I very much control. For other weapons, a multi-
hope that the Soviet Union will heed lateral conference of the Committee on
this call. At the same time I believe that Disarmament at Geneva may be a more
.we must look to our own part of this re-
sponsibility by developing an American
policy toward the international transfer
of conventional arms. I believe that the
report required by this amendment
would provide, in broad outlines, the
basis for such a policy. And I believe that
an expression of congressional interest
in this subject and a public document of
our intent will not only strengthen our
Government's efforts to make progress
toward limiting arms transfer, but may
stimulate other governments-including
the Soviet Union-to declare their in-
tentions as well.
I am aware that the Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency has prepared and
sponsored a number of studies on the
subject of conventional arms transfer. I
am also aware that the United States
has called for greater attention to this
issue at the Geneva-based Conference. of
the Committee on Disarmament. But
there is nothing yet approaching a cohe-
sive set of American policy objectives,
nor, to my knowledge, has the United
States presented any specific proposals
for limiting conventional transfer at any
international forum.
The lack of progress in this area is
partly a reflection of the many difficult
and complex considerations that require
the attention of our diplomats and execu-
tive departments before an American
policy can even be formulated. Let me
give some illustrations of the considera-
tions which ACDA must grapple with in
preparing the report required by this
amendment.
What would constitute a reasonable
level of military assistance to smaller
countries? Obviously, these countries do
have legitimate internal security needs,
and some, like Israel, whose right to ex-
istence has not been acknowledged by her
neighbors, also have legitimate external
What possibilities exist for limitations
on arms supply to specific geographical
regions? Would the countries within
these regions have to initiate such limi-
tations? Would an arms limitation agree-
ment require a great power accord to
underwrite it, for example, a neutraliza-
tion agreement such as the one proposed
by several Southeast Asian countries?
What can be done about the vast
quantities of weapons that are consid-
ered obsolete by the superpowers? As the
superpowers introduce more modern air-
craft, ships, and small arms, the weapons
these replace are often given to develop-
ing countries as military assistance in-
stead of being scrapped. This practice
tends to make the level of assistance
linked more closely to the rate of weap-
ons development in the donor countries
than to the actual security needs of the
recipient countries. Perhaps internation-
al agreements could be reached on the
disposal of obsolete equipment.
How can middle-sized arms suppliers
be induced to cooperate in efforts to
reduce the traffic in weapons? This is a
particularly difficult issue because the
middle-sized suppliers incur fewer politi-
cal risks from their activities than the
superpowers, and may achieve signifi-
cant economic benefits both in balance-
of-payments terms and in support for
maintaining profitable levels of produc-
tion of more sophisticated weapons.
Other problems exist. How can we more
effectively prevent the retransfer of
weapons from our aid recipients to coun-
tries or groups whose interests may be
entirely different from our own? Would
the collection of statistics on conven-
tional arms movements by the U.Nr-as
proposed by several member govern-
ments facilitate greater international ap-
preciation of the size and growth of this
traffic?
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Who yields time?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield myself 5
minutes.
Mr. President, I think the amendment
by the distinguished Senator from Dela-
ware is excellent. I certainly will sup-
port it. It is an area in which the Arms
Control Agency has authority; but, so far
as I know, it has never undertaken such
a comprehensive review of conventional
arms.
Hopefully, in view of the ending of the
war in Vietnam, there will be great sur-
plus there and elsewhere in the world.
I think it is an excellent amendment,
and I would be pleased to accept it. If I
had thought of it in committee, I would
have offered it there. I congratulate the
Senator for bringing it up. I think it is a
worthwhile and timely amendment. We
should encourage them to make a thor-
ough review and a comprehensive report
on the status of conventional arms all
over the world. We ourselves have done
a great deal in distributing the arms. It
is our responsibility, I think, to' review
the situation. So I would be very glad to
take the amendment and I certainly as-
sure the Senator I will support it as hard
as I can in conference because it'is a
good amendment.
I am prepared to yield back my time
if the Senator from Delaware wishes and
we can vote on his amendment at once.
Mr. ROTH. I thank the Senator for his
kind comments.
Mr. President, I yield back the remain-
der of my time.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
yield back the remainder of my time.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore (Mr. HUGHES). All time on this
amendment has now been yielded back.
The question is on agreeing to amend-
ment No. 1202 of the Senator from Dela-
ware (Mr. ROTH) .
The amendment was agreed to.
AMENDMENT NO. 1196
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Consideration of amendment No.
1196 by the distinguished Senator from
Virginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr.) now
recurs under the previous order.
The clerk will state the amendment.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to read the amendment as fol-
lows :
On page 30, delete lines 12 through 18.
The language sought to be deleted is
as follows:
REPEAL OF RHODESIAN SANCTIONS PROVISIONS
SEC. 503. (a) Section 10 of the Strategic
and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act, as
added by section 503 of Public Law 92-156
(relating to military procurement authoriza-
tions for fiscal year 1972), is repealed.
(b) Section 11 of such Act is redesignated
as section 10.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Who yields time?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum and ask
unanimous consent that the time not be
taken out of either side.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered,
and the clerk will call the roll.
security problems. It would not be wise There are no simple answers to these
to stimulate the growth of many costly and the many other questions that must
and inef icient arms industries in the de- be considered when reassessing our
veloping world at the expense of eco- policies toward the aiming of smaller
nomic progress by restricting the exter- countries. But, we begin to examine these
nal supplies of weapons to levels below questions and formulate specific policy
those required to meet legitimate security proposals. This is why I am asking for
requisites. At the same time, the super- a report from the Arms Control and
powers should halt the practice of ag- Disarmament Agency containing policy
gressively peddling arms and emphasiz- recommendations. A vote for this amend-
ing security threats to potential recip- ment is a request for a thorough evalua-
ients that exist more in the imaginations tion of the policy options on conventional
of the donors than in the perceptions of arms transfer open to this country. It is
their clientele. an exercise in responsible congressional
What categories of weapons are most participation in foreign policy. Certainly
susceptible to international agreements? we can all agree that this would be a
For example, a beginning might be made better and safer world if the number of
in sophisticated and conspicuous equip- instruments of coercion were reduced.
ment such as warships, which could pro- And all can agree that the vast material
vide an impetus for further international and monetary resources we and other
cooperation dealing with other weapons countries pour into weapons could be
systems much as the Limited Test Ban better used to enrich the quality of our
Treaty helped provide the psychological lives and societies.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 31, 197:"
The second assistant legislative clerk
proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent. I ask unanimous consent that the
order for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
STEVENSON). Without objecton, it is so
ordered.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr Presi-
dent, I yield myself 5 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Virginia is recognized for 5
minutes.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, the pending amendment would keep
the law as it is now insofar as the im-
portation of chrome from Rhodesia is
concerned. Last year the Senate and then
the House of Representatives passed leg-
islation which said that if a strategic
material is being imported from a Com-
munist-dominated country, the President
could not prohibit the importation of that
same strategic material from a non-
Communist country.
The Senate adopted that provision and
the House approved it by a vote of 251
to 100. The Foreign Relations Commit-
tee in the Foreign Relations Act of 1972
now seeks to eliminate that provision.
The pending amendment which I have
introduced would keep the law as it is.
Mr. President, it seems to me appro-
priate that if the United States finds it
necessary to import a strategic material
from a Communist-dominated country-
which in this case is Russia-the same
material should not be prohibited from
being imported from a non-Communist
country.
The situation that the United States
found itself in-and the reason the
legislation was enacted last year and be-
came effective January 1 of this year
after having been signed by the Presi-
dent-was that up to that point 60 per-
cent of all the importation of chrome
came from Communist Russia. That is
another way of saying that the United
States became dependent on Communist
Russia for this vital raw material. And
when the Congress considered the mat-
ter, it reached the, conclusion that that
was not a very logical situation to permit
to exist.
I do not know why the Committee on
Foreign Relations wants-to repeal an act
which just became effective this past
January. Nevertheless, it has been pro-
posed that this provision be repealed.
I want to emphasize that when the roll
was called in the Senate and in the House
of Representatives, taken together, repre-
sentatives from 46 of the 50 States sup-
ported the provision which subsequently
became law. So this is not a regional mat-
ter; it is a national matter. It is not a
State Department matter; it is a national
defense matter. Does the United States
want to continue to be dependent on
Communist Russia for a vital war mate-
rial? That is the issue.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time
of the Senator has expired.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, I reserve the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time? If no one yields time, time
will run equally against both sides.
Mr. McGEE addressed the Chair.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair
recognizes the Senator from Wyoming.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I will take
only a very few moments at this time. We
have colleagues, I suspect, coming into
the Chamber who wish to address them-
selves to this question.
Before I proceed I ask unanimous con-
sent that the legislative director of my
staff, Mr. Robert Bullock be permitted to
join me on the floor during the course of
this discussion.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I wish to
make two or three points quickly as we
recapitulate the issues in connection with
this question.
Considering where we are today some
8 or 9 months since the Senate acted on
this question last October 6, it is vital
that we have a look backward at what
has happened in the wake of that Senate
action. During the debate in October last
year one of the points that was made re-
peatedly in this Chamber was that we
should at least hold off with Senate ac-
tion for about 30 days until the British
and the Rhodesians could complete their
negotiations, which were even then un-
derway. They had been negotiating off
and on for a considerable length of time
to try to reach a compromise on their im-
passe in regard to the status of the Ian
Smith government in Rhodesia, in its
relationship to the United Kingdom, and
most important of all, its proposals for
effecting a transition into independence
with an accord that would spell some
hope for the 95 percent or more black
Africans in Rhodesia's population.
The Senate in its wisdom chose not to
suspend any action until those negotia-
tions were over. In fact, we acted even as
the talks between the British and the
Smith government were reaching a cli-
max. The result, in hindsight, is now very
clear: The moment the Senate took the
action it did, that vote was transmitted
by the news services to Rhodesia, at
which point we have the testimony of
both Governments that it froze and hard-
ened the Rhodesian Government's nego-
tiating position. The upshot of it was that
out of those talks came a less than equi-
table compromise. The Rhodesian gov-
ernment of Ian Smith was emboldened
to resist even more firmly the pressures
for compromise and its firmness in re-
sisting them was triggered in large meas-
ure, we are told, by the action of the U.S.
Senate on the sanctions.
I have just returned from a conference
on the Isle of Jersey this month with our
British contemporaries, many of our
Canadian contemporaries, and an assort-
ment of experts on Africa. The purpose
of the conference was to examine the
status of many African questions now,
but. the point made to me personally by
leaders of the Labor Party in England
and by the leaders of the conservative
government, was that the, bargaining in
a realistic sense once the Senate took its
action withdrawing from sanctions
against Rhodesia; and the substance of
this judgment is borne out now by the
Pearce Commission report.
The Pearce Commission was set up to
assess the consequences of the agreement
that was reached between the British
conservative government and the Ian
Smith government in Rhodesia. What
the Pearce Commission concluded after
10ng, tortuous, aid everyone agrees, fair
hearings, was that the terms of the
hardened agreement were unacceptable
to the 95-percetit-black population in
Rhodesia. What this meant in very blunt
terms is that thF~ Senate of the United
States, by its action in withdrawing its
full participation in sanctions against
Rhodesia, contributed to the sabotage of
efforts to negoti ,e an equitable compro-
mise between R odesia and Her Majes-
ty's government i i London.
That is a, serious charge, Mr. President,
but it is a charg( that the Senator from
Wyoming alone does not make; it is a
charge containe now in the record of
the history of those times that we are
now privileged t examine in hindsight.
My petition here today is that the Sen-
ate soberly reconsider what it did. The
British petitionrs, the African peti-
tioners, and theI United Nations peti-
tioners, too, req est that action. They
ask for one mor chance to look at the
question. Again acid again, those persons
coming out of Rhodesia and those who
are more widely! versed in connection
with the entire vkst continent of Africa
are saying that the prospect of a violent
settlement of the questions in that part
of the world is g eater now in the wake
of the continue impasse in Rhodesia
than before. I wo ild be the first to point
out that the United States single-handed
cannot solve all] the problems of the
world, but we have influence and what
we do, and say makes a great difference
to people all over this globe, and it makes
a particular di erencle to people in
Africa. I would stress that what looms
even larger than t did last October is a
second implicatio involved in the action
that this body is now being requested to
take.
That is the rol . of the United States
itself in the Unite Nations, and the role
of the United Nailions as man's only re-
maining hope of omething just a little
bit better for our t ?orld.
Let me spell out why the U.N. looms
very large this morning as we share our
thoughts on this troublesome problem.
At the point away pack in 1966 when rela-
tions between Great Britain and Rhode-
sia had reached tieir crisis, when it ap-
peared at that tittle as though the only
likely recourse was a shoot-out in Rhode-
sia, the United States interceded as an
honest broker and begged the British
not to take a precij)itous position; begged
the Rhodesians not to respond in a pre-
cipitous way. and said, "Let us give it one
more chance." We urged that the issue be
taken to the United Nations, where it had
not been lodged until that time. Partially
at our behest, t rough. our persuasion
as the honest broker in that dispute, the
question was turn d over to the 'U.N.
My friend from Virginia has often
reiterated his stroipg support of the Unit-
ed Nations. I have reiterated mine. That
is why I think it; is important that we
look at the U.N. rape in this question and
what is at stake, !because by the judg-
ment of the United Nations, a program of
sanctions was ordered against Rhodesia.
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May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
S 8615
A program of sanctions, in the modern brief remarks and to say that we are the United Nations Charter says that
world with modern communications, is being judged all over the world by where body shall not interfere in the affairs of
always a complication. As we well know, we stand,now. We are being judged in another nation, it shall not determine
of the sanctions once they were imposed
by the United Nations; but, even so, it was
a serious enough matter that the Ian
Smith government still today squirms
under the worldwide question mark that
is thrown over the legitimacy of that re-
gime by this official U.N. sanctions pro-
gram, and Smith is still striving to get out
from under the program.
It is also well to note that even the
Republic of South Africa, .even Portugal,
two nations that might have been ex-
pected to be more or less sympathetic
with the Rhodesian question, have not
formally acted to break the sanctions
program.
The irony of it is that the United States
of America, one of the principal archi-
tects of the original document that came
out of San Francisco at the e id of World
War II, the United States within whose
boundaries this great international body
is lodged, the United StXes which at its
own initiative persuaded the British to
turn this matter over to the United Na-
tions rather than go to the next stage,
which could have been force, which both
sides feared-the United States became
the one member of the United Nations
which, by the action which this body in-
itiated, formally and openly broke faith
with a United Nations commitment.
That, Mr. President, is what our coun-
try is going to be on the line for. That is
the judgment that we shall have to
account for as we stand before the bar of
hostory when we profess in our rhetoric
and in our profuse oratory about how we
believe in the U.N. and how important it
is that, the U.N. succeeds. I say here it is
going to take a great deal more than
rhetoric to reestablish our own integrity
in the U.N. It is well enough to say we
pay more than anybody else in the U.N.,
but you do not buy principles with dol-
lars; you support principles with the
integrity .of your deeds. That is why the
whole question of the U.N. is a para-
mount issue here as this body debates
this question today.
The United Nations has been in a low
state for the past few months, for many
complicated reasons. The big powers
have been on the front pages and the
front line, trying to resolve the differ-
ences of the world. But, Mr. President,
let us not be the one that gives up the
last ray of hope for collective action
through an organization of all of the
credibility of our oral commitments to Yet that is exactly what they are at-
equality among all peoples around the tempting to do in. this particular in-
world; by these same black Africans stance.
who predominate in that vast conti- It has the perfect capacity to recog-
nent-we are not talking about a minor- nize and create all kinds of nations if
ity; they are the majority; they are the it likes them, if it wants their vote in
majority; they are the minority only in the United Nations. But if it does not
us for some flickering gesture at the
very least to give them some hope for
following our lead.
President Nixon is in foreign lands
today-has been for over a week-lead-
ing in an effort to ease the tensions of
the world. The President has scored
some breakthroughs in China, in the
East, and still more breakthroughs in
the trip to Moscow, and now in Iran, and
today he goes to Poland. But I say, Mr.
President, the world is round. It is not
flat. In is not elongated. It is round, and
a part of that round is the second largest
continent in the world, the continent of
Africa. And we are being judged in
Africa today.
So I say, Mr. President, that I think
it is of the utmost importance that, with-
out risk, without compromising the
security of this country, without con-
travening in any way the President's
heroic efforts to bring peace in the world,
but, in fact, complementing them and
implementing them, this body would do
well to rejoin the United Nations in its
action in enforcing sanctions against the
Government of Rhodesia for the dura-
tion of the judgment of the U.N., which
until now at least has been conditioned
on the negotiating efforts between the
British Government and the Rhodesian
Government to work out a livable com-
promise of their differences.
Mr. President, I yield the floor.
Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Virginia yield me 5 min-
utes?
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I am glad to
yield 7 minutes to the distinguished Sen-
Rhodesia, it does not recognize them, it
just says, "We are going to impose sanc-
tions on you and keep you from existing."
I marvel at the people in this country
who talk about integrity of principle, and
who say that the United States should
not be a world policeman. I agree with
that. But then what are they doing med-
dling with Greece? What are they doing
coming before Congress and saying that
we should not have any relationship with
Greece because that nation does not fit
their own personal standards of majority
rule?
Look at the utter hypocrisy, the sheer,
rank hypocrisy of the United Nations in
the instance of Taiwan. They did not
happen to like the country of Taiwan.
They happened to decide they wanted to
play the power game, so they chose a big
guy over a little guy, and said, "We are
going to bring Red China into the United
Nations, and at the same time we are
not going to give the 14 million people
on that island representation; we are
going to throw them out." What a bunch
of garbage there is in that position. Con-
sistency? It is not consistency, it is hypoc-
risy, pure and rank.
Talk about the equality of all people.
That is an objective we all share. I guess
you can say that the people of Eastern
Europe are equal in terms of the degree
of slavery they suffer. But where were
these people who speak out for equality
when the people of Poland, the people of
Hungary, or the people of Czechoslovakia
sought their own freedom? Where were
they then?
You see, it depends on whose ox is being
gored. The shoe does not seem to fit on
Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, perhaps I both feet. There is no consistency of de
might be accorded the privilege of sort tion here. It just depends on which side
you
sn
of wondering aloud at some of the com- you are sayon. You
sanctions," ," Rhodesia,
"impose not
ments made by the Senator from Wyo- you , plead and cr "and crwanand then
ming. y about wanting to in-
He has mentioned the rhetoric of this crease trade with Eastern Europe and
debate. I would agree that it has wan- I with do the not inSoviet Union.
ob-
dered far afield on occasion. But when k trade that
cais an n create unfair in-
he begins to talk about the United Na- terdependency e ~er. I eny t that will enhance a the
nce the
tions, about a consistency of nhilos b
y
e
committed
a great deal of that faith. might be permitted a response, and per- try and one standard should apply that
We now have a new Secretary General haps even an evaluation of the consist- standard around the world, or they
of the United Nations. The United Na- ency of that remarkable body. should shut up.
tions is now seeking to get off the ground There is not a Member of the Senate I do not think the people of this coun-
again, in its effort as peacemaker and or a Member of Congress who does not try are being treated honestly. I do not
honest broker; in efforts to resolve the hope that the United Nations will play think they are being treated honestly in
differences of man around -the world. a role in creating a greater chance for the United Nations, and I do not think
This is an hour when a constructive peace in this world. But if they are going they are being treated honestly by some
action in this body, reinstituting the good to do that, they are going to have to de- of our political leadership, who have the
faith of the Senate of the United States velop a consistency of philosophy, a con- remarkable talent to select those areas
in our commitments under the Charter of sistency of position, a consistency of in- where we are going to have principles
the United Nations, would be a veritable tegrity as well as this Nation, and this and to select other areas where we will
shot in the arm to that sometimes be- they have not demonstrated. not have principles.
leaguered body in New York. When one talks about the United Na- If there is any kind of principle in this
Mr. President, that is the case that I tions and its right to impose sanctions, country, if we are going to meddle in the
wanted to make this morning in these it should be remembered that a part of affairs of men and nations, if we are
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 1, 19
going to say, We are not goirc to deal
with your country been ase we do not like
your form of government," then let us
talk about dictatorships wherever they
exist. Let us talk about inequality wher-
ever it exists. Let us h-i honest about it,
and have a common a=id consistent ap-
proach to that particu,ar problem.
But do not come to =.te and s -i4-,,, "Well,
we do not like dictate ships, bu we will
accept some because trey are liberal and
we will not accept others because they are
repressive," or whatever derogatory
term they want to us about them- Are
they dictatorships or are they not? Is
there equality or is th+ -e not?
Does a Russian Jeu have eq;:al reat-
ment? Does a Russian naptist h cve ?qual
treatment? Does a Ru -,ian Cathi)lic have
equal treatment? Doei a Russian black
have equal treatment' Does a Ukrainian
have equal treatment? Does someone in
Czechoslovakia, or Hungary, or Poland,
or Rumania, or Bul?'aria, or Albania?
Are they equally treated? Are they?
If we are going to say, as I think we
should, that it is for the people of a
country to determine heir own destiny,
that it is not for this Nation to try
to impose its will, that this is a consistent
principle which we a: e going to adhere
to, it would require that that principle
apply in all areas, not ,;ust in Eastern Eu-
rope, not just in Vietnam or Asia. It
would apply in Rhod-::sia and Africa. as
well.
But let us decide w.iicli angle we are
going to take. Let us decide where the
consistency is, when. the principle is,
where the integrity s, and then let us
adhere to it. And I v ould be perfectly
willing to do that. You see, I happen to
agree with a lot of t`_ose people in this
country who have been critical of our
actions in Southeast ?.pia, in one instance,
when, we say we have got to make a de-
cision'whether an action we take is in our
national self-interest first, because this
Nation cannot really be the guardian of
the peace if it is not strong, and if we
destroy ourselves, we are not going to be
very effective in saving anyone else.
Where is the American self-interest in
this particular question? I think it is
fair to ask. Is it in our self-interest to
leave ourselves totally- at the whim and
wish of one nation, the Soviet Union, for
our supply of a terribly strategic material
like chrome? Is it? Or should we not have
an alternative source of supply'?
of the world by healing with the Rus-
sians, not by fighting them or by isolat-
ing from them at the n foment.
Jet me say- to the Senator that, in ad-
dition, the Senator no doubt is aware of
the fact that singe our dialogs here last
October, the trail figures for last year.
1971, are now a matter of record and have
been submitted t~ the President by the
U.S. Bureau of Mines. Last year, the iir,-
ports of chrome from the Soviet Union
fell almost by h~.lf. In 1970, almost 2
years ago, we weite importine 58 percent
of our chrome from the U.S.S.R. Last,
year we imported 36 percent from the
Soviet Union. Where did we get the dif-
ference? Our imports from Turkey last
year-and may I' submit that Turkey is
an ally of the United States-were 39
percent.
I think we ought to lay to rest the
factor of wli"e we are getting our
chrome, even in terms of its price.
We ought to renind ourselves, as well.
that this body, a ter our action last fall,
passed S. 773. That measure authorizes
the disposition of 1,300,000 tons as ex-
cess to our chroc
pile. That in itsel
there is no great
should remind us that
tense of urgency in na-
d defense needs, if, by
the best judgme
sponsibility it is t
int of those whose re-
~o maintain that stock-
pile-and by the judgment of the Armed
Services Committee we passed this re-
lease of 1,30O.00K1 tons--we can afford
to do that withott risk to this Nation. I
agree with that.
What it does put back into perspective
is the issue of the sources of our chrome
ore. Some of our' chrome ore, Mr. Presi-
dent, is coming from the Soviet Union,
from whence it I has come for a good
many years. It iscomina even more from
Turkey now. Forithat reason, I sought to
inject these modifications of the sugges-
tions that were being made by the Sen-
ator from Tennessee.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tiros
of the Senator has expired.
Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield? 11
Mr. HARRY #. BYRD, JR. I yield to
the Senator from Tennessee such time
as he desires.
.
double the world price for chrome? Be- Nations. We are participating as a mein- Mr. BROCK. "Let me say, first, that
cause that is what happened the day we ber of that collective body that has voted there is no Metnber of this body for
put the embargo on. The world price to take collective action on the sanctions whom I have gileater respect, affection.
went up by two, and the American house- question. This is no meddling in the in- and regard, in terms of protecting our
wife, the American consumer, the Ameri- ternal affairs of an independent nation. national interest, than the Senator from
can defense industry, and the American Part of the problem is how to bring Wyoming. I kn w of his integrity and
taxpayer are paying the difference. about the legal transition of Rhodesia, a his ability in thin matter. We happen to
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- member of the empire, into some kind of be thoroughly ifn disanreement on this
ator's time has expired. status of independence, and that is basic- issue, and 1 respect hint for that as well.
Mr. BROCK. May I have 2 additional ally Britain's question. This phase of it But let me poibtt out that when we are
minutes? she sought to turn over to the United able to release tome chrome from our
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Pres- Nations, as many colonial questions 1r-we stockpile, it is because z,:e have altetna-
ident, I yield the Semi tor from Tennessee teen, in the hope of finding a solution tive sources of slupply, because the Sen-
5 additional minutes, to it. ate authorized the purchase of chrome
Mr. BROCK. The American taxpayer The second fact that needs to be kept from many sources.
pays for the policies of the Government clear on the record has to do with the If we did not wave alternative sources
that decided it wanted to impose its will. Soviet Union and our dependence on it of supply, if weiwere totally dependent,
upon other governments. What is the for chrome we need. Let us set that tee- as the Senator's position would leave us,
real difference between military inter- ord straight. First of all, the President on the Soviet Ullion, then we could by no
veiaion and imperialistic intervention by of the United States happens to have
an economic device? It is the same thin c. believed that our, security was enough
It is an imposition of will, an infringe - at stake to go to Moscow. The President
meat upon the free process. of the United States believes that we can
t.erests are very much at stake in this
pa:-ticular matter. I happen to think the
Ut,ited States cannot afford to be de-
perident upon the Soviet Union for its
i source of chrome. I happen to think
thy" U.S. taxpayer, the U.S. consumer, hits
a right to expect his Government to ai-
lotr hint to buy any material he wants,
an y place he can, at the best price he
can possibly buy it for. If that means we
cs-i buy it in Rhodesia or Canada or
South Guam, I do not care. But to sty
otherwise is to violate his freedom, and
it is not the prerogative of this body.
Tt is not the prerogative of this body to
jutringe upon the free process of Amct-
ic,.ns wherever they be and whatever ac-
tii ity they want to undertake, so long as
that activity does not infringe upon the
rights of others.
We have a basic question before this
body. The question is whether or not
this country is going to be consistent,
whether it is going to be impartial,
whether it is going to have integrity of
principle, or whether it is going to play
the game of catering, catering to a few
in the intellectual world or in the press
who say, "We want to select whom we
are going to deal with. We are going to
select those people we want to associate
with. We are going to make the Ameri-
can people pay for it whether they like
it or not."
Well, it is wrong. I support the Senator
from Virginia.
Mr. McGEE. I yield myself 5 minutes.
Mr. President, I respond to the Sena-
tor from Tennessee by way of making
sure that the record stands correctly in
accord with at least the best facts on
which we can lay our hands.
First, in regard to the allegation that
we are meddling in the internal affairs of
another government, an independent
government. Mr. President, I challenge
that, as a matter of fact. Southern Rho-
desia is a part of the British Empire.
Rhodesia has not been set up legally as
an independent entity. That is what part
of tlae negotiations are all about. It is a.
member of the British Empire by inter-
national law. We did not interfere in
Rhodesia. The British requested that this
matter be turned over to the United Na-
We are a member of the United
tions
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May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE S 861 7
means have any confidence that we at the present time, according to the selves in too many things all over the
should reduce our stockpile of chrome. emergency stockpile board. We have world. Certainly we have no business get-
Second, why do we buy chrome from enough for 2 years if diverted totally for ting involved, in that matter, as to
Turkey? One reason is that the Soviet commercial use without touching the whether Rhodesia should be independ-
Union jacked up the world price so high basic stockpile. Keeping this record ent of Great Britain.
that it made it possible for inefficient straight and in perspective, the amount The fact is that the only thing Rho-
producers to get into the market, and we of ore we will be getting from Rhodesia desia is doing is what the United States
can begin to see higher prices elsewhere. by letting down our sanctions and giving did in 1776, seeking their independ-
As a matter of fact, we were paying dou- away a principle, sabotaging United Na- ence-
ble the world price because the Soviet tions policy and calling into question our Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I do not
Union put it there, and we had no choice own commitment to the United Nations, say on the floor of the Senate whether
but to buy chrome there. injuring our image in a vast continent they should have independence, but I
With respect to the President's trip to where we hope to improve our relations think they should have the right to ob-
Moscow and the fact that the Senator and protect our flanks if need be, and tain that independence if that is their
believes the President went to Moscow would amount to about 50,000 tons from desire. I do not think the United States
because he had confidence in our ability Rhodesia. That is the anticipated sum should seek to prevent that from being
and our strength to negotiate with the for this year. The President has en- done.
Soviet Union from a sincere position on dorsed this proposal of mine.to resume The able Senator from Tennessee
both sides, I think the President's trip sanctions with our Government officially raised another point about the cost of
to Moscow was one of the greatest steps pledged to full compliance. I say to this material having been substantially
toward peace in my lifetime, and I sup- my good friends from Tennessee it begins raised as a result of unilateral action by
port the President in his effort. "But I to look like a pretty thin case to argue the President of the United States some
point out to the Senator from Wyoming that our strategic interests are at stake. years ago.
that the President did not go to Moscow Mr. BROCK. With regard to the Presi- You know, Mr. President, Congress
and sign a treaty which turned over to dent of the United States, I could say never put these sanctions on. It was done
the Soviet Union the responsibility for that he can be wrong, too. unilaterally by the President. As a re-
our collective defense. He did not ask the Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- sult of those sanctions, the price has
Soviet Union to defend America. He did dent, the distinguished Senator from skyrocketed. It is affecting jobs all over
not ask them to put their missiles in Wyoming says that we want to set the America.
front of our shores to protect this coun- record straight, and I think it is a good Mr. President, I hold in my hand a
try from attack. He went over there to thing to do. It is important that we set telegram from William J. Hart, director
negotiate an arms limitation on both the record straight. of District 19 of the United Steelworkers
sides, so that neither would fire at the The expert on the stockpile situation of America. The telegram is sent from
other. is the distinguished Senator from Tarentum, Pa. It reads:
What the Senator from Wyoming is Nevada (Mr. CANNON), who is the chair- Once again I urge you to oppose repeal of
asking us to do is to put our defense in man of the Stockpile Subcommittee of the Byrd amendment as contained in sec-
their hands, at their disposal; because the Armed Services Committee. He will tion 503 of S. 3526. This matter is of great
if we are dependent, in fact, upon the be here in a few minutes to discuss the concern to the specialty steel industries and
Soviet Union at some future date because stockpile situation. as a consequence is directly involved in the
of his amendment, if we are dependent But I will say at this point that the continued employment of United Steelwork-
upon them as the sole source of chrome, record will show the Senator from Nevada ers of America mernUers.
then he is saying that we might as well stated last year, in debate on the floor of So, Mr. President, that is another rea-
put our entire collective security at their the Senate, that his subcommittee and son why the action taken by Congress
disposal and say, "Protect us from harm." presumably the Armed Services Commit- last year should not be overturned. There
The Senator obviously knows that we are tee as a whole, would not recommend are many jobs at stake.
not going to do that sort of thing. That the release of this stockpile of 1.3 mil- The distinguished Senator from
is why I think it is terribly dangerous for lion tons were the proposals which i Wyoming (Mr. McGEE) mentioned my
this country not to afford itself of 'any made last fall to be rejected. It was be- strong support for the United Nations.
source of supply we must have in order cause of what Congress did last year that That is correct.
to maintain our security. the Stockpile Subcommittee recommend- I came back from Okinawa in the
Mr. McGEE. I thank the Senator for ed the release of 1.3 million tons from the Pacific in May of 1945 at the time the
his further development of this matter. stockpile. United Nations was being formed. I felt
I would hasten to add two things. The The stockpile today has roughly a 3- it would be a world organization which
first is that this administration has en- year supply of chrome. There are prob- would make it unnecessary for persons
dorsed my position. The President of the ably some Senators who do not believe like myself in future years to have to
United States has said that they approve in a stockpile. Maybe they would say to be sent into battle on foreign soil in far-
of this section of the bill. This is the take it all out. But the purpose of the away areas.
same President the Senator-has been al- stockpile is to protect the United States I had great hopes for the United
luding to, who went to Moscow, and he is in the event of an emergency. Nations, but I must say that it has not
not about to let our defenses down. It has been concluded that the United lived up to those hopes. It is a different
I certainly agree that anything we States needed a 3-year supply in the United Nations today from what it was
might reduce is on a quid pro quo basis. event of an emergency. That is approxi- then. There were 51 members at that
It is negotiated. That is the only sensi- mately what the United States has today. time, all with long-established govern-
ble thing. But let me add to that what As I say, the distinguished Senator ments. Today there are 131 member
the release of the stockpile really rep- from Nevada (Mr. CANNON) will be here nations, very few of which have a his-
resents. 1.3 million tons is being au- shortly to give the exact figures. The fig- tory of established governments.
thorized in this pending legislation. What ures I have given are close to being the But, be that as it may, my concern is
is coming in from Rhodesia in the so- precise figures. for the United States. That should be our
called new source of supply if the present The Senator from Tennessee raised foremost concern. We certainly want to
rate continues for the full year, will be several important points. One is that the help the United Nations if we can but I,
50,000 tons. The Senator cannot tell the United States has no business interfer- for one, do not want to put the affairs
Senator from Wyoming that that was ing in the internal affairs of another of this country in the hands of the
the reason for our releasing 1.3 million country. That is what it is doing. United Nations.
tons from our own strategic reserves. The Whether Rhodesia should be depend- Mr. President, just why an effort
real reason is, if I may point out, this ent on Great Britain, a colony of Great should be made here to repeal a law
was recommended by the President even Britain, or whether it should be inde- which passed and became effective only
before the issue came up a year ago. pendent of Great Britain, is a matter to in January is not entirely clear to me.
We have enough reserves left excess to be decided by those countries. The United You know, Mr. President, under exist-
the stockpile, 2.2 million tons, to States has no business getting involved ing law, the President can prevent the
meet the defense needs for 20 years in that. We have been involving our- importation of chrome from Rhodesia.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 1'~~Tct r/ 1, 19;.2
13 8618
All he has to `ay is ths' we shalt not im- mater comes up for a vote, that th,:y example fcrrochromg, and Lot the ferro or _:,
port any chrome from Russia and then, want to make it clear that the steel- for example chromit, upon hech the indi .
try depends. The la 'c of ex_ess to Rhodesi-:_FI
impossible to import chrome from Rho- o the sanctions imposed against
de ia. Rhodesia.
It is obvious, however, that if we do There being no objection, the letter
tict need chrome ore, the President would was ordered to be printed in the REcoi.l,,
do just that. He would say that it is not as follows:
necessary to import chrome from Russia. UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA,
Therefore, under the law it is not pos- Pittsburgh, Pa., September 29, 1971
Bible to import chrome ore from lion. GALE W. McGee,
Rhodesia. It a.shington, D.C.
the Sen te
R SENATOR MCGEE: Recentl
DE
y
A
So there is a means tinder the present debated a provision of the Military Procure-
law to uphold the action of the United meet Authorizations Act, 1972 (H.R. 868 a 6 ,
Nations if this is what the Government reported out by the Senate Armed Services
wants to have done. We do not have to Committee, which would permit the United
change the law. It can be done under the S'~aees unilaterally to breach the United 1'.a-
present law. tions' embargo against Rhodesia for the
pur- pose of importing chrome ore or chromate.
December. So I do not know why we have Because of the official social and racial ;n-
justices perpetrated by the Rhodesian gov-
all of this concern about the United Na- ernment against its citizens, the UN appli':d
tions being so heavily involved. the economic solution of an embargo -until
The sanctions were put on unilaterally such time as that government through Ile-
by the President of the United States, gotiations would correct such indignities.
President Johnson, some years ago. And The impact of the embargo, as far as chro-
niite is concerned is that the American fer-
roalloy express producers have increased their pnr-
opportunity to express itself lf on this issue chases of Russian chrome ore from a level of
was last fall. Both the House and the 33 per cent in 1966 to a level of 58 tier
Senate then voted to make it possible to cent in 1971.
life the sanctions insofar as this one stra- During the floor debate on your ameiid-
tegic material was concerned. meat to delete this morally indefensible see-
Mr. President, how much time do I 'ion and to maintain the embargo, Senator
have remaining? Harry Byrd (Va.) read a telegram from a
The PRESIDING OFFICER i Mr. MON- Al r. William Hart, who specifically identified
himself as a member of the executive board
DALE). The Senator from Virginia has 30 of the United Steelworkers of America, in
minutes remaining. support of the effort to destroy the effec-
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr. Mr. Presi- tiveness of the embargo. Let me assure you
dent, I reserve the remainder of my time. diet his telegram neither was endorsed by
Mr. MCGEE. Mr. President, 1. yield my- the executive board of nor does it reflect
Self 5 minutes. the position of the Steelworkers.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The United Steelworkers of America sup-
ports the intent of the embargo and its
Senator from Wyoming is recognized for continuation. We feel that as a nation, and
5 minutes. iii conjunction with other nations, we must
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I would be socially concerned about basic human
like to respond to my good friend, the justice and, if need be, sustain an economic
Senator from Virginia and cooperate price for that conviction. Furthermore, this
with him and try to get along until the is one of the few occasions on which the
Senator from Nevada Mr. CANNON) gets United Nations acted as the moral con-
here. We have a commitment with him science of the world. Its effort, therefore,
should continue to have the support of this
regarding his speech. I want to respond country if the purpose of a United Nations
to some of the points raised by the dis- organization is to be meaningful. To break
anguished Senator from Virginia. the embargo on this item will surely lead to
Mr. President, I think we ought to a breaking of the embargo on other items.
keep the record clear on where the Arguments on the floor indicated that the
steelworkers of America stand on this Senate Foreign Relations Committee had pre-
issue, since the Senator from Virginia vrously rejected this measure; that fully three
raises that point. years before the embargo we were already
importing almost- 40 per cent of chromate
During the debate last fall we sub- from Russia (49 per cent in 1963); and that
reitted the testimony of Mr. Abel, the there is a governmental request to release 1.3
president of the United Steelworkers of million tons of chrome from the strategic
America. The president of the United stockpile, thereby belying any charge of
Steelworkers of America said that under strategic shortage of this mineral.
no circumstances have the steelworkers However, as regards to the threat of job
of the United States endorsed the Byrd loss in the specialty steel industry in Peon-
amendment. Mr. Abel said they believe sylvania or elsewhere, it is in no way affected
in the United Nations and they want the by the importation of chomite from Rus;:ta.
Our problem in that industry is due to the
record to be straight. Nor does Mr. Hart, inordinate levels of specialty steel imports
Mr. Abel went on to say, speak for the from Japan and Europe and not to the source
steelworkers. Mr. Hart, a member of the of chromate imports. To correct the specialty
executive board, speaks for himself. steel trade imbalance we have supported r, eel
The steelworkers go on record as stress- quota legislation and/or voluntary agree-
ing the fact that American jobs are not ments. However, the importation of chronic
at stake with regard to this issue. And ore from Russia does not aggravate the im-
we believe that is one of the important portation of specialty steel. It certainly did
not do so in the three years prior to the
facets of American policy, embargo.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- The ferroalloy industry is also beset by fer-
sent to have printed at this point in the roalloy imports. We have supported their con-
RECORD a letter from Mr. I. W. Abel, tention before the Office of Emergency f're-
president of the United Steelworkers of paredness for quota relief. But the relief was
America, that stresses once again, as this to be directed against ferroalloy imports, for
of chrome ore imparts: The fact that sam
ferroalloy producers own pi:,lgrues in Rho-
desia should not sway the united States d:3-
cision to maintain tie elubargo.
Our problems, tl t-refo.e, in the specially
stee? industry andI the ferroalloy indus4n
can be s6t,7ed by quota controls and not b,s
breaking the Rhodei'.fan embargo on chrome
ore. We hope that this untimely and so-
cially indefensible provision of H.R. 8687 will
be dropped either ir conference or by further
action by the Senate. The price of huosami
dignity should not be measured in terms (if
the cost of chormilie In the United States
market.
Sincerely ouks,
President.
N[r. McGEE. Mr President, I ask unan-
imous consent td have printed in the
RECORD a letter f ?om John J. Sheehan,
legislative directs ? of the United Steel-
workers of Ameri4a.
There being n objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
UNITED STEEI. wo KERs ,,rs AMERICA.
Washington, D.C., May 4. 1972.
Hon. GALE W. MC EE,
U.S, Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR M .GEE: The United Steel-
workers of America has maintained that up-
holding the United Nations embargo against
Rhodesian chrome ore does not affect jobs
of American Steelworkers. The recent release
of excess chrome frim the strategic stockpile
further indicates t bat it is not necessary for
the United States to continue to violate the
embargo.
A February 22, 1 2 article in the American
Metal Market state that, "Uncertainties con-
tinue to surround he Rhodesian chorme ore
picture with respe t to p. ices and supplies
moving to the Un ted States . . The Rho-
uction and sale f
since the sanctio
United Nations.
Rhodesian gover
has controlled the pro-
all mines in Rhodesia
Rhodesian import
against a real or i
much ore will be avail-
fort axi immediate ship-
0 tons of ore." Such uu-
would provide insurance
,tential crisis.
prevent political +xpleitation of minorities
and we should e&ipress that commitment
through economi4 sanctions rather than
ultimately being involved, directly or in-
directly, in blo led.
We, therefore, pport find urge your sup-
port of Section 50 of the Foreign Relations
Authorization Act of 1972 (S. 3526), which
would rescind the previous action of Congress
which resulted in iT breaking of the embargo.
Sincerely.
Jou9N J. SHEEHAN,
Legislative Director.
Mr. McGEE.
unanimous conse
RECORD a copy o
lative appeal un
Mr. President, I ask
ant to have printed in the
the Steelworkers legis-
ler date of May 30, 1972.
There being n objection, the copy was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows: i
CHRONIE ORE IMPORTS
The Issue of the Untied Nations-sanctioned
shortly. The deba
this issue has b
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May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
claims of undue hardship to the American
speciality steel industry and threats of job
loss to American steelworkers.
As the union which would be directly af-
fected by this alleged adversity, let me again
emphatically state that the United Steel-
workers of America fails to see any credence
in these claims. Furthermore, we have al-
ways supported the embargo In the past, and
we support its reinstatement now.
A number of points concerning competi-
tion on the affected marketplace must be
made clear:
(1) Voluntary Trade Restraints-On May
6, 1972, the White House announced that new
import accords had been reached with the
Japanese and European steel producers.
These agreements are designed" to prevent
any further erosion of the domestic steel
market by imports, explicitly including the
specialty steel market (which is the market
sector affected by chrome ore). In other
words, our domestic production of specialty
steel, for domestic consumption, will not be
adversely affected because of different prices
of chrome ore from different sources.
(2) Price to the American Consumer-A
picture has been painted by some that the
American consumer is being gouged because
of the removal of the Rhodesian supply as a
competitive. factor. Barron's magazine, for
example, states in its May 29, 1972 issue that
the "sanctions cost United States consumers
of stainless steel an estimated $100 million
per annum.. ." The inference is that the
cost of Russian chrome ore rose dramatically
after the imposition of the embargo, with a
resulting $100 million windfall being charged
off onto the American consumer. But State
Department figures reveal the following:
Percent of
total U.S.
chrome are
Tonnage imports Value
majority of our chrome ore from Russia. In
1971, however, Turkey became the leading,
importer at 39.4 per cent, with the USSR fall-
ing back to 35.8 per cent-almost its pre-
embargo level.
r s s
We feel that the economic arguments
against the embargo are unfounded. But
more important, we feel that the Rhodesian
embargo must rest on its own social, not
economic merits. This nation owes a deep
moral commitment to the objectives of that
embargo.
We, therefore, support and urge your sup-
port of Section 503 of the Foreign Relations
Authorization Act of 1972 (S. 3526), which
would rescind the previous embargo-breaking
action of Congress.
i * i b Y
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, the sug-
gestion has been made repeatedly here
that somehow the Steelworkers have
copped out on this, question, because they
are concerned about jobs. The United
Steelworkers of America point out that
American jobs are not at stake. They are
not concerned about jobs. They are con-
cerned about the higher principles that
are involved. They do not see that any
jobs are affected by the sanctions on
chrome from Rhodesia. The jobs may be
Rhodesian jobs, but they are not jobs
in the United States of America.
Mr. President, I think this ought to
be spread on the RECORD as part of the
true perspective of where the Steelwork-
ers, who theoretically would have the
most at stake in the Senator's proposal,
stand. They support a return to this
program of sanctions.
Mr. President, I return once more to
the reminder that the President of the
United States has endorsed this approach
because this approach is simply another
one of the facets of the international
policy to help strengthen the American
,
With the dollar value of over half of the
imports being at the amounts listed in the
above chart ($7.8 and $13.7 million), it is
inconceivable that excess profits on the
Soviet imports or even on the total imports
could be $100 million.
Prices may indeed be somewhat higher for
non-Rhodesian ore. But we find no assur-
ances from Rhodesia from which to gauge
what we might expect from them in the
future. A February 22, 1972 article in the
American Metal Market stated that, "Uncer-
tainties continue to surround the Rhodesian
chrome ore picture with respect to price and
supplies moving to the United States ...
The Rhodesian government has controlled
the production and sale for all mines in
Rhodesia since the sanctions were imposed
by the United Nations. At the present time,
the Rhodesian government has not indicated
to Union Carbide how much ore will be avail-
able in 1972 [except for] an immediate ship-
ment of about 20,000 tons of ore." Such un-
certain circumstances would seem to place in
question any assertion that the opening of
Rhodesian imports provides any panacea for
American consumers.
(3) Steel Market Fluctuation-The rapid
increase in price of USSR chrome after the
imposition of the embargo has been exploited
as an example of the loss of competition in
the market. But another factor must also be
considered. The period of this price increase
coincided with boom years in the world steel
market. That market has now deflated, and
so has the Soviet price of chrome ore (down
15 per cent from the 1971 price).
(4) Reliance Upon the USSR-In the years
of 1969 and 1970, we did in fact import the
1969 ------ 299,000 57 $7,800,000
000 58 1s 700.000
1970 409
made the decision, with all due respect
to the Armed Services Committee, that
1.3 million tons of chrome were in sur-
plus. Yet, my friend, the Senator from
Virginia, and the Senator from Ten-
nessee, would have us believe here that
by the purchase of 50,000 tons of chrome
from Rhodesia, we justify the release of
1.3 million tons from our stockpile. That
is nonsense. No one who can examine
the implications of that statement can
believe it. It says that we have more
chrome in the stockpile than we know
what to do with, and by releasing the ex-
cess we are insuring ourselves of enough
for our entire defense and domestic
needs for 2 or 3 years ahead, besides
what remains in the stockpile, which is
far more.
The decision says that chrome is not
in any critically short supply.
It further says that the price of ore
is set in the world market and not in
the machinations that go on in terms of
Rhodesia.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time
of the Senator has expired.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that an editorial
from the New York Times of today, en-
titled "Atoning on Sanctions" be printed
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ATONING ON SANCTIONS
The Senate will get an opportunity, prob-
ably today, to start pulling the United States
back from a violation of international legal.
obligations and the United Nations Charter.
It will vote on Senator Gale McGee's bill to
repeal a 1971 provision that had the effect
of breaching sanctions twice invoked against
Rhodesia's white minority Government by
the U.N. Security Council.
Prospects for repeal improved greatly with
a strong declaration of support from the
Administration, which made no fight against
Senator Harry F. Byrd's 1971 amendment.
In a letter to Mr. McGee, Acting Secretary
of State John N. Irwin demolished argu-
ments for the Byrd amendment, particularly
the charge that by barring Rhodesian
chrome imports the United States left itself
dependent on the Soviet Union for strategic
material.
"There was no chrome shortage last year
and there is none now," Mr. Irwin said. In
fact, there are 2.2 million tons of excess top-
grade chrome ore in the strategic stockpile.
Months before Mr. Byrd submitted his
amendment the Administration had asked
Congress for permission to sell off 1.3 million
tons-sufficient to supply this country's total
chrome requirements for eighteen months
or to meet defense-related needs alone for
fifteen years.
The United States imported more chrome
in 1971 from its ally, Turkey, than from Rus-
sia. The Administration also refutes the
rumor that Russia Itself is violating the
sanctions and reselling Rhodesian chrome to
this country. Tests of Soviet ore by the Bu-
reau of Customs have produced no evidence
of this whatever.
When Congress passed the Byrd bill it
seemed probable that Britain would soon
settle the Rhodesian problem with the white
regime, making sanctions academic. But
Rhodesia's black majority rejected the
settlement and Britain perseveres. with the
sanctions. By passing the McGee repealer,
Congress can bring the United States back
into line with most of the international com-
munity and restore its traditional position
in support of the United Nations, the rule
of law and majority rule in southern Africa.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD,. JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, I yield myself 2 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Virginia is recognized for 2
minutes.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, the Senator from Nevada (Mr.
CANNON) is the chairman of the Stock-
piling Subcommittee of the Committee
on Armed Services. In the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD under date of September 30, 1971,
the Senator from Nevada said:
We have 4.4 million tons in the stockpile.
We held hearings on that and determined
that we should not release it.
They did not release it until this legis-
lation was enacted last fall.
Mr. President, I reserve the remainder
of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum and ask
unanimous consent that the time be
taken equally from each side.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will
call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Pres-
ident, I ask unanimous consent that the
order for the quorum call be rescinded.
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S 8620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 31, 19-12
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NATIONAL SECURITY CONSIDERATION; First. Rhod sia has never stopped pro-
CHILES). Without objection, it is so There are important national security ducing or marketing chrome ore and the
ordered.
AYlA. 11A3LRL r-, x5xrn,L, ,,n. rvlr. rresi- reliance on the Soviet Union for the bulk chrome ore a
dent, I yield 10 minutes to the Senator of our national needs for chrome. There ket than was
from Nevada (Mr. CANNON?, chairman is no domestic production of chrome ore, ment.It only
Mr. CANNON. Mr. President. I thank
the distinguished Senator for yielding
to me.
I wish to comment on the repeal of
the Rhodesian sanctions on chrome ore
since I was personally involved last year
as the chairman of the Senate's Stock-
pile Subcommittee.
As we all know, section 503 of S. 3526,
the Foreign Relations Authorization Act
of 1972, provides for the repeal of the
Rhodesian chrome amendment-the
Byrd amendment-enacted last year as
section 503 of the Military Procurement
Authorization Act. In order to put the
issue in proper perspective, the follow-
ing review may be helpful in connection
with the Rhodesian sanctions provision.
The Byrd amendment, enacted last
year as section 503 of Public Law 92-156,
provides, in effect, that the President
may not prohibit the importation into
the United States of a strategic commod-
ity unless imports of such commodity
from Communist-dominated countries
are also prohibited by law. In practical
effect, the section would permit U.S. im-
ports of chrome and other strategic and
critical materials from Rhodesia despite
the U.N. sanctions against Rhodesia and
the U.S. Executive order enforcing the
U.N. sanctions.
CHROME AND ITS USES
The principal commodity. affected by
the Byrd amendment is chrome. "Chro-
mium is one of the top strategic metals
and in 1939 along with three other
metals, it was the first to be designated
for stockpiling"-Mineral Facts and
Problems, Bureau of Mines Bulletin 650.
1970 edition. The U,S. consumption of
metallurgical grade chrome was 911,000
tons in 1970, the bulk of it going into
stainless steel and other types of high
performance steels.
There is no adequate replacement for
chromium in the manufacture of these
steel products. About 10 percent of the
domestic production went directly into
military and defense applications-but
a large percentage of chrome is devoted
to other essential applications. In the
electric power generating industry, stain-
less steel is required to steam turbine
blades because of its corrosion and heat-
resistance properties. Stainless steel is
essential for many transportation uses.
in addition to its application in jet en-
gine components. Industries where clean-
liness and sanitation are critical also use
substantial quantities of stainless steel
because of its corrosion resistance-it
does not chemically react with other
materials to which it is exposed and
hence will not contaminate those mate-
rials. Hospitals, food-processing facili-
ties, and pharmaceutical production are
examples. Household appliances and
kitchen tools also use chrome-but in
1968 only about 5 percent of U.S. chrome
usage went for these purposes, accord-
ing to U.S. Bureau of Mines data.
comes from disposals from the U.S.
stockpile of strategic and critical mate-
rials. The Soviet Union was the source
of nearly 60 percent of U.S. chrome im-
ports in 1969 and 1970. The Russians
supplied more than 40 percent in 1971.
The other major suppliers were Turkey
and South Africa.
It would defeat the very purpose of the
stockpile if the United States were to rely
on it as a major source of chrome in the
future, as it has in recent years. While
there is currently a surplus of chromic in
the stockpile, the surplus is not large
enough to meet our needs for very long.
"POLITICAL" CONSIDERATIONS
Like other minerals, chrome must be
mined where it is found. With the excep-
tion of Turkey, all of the other major
sources of metallurgical grade chrome
ore are located in countries which the
United States may have moral or political
differences. Rhodesia and South Africa
are both under the control of govern-
ments which practice discrimination
against blacks. The Soviet Union, of
course, discriminates against Jews and
many other racial and religious groups.
The United States, to put it plainly.
would cut off its nose to spite its face if we
refused to buy chrome produced in coun-
tries whose policies we do not agree with.
THE ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
As the dominant world supplire of
chrome, the Russians have driven the
price from a presanction level of about
$25 per ton to a 1971 high of more than
$61 per ton. Witnesses from the American
Iron and Steel Institute testified before
Congress that this increase in the price of
chrome cost U.S. consumers of stainless
steel more than $100 million a year.
Foreign producers of stainless steel,
some of whom have benefited from the
Rhodesian sanctions-because they, in
fact, bought lower cost Rhodesian ore in
defiance of the U.N. sanction-have in-
creased their penetration of the U.S. steel
market. In 1971, imports of cold rolled
stainless steel sheets accounted for 32.9
percent of the domestic supply, imported -
stainless steel wire for 48.3 percent of
domestic supply, and imports of stainless
wire rod accounted for 56.3 percent of the
domestic supply. Imports at this level
clearly have a serious impact on employ-
ment and production in the domestic
steel and ferroalloys industries.
EFFECT ON RHODESIA
The enactment of the Byrd amend-
ment last year, at best, has had only a
token effect on the economy of Rhodesia.
In the presanction era, chrome exports
accounted for only 2 percent of Rho-
desia's export trade. In 1964, for example,
Rhodesia's total exports were valued at
$354 million, but only $7 million Came
from chrome.
There is some reason to believe that
the U.S. action in permitting chrome im-
ports may not have benefited the Rho-
desian economy at all. This is so because:
ailable on the world mar-
vailable before its enact-
iabled U.S. firms to legally
import chrom that would otherwise have
gone, in secret, to other steel-producing
Byrd amendment has
a reduction in the world
price of chrorrle ore. The published price
of Russian ch ome ore today is from $7
to $9 per ton ower than the 1971 price.
The 1972 pub 'shed Russian price is from
$52.82 to $54.4 per ton, delivered to a
U.S. port, do -n from $61.50 in 1971-
delivered to a
Third. This
chrome is like
foreign exch
for the sale of (chrome ore, and the. Byrd
amendment wil, therefore, not benefit its
government
.
EFFECT ON U.N. AND A RHODESIAN SETTLEMENT
The U.N. sa actions against Rhodesia
can probably b regarded as a failure, re-
gardless of what Congress does about the
Byrd amen ent. Economic sanctions
have never bee a particularly successful
diplomatic weapon. The Rhodesia sanc-
tions have bee in effect almost 51,12 years
without, apparently achieving their ob-
jective. The sanction also have been fre-
quently violate . More than 110 cases of.
sanctions violations have been reported
to the U.N. Sanctions Committee, includ-
ing 32 which d 1 with chrome.
Congression i action on the Byrd
amendment, e' her last year or this, is
not likely to a feet the effort to reach a
settlement bet -een the United Kingdom
and Rhodesia. he United Kingdom Gov-
ernment reach d an agr?eeemn.t with the
Rhodesian Go ernment after the con-
gressional pas ge of the Byrd amend-
ment, but they . is no evidence that the
action of Congress had any effect what-
soever on the a reement. One of the fea-
tures of that greement called for ap-
pointment of a ritish commission which
would attempt -o determine the views of
the blacks in hodesia with respect to
the agreement That commission, the
Pearce Commi sion has completed its
work in Rhodesia and was scheduled to
submit its repo ?t to the British Govern-
ment by April 0, 1972. The report, how-
ever, is not expected to be made public
for a month or ore, to allow the British
Government ti re to review it. There is
no sign that a action by Congress will
affect the tours of action with the Unit-
ed Kingdom and Rhodesia may take in
the future.
It might also be noted that, the U.N.
sanctions were imposed by the Security
Council and c not be lifted without a
vote by the Sec rity Council and that the
Soviet Union ca i veto the lifting of sanc-
tions. I, theref re, recommend that the
Byrd amendme $ t be kept intact and that
the section 503 of the Foreign Relations
Authorization A4ct of 1972 which provides
for the repeal of the Byrd amendment be
defeated.
Mr. HARRY V. BYRD, JR. Mr. Pres-
ident, I thank' the able Senator from
Nevada for thV excellent presentation
in 1972 is $48.36 per ton,
J.S. port.
reduction in the price of
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 - 11tta j usu maae ana the facts which Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I Yield the Commission meeting and we are still
he has brought out. I think it is very Senator 2 minutes.
important that the facts be made avail- Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, that is repot. Thist is the Pearce 1Commission
able, and the Senator from Nevada, as simply not a fact. The Armed Services report. It was the subject of our confer-
chairman of the Stockpile Subcommit- Committee released that ore on the basis ence earlier this month with the British
tee of the Armed Services Committee, that the Byrd amendment had been parliamentarians, the Canadian parlia-
is in a unique position to present to the adopted. That amount would remain in mentarians, and all the African experts
Senate the facts in this case, which he the stockpile as of now had not the Byrd we could corral at that time.
has just done. amendment been adopted. 'So this was What the report says is that the forced
Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, will the not a decision of the Armed Services negotiation was inequitable and would
Senator yield? Committee independent of the Byrd be unacceptable, by their judgment as a
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I yield. amendment. of their , as a
Mr. CANNON. I may say that last It is a fact that the administration did nsRhode ia. I shall be glad to sharenthis
year, when we were considering this propose the release from the stockpile, report with my friend from Nevada. That
matter, we had before us in the Stock- and we went into the matter and did not is the Pearce Commission study. But it
pile Subcommittee a proposal to release agree with them.
Sen-
or permit the sale of chrome from the Mr. McGEE. But the Senator is miss- ates took last October 6ehard ned and
stockpile on the ground that it was in ing my point. That is my very point: toughened the Rhodesian negotiating
excess. It is not what the Armed Services position, and the result wag t ne-
The Stockpile Subcommittee held up mittee chose to.do, it is how they equate gotiati ns came up short oftthe kind of
that release, because we felt that we 50,000 tons of chrome ore now, this year, thing that would be acceptable to all the
needed some'source of supply other than from Rhodesia, as an excuse for releas- groups in Rhodesia.
from a Communist dominated country, ing 1,300,000 tons, which the Senator I yield the floor, Mr. President. That is
and it was only after the Byrd amend- said we could not release while the Byrd all I will take the time to say at this
ment passed last year that the release amendment was pending and until the point.
of the chrome was agreed to by the Senate had acted upon it. That does not Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, will the
Stockpile Subcommittee. And I may say hang together for me, or I would think Senator yield me 2 minutes?
for myself that we certainly would not for others. You do not agree to the re- Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I yield the
have permitted the release of chrome lease of 1,300,000 tons because, through Senator 2 minutes.
from the stockpile had not the Byrd breaking the sanction, you make. avail- Mr. McGEE. Let us go ahead with the
amendment been adopted by the Sen- able 50,000.
ate. If we were to go back to that posi- But I wonder whether the Senator has co1M . CANNON. Is it the Senator's posi-
tion, it would be my position, certainly, taken into account the second factor; tion that we should seek, by our actions
that we make a mistake in not with- namely, that the whole stress has shifted on the Senate floor, to assist factions
holding from disposition from the stock- dramatically in the last year, and that of foreign governments in their dealings
pile of any of the chrome that we now our importation from the Soviet Union, with each other? I do not see that at all.
have. which was always a critical factor, Mr. McGEE. No, I agree.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. That is a amounting to nearly 60 percent-I be- Mr. CANNON. We did not seek such
very important point the Senator from lieve 58 percent, according to the figures results initially, and should not now.
Nevada has made, and I am glad he supplied us-in 1970, has dropped to 36 Mr. McGEE. No, the Senator is abso-
brought it out at this point in the debate. percent this . year, according to the lutely right.
Mr. President, I reserve the remainder Bureau of Mines.
of my time. Where are we Mr. CANNON. If we are going to re-
geing the new ore ? verse our now we would e get-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Not from Rhodesia,
in spite of the lifting ting right into the middle of n gotiat ons
yields time? of the sanctions. We are getting it in- again, as has suggested
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I yield stead from Turkey, an ally of the United were in the middle ofrthem before. we
myself 5 minutes to respond to a couple States.
of points the Senator from Nevada has Mr
owever, all o this is McGon tse er, if the Senate stands
developed here. beside the point. I want to really
turn little
nego-
to an- tiations. There no reason for Rhodesia
The first is a repetition on my part other point that the-Senator from Ne- to negotiate.
of a point I made as we were discussing vada made: that there is nothing in the But let me add this one factor that
this question before the Senator from record to suggest anything happened be- he leaves out. That is that our action was
Nevada arrived to -make his speech. It cause of the action of the Senate of the no interference in Rhodesia. Our role
is simply that the. best estimate that we United States last October 6 when it was as the middleman and the broker
can get from our own Government is adopted the Byrd amendment lifting between Great Britain and one of its
that the rejection of these sanctions, sanctions. Again, earlier in the day I de- territories, a relationship that was seek-
or withdrawal from the sanctions on tailed with great care my own visit in ing to negotiate a way to independence
chromium, at the very most this year England with the labor party members for another member of the old British
will bring in about 50,000 tons of ore. who are out of power but were the gov- Empire.
That is the estimate of our own agencies. ernment at the time all this began, and . The British then took this matter to
It is inconceivable to me that the with the conservative government the United Nations, and our action on
release of 50,000 tons of ore by lifting which is in power now, and which is sanctions had nothing to do with back-
the sanctions is going to permit even the involved in the negotiations and had ing the British; it had to do with living
Armed Services Committee to change its been involved' in the negotiations last up to our responsibility, our commit-
point of view, let alone the board that October. , if you will, in the United Natins,
controls the strategic reserve, so that The leadership of both parties made it mThe United Nations voted the sanction.
they would release 1,300,000 tons. undeniably strong that their negotia- Britain alone did not vote it. The United
I think the Senator will recall with me tions hit a stone wall the moment the States alone did not vote it. The United
that last year when we were debating Senate 'of the United States took that Nations did, and we are a signatory mem-
this question, the decision had already action. i have since had occasion to talk her of that body. We did it in good faith.
been made by the board itself that that with political groups on both sides in We followed through in good faith, and
1,300,000 tons was not needed with or Rhodesia, the one group, the Ian Smith the Senate of the United States initiated
without sanctions against Rhodesia, and government, saying, "We jumped with the action that took the United States
that this action had been confirmed and joy the night we got the news of the of America, as the only member of the
has now been.confirmed by the Armed Senate's action lifting the sanctions," United Nations, officially out of a com-
Services Committee in releasing that and the other group saying, "We came mitment by the U.N. We formally broke
1,300,000 tons in exchange for the 50,000. apart, because that was the one remain- our commitment. Nobody else broke it
Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, will the ing hope we had for an equitable solu- that way; we did it here.
Senator yield? tion."
Mr. McGEE. I will on the Senator's The record is now clear. The Senator simMr. CANNON. Wl, Mr. President, I
ply say that if we broke our commit-
time. I am trying to husband my time. suggests that there has been a Pearce ment, we are one of many. There are
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S 8621
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SENATE May
3622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - 31 v 19 2
many, many members of the United Na- ment we have prejudiced the activities than most other sources on the world
lions that are completely disregarding of other American business interests in market. The shi Ling of the chrome im-reflects
that R Rhodesian chrome sanctions against neAfrica. This endangers American usi- ss in over three-fifths of our African what Rum aTisr 'oduicing and Turkey is
Rhodesia,
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- itrade and nvestments alltovers inof our permanent producing dependent black duc ng hasaatisdxthe chromeamar et.
ator's time expired.
Mr.
Mr. CANNON. I ask for half a minute Africa. These are the interests, too, that This is what brought down the price of
more. require representation here by the ac- chrome some 1 percent.
Steel-
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I yield the {ioonsg of Vth pbbsody. hat do we thatendis un admIt is onition relevant the one remembers the a of Senator additional minute.
Mr. CANNON. As a matter of fact, particular interest to Union Carbide, to workers and fx m the AFL-CIO. Both
Russia is a member of the United Na- Foote Mineral, and one or two other con- storganizations ake in k epins , sIf industry gahas in a
bons, and are buying Rhodesian ore panies.
from Russia, , which is highly ly suspected of I do not mind trying to protect the it is us. We find no relevance to the lift-
being shipped from Rhodesia to Russia American interests. But the larger Amer- ing of sanction and importing chrome con-
chance for bs.
ore
and processed back to us at a higher fican ee interest,
and says to this xbody,tisxin the Ourtobestourchanjobs sr in restoringjothe
price.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I yield my- elimination of the Byrd proposal now. dignity of the nited Nations, in not t
time self 2 more minutes. That charge has The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time wunderc hile utting
is u d Presiden his thisitn to
been made before, that the Russians are of the Senator has expired.
buying Rhodesian ore and smuggling it Mr. McGEE. I yield myself 1 additional E rope and to is I ask that the Senate S, Mr. Presid -mt, into the United States as Russian ore. minute.
The only one making that charge is one The shift of our imports of ore from reject the pending amendment of the
of the members of the steel industry, be- Russia-we have cut it almost in half distinguished Senator from Virginia, me ore cause they are trying to groom their own and are now, our buying more
than from the YiTh tiPRESIDING OFFICER. Who
horse. Mr. HARRY BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
Government own Bureau of Mines, our own Societ Union-is a dramatic shift that
Government agencies, our own geologists occurred last year, according to our own dmtt7what is th , situation with regard to
have verified, upon examining the ore, Bureau of Mines. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
that it is an entirely different ore, that it These are factors. Mr. President, that
is Russian ore. I am not a great geologist. I think require that we try to reverse ator from Virginia has 7 minutes remain-
I do not know what those differences are, an action many took in good faith last i mdttthe s at.or from Wyoming has
But they point out that Russian ore is fall. The history of events since has sug- 10 Mr. HARRY . rBYRD, emaining, JR. I may say to
superior in grade, that it has a different gested that this matter carries with it Senator f m Wyoming as to
dis-
coloration, and that it has other char- more complications and more problems the tams of a to vnicalitY, when that, as a
con ngsinfths year if all tinguished Senator from Nevada yielded
acteristics which are identifiable, zble, if one othan the re that are small
wants to be objective it. to him, hew yielding on my time.
The Russians, fact, are sending they thMi. Pre President, I reserve the remainder ? Mr. McGEE. nd I was yielding on my
were ore dalmos half the amount they time. The Senator from Nevada was on
were sending a year ago. That is the CANNON. Mr. President, will the the Senator fr m Virginia's time, and I
reason why it is important that we keep ep of
HARRY F. BYRD, JR. No. The re-
the record straight. Let us not plunge Senator yield? was on my tim .
into this for the wrong reasons, with mis-. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I yield 2 MrspMr. of the notes from Wyoming we-
lion that That the latest o the Gov- mxMr. to the a Mr. President, the taken out of m' time.
ernment that the the Bureau Mines of the Gov- Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, if the time
fingertips. the United States has at its this ?.snbenefiting a some big companies. for my reap se was taken out of the
fingerti ertips. It is a summary of what hap-
Pend last year. This is not the fact. The benefit is to the time of the Senator from Virginia, I ask I say to the Senators who differ with consumers of the stainless steel products that it be taken out of my time instead.
me on this measure that I am afraid that in this country. s a time when the administra- The PRESIDING OFFICER. One min-
what this is boiling down to I apologize.
ful influence is the power- ul of two or three powerful tion is trying to institute price controls, ute will be transferred.
yields ime?
corporations, multinational corporations, to get at the problem of inflation. The Who HARK F. BYRD, JR. I yield my-
who have sought this for the importation estimate is that $100 million was saved 2 minutes
Mr. President, I think the Senator
of chrome. Labor does not want it. The by consumers last year by the removal self
U.S. steelworkers have said, No go. We and thus the lowering of the price, be- from Nevada made a very important
am ndmentinwas point, in that he consumers of this coun-
want support the United Nations. Our iccause e ally since price the lowered very
amendment-
adopted last year. It is important to me try have bee affected to the extent of
jobsarare not not administration, t stake in this."
This 'United States, has endorsed President of if we can find areas in which we can $100 million--f$100 million on an annual
posal. the has as this pro- reduce prices $100 million, in effect, to basis. That is! a very significant point to
They hey believe that t this i s the he way
the American consumer. me.
statement The Sena from Wyoming spoke of
to go. I cite from the administration's Mr. McGEE. I yield myself 1 minute.
on it. In response to that, may I say to the what Mr. Abe , of the United Steel Work-
We opposed the Byrd aniena last taus Senator from Nevada that, indeed, the ers, sitting i his top office, thinks about
We oppose it for many relevant t sea reasonsthis price of chrome ore on the world market this matter. ut if one will talk to the
has dropped 15 to 18 percent in the last Members oft a House of Representatives
year
This comes at a time when the Presi- year. It has nothing to do with the who represen steel districts in Pennsyl-
dent of the United States has been in release of chrome ore from Rhodesia, vania, who represent the steel workers
Russia, negotiating with the Russians, 50,000 tons, when by the action of the themselves, is elected officials of this
and is now on his way home by way of Armed Services Committee we are. pre- Government, he will find out how con-
another Communist country, Poland. paring to release 1,300,000 tons from the cerned they are about this matter.
of teat speeches I hheard
in the of the of Representatives have a was heard
I think we ought to quit dragging red American strategic stockpile. There was One
herrings across the stage, because it is the great factor, that was the explana- in the a JoHN DENT of was l-
important that this area in Africa, which tion for part of the drop in this price, as Represe, when
ing the off the he he o on was s argu-
so much to many people, includ- all the money markets in New York will vallia, last tabor
ing ing the United States, not be penalized. confirm. chrome had don tba jobs of the stem
I would add to this the role of other The second reason for the drop had workers oft United States.
American business groups in Africa. to do with the shift of the market.
do as against Rhodesia, tr he same mo- Russian o chrome and chrome a higher price situation in in gland and how iito might
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May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
be affected by what we do or do not do
in the U.S. Senate, but I think, first, we
want to think about the United States,
the people of our own country. I submit
that we should not put this country in
a straitjacket in regard to a vital defense
? material.
Mr. President, I reserve the remainder
of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
CHILES). Who yields time?
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I will yield
whatever time may be necessary to keep
this about equal. How many minutes
would that be?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator would have to yield himself 3 min-
utes.
. Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I yield my-
self, then, 3 minutes, in that circum-
stance.
We have been discussing here the con-
sequences of our action to lift sanctions
and what it means for the chance of some
successful negotiation.
I did not add in my colloquy with the
Senator from Nevada the fact that again
and again groups who have to live in
Rhodesia came before our parliamentary
meeting there in British territory, from
both sides, saying that this hardening
of the position that our action induced on
the part of the Rhodesian Government
brings it dangerously close to the violent
stage. If that unleashes itself in Rho-
desia, it would be difficult to say how it
could be stopped short of the Republic
of South Africa. Therefore, it is impera-
tive that we not, in even a small way,
contribute by our actions to a sharpen-
ing, or a harshening, or a worsening of
prospects to avoid a blood bath in all of
southern Africa. Yet that is precisely
what they fear. That is what has sur-
f aced-but only a part of it has surfaced.
I quote now from a Johannesburg
newspaper, in the Republic of South
Africa, where they say that with the pub-
lication of the Pearce Commission Re-
port reflected the negative consequences
of the action of this body-the iceberg is
not only blocking a settlement in Rho-
desia but stating that a real hazard to
peaceful settlement in all of black Africa
is a real one indeed. Considering the
source of that particular publication, I
think it should lay stress on what has
happened, in their judgment, in this
regard.
I point out once more that neither the
Republic of South Africa, which might
be regarded as a friend of Rhodesia, nor
Portugal, another friend, has formally
violated the sanctions in any action by
their governments, nor have they recog-
nized the independence of Rhodesia. One
might have expected them to do so, but
they have not. They are obviously liv-
ing up to their commitment.
I say once again that only the United
States of America formally broke. its
commitment to the United Nations. That
is a pretty serious charge in times like
these, when the President of our country
is seeking to heal the wounds of many
nations.
Mr. President, I reserve the remainder
of my time.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, I yield myself 1 minute. I point out
that Portugal did report noncompliance
with sanctions to the Secretary General
of the United Nations. It appears in the
U Thant report on sanctions, 1970-71.
I will point out also, since the Senator
from Wyoming mentioned the defiance
of the United Nations embargo, that the
U.S, delegation to the United Na-
tions, in a formal presentation, said
that virtually every member of the Se-
curity Council has violated the sanctions.
Mr. McGEE. I yield myself 1 minute
or 2 to respond to the Senator's com-
ments. I must say that I misspoke my-
self in a technical sense in regard to
Portugal, and I appreciate the Senator's
correction.
The Portuguese Government never ac-
'cepted the sanctions at the beginning.
What I should have said was that the
Portuguese Government has never taken
that last step which should follow if
they were believers; that is, that they
recognized the independence of the Rho-
desian Government. This they have not
done. Neither has the Republic of South
Africa, the point of it being that they
still see this as competition within the
British Empire-the British Common-
wealth of Nations.
I should add to my friends from Vir-
ginia and Nevada that, of course, sanc-
tions have not been perfect. Of course
they have not been. There are 110 vio-
lations charged at the present time. But
those violations have not yet been estab-
lished. Obviously, some must take place.
The question is: Is the United States
supposed to be as bad as the other guy,
or is the United States supposed to be
the leader in the world, trying to set a
good example?
The' total amount of ore to come in
under the lifting of sanctions is still a
mere trickle. For that reason, I think we
should return to the sanctions program
and restore American participation
through the United Nations.
Mr. President, how much time do I
have remaining?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Wyoming has 4 minutes re-
maining.
Mr. McGEE. I yield 3 minutes to the
distinguished Senator from Massachu-
setts (Mr. KENNEDY).
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Massachusetts is recognized
for 3 minutes.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I sup-
port the position of the Senator from
Wyoming. I think it is eminently sound,
and for a wide variety of reasons.
The American people must be ponder-
ing the action we are considering today
when we have our President just return-
ing from the Soviet Union, who is talking
about expanding trade, and expanding
areas of cooperation with the Soviet
Union. We have had trade with them on
chrome ore already. The Soviet Union
has lived up to, its requirements in the
past.
Here, in effect, we are providing a road-
block in what has been an area of suc-
cessful trade in the past.
Thus, this does not make any sense
in terms of what the President is trying
to do regarding our relations with the
Soviet Union. It also does not make any
S 8623
sense from the point of view of the
strategic position of the United States,
which is more basic and more fundamen-
tal.
In reviewing the record and the testi-
money given before the committee, I have
been impressed with the fact that the
United States, with its present chrome
reserves, has sufficient chromite on hand
for some 40 years to meet our defense re-
quirements. So it does not make any sense
from the strategic position of the United
States.
We have seen, with the action taken
by the House and the Senate, that lifting
the sanctions for the sake of chrome ore
has been a vehicle to open up a wide
variety of opportunities for trade with
Rhodesia. The licenses granted under
the provisions last year provide not only
for imports of chrome but for 72 differ-
ent items.
What we are effectively doing is open-
ing up a wide variety of trading oppor-
tunities with Rhodesia at a time when
they clearly have violated the funda-
mental Charter of the United Nations.
I think, Mr. President, that one of the
fundamental difficulties with American
foreign policy is that it has failed to live
up to the kinds of values, the kinds of
interests, and the kinds of concerns that
we like to think are basic to our system
and to what the American people desire.
When we violate the fundamental
Charter of the United Nations, I fail to
see why the United States, which stands
for the principles of democracy and
freedom for all the world, should be
out there championing a violation of the
United Nations Charter.
In summary, it does not make any
sense from our strategic point of view,
and it does not make any sense from
the point of view of expanded oppor-
tunities for good relations with the Soviet
Union. But the removal of sanctions
against Rhodesia does violate the United
Nations resolutions which the United
States has agreed to. I do not want to
see the United States in the lead of those
countries which are violating United Na-
tions resolutions.
I therefore hope that the position of
the Senator from Wyoming will be sus-
tained.
Mr. President, once again I wish to
express my strong opposition to U.S.
trade with Southern Rhodesia. For that
reason I intend to vote against amend-
ment No. 1196 offered by the distin-
guished Senator from Virginia as an
amendment to S. 3526, the Foreign Rela-
tions Authorization Act of 1972. As pro-
posed, the Senator's amendment would
delete section 503 of Public Law 92-156,
thereby permiting U.S. industry to con-
tinue flaunting a United Nations ban on
trade with Southern Rhodesian com-
panies. .
The issue at this time i,,5 essentially the
same as it was last summer when,
through a series of votes, the Senate
failed to uphold the provisions of a
United Nations resolution banning U.S.
trade with Southern Rhodesia. America
voted with other Security Council mem-
bers in December 1966 to impose selec-
tive mandatory sanctions in response to
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S 8624
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May -;1, 19;_1
the rebel Rhodesian regime's withdrawal
from the British Commonwealth.
But we violated that resolution last
year by withdrawing sanctions against
Rhodesia. At that time it was a serious
nitAter. Now it is even more serious, be-
cause this country can no longer r4aim
that Rhodesian chrome is reclai.red in
order to reduce America's dct?enlience
ten chromite from the Soviet Union. Sen-
ate supporters of trade with Rhodesia
insisted that, because the United States
purchases chrome ore from Russia,
American industry is threatened by rely-
ing on communism for a strategy' ma-
terial. Moreover, it was claimed ths;t the
jump in price of Russian chromite from
$58 per ton in presanction days to $71
per ton in 1971 was inflationary. It is un-
bearable, therefore, to those who sup-
ported the clamor for Rhodesian chrome,
that the United States should, continue
its reliance on Russian sources. Yet, the
President's current visit to Russin. seeks
not only to establish arms agreements,
but also involves our nations' mutual
concerns regarding trade. Whore is the
logic in halting shipments of chrome ore
from Russia while at the same time we
explore other trade possibilities with the
Kremlin? If it is at all right for the
Treasury Department to support Ameri-
can industry negotiations on a $6 billion
deal for liquefied natural gas from Rus-
sia what is so risky about a .>,14 million
deal for Russian chromite?
Mr. President, although I can appreci-
ate the irritation of those who oppose our
heavy purchase of Russian chroinite be-
cause of the price, that argument is not
ample justification for refuting Amer-
ica's pledge to support the struggle for
human decency wherever it is made.
Southern Rhodesia's 2511,000 whites
are moving closer toward apartheid--
the dehumanizing system of race hate
that would enslave the Nation's 5.3 mil-
lion black citizens There is no reason
for the United States to profit in the ex-
ploitation of black Rhodesians-
A full look at the issue of purchasing
chromite from Southern Rhodesia makes
it clear- that arguing for Rhodesian
chromite is a farce of the cheapest sort.
Last July when the Senator from Vir-
ginia testified before the Committee on
Foreign Relations-regarding the matter
of Rhodesian chrome-he asserted that:
The United States today face an imminent
and serious shortage of chrome. This mate-
rial is essential in the manufacture of such
critical defense items as jet aircrafts, mis-
siles, and nuclear submarines.
Yet, in those same hearings, State De-
partment officials testified that. the U.S.
inventory of metallurgical grade chrome
as of May 31, 1971, amounted to 5,344.000
tons. The. Department verified that our
stockpiles of chromite had. thereby ac-
cumiated an excess of 2,244,000 tons,
in other words, the United States not
only had no shortage of chrome ore, we
enjoyed a substantial ove-- abundance of
this so-called critical, strategic material.
Clearly, it is no where close to the mark
to insist that chromite is in serious short-
age or that the manufacture of strategic
materials is threatened. David D. New-
som., Assistant Secretary of State for
African Affairs, told the Ti'o' eign Rela-
tions Committee last year that:
Approximately 10 percent of our chrome
imports go to direct defense requirements,
That leaves the other 90 percent to be
consumed in the manufacture of kitchen
knives, automobile trimmings and for
other consumer products.
What then, can be a Justifiable cxcus^
for permitting imports of Rhodesian
chrome to enter this country?
I submit that there is no such justifica-
tion. There is simply no reason why the
United States should purchase chrome
ore from Southern Rhodesia. Moreoven
the Senate and the American public
must understand the folly of the situr..-
tion in which we have placed ourselv=es
regarding imports- of Rhodesirr:
chrome.
Last week, on May 23, the Pearce conl-
mission reported that the terms of the
proposed settlement of Rhodesia's 6-year
dispute with Great Britain was rejected
by the people of Rhodesia. As a result; Sir
Alec Douglas Home, announced that
Britain would continue its economic and
diplomatic boycott of the white rebellious
Rhodesian Government. Thus, in spite of
U.S. action lifting the ban on trade with
Rhodesia last year, Great Britain has
steadfastly maintained sanctions against
the rebel government.
The Foreign Relations Committee rec-
ognized the need to maintain sanctions
against Rhodesia and refused last year
to report out Senator BYRD'S provision: to
lift the ban on trade with Rhodesia. But
the Senate got an opportunity to vote on
the issue anyway-because it reached the
floor last September as part of the mili-
tary procurement bill.
The Senate voted five times on that
measure. In one instance, by a vote of
45 to 43, the Senate approved the Ful-
bright amendment authorizing presi-
dential discretion in granting trade with
the Government of Southern'Rhodesia.
Ultimately, however, the Senate lifted
the ban-voting 38 to 44 in favor of the
Byrd amendment on October 6, 1971.
On November 1, the House accepted
the. Senate approved conference report
by a 151 vote margin, and on November
17, 1971, the President signed the $18
billion Military Procurement Act with
the Byrd amendment included.
The administration took quick action.
The Treasury Department on January
25, 1972 issued a general import license
authorizing "imports of strategic and
critical materials of Southern Rhodesian
origin." Somehow that was interpreted
to permit 72 different commodities in-
cluding goose down, to enter American
ports from Rhodesia.
With a license in hand-it was clear
sailing for Foote Mineral Corp. They re-
ceived a 25,000-ton shipment of Rhode-
sian chromite on March 20, 1972. Not to
be outdone, the Union Carbide Corp. re-
ceived a similar shipment days later.
Now, I am told, other shipments are due
in this country shortly.
Thus, last year, the Congress, ap-
parently bought the argument that
Rhodesian chrome is vital to our na-
tional defense and that we were rtunning
out of reliable sources for the material.
But, on March 21, 1972, 1-day after the
first shipment of Rhodesian ore docked
at a Louisiana port-the Senate ap-
proved S. 773-a bill that allows U.S. in-
dustry to obtain Chrome ore from ou
vast inventory of excess stock pile ore.
Excerpts from. Committee Report No. 97-
698---describe the j3urpose of S. 773 and
why disposal of tiie stockpile was pio-
posed:
PL'RI'OSE~ OF Tlit. BILL
The proposed biili is a pact of the legi.'~1-
tive program of the General Services Ad-
ministration for 197,'1. It would authorize the
disposal of approximately 31,313.600 short dry
tons of metallurgi4al grace chromate from
the national stockp le and the supplemental
stockpile and would waive the 6-month wait-
ing period normally,requirc,3 before such dis-
pos vl could be std, ted.
WHY DISPOSAL IS 1'1LOPOSED
'Ihe material tolbe disposed of is em,~,.
to stockpile needsl The total inventory of
the material in t to national and sup 1l :~
mental stockpiles s 4of October 31, 1970, wa
5,3:10,373 short dr tons. The stockpile ob-
jective established f-12arch 4, 1970, is 3,100.00,
short dry tons, leaving an excess of 2,290,._'.2''
short dry tons, ofj which 978,000 short dr
torts were previouiy authorized for disposal
As expressed n the report language
"the material, hrome ore-to be dis-
posed of "is exc as to stockpile needs."
If the chrome e in the stockpile is e_ -
cess to our nee then Why do we need to
purchase chromte from Southern Ric.-
desia? Even mor baffling is the follow in
report language justifying the release if
"stockpiled chro 'te:"
R ODESIA5. ORE
At the Lime t is measure was origin?a;iy
considered by th committee in April 19'71,
sanctions again, Rhodesia precluded the
importation of nodeslan ore, formerly one
of the principal lur=es. With the enacsnieui.
of section 503, bile Law 92-156, the Treas-
ury Department as granted a general license
under the Rhod ian sanc,-t.fons regulation.
authorizing imp its of strategic and critical
materials of So :kern Rhodesian origin. In
light of this, the committee believes that inc
release of metalikirgical grade chromite from
the government istockpiics will not be detri-
mental to the interests of national defense.
According tI
~ the report, stockpiled
chromite can i be released because we
voted to lift tie ban on Rhodesian. ore
and-
The release ofimetallurgical grade chromite
from the goverment stockpiles will not be
detrimental to he interests of national de-
fense. I "
Who are wejkidding? American indus-
try consumes 00 thousand tons of chro-
mite annual We obtain that amount
from the world market-without buying
from Rhodesia.
Under the new authority permitting
disposal of 1. million tons of stockpile
ore-we wo not need to buy chrome
ore for 18 m ,nths, And even then, out
remaining ckpiles of 4 million tons
would sustai our defense needs for 40
year:; or more.
Mr. President, I submit that this Sen-
ate must not overlook these facts. The
legislative hi ?tory on his matter clcarl;,~
shows that e failed to .act properly on
the merits o this matter last year.
The United States did not need Rho-
desian chroi?ie on March 29, 1971 nail=-_
the Senator 4'ronl Virginia introduced S.
1404, to lift the ban on Rhodesian trade.
The Foreign Relations Committee kne-s
that and refused to report the bill. The
United States did not need Rhodesia,':
chrome last Ieptember or October as the
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May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Senate debated the Military Procurement
Act. We demonstrated that at one point
by voting against the Senator from
Virginia. Predictably, the United States
has still failed to demonstrate a need for
chrome from Southern Rhodesia.
And so it is, that today we have one
more opportunity to deny shipments of
Rhodesian chrome or any other Rhode-
sian commodity from entering American
ports. I can see no legitimate reason for
continuing to admit chrome ore ship-
ments into this country. All evidence
shows that our national requirements
can be and are being satisfactorily met
from other sources.
Those who would insist otherwise can
be motivated only by the insensitive
claws of racism.,
Supporting Rhodesian chrome imports
lends support to the cruelly repressive
doctrine of the white miority-ruled
Rhodesian regime. Southern Rhodesia
broke away from Great Britian in 1965
because it could not win approval of its
national system to persecute over 5 mil-
lion black Africans who deservedly seek
to enjoy basic human rights and privi-
leges. Even the British Government has
reaffirmed its opposition to Rhodesia's
repressive policies.
After the Senate's vote last October,
it was believed that the Rhodesian pre-
mier, Ian Smith, had gained consider-
able leverage in his delicate negotiations
to gain legal independence for the rebel
government. But the Pearce Commis-
sion was obviously more impressed by the
fervent expressions of rejection by
African people than by the desire to re-
open economic trade channels.
I am firmly opposed to trade with
Southern Rhodesia as long as that na-'
tion. persists with its inhuman racist
policies. Bishop Abel Muzorewa, the
African Methodist bishop, readily dispels
any notion that sanctions are damaging
to the welfare of black Rhodesians. In
my talks with. the bishop on May 4, I
was deeply impressed with this one man's
mighty conviction to stand up against
the rigidity of the ruling Government.
He knows that the terms of the Pearce
Commission are a sellout of the African
people. He also knows that the world's
powers must be held accountable for
their dealings with his country's rulers.
If the United States is not prepared to do
the right thing regarding Rhodesia, then
we should do nothing-12,000 partici-
pants in last week's African American
National Conference on Africa em-
phasized that the "right thing" can only
be an end to America's complicity with
the Rhodesian rulers whose distorted
views violate America's pledge to seek
human justice for all.
Congressman CHARLES Droos, the dis-
tinguished chairman of the House Sub-
committee on African Affairs, could not
be more exact in saying that nothing
gives African people greater concern
than our position of mere lipservice
against the evils of apartheid and mi-
nority rule.
I believe that if we fail to replace
sanctions against Rhodesian trade we
will completely destroy any credibility we
may have with other African nations
and we will erode the faith of concerned
r
citizens-here at home-both black and
white-who see our Nation increasing its
support of countries that officially main-
tain racist policies.
It is time that we in the United States
act to affirm the claim that all people
must be granted personal rights, self-
determination, and fundamental free-
doms without regard to race.
It is clear that violating our United
Nation's resolution to band trade with
Rhodesia is totally inexcusable.
Mr. President, I shall vote to defeat the
Byrd amendment, and I urge each Mem-
ber of the Senate to vote against the
amendment.
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Massachusetts yield?
Mr. McGEE. This is all on the 3 min-
utes now, otherwise we are out.
Mr. KENNEDY. I yield.
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, I am
sure that our country would not directly
pursue a foreign policy which would be a
common, ordinary foreign policy. I think
it is our dream-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 3
minutes- have now expired.
Mr. MONDALE. That we have some-
thing special, that we have higher stand-
ards in this country that would dictate-
it would seem to me-a rejection of the
amendment of the Senator from Vir-
ginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR).
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, I yield myself 1 minute. The distin-
guished Senator from Massachusetts said
that this proposal would throw a road-
block in the way of trade with Russia.
It would do no such thing. All the pro-
posal says is that the United States can
trade with Rhodesia as well as with the
Soviet Union. It keeps Russia from hav-
ing a monopoly. It does do that. I do not
suppose anyone wants to argue that Rus-
sia should have a monopoly on things.
Mr. KENNEDY. Do we not also get
chrome from Turkey as well?
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Yes.
Mr. KENNEDY. So, we do not have a
monopoly with the Soviet Union.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. The bulk
of the imports have been from the So-
viet Union.
Mr. KENNEDY. The Senator is cor-
rect.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator's 1 minute has expired.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, I yield myself one-half minute.
Mr. President, this does not prevent the
importation of chrome from Russia. It
does not affect trade with Russia. It says
that Rhodesia can also be traded with.
Mr. President, I yield 2 minutes to the
Senator from Alabama.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Alabama is recognized for 2
minutes.
Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I rise in
support of the pending amendment by
the distinguished Senator from Virginia
(Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr.).
The bill before the Senate would deny
the United States the right to import cer-
tain stockpiled minerals considered es-
sential to our national defense from
non-Communist nations but permit` im-
portation from Communist nations.
Mr. President, whether or not the Sen-
S 8625
ate should agree to the amendment must
be considered in the light of unavoid-
able consequences of its rejection.
From the standpoint of consequences,
it is crystal clear that enactment of the
bill without the amendment would bene-
fit the Soviet Union and other Com-
munist nations. A second consequence is
that the United States might well become
dependent upon the Soviet Union and
Communist-bloc nations for a strategic
defense material. Other adverse con-
sequences relate to our domestic in-
dustry which, unless the amendment is
agreed to, will be compelled to use in-
ferior-grade chrome ore and pay almost
twice the price of a superior grade of
chrome available from the independent
nation of Rhodesia.
Furthermore, it would seem that the
motive underlying the pending bill is
punitive in that it is intended to dam-
age the economy of Rhodesia and even-
tually force that nation to alter its
constitution.
Mr. President, let us sum up the con-
sequences: First, the provisions of the
bill would benefit the Soviet'Union and
Communist nations; second, they would
seriously impair our national defense;
third, they would impose unnecessary
burdens on our domestic industry; and
fourth, proclaim our intention to dam-
age the economy of Rhodesia and help
nullify the constitution of that nation.
Mr. President, it is reasonable to ask
what the proponents of the bill as pend-
ing offer to justify these adverse conse-
quences. Since the State Department is
the chief proponent, the Department's
positions are instructive. It is said that
the American people and Congress are
bound by the United Nations treaty to
uphold a specific decision by the United
Nations Security Council that Rhodesia
constitutes a threat to world peace. In-
cidentally, the mere suggestion that
Rhodesia is a threat to world peace is an
absurdity. It is even ludicrous when sug-
gested by an organization vested with a
`responsibility for maintaining interna-
tional peace and security of nations.
Nevertheless, we are asked to believe
that on the basis of this determination
we are obligated to implement the Secu-
rity Council's decision to impose eco-
nomic sanctions against Rhodesia in or-
der to suppress the supposed threat of
that nation to international peace and
security.
Mr. President, let us put aside the ri-
diculous and purely fictitious idea that
Rhodesia is a threat to world peace,
which is the basis for asserting United
Nations jurisdiction and thus the basis
for asserting the power to impose eco-
nomic sanctions on that nation. Instead,
let us turn to the more fundamental
argument that the American people and
Congress are bound by the United Na-
tions treaty to "gee and haw" on com-
mand of the United Nations Security
Council.
Mr. President, why should the people
of the United States and this Congress
be bound by the United Nations Security
Council with respect to measures which
we must take against other nations, in-
cluding the use of Armed Forces? Does
the Soviet Union feel bound by the same
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Under present political circumstances,
Communist nations have agreed to sanc-
tions imposed against Rhodesia by the
United Nations Security Council. Ac-
cordingly, we must take advantage of
this political circumstance and follov%
suit because such opportunities, and i
qucte :
Aie more important for the United N
one issue here that has not been dis-
cussed very fully. It concerns the role oa
some of the multmlational. giant corpora-
tions. It leaves otit Allegheny Ludlum
and Union Carbi e. It leaves out all of
the other economi ; interests affected, all
of which would b refit from this action.
It likewise raises the prospect that the
British themselve$ may lift their sanc-
tions.
Mr. President, today this body votes
on an issue whichi will test the faithful-
ness of this Natio4 to its commitment to
the United Nation and to that organiza-
tion's future impo 'tance and influence.
I am referring tq an amendment which
is being offered (by the distinguished
senior Senator frolm Virginia, Mr. BYRD.
That amendment] would delete section
503 from the State Department-USIA
authorization bill. Section 503 would re
verse action taken] by this body last year
which allowed us (-co import chrome ore
and other strategic, materials from Rho-
desia in violation op: sanctions imposed by
the United Nation .
Rather than rel eating the mistake we
made last year, I,; rongly urge this body
to give the United Nations a chance at
survival. The organization has a new
leader in Mr. Kurt Waldheim of Austria
who assumes his st at a time when the
U.N. is in very ow status. Whatever
slight hopes we ty have of the United
Nations becoming an effective organiza-
tion must not be shed by a repeat per-
formance of last ar. We must give the
U.N. a chance rater than taking action
which can only undermine both the or-
ganization and Mi-. Waldheiln.
There is one cri ical point which pro-
ponents of violati$ig the U.N. sanctions
have conveniently] chosen to overlook in
presenting their ase. One of the com-
plications associa d with the action of
the U.S. Senate la t fall-and we warned
of that danger du Ling the debate at that
time-was that vie were taking action
at a time when tle British and Rhode-
sian Governments were in the midst of
negotiations to arrive at an equitable
settlement. All th direct reports from
the Rhodesian cap tol, the morning after
the Senate took Its action, stated that
the Smith gover ment's attitude had
hardened complet 1y. The spirit of give
and take which ha I marked the negotia-
tions up until ourlaction had been com-
pletely destroyed.
These reports w$re substantiated when
I consulted with the leaders of both the
British Labor an Conservative parties
during my trip to the Isle of Jersey ear-
lier this month to participate in the
Anglo-American onferenice on Africa.
The leaders of th parties were ada-
mant in reporting Ito me that the action
of the Senate, c ng when it did, hard-
ened the Rhodesi in Government posi-
tion and resulted! in a proposed settle-
ment far less equitable than what every-
one had hoped for. This, in turn, re-
sulted in the predictable negative re-
sponse the Pearce Commission received
t,?eaty to accept the dictation of the
United Nations Security Council? It does
not. Do Communist bloc nations feel
it 'und in the same manner? They dt not.
]Dues Red China feel bound to obey the
dictates of the United Nations Security
C;-uncil? It does not. Why, then, should
we feel bound when other nations, do not?
Is it not true that the United Nations
is now insolvent or at least on the brink
o_ insolvency for the scie reason that the
Soviet Union, Communist bloc nations
and France refused to be bound by
United Nations Security Council dictates
in its so-called "peace-keeping" e-`forts
in Nigeria?
It was almost 21/2 years ago that
the United Nations Security Council
launched its great "peacekeeping" ven-
ture against Biafra. One result of that
mission was the loss of 2 million lives in
Biafra through starvation and malnutri-
tion alone, apart from the casualties of
battle. Close to 5 million people were
uprooted and settled in refugee camps
during the "peacekeeping" efforts of
that monumental tragedy which eventu-
ally cost approximately $594 million.
Most of the casualties in this great
"humanitarian" effort were innocent
women and children.
Whether or not the United Nations war
in Nigeria was Justified is not the ques-
tion. The question is whether or not the
American people and this Congress are
bound by a treaty which does not bind
other member nations to the treaty.
Mr. President, the administration,
through its State Department, takes the
position that we should be bound by the
determinations of the United Nations Se-
curity Council even though other na-
tions are not bound. The reasons ad-
vanced for this position were clearly set
out by Richard F. Pederson, Counselor
of the Department of State, in a speech
delivered before the United Nations As-
sociation in Stockton, Calif., on April 21,
1972.
In substance, the administration posi-
tion is that the United States should be
bound by Security Council decisions even
in the matter of committing our Armed
Forces. Further, that neither the United
States nor any other nation has the right
to veto or to avoid Security Council de-
terminations including those to the use
of our Armed Forces and those which
call upon us to participate in economic
boycotts against other nations.
The argument begins with the assump-
tion that we must make the United Na-
tions work as an instrument to maintain
international peace and security. It is
readily admitted on all sides that it has
not.
The greatest obstacle to this goal, ac-
cording to this argument, is the reluc-
tance of member states to respect the au-
thority of the Security Council-particu-
larly among permanent members of the
Council.
Therefore, it is argued, if we are to
make the United Nations Security Coun-
cil work, we must take advantage of and
I quote:
Ad hoc pragmatic opportunities to make
use of peace keeping arrangements as polit-
ical circumstances permit.
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May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
in determining the sentiment' for or
against the proposed settlement. Just
last week the Pearce Commission report
was issued and the Commission re-
jected the proposal because a vast ma-
jority of the blacks, who comprise 95
percent of the Rhodesian population, op-
posed the settlement.
Again, I emphasize, this was a direct
consequence of action taken by this
body last October. We urged the Senate,
last fall, to hold off on consideration of
the Rhodesian chrome ore issue until
the negotiations were completed. But
the U.S. Senate chose to ignore this plea,
and, as a result, we literally sabotaged
any chance for a livable compromise to
be worked out between the two govern-
ments. The British have announced they
will continue to abide by the sanctions
until a workable settlement can be
ironed- out and they are hopeful that
we will do the same. It, therefore, be-
comes even more imperative that the
U.S. Senate reserve the action it took
last fall and vote to reimpose our ob-
servance of the sanctions.
Another point which is essential to
a realistic assessment of the issues in-
volved in the Senate vote today centers
.around our role in attempting to find a
nonviolent solution to the British-Rho-
desian problem in 1966. At that time,
the British and Rhodesian Govern-
ments were on the brink of armed con-
flict. We goaded the British into going
to the U.N. as an alternative to armed
conflict-at least give the U.N, a chance
to come up with an alternative to vio-
lence. We interceded as an honest bro-
ker. Now we have become the only coun-
try to formally break the sanctions. As
a result, this -issue becomes more than
just honoring our commitment to the
U.N. It has become a matter of honoring
our own commitment in acting as an
honest broker. Our integrity as an hon-
est broker is at stake.
In light of these circumstances, it be-
comes all the more important that the
United States detach itself from policies
which convey the impression that we
are prepared to put up with and profit
from the exploitation of Rhodesian
blacks. By continuing to violate the sanc-
tions we are thus conveying this very
impression.
. The Senate vote also comes at a time
when the President has completed his
summit talks with the Soviet Union in
Moscow. One of the primary purposes of
the President's meeting was that of ham-
mering out an agreement for expanding
trade between our two nations. By tossing
the outworn scare tactic of trading with
a Communist nation into the arena of
debate on the Rhodesian chrome issue,
the U.S. Senate is only serving to under-
mine the President's efforts to seek a
relaxation of tensions around the world.
The Senate is now in a position to re-
store our International leadership in the
United Nations. Section 503 would re-
turn the United States to a position
where it obeys international law and ful-
fills its obligations under the United Na-
tions Charter. if we wish to see peaceful
change take place in southern Africa,
we will have to recognize that the sanc-
tions program, for all of its inadequacies,
has had a detrimental effect on the Rho-
desian economy. In spite of the known
violations of the sanctions, the propo-
nents of violating the sanctions against
Rhodesia have yet. to explain how the
failure of other nations to enforce the
sanctions releases the United States from
its obligations in terms of the interna-
tional law of treaties.
There have been allegations made by
those who advocate we violate interna-
tional law that our defense needs require
that we not be dependent on Russian
chrome to meet these needs. This is
nothing more than a deliberate hoax.
Events since the vote last October have
served only to bear out the misleading
innuendo and phoniness associated with
this allegation. None of the chrome which
is now being imported from Rhodesia is
going into our strategic stockpile. Our
national defense was never imperiled by
our observance of the United Nations
boycott. To further compound the phoni-
ness of this issue, the Senate, on the rec-
ommendation of the Armed Services
Committee, recently passed S. 773 releas-
ing from the national stockpile 1,313,600
short dry tons of metallurgical grade
chromite.
The critical point to keep in mind is
that Rhodesian chrome is not going into
the strategic stockpile. Government au-
thorities have assured us that there are
2.2 million tons of excess chrome in our
national stockpile. The 1.3 million tons
proposed to be drawn out under S. 773
will meet our total defense and industry
needs for 2 years, and our defense needs
alone for almost 20 years.
It should be further pointed out that
contrary to statements by proponents of
our violating the sanctions, we actually
imported less chrome ore from the Soviet
Union in 1971 than we did from one of
our allies-Turkey. The imports from
Russia declined from 58 percent in 1970
to 36 percent in 1971, according to data
from the U.S. Bureau of Mines. Imports
from Turkey totaled 39 percent of our
total imports in 1971.
It has been alleged that the Russian
ore is really Rhodesian are. From all the
evidence available to us, this also appears
to be nothing more than a fabrication.
Russian ore is clearly different in color,
substance, and character from Rhodesian
ore and is of considerably higher grade.
Authorities at the Department of Com-
merce and the U.S. Geological Survey
find no evidence that Russian ore is really
Rhodesian ore transshipped. Proponents
of our violating the U.N. sanctions have
brought forward no scientific proof to
support this allegation.
Those who oppose the U.N. sanctions
ignore a very important economic factor
relating to other U.S. business Interests
exclusive of such companies as Union
Carbide, Foote Mineral Co. and Alle-
gheny Ludlum, in those African nations
which are not dominated by white gov-
ernments. Independent black Africa,
which views our position on southern
African issues as a test of our commit-
ment to self-determination and equality,
have been seriously disturbed by our vio-
lation of the sanctions. This has endan-
gered our economic and political inter-
ests in those nations which account for
58627
over three-fifths of our trade and nearly
two-thirds of our investment in Africa.
It would hardly be equitable to those
American business interests which would
be on the receiving end of economic re-
taliation on the part of those African
nations because we were shortsighted in
not adhering to the sanctions.
This brings me to another important
point. I am very much concerned over the
growing influence of multinational cor-
porations on this Nation's foreign policy-
making. In fact, the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee is so concerned about
the growing number of incidents in this
area that we will be holding hearings into
that question in the near future. Yet,
Foote Mineral Co. and Union Carbide
have been very instrumental in pres-
suring for congressional approval of our
violating the U.N. sanctions to serve the
economic interests of these two com-
panies. They have been very instru-
mental in distorting the truth and the
real issues involved in our adherence to
the sanctions. These two companies have
been very instrumental in fabricating
the case for our ignoring the sanctions.
It is, indeed, a sad day when the U.S.
Senate falls victim to a ploy as repre-
hensible as this and allows foreign pol-
icy considerations to be determined by
two corporations who have significant
holdings in Rhodesia. I can tell you right
now that both Union Carbide and Foote
Mineral Co. will have some tough ques-
tions to answer as to their role in the
Rhodesian chrome issue when these
hearings open.
To allow sanctions to be broken for
some American corporations and not for
others creates injustices and places the
Government in the anomalous position of
prosecuting fertilizer manufacturers. it
is interesting to note that American
tobacco companies have profited hand-
somely from the exclusion of Rhodesian
tobacco from the British market by the
sanctions program, yet I have not seen
a proposal offered which would lift the
sanctions on Rhodesian tobacco.
In conclusion, I would like once again
to refer to the letter I received from John
Irwin III, Acting Secretary of State,
who outlined the administration's sup-
port for section 503 of'the State Depart-
ment authorization bill.
Mr. Irwin stated:
Repeal now would serve to make us less
vulnerable to unfavorable international re-
action. As a result of the legislation now in
force, our international interests have suf-
fered in other respects. In Africa, where our
position on Rhodesia has heretofore been
seen as a test of our commitment to self-
determination and racial equality, our credi-
bility has suffered. The depth of African
concern has been particularly strong in some
nations where our interests far outweigh
those in Rhodesia. In the United Nations,
we will face, with each shipment of chrome
or other commodity, an increasing erosion
of our position. While we have sought and
continue to seek means of making the exist-
ing sanctions against Rhodesia more effec-
tive, and less liable to circumvention by
others, our ability to do so is seriously lim-
ited by the legislation now in effect.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator's time has expired.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I simply
conclude by saying to my colleagues that
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S 8628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE
I have heard of selling one's birthright
for a mess of potage, but never for a
crock of chrome.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, the amendment which we are about
to vote or, would leave the law as it is
now and as Congress passed it last year.
Mr. President, I yield whatever time I
have remaining to the Senator from Ne-
vada.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
ator from Nevada is recognized.
Mr. CANNON, Mr. President, we have
heard a lot about how this action would
damage the results of the President's
recent visit to Russia. However, it is Very
interesting to note that we have not
heard one word from Russia that they
have negotiated their policy toward the
Soviet Jews. Yet we are dealing with
that nation and buying chrome from
them at the same time that we are try-
ing to invoke a sanction against Rho-
desia. The policy of Russia with respect
to the Soviet Jews is equally abhorrent
to me.
This is a very specious argument. It is
an argument that does not hold water.
We would save $100 million here for the
American consumers.
Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, the United
States must not forfeit its long-term in-
terests in Africa for a few more boatloads
of Rhodesian chrome.
Today I ask the Senate to reject the
amendment offered by the Senator from
Virginia. I urge its rejection, not out of
blind repugnance toward Ian Smith's
racist purposes, but as a matter of prag-
matic national policy. Our continued
purchases of Rhodesian chrome, which
this measure would permit, is simply not
worth the price we would have to pay in
terms of our international position.
The State Department has quite un-
derstandably urged rejection of this
amendment. The administration's rea-
soning is sound. To accept the Byrd
measure would be to deny our country's
international treaty obligations and to
renege on our historic record of a 100-
percent support for the U.N. Security
Council. Moreover, it would mean a U.S.
rejection of world peace through law at
the time in which we are trying to con-
struct such a framework.
These last few days have seen major
breakthroughs in the development of
world law. The United States and the
Soviet Union have taken major steps
toward substituting peaceful for military
competition.
In no part of the world is there such
a ground for peaceful competition among
economic systems as in Africa.
Africa, itself, has not yet felt the curse
of the "cold war." Hopefully it never will.
The long battle against colonialism,
however, continues. If the United States
is to maintain its good relations with
independent Africa, it must be an ally in
this great crusade.
Rhodesia is a symbol of that struggle.
It stands as a living memory to the cen-
turies of European colonialism in Africa,
Its racist policies stand as a sharp in-
dignity to the people of that continent,
an indignity which touches them daily.
Rhodesia is an indignity to the United
States as well. Here is a country ruled by
less than 5 percent of its population,
which sees itself as a part of the "free
world." It longs for membership in the
western non-Communist world. It espe-
cially seeks the economic and moral sup-
port of the United States. That support
must be denied.
Today the Senate must take a firm
position on the Rhodesian question. It
must state to the Rhodesian people, black
and white, that the United States will not
sell out its principles for short-term eco-
nomic gain, It will not forsake interna-
tional law, its hope for peaceful develop-
ment in Africa, even its essential belief
in the equality of man just to get a better
deal on chrome.
Mr. BROCK.*Mr. President, once again
the actions of this Senate's Committee
on Foreign Relations appear to have
been formulated in a vacuum.
I have reference to the committee's
steps to restrict importation of chrome
from Rhodesia and thus, restore the So-
viet Union to a virtual monopoly posi-
tion on sales of critical chromium ore to
the United States.
The illogic of this move is deepened
by the fact that on September 23 of last,
year during deliberations on the military
procurement authorizations bill, the Son-
ate decidedly rejected attempts to re-
strict U.S. purchases on this one vital
element from this tiny African nation.
Moreover, because of crucial negotia-
tions between Britain and Rhodesia
which were pending at the time the Sen-
ate affirmed its support of ending pur-
chase restrictions on chrome, I offered
an amendment to delay implementation
of section 503 until January 1, 1972. This
amendment was accepted and, therefore,
the section has only been in effect little
more than 5 months.
It may be worthwhile to recount some
of the reasons why we found ourselves
in the predicament of having to support
the most powerful Communist nation
with chromite purchases at a price arti-
ficially controlled by the Soviets.
In late 1966, the U.H. Council, in which
we hold the right of veto, imposed selec-
tive sanctions on Rhodesia. Later, the
embargo became total.
Following the action by the United
Nations, President Johnson ordered an
embargo on trade with Rhodesia. This
action was unilaterally taken by the
President without allowing the Congress
the opportunity to express itself.
Prior to President Johnson's decree,
the United States had imported the vast
majority of strategic chromite from
Rhodesia. Since there is no domestic
production of the metal in this country,
this action and subsequent approval by
our U.N. representatives of the Security
Council embargo forced the United
States to turn to the U.S.S.R. for about
60 percent of its chrome ore.
During last year's debate to permit the
purchase of this single strategic com-
modity from Rhodesia. the Subcommit-
tee on National Stockpile a Naval Petro-
leum Reserve found that, since Russia
became the chief U.S. source of chrome
ore, she had increased the price per ton
from $25 to $72 on an increase of 183
percent.
We were being had.
May 1, 1 99
Mr. Presid nt, in our zeal to show our
disapproval o Rhodesia's declaration of
independence from Britain and minority
rule over a itajorit ,, we were in actu-
ality perpetuating a far more inequitable
situation in he US S.R., the domina-
tion of a tiny) Communist majority over
some 240 millikjn Russians.
Furthermor., the Rhodesia sanctions
have proved t have tittle or no affect on
her economic viability.
It is foolhar4y to limit ourselves to pur-
chases of ch ome from the Russians
when we can urchaso the same ore at a
lower price fro an ally; especially, when
the total sanctions against Rhodesia
have had littlelIeffect in altering the poli-
cies which we disapproved.
There is a d uble edge to the sword of
economic sane ons imposed on Rhodesia.
Intended to to )ple the existing govern-
ment, they als deprive the black Rho-
desians of job and opportunity which
results from t de. Once such sanctions
prove ineffecti a for their political mo-
tive, they should be lifted so as not to
prolong the d leterious effects on the
general populu .
From practic lly ever angle the United
States would b cutting off its hand to
spite its face ere the Senate to rein-
stitute restrictions on ore purchases from
Rhodesia. We ray a higher price for
the commodity. when purchased from
U.S.S.R. We c -eate a dependency for
strategic mater al. We harm. the people
of Rhodesia wh'le doing nothing which
alters the politf al structure of the coun-
try. By reinstituting a Johnson policy
which seek to i4terpose ourselves in the
internal affairs Of another state, we per-
petrate the sa e arrogant philosophy
which sank us Into our involvement in
Southeast Asia. I
In my .judgm nt, there is no redeem-
ing justification to support a renewed
embargo on c romium imports from
Rhodesia. Most mportantly, Mr. Presi-
dent, there is no reason so compelling to
justify our depe dency for a strategic,
defense material on a Communist-domi-
nated state. i,
I hope the Se ate again reaffirms its
early position t at when we have the
option to purchase a strategic material
from a free-worl nation at a competiti-
tive price that t ere should be no legis-
lated impedimen s to exercising the op-
tion when it woul require us to purchase
the same comm. sty from the Commu-
nists at an inflat d rate.
Mr. BROOKE. *r. President, I strongly
oppose the pendi g amendment to strike
section 503 from the State Department-
USIA authorizati n bill This section of
the bill, as drafted, would undo the un-
fortunate action which congress took
last year in liftin , the embargo on im-
porting Rhodesi n chrome into the
United States.
Many of the is ues raised during last
year's debate are involved today. These
arguments conce national security, our
relations with th United Nations and
Africa, and the ba is question of whether
the United States hould implicitly sanc-
tion the continuaqce of toe racially re-
pugnant policy of the current Rhodesian
Government. If those were the sole points
under discussion, I(then I would expect
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 8629
that the Senate vote today would reflect
last year's tally.
However, I firmly believe that the Sen-
ate has an even greater obligation this
year to oppose Rhodesian chrome 4m-
portation. The political situation in Rho-
desia is at a most sensitive point. A pro-
posed British settlement with the Rho-
desian Government has been rejected by
the majority of the Rhodesian blacks
who constitute 95 percent of that coun-
try's population. As a result, the future
international economic policy toward
Rhodesia, as well as the continued viabil-
ity of the Ian Smith regime, remain open
questions.
In 1966, a minority white government
proclaimed its independence from British
colonial rule, at a time when the British
were attempting to work out a fair policy
for permitting Rhodesia's black majority
to participate in the political process of
that country. The blatantly racist rule
that has characterized that government
during the intervening 6 years has been
a dark blemish in the overall record of
growth for African independence and
majority rule.
The imposition of economic sanctions,
adopted by the United Nations General
Assembly with only two dissenting votes,
has represented an effort by the world
community to register its opposition to
the continuation of the apartheid policy.
Because of these sanctions, Rhodesia
cannot now freely trade with the world
community.
Last year's congressional action was
a direct refutation of that international
agreement. By stating that the United
States can import chrome from Rhodesia,
Congress violated a policy which our own
Government had initially advocated and
which the administration still supports.
It is of the utmost necessity that the
United States respect its international
commitments.
We should also be responsive to world
opinion. The peoples and nations of
Africa in particular have expressed deep
concern with the recent American action
in reopening trade with Rhodesia. It has
been difficult, indeed, for our Govern-
ment to attempt to explain to these gov-
ernments why the United States has
lifted the sanctions on chrome at the
same time that it has encouraged self-
determination and racial equality for all
African people. DOLPH) are necessarily absent.
In addition, it should be clear that the On this vote, the Senator from Min-
United States and our Nation's busi- nesota (Mr. HUMPHREY) is paired with
nesses do not need Rhodesian chrome. the Senator from Mississippi (Mr. EAST-
The amount already in the stockpile, as LAND). If present and voting, the Senator
well as that authorized for disposal in from Minnesota would vote "nay" and
legislation approved this year by the the Senator from Mississippi would vote
Senate, would fulfill our domestic needs "yea."
for about 18 months. And, according to On this vote, the Senator from South
the State Department, defense require- Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN) is paired with
ments amount to only 10 percent of our the Senator from North Carolina (Mr.
total domestic needs. ERVIN). If present and voting, the Sena-
There are also available large amounts tor from South Dakota would vote "nay"
of chrome from other nations, includ- and the Senator from North Carolina
ing the Soviet Union. At a time when would vote "yea."
President Nixon is returning from that On this vote, the Senator from Indiana
nation with the announced intention of (Mr. HARTKE), is paired with the Senator
opening up additional trade avenues with from West Virginia (Mr. RANDOLPH). If
the Soviets, it seems counterproductive present and voting, the Senator from In-
for the Senate to continue to place it- diana would vote "nay" and the Senator
self on record against the importation of from West Virginia would vote "yea."
chrome and related minerals from Com- Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the
munist nations. Also, adequate chrome
resources remain available from Turkey
and the Philippines, allies with whom
we maintain active and mutually benefi-
cial trade relations.
In short, Mr. President, there exists
no sound or logical purpose for A he
United States to continue to flaunt the
United Nations' economic sanctions
against Rhodesia. The Senate Foreign
Relations Committee recognized that
fact by recommending a halt to last year's
resumption of trade. I hope that the
Senate will agree to retain the commit-
'tee's provision.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
has expired. The question is on agreeing
to the amendment of the Senator from
Virginia. On this question the yeas and
nays have been ordered, and the clerk
The assistant legislative clerk called
the roll.
Mr. GRIFFIN (when his name was
called). On this vote I have a live pair
with the Senator from Tennessee (Mr.
BAKER). If he were present and voting
he would vote "yea." If I were permitted
to vote, I would vote "nay." I withhold my
vote.
Mr. RIBICOFF (when his name was
called). On this vote I have a live pair
with the Senator from Arkansas (Mr.
MCCLELLAN). If he were present and vot-
ing he would vote "yea." If I were per-
mitted to vote I would vote "nay." I with-
hold my vote.
Mr. CANNON (after having voted in
the affirmative). On this vote I have a
pair with the Senator from Maine (Mr.
MusKIE). If he were present and voting
.he would vote "nay." I have already voted
"yea." I withdraw my vote.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce
that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr.
ANDERSON), the Senator from Mississippi
(Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from North
Carolina (Mr. ERVIN), the Senator from
Oklahoma (Mr. HARRIS), the Senator
from Indiana (Mr. RARTKE), the Sena-
tor from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY),
the Senator from North Carolina (Mr.
JORDAN), the Senator from Arkansas (Mr.
MCCLELLAN), the Senator from South
Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), the Senator
from Montana (Mr. METCALF), the Sena-
tor from Maine (Mr. MUSKIE), and the
Senator from West Virginia (Mr. RAN-
Senator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER),
the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. CASE),
the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. FONG), the
Senator from Wyoming (Mr. HANSEN),
the Senator from Oregon (Mr. HATFIELD),
and the Senator from Iowa (Mr. MILLER)
are necessarily absent.
The Senator from ' Maryland (Mr.
MATHIAS) is absent on official business.
The Senator from Arizona (Mr. GOLD-
WATER) and - the Senator from South
Dakota (Mr. MUNDT) are absent because
of illness.
If present and voting, the Senator
from New Jersey (Mr. CASE) would vote
"nay."
The pair of the Senator from Tennes-
see (Mr. BAKER) has been previously an-
nounced.
On this vote, the Senator from Arizona
(Mr. GOLDWATER) is paired with the Sen-
ator from Oregon (Mr. HATFIELD). If
present and voting, the Senator from
Arizona would vote "yea" and the Sena-
tor from Oregon would vote "nay."
The result was announced-yeas 40,
nays 36, as follows:
[No. 193 Leg.]
YEAS-40
Allen
Cotton
Roth
Allott
Curtis
Saxbe
Beall
Dole
Schweiker
Bellmon
Dominick
Smith
Bennett
Ellender
Sparkman
Bentsen
Fannin
Spong
Bible
Gambrell
Stennis
Brock
Gurney
Taft
Buckley
Hollings
Talmadge
Byrd,
Hruska
Thurmond
Harry F., Jr.
Jordan, Idaho
Tower
Byrd, Robert C. Long
Weicker
Chiles
Montoya
Young
Cook
'Pearson
NAYS-36
Aiken
Hughes
Packwood
Bayh
Inouye
Pastore
Boggs
Jackson
Pell
Brooke
Javits
Percy
'Burdick
Kennedy
Proxmire
Church
Magnuson
Scott
Cooper
Mansfield
Stafford
Cranston
McGee
Stevens
Eagleton
McIntyre
Stevenson
Fulbright
Mondale
Symington
Gravel
Moss
Tunney
Hart
Nelson
Williams
PRESENT AND GIVING LIVE PAIRS, AS
PREVIOUSLY RECORDED--3
Griffin, against.
Ribicoff,,against.
Cannon, for.
NOT VOTING-21
Anderson
Hansen
McClellan
Baker
Harris
McGovern
Case
Hartke
Metcalf
Eastland
Hatfield
Miller
Ervin
Humphrey
Mundt
Fong
Jordan, N.C.
Muskie
Goldwater
Mathias
Randolph
So the amendment of Mr. HARRY F.
BYRD, Jr., was agreed to.
Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi-
dent, I move to reconsider the vote by
which the amendment was agreed to.
Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I move
to lay that motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
AMENDMENTS NO. 1209
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I call up
my amendments No. 1209.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will please state the amendments.
The assistant legislative clerk read
the amendments offered by Mr. PERCY
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 31 i 1972
(for himself and Ml'. TUNNEY), as fol- great skill, experience and stature, a man
lows: who is recognized and respected both
S. 3526 within the Government and in the busi-
On page 3, line 10, insert "(1)" immediately ness community. Such an individual
after "(a)". could not be attracted unless he were
On page 3, line 14, strike out "two Deputy assured of a position, rank, and salary
Under Secretaries of State" and insert in
lieu thereof "an Under Secretary of State for just below the Secretary and the Deputy
Political Affairs, an Under Secretary of State Secretary. As we are aware, the cur-
for Economic Affairs, a Deputy Under Seem- rent incumbent, Mr. Nathaniel Samuels,
tary of State". has resigned his position after more than
On page 3, between lines 15 and 16. insert
the following new paragraph (2) :
"(2) Section 2(b) of the Act of May 26,
1949, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2652), is re-
pealed."
On page 4, between lines 23 and 24, insert
the following new paragraphs:
"(2) Section 5314(9) is amend"I by strik-
ing out 'or' before 'Under Secretary of State
for Economic Affairs' and inserting in lieu
thereof 'and'.
"(3) Section 5315(10) is amended to read
as follows:
"'(10) Deputy Under Secretary of State.',"
On page 4, line 24, strike out "i2)" and in-
sert in lieu thereof "(4) ",
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time
of the amendment is under control. Who
yields time?
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I yield my-
self such time as I require. For the in-
formation of the Senate, I shall not use
all of the time allotted to me, and prob-
ably will complete my comments in only
5 or 10 minutes.
Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and
nays on the amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas
and nays have been ordered heretofore.
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, at the
present time the Department of State
is headed by a Secretary and an Under
Secretary. S. 3526 proposes changing the
title of the Under Secretary to Deputy
Secretary to reflect the fact that the
No. 2 officer in the Department acts as
the full deputy and alter ego to the
Secretary.
The No. 3 position in the Department
is now authorized to be either an Under
Secretary for Political Affairs, as it is
now, or an Under Secretary for Eco-
nomic Affairs, as it has been at times in
the past. With the increasingly complex
nature of the foreign affairs process, the
Department should have officers at the
full Under Secretary level in both the
political and economic areas. It has re-
quested legislation authorizing such a
position, a request that has the full sup-
port of the Office of Management and
Budget. The amendment which Senator
TUNNEY and I are offering would snake
this possible. We cite the following rea-
sons in support of this amendment:
First, having economic affairs raised
to the importance of political affairs
would reflect the fact that the Depart-
ment is increasingly concerned with the
economic side of foreign policy and in-
ternational relations.
Second, as an agency vitally concerned
with foreign economic policy, and pro-
viding` important support to the Presi-
dent's Council on International Economic
3 years of loyal and diligent service in
support of this Government's efforts to
strengthen its international economic
position.
Fourth, while the Secretary and
Deputy Secretary may from time to time
become involved in economic affairs, the
man in day-to-day charge of the Depart-
ment's activities in this area should be
able to deal himself with other Cabinet
and sub-Cabinet officers. This would be
difficult without having the requisite
rank in the Department.
Fifth, the negotiations that lie ahead
in trade, monetary, and commercial mat-
ters are of such extraordinary importance
to the United States that the Department
of State should normally be represented
by an official at the sub-Cabinet level as
this would permit. Needless to say, the
complex East-West trade issues that
combine so many political and economic
considerations will require a very sig-
nificant Department of State input which
such an official could provide. In addi-
tion, the chief economic official in the
Department is the alternate Governor of
the World Bank and of certain of the
regional development banks. He often
heads delegations to meetings of these
institutions in place of the Secretary of
the Treasury, who is the Governor.
I believe that this amendment will be
an effective piece of legislation to
strengthen our Government's team in the
vitally important field of international
economic relations.
I ask unanimous consent that the com-
plete text of a letter dated May 31, 1972,
from the Acting Secretary of State, John
Irwin, be incorporated in the RECORD at
this point.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE,
Washington, 1).C., May 31, 1992.
HOn. CHARLES H. PERCY,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR PERCY: I write in response
to your request for an explanation of the
need for establishing the position of Under
Secretary of State for Economic Affairs.
As you know, your amendment to S. 3526
would enable us to upgrade the importance
of international economic affairs in the De-
partment of State. At present the senior
Department official exclusively responsible
for economic and commercial matters is the
Deputy Under Secretary for Economic At'-
fairs, at the fourth level of our organization.
We wish to raise economic and commercial
affairs to the third level, at which we now
have an Under Secretary for Political Af-
fairs.
Policy, the State Department should and The need for this restructuring derives
wishes to play a major role in correcting from several pragmatic considerations aris-
present shortcomings in this field. For ing from the Secretary's determination to
this an Economic Under Secretary would give greater stress to our economic and com-
th
be First, is the a sigEconom help. mercial responsibIIlties.
Third, to play the role envisaged for standing authorityito replace MrnNathaniel
him, the Department requires a man of Samuels, who is resigning as our Deputy
Under Secretary i)r Economic Affairs, effec-
tive May 31. I hav found that the possibility
of our securing t , services of a man of this
stature will be ve r , much enhanced if he can
be assured a position at the full Under See.
Second, the ueg .tiations. that lie ahead in
trade, monetary a rd commercial matters are
of such extraordinary importance to the
United States tha the Department of State
should normally , represented by an official
at the sub-Cabin t level :is this would per-
mit. Needless to :y, the complex East-West
trade issues that combine so many political
and economic co siderations will require a
very significant 'partment of State input
which such an o clal could provide.
Third, the stre gthening of the Depart-
ment's economic organization will assure
other agencies o the most authoritative
level of cooperatitfn in our common efforts
to improve our b ance of payments and to
expand our exports.
The Office of M nagement and Budget ad-
vises that the creation of this position is
consistent with th objectives of the Admin-
istration for the g ?neral organization of the
Department of Stale.
With kindest re crds,
Sincerely,
JOHN N. IRWIN, Ii,
Acting Secretary.
Mr. PERCY. kffr. President, for the
benefit of my col eagues, I should simply
like to point o that Secretary Irwin
indicates that th i Office of Management
and Budget advi 'es that the creation of
this position is c sistent with the objec-
tives of the adm nistration for the gen-
eral organizatio of the Department of
State.
Mr. TUNNEY and Mr. FULBRIGHT
addressed the Clair.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time? II,
Mr. PERCY. MV I yield to my distin-
guished colleagu from California?
Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. President, does the
Senator from Aransas wish to speak on
this amendment
Mr. FULBRIG IT. Yes,
Mr. TUNNEY. I have a statement in
favor of the ame dment, but if the Sena-
tor wishes to Proceed, lie may do so.
Mr. FULBRIG IT. If the Senator does
not mind, I woul i like to do so.
Mr. President, the committee consid-
ered and rejecte a proposal to create a
new Under Secreary position in the De-
partment of Stat..
There is no n ed for a new position.
The statute alrea ly provides for an Un-
der Secretary Poi ition for economic af-
fairs, if the President wants to designate
a nominee as such. The position, by sta-
tute, can be designated as either "Under
Secretary for Eco}lomic Affairs" or "Un-
der Secretary for Political Affairs." It so
happens that the present incumbent, U.
Alexis Johnson, w~is designated as Under
Secretary for Political Affairs. But over
the years there 1ave been a number of
Under Secretaries] for Economic Affairs-
Thomas C. Mire# George W. Ball, C.
Douglas Dillon, aid William L. Clayton.
There is nothing to prevent the President
from sending up omorrowthe nomina-
tion of a person t be Under Secretary of
State for Econom l Affairs-if he is will-
ing to replace Mid. Johnson. Or, he can
change Mr. Johnsn's title to Under Sec-
retary for Econo is Affairs.
I might point 1t that in addition to
having this auth rity to designate the
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existing Under Secretary position as one amendment to the floor. I feel that it is a trade and great difficulties with our econ-
for economic affairs, there are now two very important amendment. omy here at home, and need to promote
other high-level positions in the Depart- Mr. President, I am certain that we exports.
ment dealing with economic affairs--a all share the concern that America's The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
Deputy Tinder Secretary for Economic economic interests should be accorded yields time?
Affairs, Mr. Nathaniel Samuels, and an the same dignity abroad as her political Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I wish to
Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs, interests. The passage of the Percy-Tun- express my appreciation to my distin-
Mr. Willis Armstrong. So I think the De- ney amendment creating the position of guished cosponsor. I think his comments
partment'z capacity-personnelwise-to Under Secretary of State for Economic certainly underscore the very important
look after our economic interests in for- Affairs will help insure that such impor- role that this position will have.
eign affairs is there, if the President tance is underscored for our economic af- We have now come to a very unusual
chooses to emphasize this facet of the fairs. stage in our economic history. We are
Department's work. The State Department should be given challenged as we have never been chal-
I wish to make one other observation. the opportunity to play an important lenged before. We have the first trade
The Department of State is probably the role in: First, elevating the priority of deficit in the United States since 1888,
most top-heavy department in the execu- America's foreign economic affairs, and and we have not had it for just one quar-
tive branch. This amendment would second, insuring that those matters are , ter, we had it in the last quarter last
make it more so. The State Department integrated as effectively and as smoothly year and the first quarter this year. It
has 17 positions at the Assistant Sec- as possible with other foreign affairs of now looks as if the trade deficit this
retary level and above. Next in rank is the United States. creating the position year may be larger than last year, ex-
the Department of Justice with 12 posi- of United Secretary of State for Eco- ceeding $2 billion. Therefore, the role
tions; the Department of Defense has nomic Affairs will help the State Depart- that the Under Secretary of State for
only 10. The principal reason the.com- ment to elevate that priority as well Economic Affairs can play in the future
mittee rejected the Department of State's as to integrate these matters smoothly is far more important than it has been
plan for additional top-level positions and effectively. in the past, and that is not meant to
was because what the Department has The creation of this position will also:. underestimate its importance in the past.
now in the way of top level positions is First, help the department attract capa- Mr. President, I suggest the absence
so far out of line with other departments ble men to fill these positions related to of a quorum.
of our Government. economic affairs. As the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. On whose
I urge that the amendment be re- Illinois has stressed, such individuals time?
jected. could not be attracted unless they were Mr. PERCY. I ask unanimous consent
I ask unanimous consent that there assured of the position, rank, and salary that the time for the quorum call be di-
be included as a part of my remarks a just below that of the Secretary and the vided between the two sides.
list of the number of top level positions, Deputy Secretary. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
Assistant Secretary level and above, at Second, this position will help enable objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will
other State departments. the person responsible for economic call the roll.
There being r}o objection, the list was matters to deal personally with other The second assistant legislative clerk
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Cabinet and subcabinet officers. He will proceeded to call the roll.
follows: be assured of the position which will Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I ask unan-
NUMBER OF Top-LEVEL POSITIONS BY DEPART- him to make the necessary personal con- imous ronsent that the orter for the quo-
MENT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY LEVEL AND tacts. rum call be'rescinded.
ABOVE Third, the creation of this position will The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
State (17 positions) : Secretary, Deputy help the representative of the Depart- objection, it is so ordered. Who yields
Secretary (title to be changed by this bill), ment of State to deal with economic time?
Under Secretary, Coordinator of Security As- officials of comparable rank in foreign Mr. PERCY. I yield back the remain-
sistance (Under Secretary level), 2 Deputy countries. der of my time.
Under Secretaries, 11 Assistant Secretaries. As some of us. know who have had the Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, on behalf
Secretaries, 1 (9 Deputy U Under Secretary, Secretary, 5 As- Under opportunity to travel abroad and meet of the Senator from Arkansas, as a mem-
sistant Secretaries. With officials of other nations, they put ber of the committee, I yield back the
Defense (10 positions) : Secretary, Deputy great stock, in many European countries, remainder of his time.
Secretary, 8 Assistant Secretaries. in a man's title and the position that he Mr. PERCY. I ask unanimous con-
Justice (12 positions) : Attorney General, holds in his government. There is a very sent that the order for the yeas and
Deputy Attorney General, Solicitor General, clearly defined pecking order, and we nays be rescinded.
9 Assistant Attorneys General. must have a person of substantial rank
Secretary, Deputy Under The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
Interior positions): y Uder er Secretary, , 6 6 Secretary., Assist- Under representing the United States when he objection to the request of the Senator ant secretaries. meets with European officials and offi- from Illinois? Without objection, the
Agriculture (7 positions) : Secretary, Un- cfals of other nations as well, who put order for the yeas and nays is rescinded.
der Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 4 such great stock on a person's position The question is on agreeing to the
Assistant Secretaries. when there are negotiations. amendment offered by the Senator from
Commerce (8 positions) : Secretary, Under Finally, and most importantly, it will Illinois and the Senator from Californa.
Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 Assist- help insure that the Department of State The amendment was agreed to.
ant Secretaries. itself will be increasingly concerned with The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
Labor (8 positions) :Secretary, Under Sec- the economic and commercial implica- is open to further amendment.
retary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 5 Assistant Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I suggest
Secretaries. tions of foreign policies of the United
HEW (10 positions) : Secretary, Under Sec States. the absence of a quorum.
retray, Deputy Under Secretary, 7 Assistant Accordingly, Mr. President, I am The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
Secretaries. pleased to join with my colleague from will call the roll.
Housing and Urban Development (9 posi- Illinois in introducing this amendment The second assistant legislative clerk
tions) : Secretary, Under Secretary, Deputy which should be a significant contribu- proceeded to call the roll.
Under secretary, 6 Assistant Secretaries. tion to the coordination and elevation of Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
Under raps Secrecr cactieon (8 positider : Secretary, , 5 5 the economic side of our foreign policies. I ask unanimous consent that the order
y, Deputy Unnder
Assistant Secretaries. I think the Senator from Illinois is to for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFIC R. Without
be congratulated for the e extensive work k
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who he has done in this area, and for giving objection, it is so ordered.
yields time? the Senate the opportunity to vote to r
Mr.. PERCY. Mr. President,.I yield the make such a position available in the MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-
distinguished Senator from California State Department. I personally feel that ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED
such time as he may require. this amendment should be adopted. It
Mr. TUNNEY. I thank the distinguish- would be most beneficial to the United A message from the House of Repre-
ed Senator from Illinois, and compliment States at this time when we are having sentatives, by Mr. Berry, one of its read-
him on his leadership in bringing this great difficulties with our balance of ing clerks, announced that the Speaker
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Ile a_ j 31, 19
naa affixed his signature to the following
enrolled bills:
H.R. 1915. An act to provide for the con-
Ieyanee of certain real property of the
United States;
H.R. 5199. An act to provide for the dispo-
sition of funds appropriated to pay judg-
ments in favor of the Miami Tribe of Okla-
homa and the Miami Indians of Indiana In
Indian Claims Commission dockets num-
bered 255 and 124-C, dockets numbered 256,
124-D, E, and F, and dockets numbered 131
and 253, and of funds appropriated to pay a
Judgment in favor of the Mianii Tribe of
Oklahoma in docket numbered 251-A, and
for other purposes;
H.R. 8116. An act to consent to the Kansas-
Nebraska Big Blue River Compact; and
H.R. 13361. An act to amend section 316(c)
oi' the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938.
as amended.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore subse-
quently signed the enrolled bills.
THIRTY-MINUTE RECESS
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I move that the Senate stand in recess
for 30 minutes.
The motion was agreed to, and at
12:50 p.m. the Senate took a recess for
30 minutes.
The Senate reassembled at 1:20 p.m.,
when called to order by the Presiding
Officer (Mr. SPONG).
QUORUM CALL
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr.,President,
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER, Without
objection, it is so ordered.
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE
A message from the House of Repre-
scntatives, by Mr. Hackney, one of its
reading clerks, announced that the House
had disagreed to the amendments of the
Senate to the bill (H.R. 9580) to author-
ize the Commissioner of the District of
Columbia to enter into agreements with
the Commonwealth of Virginia and the
State of Maryland concerning the fees
for the operation of certain motor vehi-
cles; asked a conference with the Senate
oa the disagreeing votes of the two
.loilses thereon, and that Mr. MCMII.LAN,
Mr. STUCKEY, Mr. Nk;LSEN, and Mr.
RR0YHILL of Virginia were appointed
managers on the part of the house at
the conference.
The message also announced that the
House had agreed to a concurrent resolu-
tion (H. Con. Res. 625) providing for a
Joint Session of the two Houses of Con-
gress on June 1, 1972, to receive such
communication as the President of the
United States shall be pleased to make
to them, in which it requested the con-
c,ur~ ence of the Senate.
JOINT SESSION OF THE TWO
HOUSES TOMORROW
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
the Chair to lay before the Senate a
message from the House of Representa-
Lives on House Concurrent Resolution
625.
The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be-
fore the Senate House Concurrent Res-
olution 625, which was read as follows:
H. Cox. Ras. 625
Resolved by the House of Representatives
She Senate concurring), That the two
Houses of Congress assemble in the Hall of
;he House of Representatives on June 1, 1972,
c 9:30 p.m., for the purpose of receiving
such communication as the President of the
United States shall be pleased to make to
hem.
The PRESIDING OFICER. Is there
objection to the immediate considera-
tion of the concurrent resolution?
There being no objection, proceeded
'.o consider the concurrent resolution.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, what
time is the joint session to be held to-
morrow?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. 9:30 p.m.
tomorrow; June 1, 1972.
The question is on agreeing to the con-
current resolution.
The concurrent resolution (H. Con.
Res. 625) was agreed to.
QUORUM CALL
Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I suggest
(he absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
ouorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
Seoxc). Without objection, it is so or-
dered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, are
we operating on a time limitation at the
moment?
Tfie PRESIDING OFFICER. We are
not operating on a time limitation, and
the pending amendment is the amend-
ment of the Senator from Michigan (Mn
GRIFFIN), amendment No. 1200.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I be recognized
for 1 minute.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
F'IF'TY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF
BIRTH OF LATE PRESIDENT JOHN
I ITZGERALD KENNEDY
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President,
Memorial Day, May 29, marked the 55th
anniversary of the birth of this Nation's
35th President, John Fitzgerald Kennedy.
I simply wish to note the occasion in this
fashion. It is a reminder of the legacy of
this great man, cut down in his prime so
violently, so cruelly, so senselessly. It is
a legacy of ideas, designed to heal over
wounds that had been left open to fester
in this Nation after years and years of in-
attention and concern Even more, it
is a legacy of itispiration and idealism
that in my judgzent will live as a monu-
ment to a man hose achievements un-
fortunately cannot be measured in years
of service. An as assin s bullet made that
impossible.
His achievem'nts can and will be
measured, howe4er, by the hope he en-
gendered for a better world, a world
without fear, without suffering, without
war, devastation and destruction. If
mankind does reach those goals-and I
pray that one da~ it will-it will be said
then that along the way John F. Ken-
nedy made a sig ificant contribution.
FOREIGN RE ,ATIONS AUTHOR-
IZATIO ACT OF 1972
The Senate cdntinued with the con-
sideration of the bill (S. 3526) to provide
authorizations fo
ducting the for
United States, an
Mr. GRIFFIN.
r certain agencies con-
eign relations of the
d for other purposes.
Mr. President, have the
yeas and nays be4n ordered on the pend-
ing amendment?
The PRESIDING- OFFICER. They have
not.
Mr. GRIFFIN. Is it in order for the
junior Senator from Michigan to with-
draw his amendment without unanimous
consent?
The PRESIDING- OFFICER. It is.
Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, at this
time I withdraw my amendment, and I
ask what is now l he pending question?
The PRESIDIN OFFICER. The pend-
ing question, the Senator from Michigan
having withdrawn his amendment, is the
Church-Case amendment- as amended.
The question 1 on agreeing to the
amendment, as appended.
The amendme
agreed to.
is the pending question before the-
'Seri-ate?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pend-
ing question now ecurs on the amend-
ment of the Senator from Mississippi,
amendment No. 175. The amendment
is on page 38 of t e pending legislation,
to strike out lines throuh 12. inclusive.
Mr. GRIFFIN. II thank the Chair.
Mr. MANSFIELD, Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that oii the motion to
be made by the istinguished Senator
from Mississippi t _ere be a time limita-
Lion of 10 ininutes, the time to be equally
divided between the distinguished Sen-
ator from Mississippi and the distin-
guisiled senior Serjator from Idaho (Mr
CHIIItcH) .
Tre PRESIDINd OFFICER. Is there
objection? Without objection, it is so
ordered.
Mr. CHURCH. i4r. President, if the
Senator from Mississippi will yield to me,
I need only 1 minu
Mr. STENNIS. Ir. President, I yield
the Senator from Idaho 2 minutes of his
time.
Mr. CHURCH. r. President, in view
of the action,that the Senate took by
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May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
existing Under Secretary position as one
for economic affairs, there are now two
other high-level positions in the Depart-
ment dealing with economic affairs-a
Deputy Under Secretary for Economic
Affairs, Mr. Nathaniel Samuels, and an
Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs,
Mr. Willis Armstrong. So I think the De-
partment'r capacity-personnelwise-to
look after our economic interests in for-
eign affairs is there, if the President
chooses to emphasize this facet of the
Department's work.
I wish to make one other observation.
The Department of State is probably the
most top-heavy department in the execu-
tive branch. This amendment would
make it more so. The State Department
has 17 positions at the Assistant Sec-
retary level and above. Next in rank is
the Department of Justice with 12 posi-
tions; the Department of Defense has
only 10. The principal reason the com-
mittee rejected the Department of States
plan for additional top-level positions
was because what the Department has
now in the way of top level positions is
so far out of line with other departments
of our Government.
I urge that the amendment be re-
jected.
I ask unanimous consent that there
be included as a part of my remarks a
list of the number of top level positions,
Assistant Secretary level and above, at
other State departments.
There being no objection, the list was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
NUMBER OF TOP-LEVEL POSITIONS BY DEPART-
MENT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY LEVEL AND
ABOVE
State (17 positions) : Secretary, Deputy
Secretary (title to be changed by this bill),
Under Secretary, Coordinator of Security As-
sistance (Under Secretary level), 2 Deputy
Under Secretaries, 11 Assistant Secretaries.
Treasury (9 positions) : Secretary, 2 Under
Secretaries, 1 Deputy Under Secretary, 5 As-
sistant Secretaries.
Defense (10 positions) : Secretary, Deputy
Secretary, 8 Assistant Secretaries.
Justice (12 positions) : Attorney General,
Deputy Attorney General, Solicitor General,
9 Assistant Attorneys General.
Interior (9 positions): Secretary, Under
Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 6 Assist-
ant Secretaries.
Agriculture (7 positions) : Secretary, Un-
der Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 4
Assistant Secretaries.
Commerce (8 positions) : Secretary, Under
Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 Assist-
ant Secretaries.
Labor (8 positions) : Secretary, Under Sec-
retary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 Assistant
Secretaries.
HEW (10 positions) : Secretary, Under Sec-
retray, Deputy Under Secretary, 7 Assistant
Secretaries.
Housing and Urban Development (9 posi-
tions) : Secretary, Under Secretary, Deputy
Under Secretary, 6 Assistant Secretaries.
Transportation (8 positions) : Secretary,
Under Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5
Assistant Secretaries.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I yield the
distinguished Senator from California
such time as he may require.
Mr. TUNNEY. I thank the distinguish-
ed Senator from Illinois, and compliment
him on his leadership in bringing this
amendment to the floor. I feel that it is a
very important amendment.
Mis. President, I am certain that we
all 41are the concern that America's
economic interests should be accorded
the s me dignity abroad as her political
inter s, The passage of the Percy-Tun-
ney stendment creating the position of
Unde Secretary of State for Economic
Affair will help insure that such impor-
tance underscored for our economic af-
fairs.
The tate Department should be given
the op rtunity to play an important
second, i surfing that those matters e
integrate .as effectively and as Smoot 'Y
as possib with other foreign affair of
the Unite States. creating the po tion
of United Secretary of State for/Eco-
nomic Affa s will help the State epart
ment to e vate that priority As well
as to integl to these matters oothly
The creatiofi of this positio will also :
First, help th department a titi capa-
ble men to fill these posit io s related to
economic affai . As the rlator from
Illinois has stz ssed, suc individuals
could not be att acted de's they were
assured of the po ition, r nk, and salary
just below that of the S cretary and the
Deputy Secretary.
Second, this posi io will help enable
the person respon i le for economic
matters to deal pe onally with other
Cabinet and subcab' t officers. He will
be assured of the p ition which will
him to make the nXess~ry personal con-
Third, the crea &on of is position will
help the representative of the Depart-
ment of State o deal *ith economic
officials of comkV.arable ral`Ak in foreign
-countries. 11 As some of is know who have had the
opportunity t1 travel abroad`, and meet
with officials ?of other nations;, they put
great stock, i many European untries,
in a man's tle and the position that he
holds in hi government. There ista very
clearly defined pecking order, and we
must hav ' a person of substantial "V represent' g the United States whe~i he
meets wi h European officials and Oi-
cials of her nations as well, who put
such gr at stock on a person's position
when t ere are negotiations.
Fin y, and most importantly, it will
help ir[sure that the Department of State
itself ill be increasingly concerned with
the conomic and commercial implica-
tio s of foreign policies of the United
Accordingly, Mr. President, I am
pleased to join with my colleague from
Illinois in introducing this amendment
which should be a significant contribu-
tion to the coordination and elevation of
the economic side of our foreign policies.
I think the Senator from Illinois is to
be congratulated for the extensive work
he has done in this area, and for giving
the Senate the opportunity to vote to
make such a position available in the
State Department. I personally feel that
this amendment should be adopted. It
would,be most beneficial to the United
States at this time when we are having
great difficulties with our balance of
S-8631
trade and great difficulties with our econ-
omy here at home, and need to promote
exports.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who
yields time?
Mr. PERCY. Mr.. President, I wish to
express my appreciation to my distin-
lenged before. We have the first trade
deficit in the United States since 1888,
and we have not had it for just one quar-
ter, we had it in the last quarter last
year and the first quarter this year. It
now looks as if the trade deficit this
year may be larger than last year, ex-
ceeding $2 billion. Therefore, the role
that the Under Secretary of State for
Economic Affairs can play in the future
is far more important than it has been
in the past, and that is not meant to
underestimate its importance in the past.
Mr. President, I suggest the absence
of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. On whose
time?
Mr. PERCY. I ask unanimous consent
that the time for the quorum call be di-
vided between the two sides.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will
call the roll.
The second assistant legislative clerk
proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I ask unan-
imous ronsent that the orter for the quo-
rum call be rescinded.`
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered. Who yields
time?
Mr. PERCY. I yield back the remain-
der of my time.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, on behalf
of the Senator from Arkansas, as a mem-
ber of the committee, I yield back the
remainder of his time.
Mr. PERCY. I ask unanimous con-
sent that the order for the yeas and
nays be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request of the Senator
from Illinois? Without objection, the
order for the yeas and nays is rescinded.
The question is on agreeing to the
amendment offered by the Senator from
Illinois and the Senator from Californa.
The amendment was agreed to.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
is Open to further amendment.
Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The second assistant legislative clerk
proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
abjection, it is so ordered.
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-
ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED
A message from the House of Repre-
sentatives, by Mr. Berry, one of its read-
ing clerks, announced that the Speaker
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S 8632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
hid affixed his signature to the following
enrolled bills:
H.R. 1915. An act to provide for the con-
veyance of certain reel property of the
1J sited States;
1i.R. 5199. An act to provide for the dispo-
sition of funds appropriated to pay judg-
ments in favor of the Miami Tribe of Okla-
homa and the Miami Indians of Indiana in
Indian Claims Commission dockets num-
bered 255 and 124-C, dockets numbered 256,
124-D, E, and F, and dockets numbered 131
and 253, and of funds appropriated to pay a
judgment in favor of the Miami Tribe of
Oklahoma In docket numbered 251-A, and
for other purposes;
H.R. 8116. An act to consent to the Kansas-
Nebraska Big Blue River Compact; and
H.R. 13361. An act to amend section 316(c)
of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938,
as amended.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore subse-
quently signed the enrolled bills.
THIRTY-MINUTE RECESS
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I move that the Senate stand in recess
for 30 minutes.
The motion was agreed to, and at
12:50 p.m. the Senate took a recess for
30 minutes.
The Senate reassembled at 1:20 p.m.,
when called to order by the Presiding
Officer (Mr. SPONC).
QUORUM CALL
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE
A message from the House of Repre-
:;eiitatives, by Mr. Hackney, one of its
reading clerks, announced that the House
had disagreed to the amendments of the
Senate to the bill (H.R. 9580) to author-
ize the Commissioner of the District of
Columbia to enter into agreements with
the Commonwealth of Virginia and the
State of Maryland concerning the fees
for the operation of certain motor vehi-
cles; asked a conference with the Senate
on the disagreeing votes of the two
Houses thereon, and that Mr. MCMILLAN,
Mr. STUCKEY. Mr. NELSEN, and Mr.
13ROYHILI. of Virginia were appointed
n onagers on the part of the House at
tht-i conference.
The message also announced that the
blouse had agreed to a concurrentTesolu-
HiOn (H. Con. Res. 625, providing for a
?oint Session of the two Houses of Con-
yress on June 1, 1972, to receive such
communication as the President of the
United States shall be pleased to make
to them, in which it requested the con-
currence of the Senate.
JOINT SESSION OF THE TWO
HOUSES TOMORROW
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
the Chair to lay before the Senate a
message from the House of Representa-
tives on House Concurrent Resolution
625.
The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be-
fore the Senate House Concurrent Res-
olution 625, which was read as follows:
H. CoN. Has. 625
Pesolved by the House of Representatie)es
(tine Senate concurring), That the two
llo?ises of Congress assemble in the Hall of
the House of Representatives on June 1, 1972,
at 9:30 p.m., for the purpose of receiving
such communication as the President of the
United States shall be pleased to make to
+hem.
The PRESIDING OFICER. Is there
objection to the immediate considera-
tion of the concurrent resolution?
There being no objection, proceeded
to consider the concurrent resolution.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, what
time is the joint session to be held to-
lnorrow?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. 9:30 p.m.
tomorrow; June 1, 1972.
The question is on agreeing to the con-
current resolution.
The concurrent resolution (H. Con.
Res. 625) was agreed to.
QUORUM CALL
Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
SPoNC). Without objection, it is so or-
dered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, are
we operating on a time limitation at the
moment?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. We are
not, operating on a time limitation, and
the pending amendment is the amend-
ment of the Senator from Michigan (Mr.
GRIFFIN), amendment No. 1200.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I be recognized
for 1 minute.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
FIFTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF
BIRTH OF LATE PRESIDENT JOHN
FITZGERALD KENNEDY
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President,
Memorial Day, May 29, marked the 55th
anniversary of the birth of this Nation's
35th President, John Fitzgerald Kennedy.
I simply wish to note the occasion in this
fashion. It is a reminder of the legacy of
this great man, cut down in his prime so
violently, so cruelly, so senselessly. It is
a legacy of ideas, designed to heal over
wounds that had been left open to fester
May 31, 1972
In this Nation after year,, and years of in-
attention and unconcern. Even more, it
is a legacy of inspiration and idealism
that in my judgment will live as a monu-
ment to a man whose achievements un-
fortunately cannot be measured in years
of service. An assassin's bullet made that
impossible.
His achievements can and will be
measured, however, by the hope he en-
gendered for a better world, a world
without fear, without suffering, without
war, devastation and destruction. If
mankind does reach these goals-and I
pray that one day it will-it will be said
then that along the way John F. Ken-
nedy made a significant contribution.
F
E OREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR-
IZATION ACT OF 1972
The Senate continued with the con-
sideration of the bill (S. 3526) to provide
authorizations for certain agencies con-
ducting the foreign relations of the
United States, and for other purposes.
Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, have the
yeas and nays been ordered on the pend-
ing amendment? i
The PRESIDING OFFICER. They have
not.
Mr. GRIFFIN. Is it in order for the
junior Senator from Michigan to with-
draw his amendment without unanimous
consent?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is.
Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, at this
time I withdraw my amendment, and I
ask what is now the pending question?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pend-
ing question, the Senator from Michigan
having withdrawn his amendment, is the
Church-Case amendment., as amended.
The question is on agreeing to the
amendment, as amended.
The amendment, as amended, was
agreed to.
Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, what now
is the pending question before the Sen-
ate?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pend-
ing question now recurs on the amend-
ment of the Senator from Mississippi,
amendment No. 1175. The amendment
is on page 38 of the pending legislation,
to strike out lines 1 through 12, inclusive.
Mr. GRIFFIN. I thank the Chair.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr; President, I ask
unanimous consent that on the motion to
be made by the distinguished Senator
from Mississippi there be a time limita-
tion of 10 minutes', the time to be equally
divided between the distinguished Sen-
ator from Mississippi and the distin-
guished senior Senator from Idaho (Mr
CHURCH).
Tre PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? Without objection, it is so
ordered.
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President. if the
Senator from Mississippi will yield to me.
I need only 1 minute.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I yield
the Senator from Idaho 7 minutes of his
time.
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, in view
of the action that the Senate took by
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a rollcall vote adding the addendum of-
fered by the distinguished Senator from
West Virginia (Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD) to
the original Church-Case amendment,
it is no longer acceptable to the sponsors,
and for that reason I will not oppose-
indeed, I intend to support-the motion
soon to be made by the Senator from
Mississippi to strike the entire provision
from the bill.
I think we will have an opportunity
later, on a different bill, to take up the
question of how the Senate should best
proceed to try to bring this endless
war in Southeast Asia to a conclusion;
I,-'- under the circumstances, now is not
The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time
on the amendment has been yielded back.
The question is on agreeing to the
amendment of the Senator from Mis-
sissippi.
The amendment was agreed to.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I move to
reconsider the vote by which the amend-
ment was agreed to.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I move to lay that motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
I wish the RECORD to show that I voted
"No" on the adoption of the amendment
the time. by Mr. STENNIS.
I simply want the RECORD to make The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill is
clear that I will not oppose the motion open to further amendment. If there be
rquestion is on
the Senator from e bill. i Mississippi the engrossment and third the
eading of the
this language from rom the blI t the
Senator for granting me this time. bill.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I yield The bill was ordered to be engrossed for
myself 3 minutes of my time. a third reading, and was read the third
sons on my part. I am opposed to the
merits of section 701, which undertakes
to cut off the funds on a date certain
with reference to military matters in
Vietnam.
Additionally, at the time it was filed,
it was just prior to to the summit con-
ference that the President was going to
have in Moscow. Preliminary prepara-
tions and bhe atmosphere of prepara-
tions in Moscow and here were consum-
ing the time, primarily of the govern-
ments, and I was determined that, so
far as I was concerned, this section not
be passed, if avoidable, during the pend-
ency of those highly important mat-
ters. Now they have already occurred.
I want to say that I was very much
impressed, as well as pleased, that the
sponsors of section 701, after it has
reached this stage, were willing to de-
feat this section. That includes the Sen-
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Foregin Relations be discharged from
further consideration of H.R. 14734, an
act to authorize appropriations for the
Department of State and the U.S. In-
formation Agency, and that the Senate
proceed to its immediate consideration.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be stated by title.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
A bill (H.R. 14734) to authorize appropria-
tions to the Department of State and the
United States Information Agency.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request of the Senator
from Arkansas that the committee be
discharged? The Chair hears none, and
it is so ordered.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the present consideration
of the House bill?
There being no objection, the Senate
ator from Arkansas had some sentiments proceeded to consider the bill.
to that effect. I commend them and Mr. FULBRIGHT. I ask unanimous
others of the same opinion. In fact, I consent that all after the enacting
think it is the overwhelming sentiment clause of HR. 14734 be stricken, and that
of this membership not to pursue this the language of S. 3526, as amended, be
matter under the circumstances. substituted therefor.
We still have the war on our hands. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
It is a serious matter. I am as anxious objection?
as others that it be concluded. There is The Chair
merely a difference of opinion as to how ordered.
S8633
Carolina (Mr. ERVIN), the Senator from
Alaska (Mr. GRAVEL), the Senator from
Oklahoma (Mr.. HARRIS), the Senator
from Indiana (Mr. HARTKE), the Senator
from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), the
Senator from North Carolina (Mr.
JORDAN), the Senator from Arkansas (Mr.
MCCLELLAN), the Senator from South
Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), the Senator
from Montana (Mr. METCALF), and the
Senator from Maine (Mr. MusKiE), are
necessarily absent.
I further announce that, if present and
voting, the Senator from Mississippi (Mr.
EASTLAND), the Senator from North Caro-
lina (Mr. ERVIN), the Senator frorp In-
diana (Mr. HARTKE), and the Senator
from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), would
each vote "yea."
Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the
Senator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER),
the Senator from New York (Mr. BUCK-
LEY), the Senator from New Jersey (Mr.
CASE), the Senator from Hawaii (Mr.
FONG), the Senator from Wyoming (Mr.
HANSEN), the Senator from Oregon (Mr.
HATFIELD), and the Senator from Iowa
(Mr. MILLER) are necessarily absent.
The Senator from Maryland (Mr.
MATHIAS) is absent on official business.
The Senator from Arizona (Mr. GOLD-
WATER) and the Senator from South Da-
kota (Mr. MUNDT) are absent because of
illness.
The Senator from South Carolina (Mr.
THURMOND) is detained on official busi-
ness.
If present and voting, the Senator from
New York (Mr. BUCKLEY), the Senator
from Hawaii (Mr. FONG), and the Sen-
ator from South Carolina (Mr. THUR-
MOND) would each vote "yea."
The result was announced-yeas 76,
nays 1, as follows:
[No. 194 Leg.]
YEAS-76
Aiken
Eagleton
Pearson
Allen
Ellender
Pell
Allott
Fannin
Percy
Bayh
Fulbright
Proxmire
Beall
Gambrell
Randolph
Bellmon
Griffin
Ribicoff
Bennett
Gurney
Roth
Bentsen
Hart
Saxbe
Bible
Hollings
Schweiker
Boggs
Hruska
Scott
Brock
Hughes
Smith
Brooke
Inouye
Sparkman
Burdick
Jackson
Spong
Byrd,
Javits
Stafford
Harry F., Jr.
Jordan, Idaho
Stennis
Byrd, Robert C. Kennedy
Stevens
Cannon
Long
Stevenson
Chiles
Magnuson
Symington
Church
McGee
Taft
Cook
McIntyre
Talmadge
Cooper
Mondale
Tower
Cotton
Montoya
Tunney
Cranston
Moss
Weicker
Curtis
Nelson
Williams
Dole
Packwood
Young
Dominick
Pastore
it should be done. Section 701 has taken The question is on the engrossment of
its final form. the amendment and the third reading of
A parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Presi- the bill.
dent. Amendment No. 1175 is now the The amendment was ordered to be en-
pCnding order of business. Is it not? grossed and the bill to be read a third
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- time.
ator from Mississippi is correct. The bill was (read the third time.
Mr. STENNIS. If that amendment is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
adopted now, it will strike out the entire having been read the third time, the
section, including the parts that have question is, Shall . it pass?
been amended. Is that correct? Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- for the yeas and nays.
ator from Mississippi is correct. The yeas and nays were ordered.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I am glad The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
to yield back the remainder of niy tin-4e, having been read the third time, the
unless some other Senator wants to use question is, Shall it pass? On this ques-
some of it, and we can have the vote now. tion, the yeas and nays have been or-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time dered, and the clerk will call the roll.
of the Senator from Mississippi is yielded Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce
back. that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr.
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I yield ANDERSON), the Senator from Mississippi
back the remainder of my time. (Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from North
NAYS-1
Mansfield
NOT VOTING-23
Anderson
Gravel
McClellan
Baker
Hansen
McGovern
Buckley
Harris
Metcalf
Case
Hartke
Miller
Eastland
Hatfield
Mundt
Ervin
Humphrey
Muskie
Fong
Jordan, N.C.
Thurmond
Goldwater
Mathias
So the bill (H.R. 14734) was passed.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
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move to reconsider the vote by which the TRIBUTE TO SENATOR FULBRIGHT,
bill was passed. SENATOR AIKEN, AND OTHER
Mr. MANSFIELD. I move to lay that SENATORS
motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I wish
agreed to. to commend the able and distinguished
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask Senator from Arkansas (Mr. FULBRIGHT)
unanimous consent that the title of H.R. for his handling of the State Depart-
14734 be amended so as to read "An act ment-USIA authorization proposal. As
to Provide authorization for certain always, his advocacy and great skill con-
agencies conducting the foreign relations tributed to the overall success of the
of the United States, and for other pur-
poses."
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? The Chair hears none, and it
is so ordered.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Secretary
of the Senate be authorized to make ap-
propriate technical corrections in H.R.
14734.
The PRESIDING OFFICER, Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
move that the Senate insist upon its
amendments to H.R. 14734 and request
a conference with the House, and that the
Chair be authorized to appoint the con-
ferees on the part of the Senate.
The motion was agreed to; and the
Presiding Officer appointed Mr. FuL-
BRIGHT, Mr. SPARKMAN, Mr. MANSFIELD,
Mr. CHURCH, Mr. AIKEN, Mr. CASE, and
Mr. COOPER conferees on the part of the
Senate.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Will the Senator
name a junior Democrat to serve in my
place?
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Senator from
Virginia (Mr. SPONG) be substituted for
the Senator from Montana (Mr. MANS-
FIELD).
The PRESIDING OFFICER, Is there
objection?, The Chair hears none, and it
is so ordered.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that S. 3526 be in-
definitely postponed.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered. [
ORDER FOR PRINTING OF H.R. 14734
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD subsequently
said: Mr. President, I ask unanimous
consent that the text of H.R. 14734 which
passed the Senate earlier today be
printed as it passed the Senate.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
ANNOUNCEMENT OF POSITION ON
VOTE
Mr. MILLER subsequently said: Mr.
President, earlier today, I was absent for
the votes on the Byrd Amendment No.
1196 to S. 3526 and final passage of H.R.
14734.
I wish to be positioned "aye" on both
votes.
measure. In the end, this measure did
not serve as a vehicle for congressional
efforts concerning the war in Southeast
Asia, but in no way, may I say, have those
efforts been diminished-not as far as
the Senator from Montana is concerned,
not as far as the Senate is concerned.
There were many other issues involved
in this proposal and it is well, indeed,
that they were finally resolved. It was
due in large measure to Senator FuL-
BRIGHT'S leadership that, at long last, the
Congress retains the capacity to review
the State Department and its many pro-
grams and policies from an authorizing
standpoint. The Senate is deeply grate-
ful.
The Senate is grateful as well to the
distinguished senior Senator from Ver-
mont (Mr. AIKEN) whose splendid co-
operation and assistance was vital to the
disposition of this proposal. As the
ranking minority member he has joined
consistently to aid the efficient handling
of all such legislation.
It should be noted that many Senators
contributed to the discussion on this
measure over a long period. The distin-
guished Senator from Kentucky (Mr.
COOPER) and the distinguished Senator
from Indiana (Mr. BAYH) deserve com-
mendation for their efforts. The distin-
guished Senator from New Jersey (Mr.
CASE) and the distinguished Senator
from Idaho (Mr. CHURCH) deserve equal
praise. Their interest and concern about
the tragedy in Vietnam is unsurpassed
in this body.
Many other Senators should be sin-
gled out for their contributions and co-
operation. The Senators from Wyoming
Mr. MCGEE), from Illinois (Mr. PERCY).
and Massachusetts (Mr BRO ) h ld
ox
EXECUTIVE SESSION
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move that the Senate go into executive
session to consider the nomination of
Richard G. Kleintlienst, of Arizona, to be
Attorney General, and other nomina-
tions.
The motion was agreed to, and the
Senate proceeded' to the consideration of
executive business.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
The assistant legislative clerk read the
nomination of Richard G. Kleindienst, of
Arizona, to be Attorney General.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, this
debate will take some time.
Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President,
the Senate is not in order.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
SPONG). The Senator will suspend. The
Senate will please be in order. The Senate
will suspend until all Senators take their
seats.
The Senator from Montana may prb-
ceed.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the pending
nomination be temporarily laid aside and
that the Senate proceed to the considera-
tion of nominations beginning with New
Reports, on page 2.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, the pending nomination will
be temporarily laid aside and the Senate
will proceed to the consideration of nom-
inations, beginning with New Reports,
on page 2 of the Executive Calendar.
U.S. DISTRICT COURTS
The assistant legislative clerk read the
nomination of Norman C. Roettger, Jr.,
of Florida, to be U.S. district judge for
the southern district of Florida.
The PRESIDING OFICER. Without
objection, the nomination is considered
and conrfimed.
E sou The assistant legislative clerk pro-
be included, together with many other ceeded to read sundry nominations in
Senators, the U.S. Army.
To the Senate as a whole I wish to ex- Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President. I ask
tend the thanks of the leadership for its unanimous consent that these nomina-
action today achieved through the joint
bons be considered en bloc, except the
efforts of every Member of this body. last one, on page 6 of the Executive
Calendar, Lt. Gen. Geo .e Irvin For-
)`UTHORIZATION FOR THE COMMIT- svthe.
TEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS TO The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
HAVE UNTIL MIDNIGHT TONIGHT objection, it is so ordered, and the Ervin
cnrd
TO FILE ITS REPORT ON S. 3390 inations, are except considered forLt. . Gen sa.nd d confirmed
aMr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask en bloc.
unanimous consent that the Committee Mr, MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
on Foreign Relations have until midnight the Chair now call up the nomination
tonight to file a report on S. 3390, a bill of Lieutenant General Forsythe?
to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
1961, and for other purposes. clerk will report the nomination.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The assistant legislative clerk read
objection, it is so ordered. the nomination of Lt. Gen. George Irvin
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June 15 , 1972 CONUON~81-
The question was taken; and there
were-yeas 277, nays 60, not voting 95,
as follows:
[Roll No. 2081
Adams
Addabbo
Alexander
Anderson,
YEAS-277
Gaydos Nedzi
Gettys Nelsen
Giaimo Obey
O'Konski
O'Neill
Passman
Patten
Pepper.
Pettis
Peyser
kl
Abbitt
Archer
Arends
Ashbrook
Baker
Bennett
Daniel, Va. Mathis, Ga.
Davis, Wis. ' Michel
Dennis
Derwinski
Devine
Dickinson
Mizell
Pelly
Rhodes
Robinson, Va.
Betts Findley Ruth
Blackburn Flynt Sandman
Bow Ford. Gerald R. Satterfield
Broyhill, N.C. Goodling Saylor
Camp Griffin Scherle
Carlson Gross Schmitz
Chappell Haley Schneebell
Clawson, Del Hutchinson Scott
Collier Jonas Smith, N.Y.
Collins, Tex. Kuykendall Steiger, Ariz.
Anderson, Ill. Gonzalez
Andrews, Ala. Grasso
Andrews, Gray
N. Dak. Green, Oreg.
Annunzio Green, Pa.
Ashley Gubser?
Aspin Gude
Aspinall ' Hamilton
Badillo Hammer-
Baring schmidt
Barrett
Begich
Belcher
Bergland
Bevill
Biaggi
Biester
Boggs
Boland
Brademas Heckler. Mass. Riegle
Brasco Heinz Roberts
Brinkley Helstoski Robison, N.Y.
Brooks Henderson Rodino
Brotzman Hicks, Mass. Roe
Brown, Mich. Hicks, Wash. Rogers
Brown, Ohio Hogan Roncalio
Broyhill, Va. Holifleld Rostenkowski
Burke, Fla. Howard
Burke, Mass. Hull
Burleson, Tex. Hungate
Roush
Roy
Roybal
Runnels
Ruppe
Byron
Cabell
Caffery
Carey, N.Y.
Carney
Carter
Casey, Tex.
Cederberg
Chisholm
Clark
Clausen,
Don H.
Clay
Cleveland
Conte
Conyers
Corman
Cotter
-Coughlin
Teague, Tex.
Thompson, Ga.
Ware
Whalley
Pic
e Coimer Kyl
Pike Conable Landgrebe
Powell Conover Mallary
Preyer, N.C. Crane Martin
Hanley Price, Tex.
Hanna Pucinski Abernethy
Hansen, Idaho Purcell berneth u
Hansen, Wash. Quie zug
Harrington Quillen A erson,
U..+4- Rallsback
Jarman St Germain
Johnson, Calif. Sarbanes
Johnson, Pa. Schwengel
Jones, Ala. Sebelius
Jones, N.C. Seiberling
Jones, Tenn. Shipley
Karth Shoup
Kastenmeler Shriver
Kazen Sikes
Keating Sisk
Kee Skubitz
Keith Slack
Kemp Smith, Iowa
Koch ' Spence
Latta Stanton,
Leggett J. William
Lent Stanton,
Lloyd James V.
Long, Md. Steed
Culver Lujan
Daniels, N.J. McClory
Danielson McCollister
Davis,. Ga. McCormack
de la Garza McCulloch
Dellenback McDade
Dellums McFall
Denholm McKevitt
Dent McKinney
Diggs Macdonald,
Donohue ? Mass.
Dorn Madden
Dow Mahon
Steele
Stokes
Stratton
Stubblefield
Stuckey
Symington
Taylor
Teague, Calif.
Thomson, Wis.
Thone
Tiernan
Udall
Ullman
Downing Mann Van Deerlin
Drinan Mathias, Calif, Vander Jagt
Dulski Matsunaga Vanik
Duncan Mayne Veysey
du Pont Meeds Vigorito
Eckhardt Melcher Waggonner
Edwards, Calif. Mikva Waldie
Eilberg Miller, Calif. Wampler
Esch Miller, Ohio Whalen
Evans, Colo. Mills, Ark. White
Evins,'Tenn. Mills, Md. Whitten
Fascell Minish Widnall
Fish Mink Winn
Fisher Minshall Wolff
Flood ' Mitchell Wyatt
Flowers Mollohan Wydler
Foley Monagan Wylie
Ford, Moorhead Wyman
William D. Morgan Yates
Forsythe Moss Young, Fla.
Fountain Murphy, ill. Young, Tex.
Frelinghuysen Murphy, N.Y. Zablocki
Frey Myers Zion
Galiflanakis Natcher Zwach
NOT VOTING-95
Griffiths Patman
Grover Perkins
Hagan
Hall
Halpern
Harsha
Harvey
Hebert
Hillis
Hosmer
Ichord
King
Kluczynski
Kyros
Landrum
Pirnie
Poage
Podell
Poff
Pryor, Ark.
Randall
Rarick
Rooney,N.Y.
Rooney, Pa.
Rosenthal
Rousselot
Scheuer
Smith, Calif.
Blatnik\
Bray \
Broomfield
Byrne, Pa.
Byrnes, Wis.\
Geller 3
Chamberlain
Clancy
Collins, Ill.
Curlin
Davis, S.C.
Delaney
Dingell
Dowdy
Dwyer
Edmondson
Edwards, Ala.
Erlenborn
Eshleman
Fraser
Frenzel
Fulton
Fuqua
Gallagher
Garmatz
L g, La. Staggers
Mc loskey Steiger, Wis.
Mc ure Stephens
McD old, Sullivan
Mic Talcott
McEwe Terry
McKay Thompson, N.J.
McMillan Whitehurst
Mailliard \, Wiggins.
Mazzola \ Williams
Metcalfe x~ Wilson, Bob
Montgomery Wilson,
Mosher Charles H.
Nichols right
Nix tron
O'Hara
So the bill was passed.
The Clerk announced the f>iliowing
pairs : \.~
nn this vote:
Mr. Rooney of New York for, with Mr:\Hall
against.
Mr. Grover for, with Mr. Rousselot against.
Mr. McDonald of Michigan for., with Ni;.
Edwards of Alabama against.
Mr. Hillis for, with Mr. Terry against.
Mr. Nichols for, with Mr. Abernethy
against.
Mr. McEwen for, with Mr. Rarick against.
Mr. Frenzel for, with Mr. Smith of Cali-
fornia against.
Until further notice:
Mr. Hebert with Mr. Byrnes of Wisconsin.
Mr. Ichord with Mr. Chamberlain.
Mrs. Sullivan with Mr. tray.
Mr. Dingell with Mr. Broomfield.
Mrs. Griffiths with Mr. Harvey.
Mr. Podell with Mr. Halpern.
Mr. Mazzoli with Mr. Snyder.
Mr. Thompson of New Jersey with Mrs.
Dwyer.
Mr. Charles H. Wilson with Mr. Bob Wilson.
Mr. Byrne of Pennsylvania with Mr. Wil-
liams.
Mr. Yatron with Mr. Eshleman.
Mr. Collins of Illinois with Mrs. Abzug.
Mr. Fraser with Mr. Metcalfe.
Mr. Kluczynski with Mr. Erlenborn.
Mr. Lennon with Mr. Poff.
Mr. Link with Mr. Springer.
Mr. Blatnik with Mr. Harsha.
Mr. Edmondson with Mr. McClure.
Mr. Perkins with Mr. Bell.
Mr. Rooney of Pennsylvania with Mr. Mc-
Closkey.'
Mr. Nix with Mr. Rosenthal.
Mr. Geller with Mr. King.
Mr. Delaney with Mr. Wiggins.
Mr. Staggers with Mr. Whitehurst.
Mr. Montgomery with Mr. Clancy.
Mr. Fulton with Mr. Hosmer.
Mr. Curlin with Mr. Talcott.
Mr. Anderson of Tennessee with Mr. Mail-
hard.
Mr. Kyros with Mr. Mosher.
Mr. Bingham with Mr. Pirnie.
Mr. Abourezk with Mr. Stephens.
Mr. McMillian with Mr. Blanton.
Mr. Davis of South Carolina with Mr. Pat-
man.
Mr. O'Hara with Mr. Scheuer.
Mr. Wright with Mr. Randal.
Mr. Hagan with Mr. Fuqua.
Mr. McKay with Mr. Pryor of Arkansas.
Mr. Long of Louisiana with Mr. Garmatz.
Mr. Landrum with Mr. Gallagher.
The result of the vote was announced
as above recorded.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
GENERAL LEAVE
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent that all Members may have
5 legislative days in which to extend their
remarks on the bill (H.R. 15417), just
passed, and to include extraneous matter.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Pennsylvania?
There was no objection.
CORRECTION OF THE RECORD
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent that the bound RECORD
of June 14, 1972, be corrected as follows:
Page H5623, column 1, sixth full para-
graph, please delete "Mr. CONTE" and
substitute therefor "Mr. FLOOD."
Same page, same column, please de-
lete the 11th and 12th full paragraphs
and substitute therefor:
Mr. FLOOD. I would like to say in
addition to that, I would like to add my
words.
Because of the experience with this
"problem in recent years with reference
to lead-base poisoning, the gentleman
from New York (Mr. RYAN) brought this
up year after year especially for the last
3 gears before the committee and is
largely responsible for the making of
these, grants and the beginning of that
program.
.The SPEAKER. Is there objection
to the 'request of the gentleman from
Pennsylvania?
There was no objection.
PERMISSION FOR GENERAL DEBATE
ONLY ON JUNE 20 ON PUBLIC
WORKS, ATOMIC ENERGY, TREAS-
URY, AND POSTAL SERVICE AP-
PROPRIATIONS, 1973
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent that it may be in order in
the House on Tuesday next-clause 6 of
rule XXI to the contrary notwithstand-
ing-to have general debate only on the
bill making appropri$~tions for public
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works for water and power development,
the Atomic Energy Commission, and
certain other agencies for the fiscal year
ending June 30,1973, and to have general
debate only on the bill making appro-
priations for the Treasury Department,
the Postal Service, the Executive Office
of the President, and certain independ-
ent agencies, for the fiscal year ending
June $0, 1973.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection
to the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
There was no objection.
CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 14734,
FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORI-
ZATION ACT OF 1972
Mr. MORGAN submitted the following
conference report and statement on the
bill (H.R. 14734) to authorize appro-
priations for the Department of State
and for the U.S. Information Agency:
CONFERENCE REPORT (HOUSE KEPT.
No. 92-1145)
The committee of conference on the dis-
agreeing votes of the two Houses on the
amendments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
14734) to authorize appropriations for the
Department of State and for the United
States Information Agency, having met,
after full and free conference, have agreed
to recommend and do recommend to their
respective Houses as follows:
That the House recede from its disagree-
ment to the amendment of the Senate to
the text of the House bill and agree to the
same with an amendment as follows: In lieu
of the matter proposed to be inserted by the
Senate amendment insert the following:
That this Act may be cited as the "For-
eign Relations Authorization Act of 1972".
TITLE I-DEPARTMENT OF STATE
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
SEc. 101. (a) There are authorized to be ap-
propriated for the Department of State for
fiscal year 1973, to carry out the authorities,
functions, duties, and responsibilities in the
conduct of the foreign affairs of the United
States, and other purposes authorized by law,
the following amounts:
(1) for the "Administration of Foreign Af-
fairs", $289,453,000;
(2) for "International Organizations and
Conferences", $188,263,000;
(3) for "International Commissions", $18,-
226.000;
(4) for "Educational Exchange", $59,200,-
000; and
(5) for "Migration and Refuge Assistance",
$8,212,000.
(b) The Secretary of State is authorized
to furnish, on terms and conditions he con-
siders appropriate, assistance to Israel or
another suitable country, including assist-
ance for the resettlement in Israel or such
country of Jewish or other similar refugees
from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
There are authorized to be appropriated to
the Secretary not to exceed $85,000,000 to
carry out the provisions of this subsection.
(c) Appropriations Made under subsection
(a) of this section are authorized to remain
available until expended.
LIMITATION UPON PRIOR AUTHORIZATION
REQUIREMENT
SEC. 102. Section 15(a) of the Act entitled
"An Act to provide certain basic authority
for the Department of State", approved Au-
gust 1, 1958, as amended by section 407 of the
Foreign Abelatance Act of 1971 (22 U.S.C.
2680), is amended by adding at the end there-
of the following new sentence: "The provi-
sions of this subsection shall not apply to,
or affect in any manner, permanent appropri-
ations, trust funds, and other similar ac-
counts administered by the Department as
authorized by law.".
DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE AND UNDER
SECRETARY OF STATE
SEC. 103. (a) (1) The first section of the
Act of May 26, 1949, as amended (22 U.S.C.
2652), is amended to read as follows: "That
there shall be in the Department of State,
in addit)on to the Secretary of State, a Deputy
Secretary of State, an Under Secretary of
State for Political Affairs, an Under Secretary
of State for Economic. Affairs, a Deputy Under
Secretary of State, kind eleven Assistant Sec-
retaries of State."
(2) Section 2(b) of the Act of May 26,
1949, as amended (22 U.S.C. n652), is repealed.
(b) The duties of the Under Secretary of
State are transferred to the Deputy Secretary
of State. The individual holding, on the date
of enactment of this Act, the office of the
Under Secretary of State may assume the
duties of the Deputy Secretary of State. The
individual assuming such duties Shall not
be required to be reappointed by reason of
the enactment of this section.
(c) The provisions of subsection (a) of
this section are effective July 1, 1972.
EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE PAY RATES
SEC. 104. Chapter 53 of title 5, United States
Code, is amended as follows:
(1) Section 5313(2) is amended to read as
follows:
"(2) Deputy Secretary of State."
(2) Section 5314(9) is amended by striking
out "or" before "Under Secretary of State
for Economic Affairs" and inserting in lieu
thereof "and".
(3) Section 5315 (10) is amended to read
as follows:
"(10) Deputy Under Secretary of State."
RETIREMENT ANNUITIES FOR CERTAIN ALIENS
SEC. 105. (a) Section 8331(1) of title 5,
United States Code, is amended-
(1) by striking out "and" at the end of
subparagraph (H);
(2) by adding "and" at the end of sub-
paragraph (I); and
(3) by inserting, immediately below sub-
paragraph (I), the following new subpara-
graph:
"(J) an alien (i) who was previously em-
ployed by the Government, (ii) who is em-
ployed full time by a foreign government for
the purpose of protecting or furthering the
interests of the United States during an in-
terruption of diplomatic or consular rela-
tions, and (iii) for whose services reimburse-
ment is made to the foreign government by
the United States;".
(b) Subsection (a) of this section shall
become effective on the first day of the
second month which begins after its enact-
ment.
(c) The amendments made by such sub-
section (a) shall not apply in the cases of
persons retired or otherwise separated prior
to the effective date established under sub-
section (b) of this section, and the rights of
such persons and their survivors shall con-
tinue in the same manner and to the same
extent as if such amendments had not been
enacted.
MILITARY PERSONNEL AND CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES'
CLAIMS ACT OF 1964
SEC. 106. (a) Section 3(b) (1) of the Mili-
tary Personnel and Civilian' Employees'
Claims Act of 1964, as amended (31 U.S.C.
241(b) (1) ), is amended to read as follows:
"(b) (1) Subject to any policies the Presi-
dent may prescribe to effectuate the pur-
poses of this subsection and-
"(A) under regulations the head of an
agency (other than a military department,
the Secretary of the Treasury with respect
to the Coast Guard, the Department of De-
fense, or an agency or office referred to in
subparagraph (B) of this paragraph) may
prescribe for his agency or. In the case of
15, 1972
ACTION, all of that part of ACTION other
than the office referred to in such sub-
paragraph, part thereof, he or his designee
may settle and pay a claim arising after
August 31, 1964, against the United States
for not more than. $8,500 made by a, member
of the uniformed services under the jurisdic-
tion of that ageizcy or by a civilian officer
or employee of that agency or part thereof,
for damage to, or loss, of, personal property
incident to his service; and
"(B) under regulations the Secretary of
State, the Administrator for the Agency for
International Development, the Director of
the United States Information Agency, the
Director of the United States Arms Control
and Disarmament Agency, the Director of
ACTION with respect to the office of ACTION
engaged primarily 'in carrying out the Peace
Corps Act, and the Board of Directors of
the Overseas Private Investment Corporation,
may prescribe for their agencies or, in the
case of ACTION, for such office, he or his
designee may settle and pay a claim arising
after August 31, 1964, against the United
States for not more than $10,000 made by
a civilian officer or employee of such agency
or office for damage to, or loss of personal
property incident to his service.
If the claim is substantiated and the pos-
session of that property is determined to be
reasonable, useful, or proper under the cir-
cumstances, the claim may be paid or the
property replaced in kind. This subsection
does not apply to claims settled before Au-
gust 31, 1964."
(b) Subsection (a) of this section is ef-
fective August 31, 1964. Notwithstanding sec-
tion 4 of the Military Personnel and Civilian
Employees' Claims Act of 1964, or any ether
provision of law, a claim heretofore settled
in the amount of $6,500 solely by reason of
the maximum limitation established by sec-
tion 3 (b) (1) of such Act, may, upon written
request of the claimant made within one
year from the date of enactment of this Act,
be reconsidered and settled under that sec-
tion, as amended by subsection (a) of this
section.
AMBASSADORS AND MINISTERS
SEC. 107. Section 501 of the Foreign Service
Act of 1946 (22 U SS.C. 901) is amended by
adding at the end thereof the following new
subsection :
"(c) On and after the date of enactment
of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of
1972, no person shalt be designated as ambas-
sador or minister, or be designated to serve in
any position with the title of ambassador or
minister, unless that person is appointed as
an ambassador or minister in accordance with
subsection (a) of this section or clause 3, sec-
tion 2, of article II of the Constitution, relat-
ing to recess appointments, except that the
personal rank of ambassador or minister may
be conferred by the President in connection
with special missions for the President of an
essentially limited and temporary nature of
not exceeding six months."
TITLE II--UNITED STATES INFORMATION
AGENCY
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
SEc. 201. There are authorized to be ap-
propriated for the' United States Informa-
tion Agency for fiseal year 1973, to carry out
international informational activities and
programs under the United States Informa-
tion and Educational Exchange Act of 1948,
the Mutual Educational and Cultural Ex-
change Act of 1961, and Reorganization Plan
Numbered 8 of 1953, and other purposes au-
thorized by law, the following amounts:
(1) $194,213,000 : for "Salaries and ex-
penses" and "Salaries and expenses (special
foreign currency program) ", except that so
much of such amount as may be appropri-
ated for "Salaries and expenses (special for-
eign currency program)" may be appropri-
ated without fiscal year limitation;
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June 15, 1 P7,2
Approved
F C0N ffM?MR /0J-fBD_P71495R000600110023-5 H 57,15
(2) $5,036,000 for "Special international any Government agency, to carry out the
exhibitions" and "Special international exhi- provisions of this Act, for expenses in con-
bitions (special foreign currency program) ". nection with travel of personnel outside the
which amount may be appropriated without continental United States, including travel
fiscal year limitation, and of dependents and transportation of personal
(3) $1,000,000 for "Acquisition and con- effects, household goods, or automobiles of
struction of radio facilities", which amount such personnel, shall be available for all
may be appropriated without fiscal year such expenses in connection with travel or
limitation. . transportation which begins in that fiscal
PROVIDING CERTAIN BASIC AUTHORITIES year pursuant to travel orders issued in
that year, notwithstanding the fact that
SEC. 202. Title VIII of the United States such travel or transportation may not be
Information and Educational Exchange Act completed until the following fiscal year."
of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1471) is amended by adder LIMITATION UPON PRIOR AUTHORIZATION
tional arms transfer, including potentialities
for international agreements, step-by-step
approaches on particular weapons systems,
and regional arms limitations; and
(8) recommendations for future United
States policy on conventional arms transfer.
(b) The report required by subsection (a)
shall be submitted to the Congress not later
than one year after the date of the enactment
of this Act, and an interim report shall be
submitted to the Congress not later than six
months after such date.
TITLE IV-PEACE CORPS
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
ing at the end thereof the following new REQUIREMENT SEC. 401. (a) The first phrase of section
sections: "BASIC 203. Section 701 of the United States 3(b) of the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C.
the provisions of Information and Educational Exchange Act 2502 (b) ), ending with a colon, is amended to
"SEC. 804. In carrying rying out AUTHORITY
this Act, the Secretary, or any Government of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1476) is amended by add- read as follows: "There are authorized to be
agency authorized to administer such pro- ing at the end thereof the following new appropriated to the President for the fiscal
sentence: "The provisions of this section year 1973 not to exceed $88,027,000 to carry
visions may- shall not apply to, or affect in any manner, out the purposes of this Act:". civil may-
-(l)', , andemploy,classificatio ification laws, regard to aliens the abroad d permanent appropriations, trust funds, and VOLUNTARY SERVICE PROGRAMS
service other similar accounts administered by the SEC. 402. Paragraph (2) of subsection (b)
forth e n sl the United States relating colloquial Secretary or such agency as authorized by of section 301 of the Peace Corps Act (22
speech se tran in slatti on foreign or languages s when suitable tlaw.,, U.S.C. 2501a), which relates to encourage-
qualified United States citizens are not DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION WITHIN ment of voluntary service programs, is
amended by striking out "$300,000" and in-
suhable (such aliens to accordance with pi investigated
proce- for
SEC. 204. The UNITED second STATES sentence of section serting in lieu thereof "$350,000", by striking
dures such established b b employmenty the Secretary h or such 501 of the United States Information and out "1971", and by inserting, before the word
he
agency and the Attorney General), and such Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. -fiscal" the word "any".
persons may be admitted to the United 1461) is amended to read as follows: "Any NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL
States, if otherwise qualified, as nonimmi- such information (other than "Problems SEC. 403. Section 12 of the Peace Corps Act
grants under section 101 (a) (15) of the Im- of Communism" which may continue to be U.S.C. Sect is repealed, of the Peace the s Act
migration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 sold by the Government Printing Office) shall (22 Corps National Advisory Council and thelPea e
of -
(a) (15)) for such time and under such con- not be disseminated within the United States, Corps N ninety days after the date b enaed,
ditions and procedures as may be estab- its territories, or possessions, but, on re- eveff ent of this Act.
lashed by the secretary and the Attorney quest, shall be available in the English Ian-
General; guage at the Department of State, at all rea- TITLE V-GENERAL AND MISCEL-
"(2) pay travel expenses of aliens employed sonable times following its release as in- LANEOUS PROVISIONS
abroad for service in the United States and formation abroad, for examination only by CERTAIN ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATIONS OF
their dependents to and from the United representatives of United States press as- APPROPRIATIONS
States; sociations, newspapers, magazines, radio SEC. 501. In addition to amounts author-
1(3) incur expenses for entertainment systems, and stations, and by research stu- ized by sections 101 (a) and (b) and 201 of
within the United States within such dents and scholars, and, on request, shall this Act, there are authorized to be ap-
amounts as may be provided in appropria- be made available for examination only to propriated for the Department of State and
tions Acts; Members of Congress." the United States Information Agency for
"(4) obtain insurance on official motor ve- TITLE III-UNITED STATES ARMS CON- fiscal year 1973 such additional or supple-
hicles operated by the Secretary or such TROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY mental amounts as may be necessary for
agency- in foreign countries, and pay the
expenses incident thereto; AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS increases in salary, pay, retirement, or other
"(5) notwithstanding the provisions of SEC. 301. The second sentence of section employee benefits authorized by law, or
other nondiscretlonary costs.
section 2680(k) of title 28, United States 49(a) of the Arms Control and Disarmament
CONGRESS VIEWS To
Code, pay tort claims in the manner author- Act (22 U.S.C. 2589 (a)) is amended by insert- EXPRESSION OF
ized in the first paragraph of section 2672 ing immediately after "$17,500,000,", the fol- SEC. 502, Upon the request of a committee
o of the request
of such title, when such claims arise in for- lowing: ", and for the two fiscal years 1973 S
s, a joint a commit-
tions eign countries in connection with opera- and 1974, the sum of $22,000,000". of EC. 5 , of a mess, a of such mit-
CongSecs
tions conducted abroad under this Act; REPORT TO CONGRESS tee either
"(6) employ aliens by contract for services SEC. 302. (a) The United States Arms Con- mittee, any officer appointed by the Presi-
abroad; trod and Disarmament Agency, with the co- dent, by and with the advice and consent of
"(7) provide ice and drinking water operation and assistance of other relevant the Senate, to a position in the Department
abroad; Government agencies including the Depart- of State, the United States Information
"(8) pay excise taxes on negotiable in- ment of State and the Department of De- Agency, the Agency for International Devel-
struments abroad; fence, shall prepare and submit to the Con- opment, the United States Arms Control and
a the actual expenses of prepar- Disarmament Agency, or any other depart-
ing a p y tress a comprehensive report on the intern- ment, agency, or independent establishment
ing and transporting nstheir former homes
States es tional transfer of conventional arms based of the United States Government primarily
the remains ns o of persons, erson, not United upon existing and new work in this area. The concerned with matters relating to foreign
Government employees, who may die away report shall include (but not be limited to)
countries or multilateral organizations, may
from their homes while participating in ac- the following subjects:
tivities conducted under this Act; (1) the quantity and nature of the inter- express his views and opinions, and make
(10
"(10) rent or lease, for periods not ex- national transfer of conventional arms, In- recommendations he considers appropriate, if
ceedin five ears, offices, buildings, grounds, the request of the, committee or member of
g y eluding the identification of the major sup- the committee relates to a subject which is
and living quarters abroad for employees
recipient the major exporters of within the jurisdiction of that committee.
carrying out this Act, and make payments plying (2) the and policies recipient countries;
therefor in advance; conventional arms toward transfer, including INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL
"(11) maintain, improve, and repair prop- the terms on which conventional arms are SEC. 503. Chapter 8 of part I of the For-
erties used for information activities in for- made available for transfer, whether by eign Assistance Act of 1961, relating to inter-
eign countries; credit, grant, or cash-and-carry basis; national narcotics control, is amended by
"(12) furnish fuel and utilities for Gov- (3) the effects of conventional arms trans- striking out section 481 and inserting in lieu
ernment-owned or leased property abroad; fer on international stability and regional thereof the following new sections:
and balances of power; "SEC. 481. INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CON-
"(13) pay travel expenses of employees at- (4) the impact of conventional arms TROL.-It is the sense of the Congress that
tending official international conferences, transfer on the economies of supplying and effective international cooperation is neces-
without regard to sections 5701-5708 of title recipient countries; sary to put an end to the illicit production,
5, United States Code, and regulations is- (5) the history of any negotiations on con- smuggling, trafficking in, and abuse of dan-
sued thereunder, but at rates not in excess ventional arms transfer, including past poli- gerous drugs. in order to promote such co-
of comparable allowances approved for such cies adopted by the United States and other operation, the President is authorized to Con-
conferences by the Secretary. suppliers of conventional arms; elude agreements with other countries to
"TRAVEL EXPENSES (6) the major obstacles to negotiations on facilitate control of the productbotu, proc-
conventional arms transfer; essing, transportation, and distribution of
"SEC. 8a5. fiscal Appropriated funds made avail-
able for any fiscal year r to the Secretary or (7) the possibilities for limiting conven- narcotic analgesics, including opium and its
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 tropics, and other controlled Vsubstances as
defined in the Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and Control Act of 1970. Not-
withstanding any other provision of law, the
President is authorized to furnish assistance
to any country or International organization,
on such terms and conditions as he may de-
termine, for the control of the production
of, processing of, smuggling of, and traffic in,
narcotic and psychotropic drugs. The Presi-
dent shall suspend economic and military
assistance furnished under this or any other
Act; and shall suspend sales under the For-
eign Military Sales Act and under title I of
the Agricultural Trade Development and As-
sistance Act of 1954, with respect to any
country when the President determines that
the government of such country has failed
to take adequate steps to prevent narcotic
drugs and other controlled substances (as
defined by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and Control Act of 1970) pro-
duced or processed, in whole or in part, in
such country, or transported through such
country, from being sold illegally within
the jurisdiction of such country to United
States Government personnel or their de-
pendents, or from entering the United States
unlawfully. Such suspension shall continue
until the President determines that the gov-
ernment of such country has taken adequate
steps to carry out the purposes of this
chapter,
"SEC. 482. AUTHORIZATION,_.--TO carry out
the purposes of section 481, there are au-
thorized to be appropriated to the President
$42,500,000 for the fiscal year 1973, which
amount is authorized to remain available
until expended."
TITLE VI-STUDY COMMISSION RELAT-
ING TO FOREIGN POLICY
FINDINGS AND PURPOSL=
SEc. 601. It is the purpose of this title
to establish a study commission which will
submit findings and rccommendatio is to pro-
vide a more effective system for the formula-
tion and implementation of the Nation's for-
eign policy.
COMMISSION ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE
GOVERNMENT FOR THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN
POLICY
burled for travel, subsistence, and other
necessary expenses incurred by them in the
performance of their duties.
DUTIES OF TTIE COMMISSION
SEC. 603. (a) The Commission shall study
and investigate the organization, methods of
operation, and powers of all departments,
agencies, independent establishments, and
instrumentalities of the United States Gov-
ernment participating in the formulation and
implementation of United States foreign
policy and shall make recommendations
which the Commission considers appropriate
to provide improved governmental processes
and programs in the formulation and im-
plementation of such policy, including, but
not limited to, recommendations with re-
spect to-
(1) the reorganization of the departments,
agencies, independent establishments, and
instrumentalities of the executive branch
participating in foreign policy matters
(2) more effective arrangements between
the executive branch and Congress, which
will better enable each to carry out its con-
stitutional responsibilities;
(3) improved procedures among depart-
ments, agencies, independen establishments.
and Instrumentalities of the United States
Government to provide Improved coordina-
tion and control with respect to the conduct
of foreign policy;
(4) the abolition of services, activities,
and functions not necessary to the efficient
conduct of foreign policy; and
(5) other measures to promote peace, econ-
omy, efficiency, and improved administra-
tion of foreign policy.
(b) The Commission shall submit a com-
prehensive report to the President and Con-
gress, not later than June 30, 1974, contain-
ing the findings and recommendations of the
Commission with respect to its study and in-
vestigation. Such recommendations may in-
clude proposed constitutional amendments,
legislation, and administrative actions the
Commission considers appropriate in carry-
ing out its duties. The Commission shall
cease to exist on the thirtieth day after the
date on which it files the comprehensive re-
port under this subsection.
SEC. 602. (a) To carry Out the purpose of - 'WERE OF THE COMMISSION
section 601 of this Act, there Is established a t SEC. 604. (a) The Commission or, on the
commission on the organization of the Gov- authorization of the Commission, any sub-
ernment for the Conduct of Foreign Policy committee or member thereof, may, for the
(hereafter referred to in this title as the purpose of carrying out the provisions of
"Commission") . this title, hold such hearings and sit and act
(b) The Commission shall be composed of at such times and places, administer such
the following twelve members: oaths, and require, by subpena or other-
(1) four members appointed by the Presi- wise, the attendance and testimony of such`
dent, two from the executive branch of the witnesses and the production of such books,
Government and two from private life; records, correspondence, memorandums, pa-
(2) four members appointed by the Presi- pers, and documents as the Commission or
dent of the Senate, two from the Senate (one such subcommittee or member may deem
from each of the two major political parties) advisable. Subpenas may be issued under
and two from private life; and the signature of the Chairman of the Com-
deli na
of (the oHousenofe Reprontatives, two p from designated of
many ember,hand bcommie, or may be served aby
the House of Representatives (one from each any person designated by such Chairman or
of the two major political parties) and two member. The provisions of sections 102
from private life. ` through 104 of th R
i
ev
sed Statutes of the (c) The Commission shall elect a Chairman United States (2 U. The differences between the text of the
S.C. 192-194) shall apply House bill, the Senate amendment, thereto,
and a Vice Chairman from among its mem- in the case of any failure of any witness to and the substitute agreed to in conference
bers. comply with any subpena or to testify when
(d) Seven members of the Commission summoned under authority of this section, e
arc noted brmin except for cl made n cesrary
shall constitute a quorum. Any vacancy in (b) The Commission is authorized to se- by r,eason conof agree ents e made necessary
the Commission shall not affect its powers, cure directly from any executive department,, ferees, reason minor drafting reached by the yin-
con-
but `shall be filled in the same manner in bureau, agency, board, commission, office, in- changesand minor draand clarifying
which the original appointment was made. dependent establishment, or instrumentality
(e) Each member of the Commission who information, suggestions, estimates, and sta- AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEL?'S
is not otherwise employed by the United tistics for the purposes of this title. Each FROM THx: SOVIET UNION
States Government shall receive $145 a day such department, bureau, agency, board, The Senate amendment authorized the ap-
(including traveltime) during which he is commission, office, establishment, or Instru- propriatio;z of $8,212,000 fdr migration and
engaged in the actual performance of his mentality is authorized and -4ireeted to the refugee assistance and the appropriation of
duties as a member of the Commission. A extent authorized b law, to furnish such $85.000,000 for assistance to Israel and other
member of the Commission who is an officer in. III Eff ons. estimates, and sta- suitable countries Ifor the resettlement of
or employee of the United States Government tistics directly to the Commission, upon re- Jewish or other similar refugees from the
shall serve without additional compensation. quest made by the Chairman or Vice Chair- Soviet Union.
All members of the Commission shall be ream- man
The House bill authorized $93,212,000 for
STAFF OF THE COMMISSION
SEC. 605. ta)' The Commission shall have
power to appoint and fix the compensatiop
of such personnel as it deems advisable, with-
out regard to the provisions of title 5, United
States Code, governing appointments in the
competitive service, and without regard to
the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter
III of chapter 53 of such title relenting to
classification and General Schedule pay rates.
(b) The Commission is a.nthorized to pro-
cure the service?; of experts and consultants
in accordance with section 3109 of title 5,
United States Cgde, but at rates not to exceed
the daily rate !paid it person occupying a
position at, GS-l)3.
P,XPE "ISE'; OF THE COMMISSION
SEC. 606. There are authorized to be appro-
priated such sums as may be necessary to
carry out: the provisions of this title.
And the Senate agree to the same.
That the House recede from its dis-
agreement to the amendment of the Sen-
ate to the title of the House bill and
agree to the same.
THOMAS E. MORGAN,
CLEMEr!IT J. ZABLOCKI,
WAYNE' L. HAYS,
L. H. FOUNTAIN,
DANTE iB. FASCELL,
WILLIAM S. MAII.LIARD,
PETER 9. B. FRELINGHITYSEN,
WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD,
lfanagerS on the Part of the House.
J. W. FIILBRIGHT,
JOHN SPARKMAN,
WILLIAI1I B. SPONG, Jr.,
FRANK CHURCH,
GEORGE D. AIK EN,
Jlanagers.on the Part of the Senate.
JOINT EXPLANATORY SCATFMENT OF THE
COMMIIrTiiE OF CONFERENCE
The managers on the part of the House and
the Senate at the conference on the disagree-
ing votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 14734)
to authorize appropriations for the Depart-
ment of State and for the United States In-
formation Agency, submit the following joint
statement to the, House and the Senate in
explanation of the effect of the action agreed
upon by the managers and recommended in
the accompanying, conference report:
The Senate amendments struck out all of
the House bill after the enacting clause and
inserted a substitute text and provided a new
title for the House bill. and the House dis-
agreed to the Senate amendments.
The committee of conference recommends
that the House recede from its disagreement
to the amendment of the Senate to the text
of the House bill, with an amendment which
is a substitute for both the text of the House
bill and the Senate amendment to the text.
of the House bill. -The committee of confer-
ence also recommends that the House recede
from its disagreement to the amendment or
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 June 15, 197 pproved For CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 74 HOUSE 000600110023-5
migration and refugee assistance, of which tary of State, and Under Secretary for Eco-
185,000,000 was intended for Israel. nomic Affairs for the Deputy Under Secre-
The House receded. tary and to add a twelfth Assistant Secretary
AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS of State.
The Senate amendment contained separate The House bill contained no comparable
provisions authorizing the appropriations g ppropriations The House receded with an amendment
for the Department of State to remain avail- eliminating the twelfth Assistant Secretary
able until expended, and for the United S
tate
year limitation, with the exception of the RETIREMENT ANNUITIES FOR CERTAIN ALIENS-- The House receded.
amounts appropriated for USIA salaries and a en -RTneiId-ed- Title-T, DOMESTIC DISSEMINATION
expenses. United States Code, to authorize civil service USIA
visions in a single section.
The House receded.
LIMITATION UPON PRIOR AUTHORIZATION
REQUIREMENT
The Senate amendment contained two
separate sections, applying to the Depart-
ment of State and the United States In-
formation Agency respectively, to assure that
permanent appropriations under which pay-
ments are made directly from trust funds
and other similar accounts in accordance
with existing statutory authority are ex-
cluded from the application of section 407
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1971.
The House bill contained one section
applying to both agencies.
The House receded.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION FOR
GRIEVANCE BOARD
The Senate amendment contained an
open-ended authorization for appropriations
for salaries and expenses of a grievance board
as envisioned in the section of the Senate
amendment dealing with Foreign Service
grievances.
The House bill did not contain a compara-
ble provision.
The Senate receded.
DEPUTY SECRETARY, UNDER SECRETARY FOR
ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
The Senate amendment established the
positions of Deputy Secretary of State and
Under Secretary of State for Economic Af-
fairs, abolished one position of Deputy Un-
der Secretary of State, and raised the num-
ber of Assistant Secretaries of State from
11 to 12.
The House bill contained no comparable
provision.
The House receded with an amendment
eliminating the increase in the numbers of
Assistant Secretaries of State.
BUREAU OF NORTH AMERICAN AFFAIRS AND BUR-
EAU OF SOUTH AMERICAN AFFAIRS
The Senate amendment established a
Bureau of North American Affairs and a
Bureau of South American Affairs, each to
be headed by an Assistant Secretary of State.
The House bill contained no,.,comparable
provision.
The Senate receded.
TRANSFER OF DUTIES OF THE UNDER SECRETARY
OF STATE TQ THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE
The Senate. amendment transferred the
duties of the Under Secretary. of State to
the Deputy Secretary of State. ,
The House bill contained no comparable
provision.
The House receded.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION,
JULY 1, 1972
The Senate amendment set July 1, 1972 as
the effective date of the provision establish-
ing the positions of Deputy Secretary of State
and Under Secretary of State for Economic
Affairs.
The. House bill contained no comparable
provision.
The House receded.
EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE PAY RATES
The Senate amendment amended the Ex-
ecutive Schedule pay rates to substitute
Deputy Secretary of State for Under Secre-
OF INFORMATION BY /'
retirement credit for certain alien employees The Senate amendment amended section
of the United States abroad who work for 501 of the United States Information and
a protecting power (foreign government) on Educational Exchange Act of 1948, to prohib-
United, States interests during an interrup- it dissemination domestically of any infor-
tion of diplomatic or consular relations. mation product of the U.S. Information
The House bill did not contain a com- Agency other than the publication, "Problems
parable provision. of Communism."
The House receded. The House bill did not contain a conipa-
CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES' CLAIMS rable provision.
.The Senate amendment amended the Mili- The House receded after the Senate pro-
tary Personnel and Civilian Employees' vision was amended in two instances: first,
Claims Act of 1964 to (1) increase authority to permit research students and scholars to
for settlement of claims from $6,500 to $10,000 examine USIA Information products in
for personnel of designated foreign affairs Washington; and, second, to clarify further
agencies other than the Department , of De- that USIA materials are to be made avail-
fense, the military departments and Coast able to Members of Cpi Tess for exaln_inetion
Guard, for personal property losses incident only and not for dissemination.
to service, and (2) permit reconsideration, ACDA REPORT TO CONGRESS
heretofore settled and paid in the amount of
$6,500 solely because that was the maximum
amount authorized under existing law.
The House bill did not contain a com-
parable provision.
The_Iouse receded.
RETIREMENT OF CAREER MINISTERS
The Senate amendment amended the Por-
ing Service Act of 1946, as amended, to lower
the mandatory retirement age for career min-
isters from age 65 to age 60.
The House bill did not contain a com-
parable provision.
The Senate receded.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROMOTIONS
The Senate amendment amended the For-
eign Service Act of 1946, as amended, to (1)
require promotion of Foreign Service officers
by rank order within class or rank order by
specialty within class and (2) authorize the
Secretary of State to recommend promotion
as a remedy for grievances. -
The House bill did not contain a com-
parable provision.
They Senate receded.
4_-FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCES
The Senate amendment contained an
amendment to the Foreign Service Act of
1946, as amended, that included detailed
provisions relating to the handling of griev-
ances by Foreign Service personnel.
The House bill did not contain a compara-
ble provision.
The Senate recded.
H 5717
provided basic authority for USIA to support
items traditionally included in annual
Agency appropriation acts. The language in
the Senate version was identical with the
language regularly included in such appro-
priations acts and does not constitute any
new authority. -
The Senate amendment contained a re-
quirement that the Arms Control and Dis-
armament Agency with the assistance of
other relevant Government agencies shall
prepare and submit to Congress a compre-
hensive report on the international transfer
of conventional arms based upon existing
and new work in this area. It specified some
of the items that should be included in the
report.
The House bill did not contain a compa-
rable provision.
The House receded.
PEACE CORPS NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL
The House bill contained an amendment
that abolished the Peace Corps National Ad.
visory Council subject to the creation of a
National Advisory Council for ACTION of
which the Peace Corps is now a part.
The Senate amendment provided for the
abolition of the Peace Corps National Ad-
visory Council ninety days after the date of
enactment of this legislation.
The House receded.
CERTAIN ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATIONS OF
APPROPRIATIONS
The Senate amendment included author-
izations of appropriations for the Department
of State and USIA for fiscal year 1973 for pro-
grams or activities authorized by law sub-
sequent to the date of enactment of the au-
thorization act for these two agencies.
The House bill did not contain a compa-
rable provision.
The Senate receded.
:. &MBASSADORS AND MINISTERS ??"`?"^""" "? ??"'~w sauna, V .Wb TO CONGRESS
The Senate amendment contained a pro- The Senate amendment included language
vision that no person shall be designated as to permit a presidential appointee in any of
ambassador or minister or designated to serve vies and d opinions, foreign affairspinions, and agencies make to express a-
in t
in any position or use any title which in- Lions considers r recommenda-
eludes either of those words unless he is ap- a committee e of either her House, bon appropriate, upon request
as an ambassador or minister with mittee, of a joint com-
pointed Senate confirmation or in accordance with or any member of such committee if
if
the constitutional provisions relating to re- the request of the committee
or mambprS of
tees appointments. a committee relates to a subject within the
The House bill did not contain a compara- ~?n of tlxwrtt etSIYIInI Con a
j
ble provision. 'TFe house brill did eat contain a compa-
The House receded with an amendment rable provision.
that permits the President to confer the per- The House receded.
sonal rank of ambassador or minister in con- DEPARTMENT OF STATE PERSONNEL CEILING
nection with special missions for the Presi- The Senate amendment restricted the total
dent of an essentially limited and temporary number of American employees of the De-
nature not to exceed six months. partment of State overseas to 6,000 after
BASIC AUTHORITIES FOR UNITED STATES April 1, 1972.
INFORMATION AGENCY The House bill did not contain a compa-
The Senate amendment included a section able provision.
that is, in effect, a "point or order bill". It The Senate receded, - -'
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 H 5718
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 1 une 115, 197J1
UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS
CONSTRUCTION
The Senate amendment contained a pro-
vision reaffirming the authorization by the
Congress (P.L. 91-622) of providing $20,000,-
000 to the United Nations through the Secre-
tary of State as a contribution to the cost
of expanding the U.N. Headquarters in New
York
The House bill contained no comparable
provision.
The Senate receded.
USE OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES
The Senate amendment contained a sec-
tion modifying the restrictions on the use
of foreign currencies in connection with
travel by members of Congress.
The House bill contained no comparable
provision.
,,The Senate receded.
INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL
The Senate amendment substituted new
provisions in lieu of section 461 of the For-
eign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, au-
thorizing an appropriation of $42,600,000 for
fiscal year 1973 for international narcotics
control.
The House bill contained no comparable
provision.
The House receded.
STUDY COMMISSION RELATING TO FOREIGN
POLICY
The Senate amendment contained a title
relating to the establishment of a study com-
missionto submit findings and recommends-
tions on the formulation and implementation
of American foreign policy, with membership
from the Congress and the Executive Branch.
The House bill contained no comparable
provision.
Th Hnuse receded with an amendment.
TITLC
The Senate amendment provided that the
Act may be cited as the "Foreign Relations
Authorization Act of 1972."
The House bill provided that the Act may
be cited as the "Department of State and
United States Information Agency Appropri-
ations Authorization Act of 1972."
The House receded.
THOMAS E. MORGAN,
CLEMENT J. ZARLOCKI,
WAYNE L. HAYS,
L. H. FOUNTAIN,
DANTE B. FASCELL,
WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD,
PETER H. B. FRELINGIIUYSE:N,
WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD,
Managers on the Part of the House.
J. W. PULBRIGHT,
JOHN SPARKMAN,
WILLIAM B. SPONG, Jr.,
FRANK CHURCH,
GEORGE D. AIKEN,
Managers on the Part of the Senate.
PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON
GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS TO
FILE REPORT ON U.S. ECONOMIC
ASSISTANCE FOR THE KHMER
REPUBLIC (CAMBODIA) UNTIL
MIDNIGHT TOMORROW
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Government Operations may have un-
til midnight tomorrow night to file a
report entitled "U.S. Economic Assist-
ance for the Khmer Republic-Cam-
bodia."
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Pennsylvania?
There was no objection.
PROGRAM FOR WEEK OF JUNE 13
(Mr. FREY asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute.)
Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, I take this
time to ask the distinguished majority
leader if he can inform us as to the
schedule for next week.
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. FREY. I yield to the majority
leader.
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, in reply to
the distinguished gentleman from Flor-
ida, we have concluded the program for
this week and I will ask unanimous con-
sent to go over to Monday.
Monday is Consent Calendar Day.
That will be followed by four suspen-
sions:
First. H.R. 13694, American Revolution
Bicentennial Commission;
Second. Senate Joint Resolution 211,
National Commission on Consumer Fi-
nance;
Third. H.R. 15439, Compensation for
Disabled Veterans; and
Fourth. S. 3343, Housing for Disabled
Veterans.
For Tuesday there is the Private Cal-
endar, to be followed by general debate
only on the Public Works-AEC appro-
priation bill and general debate only on
the Treasury-Postal Service appropria-
tion bill.
On Wednesday and the balance of the
week there is scheduled for consideration
the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act,
commonly called the revenue-sharing
bill, under a closed rule with 8 hours
of debate; and the conclusion of con-
sideration of the two appropriation bills
which I have just mentioned, Public
Works-AEC and Treasury-Postal Serv-
ice: followed by consideration of the
cyclamates ban compensation bill, which
is subject to a rule being granted.
Of course, conference reports may be
brought up at any time, and any further
program will be announced later.
It is entirely probable that on Friday
next the House will be in session. I
might say that we have an exceedingly
heavy schedule for the following week.
Under the plan previously announced,
the House will recess for the Democratic
convention at the close of business on
Friday, June 30, so it is highly likely we
will have business an Friday next and
on the succeeding Friday.
Mr. FREY. I thank the distinguished
majority leader.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. FREY. I am delighted to yield to
the gentleman from Iowa.
Mr. GROSS. As to what appropriation
bill did the chairman of the Appropria-
tions Committee ask permission for con-
sideration on Monday or Tuesday?
Mr. BOGGS. On Tuesday.
Mr. GROSS. Tuesday. That would be
the Treasury and Postal Service bill?
Mr. BOGGS. The gentleman asked to
call up two, the Public Works-AEC bill
and the Treasury-Postal Service bill, for
general debate only.
Mr. GROSS. On both bills or one?
Mr. BOGGS. Both bills.
Mr. GROSS. May I ask the gentleman.
when would it be,planned to return to ,
these bills, in view of the schedule there-
after?
Mr. BOGGS. Following the conclusion
of the revenue-sharing bill.
Mr. GROSS. Conclusion of the rev-
enue-sharing bill?
Mr. BOGGS. The revenue-sharing bill
is the first order of business on Wednes-
day. If the rule is adopted, the debate
cannot exceed 8 hours. So if all the de-
bate is consumed, we will finish the rev-
enue-sharing bill on Thursday.
Mi-. GROSS. Then we will go back to
the two appropriation bills, after the
revenue-sharing bill?
Mr. BOGGS. That is correct.
Mr. GROSS. Is the debt-ceiling bill
ready to be coflsidered by the House?
Mr. BOGGS. I The debt-ceiling bill is
tentatively scheduled for Tuesday, June
27.
Mr. GROSS. I was in hope that would
be called u.p tomorrow or Saturday, in
view of the $100 billion bill we just
passed. I would I, think it would be urgent
that the debt ceiling be increased in view
of that kind of. wild-eyed spending.
Mr. BOGGS. Well, the debt ceiling will
be increased, as the gentleman knows.
ADJOURNMENT OVER TO MONDAY,
JUNE 19. 1972
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent that when the House ad-
journs today it adjourn to meet on Mon-
day next.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Loui-
siana?
There was no objection.
DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR WED-
NESDAY BUSINESS ON WEDNES-
DAY NEXT
Mr. BOGGS.'Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent that the business sched-
uled for Calendar Wednesday on Wed-
nesday next be dispensed with.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Louisi-
ana?
There was no objection.
TO SECURE HUMANE TREATMENT
FOR OUR POW'S AND MIA'S
(Mr. DELL4NBACK asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. DELLEr BACK. Mr. Speaker, ac-
cording to the !latest Department of De-
fense figures, 1;737 U.S. military person-
nel and civilians are reported captured
or missing in action in Southeast Asia;
65 of these men are from my own State
of Oregon. The parents, wives, and chil-
dren of a majority of these men have no
idea whether or not they are even alive.
And those who do know, must still live
in daily anxiety for the health and well-
being of their loved one.
I am quite certain that everyone in
this body would like to see the conclusion
of the Vietnam war and the safe return
of our prisoners to their families. It is
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 -vsr4
THE WAhh e r 91se 2005/01/05. CIAeRgi4BFAMg 0110(piaE
?1 Billion
Voted for
State, USIA
nc ''
pencer Ric
The Senate, by a 76-to-i
vote, passed 'a $1 billion au-,
thorization bill for the Stale
Department and USIA yester-
day, after first voting 40 to 36.
to allow continued ~TTh.
chrome imports from Rhode-.
sia despite a U.N.-embargo.
Before passing the bill,.
which now goes to conference.
with the House, fhe Senate set
aside the end-the-war issue for
consideration in the foreign.
military assistance bill, which
is eitgected to reach the floor
later this month.
' caries of tiro-forma
group `of Vietnam fund-cl
tq t aads. _ _ ld
uiring._ withdrawal of all
am
een
ei n military aid bill by t_
foreign _ relations contiW e.
a_ns ie as eci ess
nwdown w en that bi11
Mathias Jr. (R-Md.) was ab-
sent.
Byrd insisted that th
i
s
e
s
ue
coiftes up.' _" " -!was a defense matter, not a
Tter the vote' on the foreign policy matter
McGee
.
chrome issue, Sen. Gale W. retorted that the United
McGee (D-Wyo.), usually an ad- States has so much chrome in
ministration supporter on for- I he strategic stockpile that
eign policy issues, blasted the wen after 1,.3 million tons are
White House for failing to I?eleased into the market in ac-
exert any real effort on behalf
of the U.N. embargo. As a re-
the Senate vote
he said
suit
,
,
will permit imp or r f6"eol~`1iserve covering all needs for
tinue ignoring ft. full three-year war.
of the fund cutoff.
i
o
'
i
o
is
re
si
endorsement` to his proposal
to restore U.S. compliance
with the embargo, but had de-
clihed to put any pressure on
wavering GOP senators. He
said he had told the White
House Tuesday, "Somebody's
As passed by the Senate, the
State-USIA bill authorizes
$64&354,000 for the State De-
partment (this inlcudes $85
million, not sought by the de-
partment for resettlement of
, s
Jewish $200,249,000 for the USIAS$22
million foorrgthe Ar n Control
the
Agency,
Peace Corps and $42.5 million
for international narcotics con-
trol. f debate
rm the week. g
t e measure the Senate
got to pick up the telephone
and make some calls," and had
given the names of six Repub-
licans who would vote for the
embargo if the White House
asked him to.
"That suggestion was)
greeted with silence," he said.
The United States began)
participating in the embargo
SF, A15, Col. fee
in 1966 after the U.N. imposed
economic sanctions against the
breakaway British colony in
an effort to force it to grant
the nation's black majority a
bigger voice in government.
Last Year, Sen. Harry Flood
Byrd (Ind.-Va.), arguing that
Rhodesian chrome was needed
for high-quality steel used in
defense industries, pushed
through Congress a proposal
to permit imports despite the
embargo. He said the United
States was taking 60 per cent
Russia.
Yesterday, Byrd's floor
Amendment killing McGee's
proposal was adopted 40 to 36,
with only 10 Republicans sup-
porting McGee.
J. Glenn Beall (R-Md.) and
or- William B. Spong (D-Va.)
ord with recent legislation,
he stockpile still will contain
har of key
r e-__ the For-
Thlpmze luded
:fQr a - _ wr_cei in r
dletect under round tests from
the Defense e"pr'r.II'e." 0 i
the Arms Control Agency, and
a han nn prov Wg_q_ er oy-
,nme is with propaganda
~atarials.
Left in, however, were a ban:
on the use of USIA propa-
ganda materials within the
Uinted States, except for sale.
of the scholarly magazine
"Problems of Communism"; a
new mandatory grievance sys-
tem for State Department em-
ployees; and_a proposal for a
little Hoover Commission to
Btu y oreign po icy agencies.
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