NOTE TO(Sanitized) FROM RHW
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP74-00390R000100050001-1
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
K
Document Page Count:
96
Document Creation Date:
December 9, 2016
Document Release Date:
June 11, 2001
Sequence Number:
1
Case Number:
Publication Date:
June 3, 1968
Content Type:
NOTES
File:
Attachment | Size |
---|---|
CIA-RDP74-00390R000100050001-1.pdf | 9.95 MB |
Body:
STATINTL
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UNCLASSI NTIAL SECRET
d F - - (40)
2-61 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 0-587282
SENDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM
UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
1
2
3
DATE
INITIALS
4
5
6
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks %
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FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NO.
DATE
STATINTL
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MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr.
2' 6 JUN 1968
I calle secretary
and got t EeRu tex o page 18
and then retyped it. Along with the
words at the end of the last two
sentences, the statement in the first
paragraph on- was added.
5
?N2
June 1968 1
j
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G'a' d g' v~"1 t /'?'.~?v m I L
a
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I AUG 54 ~;., 1__. WHICH MAY 9E USED. if
STATINTL
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Apollo Program filing
system could have
profound effect upon
industry's storage and
retrieval methods.
Instant
Television
Filing
And
Jietrieval
Of the many ominous forecasts of
problems associated with the "in-
formation flood," how many solu-
tions are available for the documen-
talist? The answers proposed for
this problem are relatively few.
Contemporary information systems
analysis is emphasizing the role of
the computer generated index and
search capabilities as complemen-
tary to microfilm or equivalent
graphic image storage systems.
Within this limited framework, the
current analysis of the information
processing criteria is adequate. The
unanswered problem, however, is
how to economically store and re-
trieve large volumes of graphic
images for an active document file.
It has been projected that 1970
annual sales for the computer in-
dustry (hardware and software)
will exceed $9 billion. If the de-
veloping field of information han-
dling systems and services (includ=ing document processing) is pro-
jected at the same rate of growth,
the overall information processing
industry sales will approach $10-
11 billion by 1970. When integrat-
ed-with the staggering size of the
total `knowledge' industry sales,
the significance of information han-
dling in 1970 comes into a clear
Harold J. Podell is Chief of the In- perspective.
tegrated Systems Development Sec- Will there be adequate elocu-
tion of the Brown Engineering Com- ment storage and retrieval systems
pany, Inc., Huntsville, Ala. available in 1970 to efficiently
utilize the indexing capabilities of-
fered by the advanced computer
systems? Is it foreseeable that all
of the 120 million pages of scien-
tific information to be produced,
in 1970 alone, could be readily ac-
cessible in one economical storage
system? Can small and medium-
size commercial users anticipate
smaller versions of future document
retrieval systems, that will be com-
patible with their pressing informa-
tion demands in 1970?
To all the above questions, the
answer is YES! i`
A new era in document han-
dling is approaching with the ac-
celerated development of video fil-
ing systems, using TV image stor-
age and retrieval techniques. The
forerunner of this new era of auto-
mation is the recently developed
Ampex Videofile system.
In Videofile, the source hard
copy documents or microfilm pro-
jections are scanned by a modified
TV camera and recorded electron-
ically on two-inch wide, up to 7,200
foot long, magnetic film, Mylar base
tapes. With several hundred thous-
and images stored in electronic
(analog signal) form and accessible
for rapid viewing, this video storage
system could be the answer to many
of industry's growing graphic re-
trieval problems. Videofile-type
systems should come into wide
spread use well before 1970.
20 Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-0039OR000100050001-1 Systems
Piped-in music, free coffee and NCR Paper
"It's heaven, Mildred. I get two coffee breaks on
my new job and they use NCR Paper business
forms. 'Member that cool pink sweater Harold
bought me? The one I got all smeary on a carbon
paper form? That can't happen here, Mildred. All
NCR Paper can do is make dreamy copies.
"Can you read them? Even the very last one - and
that could be No. 12 on electric typewriters. All un-
smudgeable. It's chemistry, Mildred. Do the copies
last? I'll say! I found one in the files that's ancient-
1954. You don't use NCR Paper yet? Get your boss to
see his forms supplier. Let him think it's his idea."
r/.WidWPJ.q: n s
C
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New direct accounting
method achieves important
results for Globe
Security Systems.
Z
Data from employee's earnings record is indexed into numeric keyboard of computer.
Savings Both In Time And Cost
Globe Security Systems, Inc., pro-
vides industry with guards and
offers investigative services.
Being a service organization, pay-
roll control is in many ways the
basis for our entire successful opera-
tion. With revenues nearly tripling
for the five fiscal years ending
January 31, 1964, our payroll out
of the headquarters has risen to
some 2,500 employees.
To absorb this growth satisfac-
torily without increasing operating
costs, we turned to an economical
means of automation. By so doing,
we eliminated 95 per cent of the
duplication of effort that went into
the preparation of weekly payrolls.
Time sheets are checked for accuracy
before processing.
At the same time, we retained our
basic system.
Our new procedure revolves
around two Burroughs E2100
Direct Accounting Computers. The
E2100 is a balance between an
electronic computer and a direct-
to-the answer accounting machine.
In effect, it gives us computer re-
sults with accounting machine sim-
plicity. As a result, we achieve an
important economy-a carryover of
methods and documents.
With conventional accounting
machines, each employee's gross
pay, taxes and deductions must be
precalculated before processing by
the equipment. This results in
double calculating, once in prepara-
tion and again by the accounting
machine.
On the other hand, the E2100
allows us just to enter the various
rates into the machine. The calcu-
lations are performed electronically,
at computer speeds. This is made
possible by the E2100's memory
capacity of 100 12-digit words in
which are stored the factors to
make the necessary payroll compu-
tations. Each of the 100 words is
Mr. Arlan is Controller of Globe
Security Systems, Inc., Philadelphia,
Pa.
accessible at random through the
machine's keyboard.
This is particularly important to
us. Our employees are located in
many locations in 18 states. Their
pay rates, city or state taxes and de-
ductions widely vary. Many of
them also work overtime. Pre-cal-
culating many of these variables,
therefore, became too big a job in
the face of increasing volumes.
With the E2100 this is now
handled automatically. These ex-
ceptions are processed through sub-
routines that permit the E2100 to
deviate from the norm without
operator interventions. This elimi-
nates pre-calculations, relieves the
operator of decision-making, helps
speed processing and improves
accuracy.
At Globe, every day is payroll
day. Using the cycle method, we
prepare pay checks and post to
earnings records four days each
week.
Under the new system, earnings
records, maintained on ledger cards,
are removed from files when the
weekly time sheets arrive from the
various locations. The previous
balances of earnings and taxes,
plus rate of pay and exemptions,
are introduced into the computer.
Without printing a single entry,
continued on page 67
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The PRINCE (Parts Reliability
INformation CEnter) Program,
which is operated at the George C.
Marshall Space Flight Center in
Huntsville, Ala., has been desig-
nated to serve as the Apollo Pro-
gram Parts Information Center, ac-
cording to PRINCE Manager, St.
John Courtenay. This nationwide
National Aeronautical Space Ad-
ministration information dissemina-
tion system is coordinated in Wash-
ington, D. C., by Armand Lakner
of the Apollo Reliability Program
'Office.
Will Satisfy Need
St. John Courtenay indicates
Above: Summary of Reference Process.
Numbered source document is placed
in the camera unit for exposure time
of 1115 sec. and then returned to source
document file. Document image and as-
signed digital address are sent to video-
tape recorder. Image and its address are
stored serially on reel.
Left: Recording process. Document is
placed above camera where image and
document number are scanned and re-
corded on daily video tape reel.
Below: Projected Data Transmission
System for the Apollo Parts Information
Center.
that the Videofile system, which
was selected through competitive
bidding, will satisfy the pressing in-
formation storage and communica-
tions need in the Apollo Parts In-
formation Program; it is an evolv-
ing hardware development program
that offers considerable practical
advantages today. The Ampex
$875,000 contract with NASA,
which calls for system delivery in
Huntsville later this year, foresha-
dows the rapid development of less
expensive systems for U. S. indus-
try.
It is not necessary for the large-
scale company to wait until 1970
for Videofile. For those organiza-
tions with dynamic document files
continued on page 54
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New
film splicing system
faster ? easier
more economical
114,
The new PERMACEL? 9100 Film Splicer
and film splicing tapes are making other
splicing methods old fashioned. This
modern splicing system offers you these
advantages:
? Wrap around butt splices with true
alignment in less than 8 seconds.
Mylar* backed tape provides positive
foolproof splices that are stronger
than the film itself.
Splices cost less than a penny each.
Can be used in darkroom.
All this ... at a cost of only $279.00.
Microfilm editing and repair
,.The new splicer, teamed with new PERMACEL?
912 Optically Clear Editing Tape made of
Mylar, makes permanent splices that remain
crystal clear for the life of the film.
Continuous run processing
of microfilm
Used with new PERMACEL? 91 Film Process-
ing Tape made of Mylar, the splicer eliminates
the need for staples or rivets. No more
scratched or marred film or damaged rollers.
No chemical transfer because of overlapped
stapled or riveted film splices.
Send for information on this time, labor and
material saving splicing system today.
*Du Pont trademark
PERffIaCEL
NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY
CIRCLE NO. 543 ON POST CARD
videofile
continued from page 21
exceeding 500,000 81/2 x 11"
pages or images, Videofile offers
immediate economic interest. The
outstanding technological break-
through that has been achieved by
Ampex is the significant economy
of electronically processing, adding,
replacing and deleting images in
large volume, without the tradition-
al chemical development or tape
splicing.
The physical hardware configura-
tion of a Videofile storage system
is a direct function of the users
file activity and file size. No signi-
ficant limitations on hardware ex-
pansion exist in the upper ranges
other than basic economic consid-
erations. It is entirely feasible that
an electronic storage system of two
million images can have virtually
the same access time per image as
one of two hundred million im-
ages. Even the low activity images
can be stored off-line with relative-
ly responsive access times.
Depending upon electronic cir-
cuitry options and video film reel
sizes, several levels of access time
for the first image of any given
document are economically feasible:
Category
1. Priority high-volume im-
ages 20-30 sec.
2. Normal use images
1-2 min.
3. Off-line images 3-5 min.
Naturally, the volume of stored
images increases with each of the
above categories. A typical file dis-
tribution could be:
Category
1. 1001 of the file size with
40-50% of the activity.
2. 60% of the file size with
30-40% of the activity.
3. 30% of the file size with
10-30% of the activity.
Viewing the above categories
from an economic standpoint, the
cost of each search decreases as
the elapsed search time increases.
An accurate record by document
address could be maintained for
each search, and with activity rec-
ords being processed periodically,
it would be possible to reclassify
images by category. The changing
and re-sequencing of image loca-
tions can be accomplished electron-
ically on an automated basis. In
this manner, the older document im-
age files would gradually be trans-
ferred to category 2 or 3 reels.
A Videofile Configuration
The NASA PRINCE hardware
configuration for the Apollo Pro-
gram represents a typical system
for a medium-sized commercial in-
stallation, with the capability for
modular expansion to a large-scale
system.
Each document is assigned a sev-
en digit address, and image record-
ing is performed in a chronological
manner at a manual rate of 20 to
30 pages per minute or up to 700
documents per minute with auto-
mated equipment. Up to 250,000
81/2 by 11" document images can
be recorded on each input reel at
1/3" of tape per image for 90 TV
lines per inch of resolution (equi-
APERTURE CARD READER
Scans entire microfilm, are- I one
yields sharp, clearr, easily ;read picture de:
tails accepts standard 30114" x 7 ~"
cards Grainless 'Black' 10X 10 inch screen
is fRideal for "black ~~& white or color film.
Folds mflat*for storage nor travel Unusually
handsome design featuring chrome steel and
genuine hand-rubbed walnut selected?by
the Museum of `Modern Art of New York for
flits permanent design collection Converts to
2~it 2 slide use easilyand economicall ff
No 372-HP) Aperture
'CrdReader $99.'50
oa 70K-Deluxe
Carry Case . 6,$2 5.0
I I 11 1
I I ll I 1
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their comment often is `I have to buy so many differ-
ent kinds of readers in order to project all this kind
of microfiche. I bought a reader, and it only takes up
to 4x5 or 5x8, and it doesn't do well on this or that.'
"If we are going to develop all kinds of sizes of mi-
crofiche, then we are putting the burden on the user
to have all the various kinds of equipment."
Edward Schoenfeld, Manager, Contract Sales Divi-
sion, DuKane Corp. "The problem isn't so much the
size as it is the reduction ratio, because it is a rela-
tively simple thing to handle all common sizes of mi-
crofiche, but it becomes a little more complex when
you are dealing with different reduction ratios."
William J. Bengtson, Product Coordinator, Copy fib,
Xerox Corp. "People in industry, I feel, may tend to
lean toward the tab card size of microfiche. It becomes
a natural in filing with microfiche mounted in aperture
cards. The engineering drawing, for example, can be
contained in a frame of microfilm, and then all the
backup materials, bills of material, contracts, purchase
orders, change notices, can all be contained in a tab
size microfiche card, so that you will have the complete
story in one compact file."
Alan C. Root, Business Planning Manager, Mosler,
Safe Co. "One of the best ways of helping people to
see what is on a microfiche will ultimately be to ma-
chine-run it up and index to a specific image in that
fiche.
"The mac'line retrieval industry is awfully close to
being able to run aperture cards out and display them.
In fact, we are doing this on special systems right now.
"If the dimension of fiche is the same as the aper-
ture card, mechanically it is going to be much easier to
provide equipment that will accept both. Just from the
point of the sheer physical dimension of the document,
it is expensive to make a machine that can take an in-
termixed file of aperture cards and microfiche if they
have different dimensions.
"We can provide that machine much more economi-
cally if the documents are physically the same size.
Also, when it comes to displaying the contents, it won't
be too difficult to make a movable platen that will pick
up the aperture card image and throw that onto a
screen, either at point of use or remote, over
closed circuit television, and use that same platen to in-
dex to a specific image on a fiche, so that you have
compatibility."
Alexander Kreithen, Vice-President, Documentation
Incorporated. "Adoption of the 105 x 148mm micro-
fiche as a common microform by NASA, DOD, AEC
and OTS insure its continued, expanded use, and pro-
vides an assured market for developers of equipment.
It may well be that microfiche will make the century-
old dream of the pocket library a reality. In the mean-
time, students, scientists and engineers should be
made aware of the increasing volume of information
and ask about
MICRO-FOLIO
available in microfiche and educated in its use." ^ , SYSTEMS
CIRCLE NO. 510 ON POST CARD
4r~ffiroved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-0039OR0001 00050001 -1
May,
microfiche ...the'
cat-
alog data; technical reports; or
other multiple ? . records.
Quick reference, space-saving
microfiche is better when made
by the MICRO-FOLIO method.
You can accommodate ?? ?
up-
date ? delete duplicate reference copies on de-
? seconds, and gov-
ernment meet ? ? ? ?
substantially lower than other
rigid microfiche methods.
ex-
If there's a ? ?
pedience A. microfilm pro-
gram atlantic
Corp,
SPRING VALLEY,
N. Y. 10977
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-0039OR000100050001-1
THIS READER-PRINTER
Has a big, bright viewing screen (18" x 24").
Gives a choice of printout (true translucents,
sharp opaques, even offset plates-in less than
a minute). Handles all microfilm, including
microfiche, in sizes up to 5"x8". It's the un-
surpassed Itek 18.24 Reader-Printer. To get
full details call our local office or write Itek
Business Products, Rochester, N. Y. 14603.
In Canada: Itek Business Products Ltd., Toronto, Canada.
Visit our Booths 4, 5, 6, at the National Microfilm Assoc., May 11-13, Sheraton-Cleveland Hotel, Cleveland.
roved For Release 2001/07/28: A51~8R -M 90R000100050001-1
May, 196&pp
Approved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-0039OR000100050001-1
valent to 63 facsimile lines per
inch). Fewer images can be stored
if a resolution of 150 TV lines per
inch is required (equivalent to 105
facsimile lines per inch). The re-
cording process is controlled elec-
tronically (code electronics), and
a TV monitor is provided for vis-
ual spot checking of recorded im-
age quality.
After determining the appropri-
ate document address(es), the
Videofile operator punches the ad-
dress number(s) on the keyboard
of the retrieval console unit. The
document images are displayed
serially (NASA PRINCE will be
using a direct print process during
FY '66). The electronic control
system (code electronics) can b:
instructed to transfer the document
images to either the viewer moni-
tor or to the printer, after tempor-
ary storage in the buffer videotape
recorder (electronic buffer). NASA
is using a modified A. B. Dick elec-
trostatic printer which provides
over one page per second of hard
copy output. In the future, NASA
is considering transmitting hard-
copy of the source electronic im-
ages over transmission lines.
Well before the proverbial "in-
formation explosion" gets out of
hand, it is anticipated that reason-
ably priced, medium-sized Videofile
systems will be available for indus-
trial and commercial use. During
1966 and 1967 the Videofile will
be available at a reduced cost for
medium-sized document file utiliza-
tion.
The future progress of the Video-
file system will most probably be
directly analagous to the rapid
technological advancement and ac-
companying price reductions of the
digital computer during the last 10
years. As the price drops, there
should be significant quality im-
provements. One of , the most
worthwhile near-term improvements
expected is a gradual increase in
output resolution. to graphic arts
quality of 400-500 TV lines per
inch (equivalent to 280-350 facsi-
mile lines per inch) by the use of
a flying spot scanner input camera.
The amount of linear inches of
video tape required per image is
expected to be substantially reduced
therefore the increased resolution
capabilities do not necessarily mean`
a proportional increase in space.
One important feature on the
Videofile improvement horizon is
that modular electronics will pro-
duce better image quality with only
minor on-site electronic modifica-
tions and substitutions. Thus, the
current Videofile user will benefit
considerably from forthcoming
state-of-the-art hardware advances.
It is expected that the quality of
output displays, and of the video
magnetic film itself will increase
considerably in the near future,
complementing the trend towards
super-resolution. Another impor-
tant 1967-8 technological break-
through on the horizon is the pro-
jected capability of Videofile to
handle source documents in the en-
gineering drawing size category. ^
Thanks For
Your Enthusiasm
... We Are Proud
To Announce...
... for fast
information retrieval
R O L-D EX serves best!
High in efficiency - low in cost,
ROL?DEX has the features to do the
small and large job best:
? Immediate access to any record
at any time by one or
several persons
? Saves floor space
ROL?DEX can help you, too!
Write for information:
ROL?DEX
DIVISION
Dept. S-5
Q watson
MANUFACTURING CO.,Inc.
Jamestown, New York 14701
EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER'
1 9 6 5
SYSTEMS
WILL BE PUBLISHED.
EVERY MONTH
Approve fdRP6FPft? c9'26O'1t/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-0039OR000100050001-1
Systems
For Release 2b01/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-00390R0001000i9Q4V,1
How
Management
Uses
Closed
Circuit
Television
B URGEONING growth and rapid
development could conceivably
cause managers to lose contact with
technology, communications pipelines
could become too narrow, lines of au-
thority could weaken and time lags be-
tween request and response could in-
crease. When management finds that
traditional methods of control are less
effective, it must seek new tools to cope
with the race against time. One such
tool, closed circuit television. is used
by the Space & Information Systems
Div. of North American Aviation, Inc.,
a major contractor for the Apollo
spacecraft and Saturn S-11 second stage
boost vehicle. Its facilities in Southern
California are dispersed over an area
that extends more than 80 miles.
With the division operating 24 hours
a day, its Television Operations Center
provides management with a com-
munications channel that is always
available. The offices of key managers
are equipped with a two-way sound
system and television receiver. Round-
table discussions can be held without
requiring individuals to leave their
areas and managers at remote facilities
may take part in conferences via micro-
wave facilities.
In addition, experiments at remote
locations can be telecast to managers to
give them the information they need
at the least possible time cost. For-
merly, company officers and managers
alike had to journey to the remote lo-
cation, attend the experiment or dem-
onstration, then journey back again,
using valuable hours in travel. With
closed circuit television, operations can
be broadcast live or recorded on video
tape for presentation at a time accept-
able to all or to fit various time sched-
ules. Instrumentation cameras, mounted
in areas that might be hazardous or in-
accessible, can transmit and record re-
sults on video tape as they occur. The
television center uses 3M Co.'s Scotch
video tape which requires no process-
ing and can be played back immediately
roved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-00390R000100050001-1
Four channels of closed circuit television at North American Aviation's Space & Infor-
mation Systems Div. can reach employees in 450 viewing locations. (See page 106.)
)roved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-0039OR000100066001-1
with picture and sound.
In addition, technicians at the tele-
vision center transfer video taped pro-
grams onto 16 mm film via the kine-
scope process for showing elsewhere.
Then, officials say, they can use the
same video tape over and over for other
programs, bringing the cost of tape use
to a very low per-unit price.
Closed circuit television broadcasting
of the current status of programs direct
from chartrooms, or presenting prob-
lems from remote locations with im-
mediacy, has brought a new dimension
to management. The system also can
be used to teach and motivate em-
ployees with programs televised for
training or general information. This
assures that employees at widely dis-
persed locations receive identical infor-
mation presented with the utmost skill.
North America's television center is
comparable in quality and efficiency to
modern commercial television studios.
The air-conditioned 11,000 sq. ft. cen-
ter includes a production control room,
two soundproof studios, repair and
maintenance areas, writing bays, film
library, projection and conference
rooms, clerical space and administra-
tive offices. In the control room are
audio, video and switching control con-
soles. All equipment is available for
both studio and remote telecasts, in-
cluding cameras, video tape recorders,
kinescope, special effects equipment,
sets, lighting, microphone booms, re-
mote controlled instrumentation test
Management maintains tight control over all its TV operations with audiences selected
on a need-to-know basis. Audio, video and switching consoles are shown above,
Sound and picture are recorded on video
tape by this machine for immediate play.
back without processing of any kind.
Equpiment at North American Aviation's
television center is available for both
studio and remote telecasts.
cameras and editing equipment.
The center can telecast on four dif-
ferent channels to as many as 450 in-
plant viewing locations although ap-
proximately 100 receivers are shuttled
for specific programs. Management
maintains a tight control over all TV
operations and all audiences are se-
lected on a need-to-know basis.
The Space & Information Systems
Div. built its system from the ground
up for use exclusively as a manage-
ment and engineering tool. A study of
television applications was conducted.
The advantages of television were
weighed against the costs involved for
each application. As a result, the tele-
vision system is designed to accomplish
its tasks in the most economical man-
ner. The division has established a sys-
tems design consultant group and wel-
comes the opportunity to discuss the
merits of closed circuit television with
interested firms. ?
Technician trans-
fers video taped
programs to film
for showing else-
where. Then video
tapes are reused to
record other pro-
grams. This re-
duces the cost of
tape use to a low
per-unit price.
108
oved For Release 2001/07/28 : CIA-RDP74-00390R0001(FOO,"0=i