THE PRESSING PROBLEM OF CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP73B00296R000500100025-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 9, 2005
• Sequence Number: 25
• Publication Date: July 23, 1969
• Content Type: OPEN

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E 6240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks July 23, 1969
11
7i PRESSING PROBLEM OF CUBA Monitor of July 16, 1969, in the RECORD
j at this point:
HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK CUBA MORE SOVIETIZED; DEFECTOR FROM CAS-
TRO INTELLIGENCE NETWORK SAYS 1968 PACT
OF OHIO BINDS HAVANA TO MOSCOW LINE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WASHINGTON.-A Cuban intelligence officer,
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on
February 10 of this year the American
Security Council issued its weekly Wash-
ington report entitled "Nuclear Research
in Cuba.," It cited the nuclear agreement
between Havana and Moscow which had
been signed on January 8, 1969, and
which was hailed as the most significant
of a series of scientific research treaties
enabling Cuba to become an important
center for oceanographic and meteor-
ological research, according to Dr. An-
tonio Nunez-Jimenez, president of the
National Commission of the Cuban Acad-
emy of Sciences. 'Dr. Nunez-Jimenez
added that the arrangement with Mos-
cow would be "within the framework of
internationalism, as the Marxist-Lenin
ideology forces us to do." He also dis-
closed that the number of top Russian
scientists now serving in Cuba amounts
to 231, with 222 more due to arrive by
the end of this year. In addition, more
than 300 scientific specialists in all fields
of advanced research have settled in
Cuba from the Communist satellites in
Eastern Europe. Considering the Marx-
ist-Lenin ideology, one can pretty much
surmise how much of the efforts of these
scientists will be expended in the peace-
ful use of oceanographic and meteoro-
logical findings.
The latest development involving the
Soviet Union and Cuba is, of course, the
visit to Cuba of a Soviet naval squadron
comprising a guided missile cruiser, two
accompanying missile warships, a frigate
and a destroyer, plus two diesel-powered
submarines.
Coupled with these developments, the
pledge by Castro recently to support
"any true revolution" in the Western
Hemisphere would compel any sane per-
son to be suspicious of our bearded
neighbor to the South.
Yet, a July 19 column by Willard Ed-
wards, the Chicago Tribune newsman of
long standing, reports that the "Castro
is mellowing" line of thinking is preva-
lent in some State Department echelons.
They believe that Castro would . be re-
sponsive to friendly gestures, such as a
relaxation on travel by Americans to
Cuba. Even before the visit of the Soviet
naval squadron to Cuba, arguments that
Castro was softening were, as in the past,
dangerous and wishful thinking.
On July 16 the Christian Science Mon-
itor scooped other newspapers with an
account of a Cuban defector, now in the
United States, who had served Castro as
an intelligence officer in Paris. Although
not a major official in the Cuban Gov-
ernment, the officer had considerable ac-
cess to documents and other intelligence
materials as a part of the Cuban intelli-
gence service in Europe. The Monitor
ti le demonstrates once n that
as ro 1s deadly serious about his goal O
revo u on, and any- reams a ou aff
accommodaation w1 lm are unrea 18 c.
c e article, u a more
Sovietized," from the Christian Science
who defected to the United States earlier
this year, says that Premier Fidel Castro
signed an accord with the Soviet Union In
1968 which commits him to a pro-Moscow
line.
The assertion, it is felt, would explain the
noticeable pro-Moscow line being followed
by Cuba-a trend which began at the time
of the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia last
August.
According to the defector, Orlando Castro
Hidalgo, the Cuban-Soviet agreement re-
quires the Cuban leader to mute his criticism
of the Soviet Union and of Moscow-oriented
Communist parties in Latin America.
In return, the Soviet Union agreed not to
diminish its economic support of Premier
Castro's government and also to provide some
5,000 technicians to work in a variety of fields
to support Cuba's lagging economy.
These disclosures are part of the testimony
being given by Mr. Castro Hidalgo, who is no
relation to the Cuban Premier. It was learned
from informed sources that he left his post
as protocol officer of the Cuban Embassy in
Paris late in March of this year and sought
asylum for himself and his family at the
United States Embassy in Luxembourg.
Since then, Mr. Castro Hidalgo has been
undergoing extensive questioning together
with explaining an attache case full of docu-
ments he carried with him when he arrived
in Luxembourg.
Mr. Castro Hidalgo now is in the United
States under protective custody. `
The Christian Science Monitor learned of
Mr. Castro Hidalgo's presence in the United
States, and as far as is known this is the first
mention of his defection and his disclosures
to United States officials.
It is understood that the Cuban Govern-
ment has asked the French Government for
assistance in returning both Mr. Castro.Hi-
dalgo and the documents he brought with
him when he defected. But Cuban sources
would make no comment on this subject nor
admit that Mr. Castro Hidalgo had defected
when asked for comment.
Informed sources here say that Mr. Castro
Hidalgo has been a veritable gold mine of
information on developments in Cuba. Al-
though he was not a major official in the
Cuban Government, he apparently had con-
siderable access to documents and other in-
telligence materials as a part of the Cuban
intelligence service in Europe.
That service, according to Mr. Castro Hi-
dalgo's testimony, is put at the disposal of
the Soviet Union under terms of the 1968
agreement. Known as General Directorate Of
Intelligence (Or DGI after its Spanish ini-
tials), the service has been extending its
operations in Europe recently.
According to Mr. Castro Hidalgo, this grow-
ing Soviet influence in Cuba was the reason
for his defection.
., BETRAYAL SEEN -
In his own way, Mr. Castro Hidalgo sees
this increasing Soviet influence, brought on
by Premier Castro, as a betrayal of the Cuban
revolution and the goals for which he per-
sonally sonally fought both in the Sierra Maestra
and afterward.
Mr. Castro Hidalgo, in his testimony, says
that his immediate superior in the Paris
Embassy, Armando Ldpez Orta, returned from
Havana last January with word of the Cuban-
Soviet treaty and this pronouncement:
"Somos me,s sovieticos" (We are ? more
Sovietized).
According to Mr. Castro, Hidalgo's version
of the accord, which has remained secret
until now, the Soviet Union for its part
agreed to keep up the level of economic
assistance which has been flowing to Cuba
in the past several years. That aid is com-
puted in official circles here at something in
the neighborhood of $350 million yearly.
TECHNICIANS PROVIDED
The Soviet Union, it is understood, also
agreed to increase badly needed petroleum
shipments to Cuba, to purchase more of
Cuba's production of nickel ore, and to send
some 5,000 Soviet technicians to advise the
Castro government in the fields of science
and technology.
These technicians, Mr. Castro Hidalgo
says, are to be used in providing support in
agriculture, mining, atomic energy, fishing,
and military fields.
However, some Soviet assistance in the
DGI is part of the agreement.
To informed sources here, this aspect of
the secret agreement is particularly signifi
cant in that the DGI is understood to have
taken on many of the diplomatic activities
formerly handled by foreign service officers.
In light of the general reduction of Soviet
intelligence operations in France and else-
where in Western Europe in recent years,
the presence of a Soviet-oriented Cuban in-
telligence system is regarded by informed
sources here as important.
CLAIM CONFIRMED
Mr. Castro Hidalgo claims to have been
part of that system and the documents he
brought out confirm this claim.
But the documents are of even greater im-
portance-although they do not contain the
text of the Soviet-Cuban agreement.
Moreover, taken together with his testi-
mony and known facts about situations in
Latin America, Europe, and elsewhere, the
United States has learned a great deal about
Cuba and its activities through Mr. Castro
Hidalgo's defection.
The defector was a DGI operative in
Paris. He states that he helped organize
and operate a clandestine apparatus in the
French capital aimed at providing Latin-
American revolutionaires and guerrilla
leaders with money, false passports, and
hideouts during their travels to and from
Cuba,
According to Mr. Castro Hidalgo, the Paris
center for the DGI conducts operations into
South America, while the Cuban Embassy in
Mexico City coordinates operations in Cen-
tral America and the Caribbean.
As far as guerrilla activities in Latin Amer-
ica are concerned, Mr. Castro Hidalgo says
that the secret Cuba-Soviet accord makes
no )specific mention of their role-presum-
ably leaving Premier Castro free to operate
much as before in the question of armed
insurrection throughout Latin America.
CONFLICTS APPARENT
There are apparent conflicts between the
Soviet Union and Premier Castro over this
question, but Mr. Castro Hidalgo says that
Havana's support for the "export of revolu-
tion" to Latin America is not diminished
by the accord.
However, the DGI is reported to have told
its people that there must be a more meticu-
lous screening of Latin Americans before
they are put into the pipeline for guerrilla
training in Cuba. It is also understood, Re-
cording to Mr. Castro Hidalgo's testimony,
that Cuba has decided not to send out mili-
tary leaders to aid Latin-American revolu-
tionary groups until these groups have
reached a significantly high state of develop-
ment.
Implicit in the Castro Hidalgo testimony is
awareness on the part of Cuban officials that
the guerrilla effort led by Ernesto Che Gue-
vara made a number of errors.
It is understood that Mr. Castro Hidalgo's
disclosures of Cuban plans and the names
of agents and others working for Havana
throughout the world has been an important
development in United States intelligence
activities.
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 July 23, 1969
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks E 6239
Accordingly, President Nixon sent to
Congress a Grant Consolidation Act on
April 30, 1969, which was designed to co-
ordinate the hundreds of overlappng
Federal programs and insure that they
reach the intended recipients in an effi-
cient, economical, and effective manner.
Today, the President has proposed that
these principles of sound and efficient
management be applied to the Interstate
Commerce Commission, and has sent Re-
organization Plan No. 1 to the Congress.
There are two provisions in this plan:
First, it authorizes the President to des-
ignate the Chairman of the Commission
from its members as he does presently
in every other major Federal reg atory
agency; and second, it vests the a in-
instrative and executive functions o the
Commission in the Chairman as rec
mended by the Hoover Commission
most 20 years ago.
Prior to his graduation from high
school, young Mr. Ellis obtained 20 credit
hours at the University of Miami in
mathematics, sponsored by the National
Science Foundation. He was one of six
people in the State of Florida asked to
present a paper at the State Science and
Humanities Symposium. He was one of
two boys in the State of Florida to be
selected for the National Youth Science
Camp in Morgantown, W. Va.
Arthur is a recipient of many out-
standing honors. I would like to familiar-
ize you with some of these. He was one of
300 high school students in the Nation
to be chosen winner of the Westinghouse
awards honors group. He earned the first
runner-up award at the South Florida
Science Fair by a demonstration of chess
being played by calculus. He was chosen
first runner-up in chemistry and overall
at the Florida State Science Fair. There
he was winner of the only scholarship,
which, I am confident, will be promptly\ which was donated by the Gulf-Life In-
approved by this body. surance Co.
\ Arthur is a member of many national
HON. CLAUDE PEPPER
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, a young
man who lives in my congressional dis-
trict has been chosen a presidential
scholar. Arthur Baron Ellis, son of Mr.
and Mrs. Nathan Ellis, is an unusually
creative individual. Both scientific and
humanitarian causes have been of inter-
est to him.
I would like to share with you some of
young Mr. Ellis' accomplishments. He
was a member of Boy Scouts of America.
He reached the highest position of that
organization, that of eagle scout, and
was selected to be a member of the hon-
orary order of the arrow.
The Miami area is fortunate to have
both professional and colleagiate foot-
ball teams. Arthur took advantage Of
these by sponsoring. two exceptional chil-
dren to the Miami dolphin games and the
University of Miami hurricane football
games. His own athletic achievements f"
include third position on his school ten,'
nis team.
Ellis also completed recordings for
"Recording for the Blind." He fo ded
the Spiral Service Club at FloridHia-
leah High School with Lions tern:a-
tional sponsorship.
When he found a dangerous traffic in-
tersection lacked traffic lighting, Arthur
singlehandedly brought this to the atten-
tion of the proper authorities and pushed
for the successful installation of such
lighting.
Arthur's most definite contributions
have been in the field of scientific en-
deavor. Arthur was one of 14 high school
students in the nation to be selected for
a summer institute, sponsored by the Na-
tional Science Foundation, in chemistry
at North Dakota State University. He was
also one of six in the State invited to the
National Science and Humanities Sym-
posium at West Point.
h norary groups, some are the National
H or Society and National Math Honor
Soe ty, and was a National Merit Schol-
rship\winner. He received further honors
as the,,valedictorian of his class of 960
seniors. He was treasurer of the Junior
Acadeinylof Science. He was recipient of
the Silverinight Award in Mathematics,
Arthur is also a rllember oythe Ger-
man National Honor S tciet and in con-
nection with this, he i?. ditor-in-chief
of the German Student,n,Florida news-
paper. The fine arts,gave , peen of con-
cern to Arthur. He Vas in the first violin
section of the SoijtIi Florida Youth Sym-
phony and was Assistant concez tImeister
of the Hiale 'High School orch6stra.
I believe that all of us can be'roud
of Arthur Baron Ellis and others 'like
him. Matey excell in other fields; all ere
working for a constructive future. I aTh
very~roud that this young man can rep-
reont my congressional district as a
presidential scholar.
FAMILY MEDICINE FOR NEEDY
FAMILIES
HON. SHIRLEY CHISHOLM
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mrs. CHISHOLM. Mr.. Speaker, today
Mr. ROONEY introduced H.R. 10264 a bill
to amend the Public Health Service Act.
That bill would provide grants to develop
training for young men and women as
specialists in family medicine.
In short the bill is intended to increase
the number of medical students who do
not specialize in the sense that we now
use the word. The moneys to be author-
ized by this bill are absolute necessities;
to not only the medical schools and stu-
dents of the country, but also to those
lower income citizens who hopefully will
be the prime recipients of the benefit;, of
such a program. In a time where we see
constantly spiraling medical costs, and
most of those costs of specialists, some-
thing must be done to make general med-
ical care available to low-income and
other families at prices they can afford.
This bill proposes a step in that direction
and I suggest to all of my colleagues that
we support and pass it.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WAR-
FARE
HON. DON EDWARDS
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr.
Speaker, our recent experience on Oki-
nawa, along with even grimmer experi-
ence elsewhere, demonstrates the imme-
diate need for a change in policy in
regard to chemical and biological war-
fare.
Our pr~rams in these areas have not
, ons, weapons which cannot be con-
trolled, have been developed in hidden
laboratories.
The case against chemical and biologi-
cal warfare and possible steps to end this
threat have been well outlined by the
Mid-Atlantic Committee on Fort De-
trick. I insert the committee's statement
at this point in the RECORD:
STATEMENT OF POSITION
Secret research led by scientists and mili-
tary strategists resulted in the development
of the atomic bomb which destroyed Hiro-
shima on August 6th, 1945. The threat of
annihilation by still another means is be-
fore us. Highly secret research, development
and testing of chemical and biological weap-
ons is proceeding at a tremendous rate.
The United States has used weapons of
mass destruction in the past and will use
them again. Their use threatens the entire
human race.
Chemical-biological weapons, like atomic
we ons, are indiscriminate, inhumane and
untrollable.
Ou Nation's major biological weapons re-
search ,and development program is, at this
moment?being conducted at Fort Detrick in
Frederick\Md. We object to this manufac-
ture of death. The dangers to our environ-
ment as well. as the prospect of the eventual
use of these Weapons is horrifying.
No longer should our CBW policy be de-
termined by secretive, military strategists.
An informed and concerned public must call
for:
(1) Immediate cessation of all chemical-
biological weapons tests.
(2) Immediate halt to all research, de-
velopment and stockpiling of chemical-bio-
logical weapons with provisions for civilian
supervision of disposal of existing stockpiles.
(3) Immediate resubmission of the 1925
Geneva Protocol for ratification.
(4) Initiation by the United States of seri-
ous chemical-biological warfare discussions
leading to international disarmament agree-
ments.
As citizens we have a right and an obli-
gation to demand a voice in affairs which
concern our very lives.
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 July 23,.1969 Appro lg~ 00 /~~~ DCI~ ~7 ~Q0 9 ,J90100025-9 E6241
The1.? esence ai Mr. Castro Hidalgo and the lunar landing of the crew of the The launching will succeed because a vast
his family-a wife and two small boys-woo Apollo 11. amount of money and the best scientific
confirmed by the Department of State, al- It is a tribute to the skills and dedica- brains in America over a period of seven years
though it would give no further details. tion of. the hundreds of people who have have been lavished on this moon shot.
Mr. Castro Hidalgo is a 31-year-old Cuban, devoted their lives and their careers to Meanwhile, up the Atlantic oDaet, the eapi-
born in Puerto Padre, in Oriente province in tal which voted the 20 billion dollars to
the eastern part of the island. His mother developing and utilizing the techniques reach the moon is desperately short of the
and five younger brothers and a sister still of modern systems management in order sectond essential to man's life-water-all
live on the island. to deal with the tremendous numbers of because of lack of planning, lack of fore-
He joined Premier Castro's 26th of July diverse and interacting elements and sight, and lack of money-the same Ingre-
Movement in March, 1957, fighting mainly in factors of man in space. No problem is as dients which have put the moon shot on the
the Sierra Maestra. After Premier OastrO complex, yet we have brought the uni- verge of success.
came to power, ? Mr. Castro Hidalgo stayed within our reach. The Potomac River from which the capital
with the Army and served in campaigns verse of the United States draws its water is grad-
against guerrillas in the Escambray Moun- Is it not within our realm, then, to ually drying up. Its upper reaches are so
tains and against the invaders at the Bay of bring the solution to complicated public shallow that rocks stick out of the stream
Pigs. problems-such as those of our environ- bed like the bones of a starving old woman.
His schooling has been somewhat sparse. ment-within reach? Drained by communities and real estate de-
He left in the middle of secondary school In 1966, I proposed that we study the velopment along its banks, the upper
and since then has been largely self-taught. application of our modern management Potomac is starving.
He talks slowly, measuring his words care- capabilities to our vastly complex and Below, as it flows through Washington, the
fully, and has an air of self-confidence and Capabilities
public problems, such as trans- once majestic river has become an open
sophistication. sewer. Two hux1dred and forty million gallons
SELECTED FOR TRAINING portation, housing, education, and pollu- of human excrement, detergents, wash water
Selected for intelligence training by the ? Lion, in order to find effective solutions. and industrial waste are poured daily into
Castro government in 1965, Mr. Castro Since then it has become increasingly the river. The sewage is only partially
Hidalgo got a grounding in both intelligence clear that our traditional methods of treated,
theory and tactics and guerrilla warfare problem solving will not suffice. If we are Not even fish can live long in this poison-
practice. He also was given training in lan- to eliminate these problems, we must use ous water. The days when small boys splashed
guage prior to being sent to France in means which are commensurate with the and cavorted off the piers of Alexandria are
March, 1967. magnitude and complexity of the chal- no more. The bacteria count is 100 times
His wife, Norma, had originally been on lenge. higher than the level considered safe for
a list of those Cubans desirous of emigrating swimming.
to the United states under the provisions of The problem of water pollution is only However, none of this had to happen.
a Cuban-United States accord-but took her one area in which a solution is urgently Twenty-five years ago the Roosevelt admin-
name off the list when she married. needed, but it is a critical situation and istration foresaw the fact that growing
It is understood that the fact that her one in which action is most readily at Washington would need more water, and the
name had been on the list was discovered hand. As noted columnist Drew Pearson Army Engineers prepared a comprehensive
by Cuban intelligence people in Havana and wrote earlier this month, the Atlantic plan for a far-flung system of dams and
that an investigation of the situation was coast is desperately short of the second Immediately reIthe there was as an and its tributaries. real
under way at the time the family defected ? outcry from
to the United States Embassy in Luxem-
bourg. Sources here say that She played cause of the lack of planning, lack, of would be inundated. The plan was shelved.
something of a role in leading to the defec- foresight and lack of money-the same It was revived under Kennedy, only to be
tion, but at the same time, Mr. Castro ingredients which have put the moon shelved again. This time the conservation
Hidalgo had his own reasons for defecting. shot on the verge of success." fists joined the real estate interests.
OTHER DISCLOSURES I have urged that we put these ingredi- There was talk of small dams instead of
ents to use to clean up our rivers, and in big ones-darns which would not spoil the
Among other disclosures made by Mr. river's natural beauty. But nothing was done.
Castro Hidalgo are these: 1966 proposed that the Merrimack River There was a-lot of talk. A tri-state commis-
Col. Francisco Caamafio De156, the leader Basin become a demonstration project sion was appointed. Surveys were made. Com-
of the 1965 Dominion revolution, is now in for the application of systems manage- missions traveled up and down the river, in-
Cuba and that he arrived there shortly after ment in pollution control from which the spected the Virginia and Maryland tribu-
Mr. Guevara's death at the hands of the entire Nation could learn. taries. But nothing happened.
Bolivian Army in October, 1967. At first Mr. Pearson has stated that "the same So for lack of planning, lack of action,
Cuban officials thought they would use the lack of money, the once full-bosomed, beau
Dominican officer as a replacement for Mr. ingenuity used in reaching the moon tiful Potomac has become an emaciated old
Guevara, but since that time there has been would solve our water problems," and the lady, her bones protruding, smelly, unkempt,
no evidence that they have done so. Merrimack demonstration project would unsightly.
Guyanan Prof. Dr. Walter Rodney, whose be an important step in realizing this po- And water is short all over the capital of
presence in Jamaica last year caused a fu- tential. It is a concept which has gained the United States while the same- govern-
rore, was helped by Cuban intelligence forces the interest of the administration and ment which has neglected its own front
in Paris to travel to Cuba by way of both the endorsement of the General yard reaches for the moon.
Paris and Prague. Account-
ing Office, which has already awarded a The plight of the Potomac is not confined
Prensa Latina, the Cuban news service contract for a mathematical "systems" to the capital alone. It illustrates what is
now regarded as being run by DGI elements, happening all over the United States, from
was involved in a plan to infiltrate pro- model of the Merrimack River to obtain New York City where drinking water is still
Cuban agents into the ruling military junta additional water uses at reduced cost. It not served in restaurants, to Chicago which
of Gen. Juan Velasco Alvarado in Peru. Is a direction for our, efforts that needs, is reaching further and further into Lake
The names of Cuban intelligence agents every support, and I am hopeful that Mr. Michigan for its water.
in Chile-together with the concern on the Pearson's comments, which I am includ- Gradually at first, but now accelerating
part of Premier Castro and his associates ing here, will be as persuasive to my Col- rapidly as the population grows, water is be-
that Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chile's reform- leagues as they have been encouraging to coming a problem. Yet the same ingenuity
let president, was usurping Premier Castro's used in reaching the moon would solve our
me in continuing my own efforts: water ble s.
place and influence in Latin America. th Bo
to M Glob p
n ass) e
t
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday
evening most of the world watched the
most spectacular achievement of Amer
lea's technological capabilities to date-
s
[
om
, There is an illustration. Russia has re-
JULY 12, 19691 versed the direction of some of its great
WE CAN LAND ON THE MOON, BUT WE rivers which flow into the barren Arctic
CANNOT KEEP WATER CLEAN where they freeze and are wasted. What a
(By Drew Pearson) communistic nation can do, presumably a
Along the Atlantic seaboard right now are capitalistic nation can do-if it eschews
two illustrations of man's efficiency in achlev- lwlitics.
ing the thrills of life and man's inefficiency For less money than it takes to reach the
in not achieving the necessities of life. moon, the Missouri River could be diverted
At Cape Kennedy, the United States is westward at around Omaha and made to flow
about to launch the most carefully rehearsed, through the parched plains of Nebraska,
most expensive, most unnecessary project of Kansas and Texas instead of adding its vast
this century by which man will reach a piece volume to the already brimful Mississippi.
of drab, radioactive, lava-like real estate What the nation needs, however, is a water
hitherto romantic because of distance--the pollution czar who can look ahead, make
moom plans, spend money, as the moon-shooters
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 E 6242
Approve R&WMWA 5/A /~2aR~lA-T 7n3B0n02o?-K005mar 0RS 00025 yuly 23, 1969
tobacco for religious or moral reasons are
usually also against the use of alcohol. This
is logical as both serve no useful purpose and
can be classed together as temptations of
the flesh to be avoided, but our anti-tobacco
bureaucrats and their do-gooder helpers
seem to have no concern over the hazards of
alcohol in their "Big-Brother" health
program.
When the tobacco industry was called a
"legal" industry, one Congressman went to
great lengths to point out that in many
states it is not legal for persons under a
certain age to smoke, thereby implying that
this casts doubt upon the "legality" of the to-
bacco industry. He did not bother to list the
other things which persons under certain
ages cannot do, among them vote and drive
a car as well as drink alcohol. All these
things apply to persons deemed by the mak-
ers of the above regulations or laws to be
too young, and after a certain age the law no
longer applies to them. In the case of the
anti-tobacco forces there is to be no age limit
at,which we can escape their ministrations.
The Volstead Act and "Prohibition" were a
dismal failure and brought more evils than
they cured, taking the alcohol business away
from legitimate industry and putting It in
the hands of gangsters and "bootleggers."
People did not stop drinking, they merely
got their alcoholic beverages in "Speak-
easies" and from criminal sources, or made
their own "homebrew" or "bathtub gin."
The way the bureaucrats hope to destroy
the tobacco industry is not by prohibiting
smoking as they prohibited drinking during
"Prohibition" but by frightening the Ameri-
can public into turning against smoking. By
requiring the cigarette manufacturers to
print in a prominent spot on each package a
warning about the horrible things which will
happen if the prospective buyer 1s foolish
enough to go through with the purchase, Big
Brother will see to it that only a mentally ill
person would want to be seen possessing such
a dangerous weapon. And, of course, there
will be bigger and better ways of dealing
with persons who set such a bad example
and are so incapable of taking the good ad-
vice Big Brother forces upon them at every
turn of the radio or TV knob.
The warning approved by the House of
Representatives reads: "Warning: The Sur-
geon General has determined that cigarette
smoking is dangerous to your health and
may cause lung cancer or other diseases."
The Federal Trade Commission has proposed
the following: "Cigarette smoking is dan-
gerous to health and may cause death result-
ing from cancer, coronary heart disease,
chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema
and other diseases." Anyone who continued
to smoke after reading the above would really
have to be a masochist.
The fact that no scientific evidence has
ever been introduced to prove that cigarette
smoking actually causes any of the above
diseases, including the "and others," does not
seem to enter Into the picture. All the fear
peddling stems from a report, called the Sur-
geon General's Report of 1964, which "was
developed not by the time proven method of
hearings involving confrontation and cross-
examination, but instead was based on a 're-
view of the literature'-a review which
proved to be highly selective. and did not
cite much contradictory experimental evi-
dence." (Congressional Record, 6/17/69, p.
H4894)
How seriously the Surgeon General took his
own report was commented upon by Rep.
Carter on the floor of the House of Rep-
resentatives :
"You know, the Surgeon General appeared
before our committee, and in my opinion he
is a real fine gentleman, and he had three
other distinguished. advisors with him who
strongly supported legislation for labeling
cigarettes and I understand perhaps would
even go even further. Yet at the s time I
saw that they were all heavy smoke 7s, in-
cluding the Surgeon General. As I sat there
we saw great layers of smoke arising from the
witness stand and going up to the ceiling.
In other words, they were saying in my opin-
ion. 'Do not do as I do, but do as I say do,'
This was the Surgeon General of the United
States."
Hearings were held before the Committee
on Interstate and Foreign Commerce of the
House of Representatives during the end of
April 1969 and on May 1. Out of these came
1420 pages of testimony which added no
further information supporting the Surgeon
General's Report of 1964 but which did pro-
duce information refuting it. A funny thing
happened, however, the anti-tobacco forces
continued their propaganda and the testi-
mony which did not support their "cause"
received little or no publicity. Commenting
on this, Rep. Hars?ha stated: "It is an ironic
commentary on our times that the testimony
of medical and scientific experts who dispute
the scientific evidence against smoking ciga-
rettes is buried by the press. Yet the same
kind of testimony that questions the scien-
tific evidence against the use of marihuana
gets headlines. Apparently many Americans
are closed minded about a legal product and
open minded about an illegal one."
Congressman Richardson Preyer prepared
a press release, generally ignored, which
sums up the "evidence" pro and con, and
states in part:
"Experimental research conducted since
the Surgeon General's Report of 1964 and
brought out in the recent tobacco hearings
before the Committee on Interstate and
Foreign Commerce, raises the most serious
doubts about the conclusions reached in
that report," the North Carolina Representa-
tive stated "Evidence reveals it is at
least as likely that constitutional factors
other than cigarette smoking are the cause of
lung cancer, heart disease, and emphysema.
Not a single witness for the anti-smoking
forces testified to any research which he him-
self had done, while 18 witnesses testified
that their own research cast serious doubts
on the theory that cigarettes cause disease,"
Preyer declared. "Actually, the experi-
mental and statistical evidence has seriously
undermined the conclusions of the 1964
report;" he said.
Rep. Preyer went on to list seven "myths"
and accompanied them with the facts to
refute them. They were as follows:
1. Myth: "Every smoker is damaged by his
smoking."
Fact: Most smokers suffer no impairment
or shorteningof life. For example, the disease
most closely connected with smoking is lung
cancer. The lung cancer incidence among
smokers is 5/100 of 1%.
2..Myth: "There is an epidemic of lung
cancer." -
Fact: There has been a tremendous reduc-
tion in overall respiratory disease since 1900
When respiratory death rates were over five
times what they are today. It is particularly
misleading to say lung cancer is an "epi-
demic" in view of the declining rate of in-
crease (indicating that the incidence will
level off in the next few years).
3. Myth: "Cigarette smoking causes 300,000
premature deaths a year."
Fact: These claims have no basis in fact.
4. Myth: "Cigarette smoking turns the
lungs black," or "Doctors can tell cigarette
smoker's lung from a non-smoker's lung."
Fact: It Is Impossible to tell a smoker's
lung from a non-smoker's lung upon exam-
ination either grossly or microscopically.
5. -Myth: "Heavy smoking will shorten your
life by 8 years."
Fact: This statement is based on a statisti-
cal study by Dr. Cuyler Hammond who has
refused to disclose the raw data in his stu-
dies so as to permit independent evaluation.
To the contrary, recent "twin studies"-
have done. Until that time, the city of Wash-
ington will be periodically starved for water
as will other cities of this short-sighted
nation.
ECONOMIC WARFARE AGAINST THE
SOUTH
HON. JOHN R. RARICK
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, it is most
heartening for a Southerner to note that
more and more people from other sec-
tions of the country are becoming sus-
picious of the intensified blasts against
the South. The American people are
seeing through the misrepresentations
against Southern products-tobacco,
cotton, rice, sugar, and even oil.
Many Americans now question whether
theeconomic warfare is directed against
the products or against the region-the
people, the culture, and self-sufficiency
of the South. They are remembering
statements made by those dedicated to
the overthrow of the United States in-
dicating that the South would be the
final bastion of religious and moral
strength and individual liberty in our
land. They are realizing there is an eco-
nomic war against the South.
Mr. Speaker, I insert Mr. Frank Ca-
pell's Herald of Freedom, Zarephath,
N.J., of July 15, 1969, entitled, "Eco-
nomic Warfare Against the South" fol-
lowing my comments :
ECONOMIC WARFARE AGAINST THE SOUTH
Television viewers have been subjected to
a scare campaign against the use of tobacco
which has ? been growing in intensity and
which on the surface would seem to be moti-
vated only by humanitarian concern for the
health of "our children." Another campaign
which had the same ostensible motivation
was the drive to "poison the wells" of our
nation by the fluoridation of central water
supplies. We have been told that the next
target for the fanatical guardians of our
health will be peanuts (another product of
the South), excessive eating of which they
will try to convince us is -a cause of cancer,
that dread disease whose cause is still un-
known.
One of the guidelines which has proved
quite reliable for conservatives who wonder
about an issue which does not lend itself to
a "left" or "right" interpretation is the man-
ner in which the matter is treated in the
"liberal" press. When only one side is favor-
ably and constantly reported we can be
sure that it is important to the left-wing
planners' designs. Its immediate purpose
may seem fine, logical and ethical but, at
the risk of seeming "paranoid," we must
warn that things are not always what they
seem. In the case of the tobacco controversy
it has been pointed out that what is involved
is both a power grab and a blow at the South
where tobacco is important to the welfare
of the people.
Although the youth of America is in far
more danger from the smoking. of marihuana
and the use of LSD, heroin and other dan-
gerous drugs, the busy bureaucrats are try-
ing to "save" them from tobacco. While the
use of tobacco may not be desirable, and
those who oppose it for moral or religious
reasons are honest and upright people, those
who are emotionally opposing it for "health"
reasons seem a bit too anxious to impose
their will. Those who are against the use of
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks July 23, 1969
HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on
February 10 of this year the American
Security Council issued its weekly Wash-
ington report entitled "Nuclear Research
in Cuba." It cited the nuclear agreement
between Havana and Moscow which had
been signed on January 8, 1969, and
which was hailed as the most significant
of a series of scientific research treaties
enabling Cuba to become an important
center for oceanographic and meteor-
ological research, according to Dr. An-
tonio Nunez-Jimenez, president of the
National Commission of the Cuban Acad-
emy of Sciences, Dr. Nunez-Jimenez
added that the arrangement with Mos-
cow would be "within the framework of
internationalism, as the Marxist-Lenin
ideology forces us to do." He also dis-
closed that the number of top Russian
scientists now serving in Cuba amounts
to 231, with 222 more due to arrive by
the end of this year. In addition, more
than 300 scientific specialists in all fields
of advanced research have settled in
Cuba from the Communist satellites in
Eastern Europe. Considering the Marx-
1st-Lenin ideology, one can pretty much
surmise how much of the efforts of these
scientists will be expended in the peace-
ful use of oceanographic and meteoro-
logical findings.
The latest development involving the
Soviet Union and Cuba is, of course, the
visit to Cuba of a Soviet naval squadron
comprising a guided missile cruiser, two
accompanying missile warships, a frigate
and a destroyer, plus two diesel-powered
submarines.
Coupled with these developments, the
pledge by Castro recently to support
"any true revolution". in the Western
Hemisphere would compel any sane per-
son to be suspicious of our bearded
neighbor to the South.
Yet, a July 19 column by Willard Ed-
wards, the Chicago Tribune newsman of
long standing, reports that the ".Castro
is mellowing" line of thinking is preva-
lent in some State Department echelons.
They believe that Castro would be re-
sponsive to friendly gestures, such as a
relaxation . on travel by Americans to
Cuba. Even before the visit of the Soviet
naval squadron to Cuba, arguments that
Castro was softening were, as In the past,
dangerous and wishful thinking.
On July 16 the Christian Science Mon-
itor scooped other newspapers with an
account of a Cuban defector, now in the
United States, who had served Castro as
an intelligence officer in Paris. Although
not a major official in the Cuban Gov-
ernment, the officer had considerable ac-
cess to documents and other intelligence
materials as a part of the Cuban intelli-
gence service in Europe. The Monitor
article demonstrates once again that
Castro is deadly serious about his goal of
revolution, and any daydreams about an
accommodation with him are unrealistic.
I' include the article, "Cuba More
Sovietized," from the Christian Science
Monitor of July 16, 1969, in the RECORD
at this point:
CUBA MORE SOVIETIZED: DEFECTOR FROM CAS-
TRO INTELLIGENCE NETWORK SAYS 1968 PACT
BINDS HAVANA TO MOSCOW LINE
WASHINGTON.-A Cuban intelligence officer,
who defected to the United States earlier
this year, says that Premier Fidel Castro
signed an accord with the Soviet Union in
1968 which commits him to a pro-Moscow
line.
The assertion, it is felt, would explain the
noticeable pro-Moscow line being followed
by Cuba-a trend which began at the time
of the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia last
August.
According to the defector, Orlando Castro
Hidal o, the Cuban-Soviet ftgreemenT re-
quires the Cuban leader to mute his criticism
of the Soviet Union and of Moscow-oriented
Communist parties in Latin America.
In return, the Soviet Union agreed not to
diminish its economic support of Premier
Castro's government and also to provide some
5,000 technicians to work in a variety of fields
to support Cuba's lagging economy.
These disclosures are part of the testimony
being given by Mr. Castro Hidalgo, who is no
relation to the Cuban Premier. It was learned
from informed sources that he left his post
as protocol officer of the Cuban Embassy in
Paris late in March of this year and sought
asylum for himself and his family at the
United States Embassy in Luxembourg.
Since then, Mr. Castro Hidalgo has been
undergoing extensive questioning together
with explaining an attache case full of docu-
ments he carried with him when he arrived
in Luxembourg.
Mr. Castro Hidalgo now is in the United
States under protective custody.,
The Christian Science Monitor learned of
Mr. Castro Hidalgo's presence In the United
States, and as far as is known this is the first
mention of his defection and his disclosures
to United States officials.
It is understood that the Cuban Govern-
ment has asked the French Government for
assistance in returning both Mr. Castro Hi-
dalgo and the documents he brought with
him when he defected. But Cuban sources
would make no comment on this subject nor
admit that Mr. Castro Hidalgo had defected
when asked for comment.
Informed sources here say that Mr. Castro
Hidalgo has been a veritable gold mine of
information on developments in Cuba. Al-
though he was not a major official in the
Cuban Government, he apparently had con-
siderable access to documents and other in-
telligence materials as a part of the Cuban
intelligence service in Europe.
That service, according to Mr. Castro Hi-
dalgo's testimony, is put at the disposal of
the Soviet Union under terms of the 1968
agreement. Known as General Directorate of
Intelligence (or DGI after its Spanish ini-
tials) the service has been extending its
operations in Europe recently.
According to Mr. Castro Hidalgo, this grow-
ing Soviet influence in Cuba was the reason
for his defection.
BETRAYAL SEEN
In his own way, Mr. Castro Hidalgo sees
this increasing Soviet Influence, brought on
by Premier Castro, as a betrayal of the Cuban
revolution and the goals for which he per-
sonally fought both in the Sierra Maestra
and afterward.
Mr. Castro Hidalgo, In his testimony, says
that his immediate superior In the Paris
Embassy, Armando Lopez Orta, returned from
Havana last January with word of the Cuban-
Soviet treaty and this pronouncement:
"Somos mss sovieticos" (We are more
Sovietized).
According to Mr. Castro, Hidalgo's version
of the accord, which has remained secret
until now, the Soviet Union for its part
agreed to keep up the level of economic
assistance which has been flowing to Cuba
in the past pveral years. That aid is com-
puted in official circles here at something in
the neighborhood of $350 million yearly.
TECHNICIANS PROVIDED
The Soviet Union, It is understood, also
agreed to increase badly needed petroleum
shipments to Cuba, to purchase more of
Cuba's production of nickel ore, and to send
some 5,000 Soviet technicians to advise the
Castro government in the fields of science
and technology.
These technicians, Mr. Castro Hidalgo
says, are to be used in providing support in
agriculture, mining, atomic energy, fishing,
and military fields.
However, some Soviet assistance in the
DGI is part of the agreement.
To informed sources here, this aspect of
the secret agreement is particularly signifi-
cant in that the DGI is understood to-have
taken on many of the diplomatic activities
formerly handled by foreign service officers.
In light of the general reduction of Soviet
intelligence operations in France and else-
where in Western Europe in recent years,
the presence of a Soviet-oriented Cuban in-
telligence system is regarded by informed
sources here as important.
CLAIM CONFIRMED
Mr. Castro Hidalgo claims to have been
part of that system and the documents he
brought out confirm this claim.
But the documents are of even greater im-
portance-although they do not contain the
text of the Soviet-Cuban agreement.
Moreover, taken together with his testi-
mony and known facts about situations in
Latin America, Europe, and elsewhere, the
United States has learned a great deal about
Cuba and its activities through Mr. Castro
Hidalgo's defection.
The defector was a DGI operative in
Paris. He states that he helped organize
and operate a clandestine apparatus in the
French capital aimed at providing Latin-
American revolutionaires and guerrilla
leaders with money, false passports, and
hideouts during their travels to and from
Cuba.
According to Mr. Castro Hidalgo, the Paris
center for the DGI conducts operations into
South America, while the Cuban Embassy in
Mexico City coordinates operations in Cen-
tral America and the Caribbean.
As far as guerrilla activities in Latin Amer-
ica are concerned, Mr. Castro Hidalgo says
that the secret Cuba-Soviet accord makes
no specific mention of their role-presum-
ably leaving Premier Castro free to operate
much as before in the question of armed
insurrection throughout Latin America.
CONFLICTS APPARENT
There are apparent conflicts between the
Soviet Union and Premier Castro over this
question, but Mr. Castro Hidalgo says that
Havana's support for the "export of revolu-
tion" to Latin America is not diminished
by the accord.
However, the DGI is reported to have told
its people that there must be a more meticu-
lous screening of Latin Americans before
they are put into the pipeline for guerrilla
training in Cuba. It is also understood, ac-
cording to Mr. Castro Hidalgo's testimony,
that Cuba has decided not to send out mili-
tary leaders to aid Latin-American revolu-
tionary groups until these groups have
reached a significantly high state of develop-
ment.
Implicit in the Castro Hidalgo testimony is
awareness on the part of Cuban officials that
the guerrilla effort led by Ernesto Cho Gue-
vara made a number of errors.
It is understood that Mr. Castro Hidalgo's
disclosures of Cuban plans and the names
of agents and others working for Havana
throughout the world has been an important
development in United States intelligence
activities.
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July 23, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -Extensions of Remarks
Accordingly, President Nixon sent to
Congress a Grant Consolidation Act on
April 30, 1969, which was designed to co-
ordinate the hundreds of overlappng
Federal programs and insure that they
reach the intended recipients in an effi-
cient, economical, and effective manner.
Today, the President has proposed that
these principles of sound and efficient
management be applied to the Interstate
Commerce Commission, and has sent Re-
organization Plan No. 1 to the Congress.
There are two provisions in this plan:
First, it authorizes the President to des-
ignate the Chairman of the Commission
from its members as he does presently
in every other major Federal regulatory
agency; and second, it vests the admin-
instrative and executive functions of the
Commission in the Chairman as recom-
mended by the Hoover Commission al-
most 20 years ago.
These are sound nonpartisan reforms
which, I am confident, will be promptly
approved by this body.
A YOUNG MAN OF PROMISE
HON. CLAUDE PEPPER
Prior to his graduation from high
school, young Mr. Ellis obtained 20 credit
hours at the University of Miami in
mathematics, sponsored by the National
Science Foundation. He was one of six
people in the State of Florida asked to
present a paper at the State Science and
Humanities Symposium. He was one of
two boys in the State of Florida to be
selected for the National Youth Science
Camp in Morgantown, W. Va.
Arthur is a recipient of many out-
standing honors. I would like to familia,,r-
ize you with some of these. He was one of
300 high school students in.he Nation
to be chosen winner of the Westinghouse
awards honors group. He earned tite first
runner-up award at the South Florida
Science Fair by a demonstration of chess
being played by calculus. He was chosen
first runner-up in chemistry and overall
at the Florida State Science Fair. There
he was winner of the only scholarship,
which was `donated by the Gulf-Life In-
surance (1o.
Arthut is a member of many national
honora~y groups some are the
Honor
Societ
inner. He received further
rship
valedictorian of his class
as the( valedictorian of his class
He was treasurer of the
senior A.
y of Science. He was reci
Acade
the night, Award in Mathi
by the Miami Heral
sponsor
won the Renssalaer m
paper. H6
juniors an
for seniors Nmath and Science.
accepted and early decision I
fornia Institut!~ ethnology.
Arthur is also
man National Hono
editor-
nection with this, he
of the German Student ir 1
paper. The fine arts have bWe
cern to Arthur. He was in theme
section of the South Florida You
honors
of 960
Junior
pient of
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, a young
man who lives in my congressional dis-
trict has been chosen 'a presidential
scholar. Arthur Baron Ellis, son of Mr.
and Mrs. Nathan Ellis, is an unusually
creative individual. Both scientific and
humanitarian causes have been of inter-
est to him.
I would like to share with you some of
young Mr. Ellis' accomplishments. He
was a member of Boy Scouts of America.
He reached the highest position of that
organization, that of eagle scout, and
was selected to be a member of thehon-
orary order of the arrow.
The Miami area is fortunate to have
both professional and colleagiate foot-
ball teams. Arthur took advantage of
these by sponsoring two exceptional chil-
dren to the Miami dolphin games and the
University of Miami hurricane football
games. His own athletic achievements
include third position on his school ten-
nis team.
Ellis also completed recordings for
"Recording for the Blind." He founded
the Spiral Service Club at Florida's Hia-
leah High School with Lions Interna-
tional sponsorship.
When he found a dangerous traffic in-
tersection lacked traffic lighting, Arthur
singlehandedly brought this to the atten-
tion of the proper authorities and pushed
for the successful installation of such
lighting.
Arthur's most definite contributions
have been in the field of scientific en-
deavor. Arthur was one of 14 high school
students in the nation to be selected for
a summer institute, sponsored by the Na-
tional Science Foundation, in chemistry
at North Dakota State University. He was
also one of six in the State invited to the
National Science and Humanities Sym-
posium at West Point.
d news-
edal for
E 6239
be the prime recipients of the nenents of
such a program. In a time where we see
constantly spiraling medical costs, and
most of those costs of specialists, some-
thing must be done to make general med-
ical care available to low-income and
other families at prices they can afford.
This bill proposes a step in that direction
and I suggest to all of my colleagues that
we support and pass it.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WAR-
FARE
HON. DON EDWARDS
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr.
Speaker, our recent experience on Oki-
nawa, along with even grimmer experi-
ence elsewhere, demonstrates the imme-
diate need for a change in policy in
regard to chemical and biological war-
fare.
Our programs in these areas have not
only become accident prone, butthe pro-
grams themselves appear to have grown
up by accident without careful and pub-
lic debate. Instead these horrible weap-
ons, weapons which cannot be con-
trolled, have been developed in hidden
laboratories. -
The case against chemical and biologi-
cal warfare and possible steps to end this
threat have been well outlined by the
Mid-Atlantic Committee on Fort De-
trick. I insert the committee's statement
at this point in the RECORD :
STATEMENT OF POSITION
Secret research led by scientists and mili-
tary strategists resulted in the development
of the atomic bomb which destroyed Hiro-
shima on August 6th, 1945. The threat of
annihilation by still another means is be-
fore us. Highly secret research, development
d testing of chemical and biological weap-
o is proceeding at a tremendous rate.
T United States has used weapons of
mass estruction in the past and will use
them a in. Their use threatens the entire
human r ce.
Chemic -biological weapons, like atomic
weapons, a e indiscriminate, inhumane and
uncontrolla le.
Our Natio 's major biological weapons re-
search and 4evelopment program is, at this
moment, bei g conducted at Fort Detrick in
Frederick, Mu. We object to this manufac-
ture of deat . The dangers to our environ-
ment as wel as the prospect of the eventual
use of these weapons is horrifying.
No longe should our CBW policy be de-
termined y secretive, military strategists.
An infor d and concerned public must call
for:
I believe that all of us can be proud
of Arthur Baron Ellis and others like
him. Many excell in other fields: all are
working for a constructive future. I am
very proud that this young man can rep-
resent my congressional district as a
presidential scholar.
FAMILY MEDICINE FOR NEEDY
FAMILIES
HON. SHIRLEY CHISHOLM
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday. July 23, 1969
Mrs. CHISHOLM. Mr. Speaker, today
Mr. ROONEY introduced H.R. 10264 a bill
to amend the Public Health Service Act.
That bill would provide grants to develop
training for young men and women as
the number of medical students who do
not specialize in the sense.that we now
use the word. The moneys to be author-
ized by this bill are absolute necessities;
to not only the medical schools and stu-
dents of the country, but also to those
lower income citizens who hopefully will
(1)
biolo
(3) immediate resubmission of the 1925
Geneva Protocol for ratification.
(4) Initiation by the United States of seri-
ous chemical-biological warfare discussions
leading to international disarmament agree-
ments.
As citizens we have a right and an obli-
gation to demand a voice in affairs which
ooneern our very lives.
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July 23, 19 69 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks
The presence of Mr.. Castro Hidalgo and
his family--a 'wife and two small boys-was
confirmed by the Department of State, al-
though it would give no further details.
Mr. Castro Eidalgo is a 3i-year-old Cuban,
born in Puerto Padre, in Oriente Province in
the eastern part of the island. His mother
and five younger brothers and a sister still
live on the island.
He joined Premier Castro's 26th of July
Movement in March, 1957, fighting mainly in
the Sierra Maestra. After Premier Castro
came to power, Mr. Castro Hidalgo stayed
with the Army and served in campaigns
against guerrillas in the Escambray Moun-
tains and against the invaders at the Bay of
Pigs.
His schooling has been somewhat sparse.
Ile left in the middle of secondary school
and since then has been largely self-taught.
He talks slowly, measuring his words care-
fully, and has an air of self-confidence and
sophistication.
SELECTED VOR TRAINING
Selected for intelligence training by the
Castro government in 1965, Mr. Castro
Hidalgo got a grounding in both intelligence
theory and tactics and guerrilla warfare
practice. He also was given training in lan-
guage prior to being sent to France in
March, 1967.?
His wife, Norma, had originally been on
a list of those Cubans desirous of emigrating
to the United States under the provisions of
a Cuban-United States accord-but took her
name off the list when she married.
It is understood that the fact that her
name had been on the list was discovered
by Cuban intelligence people in Havana and
that an Investigation of the situation was
under way at the time the family defected
to the United States Embassy in Luxem-
bourg. Sources here say that she played
something of a role in leading to the defec-
tion, but at the same time, Mr. Castro
Hidalgo had his own reasons for defecting.
OTHER DISCLOSURES
Among other disclosures made by Mr.
Castro Hidalgo are these:
Col. Francisco Caamafio Deno, the leader
of the 1965 Dominion revolution, is now in
Cuba and that he arrived there shortly after
Mr. Guevara's death at the hands of the
Bolivian Army in October, 1967. At first
Cuban officials thought they would use the
Dominican officer as a replacement for Mr.
Guevara, but since that time there has been
no evidence that they have done so.
Guyanan Prof. Dr. Walter Rodney, whose
presence in Jamaica last year caused a fu-
rore, was helped by Cuban intelligence forces
in Paris to travel to Cuba by way of both
Paris and Prague.
Prensa Latina, the Cuban news service
now regarded as being run by DOI elements,
was involved in a plan to infiltrate pro-
Cuban agents into the ruling military junta
of Gen. Juan Velasco Alvarado in Peru.
The names of Cuban intelligence agents
in Chile-together with the concern on the
part of Premier Castro and his associates
that Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chile's reform-
ist president, was usurping Premier Castro's
place and influence in Latin America.
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday
evening most of the world watched the
most spectacular achievement of Amer-
ica's technological capabilities to date--
the lunar landing of the crew of the
Apollo 11.
It is a tribute to the skills and dedica-
tion of the hundreds of people who have
devoted their lives and their careers to
developing and utilizing the techniques
of modern systems management in order
to deal with the tremendous numbers of
diverse and interacting elements and
factors of man in space. No problem is as
complex, yet we have brought the uni-
verse within our reach.
Is it not within our realm, then, to
bring the solution to complicated public
problems-such as those of our environ-
ment-within reach?
In 1966, I proposed that we study the
application of our modem management
capabilities to our vastly complex and
difficult public problems, such as trans-
portation, housing, education, and pollu-
tion, in order to find effective solutions.
Since then it has become increasingly
clear that our traditional methods of
problem solving will not suffice. If we are
to eliminate these problems, we must use
means which are commensurate with the
magnitude and complexity of the chal-
lenge.
The problem of water pollution is only
one area in which a solution is urgently
needed, but it is a critical situation and
one in which action is most readily at
hand. As noted columnist Drew Pearson
wrote earlier this month, the Atlantic
coast is desperately short of the second
essential to man's life-water-"all be-
cause of the lack of planning, lack of
foresight and lack of money-the same
ingredients which have put the moon
shot on the verge of success."
I have urged that we put these Ingredi-
ents to use to clean up our rivers, and in
1966 proposed that the Merrimack River
Basin become a demonstration project
for the application of systems manage-
ment in pollution control from which the
entire Nation could learn.
Mr. Pearson has stated that "the same
ingenuity used in reaching the moon
would solve our water problems," and the
Merrimack demonstration project would
be an important step in realizing this po-
tential. It is a concept which has gained
the interest of the administration and
the endorsement of the General Account-
ing Office, which has already awarded a
contract for a mathematical "systems"
model of the Merrimack River to obtain
additional water uses at reduced cost. It
is a direction for our efforts that needs
every support, and I am hopeful that Mr.
Pearson's comments, which I am includ-
ing here, will be as persuasive to my col-
leagues as they have been encouraging to
me in continuing my own efforts:
[From the Boston (Mass.) Globe,
JULY 12, 1969]
WE CAN LAND ON THE MOON, BUT WE
CANNOT KEEP WATER CLEAN
(By Drew Pearson)
Along the Atlantic seaboard right now are
two illustrations of man's efficiency in achiev-
ing the thrills of life and man's inefficiency
in not achieving the necessities of life.
At Cape Kennedy, the United States is
about to launch the most carefully rehearsed,
most expensive, most unnecessary project of
this century by which man will reach a piece
of drab, radioactive, lava-like real estate
hitherto romantic because of distance-the
moon,
E 6241
The launching will succeed because a vast
amount of money and the best scientific
brains in America over a period of seven years
have been lavished on this moon shot.
Meanwhile, up the Atlantic coast, the capi-
tal which voted the 20 billion dollars to
reach the moon Is desperately short of the
second essential to man's life-water-all
because of lack of planning, lack of fore-
sight, and lack of money-the same ingre-
dients which have put the moon shot on the
verge of success.
The Potomac River from which the capital
of the United States draws its water is grad-
ually drying up. Its upper reaches are so
shallow that rocks stick out of the stream
bed like the bones of a starving old wohian.
Drained by communities and real estate de-
velopment along its banks, the upper
Potomac Is starving.
Below, as it flows through Washington, the
once majestic river has become an open
sewer. Two hundred and forty million gallons
of human excrement, detergents, wash water
and industrial waste are poured dally into
the river. The sewage is only, partially
treated.
Not even fish can live long in this poison-
ous water. The days when small boys splashed
and cavorted off the piers of Alexandria are
no more. The bacteria count is 100 times
higher than the level considered safe for
swimming.
However, none of this had to happen.
Twenty-five years ago the Roosevelt admin-
istration foresaw the fact that growing
Washington would need more water, and the
Army Engineers prepared a comprehensive
plan for a far-flung system of dams and
reservoirs on the Potomac and its tributaries.
Immediately there was an outcry from real
estate interests and big farmers whose land
would be inundated. The plan was shelved.
It was revived under Kennedy, only to be
shelved again. This time the Conservation-
ists joined the real estate interests.
There was talk of small dams Instead of
big ones-dams which would not spoil the
river's natural beauty. But nothing was done.
There was a lot of talk. A tri-state commis-
sion was appointed. Surveys were made. Com-
missions traveled up and down the river, In-
spected the Virginia and Maryland tribu-
taries. But nothing happened.
So for lack of planning, lack of action.
lack of money, the once full-bosomed, beau-
tiful Potomac has become an emaciated old
lady, her bones protruding, smelly, unkempt,
unsightly.
And water is short all over the capital of
the United States while the same govern-
ment which has neglected its own front
yard reaches for the moon.
The plight of the Potomac is not confined
to the capital alone. It Illustrates what is
happening all over the United States, from
New'York City where drinking water is still
not served in restaurants, to Chicago which
Is reaching further and further into Lake
Michigan for Its water.
Gradually at first, but now accelerating
rapidly as the population grows, water is be-
coming a problem. Yet the same ingenuity
used in reaching the moon would solve our
water problems.
There is an Illustration. Russia has re-
versed the direction of some of its great
rivers which flow into the barren Arctic
where they freeze and axe wasted. What a
communistic nation can do, presumably a
capitalistic nation can do-it it eschews
politics.
For less money than it takes to reach the
moon, the Missouri River could be diverted
westward at around Omaha and made to flow
through the parched plains of Nebraska,
Kansas and Texas instead of adding its vast
volume to the already brimful Mississippi.
What the nation needs, however, is a water
pollution czar Who can look ahead, make
plans, spend money, as the moon-shooters
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E 6242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks July 23, 1969
have done. Until that time, the city of Wash- tobacco for religious or moral reasons are
ington will be periodically starved for water usually also against the use of alcohol. This
as will other cities of this short-sighted is logical as both serve no useful purpose and
nation, can be classed together as temptations oil
ECONOMIC WARFARE AGAINST THE
SOUTH
HON. JOHN R. RARICK
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 23, 1969
Mr. RARICK..Mr. Speaker, it is most
heartening for a Southerner to note that
more and more people from other sec-
tions of the country are becoming sus-
picious of the intensified blasts against
the South. The American people are
seeing through the misrepresentations
against Southern products-tobacco,
cotton, rice, sugar, and even oil.
Many Americans now question whether
the economic warfare is directed against
the products or against the region-the
people, the culture, and self-sufficiency
of the South. They are remembering
statements made by those dedicated to
the overthrow of the United States in-
dicating that the South would be the
final bastion of religious and moral
strength and individual liberty in our
land. They are realizing there is an eco-
nomic war against the South.
Mr. Speaker, I insert Mr. Frank Ca-
pell's Herald of Freedom, Zarephath,
N.J., of July 15, 1969, entitled, "Eco-
nomic Warfare Against the South" fol-
lowing my comments :
ECONOMIC WARFARE AGAINST THE SOUTH
Television viewers have been subjected to
a scare campaign against the use of tobacco
which has been growing in intensity and
which on the surface would seem to be moti-
vated only by humanitarian concern for the
health of "our children." Another campaign
which had the same ostensible motivation
was the drive to "poison the wells" of our
nation by the fluoridation of central water
supplies. We have been told that the next
target for the fanatical guardians of our
health will be peanuts (another product of
the South), excessive eating of which they
will try to convince us is a cause of cancer,
that dread disease whose cause is still un-
known.
One of the guidelines which has proved
quite reliable for conservatives who wonder
about an issue which does not lend itself to
a "left" or "right" Interpretation is the man-
ner in which the matter Is treated in the
"liberal" press. When only one side is favor-
ably and constantly reported we can be
sure that it is important to the left-wing
planners' designs. Its immediate purpose
may seem fine, logical and ethical but, at
the risk of seeming "paranoid," we must
warn that things are not always what they
seem. In the case of the tobacco controversy
It has been pointed out that what is involved
is both a power grab and a blow at the South
where tobacco is Important to the welfare
of the people.
Although the youth of America is in far
more danger from the smoking of marihuana
and the use of LSD, heroin and other dan-
gerous drugs, the busy bureaucrats are try-
ing to "save" them from tobacco, While the
use of tobacco may not be desirable, and
those who oppose, it for moral or religious
reasons are honest and upright people, those
who are emotionally opposing it for "health"
reasons seem a bit too anxious to impose
their will. Those who are against the use of
the flesh to be avoided, but our anti-tobacco
bureaucrats and their do-gooder helpers
seem to have no concern over the hazards of
alcohol in their "Big-Brother" health
program.
When the tobacco industry was called a
"legal" industry, one Congressman went to
great lengths to point out that in many
states it is not legal for persons under a
certain age to smoke, thereby implying that
this casts doubt upon the "legality" of the to-
bacco industry. He did not bother to list the
other things which persons under certain
ages cannot do, among them vote and drive
a car as well as drink alcohol. All these
even go even further. Yet at the same time I
saw that they were all heavy smokers, in-
cluding the Surgeon General. As I sat there
we saw great layers of smoke arising from the
witness stand and going up to the ceiling.
In other words, they were saying in my-opin-
ion, 'Do not do as I do, but do as I say do.'
This was the Surgeon General of the United
States."
Hearings were held,before the Committee
on Interstate and Foreign Commerce of the
House of Representatives during the end of
April 1969 and on May 1. Out of these came
1420 pages of testimony which added no
further information supporting the Surgeon
General's Report of 1964 but which did pro-
duce information refuting it. A. funny thing
happened, however, the anti-tobacco forces
continued their propaganda and the testi-
mony which did not support their "cause"
too young, and after a certain a
longer applies to them. In firs
anti-tobacco forces there la #
at which we can esca
The Volstead Act a
dismal failure any
they cured, takiiu the alcohol I
from mat/ Industry and
the hands o gangsters and
People did kot stop drinking,
got their holic beverages
easies" anj from criminal soui
their own " h
mebrew" or "bat]
The wa
the tobaee Vey prohibited dri I
smoking as
"Prohibition
can public in
requiring the )Cigarette mant
print in a prominent spot on each package a
warning about throorrible things which will
happen if the p ective buyer is foolish
enough to go throug with the purchase, Big
Brother will see to it t at only a mentally ill
person would want to be eon possessing such
a dangerous weapon. An' of course, there
will be bigger and better ways of dealing
with persons who set such bad example
and are so incapable of takin the good ad-
vice Big Brother forces upon t em at every
turn of the radio or TV knob.
The warning approved by the House of
Representatives reads: "Warning: he Sur-
geon General has determined that garette
smoking is dangerous to your heal and
may cause lung cancer or other dis es."
The Federal Trade Commission has pro osed
the following: "Cigarette smoking is an-
gerous to health andmay cause death res It-
Ing from cancer, coronary heart dise se,
chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphyse Ia
and other diseases." Anyone who continc d
to smoke after reading the above would real y
have to be a-masochist.
The fact that no scientific evidence N-
ever been introduced to prove that cigaret
smoking actually causes any of the abo e
diseases, including the "and others," does ii t
seem to enter into the picture. All the f ax
peddling stems from a report, called the ir-
geon General's Report of 1964, which was
developed not by the time proven met od of
proved to be highly selective nd did not
cite much contradictory a rimental evi-
dence." (Congressional ford, 6/17/69, p.
H4894)
How seriously urgeon General took his
own as commented upon by Rep.
Carter on the floor of the House of Rep-
resentatives:
"You know, the Surgeon General appeared
before cur committee, and in my opinion he
is a real fine gentleman, and he had three
other distinguished advisors with him who
strongly supported legislation for labeling
cigarettes and I understand perhaps would
QUUUbs auOUL LIMO Uuilulu1 U11D rtaclswu ril
that report," the North Carolina Representa-
tive stated "Evidence reveals it is at
least as likely that constitutional factors
other than cigarette smoking are the cause of
lung cancer, heart disease, and emphysema.
Not a single witness for the anti-smoking
forces testified to any research which he him-
self had done, while 18 witnesses testified
that their own research cast serious doubts
on the theory that cigarettes cause disease,"
Preyer declared. "Actually, the experi-
mental and statistical evidence has seriously
undermined the conclusions of the 1964
report," he said.
Rep. Preyer went on to list seven "myths"
and accompanied them with the facts to
refute them. They were as follows:
1. Myth: "Every smoker is damaged by his
smoking,"
Fact: Most smokers suffer no impairment
or shortening of life. For example, the disease
most closely connected with smoking is lung
cancer, The lung cancer incidence among
smokers is 5/100 of 1%,,
2. Myth: "There is an epidemic of 'lung
cancer."
Fact: There has been a tremendous reduc-
tion in overall respiratory disease since 1900
when respiratory death rates were over five
times what they are today. It Is particularly,
misleading to say lung cancer is an "epi-
demic" in view of the declining rate of in-
crease (indicating that the incidence will
level off in the next few years).
3. Myth: "Cigarette smoking causes 300,000
premature deaths a year."
Fact: These claims have no basis in fact.
4. Myth: "Cigarette smoking turns the
lungs black," or "Doctors can tell cigarette
smoker's lung from a non-smoker's lung."
Fact: It is impossible to tell a smoker's
lung from a non-smoker's lung upon exam-
ination either grossly or microscopically.
5. Myth: "Heavy smoking will shorten your
life by 8 years."
Fact: This statement is based on a statisti-
cal study by Dr. Cuyler Hammond who has
refused to disclose the raw data In his stu-
dies so as to permit independent evaluation.
To the contrary, recent "twin studies"-
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