CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP73B00296R000300240016-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 9, 2001
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: March 29, 1971
• Content Type: OPEN

;
Approved For Release 2001/11/15 : CIA-RDP731300296R000300240016-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
sin would per-
it? rretionary al-
iO for a IT-
! !I ta-1 CC in those
? ? :loss ion is too small
hasis for corn-
!, rdlowance for the
esalercil
red lesislation, the
\illicit are at pies-
N' will be a ppli-
This will represent an
IF !wire rates for re-
fare the effect of in-
ner:, the range of the
lusher rates to the
,i its I vitiations
allowimees for trustees
, d, with this proposal,
ranee in which the
or are applicable
.iierease in the custodial
iumecessary for the
the duties of the re-
fairly compensate him
! increases would ripply
?v cases initiated subse-
, ,tstment of the proposed
? t.:11 was approved by the
of the United States
. ? sse r 1178 session
r. BURDICK:
? ? A bill to amend section 35 of
lc:. Act 01 U.S:C. 63) and
? c '1 and 634 of title 28, United
.!e, to permit full-time referees
.,0 efey to perform the duties of
4 o-trate. Referred to the Corn-
- -n 110 Judiciary.
ie. fit'IWIel{. Mr. President, I intro-
.if IC apprepriate reference, S. 1396,
t1 the Bankruptcy Act to permit
e referees in bankruptcy to per-
-i eir detics of a U.S. magistrate.
; :e Magistrate i Act, approved
r..er 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1107, provides
the approval of the Judicial
e.e.rence of the United States "a part-
esse referee in bankruptcy?may be ap-
e ted to serve as a part-time magis-
eve," rind authorizes the Conference to
? the arsregate amount of coinpensa-
i. to be received for performing the
s.ers of part-time magistrate and part-
t??,e re:eree in bankruptcy" 28 U.S.C,
414 ate however, does not authorize
fiel-tane referee in bankruptcy to per-
t'.n the duties of a part-time U.S. mag-
'r-te. In addition, section '35 of the
" edikruptcy Act, pertaining to qualifica-
ts :is for referees in bankruptcy, provides
In part that an individual shall not be
f g;ble for appointment as a referee
tal!e?,.1 he is "not holding any office of
mflt or emolument under the laws of
Mr United States or of any State or sub-
e:11,1nn thereof other than conciliation
centrals:dotter or special master under
tilt% title," Exceptions to this provision
are made only in the case of a part-time
referee in bankruptcy.
In the design and organization of the
new system of U.S. magistrates two clif-
f:C.11121es have arisen which would be
ameliorated in part if a full-time referee
in bankruptcy were authorized to per-
tone the duties of a U.S. magistrate.
First, there is the problem of a "back-
up" for a magistrate who ,is ill, or tem-
porarily away from his station on busi-
ness or vacation. Some courts have re-
quested authority to appoint a second
part-time Triarristrate at sonic locations
at a nominal salary to arraign defend-
ants and set bail in the absence of the
regular maeistrate?a function which a
full-time referee in bankruptcy might
well perform. Second, certain language
in the Magistrates Act and in the Bank-
ruptcy Act seems to prohibit a court from
combining a position of part-time ref-
eree in bankruptcy with a position of
part-time magistrate, in order that it
may have one full-time officer rather
than two part-thne officers. It is the view
of the Judicial Conference of the United
States and its Committees on Bank-
ruptcy Administration and the Imple-
mentation of the Federal Magistrates
Act that it would be in the interest of
good judicial administration to permit
full-time referees in bankruptcy to per-
form magistrate duties and to authorize
a full-time combination pQsition of ref-
eree in bankruptcy.
orirms
By Mr. CHURCH:
131. A bill to amend the U.S. In-
for a ion and Educational Exchange
Act of 1948 to impose restrictions on in-
formation activities outside the United'
States of Government agencies. Re-
ferred to the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations.
PROHIBITING THE UNITED STATES FROM ENGAG.
/NG IN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES FOR FOREIGN
G0VET444MENTS
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, last year
the Committee on Foreign Relations held
a series of hearings on the operation of
U.S. advisory and assistance programs
in Vietnam. The hearings revealed a
great deal concerning the nature and ex-
tent of our involvement in the internal
affairs of that country. Today, I wish to
discuss briefly one of the most insidious
of those programs and to introduce legis-
lation to cOrrect the underlying policy.
I refer to the propaganda services which,
our Government renders on behalf of
Vietnam.
Traditionally, American citizens have
viewed with great suspicion anything
that suggests the creation of an official
Government information agency. And
rightfully so. They realize that Govern-
ment information programs cannot be
divorced from political propaganda de-
? signed to serve partisan or personal pur-
poses. Germany's experience under
Goebbels lingers in the American mem-
, ory.
Yet in Vietnam the U.S. Information
A , which was created to promote
etter understanding of our country
abroad, is now engaged in a massive
canign, tigfrid eve1oiQ.LIJae nom.-
mithicEtion ar7;-WeErliqi Thieu Gov-
ernment to the people' o nam.
iTh-TrirrttitIVTATMTITi of radio, and news-
papers, magazines, and leaflets by the
tens of Millions, the USIA is teamed
up with military psychological warfare
specialists to inflict on the people of
Vietnam the kind of -official propaganda
system that we refuse to allow in our
own country. It is the ultimate corru0-
,
UI
S 3975.
tion ill a war which has for years now
eroded the moral sensibilities of our
Nation.
Our Vietnam polieynifil:ers under both
Presidents Johnson and frown have .as-
sured the American people that all we
seek for South Vietnam is the ? right of
"self-determination." But is "self-deter-
mination" really possible ae long as tile
United States spends millions of dollars .
hi promoting the interests of the govern-
ment in power in Vietnam, doing every-
thing possible to convince the Vietnamese -
people that the Thieu government is
their friend and protector? When the
Vietcong and North Vietnamese -view
the magnitude of the U.S. propaganda
and aid effort in Vietnam, there is little
Wonder that they are skeptical about
repeated promises of free elections.: I
think my colleagues are generally aware
of the importance of the mass media in
election campaigns. Doe: anyone believe
that opposition candidates, assuming
that genuine opposition candidates are
allowed, will be given penal time and
treatment on Vietnamese radio and
television or in the other US-financed
Information programs. when the basic
purpose of all these preerams has been
to win the Vietnamese people over to the
Thieu government's side.
It is all very well to coil for free and
open elections; it is an :appealing slogan.
But when it conies to specifics as to who
controls the campaign machinery, the
mass media, and the election process,
"free and open" is lit ely to look very
much like "government controlled." Lack
of credibility as to U.S. intentions has
always been a major oroblern in com-
municating with the other side. The con-
trast between what is said by our Gov-
.ernment concerning free elections and
what, we, in fact, do in promoting the in-
terests of President Thieu demonstrates
that the problem is far from being re-
solved. The United States should make it
clear to all concerned that it will take
a strictly neutral position in the coming
election in Vietnam. To do so it must
gear its activities to aiding the people,
not the government. One of the most
obvious ways to demonstrate neutrality
Is to cease assisting the Thieu govern-
ment on propaganda programs.
' Mr. President, since 1 was first elected
to the Senate, I have told the people of
Idaho that I would hot, support legisla-
tion which would authorize the Federal
Treasury to pay the Campaign expenses of
nationally elected officials. I do not feel
that the taxpayers of this Nation should
support my campaigns or the campaigns
of others for public office. I feel even more
strongly that our Nation's taxpayers
should not Provide support to foreign
political leaders in their attempts to gain
favor with their own people.
/ ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the RECORD following my re-
marks the transcript of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee hearing of March 19,
1970, concerning USIA operations in
Vietnam. Nowhere in that act is there
authority, direct or indirect, for any gov-
ernment agency to engage in a propa-
ganda coin tgri
1lLWn a foreign zovernment,ing,
the people, it governs. The simple feet' is
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ov?
- Approved F
that the U.S. Informat
assumed authority not
by the Congress.
I am introducing today a bill that will
correct some of the abuses revealed in
the hearing last year. The bill contains
two simple provisions:
First. .It prohibits the U.S. Informa-
tion Agency, or any other U.S. agency,
from assisting in the preparation or dis-
semination of information for a foreign
government: and
Second. It requires that the USIA
imprint, or the imprint of the appropri-
ate agency, appear on any publication
prepared for distribution abroad. The
testimony last year revealed that the
USIA has published a number of prop-
aganda booklets in English concerning
. Vietnam?but without any mark as to
their origin.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. AL-
LEN). Without objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit I.)
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the
Smith-Mundt Act, the basic statutory
authority for operation of the Govern-
ment's overeas information programs,
states that the objectives of the act are
"to enable the Government of the United
States to promote a better understanding
of the United States in other countries,
and to increase mutual understanding
between the people of the United States
and the people of other countries."
Mr. President, it is a sign of the times
that the hearing which revealed the ex-
tent of U.S.I.A.'s selling efforts in behalf
of the Thieu government failed to bring
any appreciable public reaction. Appar-
ently, the war has so numbed the Amer-.
lean conscience that it is incapable of
being shocked further over anything in-
volving Vietnam. One of the most tragic
aspects of the war is that we seem to have
lost our capacity for indignation and out-
rage over mill continued involvement in
8 lame-duck war which has never in-
volved our vital interests. The use of our
taxpayers' millions to package and sell
the Thieu government, like a bar of soap,
to its own people, is the ultimate hypoc-
risy. It should be stopped.
EXHIBIT 1
VIETNAM: POLICY AND PROSPECTS, 1070?U.S.
ASSISTANCE ON INFORMATION MA1TERS AND
U.S. PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PROPAGANDA OPERA-
TIONS, THURSDAY, MARCH 19, 1970
'110 CHAIRMAN. The next witness is Mr.
Edward J. Nickel.
Swearing in 01 witnesses
Mr. Nickel, in keeping with the procedure
followed in the, previous hearings involving
personnel brought back from Vietnam, in
order that I allow no partiality in this mat-
ter, I will ask you and your as.sociates who
may be called upon to testify to be sworn
at this point. Would you please stand and
raise your right hand.
Do you solemnly swear that the testimony
Which you are about to give will be, to the
, best of your knowledge, the truth, the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you-Clod?
Mr. NICKEL. I do.
Mr. OSBORNE. I do.
Mr. hays. I do.
Tile CHAIRMAN, You have a prepared state-
ment, I believe. Mr. Nickel? ,
Mr. Nicatlas I do, sir.
The CHAIRMAN, Would you proceed, please,
sir.
Jease
igency has
Irred on it
hiftte4.1diMkoFvelde1614pA.obS54100/itoo16-6
aupport and our production of media mate.
rials is reduce U. But, In the category 0;
printed materiel, the GVN In the near future
will not be ante to take over all of els e
present production. We believe this situ-
tion will be pertially offset when the rad:- ,
and television networks are completed and
when more Vietnamese Information Service
personnel have been trained in face-to-face
communication'techniques. We are plantar./
now to increase this type of training.
1,4,1 ,
TESTIMONY OF EDWARD T. NICKEL, DIRECTOR,
JOINT U.S. PUBLIC AFFAIRS orrIcse, SAIGON,
"' AND OTIS E. HAYS, OFFICE OF USIA ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR FOR EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC
Mr. NICKEL. Mr. Chairman, I would like
first to described briefly the office in Saigon
which I head, It is called the Joint U.S. Pub-
lic Affairs Office or JUSPAO. This Office,
which was established in 1905, Includes
American military and civilian personnel and
Its functions are:
To provide policy gnidance for all U.S.
psychological operations in Vietnam.
To provide media materials in support of
U.S. policy in Vietnam to the U.S. Informa-
tion Agency for use in third countries.
To perfom the normal USIS cultural and
Information mission.
To provide assistance to the Government
of the Republic of Vietnam (CIVN) to Im-
prove its public information programs.
Assistance provided by JUSPAO
I will confine my statement to a descrip-
tion Of this last funotlon. JUSPAO's efforts
in this regard can be grouped in four cate-
gories:
First, assistance in the construction and
operation of mass media commtmication
facilities including the national radio net-
work and the national television network.
Second, assistance in the improvement of
personnel, training, organization, method-
ology, and the equipping of the Ministry of
Information's field organization called the
Vietnamese Information Service (VIS).
Third, assistance in the production of in-
formation materials by the Government'a
mass media and by the Vietnamese Informa-
tion Service.
Fourth, assistance through joint planning
and joint production of information mate-
rials by JUSPAO and the Ministry of In-
formation to support the Government's pael-
fleation and development programs.
Additionally, Mr. Chairman, JUSPAO indi-
rectly influences the psychological warfare
activities of the Vietnamese Armed Forces
because we provide policy guidance for psy-
chological operations to the U.S. Military
Assistance Command (MACV) which assists
the Vietnamese Armed Forces in this field.
These categories of assistance cover a wide
range of cooperative efforts to which the
U.S. Government and the GVN contribute
staff, funds, and equipment. 'rho number of
personnel and the amounts of money con-
tributed. by each side have varied from year
to year. However, in the last year and a half
we in JUSPAO have begun to establish ter-
fallial dates for several assistance operations.
and to transfer greater responsibility for
others to the Government of Vietnam. This
process is related to the overall effort to re-
place tile U.S. contribution to the war efrart
with an increased Vietnamese contribution.
Reduction 01 JUSPAO contributions
JUSPAO is presently In the process of de-
fining specific reductions in its cbistributions
of personnel, money, and equipment. By
the end of the current fiscal year American
civilian positions will be reduced by 31 (from
132 to 101); America9 military positions by
11 (from 118 to 187); Vietnamese positions
by 42 (from 385 to 343); third-country na-
tionals by eight (from 12 to 4). As the GVN
absorbs more of our currently joint opera-
tions, more American positions will be elimi-
nated.
Our support in the information field should
be completely terminated by the middle of
1972. Sonic projects will be completed ear-
lier. For instance, the terminal date for the
television project ,is June 1971. Radio con-
struction will be completed in the spring of
1971. However, technical training needed to
operate the new radio network will require an 4
--additional year. ?
Our role increasingly will become more
and more an advisory one as our financial
For some time the GVN has lacked trained
and experienced personnel needed to mist&
effective information programs. Our trainin-
programs and .ropport have helped alleviat;
this problem to some degree. However, =int
of those trained have been drafted for mili-
tary service. Mass communications skills MI: I
continue to be in short supply in Soulb
Vietnam for S01116 time. .
1970 pacificati,,n and development program
Lately the CIVN has manifested an increas-
ing understandmg of the importance of de-
veloping better lines of communication with
the people, especially those in rural areal ;
The 1970 pacification and development pro.
gram expresses this awareness by making
the goal of establblilng an effective informa-
tion system one of its eight national ?bye.
? titres. The rea1123tion of that goal could make
an important contribution to successful cow-
munication between the Government and the
governed.
Other objectIses of the 1970 plan are de.
signed to encourage increased participation
by citizens in the governmental process and
to encourage local initiative.
Among the substantive programs of the
plan are land reform; elections at the local
provincial, and national levels; recruitment
of citizens in local militia forces with arms
provided by the Government; and Govern.
ment grants of village self-help funds to be
used for development projects the villagers
themselves desire. A large part of the GVN
Information effort in 1970 and U.S. support
for it is being eevoted to publicizing these
programs and encouraging the South Viet-
namese citizens ;;o participate in thein.
I would like to describe some Of our assist
ance projects aid to indicate our plans for
reducing them IS the GVN assumes increas.
lag responsibility for them.
U.S. ossistance In radio
Between the years 1952 and MIL the Us.
financed the puiebaso of low- and medium'
power radio transmitters to help the GVN to
set up stations to various parts of the Coon'
try or to Increase the signal strength of
existing station? The cost to the Untied
States of this .equipment was about ill
million. Australia contributed a high-powered
station through the Colombo plan.
However, the eellection of stations WM
never quite a retwork and its range was
still inadequate. its the pace of the wnr
stepped up 5 year; ago, the United States
began a project ,inied at providing the GO
with all integra tea radio network callable
of reaching 95 perrent of Vietnam's popula?
Lion, rather tithei the .95 percent possibly
reachable with '.arying quality signals and
programing thro,igii the then existing group
of stations. Feasibility studies were followed
by preconstruction architectural and engi.
fleeting studies. These were almost com-
pleted when the 19,18 Tet attacks took place
In those attack:. transmitters at Hue and
'Ban Me Thing, v.,.,re badly damaged as were
studios and oth,r installations in Saigon
and Qui N hon.
As a result of those attacks, the United
States and GVN iii-eideci against construct'
lag a 12-station network in favor of a net-
work of four stat ions of highel power. This
change was dictated by security and matt'
power considerations. It was felt it would
be easter to protect lour installations than 12,
and also to staff them. The coverage of the
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Xiarch `29, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENA'lli
pi-ambition would be the same in either
ense?more than 05 percent.
That four-station network is now being
built and will be complete 1 year from now
A cost of SPproximately $6.8 million in
at
U.S. funds. Technical training for operation
And maintenance of the new network will
continue for 1 year after construction is com-
pleted.
An additional sum equivalent to about $1
million in GVN-owned but jointly controlled
counterpart funds is being used in the proj-
ect.
The rest of the GVN contribution to this
rect one, largely in the form
project is an Mtn
of its budget for radio operations, includ-
ing the salaries of a staff of 464 personnel. In
itatti, that budget was the equivalent of
Shout. $750,000. This !Igor? has increased
steadily in the past 5 years. This year the
budget is the equivalent of about $1.7 mil-
"NIL
We believe the quality of programing has
improved during that period. More and more
the GVN officials concerned with radio have
become aware of the concept of providing a
wilco to the people. This has resulted In in-
creased use of radio broadcasting to engender
participation by the people in Government
programs ranging from land reform and im-
proved agriculture to self-defense.
U.S. assistance in ielevision
In 1066 the United States agreed to In-
etnil a four-station television network In
Vietnam. The ?GVN was committed to fur-
nishing land, buildings, staff and an op-
erating budget.
Telecasting initially was for 1 hour night-
ly to the Saigon area from an airborne trans-
mitter. Now ground stations in Saigon, Hue
end Can Tho are on the air an average of 4
hours nightly. Between Saigon and Hue an
airborne transmitter provides coverage for
the coastal area, By early 1971, a fourth
round station?at Qtiti Nhon?will have re-
placed the sir operation.
The U.S. cost will total about $8.0 Million
when we phase out of the operation by
July 1, 1071. GVN counterpart funds amount-
ing to the equivalent of about $2 million
pale for land and building costs. In addition,.
the romnal operating budget of GNV televi-
non has risen froni the equivalent of about.
$400,000 including salaries of 17 employees in
1966 to More than double that amount in.
chiding salaries of 139 employees in the
current year.
The CHAIRMAN. Could I ask for a point of
Information? Do the GVN counterpart funds
arise from American imports?
Mr, Nicicsis In the original Instance; yes,
sir.
Time CHAIRMAN. Is there any real distinc-
tion in their impact upon American costa
between GVN counterpart funds and $1
Mr. NICKEL. The difference, of course, air,
would be that they are not directly appro.
printed funds,
The Ciiniamars. No; but the total cost
really is American; is it not? It Is not GVN.
It is American costs expressed in two differ-
ent ways,
Mr. Moans It would be derived from the
commercial import program.
The CHAIRMAN. OK.
Mr. Nicast. A rigorous program of train-
ing in the difficult TV skills is being carried
Dill. under contract by the National Broad-
casting Co., International. Most of the train-
ing is on vite in Vietnam. However, six en-
cinders who will constitute the GVN super-
thin engineering staff are being trained in
the RCA Institute in New York.
We estimate there are now 300,000 TV re-
ceivers In Vietnam, with a viewing audience
et about 2 million. Many sets are outside the
roles in the heavily populated flat delta
region where the signal Is particularly good.
Of the programs presented by the GVN'a
TV network, less than 10 percent are Ms
.1
ported, Ninety percent of the programing Is
locally produced, either live or on film or
tape. As with radio, the television medium is
used extensively to explain GVN programs
? to the people. last September the GVN be-
gan a weekly program caned "The People
Want to Know," during which officials and
' other leaders are interviewed by journalists
In the f6rmat of "Meet the Press."
MS. assistance to Vietnamese Information
Service
&major part of our assistance is directed
to the operation of the Vietnamese Informa-
tion Service. This is the field arm of the
Ministry of Information, with officer staffs
at corps headquarters cities and In all prov-
bleen and districts of the country. Starting
this year, the Ministry began an intensive
training program for additional personnel at
the village and hamlet levels. As these new
lower level personnel are trained, they are
now being placed sander the operational con-
trol of the village and hamlet chiefs with
program support coming from district and
provincial VIS offices. ?
The job of the VIS is to use a wide range
.of information amd psychological techniques
to. support GVN programs as prescribed in
guidances from the Ministry in Saigon. The
techniques include the publication of dis-
trict newsletters and province newspapers,
leaflets and palters; the relaying of news and
commentaries and the playing of prerecorded
.tapes over loudspeaker systems in village and
hamlet centers; the showing of motion pic-
tures; visits to families in villages and ham-
lets to discuss GVN programs affecting them;
...the distribution of national magazines and
other Materials received from the Ministry
and JUSPAO; and the sponsoring with other
local officials of campaigns, public meetings,
exhibits and artistic and cultural
presentations.
From fiscal year 1955 through 1967, the
United States contributed rm average of
$497,000 in dollar funds annually to equip the
VIS with audiovisual equipment, the vehi-
cles, the office machines, and other materials
, necessary to Garry out these programs. In
the succeeding 3 years the dollar expenditure
for this program has been $187,000 in 1908,
$85,000 in 1969, and $60,000 In the current
year. In the last 2 years we have gradually
transferred to the GVN full responsibility
' for maintenance and replacement costs for
this equipment as well as for the operation
of repair centers.
During the same period, an average of the
equivalent of $200,000 annually was used for
the VIS from GVN counterpart funds. We do
?
not have adequate figures for the GVN's
budget for the VIS prior to 1964. However,
? from that year to the present the budget has
. averaged about the equivalent of $6.4 mil-
lion annually through 1970. The 1970 budget
Is about the equivalent of $15 million, a sub-
stantial increase over previous years.
The CHAIRMAN. What caused that?
Mr. Morse:is To a large extent, sir, an in-
crease in personnel, but there was also a real ?
increase in operations. There was a large '
Increase in local personnel with the improve-
ment of hamlet and village information pro-
grams,
U.S. Contact With VIS
Contact with the VIS Is maintained both
in the field and in Saigon. In the capital it
is the function or several elements of JUS-
PAO. In the field it is carried out by 81
American civilian and military advisers lo-'
cated in 34 of the 44 Provinces. These ad-
visors are detailed to the U.S. Military As-
sistance Command CORDS program and are
under the operational control of the Prov-
ince senior arWisers at the Province level
and the U.S. Command elements at the vari-
ous corps headquarters. Just as the VIS
chief is required to participate with the
province chief and other GVN officials In
planning andoperating GVN programs, so
S 39`i
our CORDS psychelogisal operations staff
perform a similar fund t ion within the U.S.
province team. The pro, ming of edifice and
mipport to the provincial VIS operation is
the principal duty or I lu se American
pay-
ehoLgictal operations prrsonnel.
Thus, the American structure for informa-
tion operations parallel in broad outline
that of the OVN, permitting a degree of co-
ordination at all levels
Efforts' to Improne Epieicncy of VIS
The efficiency of the VP; varies from place
to place. Where key official': are dedicated and
competent, operations are generally effective.
And there are it numbef o: these. Where they
are inot well motivated and energetic, the
programs stiffer. And there are some of these
also. In the past year. two new approaches
have been undertaken tiy the Ministry of
Information with our soperation to try to
improve the efficiency af the VIS. These are
the, planning of a cosimehensive series of
training courses for various levels of VIS
personnel rind the regolar holding of joint
meetings of Saigon anti field personnel,
visually on a corps area basis. We believe these
two measures have heti and will continue to
have a good effect on the VIS operation.
During the current year, we will use the
emilvalent in counts, part funds of about
$63,000 to support the training program. We
are also providing tfie assistance of one
American adviser to help develop course ma-
terials
JUSPAO' s Liaison With. Ministry IV
? In/ormai ion
JUSPAO's liaison with the Ministry Itself
takes many forms. Al the top, I meet fre-
quently with the Minister and his senior staff.
At the planning level, JUSPAO policy officers
meet daily With Ministry officials to plan joint
campaigns, instructions, and guidances to
media producers and to Reid personnel. On
the media production side, our writers and
editors work together in the publication of
magazines, pamphlet., posters, loudspeaker
tapes, and radio prosrains.
I have tried, Mr. Chiiirrnan, to describe here
the evolution of son's. of the current major
;programs we are conducting to assist the
GVN in the information and psycheilogical
fields, In the expansion of these programs
?over the years, the American contribution has
been substantial. So has the Vietnamese con-
tribution, In the past 2 years, a considerable
portion of the load the United States was
carrying has been shifted to the GVN. We
plan to continue moving in that direction.
Thank you, sir; that it the end of my state-
ment.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Nickel.
How long have you been in charge of this
program, Mr. Nickel?
Mr. NICKEL. Two rtars, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you live in Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. I do, sit.
Magnitude of USIA rffort in South Vietnam
The CHAIRMAN. I believe you said there
were 132 Americans under your Immediate
direction; in that correct?
Mr. NICKEL. We are reducing this year, sir,
by 31 positions from 132 American positions
to 101 American positions.
The CHAIRMAN. Is that in the office in
Saigon or how extemsive,is this?
Mr. NICKEL. Those are civilian USIA officers,
some serving in Salem and some in the Pro-
vinces. I should add that we also have Ameri-
can military personnel serving with JUSPAO,
sir.
The Cnantivists. Y4 ,11 mentioned that in the
Provinces you have limitary advisers who aro
Americans. Is that right?
Mr. Nicitzt,. We hive some civilian advisers
in the provinces but the bulk of them are
military, sir,
The CHAIRMAN. To get some idea of the
magnitude of the effort, take the present
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fiscal year of 1970. Ts It correct to say that the
civilian positions are 132 or 101?
Mr. NICKEL. 101 civilian positions, sir..
The CHAIRMAN. That is in the current year.
Mr. NICKEL. Fiscal year 1070.
The CIIAIRMAN. HOW many of these military
advisers are assigned to this work?
Mr. NICKEL. We have 107 military spaces in
JUSPAO, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. 208 is the total American
personnel?
Mr. NicKm. 208 is the figure, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. What is the size of the
budget for the USIA operation in Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL, The USIA budget for Vietnam;
sir, is $6.4 million.
The CHAIRMAN. Is that for the year of 1970?
Mr. NICKEL. For fiscal year 1970; yes, sir.
The'Cusiitsassf. Does that include construc-
tion or is that only support of the personnel?
Mr. NICKEL. That is the USIA component
of the budget, sir. Construction would be
funded by an AID component of our budget.
I will give you these add-ons. We also have
$2,4 million funded by AID and $2.1 million
.funded by the Department of Defense, to
make a total budget available to me for
,JTJSPAO'S operations of $10.9 million.
The CHAIRMAN. Would that include the pay
of the military men to whom you referred?
Mr. NICKEL. It does not include military
salaries. However, it does include USIA civil-
ian salaries.
The CHAIRMAN. The military salaries would
be in addition then?
Mr. NICKEL. They would be in addition, sir.
. The CHAIRMAN. Do you have any estimate
of what that would cost?
Mr, NICKEL. I have no estimate, but I could
furnish it for the record.
(Tile information referred to follows:)
Pay and allowances of military in JUSPAO
(The military pay and allowances, as re-
ported by the four Military Services whose
personnel are involved, amount to $1.2 mil-
lion.)
The CHAIRMAN. What I am trying to get
and what we are interested in is the total
cost of this overall operation. It is the usual
basic material that we would like to have.
Mr. NICKEL. I Could furnish the informa-
tion about military pay, sir.
Military personnel working in propaganda
field -
The CIIAIRMAN. Do these personnel figures
Include the personnel in the military units
not associated with USIA who work in the
field of propaganda?
Mr. NICKEL. They do not, sir.
The 'CHAIRMAN. Do you know , how many
people are in that?
Mr. NICKEL, May I furnish that, sir. I' have
it, but I cannot put my hands on it.
The CHAIRMAN, Yes; you can ?furnish it.
Could 'you give a rough estimate that you
can correct later?
Mr. NICKEL. Sir, I now have the informa-
tion. In 1970 there are 761 U.S. military
psyops filed personnel and 50 serving on staff
or as advisers to the Vietnamese, for a total
of 811.
The CHAIRMAN. That is very much larger
than your own operation; Is it not? .
Mr. kbeleyi.. That is right, sir.
Mission of Juspao
The CHAIRMAN. This brings, up a further
question. What do you consider to be the
mission of your operation? What are you try-
ing to accomplish?
Mr. NICKEL. My priricipal mission, sir, is to
assist the Vietnamese Government in devel-
oping and conducting an effective program of
? communications.
The CHAIRMAN. Your mission is to assist
the Vietnamese Government to create a sys-
tem of communications? It that it?
Mr. Nicitsii,. To assist the Vietnamese Gov-
ernment in developing a means of communi-
cating with the electorate and to provide
technical and professional advice.
2ti`thYMI:ktIAt-060Lhi3-tiogeliba6300240016-ej ren 29, 1 9 a A
The CHAIRMAN. What leads You to believe ministry of information I Would also sug-
gest that in Vietnam, as in Many other de-
veloping societies, th, re do not exist any
strong commercial or nongovernmental
media.
The CHAIRMAN, Mr. NICKEL, I am quite
aware that it is not unique. In every dictator..
ship I know of they have a ministry of in-
formation just like this. But we are told,
on the one hand, thai lee are seeking to es-
tablish the government of self-determination
and this leaves the impression we are racking
to establish a demise' as ic System there.
I quite agree with you that information
agencies are typical. They were typical of
Hitler's Germany and typical of nearly every
dictatorship and authoritarian government I
know of, but I would not have thought we
would be a party to helping construct such
a governmental apparstus.
Mr. NICKEL, Are ther not also some regimes
we regard as being democratic that have
ministries of informal ion?
The CHAIRMAN: Whit, for example, would
be one from your point of view?
Mr. NICKEL. If I am not mistaken, is there
not a French Ministry of Information?
The CHAIRMAN. I wouid not know. Is there
one in Sweden, whits is a country that I
think has achieved a high degree of democ-
racy or self-determination if you like, or Eng-
land? I do not recall that in England they
have a minister of information whose job
it is to sell 'the peopl.e of England upon the
merits and virtues of that Government, I do
not recall ever having hoard of it. France has
recently gone through a rather unusual
evolutionary period, almost revolutionary.
under De Gaulle, of emrse, and France may
be an example. I would not want to say for
sure. I do not know that
GVN closing of private newspapers
that the purpose of ou,r Government in es-
tablishing the USIA was to create an agency
to create a. means of communication for a
foreign government?
Mr. NICKEL. I would answer that Mr. Chair-
man, by stating that my operations are re-
sponsive to the instructions and directions
I receive from the Director of the U.S. In-
formation Agency and from the American
Ambassador ill Sitigon.
The CHAntmsis. Then you Would charac-
terize your mission to be to carry out orders.
Is that the right way to put it?
Mr. NICKEL. In my position; yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You have no idea what the
real mission of this operation Is other than
to carry out orders?
Mr. NICKEL. I know what my instructions
are.
Authorization of Joint U.S. Public Affairs
Office Mission Questioned
The CHAIRMAN. This is a matter. I think,
of considerable interest. Let me refer to sec-
tion 2 of the basic legislation creating this
operation: s.
"The Congress hereby declares that the ob..
jectives of this Act are to enable the Govern-
ment of the United States to promote a
better understanding of the United States
in other countries and to increase mutual
understanding between the people of the
United States and the people of other coun-
tries."
Do you think that language authorizes
USIA to create for another country a sys-
tem of communications for that government
and its people?
Mr. NICKEL. My organization, the Joint
U.S. Public Affairs Office, Mr. Chairman, was
established in 1965 by order of the President.
I would suggest that any justification of the
suitability of the mission we are performing
is something that should be addressed to the
people to whom I report. I would be very
, happy to address this problem to them.
The CHAIRMAN. I think it would be very
interesting if you would. You say It was
created by Executive order. It was not cre,ated
by statute. There is no statute law authoriz-
ing you to do what you are doing: is there?
Mr. NICKEL. I said that the U.S. Public,
Affairs Office was created as a result of Presi-
dential directive.
The CHAIRMAN. Yes. And in pursuance of
that action you have been directed by your
superiors to do what you are doing. So you
would not wish to undertake to say what tills
whole operation is intended to accomplish
for the people of the United States; would
you?
Mr. NICKEL. I believe I said earlier, sir, that
my mission in Vietnam was in large measure
to assist the Vietnamese Government in de-
veloping and improving its means of com-
municating with its people.
Establishment of M i7liS try 0/ Information
questioned
The CHAIRMAN. It OCellre to inc that in this
country there has always been not only a
great reluctance, but aversion, to the croa- The Caturcanx. Coming_ back to a more
tion of a ministry of information in our pedestrian subject of the costs, could you
Government to Inform our own people. Is tell me what is the average pay of the
that not so? American employees or USIA in Saigon?
Mr. Meier:L. That Is correct, sir. Mr. NICKEL. Tim average pay for a USIA
The CHAIRMAN. Does tile law not speclfl- employee with JUSPAO, sir, including al-
lowances, minus 11015 ng, would be about
$28,900.
'1'110 CHAIRMAN. What is the total cost to
the Government of the United States for
those employees. in, liming everything? Do
they furnish 11005111 -?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, h,atsIng Is furnished, sir.
I am tillable to break out that figure for an
individual. Do you went the total cost?
Th0 CIIAIRAIAN. Perhaps if you could tell
mo' your own. What is your pay and what
do your allowances amount to? You are the
Director?
Mr: NICKEL. That is right, sir.
How many private newspapers have been
closed by the Government of Vietnam during
the past year?
Mr. NICKEL. I could not give you the num-
ber, sir.
The Ciimasists. There have been several.
Mr. NICKEL. There hava been several clos-
ings.
The Cnstam.sts. You say there is not a
heavily developed prisale sector. It is largely
because that Goverriou nt is so sensitive to
criticism that they clo-,e the private news-
papers whenever the:' criticize the Govern-
ment. Is that not a fru t?
Mr, NICKEL. There has e been some closings;
yes, sir. ?
The CHAIRMAN. Do you eVer feel a bit un-
comfortable in being alined with a govern-
ment which is so clearly an authoritarian
government or do you feel perfectly com-
fortable in your relailonship with that Roy-
eminent?
Mr. NICKEL. I have lio problems in perform-
ing my job.
Th0 CHAIRMAN. YOU have no problems.
You feel perfectly al home?
Nielevi,. Yes, Sir.
USIA pay and allowaincs in South Vietnam
catty forbid the USIA to indoctrinate or
brainwash, or whatever you want Lq call it,
the American people? Is that not so?
Mr. Nicasis Clearly, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Are you not creating in
Vietnam just such All information agency?
The way you describe here what you have
done and are in the process of doing, it is to
create In Vietnam an agency to enable that
Government to control its people through
this device which we ourselves abhor in this
country? How does this seem to you to be
consistent with our own views?
Mr. Nicata.. I would suggest, Mr. Chairman,
that Vlothsm Is not unique in possessing a
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The CHAIRmAN.'What. Is your total? What 'rho CHAIRMAN. IS that information no
is the total cost to the Federal Government? available?
Mr. NICKEL. The combination of my salary Mr. ?snorts/E. It can be made available.
Anil allowances, again making 110 provision I do not have it available.
'rho CHAIRMAN. Would you supply it for
the record?
Mr. ?summit. Yes, sir.
(The information referred to follows)
ter my housing, Is s45s473.
The CHAIRMAN, ring housing?
Mr. NICKEL. II011s1 11 g ?
The CHAIRMAN. Do they furnish you with
Ionise?
Mr. Nicker,. I ion furnished with housing,
The Ciimanoms. What would be the rea-
ssinble cost of the hoose that is paid for
the Federal Government?
Mr. NICKEL. That is right, the house is
paid for by the Federal Government.
The CHAIRMAN. How IIII1Ch is that? You
(lurid to know that.
? Mr, NICKEL. Let me see if I have that, sir.
The CnAmmArs, You have been there for
a years. You have no idea what that would
Se?
isft. NICKEL. My house, sir, is a U.S. Gov-
rrnment house.
The 'CHAIRMAN. Is IL a good house?
Mr. NICKEL. It is -comfortable, sir,
' The CHAnimAN. Was it one that the Gov-
ernment built or is it an old villa?
Mr. NICKEL. It was there. It is a U.S. Gov-
ernment-owned house.
The CHAIRMAN. How many houses does the
us. Government own in Saigon? Do you
know?
Mr. NICKEL, I do not know that ansvier, sir.
The CHArnmAN. Is it several?
Mr, NICKEL. It is more than several.
The CriArrimAN, It is more than several.
Then I would estimate your total cost
would be somewhat in the neighborhood Of
it least $50,000.
Mr. NICKEL. That would seem right, sir.
The CirAntmAN. Are you furnished an auto-
mobile?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Are USIA officials In Sal-
pm given special pay equivalent to combat
pAy for military people?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir. We receive a differen-
tial.
The CHAIRMAN. What does it amount to?:
la it 25 percent?
Mr. NICKEL. Twenty-five percent.
US. communications assistance to other
countries
The CHAIRMAN. If our Government decides
tint It is proper to furnish assistance in the
building of a propaganda operation for Viet-
nam, how does it decide in which country
to do tills? Is this the only country in which
re have done this?
Mr. NICKEL. Specifically have done what,
Ms Chairman?
The CHAIRMAN. Have we created a com-
munications system which enables the gov-
ernment to, as you say, communicate with
its citizens? Have we done it in Thailand?
Are we doing It or have We done it in Thai-
land? Does the USIA have a comparable
eperation in Thailand, may be not on as
Iwoa scale but a lesser scale? ?
Mr. NICKEL. Certainly, as you say, not
comparable in order of magnitude,
The CHAIRMAN. Do we have a similar op-
eration?
Mr, NICKEL. I am not?I personally am not
Alrare that?
The CHAIRMAN. Are any of your asso-
ciates?
' Mr. NICKEL. I arn not aware and I do not
think my associates are aware that we are
d sits any such thing as building a TV net-
wsrk or building a radio network. I cannot
Newspapers suspended by GVN front 1968
tldough March 23, 1970
During 1968 the Government of Viet-Nom
indefinitely suspended six newspapers. Six-
teen others were temporarily suspended, for
an average of 35 days per suspension.
During 1969 through March 23, 1070, the
GVN indefinitely suspended 12 newspapers.
An additional 14 received temporary suspen-
sions ranging from a few days to almost 11
months, for an average of 46 days per sus-
pension.
The CHAIRMAN. I 1101.,1Ce in the paper every
now and then there is a notice that X paper
has been closed by the government. I simply
have not made a counting of it, but I am
under the impression there have been sev-
eral.
Mr. NICKEL. I will supply it, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Of course the government
controls the supply of newsprint and it is
no problem for them simply to cut off the
newsprint if they wish to Close a newspaper.
Is that so?
Mr. Simms Yes.
USIA analysis of South Vietnamese public
attitudes
The CHAIRMAN. Does the USIA, Mr. Nickel,
or any other agency attempt to analyze
Vietnamese public attitudes periodically?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, AM
The CHAmmAN. Have polls been taken?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir; polls have been taken.
The CHAIRMAN. How is this done? It is done
by you directly or by contract?
Mr. NICKEL. By contract, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. What organization has
done it?
Mr. NICKEL. May I answer that, Mr. Chair-
man, by saying that I have been informed
that you have written the Director of the U.S.
Information Agency asking for information
about our polling in Vietnam, that this is
now under consideration, and that I would
prefer to have the information come to you
through that channel.
? The CHAIRMAN. I wrote that letter partly
to give you notice that this is a matter in
which we are interested. I hoped that you
would be prepared to answer it this morning.
Are you saying that this is a matter that
affects our seaurity and that you do not
wish to testify in open session on it? "
? Mr, NICKEL. I prefer not to go beyond
stating, sir, that we do engage in polling in
Vietnam, as in some other countries.
Witness' instructions concerning testimony
about polling
The CHAIRMAN. Have you been instructed
to state to the committee that you will not
testify in open session on this matter?
Mr. NICKEL. I am not able to discuss the
polling in open hearing, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Have you been instructed
not to respond to questions about polling?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Who instructed you, sir?
Did Mr. Shakespeare tell you not to answer
such questions? If not, who did?
Mr. NICKEL. I have been instructed by my
principal.
May I have Just one moment, sir?
a sail( more directly to the specific programs, The CHAIRMAN. Certainly. You confer with
yOUT lawyer if you like.
? Newspapers closed by GVN Mr. NICKEL. In answer to your. question, sir,
The CHAIRMAN. Before I leave that, you I have been instructed by the director of Day
nid you did not know how many news-, agency..
topers Do either of your associates know The CHAIRMAN. kr. Shakespeare has iii-,
Lsw many newspapers the government a structed on this?
&seen has closed in the last few years? ? Mr. Nimszr... Yes, sir.
Mr. HATS. No, air, ?The CHAIRMAN. What grounds did he give
93o1NPAN9a111991Arql
ti reply this
question?
Mr. Mc:Kers This rpicwf.n is tinder con-
sideration as to the ponsila sersurity ele-
ments involved,
The CHAIRMAN. Possible ? semi ty Involved.
You heard the prey10,113 v-itorw;, Coogres8.
ma n McCI oskey ; did you no 7
Mr. NICKLI.. I did, sir.
The CIIATRmA N. You realt.1,t that thin
11118 SOME RU lb or ty ii the au thoriza-
Lino of tile funds for your al,,ny; do you not?
Mr. NrcicErs I am very wtsi aware .of .that.
The CHAIRMAN. We normsily expect people
in USIA to respond to rocritons about Choir
operations if they expect t ois committee to
authorize any funds for the agency. You real-
ize that; do you not?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Dees ME. kespes re real-
ize that?
Mr. norm- I cannot spe Lk for Mr. Shake-
speare, sir,
The CHAIRMAN. I want to :nuke It clear that
I do not accept your reason for refusing to
answer. It is a perfectly les i Ornate question:
Yo.0 are engaged in an actisity Which Is very
dubious in its authority solder an executive
order, in any case, and I think that you
should be very careful in r -?Dising to answer
questions about these opeostions.
I would like to know ho?v much you paid.
for example, for a contract to take a poll in
Vietnam and see how it compares to polls in
this country. Would you he willing to say
how much you paid for th?? poll?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not believe I am able to,
sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Who I:W:3 the gentleman
who advised you not to ans.ver? Was he sworn
. also?
? Mr. NICKEL. The gentle] can with whom I
just talked did not advise mo not to answer.
The CHAIRMAN, lie did not?
Mr. NICKEL. I wanted to check something
. with him. He is the General Counsel of the
U.S. Information Agency.
The CHAIRMAN. 'He did net advise you as
to your instructions.
It is very unusual. I did not expect you to
refuse to answer these questions. One reason
Why I sent the, letter inquiring about these
Matters was, as I say, to air rt the Agency that
We are interested in the poll.
When was the latest poll taken? Will you
refuse to answer that?
Mr, NICKEL. I find myself unable to answer
it, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. You mean by saying "un-
able" that you do not know?
Mr. NICKEL: No, sir,
The CHAIRMAN, Do either of your associ-
ates know when the latest lion was taken?
Mr. NICKEL. I believe, sir, that they are
bound by the same instrustions.
Witness' instructions concerning subfeet. o/
polling
The CHArnmArs, I asked smut if you were in-
structed to tell it. There is a difference be-
tween your answer if yell know, and are
instructed not to tell and if you do not
know. I want to make th.i answer clear. On
what grounds are you ref Asing to srty when
the latest poll was taken"
Mr. NICKEL, I run uncle - isstructions, sir,
not to discuss this subject.
The CHAIRMAN. Then you do know when it
was, but you are under ostructions not to
discuss the subject. You WO in effect tak-
ing the equivalent of the Firth Amendment;
Is that correct?
? Mr. NICKEL, NO,
The CHAIRMAN. Why is that not correct?
You do not consider that the USIA is a sensi-
tive undertaking similar to the CIA; do you?
Mr. NrcKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Usually your activities are
Open and above board; arc they not?
. Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. YOU are not authorized to
engage in covert operations; are you?
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Mr. NICKEL, o, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Would you be willing to
answer this kind of question? What was the
poll about? Did it ask about the attitude of
the local citizens toward Americans?
Mr. NICKEL. I find, sir, in line with my hi-
, structions, that I am unable to discuss the
subject of polling.
The CHAIRMAN. You would not discuss as
to whether or not the poll involved the ques-
, tion of the extent of the support of the
Vietnamese people for the Thieu govern-
ment?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not believe, sir, in line
with my instructions, that I am able to'
respond.
The CismativrAN. I may say before I leave
this subject, this is very unsatisfactory. I
regret very much, and I hope you will tell
your superior, Mr. Shakespeare, that, speak-
ing for myself, I very much regret this atti-
tude. This committee is entitled to know
what the poll cost, what it asked, and what
the results were.
This is not a document, it seems to me,
that comes under executive privilege. It has
nothing whatever to do with the President
directly. I mean it is not a confidential docu-
ment, It is a matter that is paid for by the
public funds of the Government, and the
committee is entitled to actually have the
poll, in my opinion, and we shall ask for it.
I regret he gave you such instructions.
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In doing all of that, do you still say you do
not know whether anything was put out on
the Chau case?
Mr. NICKEL. If I may offer a brief explana-
tion, sir, our relationship with the Ministry
would deal with things like support of the
pacification program, but Would not consist
of liaison in terms of tactical matters. We
have never had occasion to discuss the Chau
case with anyone in the Ministry.
The CHAIRMAN. Did our advisers or did you
advise against the public attacks on Chau by
the Government media?
Mr. NICKEL. I have never personally been
involved in the Chau case in any way, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Did any of your employees
under your direction give any advice what-
ever about the Chau case?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not believe so, sir. Again,
I wish to state that I myself was absent from
Saigon during most of this period, but I be-
lieve that they did not.
Kinds of advice given to GVN by JUSPAO
The CHAIRMAN. Does the Minister of In-
formation in Saigon ever ask your advice
about the formulation of his Government's
public position on major issues?
Mr. NICKEL. My discussions with the Minis-
ter in line with my own responsibilities, sir,
are concerned more with the operations of
the Vietnamese Information Service program
than with substance.
The CHAIRMAN. Then are you saying you do
not give him advice about substantive meas-
ures; is that right?
Mr. Nicitet. My advice is primarily opera-
tional.
The CHAIRMAN. IS it exclusively?
Mr. NICKEL.. No. We might, for example,
Mr. Chairman, discuss how best to promote
or to conduct Information campaigns In sup-
port of the People's Self-Defense Force, and
matters like that which fall within the paci-
fication and development program.
I think I should point out that I am not
responsible. Mr. Chairman, for our press
operation in Vietnam. That responsibility
falls to a colleague of mine who is the special
assistant for press affairs to the Ambaseador.
As the director of .TUSPAO I do not speak
for the Embassy on press affairs.
The CHAIRMAN. What is his name?
Mr. NICKEL. Mr. Newman.
The CHAIRMAN. Is he in Saigon now?
Mr. NICKEL. He is in Saigon, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Have you discussed with
the Information Minister the South Vietnam-
ese refusal to attend the opening of the ex-
panded Paris talks? -
Mr. NICKEL. I did not, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Did you discuss with him
what the official reaction to the death of
Ho Chi Minh would be?
Mr. NICKEL. We had some discussion with
the Ministry of Information about this mat-
ter; yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. What was your advice to
them with regard to how to treat the death
of Ho Chi Minh?
Mr, Meant. We agreed, sir, that a maxi-
mum effort should be inado to inform the
enemy forces in Vietnam of Ho's death. We
also agreed that our treatment should be
straight information. and that there should
not be any exultation in our output to the
enemy forces.
Advice concerning impact of GNV policy
on United States
Time CHAIRMAN. Do you or any of your of-
ficials ever advise President Thieu or other
GVN /Michas on the potential impact in other
countries of policy matters, particularly
about the potential impact iii the United
States of GVN policleh?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not advise Vietnamese
officials about the impact on the United
States or the impact on American public
opinion, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Does anyone?
Do the U.S. advisers work with the Viet-
namese on matters involving TV and radio
program content and makeup?
Mr. NICKEL. Our advisers work with both
radio and TV. They nceassionally are in-
._ volVed in the format of a program.
The CHAIRMAN. Do they work with them
in the preparation of printed inforination
materials?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
Gun media's treatment of Tran Ngoo Ohau
case
The CHAIRMAN. MS the ease of Tran Ngoo
Chau reported over the Vietnamese radio and
television stations?
Mr. NICKEL. I can only assume it was I
would have to retire to an assumption be-
cause I was not in Saigon at that particular
time, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. Are you familiar with the.
Chau case?
Mr. RICKEL. I have read about it; yes, sir.'
The CHAIRMAN. DO you know Mr. Chisu?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Do either of your asso-
ciates know whether or not the radio and
television stations of Vietnam carried any
news about Mr. Chau?
Mr. HAvs. No, sir.
'late CHAIRMAN. You do not know?
Mr. HAYS. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You do not know?
Mr. OsuonNs. No, sir; I do not.
The CHAIRMAN. Were any printed materials
put out by the South Vietnamese Govern-
s-tient on this case?
Mr. Nostra.. I do not know, sir, I can find
out.
The CHAIRMAN. In your statement you say
"JUSPAO's liaison wills the ministry itself
takes many forms." 'Phut Ls the Ministry of .
In forma Lim I,
; Mr. Naactffi. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You say:
"At the top, I meet frequently with the
Minister anti his senior staff. At the plan-
11111g. 'eyed, JUSPAO policy officers meet daily
WI tim MinffiLry omit:ids to plan joint cam-
paigns, instructions and guidances to media
producers and to field personnel. On the
media maim:Lion side, our writers and edi-
tors work together lit the publication of mag-
azines, pai?pillets, posters, loudspeaker tapes,
and radii; prOgiltinii."
ell., ?
0300240016-6
. Mr. NICKEL. I pre .usne this is discussed, but
not by me, sir.
Tho CHAIRMAN. You do not know of it. You
, are not aware of any such advice?
Mr. NICKEL. Not specifically; no, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You are not aware of any
advice that was given to Mr. Thieu or any-
one else in the higher echelons of the Oov.,
ernment as to the possible reaction in this i
country of the imprisonment of Mr. Chau? .
Mr. NicKEL. As I said earlier, I %YRS not In. ,
volved in the Chau ease. I do not know.
The CHAIRMAN, It would not be 11 sleep :
involvement.
- Has there ever been any discussion with
them about the impact in this country of
his imprisonment of Mr. Dzu? Do you know
about Mr. Dzu? -
Mr, NICKEL. Yes, .Ar
The CHAIRMAN. You are aware of who he
is?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, -Jr.
The CHAIRmAN. 00 you know what hop.
pined to bins? ?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, lir.
The CHAIRMAN. Ind you ever advise them
as to what the reuction in this country is
to his inaprisonmerA?
Mr. NICKEL. I hase never Advised the Min.
later of Information about impact on US-
public opinion.
, The CHAIRMAN. Do any U.S. personnel ever -
assist Vietnamese oilicials in the writing of
speeches?
Mr. NICKEL. Cert.tInly no one in my ergo- ;
nization, to the best of my knowledge. ;
The CHAIRMAN, Are U.S. officials consulted '
by Vietnamese offf Arils in the handling of
statements that retate to U.S. policy?
Mr. NICKEL. I presume so, sir, but not
'within my cognizance so far as my orga?
nization is concerned,
The CHAIRMAN. You do not know anything 1.
about it anyway?
Mr. NICKEL. NO, sir.
U.S. personnel located at Ministry
Information
The CHAIRMAN. Are any Americans at.
tached directly to he Minister of Intonate
tion's office?
Mr. NICKEL. We have one or two Americans.
Mr. Chairman, who are physically located
in the Ministry of Information headquarters
building for liaison purposes, They are nd
attached directly to the office of the Minister.
The CHAIRMAN. WILL,t IS their function?
Mr. NICKEL. They perform liaison in tem' ,
of our overall advisory efforts. I believe thr
thrust of your qtesttion ,was whether a11!
of my officers are attached directly to tts
oflice of the Minister. No one serves direct
on the Minister's staff. sir.
The CHAIRMAN. There is no such thing
an adviser to the Minister of Information?
Mr. NICKEL. We have advisers to vitriol:.
elements of the Ministry. There is no adviq'
to the Minister, sir.
U.S. advisers to e,ements 0/ ministry of
in /wino tion
The CHAIiimAN. tIO not know enos:
about it to make t? distinction. Could y.
tell Lis the likillnetlt-mCe I pleali advisers to a-
clement. What is an cleinelit? It Is
8011; it is hot? Yoh lichilse people; de f'
not?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sit.
CHAinmAN. VVI.Dt do you mean k
that?
Mr, NICKEL. We :',usve advisers who svci
With the radio network. We have advhes
who work with the IT network.
The CHAIRMAN. What do they do?
Mr. Nicasa... We nave advisers who Wol.
With the Viettiaines, information Service
The CHAIRMAN. About whist do they advs.'
them? Du they not ale vise them about 1.17
policy?
Mr. NICKEL. Most 0. their advice, airc
concerned with improving operational .
?
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SC
8.
I ti
Approved For Rele
eleifey of the varlous elements of the Infor-
mation Ministry.
The CHAIRMAN. How do you improve the
efficiency without any attention to the sub-
stance which they are using? Do you mean
to say they are concerned only with the tech-
nical Operation of the broadcast system?
Mr. ancreet, No, sir. With respect to the
Vietnamese Information Service, for example,
our advisers would be concerned with dis-
cussing with their Ministry counterparts how
best, for example, lo support and promote
the various objectives of the pacification and
development program.
Handling of lliglai massacre
The CHARMAN. How has your Agency han-
dled the Mylei massacre theme during the
past several months?
Mr. NICKEL. JUSPAO, sir, has handled the
Mylai incident by taking the position that a
serious investigation is underway by the U.S.
Government and that if a crime has been
committed, the U.S. Government will try tho
personnel concerned. In other words, we have
not in any way attempted to be evasive. We
take the position it is under investigation
And we have to wait and see what the in-
vestigation reveals.
The CHArnmAN. What has been the posi-
tion of the Vietnamese information Service
regarding these incidents?
Mr. NICKEL. I think the Vietnamese Infor-
mation Service position has been very simi-
lar to ours, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Did the USIA or other
American advisers offer advice to the Gov-
ernment of South Vietnam about the han-
dling of this matter?
Mr. NICKEL. Our policy people in JUSPAO
.discussed it with the policy people in the
Ministry of Information with respect to the
guidance that should be given to the psyop
media.
The CHAIRMAN,' Did the Vietnamese Gov-
ernment play down the incident as being of
little importance?
Mr. NICKEL. It has been treated in the
Vietnamese press. I am unable to say myself
whetter the Vietnamese Government played
it down, sir. It certainly has been mentioned
In the Vietnamese media.
The CHAIRMAN, Would you say diet it had
been emphasized or was it deemphasized as
a matter of great significance?
Mr. NICKEL. It certainly has not been em-
phasized, sir.
Treatment of Communist massacres at Hue
The CHAIRMAN. How has the USIA treated
the Communist massacres at Hue in the pro-
tram aimed at the Vietnanieso people
through leaflets, newspapers, or television?
Mr. NICKEL. We have dono our best to
assist the Vietnamese in telling the story of
the massacres at Hue, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Has the USIA itself in its
own pamphlets, newspapers and programs
emphasized the massacre at Hue?
Mr. NICKEL. We in JUSPAO have provided
material to USIA for use by USIA posts in
other countriers, sir.
North. Vietnamese Affairs Division of JUSPAO
The CHAIRMAN, What Is tho function of tho
North Vietnamese Affairs Division of
.11:6PAG?
Mr. McKim, The North Vietnamese Affairs
Division of JUSPAO, sir, is a staff ()Mee which
reeks to keep abreast of the propaganda de-
velopments involving tho North. It is con-
eemed with release to the media of certain
enemy documents. It also releases material
et A more general nature about certain en-
my attitudes, activities, and. practices,
lOyeactfogical operations against North
Vietnamese
The CHAIRMAN. Are any psychological Op-
erations being carried out against North Viet-
nam at the present time?
Mr. NICKEL. With respect to the operation,
that I am responsible for, sir. I know of WM?
lag but radio broadcasting.
as 2001/11/14 ? CIA-MPUB9inp6Rw.oaQ.Q24QQ116,6,
sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Some of it is, presently.
Mr. NICKEL. Yes.
Radio Free A: fa
Tho CinvertmAte. Do you have anything
whatever to do with RAW,' Pate Arita? -
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Did you ever hear of it? .
Mr. NICKEL. I think I have I am not sure of
the title.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you 1, now. what it is?
Do you know where the broadcasts come
from?
Mr. NICKEL. No, I do not.
Tho CHAIRMAN, Do they not come from
Korea?
Mr. Memo.. I personalty am not familiar
with that.
Mr. CHAIRMAN. To your knowledge, can you
hear them in Vietnam?
Mr. NrcicEL. I am not awure of that.
The CITATRmAN. you can, you do not
know it,
Mr. NICKEL. I do not.
The CHAIRMAN. I do not either, but we have
seen these letters solic?tiog clonatione to
Mello Free Asia. They state that they beam
radio programs all over Asia. I do not know
that they may specifically Vietnam. I do not
know whether they do either. It came to my
attention a few weeks rm.). You do not know
whether you make any contribution to that
operation or not.
Mr. NICKEL. We make 110 contribution, sir.
GVN spending on psycnodogical warfare
The CHAIRMAN. Do you know how much
' tho Vietnamese Government spent on their
psychological warfare en -she current year
and last year, either one or both?
Mr. NICKEL, Yes, sir.
Tho Ministry of infosmation, sir,. in its
current fiscal year budget is spending $19.7
million.
The CHAIRMAN. $19.7 million?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Is that budget this current
year, 1070?
? Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
. The CHAirtmAN. Is that Up or down? What
was it compared to lost year; do you know
it?
Mt NICKEL. That is up. sir. Last year it was
We million, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. From $9 to 419 million in
1 year?.
Mr. NICKEL. That is right, sir. .
The CHAIRMAN. How do you account for
such a large increase?
Mr. NICKEL. I believe I mentioned earlier,
sir, that there was a sizable increase in per-
sonnel which accounted for a good part of
this increase from $9 to $19 million, but not
all of it. There was al. o a substantial in-
crease in program money.
The CHAIRMAN. How much of that do we
furnish, directly or indirectly?
Mr. NICKEL. The $19 million which I cited,
.sir, Is from the GVN's regular budget. There
etre no counterpart fume; in that.
The CirAntmAN. Do you know how much Is
planned for next year?
. Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
JUSPAO budget for fiscal year 1971
Tho CHAIRMAN. Do you know how much
? you have or are planning for fiscal year 1971
for your operations?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir. We plan to have a
budget figure of Sat sir.
The CHAIRMAN. For nest year?
Mr. NICKEL. Next year.
The CHAramAN. That a,sain does not in-
clude the military or any allied?
Mr. NICKEL, It does not include the mili-
tary, although It does include, as I believe
you are aware, the AID and DOD funds that
are available to JUSPAO.
nonsfatmoss or rrEas, "THE SILENT sassoarrs"
XN VI NAM
The CHAIRMAN. Has the film, The Silent
Majority" been distributed in Vietnam?
The CHAIRMAN. Mere RI' 0 P.
being made of printed material?
Mr. NICKEL. That is correct, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Have there ever been any
made in the past?
Mr. aricKEL. Yes, sir.
The Omuta/AN. Could you give a brief de-
scription of their magnitude and purpose?
Mr, NICKEL. I could supply that for the
record, sir. I cannot describe the magnitude
of them since they were discontinued some
time ago.
The CHAIRMAN. When were these ME drops
terminated?
Me. NICKEL. At the time of the bombing
halt, air.
Tho CHAntmAN. They ran coincidentally
with the bombing in the north; that right?
Mr. NICKEL. They took place at the same
time. They were not. operationally?
The CHAIRMAN. No, I mean they went on
at the same time.
Mr. NICKEL. And they were discontinued at
the same time.
(Tho information referred to follows:)
Beginning in 1905, propaganda leaflets were
released from aircraft operating over North ,
Viet-Nam, or were dropped over waters out-
side the boundaries of North Viet-Nam and
wind-drifted into the country. Until March
31, 1068, this program was designed generally
to convince North Viet-Nein?both people
and reginac--the North Vietnamese aggres-
sion in South Viet-Nam would fail, to mo-
tivate North Viet-Nam to seek peaceful set-
tlement of the conflict, and to warn the peo-
ple to stay away from military targets be-
cause they were subject to air strike. At its
peak, the program involved some 25 million
leaflets per month.
Following the partial bombing halt an-
nounced on March 31, 1968, leaflet targets
were restricted to those south of 20 degrees
North Latitude. The primary objective of
these leaflets was that of keeping the people
in the area aware of efforts by the Govern-
ment of Viet-Nam and the United States to
- bring about a negotiated settlement of the
Conflict.
After the total bombing halt of November
1, 1968, the leaflet program over North Viet-
'Nam was terminated.
Cost of U.S. propaganda operation
In Vietnam
Tho CHAIRMAN. I am not sure this question
has been quite clarified. Is it fair to say your
operation in all phases of tho information,
psychological warfare program in Vietnam
costs approximately $10 million? Did you say
it cost about 810 million?
Mr. NICKEL. I said that the money that fell
Within my area of responsibility was $10.9
The CHAIRMAN. It does not include the
military?
Mr. NicKais It does not include the mili-
tary.
The CirAmmAN. The military I remember
now you said had 800 people against your
81?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. I guess if yours 113 $10 mil-
lion, theirs is $80 million, Is it fair to say we
spend $80 million or $100 million on prop-
aganda?
Mr. McKim. I would hesitate to answer
that.
e 7'1 C1 IAIRMAN. What?
Mr. NICKEL. I would hesitate to even specu-
late on what the oost Is, sir.
Tho CHAIRMAN. Would you venture guess?
Mr. NICKEL. I just have no base on which
to make such a judgment.
The CitintmArr. We would like very much
to have an idea of the total wet. Of course,
I realize the Pentagon has an enormous pro-
paganda operation in many places far greater
than yours. I'wondered whether you could
give an estimate.
Radio broadcasting beamed to the North
Did I understand you to say that radio
broadcasting is not-beamed to, the North?
t t,. Some of it is.
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? ? The CHAmmAAPPqatieillyRfarliablipaSe
'?Mr. NICKEL. We made it available to Viet-
namese television and to the National Mo-
tion Picture Center of Vietnam. /t was
shown on the GVN television network and
In commercial theaters.
The CHAIRMAN. Would you estimate how
, many Vietnamese have seen it?
Mr. NICKEL. I will supply an estimate, sir.
? (The information referred to follows:)
NUMBER OF SOUTH VIETNAMESE WHO HAVE
SEEN "THE SILENT MAJORITY"
In South Vietnam, the GVN's Ministry of
Information (MOI) Was the sole distributor
of the film "The Silent Majority." MOI esti- -
mated that 1.2 million persons saw the show-
ings of the film on the national television
network, and that an additional 300,000
urban viewers saw the film in theaters in six
major cities, for an overall total of 1.5 mil-
lion.
The CHAIRMAN. It would be apparently a.
very substantial amount.
Have you any measure Of public reaction .
? to that film?
Mr. NICKEL, Wo did not undertake any
specific evaluation.
The CHAIRMAN. Has anyone that you know?
Mr. NICKEL. I am not aware that anyone
did.
USIA POLLS CONCERNING ATTITUDES TOWARD
UNITED STATES
The CHAIRMAN. Coming back for a moment,
it inspires me to ask a further question
about the polls. Have you been Instructed
to decline to discuss the polling In Vietnam
or all polls?any poll in any other country?
Mr. NICKEL. Well, the only polling that
would come within my purview would be
that in Vietnam, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. The USIA takes polls In
other countries; does it not? ?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. They are about public at-
titudes toward the United States and its
policies? That has been a practice for a long
time; has It not?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You do not know about
them and cannot testify about them; is that
right?
Mr. NICKEL. When I say I do not know
about them, I mean that I just do not know
in detail anything about them and obviously
could not speak to what they were about,
sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Were you in the USIA be-
fore you went to Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAntmAN. Where did you serve before
that?
Mr. NICKEL. In Japan, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. In Japan?
Mr. McKim. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. While you were in Japan,
did you take polls there?
Mr. NicHnf., Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Are you at liberty to dis-
cuss the polls you took in Japan?
Mr. Nit:HET...No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You are Instructed not to
discuss them; Is that it?
Mr. NrcHni,. I am Instructed not to discuss
polls.
The CHAIRMAN. It 18 very unusual. Where
did you serve besides Japan?
? Mr. NicnEr., I have served in Burma, and
I have served in Washington, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Did you take polls in
Burma?
Mr, NICKEL. To the best of my recollection,
I do not believe we did, but that was some
years ago,
The CHAIRMAN. You do not believe you did?
Mr. NICK EL. I just. cannot give you a defini-
tive answer.
Is USIA taping proceedings?
Tho CHAIRMAN, Is the USIA taking a tape
of those proceedings?
Wiltni1gdwilaypif3turrneR0
The CHAIRMAN. You would know if they
are: would you not?
Mr. NICKEL. Let us lust say that / am un-
aware if they are.
The CHAIRMAN. I wondered how efficient
they were in reporting all these matters.
Publication of "Vietnam Today"
How many newspapers, magazines or other
periodicals does the United States publish or
print that are aimed at Vietnamese and'.
ences?
Mr. NICKEL. We publish, Mr. Chairman,
or should I say we assist the Vietnamese in
publishing, a pacification newssheet, a weekly
called "Vietnam Today," in 600,000 copies
per issue.
The CHAIRMAN. 600,000?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Is that a newspaper type
of publication?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. 600,000 copies are pub-
lished weekly?
Mr. NICKEL. 600.000 copies.
The CHAIRMAN. IS that given away? What
happens to it? I was interested.
Mr. NICKEL. It is given away, sir. It in dis-
tributed through the Vietnamese Informa-
tion service and it is more or less a vehicle for
the Central Pacification and Development
Council. In others words, it concentrates on
developments in the pacification field.
The CHAIRMAN. It is printed in Vietnam-
ese?
Mr. NICKEL. Printed in Vietnamese, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Is the cost of printing that
a part of your budget?
Mr. NICKEL. The printing cost Is part of
my budget.
a week
to put out 600,000 copies of that?
The CHAIRMAN. What would It cost
Mr. NICKEL. $2,400.
The CHAIRMAN. Where is it printed?
Mr. NICKEL. Printed in Saigon, sir. Part
of It?I might say that half of the printing
now is handled by the Ministry of Informa-
tion and half is handled by the USIA.
The CHAIRMAN. Does the USIA haVeitt
printing plant in Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. JUSPAO has a small printing
plant.
The CHAIRMAN. JUSPAO. Is it large enough
to print this?
Mr. NICKEL. This Is not printed entirely by
JUSPAO. Half of the circulation?in other
words, 300,000, sir?is printed by the Ministry
of Information printing plant, and the other
half by JUSPAO.
The CHAIRMAN. Who determines the ma-
terial that goes into this publication?
Mr. NICKEL. Most of the editorial work on
this newspaper now is done by the Ministry
of Information, sir.
Publication of "Free South"
The CHAIRMAN. There is another news-
paper called "Free South."
Mr. NICKEL. That is right, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. IS it published biweekly?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAntmAN. How many of those are
published?
Mr. NICKEL. This is published in an edition
of 1.3 million copies. It isa small 0 by 10
sized newspaper. It Is air dropped into con-
tested areas.
blislied twice a
'rile CHATRMAN. Benin' pu
Week that 2.0 million a week: is that coereet?
Mr. NICKEL. I lull sorry, sir; it is published
every 2 weeks, not two a week.
The CHAufmAN. EVery 2 weeks?
Mr. NicHea..,Every 2 weeks, sir.
Publication o/ "Ilural Spirit"
Tho CHAtitmAr,r. I notice hero another ono
called "ittleal Spirit." Are you familiar with
that?
Mr. Nam EL. Yes, air.
The CilAnimAN. What is that? Desoribe it.
Ie it a inegazine?
O309M0031610e Vietnamese name for
ura p rit is Huono; Que. It is a magazine
? R
designed largely for rural audiences, and It
. is to a great extent agricultural in its ap.
proach. It has a Ilonthly circulation of
565,000, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. How many pages is a typi-
cal issue of that mage.a..e?
Mr. NICKEL. Thirty. six pages.
The CHAIRMAN. Th;rtv-six pages. le it slick
paper or what?
Mr. NICKEL. No; It I . not slick.
The CHAIRMAN. IS it a picture magazine?
Mr. NICKEL. It has some illustrations, but
it is not basically a picture magazine.
The CHAIRMAN. Wier" is it printed?
Mr. NICKEL. It is plated In Manila at our
regional service center
The CHArRmAN.PrIt,t.ed in Manila?
Mr. NICKEL. At the U.S. Information
Agency Regional Service Center. We have
, a large printing plant there.
USIA printing plant in Manila
? The CHAIRMAN. Do we have a large printing
plant there?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir,
The CHAIRMAN. What
service?
. Mr. NICKEL. It serees for. the most part,
air, USIA posts in th? East Asia and Pacific
area.
? Size of eireiaat
"Rural
Spirit")/ Fr ee South" and
,R
The CHAIRMAN. Would you say that the
Free South newspaper has the largest cir-
culation of any newspaper in Asia outside of
Japan and mainland China?
Mr. NICKEL. Well, it is a magazine. I just
would not be able to make that judgment.
It has a very high circulation, if you discount
Free South vrhich?are we talking about
? Huong Que?
The CHAIRMAN. Tale both of them. One
is a newspaper and one is a magazine?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The 'CHAIRMAN. Woidd you say they have
the largest circulation of their kind, both
magazine and newspa Aar, in Asia outside of
Japan and mainland China?
Mr. /Mita,. I could not make that judg-
ment. They certainly are the largest in Viet-
nam.
The CHAIRMAN. You do not know of any
that is larger; do you?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not ?mow, sir.
USIA printing plant in Manila
. The CHAIRMAN. Did you answer the ques-
tion of what countries the printing office In
? Manila serves? Does it. serve all countries in
Asia? Could you tell us how large that oper-
ation is?
Mr. NICKEL. It exists to provide backstop-
ping for our USIS posts In Asia, Mr. Chair-
man. If you would like specific information
on tho plant, I shall seu that tile appropriate
parties in my agency I tallish it.
(The information referred to follows:)
USIA'S REGIONAL sERVB. h: CENTER IN MANILA
USIA's Regional Sert Ice Center in Manila
hits three main functions: (1) producing
publications originated by USIA in Washing-
ton for distribution to LE-US posts in Asia;
(2) producing publle.,iions originated by
USIS posts in Asia for titeir own use; and (3)
editing and producing ,-erional 1011311eations.
Products include nue!?mites, photo news-
paper iliSer is, leaflets, p.fsf ers and "fast pain-
phlets." The latter, frequently full texts of
Presidential statements are keyed to major
foreign policy events Itt which the time ele-
ment is Important,.
Among the 11 Amen- int and 231 Filipino
employees currently at he Regional Service
Center are editor, arti ,tt., photo specialists
and uhlilvd Printing IA chntelans. The esti-
maksi upending budge! 1?r PY 1071 Is El,-
560,1)00, which ihie I mid,printing service per-
formed for other U.S. ;DI t?rlilllent agencies
on 41 reimbursement
countries does It
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f? ??
paOrzine en riftApproved FornReleas
Vietnam"
The CHAIRMAN. IS 411IS magazine I have
here, The Face of Anguish, Vietnam, an issue
.of the Rural Spirit?
Mr. Nicurm. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN, This is MIL Its name; IS It?
Whet Is this issue? It. is a picture magazine;
I think it came from you,
Mr. Nicicgi., I do not--I cannot recognize It.
The CHAIRMAN. No; this comes from Free
Asia Press, Manila, I rim sorry. Is that part
of our operation?
Mr. Nrcicr.L. I do not reciognize the maga-
zine, sir,
The CHAIRMAN. SHICC you RTC in the busi-
ness, maybe I will give it to you and ask you
see if you can identify it for us. It does
not seem to be identified. I do not know what
the Free Asia Press is. It Is a very elaborate
magazine and beautifully clone. Who would
you say is the sponsor of that?
Mr. Nreitm.,..1 would just say that?I have
never seen it, and it does not appear to me
to be one of our products.
The CHAIRMAN. Who would publish such a
magazine except us?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not know.
Publication and distribution of, "Who are
the Vietcong?"
The CHAIRMAN. Here is another one. It has
no identification whatsoever. It Is'
"Who Are the Vietcong?" Have you ever seen
that pamphlet?
Mr. NICKEL. That is ours.
The CHAIRMAN. It is not identified. There
is nothing in it, I am told by the staff, that
would identify it as being your publication.
Is that the normal way we operate? We do
not identify our publications?
Mr. NICKEL, No; I would not say that is
normal.
The CHAIRMAN. What proportion would
you say are attributed to us and are identi-
fiable as our publications and what propor-
tions are not?
Mr. NICKEL.. It would be very hard to give
a percentage. It is an English language pub-
lication, I believe, Senator. I would feel com-
fortable in saying that most of our English
language publications are attributed.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you know where this
was distributed? Was it distributed in South
Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. Since it is an English language
version, sir, I would assume that some num-
bers were used in South Vietnam, but I would
also assume that the English language ver-
sion was prepared for use primarily outside
of Vietnam.
The CHAIRMAN. In the United States?
Mr. NICKEL. No; not in the United States.
The CHAIRMAN. Where outside of Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. For use by posts other than
Vietnam. ?
The CHAIRMAN. By the USIA?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir,
The CHAIRMAN. You prepared it in Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. It was?may I inquire?
The CHAIRMAN. DO you want to look at it
or are you familiar with it? ?
Mr. NICKEL. May we see it, sir? The reason
lam pausing is because I run not sure wheth-
er it was a JUSPAO publication or a USIA
publication,
I can find out for you, sir, and supply the
information.
The CHAIRMAN. But it is a pamphlet which
yOU prepared and published?
Mr. NICKEL. We are sure it is a pamphlet
hi which we were involved. But whether
JUSPAO prepared it or USIA prepared it, I
do not know.
The CHAIRMAN. Would that kind of maga-
zine be printed in Manila rather than in.
Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes; it would be.
The CHAIRMAN. Where would it be diotrib- ?
uted? It would not be distributed in Japan;
Wauld it?
e 2001414115mCIMROP73B00296R0130300240046463i1it %It% MN, hut he hau
posts ordered it, sir. Japan certainly would no knowledge of it. 110 raki, he had never
not use large numbers in Engibtli.
The CHAIRMAN. Will you be able to find out
where that was printed and for whom and
where it was distributed?
Mr. Nuaccr.. I will see that information is
developed.
The CHAIRMAN. Will you supply It for the
record, please?
Mr. Nicis,er.. Yes, sir.
(The Information referred to follows: )
PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION OF "WHO...ARE THE
VIET cONG?"
The pamphlet "Who Are the Viet Cong?"
was initially prepared in English by USIA in
Washington for overseas distribution as part
of USIA's worldwide information program.
Texts and pilot& were initially sent to
USIA's Regional Service Center (rtsc) in
Manila, where 10,250 pilot copies were
printed in August 1966. Some 10,000 of these
were printed for USIA, for distribution to
USIS posts ordering them. There were addi-
tional printings at RSC Manila for USIS
posts In Saigon, Canberra and Tel Aviv in
1967.
JUSPAO prepared a Vietnamese language
version which was printed at RSC Manila
In several press runs from December 1966 to
March 1067. in a total of 300,000 copies. This
version was distributed In South Viet-Nam.
Is any unidentified material distributed in
United States?
The CHAIRMAN. Is any material of this kind
without identification ever distributed in the
United States?
Mr. NICKEL. No. sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You are sure about that?
'Mr. NICKEL. I am sure to the extent that
I am very well aware of the need to keep it
out of the United States, and we are always
cognizant of this restriction.
The CHAIRMAN. If it is not identified, how
would you keep It out? What is to prevent
someone from distributing it here when
there is no way of telling who printed it
where It came from except to the initiated?
Mr. NICKEL. In terms of USIS use of ma-
terials of this sort, all USIS posts, and all
.USIS personnel would be aware of the neces-
sity to avoid its introduction into the United
States.
Booklet entitled "Vietnam: The View Beyond
the Battle"
The CHAIRMAN. On a recent visit to Saigon,
two members of the staff of this committee
were given this booklet called, "Vietnam, the
View Beyond the Battle." Are you -familiar
with it?
Mr. Nrcittt. I have seen it.
The CHAIRMAN. This WRS part of the ma...
terials in a welcoming kit.
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. When you say you have
seen it, who published it? Did you publish it?
It also does not have a date on it
Mr. NICKEL. I believe it Wan printed at our
regional service center in Manila.
The CHAIRMAN, It IS 11. very elaborate mag-
amine wtth extremely fine workmanship in
its maps and photographs. There Is a mag-
nificent photograph of Thieu and Ky and
President Lyndon B. Johnson taken in
February of 1966. It does not say itself when
it was printed. Can you tell us when this
was printed?
Mr. NICKEL. I believe, sir, that was printed'
at our regional service center in Manila. I
believe it was a USAID project, and the cost
of printing?
The CHAIRMAN. Was it prepared at your
request for,distribution in Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. I believe It was prepared by
a contract writer for XID and I believe print-
ing was at AID expense. However, I make that
statement subject to check.
The CHAIRMAN. I asked the AID Director
the day before yesterday if he had ever seen
seen it and knew ont.,Ing about K.
Mr. NICKEL. I belies,. .Ir, it was printed 2
or 3 years ago.
The CHAIR MAN. lIe s he knew nothing
shout it, and he left I lit Iropr,"..ion that he
did not think it. vitt!: m All) prideel.. Again
I raise the same (pies:In-I becale.e it is such
a fine piece of work. Wird, is the purpose of
Publishing in English such a fine magazine
and what is the distrirot Ion of it? Could you
find that out on this ore too?
Mr. Nicarar;. I will fit d out on that, sir.
? (The information r^f. rred to follows:) .
PRINTING AND DISTRTIM IC N OF "VIETNAM: THE
VIEW BEYONI- Tim BATTLE"
In 1967, because the Government of Viet-
Nam wanted to tell ti Is citizens the story
of developing nationhood In South Viet-Nam
and because USAID e.,vecially was provid-
ing advice and assistance In the develop-
ment, JUSPAO was rerptested to prepare a
one-time publication. "Viet-Nam: The View
Beyond the Battle." Information and photos
were furnished by the GVN and USAID, with
JUSPAO assuming coordinating responsi-
bility for text, editing, layout and printing.
The Vietnamese hang rage publication Was
printed in 100,000 copes at USIA's. Regional
Service Center (RSC). a:, JUSPAO's request,
for distribution in Viet-Nam.
An English langtu ge version was also
printed in 60,500 copi-s. They were ordered
by and shipped to JUSPAO and to USIS posts,
at Manila, Djakarta, Bonn, Wellington, Can-
berra, Kuala Lumpur, Lusaka, Lagos, Stock-
holm, Taipei, Georget )wn, Quito, Tel Aviv,
Beirut, Rangoon. Cuva, Copenhagen, Bern,
Kabul, Brussels and Ae',dcjavik.
From the JUSPAO supply, sonic 5,000 copies
were provided to USAID for use in a briefing
kit for distribution to visitors, journalists,
Incoming USAID rs and other persons
inquiring about USAID's activities. Until
early 1968 the U.S. 14Lssion Press Center in
Saigon, which operates -inder American Em-
bassy supervision, Watt 'bated copies to news-
men.
'Why are magazines unidentified as to source?
The CHAIRMAN. I do not quite understand
why magazines of this icind are not identified
? as to source. It obvioufly raises a very inter-
esting question.
Mr. NICKEL. I will furnish the information
to the committee.
(The information referred to follows:)
"EXPLANATION OF LACK -IF ATTRIBUTION OF
PUBLICATIONS
"As was pointed out ill Mr. Nickel's open-
ing statement, one of tin- roles performed by
JUSPAO assistance in the production of
information materials by the GVN. In 1067,
when "Viet-Nam: The View Beyond the Bat-
tle" was first printed, 'he GVN did not have
the capacity to produce magazines of this'
type. In developing this particular project
with and for the CIVN, JUSPAO decided that
this and Similar public:0.1,10ns might al,-;o have
all audience in third collo; tries as well. If at-
tribution were given rightfully to the GVN,
such attribution could limit USIS use over-
seas. On the other hand, if attribution were
given to USAID or JUSPAO, it could limit or
embarrass the GVN's use of the publication
In Viet-Nam. As has Leen noted earlier,
JUSPAO assisted the GVN by providing
100,000 copies of the publication in the Viet-
namese language. Ace(); dl ogly, a decision was
made not to positively Identify this type pub-
lication with either the GVN or U.S. agencies, '
thereby permitting all ioterested parties to
distribute It through their own outlets."
Publication o/ attribu; ea and unattributed
maga..ines
?
The CHAIRMAN. Do ot.t. know who would ?
make the contracts for the publication of
such magazines? Put it this way: Has USIA
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ever made a c.ontraot for a similar, magazine French and in English, I colB(9n(q1tR
slime that some of the material they publish
in English, unilateralfy, is made available
to their Embassy in Washington.
Now, I want to make it very clear, Mr.
,Chairman, these are aspects of their opera-
tion that I am not officially involved in; I
provide neither support for, nor assistance
In any way.
$ The CHAIRMAN. And no advice?
Mr. NICKEL. And no advice.
The CHAIRMAN. They do it all on their.
own?
Mr. NICKEL. That is right, sir.
The CHAirtiaArr. Could you supply for the
record some recent examples of publications
that the Vietnamese Government has made
in English?
Mr. NICKEL. I will, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Give us a few examples
during the last year to see what they are
doing.
(The information referred to follows:)
GVN publications in English
Sample materials provided through the
Embassy of Viet-Nam include "Fighters for
Peace," "Communist Atrocities During the
Latest Offensives," and "Viet-Nam Bulletin."
Other publication
The CHAIRmAN. With regard to these other
publications, we mentioned three, I believe,
the Rural Spirit, which has 565,000, and the
Vietnam Today, with 600,000, and the Free
South with 1.3 million per edition.
Mr. Nuacra. That is right, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. There are nine other pub-
lications which I will not take the time to go
into at length. I will name them and I think ?
these are correct. This is material which we
obtained in Saigon.
A magazine called Mother Heart. Long Me
is the way you pronounce it In Vietnamese.
It is published bimonthly in 200,000 copies
per issue.
There is a magazine called Culture-Drama
published bimonthly, 12.000 pee; issue. '
Magazine entitled "Mother Heart"
even though It is not this one? Have you ever
asked the regional office to publish for your
purposes an unidentified magazine?
Mr. NICKEL. Let me answer that by say-
ing we would occasionally use contract per-
sonnel to prepare products for us, but the
use of a contract writer would not in any way
be related to the decision as to whether the
product would be attributed or unattributed.
I do not myself know why this publication
is not an attributed product.
The CHAIRMAN. Does your office ever ask
for magazines similar to this from the re-
gional office in Manila?
Mr. NICKEL. We occasionally order pub-
lications from the regional office in Manila.
The CHAIRMAN. When you do, do you spec-
ify whether they are tO be attributed to you
or not? Is that decision left up to the
regional office?
Mr. nexus,. If they are in English, sir, and
they already exist, they already are either at-
tributed or unattributed, so we would not
get involved in the attribution. I think I am
? correct in assuming that most are attributed.
If we are doing Vietnamese versions of basic
English language publications that originate
at the Manila plant, then it would be up to
JUSPAO to decide whether we wanted them
attributed.
The CHAIRMAN. On what basis do you de-
cide whether it is attributed to you or not at-
tributed to you? What is the criteria?
Mr. NICKEL. Well, speaking for myself
alone?
The CHAIRMAN. You ought to speak for the
Agency. I do not want you to speak only for
yourself, but you can do both.
Mr. NICKEL. If you will allow me to
speak?
The CHAIRMAN. Speak for yourself and then
speak for the agency. That is right.
Mr. NICKEL. In making the decision as to
whether something is to be attributed or not,
I generally follow the policy that anything
that is explaining some aspect of U.S. policy
or U.S. society, should have attribution to the
United States. In fact, attribution adds to the
credibility of It.
The CoAntemel. How do you decide when
not to attribute it? What is your objective?
Mr. NICKEL. Let me put it this way. I have
What is "Mother Heart"?
Mr. NICKEL. Long Me, sir, is a pUblicatrion
of the Ministry of Chien Hot, We provide
considerable assistance to the publication.
We print it. It Is designed to explain and
another area of operations in Vietnam where promote the Chteu Hol program largely In
I am engaged in helping the Vietnamese pub- , the sense of informing families of proopoc- ;
lish materials. Obviously, I do not attribute . taw; Chieu Hot relaters. ,
such materials to my own organization.
South Vietnamese publication 0/ materials in
English
The CHAIRMAN. They would not publish
materials in English; would they?
Mr. NICKEL. They publish some materials in
English.
,The ClIA/R1VIAN. Do they?
Mr. Exam,. A few, for use abroad.
The CHAIRMAN. For USO where?
Mr. McKee. Well, for use abroad.
The CrIAIRMAN. In the United States?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes.
The CHAIRMAN. Really?
Mr. lemaeut. But these are not materials I
am involved in
.-
The CHAnteener. But they do publish mate-
rials in English that are then distributed in
the United States?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, occasionally, sir.
'1110 CHAIRMAN. I did not know that. Of
how ninny do you know?
Nreare,. I would 'awe to determine that.
The Canaveral. Have yod any examples of
It?
Mr. NICKEL. I have no examples with me,
sir.
The CHAIRMAN. 'What would be the objec-
tive of each publications? To what are they
directed?
Mr. NICKEL. Well, when I say for use in the
United States, they publish on their own
behalf without assistance from us some mate-
rials for IIII0 overseas. They publish these irk
The CHAIRMAN. This is intended for the
Vietcong whom you want to come over; is
that right?
? Mr. NICKEL. No; it is intended for families
on the South Vietnamese side who may have
relatives serving with the enemy. It provides
these families with better information about
the program. Also, one of its secondary ob-
jectives is to supply more information about
the program to the Vietnamese officials who
themselves are concerned with Chime Hoi.
Magazine entitled "Culture-Drama"
Tho CHAIRMAN. What is the magazine Cul-
ture-Drama about?
Mr. NICKEL. It is known RS the Van Tac Vu
magazine, Mr. Chairman. It is a magazine
designed to provide program material?
songs, skits, and general ray/ material?
for a great number of culture-dramas teams
which exist in Vietnam. The culture-drama
form Is it very attractive one.
T110 CHAIRMAN. CURVIICI-dIall011 has nothing
to do wiles the theater, I guehs.
Mr. NICKEL. It is folk theater touring
The CisAIRMAN. Is there a theater in
? Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. 1.110.1'0 is opera, renovated op-
era, ClussICIll. '
Tim,, CHAIRMAN. Do they kayo a local opera
company?
Mr. Mester.. There are performances.
The CHAIRMAN. Are they traveling people
that we bring In? ?
Mr. Nimcm.. No; this would be more on
gPe94944)9?clikkal Vietnamese drama,
When I say opera, I me $11 classical Vietnam-
ese opera which is not unrelated to Chinese I
opera.
The CHAIRMAN. Do we determine the sub-
ject matter of a magae;ne of that kind?
Mr. NICKEL. This particular magazine is $
directed at culture-dra let teams which per-
form in the provinces, and in general per-
form almost like vaude-11; lane, if I might use
the term, Mr. Chairmale.
The CHAIRMAN. What is the objective of ;
our sponsoring such a auseazine? What do we ,
seek to accomplish la publishing such a
magazine?
Mr. NICKEL. We see:: o provide program
material, that is naticealist in its direction !
because these culture (frame teams play a ;
role in support of the Government.
The CHAIRMAN. Do ',Oil think this kind Of
a role would agree with Vice President Ag-
new's idea of what a magazine or a publica-
tion ought to do? He would not criticize the
kind of publications we put out in Vietnam' ;
Mr. NICKEL. I prefe- not; to comment on
the Vice President.
The CHAIRMAN. If I understood his Igen
they were that maga eines and newspapers I
ought to support the Government and, there- I
fore, he would approve of this type of pun-
cation.' It seems to me ii is perfectly obvious I
he would.
I am not quite sure myself though what
justifies the spending of American money on i
the cultural and &Lusa magazine. Not the'
I 'have any aversion to culture and drama,
but I did not know that we were competent
to tell the Vietnamese about culture and !
drama in Vietnam.
Mr. NICKEL. Well, of course?
The CHAIRMAN. We eave a hard time know- ;
ing what is culture env drama in Washing-
ton.
Mr. NICKEL. Of course, Mr. Chairman, the ;
JUSPAO staff that works on this magazine I
is predominantly Vietnamese.
The CHAIRMAN. I ace. You think it is so ;
constructed rind edited that it would appeal ;
to the effete, intellectuel snobs of Saigon? ?
Mr. NICKEL. I would ..ay that it appeals to
the performers and eulture-drama teams in
the provinces of Vietnam.
Posters, pamplel-is and song sheets
The CHAIRMAN. 01 what are posters III-8
and II1-6 on rice extenjaes? This is about the ;
miracle rice.
Mr. NICKEL. Yes, sa. Those would be
posters.
The CHAIRMAN. Is that a one-shot prop' ?
; ?einem, one poster?
Mr. NICKEL. One peeter.
The CIIAIRMAN. 50,110U copies?
Mr. NICKEL. It is sot a fixed periodical.
The CHAIRMAN. It IS net a recurring postn
or is it?
Mr. Nicisza. It is aot recurring, but obi:.
ously our interest la IR-I3 is such that ow
oapIert_rioud of time we could do many poste
n ;
THO CHAIRMAN. We have another pee
entitled, "Our Proic,i, lifts Been Completed
Is that a recurring pt,ster or a single all.
Mr. Niestra. I would assume Mit is '
Single shot?
The CIIAIREIAN. Is I., .0,000 copies?
Mr. NIcKuri. Yes, sir.
Ti10 ClIA111.111AN. Til+?11 you have a
called, "The Goverusient of the Repain
of Vietnam Helps I zetligees Return Ilene
That nem Li is just at her poster?
Mr. N islets,. Yea, s,r,
The CHAIRMAN. "./ +len there is a parephle
"Security Laws Taw ..ea the Citizens."
Mr. Nwitra. Yes, s:r.
CHAlltmAN. 'Chat is 60,000 copies; I'
that only for that parpose?
Mr, Nies..EL. That would be a one olio;
pamphlet, yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. 'Men we have song sheet'
One is called "apnea of Hope" and one e
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tire In printing song sherds?
Mr. NICKEL. 'flint nong sheet was probably
product that ?van !salted by the Ministry
ef Information in connection with the Tet
observation. As you know. Tet is quite a
festive holiday in Vietnam, and the songs
were probably con?ccted with t,hn celebra-
hen of that holiday,
fissiber of posters produced in Fiscal Year
1969
The Criainatarr, Could you tell us how
Many different posters were put out, last
year?
Mr. Nicitst. I con ?illy give you an overall
figure on posters, Mr. Chairman?a. total of
1.73 million copies iii fiscal year 1060. That
would be for individual units,
The CHAIRMAN. Individual units of posters.
Mr. Nimes, 1.73 million pieces of paper,
every one of which was a poster. I cannot
gore you the circulation or the production
per poster. I cannot say 50,000 of this or
70,000 of that.
The Crraritarnr.r. To Illustrate the point, you
put out 15 posters consisting of 1.7 million
issues. Is that about right?
Mr. Nrcicut. Those are not the figures, but
that is the logic.
The CHAIRMAN. I know they are not the
figures.
Mr, Nrcirm...: That Ls the logic.
The CHAIRmAN. That is what I meant. You
could not estimate how many posters there
were, not individual pieces but how many
different posters there were?
M. NICKEL. I find that very diflIcult.
Publications of all kinds put out in a year
The CHAIRMAN. Would you estimate how
many publications of all kinds you put out
in a year? Would It be 16 million or 50
Million publications of all different kinds,
Including all these magazines and posters
And newspapers? The newspapers alone run
into several million weekly; do they not? ? "
Mr, netters Yes, sir.
The CitAnimAN. I wondered if you had an
estimate to give us some idea of the volume
or our activity.
Mr. noun,. 24 million plus, sir. That would
be magazines, newspapers, posters, and
pamphlets.
Leaflets dropped by the military
The CitAnimAN. Would the pamphlets in-
clude the leaflets dropped by the military?
Mr. NICKEL. That does not, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you have any estimate
howmany there are?
Mr, NICKEL. That would be somewhere in
the vicinity of 1.5 billion, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Billion?
Mr. NICKEL, Billion.
The CHAIRMAN. My goodness; 1.5 billion by
the military?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes.
Tho CHAIRMAN. Who prints those? Where
can they get so many printed? That seems
incredible.
Mr, NICKEL. They would be primarily dis-
tributed by the military.
The Crumuvissr. Are these printed in that
regional office in Manila?
Mr, NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Does the military have its
own printing plant?
Mr, Nrcuct.. I was a bit hasty. Let me be
more precise. Some might be printed in
Manila. Many might be printed by the mili-
tary on Okinawa.
The CHAIRMAN. Do they have a big print-
ing plant on Okinawa?
Mr. Nieitm,. They have a printing plant
that provides support for the psychological
program in Vietnam.
CitAxitmAN. Is it comparable to the
Size of yours in Manila?
Mr. NICKEL, No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. It is not as large?
Mr. }helm. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Is the USIA plant in Manila
very large one? ?
20(1V WII9,1)$,TDR7g1922P,ORP,P
plant,
The CHArromAN. Is it capable of printing a
magazine as lnrge as, say, Time magazine Or
Fortune or Newsweek?
Mr. McKim. It is difficult for me to answer,
I am not aware of what capacity it would
have for volume. I would think that, tech-
nically it could do the job.
Other printing by the military
The CHAIRMAN. Does the military. in midi-
tion to.the 1,5 billion leaflets, niso print magas
Moen and publications similar to this? Does
it print. anything sinilim to this anywhere?
Mr, Mercer.. II, would be very unlikely to
print a pamphlet like that. I believe they do
print an employee -relations magazine for
the Vietnamese employees for the military In
Vietnam. But to the best of my knowledge,
Mr. Chairman, 6lit is the only publication
of that type that the military publishes.
Lack of attribution of "Vietnam: The View
Beyond The Battle"
The CHAIRMAN. I do not know who did this,
but that is one of the finest pictures of its
kind I ever saw of the people in the rice pad-
dies. As a technical matter, regardless of its
content, you could well take credit for it?
because It is a very fine production. I think
it is a very attractive thing. Did I show it
to you to see if you could identify it, or did
you? I do not remember. Do you want to
look at it and perhaps you can tell me?
' Mr. NICKEL. I am familiar with it. I have
seen it.
The Cronamous. You have seen it.
I have so many publications here I can-
not keep them all straight.
? I am told by the stair that the MIS press
said this morning, after they checked it, that
ft was .printed in March 1967. I still am
puzzled about this question of attribution.
A magazine of this kind is such an imposing
production that It Is rather a shock to find
there is no way of telling who printed it and
where and when It was printed. Yet It is
on a subject which apparently either we or
the Government of Vietnam would be the
only ones really interested in doing it. So I
can see now that It was. I would suggest, for
whatever It Is worth, that it helps our emit-
bility to identify and to claim it as our own
when It is. I do not think that the world as
It is today is going to be very Impressed by
our trying to avoid responsibility for the
publication.
Press credentials granted to Jour security
agents in Saigon
Did your office have anything to do with
the recent granting of press credentials in
Saigon to?four security agents?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
?The CHAIRMAN. It Is not your responsibil-
ity. Do you know anything about that epi-
sode?
Mr. NICKEL. I am familiar with the gen-
eral newspaper accounts of that. ,
The CHAIRMAN. Then I suppose you have
friends who were aware of that in Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. Yes,
The CHAIRMAN. Could you tell me in what
mission these people were engaged for which
they wanted such credentials?
Mr. mom.. I have no knowledge of that,
sir.
The CHAIRMAN. You have no knowledge
of that.
Are CIA personnel using USIA as cover?
Could you say whether any CIA personnel
are using the USIA as cover?
Mr. Nrcstrt.. Comment on such a questiont
must be made in executive session by other
appropriate ()Metals, Mr. Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN. All right.
Language facility of USIA personnel in
Vietnam
Could you tefl me what percentage of 1:78/A
personnel In Vietnam speak Vietnamese?
Mr. Thom. Yes, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. At three level or better.
OP924,0c.)16,-It;
ployeeti.
Mr. Thcar.i,. Six per( er
Tho CHAIRMAN. flow -ofiny speak French
at the three level or haul Or?
Ms. Nrrcri,. I nin r?,ri V, sir. I gave you a
percentage figure. I (lift not, nirun it. to be
n percentage. :11x employer!:; flix?nk
Viet-
flaltreLo at, the three level or better. ?
Tim CHAIRMAN. i7)-t, is approximately 0
percent; is it not?
Mr, NICKFL. It also welts out t4 approxi-
mately 6 percent, but if is. riot, a percentage
figure. The ileum 101 I tench would he 24.
The CHAIRMAN. Tb- I, is at the three level
or better?
Mr. NICKEL, Yes, sir
Language facility of JUSPAO personnel
The CIIA/RMAN. What about all JUSPAO
personnel?
Mr. NICKEL. All XCJEPAO personnel in
terms of three or better or what, sir?
The CHAIRMAN".
Mr.. NICKEL. Well, I am addressing the
civilian component of JUSPAO. There are six
people who speak Vietnamese and 24 who
speak French.
The Cirarnarax. What about the 1300 mili-
tary you mentioned? Do you know anything
about them?
? Mr. NICKEL. I do not.
" The CHAIRMAN. Yeti do not
urea on them.
Journalists' trips io Vietnam sponsored
by USIA
Does the USIA finance or sponsor in any
way trips to Vietnam by Journalists from the
United States?
Mr. NICKEL. The IS. Information:Agency,
sir, does have a third country journalist
program.
Tho CHAIRMAN. Could you Indicate the
magnitude of that? Bow many journalists
in the course of a 'NeDri
Mr. NICKEL. I wousd be very happy to sup-
ply that for the record. It is a program ad-
ministered out of the headquarters in Wash-
ington, and I cannot, speak to the details, sir.
(The following Information referred to
follows:)
, USIA third country fournalist program, ,
fiscal ycar 1069
have the fig..
"For the record, the program involved 15
foreign journalists dining Fiscal Year 1060,
and an anticipated equal number during the
current fiscal year."
Tho CHAIRmAN. 'I want it both ways, I
Want trips from tl-,e United States to Viet-
nam of American journalists and also from
other countries to Vietnam.
Mr. NICKEL. I believe, sir, that this pro-
gram is only concerned with third couatry
journalists to Vietaarn.
The CHAIRMAN. 'You mean not United
States?
Mr. Nrcitsr.. Not American journalists.
The CTIAIRMAN. Titen the answer to my
first question is no. They do not sponsor
B.S. journalists to Vietnam; is that correct?
Mr. NICKEL. That Is correct, sir.
The CHArnmAN. Tley do sponsor foreign
journalists to Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL, That is right, sir._
The CHAIRMAN. you say what is the
purpose of this program? Why do you sponsor
foreign journalists to Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. To eriable them, sir, to come
and see for themselees the developments in
? that country. This is done in many in-
stances for journalists from publications
which could not afford to or would not '-d
their correspondentr to Vietnam.
(
i The CHAIRMAN. Viten they arrive in Siorth
Vietnam, does your agency take care of thei:So._
meet them and make arrangements for their
visit?
Mr. NICKEL. They are accredited, and they ?
receive the same facilitation from the Mis-
sion Press Center, Mr. Chairman, as any ac-
credited journalist would receive.
The OLIAIRMAN I realise that, but in ad-
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dition.There Is the Approcordi Forkkaale
them and paid for their passage. Do you also
take care of them and give them any special
treatment or are they just allowed like any
other journalist?
Mr. NICKEL. We give them special treat-
ment when they ask for ,it, special treat-
ment of the same kind that we would give
any journalist in Vietnam who so requested
it.
To really get to the thrust of your question,
Mr. Chairman, it is up to them. They come
out; they are accredited; they are there like
other journalists and their programs are
theirs to arrange.
The CHAIRMAN. If they are not familiar
with the place, I would assume in the nor-
mal course of events you would take them
around and show them the places of interest.
I would have thought the answer was yes.
It wculd seent to me a rather dubious invest-
ment to bring a journalist from Europe or
Africa and then let him go on his own.
Mr. NICKEL. Tho answer is yes. I just want-
ed to make it clear that What is offered them
is what IS available for all the journalists
in Vietnam.
Justification for USIA third country jour-
nalist program questioned
The CHAIRMAN. I have some difficulty, I
may say, in reconciling this activity with the
mission of your agency that you describe.
I cannot quite fit this in as to how we are
justified as a government and as a people to
support this activity. I wish you would en-
lighten me a little as to the mos.?ling justi-
fying this activity of bringing foreign sour-
nalists to Vietnam to view the?
Mr. NICKEL. I think this Is another matter,
Mr. Chairman, which I will have to refer to
my superiors and I am sure they will furnish
a justification for it. I say that because it is
a program that is not within my purview in
terms of responsibility.
(The information referred to follows.)
Third country journalist program
"This activity, known within USIA as the
third country journalist program, was begun
In 1965 and is currently active. The records
of the Committee will reflect that, In hear-
ings on news policies in Vietnam on August
17, 1966, the Agendy provided a legal memo-
randum justifying this program. That record
also indicates that the Committee obtained
an opinion from the Comptroller General of
the United States on the program that found
the expenditure of funds for this program to
be proper."
The CHAIRMAN. I see. In other words, this
Is carried on, but you have no responsibility
for doing it. The decisions are all made here.
You would have to ask Mr. Shakespeare
about that; is that what you said?
Mr. /Cancers I am not sure that it would be
Mr. Shakespeare, but certainly one of my
principals in Washington.
The CHAIRMAN, I just use him. XIII Is the
nominal head of the Agency. It is quite right
he might not know about it, but someone at
that level would know. But you would not be
willing to share with me your views about the
Justification for such a program.
Third country journalists' briefing and
interviews
When these people arrive there, are they
normally given briefings by the Ainerican
'officials? ?
Mr. NICKEL. If they so requegt.
The CHAIRMAN. IS It 1101111(11 that they do
request such a briefing?
Mr. Nemec. I would say not necessarily, Mr.
Chairman.
The CHAIRMAN, No?
Mr. Nienef,. It is very hard to categorize
journalists in that regard.
The CHAIRMAN. Do they normally expect to
see military officials or the people in the Em-
bassy? What would you say was the norm?
Mr. NICKEL. Many of them, Mr. Chairman,
would like to interview senior ?Melilla in
Vietnam. I would ,nay, by and large, they are
asen239,01/121015 inc,IATROPuLINA4461340ANAYggt1,?6..t. it. do you know
whether when they return to their respective
countries they report and write their articles
Ina very sympathetic way to our purposes in
Vietnam?
Mr. NICKEL. I do not know enough about
it, sir, to be able to characterize it.
The CHAIRMAN. If they do not, It does not
seem justified to carry on the program. Is
there no followup to find mitt hoW they react?
Mr'. NICKEL. There is.
' The CirsIamtar. There is a followup?
Mr. NICKEL. There is, sir, but the follow-
up does not fall into my area of responsibility.
The CHAIRMAN. I see. Ion do not know, but
clearly they could want 1.o check to see if
these people reacted in the proper way and
if they appreciate the courtesies yon have
. extended them. Would they not?
Mr. NICKEL. I am sure that our people are
well aware of what was written by news-
papermen who have participated in this pro.
gram.
Program o/ bringing cove, netent officials to
Vietnam
The CHAIRMAN. Were you there when Mr.
'Moshe Doyen came to Viet lain?
Mr. NICKEL. No sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Was that before your tour
of duty?
Mr. NICKEL. That was be tore my time.
- The CHAIRMAN. Do you know anything
about the program of bringing government
officials there? You do not know about that?
MT. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. It 18 not your respon-
sibility.
Mr. NICKEL. It is not mine, and I am not
aware of any.
. The CHAIRMAN. You do not know about it.
In arranging interviews than the average
Journalist who Is accredited in Vietnam. ?
Witness' instructions concerning policy
questions
The CHAIRMAN. In this matter, do your
instructions with regard to the polls also in-
clude policy questions? Were you instructed
, not to discuss policy questions with the com-
mittee?
Polling by Oliver Quayle
The CHAIRMAN. Have you ever heard of Mr:
Oliver Quayle? Does that name means any-
thing to you?
? Mr. NICKEL. The name does not sound com-
pletely strange, but frankly I cannot associate
It with anything.
The CHAIRMAN. You associate Mr. Quayle
with something else; do you? That word used
to be common, but I have not heard it in that
-connection for a long- time. They have, de-
veloped new words. He is a well-known figure
In U.S. circles and has often done work test-
ing public opinion. In fact there 13 an article
in this morning's paper. One of the well-
known columnists apparently has been down
in Alabama with him this week. I happened
to see it this morning.
I wondered if you knew whether he had
ever visited Vietnam while you were there.
Apparently not. You are not acquainted with
his work?
Mr. NICKEL. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. He has done considerable
work in this country on the testing of atti-
tudes and opinions, and I think one of the
columnists sometime back mentioned that
he thought Mr. Quayle?hrid made a poll in
Vietnam. Whether he made it at the USIA's
request is another matter. We will try to
find that out from your superiors.
(The information referred to follows.)
Polling by Oliver Quayle
"U.S. Information Agency records indicate
that USIA has never commissioned Mr. Oliver ?
? Quayle to conduct a public opinion poll In
Vietntun.??
Orientation of USIA offices from Countries
other than Vietnam
Are USIA officers assigned in countries
other than Vietnam ever sent to Vietnam for
brief visits at Government expense?
Mr. NICKEL. USIA officers?
, The CHAIRMAN. Yes.
Mr. NICKEL. Yes; we bring some USIA of-
ficers to Vietnam for orientation.
The CHAnimme. Could you Indicate about
how many during the course of a year are
brought to Vietnam for the purpose?
Mr. 'NICKEL. I do not have specific figures
but, during the period I have been there, we
have brought groups of five officers, I would
say, to Vietnam two or three times a year for
orientation.
The CHAIRMAN. That means 15 or 20 officers
altogether?
Mr. Menet,. That is right.
The CHAIRMAN. What countries did they
come from while you were there?
Mr. NICKEL. They came front a variety of
countries.
The CHAIRMAN. Europe?
Mr. NICKEL, Europe, South America, and
East Asia.
The CHAIRMAN. The purpose of this orienta-
tion Is for them to go back and do what?
Mr. Niciter? Its purpose is to give them a
firsthand appreciation of the situation in
Vietnam.
Tho CumRmAre. Is it in order to aid them
in spreading the word when they get back to
their posts?
Mr. NICKEL. In order to enable them to bet-
ter speak to the situation.
Effect Of USIA third country journalist
program
The CHAIRMAN. With regard to the news-
papermen, what has been the effect and the
result of this program? Even though you did
Western influence on South Vietnamese
culture
There was a recent publication in the Viet-
nam Embassy here in Washington which con-
tains an article on what is happening to Viet-
namese culture. This is from a statement of
the Minister of Culture on which I would
like to have you commeut. It says and I
quote:
"Few of these young eitv people know
much about their own culture except for the
well-known festival such EIS Tet or the Mid-
Autumn Festival," says the scholar versed
in eastern and western cultures. "It is not
that they don't care. But access to western
ways is easier than access to traditional Viet-
namese culture. * ? *"
Radio and television are the media mainly
responsible for the chanes. As a Saigon
University coed says, "Probably 80 percent
or even more of the young people in Saigon
prefer western music and art. We like the
music especially. Few of us understand our
own culture, mainly beernefe we have never
had the opportunity to study its features.
But the western forms can no seen and heard
daily on the American forces radio and tele-
vision stations. And now even Vietnamese
radio and television have programs devoted
to western music."
Would you say that is nu accurate descrip-
tion-of what has taken place in Saigon?
Mr. NICKEL. Certainly a,?cuss to Western
culture is there, The communications ex-
plosion, I would say, Mr. Chairnian, has had
its effect in Vietnam as elsewhere. The youth
of Vietnam like the youth other countries
have been attracted by W,31.ern /OrI119. On
the other hand, in the countryside of Viet-
nam, the Vietnamese cultural impact is very
pronounced and very vlsiMe. I would say
from my own view that the ?uitural problem,
the problem of cultural ideuti ty in Vietnam,
is probably not much ditrereot from the prob-
lem of cultural Identity thim,. you find in most
developing nations today.
The CHAIRMAN. Du you bsean most devel-
oping nations or only those in which we have
is largo presence?
Mr. Menet, Pet-halm I will amend that to
say many developing natloys. It is largely a
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ble ot .avlialkppreliedeFertReleaSe
tar'iesion.
he CHATIIMAN, Is there any Indigenous
rsepetition In Snigon to the television and
rsdio systems which we have established?
5Ir. Wirer.. Well, Mr. Chnirman. on Viet-
-mess television, I believe that probably
j most popular program offered during a
1 ;pews schedule is a night devoted to Viet,-
:ramese opera. which is distinctly Vietnamese
ii forM and a very inherent part of their
dali cultural pattern. You find youngsters
foi well as elderly Vietnamese clustered
around the sets watching it.
impact of U.S. presence on Vietnamese
? culture
f.
The Cnarrnarahr. Do you think that the itn-
pacC of the U.S. presence in Vietnam on the
Vie tnamese culture hns been a favorable one?
Mr. NICICF.L. I would answer that, Mr.
chairman, by saying that whenever you in-
:riduco a half million foreigners into a
rluntry of a population of 17 million, there
are going to be dislocations and some of the
' lecations arc going to be cultural.
The Cueramax. Are you saying that the
presence of a half million soldiers is a greater
Influence than the presence of the USIA with
itt great publications, Its newspapers, maga-
ears, pamphlets, and posters? Which do you
think is the greater influence on the Viet-
:miles? culture?
Mr, NICKEL. What I am saying, Mr. Chair-
man, is that the presence of a half million
L,reigners in a nation of 17 Million people
Is bound to have some impact, some cultural
impact.
The CHAIRMAN. Supposing you did not have
any USIA, do you think there would be a
great impact if the foreigners were engaged
primarily in fighting out in the rice paddies?
Ail 1 mean is that It seems to me you prob-
ably are responsible fdr a greater part of the
Impact than the soldiers.
Mr. NICKEL. I would not discount the ef-
fect of the presence of a half million people.
The Cnantmax. I am out discounting it.
I do not suppose there are any easy criteria
by which we can measure that.
My Nickel, it ls getting late. I must say,
outside of those areas in which you have
been instructed not to answer my questions,
Ifni have been very forthcoming and I think
it has been a very interesting hearing. It
reruns to me that you have demonstrated
beyond a doubt that the presence of the
Americans is overwhelming. It has almost
submerged the indigenous traditions and
culture, at least in Saigon, although not in
wane of the remote areas where I suppose it
le different. But I hardly know how they
could resist it and maybe that is a good
thing. I do not know. I guess that is for his-
tory to determine.
I appreciate very much you and your col-
leagues coming here to the committee.
Questions on U.S. Information Agency Polls
We will take up with your superiors the
question of whether or not we are entitled to
the information about polls. I must say it
Is hard for me to find a justification for
secrets In an agency for information created
and paid or by the American people. I
thought it was to instruct everyone. When.
we ask you what you are doing, It seems to
ine it is a little incongruous for you to say,
We can't tell you about that." We expect
that from something liko the wA, but I was
a little surprised to have it coming from an
information agency. I had not thought of it
in that connection, but I realize you are not
1 he policymaker nor the highest responsible
nriletal and I do not criticize you for it. If
yell have been told to do that, I do not want
11 to cut your own throat out in the open
here before the committee. We will talk to
Mr. Shakespeare about it or someone else
In his agency.
Thank you very much, Mr. Nickel. r
Mr. Maim. Thank you Very much; ,? ?
2041/41411,5,.: 4.1A4RDP.7t3B00.296R00030,0240016-Erar 4"?
ad journed, rie:atecY to the call of the Chair.) tfLere be a year /rota nim.?
(The followlint are answers by the U.S. In-
formation Agency to achiltional committee
questions: )
USIA 11.EPLICA TO SVNATF: Formuira RELATIONS
Coral MITTI-31 STAFF' QuF.ETIONS
/. MI at is ihe current USIA policy with.
regard to having in its libraries in Viet Nam
books that are critical of U.S. policy in Viet-
Nam?' Would you name sonic of the books
currently stocked that arc critical of U.S.
Policy?'
The U.S. Information Agency's policy with
regard to critical books in Vietnamese libra-
ries is one of presrlating the issues, both pro
and eon, to interested readers. ?
Some typical titles on this subject in-
clude the following: J. W. Fulbriglit, The
'Arrogance nf Power (English and French
editions); and Robert Shaplen, The Lost Re-
volution. In addition the libraries have bal-
anced collections of periodicals, many or
which regularly have contents critical of
U.S. policy, including New Republic, Nation,
Harpers, Look, Life, Foreign Affairs, News-
week, Time, Saturday Review, Asian Survey,
New York Times Magazine, and the New
Yorker.
2. Have any films produced by the Viet-
namese Government been brought to the
United States for showing? If so, provide the
details.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has sent
the following GVN-produced 16 mm films
to the OVN's Embassy in Washington and to
the OVN's permanent observer to the United
Nations since January 1909:
GVN Observer
Title Language Embassy to U.N.
"Carnage at Hue" I English I print 1 print.
"Viet-Nam News Maga. do 2 prints.... 2 prints.
zinc"
"Love and Hatred" do 3 prints. . None,
"Viet-Nam Fights and Vietnamese 1 print Nona.
Builds."
"Back to the Father- .do
land."
None ? I print.
tin addition, approximately 28 prints ol "Massacre at Hue,"
which is the same as "Carnage at Hue," were sent by the GVN
to various U.S. civilian groups at the latter's request.
3. (a) Have there been any studies made of
the relative effectiveness of GVN and Viet
Cony political propaganda? (b) If so, what do
they show as to the effectiveness of the
various methods of propaganda used by each?
There is no record of any comparative,
studies. Typical Viet Cong propaganda stud-
ies report themes but no comparative eval-
uation. ,
4. How many TV sets are there in Viet-
Nam?in Vietnamese hands? How many are
owned by the Vietnamese Government? How
many were paid for by the United States?
The C1VN estimates that there are 300,000
'television sets in use by the Vietnamese, The
GVN owns 4,832 sets, of which 4,582 were
USG-funded-1,082 for the Republic of Viet-
Name Armed Forces (RVNAF), and 3,500 for
the Ministry of Information's community
viewing program.
6. How many TV crews does the USIA oper-
ate in Viet-Nam? What use is made of their
production?
USIA does not have any TV crews in Viet-
Nam. JUSPAO, however, does have six mo-
tion picture camiramen on its payroll, and
they are available to produce materials for a
TV clip service. Since January 1, 1200, JUS-
PAO has produced 108 TV clips for distri-
bution to USIS posts in 36 countries. When
clips are considered to have application to
Vietnamese audiences, they are offered to
Vietnamese TV.
6. (a) How does the number of personnel
now attached to the (I) USIA, (2) JUSPAO,
and (3), in military psychological operations
????-.^,
(0 Personnel IISIA nlemorit
American civilians _
Local and 3r1 conntry
How many will
Estimate,
1969 1970 1971
' a -
t )30
nationals .
Total
(2) Personnel ? JUSPAO:
397
527
American civilians ? _
$ 137.
Local and 31 country
nationals
317
American military porsomiti
118
Total
647
(3) Personnel? Military psycholoci-
99 88
347 1347
446 435
'Ill
347 341
107 107
555 544
? cal operations_ _ 811
I Includes 30 AID-funded, 6150)-funded, and 2 VOA-attached
officers.
I Includes 24 AID?tuunded, 2 'MD-funded, and I VOA-attached
oilicera.
Includes 14 AID-funded and 2 0 OD-funded officers.
Includes 133 RIO-funded i.ortnnnel.
Includes Ill AID-funded i?nntonnel.
Includes USIA element and 2 MACY civilians. a
USIA element.
1971 personnel level is sun in the planning stage where
Sums reduction Is being consir
6. (b) What percentage of all USIA per-
sonnel overseas are Inc Viet-Narn?
5.04 percent of all VSlA American and local
overseas personnel are in Viet-Nam.
U. (c) now many it'SPAO employees are
in Saigon and how many are in the field?
_ Of the total of 553 personnel, 389 are in
Saigon and 166 In the Acid!
Saigon ; Field
American civilians
American military personnel_
Local and 3d country national ,....
Total
78 .
34
277
23
73
70
389 166
7. Is the ? USIA consulted regularly con-
cerning future 'military operations, with
view to obtaining it. ussessment of the
feet of such opct.iPons on Victitete
attitudes?
? In Saigon, the Di, ector of JUSPAO -5-1(11
member of the Mission Council has the op-
portunity to advise the Ambassador and
fellow Mission Counli tnembers of possible
effects on Victname us attitudes of planned
' general and specific m 11 itary actions.
8. The injormat,on booklet entitled
"JUSPAO Viet-Nam" states that "It (JUS-
PAO) also produces Inr field use leaflets, pant-
phlets, newspaper articles and photographs,
posters, maga;:ines, loudspeaker tapes, mo-
tion pictures, and rrtdto and television pro-
grams. These items ire variously distributed
by hand, disseminated front airplanes or
broadcast by the GVN, the U.S., and other
free world notions."
B. (a) What was tie total number of pieces
printer/ or produced last year for each of
these categotes? What is planned for this
year? Next year?
Category
Estimate-
1969
1970 '
1971
Leaflets
36, onr, ono
10,
000, 000 5,
000, 000
Pamphlets
'3, 50L, 000
3,
000, 000 1,
500. 000
Newspaper articles
[.1)00
3.000
3,000
Photographs
sc. 000
36, 000
36, 000
P,sters
a 7, 801, 000
8,
000, 000 6,
000, 000
Magazines
I 9, 90f-, 000
9,
600, 000 7,
800, 000
Loudspeaker tapes
11.819
7,310
None
Motion picture prints__
1,514
655
600
Radio programs
1,271
1,048
450
'Television programsz
27
72
None
'The estimates provided in the Mar, 19, 1970, testimony
wore based on volume of U.S. support for the GVel printed
media program,
11HSPAO provided wripts 'rid culture-drama teem support to
GVN television, ?
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8. (b) Do these totals include the propa-
ganda materials put out by the U.S. military
forces? If not, how much did the military
produce last year? Where are these Materials
printed?
Military production, for which JUSPAO is
not responsible, last year included:
Category Quantity
Where produced
Leaflets 7.8 billion 1_. 7th Psy0P Group, Okinawa.
Do 2.4 billion It_ 4th Psy0p Group, Vietnam.
Pamphlets 0.5 million__ 718 Psy0p Group, Okinawa.
Newspaper Not
articles. applicable.
Photographs do
Posters 15.8 million._ 4th Psy0p Group, Vietnam.
Magazines 1.9 million__ 7th Psy0p Group, Okinawa.
Loudspeaker 1,327 4th Psy0p Group, Vietnam.
tapes.
Motion picture Not
prints. applicable.
Radio prograins_ 208 7th Psy0p Group, Okinawa.
Television pro- Not
giants. applicable.
'The estimate provided in the Mar. 19, 1970, testimony was
based on (eitt, not United States military publication programs.
8. (c) Does JUSPAO' print materials of the
Vietnamese government? How much of the
GVN printed propaganda is printed in its
own plants?
It is estimated that during FY 1970, ap-
proximately '70 percent of JUSPAO's printing
output provides information support to OVN
programs. Of the GVN's total support re-
quirements. JUSPAO estimates that the OVN
produces about 46 percent of the materials,
8. (d) Does JUSPAO produce materials for
use by the Korean and Thai forces in Viet-
Nam? Has it ever produced any materials
relating to allegations of Korean atrocities
against civilians?
JUSPAO does not regularly produce ma-
terials for vise by Korean and Thai forces.
However, records list the following printed
products:
11. (b) How much did the Vietnamese goo.
ernment spend on these programs last year>
How much is planned for this year?
Iln millions]
Category
Estimate,
1969 1970
Ministry of Informatioa $9.6 $19.7
RVNAF Psy War activates 1 4.9 4.$
Total 14.5 24,6
I No detailed breakout of GVN funds expended tor 1969 is
available. However, officials estimate that the amount is win-
mately the sante as pc-crowed for the current year.
12. (a) How many U.S. personnel work
directly in or with GVN agencies concerned
with propaganda or information matters?
U.S. civilians U.S. tnililsib
JUSPAO 67
USMACV__
101
167
_
Category
Date
Quantity
How used
Total_-_ 67
274
Two posters in Vietnamese
1968
30000
By Koreans troops.
Paper flags, ROK, GVN, mai United States__
1968
12,000
Do.
'This total includes IS NBC/1 contractual personnel.
Booklet, in Korean
1969
15,000
By Korean troops involved In the Chieu Hol program.
Poster, in Vietnamese
1968
50, 000
By Vietnamese Information SetvIce to reveal Thai assistance to
Vietnam.
12. (b) How many Americans work in the
JUSPAO has not produced any materials
relating to allegations of Korean atrocities.
8. (e) How many publications, in English,
concerning Viet-Nam have been produced by
USIA and are currently in stock? Please pro-
vide copies of these publications, informa-
tion on the distribution and the cost of each.
USIA has one such publication in stock,
"Vietnamizing the Search for Peace," printed
in 20,000 copies of which 19,270 were distrib-
uted to 13 USIS posts in East and South
Asia, and the remaining 280 copies held in
stock. In addition, JUSPAO has one English-
language publication in stock, "Viet-Nam
1970," printed for the GVN in 20,000 copies
by the Regional Production Center, Manila,
atribution was made to the GVN Ministry
.il'zreign Affairs and 29 GVN diplomatic
osts Washington), 11,800; GVN
nstry oninformation, 6,500; 29 USIS posts
whe-iyety are GVN diplomatic posts, 475
for inforination; RSC reserve stock, 1,000;
JUSPAO reserve stock, 225.
Cost of "Vietriamizing the Search for
Peace" is .7 cents per copy, and "Viet-Nam
ENO" is 20 cents per copy.
8. (f) How many of these publications do
not bear the USIA imprint? Why?
"Viet-Nam 1970" does not bear the USIA
imprint but rather that of the GVN Ministry
of Information. The publication was origi-
nally published in Vietnamese (100,000
copies) at the GVN's request for GVN use;
the subcequent English language verislon was
likewise printed for GVN use.
9. (a) What facilities does the Armed
Forces Radio and Television Network main-
tain in Viet-Nam?
Ito kilowatts]
Rattle/ Radio/ Television/
Location AM power FM power ER power
? Quang Tr! 1 411
?army 10 . 25 40
, Chu Lai 1 40
Pleiku 10 25 40
OM Nhon 10 25 40
Toy lloa , 40
Nita Tong 10 25 40
Saigon 50 100 240
Can The ii
011F translator.
9. (b) flow many hours is the Armed Forces
TV station in operation daily cont pared with
the operating hours for the GVN station?
Armed Forces TV stations average 12 hours
of daily operations. Three of the OVN TV sta-
tions average four hours daily; the fourth
station (Saigon) averages five hours.
9. (c) How many Vietnamese watch the
Armed Forces TV network compared with the
number who watch the GVN station?
A comparison has not been established.
10. (a) How much has been spent, or is
planned to be spent, by the USIA and other
U.S. agencies, to help build the physical
plants for the GVN radio and television, film,
printing and other information programs?
Since 1985 and projected to the completion
of the current OVN projects, U.S. agencies
have spent or plan to spend the following
amounts: 4-station radio network, $6.84ial1-
lion; television network, $8.2 million; motion
picture center, $2.5 million; information
printing house, 8234,000; other physical
plants, none. ?
10. (b) HOW much has the GVN put up for
each of these categories?
Actual amounts earmarked for physical
plants for GVN media facilities are not iden-
tified per se in the GVN budget, However,
for the period since 1965, the following
monies, Including those for any physical
plants, have been spent or earmarked for:
radio, $8.3 million; television, $4.2 million;
motion picture center, $2.7 million; informa-
tion printing house, $1.8 million; and Min-
istry of Information General Directories and
the Vietnamese Information Service, $47.6
million.
11. (a) What was the total amount spent
last year by the United States on all phases
of the information and psychological war-
fare program in Vietnam, including the costs
for all aspects of military psychological op-
erations? How much will be spent this year?
Next year?
lb n millions ol dollars]
Category
Esthuato -
? 1969 1970 1971
Joint U.S. Public Aftairs Office con-
trolled programs _ __ 13.3 12.1 9, 7
U.S. military programs 14.6 10.7 (t)
-_---------
Total 27.9 22.8
11971 funding level is still in the planning stage where some
reduction is being considered.
OVN radio network?
Three JUSPAO advisors. /n addition, there
Is one technical sdvisor assigned to the
EVNAF radio broach,
How many Americans work In the GVN
television activities
Sixteen contract ual advisors (National
Broadcasting Cowpony, Inc.) and three other
JUSPAO advisors In addition, there is one
technical advisor assigned to the RVNAIr tel-
evision branch.
How many Americans in GVN films?
Two JUSPAO advssors.
13. What is the purpose and scope of oper-
ation Of "psychotogleal operations officers"
attached to U.S. advisory teams in the pro-
vinces? How many are there?
They advise Vietrunese Information Serv-
ice (VIS) and I tetnamese Army political
warfare (PolWar) milts in the provinces on
effective coordinal ed information/psycholog-
ical operations in support of national and
local Pacinication and Development goals.
There are 31 civilians and military "psycho-
logical and military "psychological opera-
tions officers" at tached to U.S. advisory
teams in the provinces to concentrate on
the functions of the GVN civilian informa-
tion services; an additional 43 military otti-
cers serve as ruivi .or s to the GVN military
political warfare cadre.
14. What control, if any, does the USIA
have over the activ -Lies of the five Army tele-
vision camera crews operating in Viet Natn
that produce matt-rittls aimed at U.S. tele-
visions audiences?
None.
15. Have the Vie -Nam Information Serv-
ices and other Vi 'I. Nam agencies dealing
with propaganda mar ters been receptive to
USIA advice?
They have been i,euerally receptive to ad-
vice in program, training, and engineering
matters. Advice in administrative matters
has been less eneel
16. (a) How many members of Viet-Nama
National Assembly have Come to the United
States in the last two years? How massy have
had all or part of their expenses paid for by
the United St.ttes?
During the past 2 years, 3 Vietnamese sen-
ators and 42 deputies visited the United
States. Ten senators and 10 deputies traveled
in whole or in p.m -t at U.S. Government
expense. Of these 2,), six senators and five
deputies were provided domestic travel ex-
penses and per diens from the Department of
Stale in response to invitations issued by
members of the U.S. Congress.
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Is. (b) DOCS the USIA sponsor rmy Viet-
namese to come to the United States on
speaking tours? If no, give details.
None.
17,. (a) now mnny Vietnamese have been
brought to the United States for study or
mining (non-military) in the last five years
under government auspices?
Program
1965 1966 1961 1968 1969 Total
felbrichtllays
scholarships 9
Cleveland inter-
national program 2
fastWest center
scholarships 2
American field service
scholarships 15 14 48 33 23
MID grants 101 92 412 433 186
Total ...... 135 119 470 473 214
6 0 0 Ii
2 3 2 2
5 7 5 2
16
11
21
133
1,230
1,411
IPartial grant. '
17. (b) How many are here now?
program!
PulbrIght-Bays scholarship
East-West Center scholarships
' American field service scholar-
ships
Television engineers to RCA In-
stitute
'MAID grants
Total
1
13
30
5
524
575
17. (c) How many arc programed to come
this year/ Next Year?
Program 1970 . 1971
Cleveland international program 2 2
fast?West Center scholarships 5 5
20
411
Amerinn Field Service scholarships 20
MID grants (new) '1 331
85010 grants (renowals) 384 448
?_?._
Total 742 886
I Although new participants have been selected and funds
obligated, they no authorized to depart Vietnam up lo 9 months
alter the obligation date.
111110..1
By Mr. JACKSON (for himself
and Mr. ALLOTT) (by request) :
S. 1398. A bill to amend the Water Re-
sources Planning Act to authorize in-
creased appropriations. Referred to the
Committee nn Interior and Insular Af-
fairs.
Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, on be-
half of the senior Senator from the State
of Colorado (Mr. Acton.) and myself, I.
send to the desk for appropriate refer-
ence a bill to amend the Water Resources
Planning Act to authorize increased ap-
propriations.
This legislation was submitted and
recommended by the Water Resources
Council, and I ask unanimous consent
that the executive communication ac-
companying the draft proposal be printed
in the RECORD at this point in my re-
marks.
There being no Objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL,
Washington, D.O., March 11, 1911.
Hon. SPIRO T. AGNEW,
President of Senate
Washington, D.C. ,
DEAR M. PRESIDENT: Enclosed is a proposed
draft bill "to amend tho Water Resources
Planning Act to authorize increased appro-
priations." At present, the Act ('19 Stat. 244,
42 USC 1062 et seq.). contains a Ooralitned
ceiling of $000,000 for the Council's admin-
istration of the Act, consisting of a ceiling
of $500,000 for Title I and $400,000 for the
administration of Title III. The bill proposes
to eliminate these ceilings so as to aCcomino-
date the Administration's proposerisFY 1972
budget for the Connell and to permit any
necessary future increase in funds that could
be made,avaiinble.
The separate authorization ceilings for the
administrntion of Titles I and III have
proved.to be somewhat artificial and imprac-
tical In actual operation, and we believe that
the authorization for. the Council's admin.
Istration of the Act .should be combined as
proposed III the bill. This change will result
ln more eincient administration and more
accurately reflect the Council's organiza-
tional structure.
Authorization ecIlIngs for river basin com-
missions established under Title II of the
Act would mat be changed by this bill. It
would, however, clarify the budgetary pro-
cedure for such commissions by providing
explicitly that the salaries and expenses of
commission chairmen are subject to the Title
II ceilings.
Tho ceiling on grant funds to States, set
at $5,000,000 In the Act, would not be af-
fected by this bill. .
The Office of Budget and Management ad-
vises that this bill would bo In accordance
with the program of the President.
Sincerely yours,
ROGERS C. B. MORTON,
Chairman.
By Mr. JACKSON (for himself
and Mr. ALLOrr) (by request) :
S.1369. A bill to establish within the
Department of the Interior the position
of an additional Assistant Secretary of
the Interior. Referred to the Committee
on Interior and Insular Affairs.
Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, I intro-
duce, for myself and the senior Senator
from Colorado (Mr. ALLOTT), by request,
a bill submitted and recommended by
the Secretary of the Interior to establish
within the Department of the Interior
tho position of an additional Assistant
Secretary of the Interior.
I ask unanimous consent that the text
of the letter transmitting the proposed
legislation be printed at this'point in my
remarks.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,
? Washington, D.C., March 23, 1971.
Ron. SPIRO T. AGNEW,
President of the Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: There is enclosed a
draft bill "To provide that the unincor-
porated territories of Guam and the Virgin
Islands shall each be represented in Congress
by a Delegate to the House of Representa-
tives."
We recommend that the enclosed draft
bill be referred to the appropriate committee
for consideration and that it be enacted.
This proposal is identical to RR. 10413, a
bill which was favorably reported out by
the Committee on Interior and Insular Af-
fairs of the Home of Representatives during
the 01st Congress. This is a proposal that
Is acknowledged to be peculiarly within the
province of the Congress since it concerns
the membership In the Rouse of Representa-
tives.
We have 'included both territories in the
Same bill since apart from their acquisition,
Guam having been acquired from Spain' in
1898 and the Virgin Islands having been pur-
chased from Denmark in 1917, their status
and development) lel one another. Both
Guinn and the Virsin Ishii-Ai are organized,
but unincorporatert. ,erritories of tins United
States; 1.e., the C,rr;rec3 hat; provided, for
each of them a 10,-tral strurture of govern-
ment through pirn.,g^ of an organic act. Tho
resident S of both I., rrttorie::: are American
citizens.
The territories air' governed by locally
elected legislatures airs recently inaugurated
their first elected Governors on January 4,
1971, In each area. t ie judiciary is sepasate
from the executive nod legislative' branches
of government,. FelErn al District Courts have
been established in Guam and the Virgin
Islands.
In the Virgin 1;]ands, the elected legisla-
ture has shown an irt?rensIngly mature grasp
of its responsibilities, and, politically, the
people have n men ninisful party
system. The territorial government has
greatly CX1Y1 tided Lior scope of services,
and the private cc maorny hos likewise prom-
perecl, largely beclitm of the Increase of
tourism and of mairsiractoring enterprises of '
various sizes. ?
Similar political ntaturity has be-an evi-
denced by the les-1st:1111re and the people
of Guam. Guam is an area of full employ-
ment and is actively engaged in diversifying
its economy In order to be less dependent
upon the defense establishments, located
there.
Normally, neither t-rritory approaches the
Congress for direct 7, pproprlationa to support
its governmental astivities. The present ex-
ception is Guam's rsquests for loans and
grants authorized Is connection with tho re-
habilitation program authorised by Public
Law 88-170, as ami.nited by Public Law DO-
511. This is not to soy that either territory
Is entirely self-suppsrsing, but only that each
of the two terrItorir tt !a able to finance its af-
fairs through revenires generated locally,
either directly or infirectly, and retained and
expended pursuant to Congressional au-
thorization. '
We believe each of I he territories of Guam
and the Virgin Wands should linve rep-
resentation in the 'tfrinse of nepresentatives
in tho form of a non-voting delegate, Elicit
Congress considers slid acts upon a variety of
proposals which, if enacted, affect the ter- ?
ritories and their pronle in varying degrees,
sometimes only reou,tely, but often in a
direct and substrini.Int way. We submit the
citizen residents of toes() territories are as
entitled as the .citizens of the several States
to express their views respecting the actions
of the Congress thsough a duly accredited
and accepted member of the Home of Rep-
resentatives, albeit one with limited powers.
The enclosed draft bill, if enacted, would
provide for the reprstientation we suggest. It
Provides for the prsuitar election of a non-
voting delegate to the House of Representa-
tives from each of the named territories, ?
whose term would bv two years, and who
would receive the sane compensation, al-
lowances and benefits as a Member of Con-
gress, and such privileges as might be af-
forded him by the Rules of the Douse of
Representatives. Thi, draft bill sets forth cer-
tain criteria and procedures for candidates
and the manner of election, but leaves tho
majority of the details of election in the
hands of the local lerislatures.
The Ornee of Management and Budget has
adVised Us that these- is no objection to tho
presentation of this draft bill from the
standpoint of the Administration's progrjun. '
Sincerely yours,
:itor.Lis M.
Assistant Secretary of the Interior.
A bill to provide that tho unincorporated
territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands
shall each be represented in Congress by a
Delegate to the House of Representatives
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives o/ the United States of
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