THE INVASION OF LAOS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP73B00296R000300090043-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 17, 2001
• Sequence Number: 43
• Publication Date: February 9, 1971
• Content Type: OPEN

H 564
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE ebruwia,y 9, 1971
engineers annually from 1972 to 1976
than present higher education institu-
tions will produce. Projecting these flg-
ures across all of the environmental sci-
ences can only lead to the conclusion
that there is a severe need for tech-
nically trained persons, and, the logical
source of supply would be the displaced
aerospace and defense engineers, scien-
tists, and technicians.
Consequently, I have worked with
local educational institutions and of I-
cials to create a Center for Regional,
Environmental Training and Research-
Retro-in central Florida which will
coordinate retraining programs in the
environmental and also conduct research
and development projects for Federal,
State, and local agencies. This R. & D.
project would provide on-the-job train-
ing while, at the same time, provide solu-
tions to pressing environmental prob-
lems. Because it is an ideal natural lab-
oratory and possesses the manpower and
economic resources, I am hopeful that
this Center will become a national stim-
ulus for utilizing the displaced profes-
sionals in a mushrooming area of na-
tional priority.
THE INVASION Off' LAO
(Mr. BINGHAM asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, in
approving a major invasion of Laos,
actively supported by American airpower
and firepower, and apparently directed
by American officers in Saigon, the
President has struck yet another deva-
stating blow at the central pillar of our
American form of government, the sepa-
ration of powers. Once again the consti-
tutional authority of the Congress over
questions of war and peace has been
bypassed. The President has played
games with congressional declarations of
policy embodied in the law. The Congress
itself has been tricked and demeaned.
Mr. Speaker, I call upon those Mem.-
hers of the House who so often in he
past have been quick to rise in protest
against any slight to the authority of the
Congress in respect to other Government
activities to speak out against Presiden-
tial authoritarianism in this case, and to
act against it.
Mr. Speaker, in 1969 and again in 1970
the Congress wrote into law that no
defense appropriation should be used for
ground combat operations in Laos. Did
anyone suppose at the time that the
President, sworn to uphold the Consti-
tution and the law, would send in
American-operated helicopters to land
allied ground troops, to give them air
combat and artillery support, and to take
the American casualties inevitable in
such an operation?
Does anyone suppose that if the
President had asked the Congress to
approve such an American operation in
advance he would have obtained such
approval?
No one would have the gall so to
What can the Congress then do about
it?
As the first step, the Congress should
quickly require an end to the Laotian
operation, and a bill to that end, of which
I am proud to be a cosponsor, has been
introduced by the gentleman from
Massachusetts (Mr. HARRINGTON), H.R.
3633.
Second, the Congress should enact
legislation effectively to protect its con-
stitutional authority over questions of
war and peace. Since both Houses must
concur in a declaration of war, the
President should not be able to carry out
undeclared wars unless both Houses
concur, at least tacitly. This result can
be assured by giving to either House the
power to require the termination of un-
declared hostilities. I plan to reintroduce
legislation to this effect tomorrow.
THE INVASION OF
(Mrs. ABZUG asked and was
permission to address the House
minute.)
given
for 1
war, and 73 percent, a.~e.)rding to the
recent Gallup poll, ar, for complete
withdrawal. This is not a war of the Viet-
namese people. The corrupt and undem-
ocratic Thieu-Ky regime, .vhich we bol-
ster, does not represent the Vietnamese
people. This is a war of the ruling mili-
tary groups of South Vietnam and the
United States, and President Nixon is
riding this tragic whirly nd through the
jungles of Asia. Indeed, it is responsible
and will ultimately be he-lc to account by
history for his mistakei .toliey in Asia,
providing the recklessnc -s of that policy
does not bring about ar:other world war
and render us bankrupt economically.
The Vietnamization )clicy has been
successful if one measu e, it by the fact
that we seek to trans o-m the South
Vietnamese Army int ) the invading
champion of Southeasi Asia, and now
give them Laos to tes, their strength.
We were told that the purpose of our in-
volvement in South Vietnam was to en-
able the South Vietnan-se to become
strong enough to defeni themselves and
assure self-determination Yet today we
see that Vietnamizati?ees as President
Nixon means it is the cc;nciuest of South-
east Asia by the South''ie,tnamese Army
and the indefinite prese -ice of U.S. troops
there to help them. They have invaded
two countries in the la .?< Year, once with
our overt support in C: irbodia and this
time with everything e :cept U.S. troops
on the ground.
Where do we go nex :, Mr. President?
Thailand, Burma, or North Vietnam?
And as we invade the i , eedom of others
we do so at the cost of emtinued impris-
onment of 300,000 of o it own American
soldiers in Vietnam.
I hope that other 14 embers will join
in cosponsoring the Ha rington-McClos-
key amendment and tkrat we will bring
this measure to the flo,ir for a favorable
vote. I believe it is time that the House
took decisive action to spell out for the
administration the plsiir fact that the
American people wan an end to this
idiocy in Southeast As' ; that they want
our soldiers home again before another
year -passes; and that invasions in the
name of peace will sera only to prolong
this bitter war.
(Mrs. ABZUG asks and was given
permission to revise at ed extend her re-
marks.)
Mrs. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, today I
join the distinguished gentleman from
Massachusetts (Mr. HARRINGTON) and
the gentleman from California (Mr.
McCLOSKEY) and others in cosponsoring
legislation to prohibit any U.S. military
involvement in or connected with the
nation of Laos. This legislation, which is
in the form of an amendment to the
Special Foreign Assistance Act of 1971,
Public Law 91-652, would prohibit the
use of Federal taxpayers' funds, in any
form, from supporting any kind of mili-
tary operations in Laos-including U.S.
ground combat troops, U.S. advisers to
or for Laotian military forces, U.S. air
or sea support for any military opera-
tions in Laos, or any other kind of U.S.
support for military operations of any
nation in Laos.
in the last few days the American peo-
pre have been subjected to an object
lesson in what Senator FULBRIGHT once
described as as "arrogance of power."
We have witnessed the incredible spec-
tacle of the Nixon administration blithe-
ly embarking on a second invasionary
expedition into countries neighboring on
South Vietnam, in violation of the neu-
trality and the sovereignty of Laos, in
violation of the Geneva Accords of
1962, and in violation of the in-
tent, if not of the letter, of legislation-
the Church-Cooper amendment-passed
by the Congress last year. This was done
in secrecy from the press and from the
Congress of the United States. But the
secrecy with which this illicit mission
was undertaken is not the real or the
principal issue. Nor is the protection of
American troops still in Vietnam the
real issue. The best way to protect
American lives would be to get Ameri-
can troops out of Vietnam, as every
American knows, and the sooner the bet-
ter. The real issue is the fact that Presi-
dent Nixon is fully engaged on a theater-
wide conflict throughout all of South-
east Asia and is following a program
that was mapped out by the Pentagon
long before the President took office.
Today we are fighting a general's war
in Asia. This is not a war of the Ameri-
can people. The American people elected
President Nixon to get 'them out of the
, VASION
(Mr. 03NLT ',L- Mt tsachusetts asked
and was given permiss an to address the
House for 1 minute, to -( vise and extend
his remarks and in dude extraneous
matter.)
Mr. O'NEILl' of 1Vi -?s ;achusetts. Mr.
Speaker, a headline i Monday morn-
ing's paper says that ,ae. critics are re-
signed to the Laotian i v anion. I am sure
it is true that some of the most outspok-
en critics of the war s re resigned to the
fact that the Preside- .-t arbitrarily and
without consulting o= .wen informing
the Congress has inva 1e1 another coun-
try just as he did a yea ego.
Of course I am plea e d that no Amer-
ican ground combat foroes were used. I .
am sure that had w ? not passed the
Cooper-Church amens 3nrnt, they would
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February 9, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
inner-city groups as Shaw People for Urban
Renewal (SPUR), Congress Heights Associa-
tion for Services and Education (CHASE),
Congress Heights Committee for Health fa-
cilities and Medical Services and the Wash-
ington Metropolitan Planning and Housing
Association.
Through these and other academic offer-
ings, GW seeks to provide future leaders with
the knowledge, experience, and motivation
to devote a lifetime to coping with the prob-
lems which the nation is, and will be, facing.
The Metropolitan Washington Board of
Trade paid tribute to the University on Jan-
uary 19, 1971, at a special Sesquicentennial
Luncheon. Almost 500 government, business
and industrial leaders honored The George
Washington University for its 150 year-con-
tribution to our nation and the Metropoli-
tan Washington Area. Congratuatory mes-
sages were read during the festivities in-
cluding:
"Throughout its eventful history the
George Washington University has responded
with strength and imagination to the chang-
ing academic needs of our growing society."
President Richard M. Nixon-The White-
House.
"George Washington University's 150 years
of growth and steady progress, and its signifi-
cant future plans, combine to constitute an
exemplary source of great inspiration to the
City of Washington and to the entire metro-
politan community. Even beyond the aca-
demic contributions, we are aware of the sig- ord of service of so many of my fellow
nificant economic impact that is made by the graduates. The George Washington Uni-
University to the general welfare of our citi- versity has produced more graduates in
zens." Commissioner Walter E. Washington-
Di the foreign service and in top Federal po-
"Mar o ders-as a. well as the people of all sitions than any other college or univer-
the 50 states and many foreign nations-can sity in the Nation. In the 92d Congress
take great pride in the outstanding educa- there are five Senators and 12 Congres:>-
tionai and cultural opportunities offered by men who graduated from G.W. J. Edgar
The George Washington University." Gov. Hoover, George Romney, and David
Marvin Mandel---State of Maryland. Kennedy are also graduates. It is no acci-
"For 150 years George Washington Univer- dent that G.W. has been called the alma
city has made a continuing contribution to mater of Federal declslonmakers.
higher education throughout the world. We Of course many things have changed
in Virginia feel a particular bond to an in-
stitution whose alumni can be found in the last 150 years. And an institution
throughout the Commonwealth." Gov. Lin- which rigidly rejected change could cer-
wood Holton-Commonwealth of Virginia. tainly not have survived all these year:,.
Mr. Speaker, I know that my cIt is to the credit of the university and
in the peake , would know that my Join colleagues l in ues its administration over the years that it
tending congratulations to the George has met the demands of the in reasingl:y
Washington University on the occasion complex world and adapted itself to the
W
W its gtoncen University on the occasion Without this willingness to change
the university could never have earned
PRESIDENT CAN ACHIEVE A
STABLE ECONOMY
(Mr. ARCHER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, in his eco-
nomic report to the Congress, President
Nixon has wisely rejected the gratuitous
advice from some quarters that the Gov-
ernment should intervene more heavily
in our free enterprise market.
The President has recognized that
strong action must be taken to hold back
the spiraling wage and price increases
but he is also well aware of the dangers
in instituting wage and price controls.
Using, as he says he will, all the effec-
tive and legitimate powers of Govern-
ment to strengthen the free market
forces that hold prices down, the Presi-
dent can achieve a stable economy with-
out resorting to the crippling effect of
Government controls.
We can be thankful that this adminis-
tration has a healthy respect for the free
marketplace and cannot be panicked into
H 563
extreme Government actions. As the _ tional needs, and a few years later these
President said, he has a policy of action: highly trained people are callously
but not a policy of merely action for dumped into a depressed job market.
action's sake. 'Chis lack of planning or anticipating
THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF TILE
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVEI?.-
SITY
(Mr. SEBELIUS asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
mark-s.)
Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Speaker, on Feb-
ruary 9, 1821, President James Monroe
signed a congressionally approved charg-
er establishing the George Washington
University. This year the university Is
celebrating its 150th anniversary. For
the past 150 years George Washington
University has been a well-known and
respected institution of learning, and it
is my belief, and the belief of many
others, that it will continue as such for
the next 150 years.
I am proud to say that I awn an alum-
nus of this great Institution. In 1939 I
graduated from the George Washingtc-n
National Law Center. As an alumnus. I
its reputation as an institution which
provides future leaders with the knowl-
edge and experience to deal with th-i
problems of today and tomorrow.
I would like to join with my felloii
George Washington University graduates
in wishing our almamater another 150
years of service-
CONVERSION RESEARCH AND EDU-
CATION ACT OF 1971
(Mr. FREY asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, I amn pleased
to be a cosponsor of the Conversion Re-
search and Education Act of 1.970 which
is being reintroduced today. Since my
district includes the Kennedy Space
Center, I am well aware of the serious
dislocations caused by changes in na-
tional priorities and the lack of a na-
tional policy to deal with such disloca-
tions.
Periodically, the Federal Government
urgently seeks professional talent to
meet what are thought important na-
changes in national priorities is tragic.
It is tragic not only because It evidences
poor management and a waste of val-
uable national resources, but also be- -
cause it shows a lack of concern by us
in the Federal Government for the, in-
dividuals involved.
The space program Is a perfect ex-
ample. In order to realize the goal of
placing a man on the moon by 1970, the
Congress appropriated massive funds and
put maximum emphasis on the space
program. Brevard County in which the
Kennedy Space Center is located became
the fastest growing county in the Nation.
Approximately 40 percent of the total
work force were in professional and man-
agerial occupations reflecting the fact
that service and support was the main
requirement, rather than manufacturing
of aerospace equipment.
During 1970, the economy of the area
changed, dramatically. Significant reduc-
tion in both NASA and Department of
Defense budgets brought about a total
reduction of 16,000 jobs at the Kennedy
Space Center and the Air Force Eastern
Test Range. The unemployment rate in
the area has risen from 1.9 percent in
1966 to almost 8 percent. A large per-
centage of those unemployed are well-
educated with considerable technical ex-
pertise, are in the middle age bracket,
and have large family and financial ob-
ligations..
Mr. Speaker, we have a moral obliga-
tion to those displaced professionals and
their families. It was: the Congress who
made it a national policy to lure- well-
qualified professionals away from other
areas to be retrained in aerospace and de-
fense science and engineering. Thus, we
in the Congress are obliged to fund con-
version research and the retraining of
these highly skilled people to work in
other emerging areas of national im-
portance.
The bill we are introducing today au-
thorizes funds needed. to effectively meet
the challenges of a nation in transition
and, at the same time, sets forth a na-
tional policy which, hopefully, will an-
ticipate and prepare for future changes
in national priorities. The combination
of retraining programs and research, aid
to small businesses, and the establish-
ment of nonprofit community conversion
corporations will go a long way toward
meeting the immediate problem. On th:e
other hand, the establishment of an Ad-
visory Commission on Research and De-
velopment Conversion together with a
research program for the National Sci-
ence Foundation will result in the an-
ticipation. and identification of changing
priorities,.
An area of great potential, especially
for those in the aerospace field, for uti-?
lizing the skills of the professional un-
employed is the environmental sciences.
With public interest in improving the
environment so high and the shortfall
in expertise, this area is a natural. The
Federal Water Pollution Control Admin-
istwration has estimated that the water
pollution control field alone will require
2,400 more water quality management
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Feb r~cary 9, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
have been used, and I am very grateful.
that this action and act of responsibility
on the part of Congress saved a great
many American lives. But American air
power has made this invasion by the
South Vietnamese possible. Therefore, it;
is as much our invasion as was the Cam-
bodian invasion of 1970, and yet there is
no hue and cry over this invasion.
Perhaps we are resigned to it. But I re-
fuse to let this happen in total silence,
There can be no doubt about this lat-
est action on the part of the administra-
tion. We have opened another front in
the war. We have invaded another sov-
ereign country. We have expanded an
ever widening war that is supposedly
winding down.
The promises of the 1970 campaign
have been broken already, and once
again we see that the administration
considers the executive branch of Gov-
ernment the only branch responsible for
military actions. President Nixon has
been President for more than 2 full
years, and now instead of just having a
war in Vietnam, we have a war in Cam-
bodia and now a war in Laos.
Last May, our objections were met
with fiat statements from the adminis-
tration that the invasion of Cambodia
was a single and final act that would end
enemy infiltration of Cambodia and se-
cure that country for the free world.
Today, the North Vietnamese control
more of Cambodia than they ever did,
and it is reasonably estimated that they
could seize the capital and the rest of
the country at will if they so desire.
Our invasion of that country, the divi-
sions we created, and the atrocities per-
petrated in our name have probably lost
Cambodia to us more than has any ac-
tion, either militarily or politically, on
the part of the North Vietnamese.
Are we doing this once more in a third
Country-Laos?
It appears so.
Once again, we are promised that this
is a single and final action. That it is
done to interdict the delivery of supplies
and to prevent buildups before the rainy
season. Yet our experience in Cambodia
should teach us otherwise.
The Kingdom of Laos is sorely divided,
and I doubt that our sponsorship of a
foreign invasion will strengthen the
forces of the Royal Lao. I think this in-
vasion, like the Cambodian invasion, is
a grave error, for it aggravates tension
within those countries, it accomplishes
little militarily, and it is an affront to
all those that believe in international law
and the sovereignty of borders.
Last May, we were told that President
Nixon had ordered the invasion of Cam-
bodia to break up Viet Cong supply lines,
save American lives, and protect South
Vietnam. We are now told that there has
been an invasion of Laos to stop Com-
munist supply lines, save American lives,
and protect Cambodia. Whom will we
invade to protect Laos?
There are those that say the President
is making a'big splash to cover the re-
treat of American forces. If this is to
appease the hawks, I am appalled. If
this is to show the South Vietnamese
that we support them, I am dismayed.
I do not understand why it is apparent
only to critics of the war that it is ex-
panding: The administration does not
see it that way. They see the invasion
of Cambodia and the invasion of Laos as
a narrowing of the war. Yet, the fact
that we have been fighting increasingly
and spending 200 times as much money
in Cambodia as we was originally planned
does not seem to be an extension of our
involvement or an extension of the war
in the eyes of the administration.
It does seem that way to me.
I have no doubt that the administra-
tion will claim a success in the invasion
of Laos, just as there was a "successful"
invasion of Cambodia.
But if last May's experience teaches
us anything. "success" means Communist
forces growing in strength and popular-
ity-with the Pathet Lao controlling more
and more of the country as their counter-
parts now do in Cambodia.
Our intervention, designed to stop the
growth of Communist forces, has had
an opposite effect.
As the editorial in the Boston Sun-
day Globe yesterday pointed out, it ap-
pears that the administration has for-
gotten that Laos borders on Communist
China. It has forgotten what happened
at the Yalu River during the Korean war,
and that there are limits to intervention.
I would like to quote from that edi-
torial, for it is succinct and to the point:
The Nation has been told repeatedly that
we seek no wider war, and always the war
widens. It is always done in the name of
assuring the safety of our troops, and what
we wind up supporting in their name is
one weak, corrupt foreign government after
another. And all this is done to oppose com-
munism, which is a word that simply has
no meaning to Asians.
By May, when the rainy season begins
again, we shall still have 284,000 troops in
Vietnam and be supporting in one way or
another who knows how many invasions of
nearby countries. We cannot begin to emerge
from this morass until President Nixon sets
a firm date for our total withdrawal, as
Hanoi has demanded and as 73 percent of
the American people, according to a recent
Gallup Poll, now believe he should do.
The war widens, Americans are killed,
our economy flounders. There are almost
six million Americans out of work be-
cause our resources are being wasted in
Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. These
great events affecting the very quality
of American life occur in silence and in
ignorance.
The news embargo has been successful
in that Americans know less about this
invasion than do the rest of the people
of the world.
With insufficient information and with
no direct reports either from our Govern-
ment or the press, it is not easy to com-
ment in depth. But with the scarce in-
formation we have, I feel it is incumbent
upon me as the representative of the
Eighth District of Massachusetts to pro-
test this widening of the war, this cir-
clunvention of the Cooper-Church
amendment.
I cannot sit by and allow the adminis-
tration to commit American men and
the future of our Nation to another war
without speaking out. I protest this
action, and I protest the President ignor-
ing American public opinion, the ex-
pressed desires of the Congress and re-
H 565
fusing to consult with thl elected repre-
sentatives of the people.
PARLIAMENTARY NQUIRY
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Spet o r, a parlia-
mentary inquiry.
The SPEAKER. The -ntleman will
state it.
Mr. GROSS. Have we ri pv disposed of
all special. orders?
The SPEAKER. The Ch elf, and its possible effect
upon the production of airliners in the
United States by Lockheed Corp. A num-
ber of the airlines have an interest and
have already put out substantial ad-
vances against orders that they have
taken for such aircraft.
I have long been familiar with this
problem. Indeed, from the very outset
there was substantial question in my
mind as to whether or not the Rolls
Royce Co. could actually perform the
required job of producing engines of
this type for this American airframe.
I raised these questions in the House
of Representatives when the matter first
came up, and the colloquies which we had
there at that time assured that there
was in effect competitive bidding, and
that U.S. corporations, specifically the
General Electric Corp., with its major
engines plant in southwestern Ohio, had
a shot at and won on a competitive bid-
ding basis the contract for the engines
for the competitive DC-10 airplane.
I am not at this time of ng to take
any position with regard .c what the
United States should or si oold not do,
or with regard to what in,it"dual com-
panies in the United State ('ught to do
in this very difficult dilem ii;:. I under-
stand that time is being sot h.t, and per-
haps has been agreed to, tc ivy to ascer-
tain whether or not the R(is Royce Co.,
backed up by the British 0,)vernment,
might be able to perform u ider the con-
tract; and I. am certainly :i(,t trying to
close in on that time in an: -v-ay.
Mr. President, what I do feel and
what I want to express to Ufi a Senate is
a very strong opinion that knything that
is done with regard to this n.f?tter by the
U.S. Government should be disclosed
fully and stand in the &-.light, on its
own feet, for consideratio on a policy
basis by the Members of Congress on
both sides of the Capitol ar d by the pub-
lic generally. I do not th-:.ik that any-
thing should be done behiid the scenes
in the way of putting tie backing of
the U.S. Government behi d the financ-
ing of this matter, witho at the fullest
public disclosure and pul tic discussion
of the subject.
The PRESIDING OFFI `I R. Is there
further morning business?
Mr. DOLE. Mr.residei on Monday
of this week I discussed br::,f!y the South
Vietnamese incursion in' o Laos, and
again I would only say bri -fir that there
will be no U.S. combat :round forces
introduced into Laos. I wvuld again re-
mind the Senate that Pre: sdent Nixon is
winding down the war in Southeast Asia.
I said then and say agair t+iat perhaps
there has been an escalati+n of the rhet-
oric, perhaps there has ben an escala-
tion of the criticism, but -here has been
no escalation or widening of the war in
Southeast Asia.
The President has as he a,announced
on several occasions, six tif"erent times
withdrawn American tro; -p:. The total
number of Americans with drawn now ex-
ceeds 200,000. By May 1 o t=iis year, the
total number will be aroun.i. 165,000. That
will leave in South Vie n:fm between
40,000 and 50,000 ground otnbat troops.
I would point out, as I have many
times on the Senate fio -r, that when
President Nixon assumed b;i Presidency
on January 20, 1969, the. troop level in
South Vietnam was morf than 540,000.
I recognize that we are p -ouvably on the
threshold of the 1972 presl'iential cam-
paign. I recognize, therefo e. the tempta-
tion, as one engaged ir i olitics from
time to time, to find fault ,i h any Presi-
dent, his policies at home ml his policies
abroad.
But, Mr. President, let -re emphasize
again that President Nix( n has kept his
word in Southeast Asia, h- tt there will
be no American ground troops intro-
duced into Laos, that this s in important
military move, and that if successful this
move could facilitate furt.)e- troop with-
drawals, could expedite t e Vietnamiza-
tion program, and could i ix.r refore result
in an earlier return of ail American
forces' from Southeast A. ia. The Presi-
dent is committed to that e:ad, and I am
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assured and believe very deeply that the
President will achieve that goal.
I would also suggest that it would be
easier for the President to achieve the
goal if some of those who have been
escalating the rhetoric and escalating
the criticism might find it in their hearts
to obtain the facts and to support the
President at this critical time. -
THE SUGAR BEET INDUSTRY
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, from
time to time I have been very critical
of our farm program, but I believe that,
consistently, the one piece of agricultural
legislation which has done a relatively
good job has been the Sugar Act. The
sugar beet industry is a very important
economic factor in the State of Mon-
tana. The act will be expiring at the
end of 1971. and I hope that Congress will
be able to expedite the extension and
improvement of this program.
Experience has shown that, through
the administration of the Sugar Act,
consumers of this country have had the
benefit of adequate supplies at reasonable
prices. Farm workers under the sugar
program have had and will continue to
receive rates in excess of the minimum
established by the Congress for agri-
culture. In general, I think it is cor-
rect to say that the farmers, the proc-
essors and the refiners of both sugar beets
and cane have been able to achieve a
satisfactory level of return. Develop-
ments in the past several years do give me
some cause for concern. Costs are rising
at a more rapid rate than the return to
the growers and processors, Statistics in-
dicate that the returns to the industrial
users of sugar far exceed that available
to the growers and processors.
This developing situation was graph-
ically brought home to the people Of
Montana when the Holly Sugar Corp.
announced that it would close the fac-
tory at Hardin, Mont. Earlier in the year,
a sugar plant was closed in Utah, and
the American Crystal Sugar Co. has an-
nounced that they will be closing their
factory in Chaska, Minn. According to
information available, these decisions
were based on economic factors. If this
is an accurate appraisal, it would seem
that there will have to be some adjust-
ment in the Sugar Act to preserve a
healthy sugar beet industry in the West.
The closing of these factories will have
a very detrimental effect on the econ,
omy of these rural areas which have be-
come dependent upon this one crop.
When Congress schedules the considera-
tion of the renewal of the Sugar Act, it
is imperative that we consider what is
happening with respect to domestic
sugar. We do not want to be faced with
another vanishing industry.
I am convinced that we can have a
strong sugar beet industry through the
combined efforts of an imaginative and
aggressive management along with a
working Sugar Act administered by a re-
sponsible Department of Agriculture. I
look forward to receiving specific recom
mendations from the producers and
processors on how the act might be im-
proved.
It is my hope that discussions now
underway will bring about a solution to
the problem we face at Hardin, Mont.,
and that the plant will not be closed.
The announcement, coming as it did in
late January, places the growers of eat-
ern Montana in a very difficult position.
My intention in addressing myself to
this problem today is to place the Senate
on notice that what has been a very fine
program may now be in need of some
adjustments in order to meet economic
situations. It us not wait until it is too
late-
THE WISDOM OJ; 9Z-)
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, to-
day I should like to take a small amount
of the Senate's time to express my ad-
miration for the courage and determina-
tion of President Nixon in assisting the
South Vietnamese invasion of Laos.
If this proves to be a difficult operation
from a military standpoint the blar,-.ie
will be easy to place-it will be the im-
disputed property of civilian leaders Such
as Presidents Kennedy and Johnson and
Defense Secretaries McNamara and Clif-
ford who failed to take this action when
it was first indicated.
Mr. President, military men who are
closely informed about the war in Indo-
china know that the invasion of Laos to
cut Communist supply lines along the
Ho Chi Minh Trail should have bens
carried out several years ago. The fact
that this necessary military operation
has been put off for so long is bound to
make it more difficult. And the fact that
it was delayed so long qualifies the war
in Vietnam for the distinction of being
labeled one of the stupidest wars ever
fought. Again I wish to place the blame
for the mess in Vietnam right where it
belongs-with the above mentioned ci-
vilian leaders who for years thwarted
the conduct of an efficient and effective
military operation in Southeast Asia.
Mr. President, the Laos operation has
become imperative to the success ~If
American plans to withdraw the majorL y
of it combat troops from that area. I
for one am becoming very sick and tired
of hearing Members of this Senate and
other spokesmen of liberal persuasic,n
find fault with every step taken in Indo-
china to protect American lives.
I .,in inclined to wonder, along with
trained observers such as Washington
Star columnist Crosby S. Noyes, just wh < t
it is the liberals really want. When I
listen to the critics of Mr. Nixon's moves
in Cambodia and Laos, and realize that
they have a true account of the reasoirs
for these moves, I am persuaded that the
last thing some of our prominent "dove,"
want in Vietnam is an American success.
Mr. President, I find myself asking if
the partisanship being displayed over
events in Vietnam can possibly be a,o
bitter that some parties to it are hopeful
that America will be defeated merely a.a
justify their own predictions of disaster.
In this connection, Mr. President, I
wish to congratulate Mr. Herbert G.
Klein, the Nixon administration Direc-
tor of Communications, for bringir.:g
about a wide distribution of the very ex-
pert views on this subject recently ouv-
lined by Washington Post Columns.>t
Joseph Alsop. I for one can see nothing
wrong with an administration spokesman
circulating widely a newspaper column
which defends his boss and our President
even if it has some disparaging com-
ments to make about someof his critics.
I believe it should be noted here that
the outcry over America's air support for
the Laos invasion was something less
than the protest generated by the doves
and peaceniks in the wake of the Cam-
bodia operation last year. It says some-
thing for the administration's efforts to
recognize that most critics are sensitive
to the fact that the operation they com-
plained about last year turned out to be
one of the most successful of the entire
Vietnarrr war.
I suspect there is some apprehension
in the liberal ranks that Laos might
prove to be just as successful. And let
me emphasize that this is entirely possi-
ble, as the distinguished chairman of the
Senate Armed Services Committee, Sen-
ator STENNIS, has remarked this opera-
tion "could be the one that cuts the
jugular vein."
By the same token, the long delay in
coming to grips with the situation will
make it extremely difficult. This could
be one of the roughest operations of the
entire Southeast Asia campaign. It is
fraught with difficulty and with danger.
For this reason I commend tie President.
on his courage and urge every sincere,
right-thinking American to support the
administration in every way possible. It
cannot be done, I might add, by a lot of
quibbling and nitpicking over such
things as the news blackout which pre-
ceded the invasion and the exact num-
ber and disposition of Americans who
might be engaged in this effort on behalf
of freedom in Asia.
MORE COAL RESEARCH NEEDED
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi-
dent, power and fuel shortages are be-
ing experienced in various parts of the
United States. Because of these short-
ages, a much more vigorous program of
coal research is needed.
Such a program should have two major
objectives. First, it should seek to solve
the problem of air pollution caused by
the sulfur oxides which result from the
burning of coal; and second, it should
be aimed at speeding up the efforts to
produce liquid and gaseous fuels from
coal.
Our Nation must clean up its atmo-
sphere; but America must also continue
to have the abundant fuel supply it needs.
Our industrial` employment and our
prosperity depend upon that.
The key to this situation is a stepped-
up program of coal research, which I
shall urge the Federal Government to
undertake.
RECESSION DEMANDS FEDERALFI-
NANCING OF UNEMPLOYMENT
BENEFITS
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, there has
been a great deal of discussion about the
new federalism and about the need for
returning power to the States. There is
one area of responsibility, however, in
which there is no disagreement as to
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February 10, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
REVENUE SHARING
Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, the concept
of revenue sharing is older than our Con-
stitution. The Basic Land Ordinance of
1785 provided that one 640-acre plot in
each township was to be set aside for the
maintenance of public schools.
In 1836, the Surplus Distribution Act
made provision for the distribution of a
$37 million Federal surplus to the States,
in four installments. The State of Maine,
with typical Yankee frugality, made a
per capital distribution to its citizens of
the Federal funds. The, fourth install-
ment, however, was canceled because of
a financial crisis.
More recently, we have witnessed the
proliferation of categorical grants in aid.
Grant in aid programs, with direction
and ultimate control remaining with the
Federal Government, increased from 18
in 1932 to over 500 in 1970, involving $24
billion. The maze of these programs is
so perplexing that the Senator from
Delaware (Mr. ROTH) has had a fine bill
to create a catalog of Federal assistance
programs where they can at least be
found in one list.
Fundamental to our governmental
structure is the premise that many prob-
lems can be most appropriately solved at
the State and local level. Housing pro-
grams and standards designed for Brook-
lyn, N.Y., may. not be responsive to the
housing requirements of a small town in
Ohio.
The States and local communities
should be responsive and creative labo-
ratories for the solution of their own
problems. But they have not had the
financial capacity to undertake mean-
ingful solutions.
To make matters worse, the demand
for State and local services has shown a
disproportionate increase. From 1960 to
1969 civilian employment of the Federal
Government increased 22.8 percent. But
during that same period, the number of
local government employees increased
46.1 percent and the number of State
employees increased 73.2 percent. In
1969, we had 2,975,000 Federal employees
and 9,716,000 State and local employees,
but many of the latter were in federally
mandated, directed, and strictured pro-
grains.
In his message to Congress on Febru-
ary 4, 1971, President Nixon pointed out
that:
in the last quarter century, State and
local expenses have increased twelvefold from
a mere $11 billion in 1946 to an estimated
$132 billion in 1970. In that same time, our
gross national product, our personal spend-
ing, and spending by the Federal Govern-
ment have not climbed even one-third that
rate.
In addition to their economic difficul-
ties, localities have a growing sense that
they do not have control over their own
development. Regional planning orga-
nizations curb local autonomy and the
grant in aid programs restrict local crea-
tivity. There is a sense that all of our
communities are being stamped out by a
giant Federal cookie cutter.
We cannot expect creative leadership
if State and local governments do not
have both responsibility and financial
capability.
As a former member of the Ohio
House of Representatives and the Re-
publican floor leader for 2 years, I be-
came directly involved with the problems
of State finance. For that reason I was
happy, in 1965, to accept the invitation
of the Republican National Chairman,
Ray Bliss, to head a Republican task
force on the functions of Federal, State,
and local governments. We conducted
studies of State and local government
finance for over 3 years and made a
comprehensive recommendation for Fed-
eral revenue sharing.
During the last Congress, I sponsored
H.R. 9973 and cosponsored H.R. 13982,
which were revenue-sharing proposals.
Unfortunately neither measure was acted
upon by Congress.
I am gratified that President Nixon
has made revenue sharing one of his top
priority items for the 92d Congress. I
have joined as a cosponsor of this meas-
ure. In doing so, I am not unmindful of
various alternative proposals which are
worthy of full consideration. These in-
clude a proposal for Federal tax credits
for State income taxes paid, and pro-
posals to federalize all welfare programs,
thereby relieving States of their share of
this massive financial burden.
The resident's revenue sharing propo-
sal is in two parts. The first part, which
I have cosponsored. will provide $5 bil-
lion of new money for State and local
governments. This will be unrestricted
money, to be used as State and local gov-
ernments may deem most appropriate
for their particular needs. It will be their
choice of priorities, not ours in Washing-
ton. Under the proposed formula, ap-
proximately 48 percent will be distrib-
uted to local governments. However, the
bill contains an incentive provision
whereby any State may adopt an alter-
native formula for intrastate distribu-
tion. A State adopting such an alterna-
tive plan will receive an incentive incre-
ment from the Federal Government. I
believe that as we consider this measure,
we should provide a minimum total pass
through formula, whereby local govern-
ment is assured of its share under any
alternate intrastate allocation plan
adopted by the State government.
The second part of the revenue-shar-
ing proposal will convert one-third of the
existing narrow-purpose aid programs
into grants for six broad purposes: urban
development, rural development, educa-
tion, transportation, job training, and
law enforcement. This program will in-
volve $11 billion, including $1 billion of
new money. By broadening the areas of
categorical grants. States and local gov-
ernments will for the first time have the
flexibility to tailor their programs to
their problems, instead of fitting pro-
grams around specific Federal grants
limitations and earmarking. In far too
many instances, communities have not
been able to avail themselves of Federal
dollars for the reason that the available
grants are not appropriate to their spe-
cific problems. By broadening the grant
areas, we invite local governments and
States to be more creative in designing
programs that will solve problems. No
longer will there be pressure to accept an
unsuitable program for fear that the
S 1259
Federal dollars will not o "n, rwise "come
into the community.
While I cosponsor this :Leasure, I will
keep an open mind withpect to im-
provements which we matt cire to make
in the formula for allocatioa of dollars
among States and the forr:tuta for direct
distribution to local goveri ments. In ad-
dition, I shall consider appropriate
changes to include autonor. ,o is local gov-
ernmental units, such ass ,hool districts
in Ohio.
But while we may wish tl r ~flect longer
upon the specific formule _~ in this bill,
its basic philosophy is so ind. A recent
Gallup poll indicates that 4't percent of
the American people sup sort the con-
cept of revenue sharing. T''iev know that
if we call upon our States snd local gov-
ernments to assume an lac;.-easing role
in solving the problems of America, it is
time that we gave these go 'e nments the
resources to do the job.
Mr. MONDALE. Mr.
have mounted a new invasion of Laos.
The American people w+ 1e the last to
know. But we have come to expect that.
Again the war is wider. I i he name of
getting out, we are going b:Gc c in as deep
as ever.
It is typical of our plil?it that what
seemed ridiculous a year z: :c is now the
deadly serious policy of our Government.
On January 19, I Warne, = that we had
begun a new involvemen. in southern
Laos. I asked the President about reports
that we were secretly sups-arting several
Thai battalions in attack, .vhich were
part of a steadily increasalg escalation
in the area since August.
I was concerned that thi could lead to
growing American embr>,iiment, and
would be another blow to t ie negotia-
tions, not to mention the 1hances for a
return of our prisoners.
Where does it stop?
The limited assistance t, :south Viet-
nam led to American ads si rs and the
bombing of the North.
We know where those so :P tied limited
commitments took us.
A "limited" invasion of 'ambodia has
led to Laos. If the Soutl i Vietnamese
sit astride the Ho Chi M ' i Trail-in
treacherous terrain, perha:rs encounter-
ing a major enemy force for the first
time-they risk disaster. T:iat risk is al-
ready drawing our planes it to heavy new
bombing.
Where will that bombini craw us-to
Hanoi, to Haiphong, to the Chinese
border?
Behind it all is our refu it to face the
truth in South Vietnam. Me million-
man South Vietnamese Arr ? v is the basis
of our policy-to withdra., and yet to
preserve the Saigon regime at the same
time.
In the end, this policy is ouilt on sand.
That is why we bomb and invade.
We have seen this logic t T,re. If only
we "hurt" the other side, if Orly we show
ourselves manly, or feroc 3''ts, or un-
predictable, the truth will somehow be
postponed or go away.
Congress and the Ame_ican people
have to recognize what thi i ould mean
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE February 10, 1971
for the future. The administrations is so
committed to the Thieu-Ky -regime, and
so doubtful of its strength, that they re-
fuse a compromise settlement and launch
a wider war.
How then can they really continue on
withdraw our forces when the Saigon
regime could collapse after we are gone?
This policy does not "protect" our with-
drawal. It will prevent it.
And if we go on and on with the slaugh-
ter, when will our prisoners of war see
their families again?
The administration has taken us this
far down the road because we have let
them. But a senseless war tolerated in
frustration or misunderstanding is no
less senseless.
The Congress must vote immediately
on the Vietnam Disengagement Act, to
bring our men home by the end of this
year. We must extend that legislation to
cover all Indochina, to end the bombing,
and to bring about an immediate return
of our prisoners in exchange for with-
drawal.
History has given us words for what
we are doing in Indochina. We are mak-
ing a wilderness of devastation in three
countries, a wilderness of our own schools
and cities and farms starved by war
spending.
We are making a wilderness, and call
it peace.
PRIDE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE'S NA-
TIVE SON-ALAN SHEPARI)
Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, I have
sent the following wire to Capt. Alan
B. Shepard, Jr., at the Space Center in
Houston, Tex.:
Heartiest congratulations on a magnificent
job well done. I know all Granite Staters
join together at this time in their pride in
New Hampshire's native son. We are all
standing a little taller today.
It is a long way from Derry, N.H., to
the Fra Maurs highlands of the moon,
but Alan Shepard has made this trip with
enormous skill and great dedication.
It has been a hard road beset by many
many obstacles. I well remember the time
only a few years ago when physical prob-
lems seemed to have ended his chance to
reach the moon. In the popular parlance:
"His chances hardly seemed worth a
nickel." But Alan Shepard was never one
to let a tough road hold him back. With
great perserverance he stands today as
the successful leader of our most produc-
tive trip to the moon.
I guess none of us can truly compre-
hend what personal dedication and abil-
ity one must have to play the leading
role in a moon flight. Years of the most
rigorous physical and mental training
must go into every flight. A whole new
complex of the most involved science
must be learned to be called upon when
needed to achieve the greatest possible
results from such an undertaking.
In reading the millions of words writ-
en on the Apollo 14 flight, I have been
struck with the ninny times the report-
ers have used "flawless," "magnificent,"
"precise," "looking good," and many
ether glowing descriptions of the flight.
T do not for one moment detract from
the great contributions by Alan Shep-
ard's crew, Comdr. Edgar D. Mitchell and
Ma;,. Stuart A. Roosa. Nor do I fail, in
any way, to realize that without the
thousands of dedicated and tireless effort
of the ground crews this flight would not
have been possible in the first place or
achieved its successful conclusion.
But I will have to be pardoned if I
give my major praise to Alan Shepard.
He captained the flight that brought
back the largest and most significant col-
lection of lunar samples. These are going
to add immeasurably to our knowledge
of our universe. Apollo 14 set up on the
moon much more elaborate experiments
than any of us believed possible.
And as one who enjoys the chance for
an occasional round of golf, I was most
pleased by his moment of relaxation
when he used the six iron for some shots
into the lunar darkness. There was a real
twinge of envy when he recorded his
one shot as going "miles and miles and
miles." If we could just do the same here
or earth.
The New York Times, in reporting the
"on-the-nose" splashdown this morning,
quotes George M. Low, NASA Admu.nis-
trator, as saying:
On. that first Mercury flight in 1961, Alan
Shepard tested man's reaction to the pace
environment, On Apollo 14, just 10 years
later, Alan Shepard and his crew demon-
strated that man belongs in space-that man
can achieve objectives well beyond the capa-
bilities of any machine that has yet been
devised.
Alan Shepard is no machine. He is a
very real person. As a Senator from his
native State, I am proud to pay due
recognition to what he has done for his
Nation. He deserves the _ pride all New
Hampshire has for him.
LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE
Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, February 16
marks the 53d anniversary of Lithuani-
an independence. On that day we will
pay tribute to a people whose fight for
freedom and liberty has often been diffi-
cult, but never has faltered. I wekome
this opportunity to join with Senators in
saluting the Lithuanian people in their
quest for independence from Soviet rule.
There are more than 1 million people of
Lithuanian descent in America today.
February 16 is the anniversary of
Lithuania's first liberation from Russian
oppression, in 1918. It is touched with
sadness only because the Baltic States
are no longer free. The United States
has consistently refused to recognize the
illegal incorporation of Lithuania and
her sister states into the Soviet Union.
Let us hope that the self-determination
of these people will soon again be real-
ized. Let us reaffirm our support for their
struggle and undying efforts to be -Free.
CONSUMER'S STAKE IN U.S. AIR
TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Mr. PEARSON. Mr. President, yester-
day the Senate Aviation Subcommittee
heard important testimony from several
witnesses who represented the poir.t of
view of the flying public.
One witness, Mr. Shelby Southard of
the Cooperative League of the U.S.A.,
submitted a particularly thoughtful
statement, in my judgment, one which
I was not able to hear in person but have
since considered in some detail. The gen-
eral thrust of his statement is that the
American consumer has an important
stake in the U.S. air transport industry,
a stake which is sometimes overlooked
in the boardrooms of our Nation's air-
lines.
Accordingly, I ask: unanimous consent
that Mr. Southard's statement be printed
in the RECORD.
There being no Objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT TO THE SUBCOMMITTEE or AVIA-
TION OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COM-
MERCE, SUBMITTED FOR THE COOPERATIVE
LEAGUE OF THE U.S.A., FEBRUARY 8, 1971
First of all, Mr. Chairman, may I thank
the Subcommittee for giving me the oppor-
tunity to testify at these hearings as a repre-
sentative of the Cooperative League of the
U.S.A. and of the consumer movement where
our League seeks to play a constructive role.
The American consumer has an important
stake in the U.S. air transport industry, and
it goes beyond the reliability of domestic
services.
During the past decade, the introduction
of the low-cost charter has brought overseas
vacations by air within reach of millions of
Americans who had never flown before. De-
mand for overseas charters, both for educa-
tional and recreational purposes has grown
rapidly, and chartering is now a major fea-
ture of many of our cooperatives as well as
other organizations. For example, the Green-
belt Consumer Service, a cooperative here an
the East Coast, and the Berkeley Cooperative
In California utilize charters to provide low-
cost overseas vacations for thousands of their
members each year.
The importance of chartering is demon-
strated by the fact that cooperatives and
trade unions have banded together to form
their own organization tyre American Travel
Association. ATA's purpose is to promote
purposeful low-cost intern;ationalAravel for
large numbers who would not otherwise, be
able to enjoy It.
Let me emphasize that I am not an expert
on air transportation. My purpose today is
to present to your subcommittee a consum-
er's-eyeview of Senate Bill 289, which would
amend the Federal Aviation Act, among
other things, to simplify the regulations gov-
erning group air transportation, and to
strengthen the U.S. Government's ability to
protect the rights of Ameripan citizens who
travel abroad on low-cost charter flights. The
Cooperative League of the U.S.A. is happy to
support this legislation, not only for its po-
tentially beneficial effects on the air trans-
port industry, but also because we believe it
will increase the availability of low-cost air
travel to the American consumer.
In recent years we have seen more and
more important pieces of consumer legisla-
tion pass through both Houses of Congress
and across the desk of the President. And we
have witnessed in them an ever-widening
area of consumer protection provided
through Federal law and legislative Over-
sight. Gone is the old view of consumer in-
terest as merely a matter of honest food
labeling or accurate weights and measures.
It has been replaced by a much broader con-
cern for the individual in a fast-changing
environment. This is as it should be.
We are most gre.tified, therefore, to see
that this bill follows that pattern by recog-
nizing the basic right of consumers to band
together for the purpose of increasing the
purchasing power of their combined re-
sources. This, of course, is the basic premise
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E 752 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -Extensions of Remarks Febr i a l'y 11, 1971
University Heights --------------
$59,941
Pepper Pike ---------------------
18,833
Total, revenue sharing---- 10,
500, 000
compared. The reform of the welfare pro-
gram and the development of uniform
standards in administration would pro-
vide higher standards, more responsible
administration and greater efficiency.
sum, the President has
what he began when h
bodian sanctuaries.
.The great result of th
tion was to close off the
North Vietnamese inva.
bor countries. This was
m" moved to finish
i evaded the Cam-
On the other hand, if the Federal Gov-
ernment were to assume the total cost of
the welfare program it would release
$85,056,999 in State and local dollars
spent every year in Cuyahoga County.
The present grand total cost of welfare
in Cuyahoga County totals $140,925,581,
as follows.
Federal ---------------------- $55,866,582
State -------------------------- 74,616,969
Local ------------------------- 10, 440, 030
The reform and federalization of wel-
fare would release $85 mililon in State
and local expenditures in Cuyahoga
County for other purposes including ed-
ucation, safety, and pollution control.
The 1971 welfare expenditures in
Cuyahoga County are projected as fol-
lows :
Aid for dependent children:
Federal -------------------- $27,588,352
State ______________________ 34,642,726
Local ----------------------- 3, 849, 192
Total ------------------- 66,080,270
Aid for aged: Federal --------------------- 4,096,524
State ----------------------- 1, 736, 385
County, local ----------------- 192, 932
Total ------------------- 6,026,841
Aid for disabled:
Federal --------------------- 2,215,250
State ----------------------- 1, 495, 795
County, local ----------------- 166, 200
Total ------------------ 3,877,245?
General relief:
State _----__-----.._______-_ 14,962,165
Local ----------------------- 4,987,388
Total ------------------- 19, 949, 553
Vendor maintenance:
Federal --------------------- 898,954
State ----------------------- 7394,356
County --------------------- 81., 595
Total ------------------ 11714-1905
Medicaid:
Federal --------------------- 16,698,507
State ----------------------- 15,156,714
Total ------------------- 31, 855, 221
Administration:
Federal --------------------- 4,192,995
State ----------------------- 5771.,246
Local ----------------------- 1, 149, 658
Total ------------------- 11, 113, 899
Total welfare ------------ 140, 925, 581
Mr. Speaker, total Federal cost of wel-
fare in Cuyahoga County is $55,868,582,
total State cost of welfare in Cuyahoga
County is $74,616,969, and total local
cost of welfare in Cuyahoga County is
$10440,030.
The full Federal assumption of welfare
programs would release $85,056,999 for
other State and local programs.
The projection of costs and Federal
contribution does not include the 516,-
800,000 Federal contribution in the food
stamp program.
This alternative approach to revenue
sharing must be carefully reviewed and
HON. HUGH SCOTT
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, February 11, 1971
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, in the
Washington Post yesterday, columnist
Joseph Alsop has very clearly detailed
the facts behind the recent move in Laos.
I commend it to the attention of every
Member of the Senate.
Mr. Alsop says President Nixon has
demonstrated the courage of his convic-
tions to end this war. The column points
out that there were 16 reasons why the
operation should not have been at-
tempted, but there were two reasons that
outweighed them, thus the courageous
decision by President Nixon.
Mr. President. I ask unanimous con-
sent that Mr. Alsop's column be printed
in the Extensions of Remarks.
There being no objection, the column
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
LAOS: NIXON'S REASONS
(By Joseph Alsop)
"There were sixteen good reasons against
doing it, and there were only two reasons for
doing it. But if you analyzed them, the two
reasons for completely outweighed the 16
against-which were mostly domestic politi-
cal reasons anyway."
Thus President Nixon himself, concerning
his second great Southeast Asian gamble, to
support the current, critically significant
South Vietnamese drive across the border of
Laos.
The first reason was the need to force the
Hanoi war-planners to take the hardest kind
of hard new look at their own situation and
future prospects. A new look in Hanoi will
hardly be avoidable, if the Laos trails are
cut in the area around the little town of
Sepone-which is the obvious aim of the big
effort now in progress.
The intent, if the operation succeeds, Is
to keep the trails cut until the full onset
of the rainy season in late spring. The big
rains always make the Laos trails all but
impassable, particularly for serious supply
movement, until the dry season begin: again.
This will be about the beginning of next
December,
For 10 months, then, about 130,000 North
Vietnamese troops and other personnel in
Cambodia and southern Laos, will have their
unique existing lifeline severed-if all goes
according to plan.
Yet if their unique lifeline is in fact sev-
ered as planned, they will get almost no re-
placements, or ammunition or other military
supplies. In South Laos, where virtually no
food is locally available, they will also get
none of the rations they need from the north.
As to the President's second decisive rea-
son for his gamble. It should also be obvious.
It was to leave the South Vietnamese in a
solid position to defend their own inde-
pendence, after the withdrawal of U.S.
troops.
There is nothing to prevent the South Viet-
namese from cutting the Laos trails next dry
season, if they manage to do so this time. In
'ambodian opera-
=r tin lifeline of the
or -> of their neigh-
n seaborne supply
route, running througt I ihanoukville and
Cambodia.
In the old days, whe: Eanoi had an easy
time of it, the rations r the 70,000 North
Vietnamese troops In S -u h Laos were also
bought on the Chinese i srkets in Phnonl
Penh, and they were the rucked north. All
that is over now, howe . e-, and as already
stated, the other remain ?n lifeline of these
same North Vietnamese -.r,ops is also likely
to be cut.
Another effect of the r -sident's decision,
one must add, is to unceriine the sheer lu-
dicrousness that has so oig pervaded most
discussion of the Vieti aa,tese war in this
country. Take the ho rl. about General
Abrams' famous "news e nbargo," for ex-
ample.
To begin with ixo sen ,i1_ 1e reporter ought
ever to wish to describe as detail and in ad-
vance any forthcoming military operation.
Doing so jeopardizes th l ves of every man
engaged in that operas ,r To go on with,
this supposedly wicked embargo evidently
left Hanoi utterly uncer ~Ii about where the
blow would come. Ott x vise there would
have been a very nasty , doming committee
for the South Vietname the moment they
crossed the Laos border.
Yet there is a far bets :r, and far more de-
pressing example of th ,ally many people
have Indulged in during ,hose last years. You
simply need to calcula- a what would have
happened, if the same cl zrges in the lunatic
rules of the war had h. as made four years
ago. There could have b- en no Tet offensive,
to begin with.
For It Is now well est: olshed, by comput-
ing actual bills of lading packed up in Sihan-
oukville, that the Can imdian lifeline was
vital to the Tet plan. Ov. r 2,000 tons of sup-
ply the enemy's assent al sinews of war for
the whole southern halt ,i South Vietnam-
are now known to have i ,rne through Sihan-
oukville in 1967 and up - o '.tareh 1968.
Then too, the Hanoi ?:-.'vernment solemnly
committed itself by trea -v, negotiated on our
side by Gov. Averell arriman and duly
signed in 1962, never ti cse the Laos trails
for supply purposes. The. broke that promise
before the ink was dry oo the treaty. But
there was no reason to ?e it the trails as ef-
fective sanctuaries, any a,. re than there was
a reason to treat Hanoi'u Cambodian bases as
sanctuaries.
Untold blood aand a t+,ld treasure have
been wasted, in truth, bl cause the courage to
do what President Nix,: teas done was not
found long ago.
TAX SAVING INF( RMATION FOR
OUR SENIOR CITIZENS.
HON. PETER ' PEYSER
OF NEW `oes
IN THE HOUSE OF R : P:1ESENTATIVES
Wednesday, Febi=iw ry 10, 1971
Mr. PEYSER. Mr. tt aker, as a result
of the 1970 Tax Reft s i Act, there are
new tax savings avai?;l.He to our senior
citizens. In this year c f rising costs these
tax savings are espe ir11y welcome by
our senior citizens v+7i, are struggling
on their fixed incofr. s to meet rising
bills.
The Senate Special Committee on the
Aging has provided ai a ticellent analysis
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February 11, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -Extensions o emar s E 751
tions for building it. However, this one fa-
tality will not serve all the research needs
on the North American continent, and it is
a matter for concern that the inaction of the
utilities of this country has created a re-
search gap which is being filled by a neigh-
bor in another country no larger than a
number of single companies in the United
States. I might add that there are manu-
facturers in Canada, too, which carry on re-
search, and that U.S. manufacturers bid for
Canadian business. Nevertheless, Hydro Que-
bec is mounting its own research effort, while
U.S. power companies sit on the sidelines.
One of the best reasons for direct power
industry participation in research is that
only in this way can it obtain the services of
research scientists qualified to appraise the
quality and pace of the research conducted
by manufacturers, universities and research
institutes. I do not suggest that the power
industry should carry out all or most of
its research program with its own people and
facilities, but it seems to me it cannot ef-
fectively determine research priorities or set
research goals without at least a nucleus re-
search staff of its own, of the very highest
caliber.
The research needs of the industry are as
endless as they are urgent. We need to learn
to take sulphur out of the coal or the stack
gases or both. We need to minimize nitrous
oxide pollution in the burning of all fuels.
We need to learn what -other pollutants in
stack gases may be doing harm now, or are
likely to do so as fuel volumes grow, and
deal with them before and not after a public
alarm. We need to develop the technology
of closed cycle cooling so- that our industry
will not remain a major threat to the ecology
of surface waters. We need to develop new
generating sources, as well as to improve ex-
isting ones, in order to make more efficient
use of fuels both as a conservation measure
and to bring down costs. We need a great
deal ofadvanced work on metallurgy and on
quality control in order to move to higher
unit temperatures and pressures and to In-
crease unit reliability. We need to accelerate
development work on EHV and DC tech-
nology to reduce costs, improve reliability
and avoid unnecessary drain on land re-
sources for transmission line rights-of-way.
We should be mounting an adequate re-
search program in undergrounding of trans-
mission lines, in response to the demand of
the increasing number of people who find
overhead lines aesthetically offensive.
It would be Utopian to think that enough
money could be found to pursue all of these
lines of research with equal vigor, and if
the money were available there are prob-
ably not enough trained people to carry it
on. The question, therefore, is how large a
research effort is practical and feasible, and
how is it to be financed and carried on. A
number of people, myself among them, have
advocated a federal tax on energy use in the
amount of 1% of gross revenues, which pro-
duces something in the order of $300,000,000
at present levels of use If the tax is limited
to the electric power industry, and much
more if it is extended to other energy indus-
tries. The money would be earmarked for re-
search and would be administered by a joint
federal-industry council. Perhaps some of
this money could be used to fund the crea-
tion of several national energy laboratories.
Patterned after Argonne or Brookhaven,
such laboratories would be geared to research
and development in all areas of energy pro-
duction and transmission. Such laboratories
would complement the research done by pri-
vate industry.
There is opposition to this play on the
ground, among others, that government par-
ticipation would somehow distort the re-
search program. I do not see why this should
happen if the fund is properly established.
Another objection, based on the history of
the Highway Trust Fund, is that such funds
tend to be self-perpetuating, even after the
justification has disappeared. I cannot be-
lieve energy research is likely to be of only
short-term importance, but I should see no
objection to limiting the life of the fund to
a reasonable period of years.
The tax proposal has the merit of pro-
viding a response to an urgent problem which
has baffled the power industry for many
years. It solves the institutional difficulty I
have mentioned, that there are so many en-
tities and varieties in the electric power in-
dustry, and such a resultant diffusion of re-
sponsibility, that the industry has almost
totally renounced a research role. A federal
tax would raise funds on a scale reasonably
commensurate with needs, on the basis of
nationwide participation and an equitable
distribution of the costs. I do not argue this
is the only possible road to research progress
or necessarily the best one, but it is better
than the present situation of almost total In-
dustry default in the research area. I should
gladly support, and I believe most of the
others who have suggested the tax device
would support, any other realistic plan which
achieved the same goals, and behind which
the industry would unite. It seems to me
that the challenge to the leaders of the in-
dustry is to come up with an alternative
plan on an adequate scale, or to support this
one.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
HON. LEE METCALF
OF MONTANA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, February 11, 1971
Mr. METCALF. Ms. President, al-
though adults of our Nation are beeom-
ing fully aware .of the dangers inherent
in misuse of the environment, programs
to pass this awareness on to our school-
children are often still in the formative
stages.
For this reason, I was pleased to hear
of a reception here last week when it was
announced that the National Council of
State Garden Clubs, as its 1971-72 civil
development project, plans to distribute
teachers' guides to conservation educa-
tion to every school in the United States,
Congress has acted to encourage en-
vironmental education- and it Is gratify-
ing to see citizen initiative in this vital
area. The national projects chairman of
this activity is a lady from Montana, Mrs.
Lyle Johnsrud of Fort Benton.
In a news release Mrs. Johnsrud
brought to my office, her organization
outlines the goals of this most worth-
while endeavor.
I ask unanimous consent the news re-
lease be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the news
release was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR ALL CHILDREN
GOAL OF NATIONAL COUNCIL OF STATE GAR-
DEN CLUBS
WASHINGTON. D.C., JANUARY 27, 1971
National Council of State Garden Clubs,
Inc. announced their Civic Development
Project for 1971-1972 at a reception held to-
day in Washington, D.C. The goal of the
Project is to provide teachers with the ma-
terial necessary to make conservation/envi-
ronmental education an Integral part of the
educational activites in every classroom in
the United States.
In the weeks and months ahead., members
of Garden Clubs in communities across the
nation will be contacting schools and teach-
ers, neighbors, civic and business leaders for
their support of what National Council has
termed "one of the most important and far
reaching programs ever undertaken by any
national organization."
In a statement released at the reception,
National Council of State Garden Clubs, Inc.,
said:: "We have committed ourselves to this
enormous nation-wide task because we firmly
believe the greatest single step to safeguard
our environment and to improve the quality
of life is to provide the children in our
schools with the means to -understand and
appreciate the world they will inherit.
"Earnestly seeking the support and aid of
friends, neighbors, other civic organizations.
businessmen and members of industry, our
387,700 members in over 14,800 Garden Clubs
across the nation will work to donate the ap-
propriate volume from the Series of Teachers'
Curriculum Guides to Conservation Educa-
tion, People and Their Environment, to
teachers in, every school in t he United
States."
People and Their Environment Is a pro-
gram written for teachers by teachers and
designed to make conservation/environmen-
tal education an integral part of any school
system's curriculum. It was edited under the
direction of Dr. Matthew J. Brennan, and is
published by J. G. Ferguson Publishing Com-
pany, a subsidiary of Doubleday & Company,
Inc. Each of the eight volumes in the Series
was specifically developed for a different
grade level and/or subject area. The eight
volumes are: Grades -1, 2, 8; Grades 4, 5, 8;
Science, 7, 8, 9; Social Studies, 7, 8, 9; Social
Studies, 10; 11, 12; Biology; Home Econom-
ics; and Outdoor Laboratory, 1-12.
Representing National Council of State
Garden Clubs, Inc., at the reception were:
-let Vice-President and Acting President,
Mrs. Maxwell W. Steel of Huntingdon, Penn-
sylvania; Vice Presidents: Mrs. Howard S.
Mittel of Fort Worth, Texas and Mrs. Vernon
L. Conner of Mount Dora, Florida; Treasurer,
Mrs.. Robert R. Crosby of New York, N.Y.;
National Projects Chairman, Mrs. Lyle Johns-
rud of Fort Benton, Montana; and Conserva-
tion, Chairman, Miss Elizabeth Mason of
Atlanta, Georgia.
FEDERALIZATION OF WELFARE AND
REVENUE SHARING
HON.. CHARLES A. VANIK
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, February 10, 1971
Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, in the cur-
rent debate on the advantages to the
State and local communities of the Presi-
dent's program of revenue sharing, it is
important to compare the community
benefit of the Federal assumption of full
financial responsibility for welfare com-
pared to President Nixon's plan on re-
venue sharing.
According to the President's proposal
for a $5 billion "free" distribution of
Federal funds to local communities based
on a distribution of 1.3 percent of the
personal taxable income base, the dis-
tribution in Cuyahoga County-Metro-
politan Cleveland-would be as follows:
Cuyahoga County--------..----- $3,481,201
Cleveland .--------------.------_ 5,719,158
East Cleveland ------------------- 268,079
Euclid --------------------------
383, 739
Shaker Heights------------.-----
240, 544
Highland Heights---------.-----
11,754
Lyndhurst ---------------------
52,213
Mayfield Heights---------------
48,057
South Euclid-------------------
105,400
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THE EVENING STAR DATE 1 11 PA
command, are reported to be l
CIA Base casualties which from battle
casualties which decimated the
Meo force from 11,000 combat
1 n N. [?_ months on just under 4,000 in 26
mhof fighting.
"The North Vietnamese are
fresh, fit and well-armed and we
are tired," a government mili-
Evc c atifl g tary man said, refering to the
arrival of Hanoi's 312th Division
By TAMMY ARBUCKLE forth of Long Cheng.
sp ciai to The star The 312th is a fresh unit
VIENTIANE, Laos - The 3rought to fight alongside Ha-
United States today began evae-ioi's 316th Division which al-
uating its base at Long Cheng, ?eady was in the area.
75 miles north of here, as an, Mortar Barrages
estimated 5,000 North Vietnam- ~ Hanoi troops are firing rocket
ese troops massed around it, I ind mortar barrages into posi-
well-informed sources said. ions north of Long Cheng.
The U.S. Central Intelligence Two nights ago they pulver-
Agency, which uses Long Cheng zed one post in four hours of
as the center of its Laos opera- shelling, demonstrating that Ra-
tions, has dismantled some of tot has no ammunition short-
the monitoring equipment used tges?
to spy on ;Hanoi's communica- The North Vietnamese troops,
tions with Laos and North Viet- >unday, briefly probed along
nam. ;kyline Ridge, a position over-
The equipment has been flown coking Long Cheng.
to other secret airstrips. Twenty of the North Vietnam-
Most of the Americans left in ,se were killed in action and an
Long Cheng no longer spend the lmerican installation on Skyline
nights there. All American com- lidge, which guides aircraft,
mando leaders in charge of ook a direct hit from a rocket.
guerrrilla teams have moved to Civilians Leaving
Pakkao southeast of Long Meo civilians around Long
Cheng. 7heng already are leaving as
Long Cheng Hospital, with its he North Vietnamese conduct a
American doctors, has been -error campaign. In one Meo vil-
evacuated. Bedridden patients -age, near Long Cheng, North
have been flown to Ban Son, 20 Vietnamese troops reportedly
miles to the southwest and the executed all the Meo men Mon-
staff is expected to follow soon. Jay night.
Meo Gen. Vang Pao's forces, This Hanoi military pressure,
which are under direct U.S. the weakness of the Meos, and
See LAOS, Page A-6 the start of hazy weather pre-
venting adequate U.S. air sup-
--- port, are believed to be the rea-
sons the United States apparent-
ly is retreating.
The fall of Long Cheng, how-
ever, would likely have impor-
tant political consequences.
Lao generals have said recent-
ly that, if Long Cheng falls, they
will make an official alliance
with the Thais, South Vietnam-
ese and Cambodians and openly
reject the stated Laos policy of
neutrality.
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30 Reorted[ Dead at. CIA Base inJaosj
By D. E. Ronk
Special to The Washington Post
VIENTIANEs Feb. 15 -
Thirty Meo tribesmen were
killed and 60 wounded in Sat-
urday's bombardment of the
Central Intelligence Agency's
base at Long Cheng, Laotian
military sources said.
It was reported here that
American F-4 bombers mistak-
enly bombq? Long Cheng in
an attempt to break up what
is being called a siege of the
base by _Pathet_Lc and_North
Vietnamese fdtg44,
neuter reported that the
Laotian goveriimentt sent
troop reinforcements to Long
Cheng, and Defense Minister
Sisouk Na Champassak an-
nounced that an investigation
was under way into the bomb-
ing of the camp.]
Initial reports from Long
Cheng said the casualties oc-
curred in. a ,North Vietnamese
rocket attack..Orirtins of the
bombardment roman unclear.
Meanwhile,. Laotian military
sources `said' today That a
Nortbt Vitr}`mese soldier cap-
tured 1-ate last week` reveled
that the North Vietnamese
command west of the Plain of
Jars planned to attack Long
Cheng today.
American military sources
in Vientiane say the situation
around Long Cheng remained
stable and quiet Sunday night.
Long Cheng, 77 miles north
of Vientiane, is a CIA center
for intelligence, logistics and
for command of the . 6,000
troopsr f! Maj. iron. Vang Pao
in. that area. Van ao "s troops
are mixed Meo and Laotian.
Pressures against Long
Cheng and Sam Thong, which
form a command and logistics
complex, have steadily in-
creased in recent weeks.
There have been almost daily
reports of rocketing and
ground probes against the out-
post.
LAOS, From At
A general exodus of tri-I
bal residents from the area
has begun. Upward of 65,000
tribesmen are moving south-
west toward Muong Cha, a ref-
ugee center established by the
U.5. Agency for International
Development, an American of-
ficial here said. Reliable in-
dependent observers con-
firmed the refugee movement.
Emergency rations are
being flown into Muong Cha
by Air America planes to meet
the demands of a growing ref-
ugee population.
Air America pilots esti-
mated that there is a two-week
march from Long Cheng to
Muong Cha. Edgar Buell, a
U.S. aid official in Laos for a
decade, says 20 per cent of the
people on such marches die en
route.
Reports originating at Long
Cheng say there has been an
increase in Meo army deser-
tions in recent weeks and it is
lated to the defensibility of
Long Cheng, a new CIA base
of operations for guerrilla
forces was recently estab-
lished at Pakkao and a mili-
tary training center at Phou
Koum.
Pakkao is now reportedly
surrounded and Air America
pilots report receiving enemy
fire on approaching the land-
ing strip. An American was re-
ported wounded in a clash
there early last week. Nonoffi-
cial observers are forbidden
entry to Long Cheng, Pakkao
and Phou Koum.
Long Cheng, now under
siege, is seen by most observ-
ers hereas the key to Vienti-
ane's northern front.
"If Long Cheng falls; the
Meo have fallen, and if the
Meo fall there are no north-
ern defenses to the Mekong
Plain," one observer said.
"Long Cheng . is immensely
important psychologically to
the Meo," he added. "It's
been the only relatively stable
believed soldiers are leaving ~ place they have known for a
the base to accompany fami- decade-they have come to
lies on the trek out of the bat-
tle! zone.
At Ban Son, called site 272
by Americans, observers note
an. increase in residents and
hospital admissions. Ban Son
wits created as a replacement
refugee center for Sam Thong
which was abandoned a year
ago, then reclaimed, but it re-
mains almost a ghost town, ac-
cording to recent visitors.
The refugee movements to-
ward Muong Cha rather than
Ban Son tends to confirm the
belief among observers here
that the Meo do not believe
Ban Son would offer st #icignt
refuge.
In a
flee it as a kind of capital. If it
is lost they will be drifting
without a home."
Vang Pao's army is called
the only viable fighting force
allied with the Vientiane gov-
ernment. Nearly all combat
operations mounted in the
past decade by government
forces have involved the Meo.
In the past three years they
have suffered more than 7,000
killed in action.
Vang Pao himself has fre-
quently told reporters that
there are no alternatives to
bolding the mountains about
Long Cheng.
"We must die here," he has
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