SAIGON PREMIERS KIN TIED TO DRUG TRAFFIC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP73B00296R000300070033-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 16, 2001
• Sequence Number: 33
• Publication Date: June 3, 1971
• Content Type: NSPR

"DtA) S 1
THE EVEATIIWva-lka Release 2002/01/02 : CIATIVM.3a0/0403t000701613C6E
Saigon Premier's Kin
Tied to Drug Traffic
By KEYES BEECH'
Chicago Daily News Service
SAIGON ? South Vietnam's
campaign against the drug traf-
fic that has made heroin addicts
of thousands of American GIs
is threatening to involve none
other than Prime Minister Tran
Thien Khiem.
Two of Khiem's brothers hold
key positions in the government
customs service, which enabled
them to profit handsomely from
the sonuggling of drugs and con-
trabatel goods into South Viet-
nam.
One brother, Tran Thien Khoi,
was head of the law enforcement
division of the customs service
at Taw Son Nhut Airport, de-
scribed by U.S. custom agents
as a smugglers' paradise. Khoi
was replaced last week in a
major shakeup.
Another brother, Tran Thien
Phuong, is still on the job as
director of Saigon Port, long
known as possibly the most cor-
rupt in Southeast Asia. Phuong
is in charge of all other ports in
South Vietnam in addition to Sai-
gon.
Operating under the protective
wing of his brother the prime
minister, Khoi was identified by
U.S. Army investigators as a
key figure in the opium traffic.
A U.S. Army provost marshal
report on the drug racket de-
scribed Khoi in these words:
"He has an opium habit that
costs approximately 10,000 pias-
ters (about $40) a day and visits
a local opium den on a predicta-
ble schedule. He was charged
with serious irregularities ap-
proximately two years ago but
by payoffs and political influ-
ence, managed to have the
charges dropped.
"When he took up his present
position he was known to be
nearly destitute, but is now
wealthy and supporting two or
three wives."
U.S. customs agents said Khoi
blocked their efforts to set up a
narcotics squad at the airport
to detect incoming drug ship-
ments from Laos, Thailand and
Hong Kong though they had the
approval of the customs direc-
tor, Duong Thieu Sinh.
Sinh quit in disgust last week
and went back to his job as a
judge on South Vietnam's su-
preme court.
So far as can be determined,
none of the corrupt officials
has been sacked. Instead, they
have been -rotated." Custom in-
spectors at the airport have
traded jobs with those at Saigon
poit'
arise Minister Khient's re-
sPaletWik in the drug scandal
goes beyond his two brothers. A ?
minister of interior, he control
the country's police, who als
are u pto their ears in the dru
traffic. Some act as pushers.
Brig. Gen. Tran Thanh Phoin.
the national police chief, h relat
ed to Khiem's family by mar
riage. And a cousin of the prim,
minister, Col. Tran Thie,
Thanh, is deputy governor of tit,
capital (Saigon) military dis
trict.
U.S. Sees Involvement
(In Washington yesterday
John E. Ingersoll, director of tis
U.S. Bureau of Narcotics an
Dangerous Drugs, said official
of various Southeastern Asiar
governments "very definitel3
are directly involved" in assist
ing and protecting the flow ot
opium from their countries fi
the United States.
("I think it would be effective
if the United States put more
pressure on those govern-
ments," Ingersoll told the House
Select Crime Committee. But he
refused to go into detail in the
public meeting on proposals he
has made for working with those
governments to stem the flow of
illegal drugs, the Associated
Press reported.
(Under intense questioning by
Rep. Jerome Waldie, D-Calif.,
Ingersoll said Gen. Rathikoune
Ouane of Laos apparently is di-
rectly involved in a large - scale
illicit drug operation in that
country.
(Even planes owned by Air
America, the U.S. Central Intel-
ligence Agency - backed airline.
have been unwittingly used in
the transport of opium in South-
east Asia, Ingersoll said. "And
o has Air Vietnam, Air Laos
and TWA, as far as that goes."
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Approved For Release 2002/01/02 : CIA-RDP7313162y9A0q01300070033-6
THE NE W YORK TIMES DATE PAGE
C. I. A Iden "Aan Opium
By FELIX BELAIR Jr.
Sheets-1'01'1w New York rime,
WASHINGTON, June 5?
United States intelligence
agents have identified at least
21 opium refineries in the bor-
der area of Burma, Laos, and
Thailand that provide a con-
tant flow of heroin to Amer--
an troops in South Vietnam.
Operated and protected in
Burma and Thailand by insur-
gent armies and their leaders
and in Laos by elements of the
royal Laotian armed forces, the
refining and distributing have
grown until white heroin rated
96 per cent piire is turning up
in Pacific coast cities of the
United States as well as in
Saigon.
The Burma-Laos-Thailand
border area, known as the
"Golden Triangle," normally
accounts for about 700 tons of
opium annually, or about half
the world's illicit production.
Burma is the 'largest producer
in the region, accounting for
about 400 tons.
But a recent analysis by the
Central Intelligence Agency
suggests that production is ex-
panding in the area, and there
are indications that this year's
output may reach 1,000 tons.
More High-Grade Heroin
The C.I.A. analysis made
these major points about re-
cent trends in the illicit nar-
I-Rifles business in Southeast
Asia:
91Refineries in Laos and
Thailand that used to produce
only refined opium, morphine
base and No. 3, heroin for
smoking are now converting
most of their opium supplies to
No. 4, or 96 per cent
pure white heroin. 'The change
"appears to be due to the sud-
den increase in demand by a
large and relatively affluent
market in South Vietnam."
9"Most of the narcotics buy-
ers in the tri-border area are
ethnic' Chinese who pool their
purchases, but no large syndi-
cate appears to be involved. The
opium, morphine base and
heroin purchased in this area
eventually finds its way to
Bangkok, Vientiane and Luang
Prabang, where additional pro-
cessin? ma. take place. before
dzieenii ? Alg9n1../ToN 14:1Pg
a r as ? internarionai 72r-
ke
A. onsiderable quantity"
c,f??; 'author of a recent report esti-
opium ri
-mating. the numbers of heroin
an_d MorphMe
orn ortirig Burma
vidicts among American serv-
A, inct
*Amen in South Vietnam at
_La TA ?it'', :46,000 to 30,000.
ang o an sent mm -mere
to Hong Kong in fishing trawl-
"Vietnam unquestionably
ers from Jan. 1 to May 1. Car- proves that the availability of
narcotics breeds users," he said.
rying one to three tons of opium
and quantities of morphine -*Until we dry up the sources,
base, "one trawler a day moves
we haven't got a prayer of corn-
to the vicinity of the Chinese batting the problem."
e
Communist-controlled Lema Is-
While much of th opium
lands? 15 miles from Hong producing and refining takes
Kong?where the goods are place in areas of Burma, Laos
and Thailand now controlled by
loaded into Hong Kong junks."
90pium and derivatives move
insurgents, narcotics enforce-
through Laos and are trans-
inent officials say that a con-
ferred from the Mekong River [Mucus flow of the drugs
t
refineries by river craft and through government-controlled
vehicles to Ban Houei Sal,
areas cannot be sustained with-
further downstream on the out the involvement of corrupt
; .
Mekong in Laos, and are trans-
officials.
ported from there to Luang ' The same view was ex-
Prabang or Vientiane. A con-
I pressed earlier in the week by
siderable portion of the Laotian-
IJohn E. Ingersoll, director of
produced narcotics is smug- the Bureau of Narcoticsnd
,Dangerous Drugs, in testimony
gled into Saigon."
9"A increased demand for Ibefore the House Select Co mittee on Crime.rn-
n
No. 4 heroin also appears to 1
be reflected in, the steady rise He said that middle-level
in The price. For exampl e. in
,?overnment officials and mili-
tb71, the prier in tie idly men throughout Southeast
. '
?sia were deeply involved in
the traffic in opium, the prod-
--T--
T" tharea f
? , uct from which morphine and
?or nernin is refined.
li5ariala)
k o N6. 4" heroin was a-
ported to be $1,780, as corn-
Routes and Refineries Named
pared with $1,240 in Septem- The analysis by the Central
ber, 1970." A kilogram is 2.2 Intelligence Agency pinpointed
pounds.
major areas of cultivation, re-
9"The reported increasing in- fineries and routes used in the
cidence a heroin addiction traffic.
among U.S. servicemen in Viet- Northeast Burma was iden-
nam and recent intelligence in- tified as the largest producer
dicating that heroin traffic be- and processor of raw opium in
tween Southeast Asia and the the border area. The study said
United States may also be in- that Burma's 14 refineries, lo-
creasing suggest that Southeast eated in the Tachilek area, last
Asia is growing in importance year
as a producer of heroin. opium
of raw
thor-
U.S. Policy Criticized saine 'Mr
This growth has been aided,,.le .
11105nd-
_ stun
- -
according to one Congressional'
authority, by the lack?until re-
cently?of a firm United States
policy on heroin in Southeast
Asia. The United States?which together by the major insurgent
provides billions of dollars in Ileaders in these areas," the
military and economic foreign C.I.A. study said. "The cara-
aid to Laos, Thailand and Cam-
bodia?has directed its efforts
intercepting the traffic at the
Saigon end of the line, rather
than to stamping out produc-
tion at the source, Representa-
tive Robert H. Steele, Republi-
can of Connecticut, said today
Mr. Steele is the principal The analysis said that car-
11
12
.rt,, .fiperies
?441C letWfiltlfgd
in IfE_E._ a _xi-es, seven
waltreetciibid io the report as'
)capable of p i essing raw
'opium to the oh stage. "The
most important are located in
the areas arc d Techilek,
Burma; Ban Hoc i Sal and Nam
Keung in Laos, too Mae Salong
in Thailand," it a J.
"The best kno.vii, if not larg-
est of these re -1. eries is the
one at Ban Ho Tap, Laos,
near Ban Houet ai, which is
believed capable c f processing
some 100 kilos raw opium
per day," the Tel t said.
The opium a derivatives
crossing Thailand from Burma
enroute to Bang! ) was traced
in the paper as n wing out of
such Northern nil towns as
Chiang Rae, Cin Mai, Lam-
pang and Tak by various
modes of grou .1 and water
transport."
"The opium is plcked by the
growers and trac ,?c to itinerant
Chinese merchai who trans-
port it to mrior collection
points, _particulr aroundLa-
s 4n?ein thp study
1
vans, which can include up to
1600 horses and donkeys and
1300 to 400 men, take the opium
ion the southeasterly journey to
ithe processing plants that lie
'along the Mekong River in the
iTachilek-Mae Sal, Thailand-pan
tHouei Sai, Laos area."
i avans carg ORA; i
I me ... -4 NiA.',.01.40
',A i?"1 , tia,u-Ttariurae*.iri
ipo
., . , .?..
The New York Times June 6, 1971
Opium product.- from the
surrounding era, known
as the `Golcitn Trian le,'
tQ 1i
tigt 1:
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it ?
Aptirtit cril2i5HReltaa46.2.60,2441102 : CIA-RDP73BOUNIFNOWIRgarthi-6
A Saigon General Named
As a Traffic4er in Heroin
By FELIX BELAIR Jr.
Spedal to The New York Thhes,
WASHINGTON, July 7 ? A
high-ranking South Vietnamese
general was named by a mem-
ber of Congress before a House
Foreign Affairs subcommittee
'today as "one of the chief traf-
fickers in heroin in Southeast
? Gen. Ngo Dzu, commander
of the South Vietnamese Army's
II Corps, was named by Rep-
resentative Rollick H. Steele,
Republican of Connecticut, in
testimony on a proposed amend-
ment to the foreign aid exten-
sion bill that would cut off aid
to any country failing to deal
effectively with illicit opium
production and distribution.
Mr. Steele told the subcom-
mittee that since submitting his
recent report on illicit heroin
trafficking and addiction of
United States serviceman in
Southeast Asia, "I have learned
that South Vietnamese military
officers continue to deal in
large quantities of heroin and
to transport it around South
Vietnam in military aircraft and
vehicles."
[When Mr. Steele testified
in Washington, it was already
night in South Vietnam, and
it wag not possible to obtain
comment. from General Dzu,
who was in Pleiku in the area
of his command, Military
Region II in the Central High-
lands.]
"U.S. military authorities
have provided Ambassador [Ells-
worth]. Bunker with hard in-
telligence that one of the chief
traffickers is Gen. Ngo Dzu, the
Continued on 15, Column 1
I !
Mr. Steele said, that Gea.
_
Duane Rathikoune, Chief of the
Laotian General Staff, was also
"reportedly deeply involved in
the heroin traffic." He said
General Ouane's troops pro-
tected opium and heroin re-
fineries along the Mekong River
and also transported heroin on
Laotian military aircraft.
Action Taken Against Peddlers
In Saigon, Mr. Steele said,
"The Government cracked
down on street peddlers at our
insistence and that was easy."
"They have started to crack,
down on their customs people
and it's had some effect," he
went on. "But nbw we come
to the top strongman?a gen-
eral in South Vietnam?and 11
wonder just how serious the
Government will be about its
crackdown.
"I don't say put him before
a firing squad, but he must be
stopped."
The 32-year-old Mr. Steele, a
former agent of the Central
Intelligence Agency, estimated
in his Congressional study re-
port in May that 10 to 15 per
cent of the American service-
men in Indochina had become
addicted to heroin. The report
was based on investigations he
made in the area with Repre-
sentative Morgan T. Murphy,
Democrat of Illinois.
In Vietnam, Mr. Steele talked
' with the highest civil and mili-
tary authorities of the United
States and South Vietnam. He
has kept in touch with many,
of the 50 officials, including
Ambassador Bunker, who were;
mentioned in the appendix of
his report and last night was
in touch with several of therm
in Saigon by telephone.
Testimony by Mitchell
Mr. Steele's statements par-1
alleled testimony by Atterney
er of
IT Corps," he! General John W. Mitchell to-
corrinaa4
day before a Senate joint sub-
4.
one of the stanch-
I committee tha ?t the United
est military-backers of Presi- States had identified a number
dent Thieu and one of the lead- of Southeast Asian leaders in-
in men in the current volved in illegal drug traffic
Salem dovernment." -, and was prepared to use its
full authority "and other means
of persuasion" to end their; 4
participation in government as ;
well as in narcotics trafficking.
Under questioning by Sena-
tor Edmund S Muskie. -
1402[4,
leaders .in "Burma, Laos and .cra,cs or
activitten.- a
Thailand as well as South Viet-
ip
nam were deeply involved
drug traffic.
The Attorney General Said he
could not identify any of thee
political or military leaders ex-
cept in a closed session of the
FlIhrommittee, but he declared:
-we feel we have identified
some of them and have taken
initiatives in some of the coun-
tries to eliminate their partici-
pation."
"You feel you will be able
to eliminate their participation
both in the drug traffic and in
government?" Senator Muskiie
asked.
"We anticipate we will be
able to do this to the extent
that our country has jurisdic-
tion or other means of per-
suasion," the Attorney General
replied.
Two subcommittees of the
Senate Committee on Govern-
ment Operations sat as a joint
panel to hear testimony from
Mr_ Mitchell, Elliot L. Richard-
son, Secretary of Health, Edu-
cation and Welfare, and David
Packard, Deputy Secretary of
Defense, on President Nixon's
plan to create a new special
action office in the White
House for the prevention Of
drug abuse.
In response to questions by
Senator Abraham A. Ribicoff,
Darnocrat of Connecticut, Mr.
Packard said the Pentagon was
prepared to grant retroactive
amnesty?on a ease by case
basis?to servicemen "dis-
charged under less than honor-
able circumstances because of
drug abuse."
Mr. Packard read the panel
a policy memorandum sent to-
day to all service secretaries
directing that, !`evidence de-
veloped by, or as a direct re-
suit of urinalysis administered
for the purpose of ideritifYing
drug abusers may not be used
in Jay disciplinary action under
the Uniform Code of Military
Justice or as a basis for sup-
porting an administrative dis-
charge under less than favor-
able circumstances."
it is only "fair and equi-
t:Iit" that former addicts in
the military forces be given the
same chance as present service-
men to earn a clean record and
an honorable discharge, the
Deputy Secretary said.
, Amnesty Program Criticized
: The military amnesty pro-
gram for addicts has been
criticized in and out of Con-
a
1
gress because some servicemen who turned themselves in for
1 ,treatment have been subjected
to disciplinary or punitive
' -------measures. ?
Approv%
crawl vstiviemasidid ! ', ._4- rv'c
,-)A.G11;
retroactive
affirettT ex-
plained.
The cora of t Administra-
tion's case for a President's',
$155-million spe4 a action pro-
gram was that t..e war against
narCotics addictian cannot suc-
ceed until the F 'aaral Govern-
ment brings all i casources to
bear through a o, w office in,
the White Hol (1 Its three
spokesmen said 1 effort now
was fragmenteo Anong nine
.Federal bureaus r, id agencies
and was not bet ,a carried out
Senator Ribie-4 conceded
that the changes aainned under
the President'..; :aordination
plan were good '3 far as it
goes."
"But I believe v will need
much more than t -lew box on
in organization ..hart," the
2onnecticut Seta .tor said. "It
aegins to look a: t ough when
we dqn't knew v hat else to do
and "we rant_ j zreate the
illusion of actroi id concern,
we create a am ut in the
White liause and assign it the
task of coordinw1n1 some Un-
known solution o the prob-
lem."
As co-chairmai f the joint
panel, Senator 3 Licoff asked
the Administrat o officials:
"What do you b are the
causes of the dru buses crisis .
in the nation?"
Attorney Gen .r:i Mitchell
said he was no aualified to
answer fully but gested that
the causes incite te "despond-
, ency, psychiatric i.-liance and
' the fact that mai V young peo-
ple find it soc.al,!e to join
othersin these act- 'o ties."
After extensii e discussion,
the only point al which the
committee membi-7s and admin-
istration spokest :a.A appeared
to be fully agree o '-vas the ac-
curacy of Preside: t Nixon's as-
sertion in a recera message to
Congress that mc :lilting narco-
tics addidtipa w. national
emergency.
? ?
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E 6422 Approve
CAUSMUNAL RECORD ?Extensions of Remarks Jte 1 23, 1971
cial aid to the needy, supporting numer-
ous charities, and standing by the new
arrivals in times of stress and tragedy.
They did everything from help in birth-
ing the living to burying the dead. This
work continues today in a glittering
example of .an ongoing social brother-
hood. Such organizations are classic
examples of why Americans of Jewish
faith have made such significant contri-
butions on all levels of American life.
In recent years, the society has ex-
panded its horizon, outlook, and activ-
ities, reaching many who would never
have benefited otherwise. It is concerned
with the general welfare of.the surround-
ing community, regardless of who be-
longs or lives there. Its donations and
good works on behalf of all the people of
New York are well known, respected, and
eagerly sought.
This year it celebrates its 50th anni-
versary. A special day was set aside in
its honor by the president of the Borough
of Brooklyn. I join in congratulating the
First Wloszczower Society of that occa-
sion. Long may they prosper and con-
tinue their good works among us.
LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION
ACT OF 1970
HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 23, 1971
Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, last
year after considerable debate the House
of Representatives voted to include in
the Legislative Reorganization Act of
1970 a provision to allow the minority
side proper committee staffing. At that
time, every Member of this body had an
opportunity to decide the question and
vote according to the dictates of his own
conscience, keeping in mind the general
good of the whole House, then, in direct
contrast to the will of the "majority"--
and I use that term in its generic sense
without reference to partisanship?the
Democratic caucus in January of this
year decided arbitrarily to overturn that
vote and bound it members to follow the
will of its leadership. With the introduc-
tion of the "minority staffing" resolu-
tion, the House now has an opportunity
to right this grievous wrong in the spirit
of fairness and return to the minority
side the protection it deserves and needs
with the assurance of adequate commit-
tee staffing. The very foundation of this
body in which we serve is the realization
that there are two sides to every ques-
tion, and I believe it is this willingness
to get at both sides of the question and
seek the best possible answer for all con-
cerned that has made our country the
great Nation it is today. In order to pro-
tect the rights of the minority and afford
it ample access to the services of profes-
sionals who share the views of the minor-
ity, we have no other recourse but to
pass this resolution.
"PROGRAMS FOR PEACEFUL COM-
MUNICATIONS"--A PROGRESS RE-
PORT FROM THE AGENCY FOR
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 22, 1971
Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, in 1969,
the House Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs amended the Foreign Assistance
Act authorizing the President to use
technical assistance funds to carry out
"programs of peaceful communications"
which make use of television and related
technologies, including satellite trans-
missions, for educational, health, agri-
cultural, and community development
purposes in the less-developed countries.
This provision of the foreign aid legis-
lation is section 220, programs for peace-
ful communication.
It resulted from a series of hearings
held earlier by the Subcommittee on Na-
tional Security Policy and Scientific De-
velopments of the House Committee on
Foreign Affairs.
Those hearings, which I chaired, dem-
onstrated the need for increased U.S.
attention to, and assistance for, pro-
grams which harness the new electronic
media to solving the problems of develop-
ment by use of effective modern com-
munication.
During the 2 years that section 220
has been in the foreign aid bill, the
Agency for International Development--
responding positively to this congres-
sional initiative?has increasingly con-
centrated its attention in this field.
In order to document this increased
program support I recently asked the
Agency to prepare a detailed report of
its activities in pursuit of the objectives
set forth by section 220.
It has now responded with a report
which indicates that AID's activities in
the area of communications technology
are expected to grow from $4.5 million
in fiscal year 1970 to as much as $13.7
million in fiscal year 1971.
Further, there is the expectation that
AID will continue to make this an area
of emphasis within its Technical Assist-
ance Bureau.
Because of the importance of these
communications-related programs to the
cause of worldwide economic develop-
ment, I am placing the ADD report and
a letter of transmittal in the RECORD at
this point and urge the attention of my
colleagues to them:
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT,
Washington. D.C.. March 30, 1971.
Hon. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCK/,
Chairman, Subcommittee on National Secu-
rity Policy and Scientific Developments,
Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of
Representatives. Washington. D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Per Mr. Bernstein's
letter of January 29, 1971 enclosed is a status
report of completed or proposed actions rela-
tive to Section 220 of the Foreign Assistance
Act since April, 1970. Also .-s; closed are data
on actual project obligatioi-3 or FY 1970 and
estimated obligations dun l ]g FY 1971.
Within existing limitation ;, we are hope-
ful that AID. aSsistance t ommunications
technology activities may imrease from 14
projects totalling $4.5 mill ;fl, in FY 1970 to
as high as 24 projects tote 1g $13.7 million
in FY 1971. This is a subst.;.i._ tial increase in
AID. 's communications;',4 chnology pro-
gram.
We are encouraged tha he operational
projects being tested seem o be moving well.
For example, in El Salved )r schools televi-
sion is reaching 11,000 students in the sev-
enth and eighth grades an' sill reach 50,000
by January, 1972. This will oe a large enough
number to test cost/effecti eless of this type
of activity.
Your committee has bi el, interested in
A.I.D. establishing centers r< r concentrated
attention to the uses of c )mmunications
technology in developing ?a;ntries. We are
doing so. FY 1971 funding p mvides for one
center which will be concerlel with a broad-
er approach to uses of educe tic nal technology
In the developing countrie PY 1971 funds
have already been allocated tc help establish
a center in Hawaii. These centers will stress a
systems approach and are imrortant in pro-
viding trained and skilled p, ;?kamnel from the
United States and develor In i; countries to
work on communications ,e;ehnology over-
seas.
In another effort to brit* t-rp quality pri-
,vate talent to bear on comDniaications tech-
nology in development, has contracted
with the Academy for Edu, ational Develop-
ment to help improve strategies for carrying
out both research and action programs and
to recommend new applirat ons for such,
technology. As the report r, eeals, communi-
cations technology work is inthest along in
the education field. During AI 1971, it is ex-
panding in family planning ?eork and greater
attention will be given to ,t potential in
agricultural development ir 1,1( 1972.
We appreciate the support w'iich your sub-
committee has given to A...D_ in programs
for peaceful communication; and assure you
that we will continue to pr ,;:? forward with
the program.
Sincerely yours,
MATTHEW ;IARVEY,
Director, Congressiona Liaison Staff.
REPORT ON PROGRESS IN IMT LFMENTING SEC-
T/ON 220 PAA?AUTHORIEL;G PROGRAMS FOR
PEACEFUL COMMUNICATION ;
I. SUMMARY
Section 220 of the Foreign Assistance Act
authorizes funds for progri .11-4 of peaceful
communications which make use of televi-
sion and related technologic., including sa-
tellite transmissions, for edu2a lanai, health,
agricultural and communi y development
purposes in the less deve oped countries
(LDCs). A.I.D. is directed ta :;ssist the de-
veloping countries with rt2a.-ch, training,
planning assistance and prcjeat support in
the use of television and rflaed technolo-
gies, including satellite trai ,roissions. (See
Appendix for full text of Se- uion 220.)
As noted in last year's rep -;r; to the Con-
gress, AID. believes that coramunications
technology has significant p. 4.4 ntial for de-
velopment when effectively applied on a suf-
ficient scale and for an adequate period as
a system, not just as an en ;ineering tech-
nology or as a supplement tc 8,andard edu-
cational efforts. By "system' ',e mean the
systematic development and adPileation of
concepts, plans, equipment (hardware), in-
structional materials (softa..m-.), manage-
ment and evaluation of resu ts The system
must take account of social e ;anomie and
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June 23, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD E.Oensions of Remarks E 6421
THE NIXON SY
HON. DONALD W. RIEC1,E,
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 23, 1971
Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, in last
Friday's Washington Post, there ap-
peared an enlightening article written by
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak con-
cerning the real story of the discovery of
massive herion addiction among Amer-
ican troops in South Vietnam. Pointing
out how a freshman Congressman was
the person to bring this tragedy to the
public, the article further explains how
the Nixon administration minimized
the impact of Representative ROBERT
STEELE'S revelation. A copy of the article
follows:
THE NIXON SYNDROME
(By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak)
When a young freshman Republican con-
gressman returned from Vietnam in mid-
April with a horrifying story of massive
heroin addiction among American troops, he
was met by ley irritation from the White
House?thereby underlining a political fail-
ure that has always bedeviled the Nixon
administration.
In fact, the new anti-heroin program un-
veiled at the White House yesterday stemmed
directly from revelations of Rep. Robert
Steele of Connecticut. But before that happy
point was reached, the 32-year-old first-
termer, a Republican moderate, was sub-
jected to the same old mode of opera-
tions by President Nixon's staff that has
disheartened so many Republican politicians.
Steele's experience is a case study of the
Nixon syndrome: the isolation of the Presi-
dent, the arrogance of much of his staff, the
White House fetish for secrecy, and the ad-
ministration's inexplicahle refusal to put its
best foot forward.
Actually, the Nixon administration has
been vigorously working on the drug problem
for two and one-half years under the guid-
ance of John Ehrlichman's domestic policy
staff at the White House. But nothing much
was getting through to the increasingly
anxious public or Congress, thanks to the
secrecy mania and the Teutonic fastidious-
ness of the Eihrlichman staff.
Moreover, the White House had been
sitting on a secret certain to sicken the
American public: beginning in December,
1969, heroin addiction among American
troops in Vietnam steadily rose toward
epidemic proportions. Typically, instead of
putting this problem before the public the
White House tried to cover it up.
So pervasive was the heroin traffic among
Vietnam GIs, however, that some journalist
or visiting congressman was bound to be hit
in the face with it. That was precisely what
happened when ex-CIA agent Steele and an-
other first-year congressman, 39-year-old
Chicago Democrat Morgan Murphy, visited
Vietnam. They returned to Washington con-
vinced that the profusion of cheap high-
grade heroin in Vietnam was magnifying
the national drug crisis in a truly terrifying
way.
Even then, the White House could have
recouped. Steele, a loyal Republican was not
about to attack his own President. Mr. Nixon
could have extolled the energy and initiative
of a freshman -congressman and, in the proc-
ess, given the Impression of forceful prosecu-
tion of the problem.
But he did no such thing. At this writing,
the President has not even conferred with
Steele. Nor has Ehrlichman. Instead, the con-
gressman was shunted off to two young mem-
bers of Ehrlichman's staff: Egll (Bud) Krogh
Jr., 31. Ehrlichman's deputy, and Jeffrey Don -
feld, 28, a specialist on drug problems.
Krough and Donfeld greeted Steele's revela-
tions with a posture of boredom and indiffer-
ence, the hauteur that has made the Elia--
lichman staff unloved on Capitol Hill, Don-
feld, in particular, confronted Steele in a
mood of now, now, my boy, we don't need
your a dvice.
Furthermore, Mr. Nixon tried to minimise
the impact of Steele's revelations. At his press
conference June 2, the President suggested
addiction of Vietnam troops was merely part
of the national drug problem--ignoring this
harsh fact inherent in Steele's report: soldleas
returning home as heroin addicts would never
have been introduced to the drug had they
not gone to Vietnam.
Both this position by the President ard
the coolness of his staff toward Steele sten
from their awareness that the Vietnam
heroin story provides powerful propaganda to
the antiwar campaign for a precipitous troop
pullout from Vietnam and further under-
mines diminished faith in the nation's armed
services. To cope with this, the White Houle
characteristically pretended it did not exist.
Beyond this, staffers Krogh and Donfeld,
having worked night and day on the drug
problem, were genuinely irritated by a very
junior congressman who had become a 24-
hour expert. In so doing, they again betrayed
the exasperation of the White House with the
legislative branch and its dim realization that
Congress exists as a coordinate branch of
government.
Within the last few weeks, more politically
experienced presidential aidw (including
counselor Donald Rumsfeld, an ex-congress-
man) stepped in to take a more conciliatory
position with Steel. As a result, Steele, though
still chilled by his treatment at the White
House, has nothing but praise publicly for
the President and his comprehensive new
program announced yesterday. But in the
Republican cloakroom, the real story is well
known and once again betrays to all how
shockingly little the White House has learned
about the trade of politics.
OPEN DATING
HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 23, 1971
Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, a re-
cent survey by the Consumer Federation
of America showed widespread sale of
overage infant formula by grocery and
drugstores in 5 States.
Fifty-seven percent of the stores were
selling formula that was more than 18
months old, the maximum :Leif life ac-
cording to industry and medical sources,
the CFA reported.
In most cases, consumers were unable
to tell the age of the product. Those few
that did have expiration dates frequent-
ly had them obscured by price stickers
or blurred.
This experience points up the need for
specific legislative action to protect con-
sumers from the problems of overage and
possibly unwholesome foods. It also is
further evidence of the need for prompt
action on my bill, HR. 8438, the "Open
Dating" bill, which would require that
expiration dates be clearly stated on all
packaged perishable and semiperishable
foods.
I am inserting in the RECORD at this
point a news clipping about the CFA sur-
vey on infant formula:
[From The Washington Post,
Friday, June 11, 19711
INFANT FORMULA
The Consumer Federation of America
charged yesterday that a spot-check of gro-
cery and drug stores in five states indicated
that 57 per cent of the stores are selling in-
fant formula, more than 18 months old.
Eighteen months, CFA said, is the "maxi-
mum accepted shelf-life established by var-
ious companies and the people we have Con-
tacted in the medical professien."
The Food and Marketing Committee of the
CFA surveyed 110 stores during April and
May in Arizona, California, Illinois, Louis-
iana and Oregon. A similar survey was con-
ducted in Virginia last January which
prompted the nationwide check. CFA said
large amounts of outdated formula were be-
ing sold in Virginia. -
The survey revealed evidence of leaking
cans, price Stickers pasted over expiration
dates, and blurred or missing dates and
markings, asserted Erma Angevine, CFA ex-
ecutive director.
CFA requested that leading manufactur-
ers?Gerber Products (Modilac), Mead John-
son (Enfamil), Pfizer (Baker's), Borden
(Bremil), Ross (Similac)?immediately re-
call all stale formula, advise retailers of the
necessity to make regular and frequent
checks of supplies, and begin printing the
shelf expiration or manufacturing data clear-
ly on all containers.
CFA urged the Food and Drug-Administra-
tion to oversee removal of old formula from
the market and to set and enforce freshness
standards promptly.
A TRULY GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY
HON. FRANK J. BRASCO
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 23, 1971
Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, not a day
passes without some tribute being paid
to our immigrant heritage. Most Amer-
icans, however, rarely take the trouble to
ascertain more about the roots and real-
ity of that heritage.
It comes from many places in the old
country, and nowhere is it better repre-
sented than in the city of New York and
my Own Borough of Brooklyn. As the
immigrants arrived here, more often
than not penniless, helpless, and unable
to speak English, they relied on the ideals
grid institutions they were able to uproot
and bring with them.
Often these took the form of small
societies, based upon what region or
town some of these new arrivals hailed
from in the old country. Based on re-
ligious and communal ties, many of these
societies have written glowing chapters
in American city life. Such an outstand-
.ing group is the First Wloszczower So-
ciety, Inc.
This Hebrew association is nonprofit
and was formed in New York on March
12, 1921. It shortly began to act as a
welcoming and adjustment group for
newly arrived immigrants, who so often
in the following years came as victims of
the worst kind of persecution. Innumer-
able American citizens today made their
first difficult transition from immigrant
to useful citizen because of this society.
The First Wloszczower Society acted
as a social brotherhood, extending fman-
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033-ACE 2-
House Panel Votes Aid Cut
For Nations in Drug Traffic
By SHIRLEY ELDER
Star Staff Writer
The House Foreign Affairs
Committee has voted to cut off
military and economic aid to
any nation, including South Viet-
nam, that fails to curb drug
traffic to the United States.
The action yesterday came
only a day after Nixon adminis-
tration officials told a Senate
subcommittee that a number of
Southeast Asian leaders are per-
sonally involved in drug opera-
tions.
? As the officials, led by Attor-
ney General John Mitchell, testi-
fied in the Senate, Rep. Robert
H. Steele, R-Conn., went a step
further. He named names.
Steele, one of the first to bring
the growing problem of GI drug
addicition to the public, said
South Vietnamese Maj. Gen.
Ngo Dzu, commander of the
II Corps region, is "one of the
chief traffickers in heroin in
Southeast Asia."
In Saigon, Dzu yesterday de-
nied the charge "completely."
In an interview with the Asso-
ciated Press Dzu accused "per-
sonal enemies" of distributing
anonymous letters three months
ago accusing him of corruption
and said he believes they are
responsible for the latest charge.
The general said he and his
senior American adviser, John
Paul Vann, were waging a
"very big" campaign against
narcotics in his region "and we
got very nice results since two
months. Yesterday we captured
in Pleiku more than 200 kilos of
marijuana, and I gave large re-
wards to the men who captured
that."
Also "deeply involved"with
heroin, Steele said, is Gen.
Quane Rathikoune, chief of the
Laotian general staff.
(Last month, in a story from
Vientiane, Laos. The Star's cor-
respondent Tammy Arbuckle not-
ed that Gen. Quane had been
named as a participant in the
opium trade by John Ingersoll,
chief of the U.S. Bureau of Nar-
cotics and Dangerous Drugs.
(Arbuckle reported that Quane
"could not very well avoid being
involved even if h e wanted to...
As military commander he
needs full military power. If an-
other officer ran the opium busi-
ness, then that officer would be-
come rich and would be able to
buy the allegiance of royal
forces in Northern Laos, leading
to anarchy in the Royal Army.")
In the wake of Rep. Steele's
charges, Rep. William R. Ander-
son, D-Tenn., renewed his de-
mand that President Nixon re-
move the U.S. Ambassador in
Saigon, Ellsworth Bunker.
"I make this statement with no
sense of joy," Anderson told the
House. "General Dzu cannot be
alone in this corrupt operation.
Others high in the Saigon gov-
ernment are bound to be in-
volved . . .
? "Ambassador Bunker is an
honorable and dedicated Ameri-
can. But he is well up in years.
He is not on top of the situation
in Vietnam, much less in tune
with the conditions of the coun-
try he represents."
Although the House tends to be
more hawkish on the war than
the Senate is, antiwar sentiment
has been growing in recent
months and concern over GI
drug addiction is widespread.
Chances for a favorable vote
in the full House on the foreign
affairs antidrug amendment,
therefore, appeor good.
The amendment was offered
by Rep. John S. 1VIonagan,
D-Conn., as a rider to the 1071
Foreign Assistance Act. It was
approved by the full committee
unanimously on a voice vote.
Specifically, the 'amendment
directs the President to withhold
aid to any country that fails to
take adequate steps to prevent
narcotic drugs from entering the
United States.
Suspension of aid would not be
automatic. The President would
have to make a formal determi-
nation that the particular for-
eign country is not cooperating.
The ban also would extend to
the foreign military sales and
; agricultural trade laws.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE
. - t-y 14, 19 7 1
pact on the priority of expenditures and that
he is well informed concerning performance
against budget and plans in the program
areas.
Thirdly, I would standardize and make
more effective our activities in data process-
ing, management research, auditing, and
procurement.
Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, these are
worthy objectives, and sio long as they
are not viewed as ends but are viewed
as means to achieve the missions of the
Department, their implementation can
improve the efficiency and the respon-
siveness of the Department.
Mr. President, I urge that the Senate
confirm Mr. Bodman to be Assistant Sec-
retary of the Interior for Budget and
Management.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, the nomination
is confirmed.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the President be
immediately notified of the confirmation
of this nomination.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
LEGISLATIVE SESSION
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move that the Senate resume the consid-
eration of legislative business.
The motion was agreed to, and the Sen-
ate resumed the consideration of legisla-
tive business.
F....THE HEROIN WAR IN INDOCHINA
Mr. MANSFIELD. Now, Mr. President,
In this morning's Washington Post there
Is published an article entitled "Facts
Surface on the Heroin War," written by
Miss Flora Lewis. We all know and ap-
plaud what our Government has done
in trying to bring, about a decrease in the
production of opium in Turkey; but I
would hope that we would not lose sight
of the fact that approximately nine-
tenths of opium production in the world
comes from the so-called Golden Corridor
in Laos, Thailand, and Burma.
We have talked a good deal about the
casualties of our men?and they are huge.
We have talked a good deal about the
costs of the war?and they are great. But
only recently have we been discussing the
question of drugs as they affect American
personnel in Indochina and, incidentally,
involve local dignitaries in many of the
countries concerned.
. If I may take an excerpt on two from
the article written by Miss Lewis?which
I hope every Member of Congress will
read as well as the administration down-
town?she brings out the fact that the
CIA has provided Congress with a report
naming the sites of the heroin refineries
in Burma, Thailand, and Laos. There is
more toit. It will go in with the full story.
I read as follows:
The report. also confirms for the first
time on the record that. Laotian air force
planes and Laotian and South Vietnamese
commercial planes take the drugs on to mar-
kets, both the GI market in South Vietnam
and international centers which ship to
Europe and the United States. It does not
mention Air America, the CIA-operated air-
line in Laos and Vietnam. But there have
long been numerous reports that Air Amer-
ica's secret fights supporting the Laotian
war also often transport opium.
Further on,
Vice Adm. William C. Mack, Deputy As-
sistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower,
has testified that the only thing that "will
save our men" from the tremendous drug
problem in Vietnam is troop withdrawal.
But the supply routes are organized now.
The high-ranking officials, and by no means
all the highest have as yet been named, still
have U.S. support and every prospect that
support will continue after most troops have
gone. So the heroin can be expected to fol-
low the GIs home, a continuing souvenir of
the war.
Two developments have begun to bring
into the open the relation of heroin and
the war. One is the huge increase in GI use
in the past two years, while the military
were assiduously fighting marijuana and vir-
tually ignoring the opium-heroin trade. The
other is counting public revulsion as each
piece of news appears here.
And, further on.
It is time, late but not too late, for Amer-
ican intelligence which does know quite a lot
about the drug traffic to make it their con-
cern. It is time to stop defoliating Vietnam-
ese fields and start defoliating poppy fields.
It is time to stop subsidizing high Asian offi-
cials who use American support to deal in
drugs with impunity.
John Ingersoll, director of the Bureau of
Narcotics, has written. Congress that "It is
probable that opium production in South-
east Asia will be brought under effective
control only with further political develop-
ment in these countries."
If that means that the United States can't
successfully fight heroin and Vietnamese
Communists at the same time because too
many allies are on the side of heroin, it
shouldn't be hard to choose the worst enemy.
There can be no national defense even on
this continent if the invasion of drugs is
not stopped.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have this very worthy article
printed in full in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FACTS SURFACE ON THE HEROIN WAR
(By Flora Lewis)
At last the facts of the heroin war in
Indochina are trickling out. Many officials,
and others, have been aware of them for a
long time. But the officials weren't very in-
terested, and secrecy about the war in Laos
and American clandestine operations made
it extra hard for others to pinpoint the
route of heroin from the mountaintop poppy
fields of Southeast Asia to American blood-
streams.
The CIA, which has prime responsibility
for the Laotian war, long denied any knowl-
edge of the drug traffic. Now it has provided
Congress, through the Bureau of Narcotics,
with a report naming the sites of heroin re-
fineries in Burma. Thailand and Laos. Fur-
ther, the public report says that "a senior
Laotian officer may hold an ownership in-
terest in some of these facilities." The offi-
cer, named elsewhere. is Gen. Ouane Rathi-
kone, chief of staff of the Laotian army,
which exists entirely on U.S. subsidy. Army '
unite provide a "military defense perimeter"
to guard the refineries.
The report also confirms for the first time
on the record that Laotian air force planes
and Laotian and South Vietnamese commer-
cial planes take the drugs on to markets,
both the GI market in South Vietnam and.
international centers which ship to Europe
and the United States. It does not mention
Air America, the CIA-c _aerated airline in
Laos and Vietnam. But til.eie have long been
numerous reports that ikir America's secret
flights supporting the!"..,,otisin war also
often transport opium.
Rep. Robert Steele of Connecticut, an ex-
CIA man himself, has naiad Maj. Gen. Ngo
Dzu who commands South Vietnam's Sec-
ond Military region as ,,ni. large-scale or-
ganizer of the traffic.
The opium, from which aeroin is refined,
is grown chiefly by Mao rileamen who live
in what is called the "gc.den triangle" area
of western Burma, nortl no. Thailand and
Laos. The CIA organize() the Meo of Laos
into the Aimee Clandestir ind has accepted
responsibility for large m Inhere of them.
Although it normally lernied having any
awareness or interest ii. he drug trade,
from time to time the CI A. _ilaincied progress
in. persulading the Mao nailer its influence
to switch to food crops. Ira own report now
says that "in areas (in Laos) Where the
tribesmen have been enociaraged to grow
corn, the poppies are panted among the
earn. When the corn is cut Ale poppies con-
tinue to grow until the l I oo can be har-
vested."
Vice Adm. William C. Deputy As-
sistant Secretary of Defeost. for Manpower,
has testified that the cual, Jing that "will
save our men" from the tremendous drug
problem in Vietnam is ?roop withdrawal.
But the supply routes a ra organized now.
The high-ranking officialt act by no means
all the highest have as ye been named, still
have U.S. support, and eiery prospect that
support will continue lane most troops have
gone. So the heroin can be pealed to follow
the GIs home, a continuir g souvenir of the
war.
Two developments haw. iegun to bring
into the open the relation of heroin and the
war. One is the huge WI-Tease in GI use
in the past two years, val is the military
were assiduously fighting ria.-ijurina and vir-
tually ignoring the opium .-a.roin trade. The
other is mounting pUblic revulsion as each
piece of news appears her.
But the situation isn't ?iery new. Capt.
Robert Marasco, the foraitr Green Beret
who was accused of killin s double agent,
tells of camping on the Cambodian border
in the Parrot's Beak seatci in 1969. "There
was a big market field tiara: people went
back and forth as though ',here were no bor-
der. The price of heroin we'-; astonishing: for
$25 you could get what as is for $500,000 in
the United States," he told inc.. "It was being
bought by South Vietrianie-a soldiers, ob-
viously flunkies for the hi i;bor-ups."
On another occasion, he :railed 30 pounds
of pure opium brought d.ran the Ho Chi
Minh Trail by Pathet Lao C oromunists along
with medical supplies and and they were
sold to South Vietnamese on-Wary arid sent
on to Saigon. "I didn't pay mnich attention,"
Marasco says "that wasn't ouf concern."
It is time, late but not to ;ate, for Ameri-
can intelligence which does kriow quite a lot
about the drug traffic to roake it their con-
cern. It is time to stop der( li.ting Vietnam-
ese fields and start defolia.,,ng poppy fields.
It is time to stop subsidizing aigh Asian offi-
cials who use American support to deal in
drugs with Impunity.
John Ingersoll, director the Bureau of
Narcotics, has written Congrirss that "It is
probable that opium prod ic ion in South
east Asia will be brought 'under effective
control only with further j-ontical develop-
ment in these countries."
If the means that the Uoited State can't
successfully fight heroin .n,1 Vietnamese
Communists at the same tale because too
many allies are on the stie of heroin, it
shouldn't be hard to choose , worst enemy.
There can be no national ie. ense even on
this continent if the invest() drugs is not
stopped.
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July 14, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? SENATE ? S 10815
46,1
aration for subsequent prototype construc-
tion;
(h) the term "prototype" means a full-
size, first-of-a-kind production plant used
for the development, study, and demonstra-
tion of full-sized technology, plant opera-
tion, and process economics.
SEC. 10. (a) There is authorized to be ap-
propriated to carry out the provisions of this
Act during fiscal year 1972, the sum of
$27,025,000, to remain available until ex-
pended, as fellows:
(1) Rebearch expense, not more than
$5,475,000;
(2) Development expense, not more than
$10,200,000;
(3) Design, construction, acquisition,
modification, operation, and maintenance of
saline water conversion test beds and test
facilities, not more than $7,385,000;
(4) Design, construction, acquisition.
modification, operation, and maintenance of
saline water conversion modules, not more
than $1,125,000; and
(5) Administration and coordination, not
more than $2,540,000.
Expenditures and obligations under ara-
graphs (1) , (2), (3) , and (4) of this
section may may be increased by not more th
10 per centum, and expenditures an
obligations under paragraph (5) may be in-
creased by not more than 2 per centum, if
any such increase under any paragraph is
accompanied by an equal decrease in ex-
penditures and obligations under one or
more of the other paragraphs.
(b) There are authorized to be appropri-
ated such sums, to remain available until ex-
pended, as may be specified in annual ap-
propriation authorization Acts to carry out
the provisions of this Act during the fiscal
years 1973 to 1977, inclusive, and to finance,
for not more than three years beyond the
end of said period, such grants, contracts,
cooperative agreements, and studies as may
theretofore have been undertaken pursuant
to this Act and such activities as are required
to correlate, coordinate, and round out the
results of studies and research undertaken
pursuant to this Act.
(c) Not more than 2 per centum of the
funds to be made available in any fiscal year
for research under the authority of this Act
may be expended, subject to the approval
of the Secretary of State to assure that such
aotivities are consistent with the foreign
policy objectives of the United States, in
cooperation with public or private agencies in Tpe motion was agreed to.
foreign countries for research useful to the
program in the United States.
SEC. 11. The Act of July 3, 1952 (80 Stat. / EXECUTIVE SESSION
328), as amended, is repealed. / Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
And amend the title so as to read: "Al)' unanimous consent that the Senate go
act to expand and extend the desaltik into executive session to consider a norni-
program being conducted by the nation on the executive calendar, under
- new report.
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to the consideration of execu-
tive business.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. The nomination on the executive
calendar will be stated.
the saline water conversion program to
the advanced waste treatment program
of the Environmental Protection Agency.
These amendments are necessary to pre-
serve the substance of the agreement be-
tween the Interior Coinmittee and the
Public Works Committee which was dis-
cussed prior to Senate passage of the bill
on June 28.
Mr. President, I move that the Senate
concur in the amendment of the House
with amendments, which I send to the
desk and ask that they be stated and
considered en bloc.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. The amendments will be stated.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
1. On page 9, line 2, delete the phrase
"Section 2" and insert instead "section. 3".
2. On page 9,11ne 5, delete the phrase "sub-
seotion (a) of this section" and insert in-
stead "subsection 10(b) of this Act."
3. On page 9, line 7, delete the phrase "sub-
section 2(e) and section 3" and insert instead
"subsection 3(e) and section 4".
4. On page 7, amend subsection 8(b) to
read as follows: "(b) the Secretary will coop-
erate with the Administrator of the Environ,"
ventel Protection Agency to insure that
rch and development work performed n-
de this Act makes the fullest possibl con-
trib ion to the improvement of p ceases
and techniques for the treatment saline
and oth chemically contamina d waters
and to av d the duplication of ,'the experi-
ence, exper , and data regarcptig desalting
technologies'which have beep acquired in
the performanbe of the Sal e Water Con-
version Act."
5. On page 9, end bseotion. 9(c) to
read as follows: "(c th. term 'Other chem-
ically contaminated er, refers- to waters
which contain' che s susceptible to re-
moval by desalting es:"
The ACTING/'RES pro tem-
pore. The question is on a eeing to the
motion ofth Senator from \Montana.
The moti
mi
was agreed to.
Mr. SFIELD. Mr. Pr dent, I
move that the Senate concur n the
amendnient of the House to the t e of
the bill.
tary of the Interior, and for other
poses."
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Presid t, the
purpose of this measure is t redirect
and extend the Federal resear and de-
velopment program in desalting tech-
nology. The bill passed the" Senate with
amendments on June 28. The House fur-
ther amended the bill 'by substituting
the text of H.R. 9093, a $imilar bill passed
? by the House on July J, 1971.
Although it is soMewhat different in
format and in thewording of some pro-
visions, the Hous0 version is not differ-
ent in substance from the Senate bill.
There are, however, two areas which re-
quire further amendments. The first in-
volves three technical amendments to
section 8 of the House bill which are
necessary to retain the original intent
of references to other sections of the bill.
The second involves two amendments to
provisions concerning the relationship of
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
The legislative clerk read the nomina-
tion of Richard Stockwell Bodman, of
California, to be an Assistant Secretary
of the Interior.
Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, I wish to
say a few words in support of Mr. Rich-
ard S. Bodman's nomination to be As-
sistant Secretary of the Interior for
Budget and Management.
Mr. Bodman is a young man for such a
position of high responsibility, but his
experience in accounting, management,
and management consulting will permit
him to bring to this position the vigor .
and innovativeness of youth, tempered by
experience. Secretary Morton believes he
will and has already made valuable con-
tributions to the Department of the In-
terior, and, provided Mr. Bodman main-
tains a balanced approach and acquires
an understanding and, appreciation for
the achievement of the missions Congress
has assigned to the Department, it would .
appear that he has the background, abil-
ity, and intelligence ..to assist materially
In the successful omplishrnent of the
missions of the D ? artment.
Mr. President ask unanimous consent
that Mr. n's biography be printed
in the RECOR at this point.
There g no objection, the biog-
raphy wi ordered to be printed in the
RECORD as follows:
. B GRAPHY OF RICHARD S. BODMAN
R rd S. Bodman, 33, of San Francisco
appointed Assistant Secretary for Ad-
nistration by Interior Secretary Rogers
B. Marton, with the consent of the Presi-
dent, April 1, 1971. Mr. Bodman has been
nominated by the President for the position
of an Assistant Secretary of the Interior
whose duties will include, among others,
those of the present Assistant Secretary for
Administration.
A certified public accountant, he was
formerly a partner in Touche Ross and
Company, one of the largest international
accounting and consulting firms. He has
been directing the firm's consulting practice
in San Francisco and Hawaii for the past six
years. Additionally, he served as Chairman
of the firm's Committee for all Services to
Banks, Chairman of the Management Serv-
ices Long Range Planning Committee, and
was a member of the Management Services
Executive Committee governing the firm's
nationwide management services practices.
A native of Detroit, Michigan, but a resi-
dent of San Francisco for the last ten years,
Mr. Bodman is past Chairman, of the San
Francisco Chapter of the Management Serv-
ices Committee of the California Society of
Certified Public Aocountants; past President
of the Planning Executives Institute's San
Francisco Chapter; and was a member of the
National Panel of Arbitrators, Amerioan
Arbitration Association. His background in-
cludes managing a wide variety of business
and government administration projects,
especially with large financial institutions.
He holds a BS degree in engineering from
teton University and an MS degree- in
trial management from M.I.T.
married to the former Helene DUDIII
have two sons. Taylor, 9, and
had
He.
and
James,
Mr.
prepared s
tenor Comm
three objecti
these objective
OTT. Mr. President, in his
tement to the Senate In-
ee, Mr. Bodman proposed
s for himself. I believe
would be of interest to
Senators, and I k unanimous consent
that an excerpt Of his statement con-
taining these objectives be printed in the
)3,Ecoap Sit this point::
There being no objection, the objec-
tives were ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
I would initiate a--program to further long-
term excellenoe in management of the De-
partment's affairs by placing highly quail-
lied and motivated people into responsible
positions. In this regard I would strive to
develop improved methods for identifying
talented people early in their careers and
developing their management expertise.
Secondly, I would institute improved
budgetary policies and reporting procedures
to assure that the Secretary he.s direct im-
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July 14, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE S 10817
ALL VETERANS DO NOT CARRY
LABELS
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, the Phil-
adelphia Inquirer of July 13 included
remarks made by Mr. Dom Domingos, a
Vietnam veteran, on the NBC?TV pro-
gram "Comment."
While Mr. Domingos' words speak
eloquently for themselves, I would like
to make the following point.
In our effort to rectify and halt re-
ported abuses and atrocities committed
by a few of our servicemen in Vietnam
or, indeed, in our desire to aid those who
.have fallen victim to harmful drugs, let
us not summarily characterize all Viet-
nam veterans. I hope that we all, what-
ever our views on this war, will make a
conscious effort not to create an atmos-
phere that makes it impossible for our
Vietnam veterans to return to a normal
life in the United States. We should
always bear foremost in our minds that
our Vietnam veterans, whatever their
views on the war, have all made a con-
siderable personal sacrifice on their
Nation's mission.
I ask unanimous consent that the full
text of Mr. Domingos' statement be
printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
SET THE RECORD STRAIGHT: ALL VETERANS Do
Nov CARRY LABELS
(By Dom Domingos)
The following remarks were made by Mr.
Domingos, a Vietnam veteran, on the NBC-
TV Program, "Comment" recently:
As a disabled veteran I find It very dis-
turbing that there are those in America who
would seek to "lump together," polarize, pre-
judge and automatically slot us Vietnam
veterans as being either for or against the
war; as being pot-heads or racists; as being
flag-wavers of super-patriots; or as being
trained assassins unable to adjust to civil-
ian life.
These attempts have become evident to me
just by reading the newspaper, observing
mass media coverage, or watching the so-
called "talk shows" displaying the "typical
Vietnam veteran."
I am a veteran of a war which I feel at the
present time no man can accurately predict
as to what the last deadly entry in the log
will be. A war which by its very nature con-
fronts our fighting servicemen with com-
plexities and pressures never before faced. A
war which by its very nature sets its vet-
erans apart and does not lead itself to the
camaraderie and esprit of any previous war.
Lest anyone forget, we served our time in
hell?and some of us will carry proof of that
service with us the rest of our lives.
Let's set the record straight, however. In
ten months of Vietnam duty as an adviser
to South Vietnamese units I did not and
do not now use drugs; I found the majority
of the South Vietnamese people friendly and
appreciative of my presence; I committed no
war crimes; I am neither for nor against the
war in its entirety.
I feel that I served with dignity and honor,
and as long as there is a breath left in me.
I will defend my right and the right of Vi-
etnam veterans to be human beings with
that same dignity and honor.
John Kerry, Jerry Mueller, John O'Neill,
Mr. News Commentator and others, I re-
sent your attempting to speak for me and
the image you are portraying of me. I re-
sent being used as a pawn in your political
arena?or anybody else's. I find demonstra-
tions in violation of the law offensive.
I find your actions and rhetoric divisive
and conducive to polarization and, prejudg-
ing of Vietnam veterans?this trend, if
allowed to continue. I consider to be detri-
mental to the Vietnam veteran now and
over the long haul. I firmly contend that
each man must stand for what he believes?
and I defend that right?but to coin a
phrase: "Speak for thyself, John." Stop
speaking for me.
I have been medically retired from the
service since July 1968. Since that time, I
have been in industry doing personnel work.
Before I left the Army. I served as assistant
to the commanding general of the Army
Physical Disability Agency, traveling to all
major Army Hospitals in the continental
United States and talking to the men on the
wards.
I have been close to the subject for five
years now, and have watched the image
change?.I have seen hope turn to despair,
pride turn to confusion and despair and
confusion turn to utter helplessness.
I have been asked, "How does it feel to
be a murderer" and have heard the com-
ment, "Check him for drugs?he's a Vietnam
vet."
I ask you, is it necessary that I agree
with your viewpoint to be accepted as a
veteran of this nation; must the words Viet-
nam veteran paint a picture in the minds of
some people?not all?of what I am, what
I feel. I think not Just as there are com-
plexities amongst the veterans of that war.
So I say to all Americans?do not group,
polarize or prejudge ns. Each of us has our
own thoughts, views, and experiences and
if given the opportunity will relate them?
but give us that right and above all let us
maintain our dignity. Let us prove
ourselves to you as men, as human beingsi
as individuals.
THE NIXON PROGRAM FOR
HOUSING
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I commend
'to the attention of my colleagues an
article from the July issue of Mortgage
Banker by Mr. Eugene S. Cowen, Special
Assistant to the President. As Mr. Cowen
points out in his article:
The Nixon Administration has consistently
viewed low- and moderate-income housing
as a top priority budgetary item and has
striven to translate into bricks and mortar
the promises contained in the Housing and
Urban Development Act of 1968.
I ask unanimous consent that "The
Nixon Program for Housing" be printed
at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE Nixox Paosusat FOR HOUSING
(By Eugene S. Cowen)
Shortly after Richard Nixon was sworn
in as President, he was flying over Wash-
ington in a helicopter. As the chopper passed
over the Mall, the grassy expanse between
the Washington Monument and the Lin-
coln Memorial, he spotted a long row of old
temporary structures, the Navy and Muni-
tions Buildings.
They were built during World War I and
have stood moldering in full view of a half
century of tourists who have visited the
nation's capital. The President knew the
buildings well because he was stationed
there briefly when he was a lieutenant, ju-
nior grade, after World War II, and he didn't
think much of them then.
So he directed that the "tempos" be taken
down as soon as possible. A White House
memorandum went out to the friendly pro-
prietors of the Navy and Munitions Build-
ings, advising them that the tui anander-in-
Chief would like them, pleas T,C0 get their
structures off the public's gras.;
? That set off a heated delx ,e within the
federal establishment, the m ary arguing
protempo and the civilians a Isvering anti-
tempo. It reached its height when the Navy
cleverly invited a presidentli assistant to
the Army-Navy game and asaigned an Ad-
miral to lobby him all the way ax-m Washing-
ton to Philadelphia.
But the White House pet't rated and the
buildings were removed?a ear after the
President asked them to corm cown.
Now, if it takes that Wag to enr something
down, isn't it harder yet to build something
up? Yes. But we peridst. Pinistence has
paid off with our housing progiar...s.
_During the past two and a leaf years, the
Nixon Administration has t kn vigorous
steps to stimulate housing p -oduction and
has achieved record levels of output for low-
and moderate-income families
Housing requires financint As you are
aware, housing production is sensitive
to changing monetary condit,ops. The cor-
porate borrower is first in lin, s t the credit
window, while the home purcb,s,r is usually
at the end of the line. During tight money
periods, housing starts usua :y drop very
sharply. During the money et ,a?ch of 1966,
private housing starts declined a about 900,-
000 units in the last quarter o, that year.
During the most recent tight .0, iliey period,
however, housing productice was better
maintained despite very high im.erest rates.
In no quarter of 1969-10 did private hous-
ing starts average less than 1.26 million units.
The annual rate of housing tarts was 1.4
million units in 1970, camper to 1.2 mil-
lion in 1966. Housing starts 1 race recovered
sharply, and the 1971 total wi I xobably be
about 1.9 million units.
The dramatic turnaround is a response to
a variety of Nixon Administr.,tisn policies.
One is the overall economic pi 4- that is re-
flected in lower interest rates. 'I he other is
the massive federal effort to maintain the
flow of credit into housing. F nd_ the third
is the shift that put a larger proportion of
housing resources into help 10,- low- and
moderate-income families.
SUBSIDIZED HOUSIN
During 1970, 433,000 housing starts were
subsidized by the Department of Housing and
Urban Development and the F inner's Home
Administration. This represen et; almost 30
percent of total housing start.; As recently
as 1968, assisted housing unita anmunted to
scarcely more than 10 percent -4 total hous-
ing starts.
Much of the increase in hots 3rig units has
occurred in Section 235 and Be -Lion 236 pro- .
grams. Through deep subsidization of mort-
gage interest costs, these pro ;rams reduce
monthly payments to a level .v chin reach
of moderate-income families. *Ulmer the Sec-
tion 235 program alone, about 116,000 units
were started in 1970 and ainsost 200,000
units are likely to be started io 1971. For
lower-income families, public h=aising and -
the rent supplement program continue to
play a major role.
Who is helped by these prot ,s Ins? Under
Section 235, the typical purcla,ser of a new
house is a family of five usuaAy headed by
both a husband and wife. Almost all of their
income is from wages and sala acri, and very
little from welfare assistance. The head of
this family is usually about 30 years old.
Under -this program, the parenaser pays,
on the average, under $18,000 fur his own
house. The "annual family inccin:: is $6,169.
That strikes a point below the hicome needed
to live reasonably well in a el y, but above
the income levels of the typi,al family in
public housing.
The housing needs of low- and moderate-
income older people are met 13 rough two
programs: Section 236 rental and public
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE July 14, 1971
housing. Construction was started on about
50,000 units specifically designed for senior
citizens qnder these two programs in 1970.
Further improvements in our federally-
assisted prcranis are possible. Note how fast
and effective HUD Secretary George Rom-
ney acted to eqrrect several deficiencies x\ a mix of programs that aun-
covered in the Sttion 235 program. However,
we presently h
is making a substactial contribution to the
housing needs of the, full range of low- and
moderate-income hdir,seholds, and racial
composition. The Nixon\ Administration has
consistently viewed low-\ and moderate-in-
come housing as a top ority budgetary
item and has striven to tran ate into bricks
and mortar the promises coftained in the
Housing and Urban Develop ent Act of
1968.
RUNAWAY COSTS 't
But what good are these programs if run-
away costs price the average Amer1ci out
of the new housing market? Fede lly-
assisted programs are not blank ohec to
underwrite such rising construction co.
Moreover, advancing costs would eventuall
defeat our efforts to increase housing
production.
The Administration has approached this
problem from several directions at once. We
have put great emphasis on new housing
technology under Operation Breakthrough in
order to lower costs and develop mass pro-
duction approaches to housing. We have en-
couraged mobile homes, where suitable, and
now eligible for financing under FHA and
VA programs. More recently, we have insti-
tuted a program to curb rising construction
costs. Construction unions and industrial
contractors have agreed to a reform of work
rules aimed at eliminating excessive overtime
pay, featherbedding, and permitting the un-
restricted use of all trade tools and equip-
ment. We hope that these reforms will be
implemented at the local level.
President Nixon has instituted a coopera-
tive system of wage-price "constraints" in
the construction industry, designed to main-
tain negotiated annual wage increases.
Labor-management boards will review col-
lective bargaining agreements in each of the
construction crafts. A government commit-
tee will also establish criteria for price in-
creases and management compensation . . .
If persistence pays off in getting "tempos"
off the grass and encouraging housing con-
struction, it is also the driving force behind
this Administration's determination, to
streamline the federal government, turning
some of the control back to states and local
communities.
Revenue sharing, general and special, is the
name President Nixon has given to his pan
to turn some $10 billion over to the tates
and local communities. It is based n the
philosophy that it is the people's money
to begin with, and the more di control
the people have in its disburse t the bet-
ter it will be spent.
We believe that the fede 1 government
should do what it can d best, and that
state and local gover nts should be
strengthened by pnovi g them with the
money to run their p.grams in a way to
best meet their varyir* needs. Your reason
for subscribing to/this philosophy should
be guided by the fact that the last time
the state legislatures met, more than four-
fifths of them were asked by their governors
for more taxes.
Revenue sharing, however, has a special
significance to those who build or finance
housing because It takes more than a group
of houses to make a oommunity. It takes
water and sewer lines, schools, libraries, and
a whole host of other services which are
provided mostly by state and local govern-
ments. Revenue sharing will give you a
greater say in how these services can be
better provided for your communities.
THE DflUENC15
Finally, the President wants to reorganize
the government, and it is not something
that originated in a helicopter flight.
When Richard Nixon was. a lieutenant,
junior grade, Washington was a very differ-
ent Capital. The President then had nine
cabinet departments. He now has 12. The
then 27 independent. federal agencies are
now 41. A $42 billion federal budget has now
grown to $220 billions Then there were
140 domestic programs, now 1,400. And add
some 600,000 federal employees.
So this President wants to streamline the
government, cut down the number of fed-
eral departments, and reduce the number
of federal employees--so that It and they do
a better job for you. Now, this is not a new
idea. It has?in various forms been rec-
ommended by Presidential commissions
throughout this. century.
Nor is it a new problem facing this Pres-
ident. When Arthur 'Crock of the New York
Times interviewed President Calvin Coolidge,
he asked, "Mr. President, how many people
work for you in the White House?" Mr.
Coolidge replied: "About half of them." The
difference is, we persist.
DON'T TIE THE CHIEF'S HAND/
Mr. OTT. Mr. President, the July/2
edition
\ACien
of the Washington Star carried
an exce t column by David Lavience.
It is ent ed, "Don't Tie the/Chiefs
Hands." Ei'esident, a revi,* of this
column 1eadne to make bht one com-
ment: "These re words to/the wise." I
trust we are wi men. I aik unanimous
consent that this'\colur5rl be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no o ection, the article
was ordered to be p d in the RECORD,
as follows: i \
DON'T TIE tHE CHAT'S HANDS
,
(By Pavid LawreAse)
itel\
l
A President:i conduct of fo ign policy is
under greater strain than it h ever been
before. Menribers of Congress are t uestioning
the right/of an administration to carry on
importasit negotiations without pu lielzing
them./
But to demand that Congress be kett in-
forred in advance or that even congress' nal
committees be advised of diplomatic
Xacts which are within executive jurisdi
/ tion could mean a leakage to the press an
an impairment of international progress Ex-
perience shows that some of the confiden-
tial material filed within committees of Con-
gress is given to the news media here. It is
then exploited by the press abroad.
The government knows full well, for in-
stance, that "foreign aid" A a vital factor in
winning the alliance of the smaller nstions
which may hitherto have been depending on
either Red China or the Soviet Union for
help. If a law is adopted by Congress te-
quiring a President to publicize beforehand
Ms intention to give assistance to certain
countries, would this be a step that could
help or hurt the chances of America gaining
allies?
Present statutes permit a President to
make financial aid commitments to a for-
eign country without revealing it to the Con-
gress or to the people until :10 days after the
action has been taken. It now is being pro-
posed that a Chief Executive notify Congress
30 days before he shifts foreign-aid money
from one country to another.
Many of these matters are subjects of sec-
ret diplomacy. They can be handled best by
allowing a President to render financial aid
without making his plans public until after
the project is well under way. There are
plenty of trouble spots in the world caused
by economic weakness. This is one or the
reasons why the United States is wining to
extend financial assistance where it is needed.
American efforts to avoid involvement in
military operations are known everywhere.
The help we have provided to Mideast coun-
tries, Tor example, has been designed to re-
move any idea that -the United States is hos-
tile to the nations in the area.
The Mideast situasion is one of the biggest
worries at the moment for the President and
his secretary of state. 'Fortunately, the Egyp-
tian government appears to be in a negotiat-
ing mood. Also, the Israelis are aware of the
primary objective in the plans being pro-
posed by the United States for that region?
how to reopen the Suez Canal and assure the
leaders at Tel Aviv that a complete or par-
tial withdrawal from territory occupied since
1967 will not have to be made without re-
ciprocal benefits."
Meanwhile, Arrnerican military units are
needed to support possible action under the
North Atl tic Treaty and a sizable fleet in
the Med rranean is to be maintained. This
necessi tes some bases and friendly rela-
tions ith countries on the Mediterranean
an rose bordering on South Pacific waters.
ne has to study the potential military
rategy of the United States in order to un-
derstand the reason why certain countries
are on the list of financial aid from America.
It would cause many problems if Congress
had to grant its consent and publicity was
given to the intended plan before the State
Department could provide economic aid ur-
gently required by a country which would
prefer that the event be kept secret for
awhile.
What is at stake in all the efforts to inter-
fere with the operations of the executive
branch in its handling of foreign affairs is
the possibility that the United States would
be unable to act promptly in dealing with
governments in different parts of the world,
and that the Communists would take ad-
vantage of this handicap.
There has been a Lot of talk on Capitol
Hill about attempts to block the making of
"commitments." What this really means is
that the State Department would not be able
to record any promises in its negotiations
with other nations or give indications to any
country of the advantages which might fol-
low support for the American position in
controversies that may arise.
A commitment of unusual expense is, of
course, reported to Congress when the money
is sought through the appropriations com-
mittees. But the scheme to make the execu-
ive branch disclose all its financial-aid
ans before such arrangements are made
h other countries would deprive the State
De rtment of one of its most important
powe ? of negotiation in the handling of
foreig policy.
CLARE MITCHELL, JR., BLACK
AMERI 'S LO:BBYIST IN WASH-
INGTON
Mr. SCO Mr.. President, Clarence
Mitchell, Jr., h developed a reputation
for being a man who treats people equally
and fairly?an in*ortant quality in a
man considered by ',many to be black
America's lobbyist in Washington. As
chief legislative spokesman for the
NAACP, Mitchell has contdnually ex-
pressed his strong belief in the rule of
law affecting all people equally. He says
of himself:
I am a man who seeks just law. I am a
man who seeks the k Lrud of order that makes
freedom grow instead of stifling.
These facts and many more pointing
out the courage and insight of Clarence
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Facts Surface on the Heroin War
By Flora Lewis
AT LAST the facts of the 'heroin war in
Indochina are trickling out. Many officials,
and others, have been aware of them for a
long time. But the officials weren't very in-
terested, and secrecy about the war in Laos
and American clandestine operations made
it extra hard for others' to pinpoint the
route of heroin from the mountaintop poppy
fields of Southeast Asia to American blood-
streams.
The CIA, which has prime responsibility
for the Laotian war, long denied any knowl-
edge of the drug traffic. Now it has provided
Congress, through the Bureau of Narcotics,
with a report naming the sites of heroin re-
fineries in Burma, Thailand and Laos_ Fur-
ther, the public report says that "a senior
Laotian officer may hold an ownership in-
terest in some of these facilities." The ofii-
cer, named elsokhere, is Gen. Ouane Rathi-
kone, chief of staff of the Laotian artily,
which exists entirely on U.S. subsidy. Army
units provide a "military defense perimeter'
to guard the refineries.
The report also confirms for the first time
on the record that Laotian air force planes
and Laotian and South Vietnamese commer-
cial planes take the drugs on to markets,
both the GI market in South Vietnam and
international centers which ship to Europe
and the United States. It does not mention
Air America, the CIA-operated airline in
Laos and Vietnam. But there have long been
numerous reports that Air America's secret
flights supporting the Laotian war also
often transport opium.
Rep. Robert Steele of Connecticut, an ex-
CIA man himself, has named Maj. Gen. Ngo
Dzu who commands South Vietnam's Sec-
ond Military region as one large-scale or-
ganizer of the traffic.
6.4.9
THE opium, from which heroin is refined,
is grown chiefly by Meo tribesmen who live
in what is called the "golden triangle" area
of western Burma, northern Thailand and
Laos. The CIA organized the Meo of Laos
into the Armee Clandestine and has accepted
responsibility for large numbers of them.
Although it normally denied having any
awareness? or interest in the drug trade,
from time to time the CIA claimed progress
in persuading the Meo under its influence to
switch to food crops. Its own report now
says that "in areas (in Laos) where the
tribesmen have been encouraged to grow
corn, the poppies are planted among the
corn. When the corn is cut the poppies con-
tinue to grow until they too can be har-
vested."
I Vice Adm. William C. Mack, Deputy As-
sistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower,
has testified that the only thing that "will
save our men" from the tremendous drug
problem in Vietnam is troop withdrawal.
But the supply routes are organized now.
The high-ranking officials, and by no means
all the highest have as yet.been named, still
have U.S. support and every prospect that
support will continue after most troops have
gone. So the heroin can be expected to fol-
low the GIs home, a continuing souvenir of
tbe war.
c+4)
TWO developments have begun to bring
into the open the relation of heroin and
the war. One is the huge increase in GI use
in the past two years, while the military
were assiduously fighting marijuana and vir-
tually ignoring the, opium-heroin trade. The
other is mounting public revulsion as each
piece of news appears here.
But the situation isn't very new. Capt.
Robert Marasco, the former Green Beret
who was accused of killing a double agent,
tells of camping on the Cambodian border
in the Parrot's Beak sector in 1969. "There
was a big market field there; people went
back and forth as though there were no bor-
der. The price of heroin was astonishing for
$25 you could get what sells for $500,000 in
the United States," he told me. "It was being
bought by South Vietnamese soldiers, ob-
viously flunkies for the higher-ups."
On another occasion, he trailed 30 pounds
of pure opium brought down the Ho Chi
Minh Trail by Pathet Lao Communists along
wiht medical supplies and found they were
sold to South Vietnamese military and sent
on to Saigon. "I didn't pay much attention,"
Marasco says; "that wasn't our concern."
Ills time, late but not too late, for Ameri-
can intelligence which does know quite a lot
about the drug traffic to make it their con-
cern. It is time to stop defoliating Vietnam-
ese fields and start defoliating poppy fields.
It is time to stop subsidizing high Asian offi-
cials who use American support to deal in
drugs with impunity.
John Ingersoll, director of the Bureau of
Narcotics, has written Congress that "It is
probable that opium production in South.
east Asia will be brought under effective
control only With further political develop-
ment in these countries."
if that means that the United States can't
successfully fight heroin and Vietnamese
Communists at the same time because too
many allies are on the side of heroin, it
shouldn't be hard to choose the worst
enemy. There can be no national defense
even on this continent if the invasion 01'
drugs is not stopped.
? 1971 by Newsday.
Distributed by Los Angeles Times Syndicate
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Two army majors are standing at a ferry
landing on the east bank of the Ganges River.
One ts a frogman, the other one served in the
camel corps. Both seem to be civilized and
charming men. They explain that they are
fighting a patriotic war to defend the integ-
rity of their country against Indian agents,
miscreants and misguided indlviduals. "We
saw atrocities that made our blood boil. Had
you seen them, even you would have wanted
to kill," he says of a town where some Biharis
were butchered by Bengalis. (The town was
later leveled by the army and a far greater
number of Bengalis were killed.)
FOOD FOR THE CROCODILES
The majors are asked why so many Ben-
galis have fled, particularly Hindus. The
answer is imaginative. They say that in April,
before the army restored order, Hindus told
Moslems that the "holy Koran is just an
old book. So the Moslems came out of their
homes to defend the hely Koran and many
Hindus fled." There has been much killing,
the camel-corps major grants. "The crocodiles
have gotten fat," says the frogman, glancing
out at the Ganges.
But all is returning to normal, they say,
and the Bengali people aren't afraid of the
army. A ferry is landing, and a group of
Bengali laborers, recruited by the army to
reopen a jute mill, edges past the majors in
single file. Each of them bows his head in a
subservient salute as he passes the officers.
Not all army officers are as sympathetic as
these majors. Western residents of one town
tell of an army captain approaching a young
Hindu girl and telling her to feel the barrel
of his gun. "You feel it is still warm," he
said. "From killing Hindus," he added,
laughing?but not joking.
An old Bihari who served as a bearer in
the British Indian army many years ago is
now a waiter at a roadside hostel on the
outskirts of a town more than half destroyed
He supports the army and thus isn't afraid
to talk. He explains that for several April
days, after the Awami League people fled but
before the army arrived, things were bad for
the Biharis. Mobs of Bengalis ran through
the streets shouting (and he lapses into
his old Indian-army English), "Kill the
Bihari buggers, burn the Bihari buggers."
Some Biharis were killed, he says, but most
weren't. Then the army arrived. "The army
kill many Bengali buggers," he says. "And
the Hindu buggers, they run away to India.
It is very bad days, Sahib."
A Hindu, one of the richest and most re-
spected men in his community before the
fighting, was a philanthropist who had built
schools, hospitals and irrigation systems for
the predominantly Moslem peasants in his
area. He considered himself fully Pakistani.
Although a Bengali, he hadn't backed the
Awami League but rather had supported the
more conservative and even anti-Hindu Mos-
lem League.
THE HUNTER BECOMES THE HUNTED
For nearly a month after the civil war
began but before the army arrived in his
area (and thus during the period Biharis
were in danger from Bengalis), the Hindu
sheltered two Biharis in his home. When
mobs came looking for him, he protected
them. But, with the arrival of the army, roils
reversed, and Bengalis?particularly Hindu
Bengalis?became the hunted.
Hindu villages were burned by the army,
and mobs were encouraged to plunder Hindu
homes. Under army orders the local Hindu
temple was smashed to the ground by men
wielding sledgehammers.
The Hindu and his family fled to the vil-
lage hut of a friend, where they have been
hiding for more than two Months. His first
daylight emergence from this hiding place
was for a rendezvous with two reporters. He
walked across the rice paddles in the late
afternoon, dressed as a peasant and shield-
ing his face with a black umbrella.
He hadn't fled to India like so many other
Hindus because he hoped the army would
move on and life might somehow return to
what it had been before. But the army re-
mains. Hindus are still being searched out
and shot, and now it is too risky to try to
reach the border from this area.
Only a few close friends know his hiding
place. One of them is a Moslem League offi-
cial, an influential man these days since
many Moslem Leaguers are supporting the
army. "He knows where I ani hiding, but
he dare not help me," the Hindu says. He
believes that nearly all Moslem Bengalis sym-
pathize with the Hindus. "But what can they
do? They, too, are in danger and they are
afraid."
All the Hindu's property is on an army list
of "alien properties." In other areas it is
called "enemy properties." but in either case
it is scheduled to be confiscated and put up
for auction. The Hindu talks much about los-
ing his property?but the greater danger is
losing his life.
"My Moslem friends tell me that Hincla
bodies taken from the river are so disfigured
from tortures that the faces cannot be
identified," the Hindu says before picking up
his umbrella and heading back across the
fields to his hiding place.
A HEADMASTER RECITES HIS LESSON
The travelers visit a town near the Indian
border. One of the last towns to be retaken
by the army, it is heavily damaged and is still
largely deserted. Here the local peace com-
mittee?a unit composed of some Biharis and
conservative Bengali Moslem Leaguers who
serve as the local eves and ears of the army?
assigns two youths to guide and shadow the
visitors. "Come to the school and talk to the
headmaster," they say.
The headmaster, a middle-aged Bengali,
sits behind his desk. The reporters sit facing
him. And standing behind the reporters, also
facing the headmaster, are the young peace-
committee shadows. In a faltering voice the
headmaster begins to recite statistics of
school enrollment, dates when schoolhouse
cornerstones were laid?anything uncontro-
versial. At the end of each sentence he
glances up, past the reporters, to the shadows
like a schoolboy reciting his lessons to a
teacher with a stick.
How was the school damaged? the reporters
ask. "There was some strafing," he mum-
bles. Then, looking up at the teen-age sha-
dows, he hurriedly adds. "and maybe it was
damaged by miscreants."
As the reporters and their shadows leave,
the professor mumbles, "We are trying to
hold together," and then he stares down at
the ground.
TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE MORN-
ING BUSINESS
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under
the order previously entered, there will
be a period for the transaction of rou-
tine morning business for not to exceed
30 minutes, with a limitation therein of
3 minutes for each Senator.
GI'S AND HEROIN
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, the
Washington Post this morning under the
title "GI's and Heroin: the Facts of Life,"
contains a most interesting and chilling
commentary by Flora Lewis, who has
been doing outstanding reporting on the
growth of the hard drug menace, espe-
cially as it affects our situation in South-
east Asia and at home.
After reading certain excerpts from
the commentary, I will ask to have it
printed in the RECORD.
The article states:
Now, according to Parker, p., actically all
the heroin refineries have tee". resituated
along the Mekong River, in Hulas, Thailand
and Laos, and "almost au ha e aeen identi-
fied."
If so, why hasn't the Unite l fates, which
completely subsidizes and vita laity runs Laos
and has poured billions into 'I ienland, whose
"volunteer soldiers" it emplcas in Vietnam
and Laos, made sure the h a+ in factories
were destroyed?
Further on, it is stated:
It is at once a simple and eacruciatingly
tough answer. As he finally pined out, it is
a matter of political decision n Washington.
There is a choice to make. It w,,uld be easy
to blow up the refineries, tie ol Late most of
the poppy fields, push the gavt rnments in-
volved into cracking down OIL their own
high-level military and civjian profiteers
and blocking the supply of 11,ft-in to GIs in
Vietnam and, increasingly, a the United
States.
But it would be a severe elate rrassment to
allies in Southeast Asia. It a auld hinder
the prosecution of the war in aalochina, per-
haps so seriously that bac U.S. policy
would have to be changed.
There have been some chateaes in the past
year, but they have followai A pattern of
seeking compromise with th.? arug-produc-
ing countries, not confrontat _oil.
IThe CIA has changed its rile : in an effort
to store use of Its priv. ie airline, Air
America, for the transport of d ugs in Laos.
The U.S. Embassy in Laos Lea pressed the
government there to put through a strict
law on drugs which may ,:e passed this
month. There was none berm'.
The U.S. Embassy in Saigo 1 eot the Viet-
namese government to remfa e some of the
corrupt customs officials, ant a rnilar efforts
are being made in Thailand. With Congress
vociferously taking up the hue, the White
House is cracking the whip on all the as-
sorted American officials win thought drug
traffic was not their concert, eho thought
their job was only fighting th war, gathering
intelligence, maintaining forte ga relations.
Again quoting, the artici
Now the Turks have prorai
opium production after the I
means that in three or f
source of supply will dry up
vinced now that the Turks c
force the ban. But ask him la
ence it will make in the an
supplied to Americans.
"If nothing else is done,"
"no difference." And the "E
tates:
el to wipe out
rle crop, which
au years that
Parker is con-
Ln and will en-
ay much differ-
aunt of heroin
he says flatly,
aaething else"
can only be done in Washita ha, a decision
to be just as tough in South ai t Asia as the
Nixon administration was in T irkey.
Meanwhile, the inch-high ? ials of 96 to 98
per cent pure heroin distrfau ed in South
Vietnam have begun to tire up in the
United States. The bureau feeesees an al-
most uncontrollable flood s veterans re-
turn, find themselves without lobs and rea-
lize how much money can be node by having
buddies or friends send thei eupplies from
the Far East.
Addicts can be treated, .u_ there isn't
much likelihood that ther von't be far
more new ones than cures a< a day unless
the flow of heroin is cut at tee source. At
the Bureau of Narcotics, e prrts are con-
vinced that is possible. excel I aerhaps for a
minimal trickle, but there s no sign it is
going to happen. The hard p-a-tical decision
hasn't been taken.
Mr. President, I ask tu Apimous con-
sent that the entire arti,it be printed
in the RECORD.
There being no objecti-n the article
was ordered to be printed n the RECORD,
as follows:
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A vehicle with UNICEF marking on its
doors but with armed West Pakistani soldiers
Inside cruises by. Otherwise, the street is all
but deserted.
The doctor sits in his office only because he
has been ordered to. His family is hiding in
a village somewhere outside of town. He
speaks in a whisper because any passerby
could be an info er. At night, when the
army goes knockin on doors, he lives with
the fear that his nam may be on one of its
lists.
He whispers of recent a -nts in this town:
the streets littered with bl ted and decom-
posing bodies; the burning, 1 ing and rap-
ing; and the continuing te ?r." We are
afraid to speak the truth. Thos who speak
the truth are punished, and the ?nly pun-
ishment is death," he says.
The doctor is an army veteran, which
makes him a special target for his rmer
colleagues. But his real crime is bei a
Bengali in a land of Bengalis that also h
pens to be part of the map of Pakistan.
is now a land of death and of fear.
CAUSES WASHED AWAY BY BLOOD
It is less than four months since the civil
fighting in East Pakistan began, but already
the causes c(f the conflict seem almost aca-
demic. Its geographical and historical roots,
the legalities and moralities?all seem to
have been washed away by blood. No one
really knows how many people have been
killed in East Pakistan since March 25, but
Western diplomats say the minimum is 200,-
000. The maximum exceeds one million.
The events fall into three stages.
The first was a Bengali political move-
ment aimed at ending two decades of eco-
nomic and political exploitation by the West
Pakistanis. It culminated, in March elec-
tions, in national political victory for the
Bengali Awami League and its platform of
greater East Pakistan autonomy. But on
March 25 the Pakistan army (an almost en-
tirely West Pakistani institution), fearing
that East Pakistan was moving toward inde-
pendence, cracked down in Dacca, the East
Pakistan capital. Bengali students were mas-
sacred, politicians were arrested and the
Awami League was outlawed.
The second stage was a fairy-tale few
weeks in which the Bengalis proclaimed and
celebrated their independence. Some thou-
sands of East Pakistan's non-Bengali mi-
nority were killed during this period, in
which the army, perhaps overly cautious,
remained in the capital and in a number of
military camps. But the illusion of inde-
pendence ended in mid-April when the army
emerged to crush the revolution. Tens of
thousands of Bengalis were slaim as town
after town was retaken, burned and looted.
There was little military opposition. Some
six million Bengalis, most of them from the
Hindu minority group that became a special
army target, began fleeing into India.
NOW THE THIRD STAGE
The third and present stage is army oc-
cupation?a terrorized Bengali population
being ruled by military force and crude
police-state tactics. West Pakistan officials
say everything is rapidly returning to nor-
mal. But the economy is woefully disrupted,
factories are idle, schools are closed, roads
are mostly empty and towns are largely de-
serted. Millions of Bengalis, particularly
Hindus and middle-class Moslems, are still
hiding in the countryside. About 50,000
refugees are still fleeing to India each day.
And army rule is being challenged by Ben-
gali guerrilla forces (the Mukti Bahani, or
Liberation Army) that seem to have massive
support among the Bengali population. The
guerrillas are still lacking in training and
organization, but supplies and border sanc-
tuaries are being provided by India.
Ten days of traveling across East Pakistan
and talks with scores of diverse people here
indicate that the fourth stage eventually
will be an independent East Pakistan:
Bangla Desh, or Bengal Nation. But clearly
much more killing will take place before
Bangla Desh comes to pass.
No solution, including independence, holds
any bright hopes for East Pakistan's pre-
dominantly peasant society, which, in ac-
cordance with the Mohammed's Prophet
instruction to "go forth and multiply," is
propagating itself into starvation. Its 75
million people already are barely subsisting
1,600 to the square mile, and this population
will double within 25 years. A half-million
Bengalis were killed by a cyclone last fall.
A half-million more were born in 87 days.
Perhaps only in East Pakistan could a dis-
aster of the cyclone's magnitude be over-
shadowed by a greater one?this civil war---
only six months later.
PRIMITIVE CONCEPTIONS OF GUILT
Poverty, ignorance and frustration have
turned this conflict into a Congo as well as
an Algeria. Men are killing each other not
only in the name of politics but also over
ace and religion. The Moslem philosophy of
eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth is
m de more terrible by primitive conceptions
of llective guilt.
T army kills Bengalis. The non-Bengali
minor y of about two million (commonly
called iharis) back the army. So Bengalis
kill Bih s. The army and the Biharis see
this as a'pie reason to butcher more Ben-
galis. The india minority of about 10 mil-
lion becom a convenient army scapegoat
and even so Bengali Moslems can be per-
suaded to join n their slaughter. Amid this
chaos, various Hinges, gangs and individ-
uals have been a tacking each other for eco-
nomic gain or to ettle private scores.
These are the ta s of some of the people
encountered on a p through East Pakis-
tan. As with the doc r, the names of Ben-
galis and the towns i which they live are
omitted. Bengalis, in t king to a reporter,
fear for their lives. Mos don't talk at all;
in some towns not even be ass will approach
a stranger. Normally anion the world's most
voluble people, the Bengalis 10W talk mostly
with their eyes? -eyes that 1 away in fear
or that stare down in shame r that try to
express meanings in futive glan-s.
A lawyer and his sons have bee fortunate.
When one asks a Bengali how is these
days, he replies, "I am alive." The 1 wyer and
his sons not only are alive but are ving in
their own home. They are also hiding their
own home, for they leave it only rarely. "It is
too easy to be arrested on the street, the
lawyer says. "A seven-year-old can poi a
finger at me and call me a miscreant, an I
will be taken away."
Miscreant is the term the Pakistan arm
applies to all who oppose it. "All Bengalis are
miscreants now," the lawyer's younger son
says. He is a law student, but students are a
special army target, and most are in hiding.
The universities are closed. "What use would
there be learning law anyway now that there
is no law in our country?" the son asks.
It is evening, and the discussion is taking
place in the lawyer's home. Before talking,
he closes the wooden shutters on the win-
dows. Then he has second thoughts?"some-
one who passes by may report a conspiracy"?
and so the shutters are partly reopened.
They talk of "the troubles," of how, when
word of the army's March 25 attack in Dacca
reached this town, the Awarni League took
control. There was orderly rule under the
Bangla Desh flag until mid-April, when air-
force planes strafed the town. People panick-
ed. The Awami Leaguers and their military
force, the Mukti Bahani, began to flee along
with thousands of others. But it was several
days before the the army reached the town,
and during that time angry Bengali mobs
attacked and slaughtered hundreds of Bi-
haris.
Relative to its actions elsewhere, the army
when it arrived, showed restraint. Most of the
town remains undamaged, although much of
It was looted by the army and its mobs.
About half the population has returned and
many shops have reopened, though not under
former management. Hindu shopkeepers
have disappeared, and Biharis and other
army backers have taken over. And, as every-
where, the arrests continue.
Four Christian Bengalis are arrested by
the army at a roadblock. Not many buses
travel East Pakistan's roads these days, and
those that do are frequently stopped, and
their passengers are lined up and searched.
Few of the soldiers at these checkpoints
speak any Bengali (Urdu is the language of
West Pakistan), and so a common way of
finding "miscreants" is to lift men's sarongs.
Moslems "are circumcised; Hindus aren't.
Some West Pakistani soldiers came to East
Pakistan thinking aft Bengalis were Hindu.
More spohisticated soldiers simply think that
all Hindus are "miscreants," but then so are
many Bengali Moslems. So it is all very con-
fusing for the soldiers, and the four Chris-
tians are arrested.
Fox CHRISTIAN'S,. NO BEATINGS
They are taken to a military cantonment
and beaten for several, hours by interrogators
who don't speak their language. A Westerner
hears of their arrest and protests. So the
matter comes to the attention of an army
major, who summons the four Christians
and offers apologies: "It is our policy not to
beat Christians," he explains.
A shopkeeper, a thin Bengali with wire-
rimmed spectacles, glances out from his shop
at two strangers walking down the deserted
street. They enter the shop and inquire about
"the troubles" in thie town. The shopkeeper
is visibly trembling. "There is nothing I can
say," he replies. Then he glances again at the
flattened buildings lining the main street and
whispers, "Look around you." As the visitors
Leave, he adds, voice cracking, "I'm ashamed
I cannot. . . ."
Further down the street a youth ap-
proaches. "The army destroyed our city. Many
:Bengalis are being arrested. They are being
shot every night and thrown into the river.
We no longer eat the fish from the river," he
whispers.
The youth guides the strangers to the local
hospital to talk to a surgeon. The surgeon is a
Bengali but is employed by the government,
which means he is particularly vulnerable. He
Is asked about killing in the city. "Killing?
'What killing? Killing by whom?" He is asked
about general problems. ''Problems?" What
problems? There are no problems."
BELABORING TIIE OBVIOUS
The visitors take their leave. Outside the
hospital the youth whispers: "You have
talked to the doctor, but I think he has con-
sealed the truth. He is afraid." It is explain-
g the obvious.
professor and his student are talking
ab the prospects of students returning to
el s In early August, when the univesrity
is su osed to reopen. They are pessimistic.
Some udents are biding in their homes,
others ave fled to outlying villages or to
India. Some have joined the Mukti Bahani.
The cam us has been turned into a military
camp, and soaps are quartered in the dormi-
tories, usi books to fuel their cooking fires.
"Would you ome back?" the professor asks.
The studen a girl, has a room in a house
that overlooks n army interrogation center.
"All day the tudents, young boys, are
brought in and beaten," she says. "Three
soldiers walk on ern with boots. All night
we hear the scream I cannot sleep. We can-
not stand to see an hear these things."
"Our army had a go 'd reputation," the pro-
fessor says. "We had t;reat army. But look
what it has done. How gn an army be great
when it fights in an im oral cause?"
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July -?*,9, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
GIS AND HEROIN: THE FACTS op LIFE
(By Flora Lewis)
John W. Parker, director of strategic in-
telligence in the Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Drugs, knows a good deal about
Southeast Asia's contribution to the dope
problem. And while he is a soft-spoken
Southerner, sometimes so quiet one has to
strain to hear him, he is the most straight-
forward man I have yet found on the sub-
ject in the administration.
He starts with an explanation. Remember,
ihe says, that until 1970 we were concentrat-
ing on the drug problem here in the United
States. Not too much attention was paid by
the bureau to the source of supplies. And
the Army, the CIA, the State Department,
the people out tree where the heroin comes
from weren't concerned about drugs. They
were concentrating on other problems.
Further, while there has been opium in
Southeast Asia since the British introduced
it in the early 19th century. until 1970 the
heroin refineries in the area were all in
Thailand and Hong Kong, Parker says. It
didn't seem to affect the United States.
In fact, the dominant government attitude
was that this was a fact of life in Asia which
Americans shouldn't try to upset, especially
since by the beginning of the decade so
many Americans were so deeply engaged in
trying to control other facts of Southeast
Asia's life, namely the Vietnamese war and
all its offshoots.
Now, according to Parker, practically all
the heroin refineries have been resituated
along the Mekong River, in Burma, Thailand
and Laos, and "almost all have been identi-
fied."
If so, why hasn't the United States, which
completely subsidizes and virtually runs Laos
and has poured billions into Thailand, whose
"volunteer soldiers" it employs in Vietnam
and Laos, made sure the heroin factories
were destroyed?
The obvious urgent question didn't annoy
Parker. On the contrary, his stolid face slow-
ly eased into a Cheshire cat grin. At first
he didn't say anything. I suggested that the
reason wasn't hard to guess and wasn't really
secret.
"I know," he said. "I'm struggling not to
say it."
It is at once a simple and excruciating
tough answer. As he finally pointed out, it
is a matter of political decision in Wash-
ington. There is a choice to make. It would
be easy to blow up the refineries, defoliate
Most of the poppy fields, push the govern-
ments involved into cracking down on their
own high-level military and civilian profit-
eers and blocking the supply of heroin to GIs
in Vietnam and, increasingly, to the United
States.
But it would be a severe embarrassment
to allies in Southeast Asia. It would hinder
the prosecution of the war in Indochina, per-
haps so seriously that basic U.S. policy would
have to be changed.
There have been some changes in the
past year, but they have followed a pattern
of seeking compromise with the drug-pro-
ducing countries, not confrontation.
IThe CIA has changed its rules in an effort
to stoje use of its private airline, Air
America, for the transport of drugs in Laos.
Although only two months ago CIA Director
Richard Helms adamantly denierthere had
ever been any agency involvement in the
traffic, he is now said to have told a se-
cret congressional hearing that there was
involvement but it has been stopped in the
past year.
The U.S. Embassy in Laos has pressed the
government there to put through a strict law
on drugs which may be passed this month.
There was none before.
The U.S. Embassy in Saigon got the Viet-
namese government to remove some of the
corrupt customs officials, and similar efforts
are being made in Thailand. With Congress
Ivociferously taking up the issue, the White
House is cracking the whip on all the as-
sorted American officials who thought drug
traffic was not their concern, who thought
their job was only fighting the war, gather-
ing intelligence, maintaining foreign rela-
tions.
The question is whether these relatively
gentle pressures will convince governments
largely dependent on the United States that
they must fight heroin. Years of argument
got nowhere in Turkey, but a threat to cut
off foreign aid filially did.
Now the Turks have promised to wipe out
opium production after the 1972 crop, which
means that in three or four years that source
of supply will dry up. Parker is convinced
now that the Turks can and will enforce the
ban. But ask him how much difference it
will make in the amount of heroin supplied
to Americans.
"If nothing else is done," he says flatly,
"no difference." And the "something else"
can only be done in Washington, a decision
to be just as tough in Southeast Asia as the
Nixon administration was in Turkey.
Meanwhile, the inch-high vials of 96 to 98
per cent pure heroin distributed in South
Vietnam have begun to turn up in the
United States. The bureau foresees an al-
most uncontrollable flood as veterans re-
turn, find themselves without jobs and real-
ize how much money cum be made by having
buddies or friends send them supplies from
the Far East,
Addicts can be treated, but there isn't
much likelihood that there won't be far
more new ones than cures each day unless
the flow of heroin is cut at the source. At
the Bureau of Narcotics, experts are con-
vinced that is possible, except perhaps for a
minimal trickle, but there is no sign it is
going to happen. The hard political decision
hasn't been taken.
EMERGENCY LOAN GUARANTEES?
ORDER FOR 1 HOUR OF DEBATE
UNDER RULE XXII TO BEGIN AT
2 P.M. ON MONDAY, JULY 26, 1971
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres-
ident, the Daily Digest of the RECORD on
Page D743 states that the 1 hour of con-
trolled debate on Monday prior to vote
on the cloture motion in connection with
5, 2308, emergency loan guarantees, will
begin at 1 p.m. This is not in accord with
the previous order as finally modified.
On page S11887 of the RECORD of yes-
terday it was originally agreed that th's
1 hour of debate would begin at 1 p.m.
But on the following page, 511888, that
order was modified, so that the 1 hour
under rule XXII, with respect to the
cloture motion?which is expected to be
filed today?will begin at 2 p.m. on Mon-
day instead of 1 p.m. on Monday.
I state this so that Senators, their
staff members, and the staff in the cloak-
room may know that the Daily Digest is
in error and that the 1 hour of debate
under rule XXII will begin at 2 p.m. on
Monday.
The mandatory quorum call will begin
at 3 p.m. on Monday, and immediately
after obtaining a quorum, the Senate
will proceed to a yea-and-nay vote.
ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT FROM
SATURDAY UNTIL NOON ON MON-
DAY, JULY 26, 1971
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres-
ident, I ask unanimous consent that at
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the completion of its busines tomorrow
the Senate stand in adjournlo .nt until
12 o'clock noon on Monday
The PRESIDENT pro tem lo e. With-
out objection, it is so orderef
?
ORDER FOR ADJOURNMI ;Nl C FROM
MONDAY TO 10 A.M. ON TUESDAY,
JULY 27, 1971
Mr. BYRD of West Virgini Mr. Pres-
ident, I ask unanimous c .ent that
when the Senate completes it business
on Monday next, it stand in adjournment
until 10 a.m. on Tuesday ne
The PRESIDENT pro empore. Is
there objection? The Chair ',tears no ob-
jection, and it is so ordered.
ORDER FOR RECOGNITI( ,N OF SEN-
ATOR HARTKE ON MOM)! Y NEXT
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi-
dent, I ask unanimous con mrt that on
Monday next, immediately ! 'Towing the
recognition of the two leadf s under the
standing order, the distimaished Sen-
ator from Indiana (Mr. HAIrrk E) be rec-
ognized for not to exceed 15 ca nutes.
The PRESIDENT pro ter )pore. With-
out objection, it is so order( ti.
Mr. BYRD of West Virgin .1. Mr. Presi-
dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDENT pro tturpore. The
clerk will call the roll.
The assistant legislative ole k proceed-
ed to call the roll.
Mr. BYRD of West Virgb . Mr. Pres-
ident, I ask unanimous consent that the
order for the quorum call hi- rescinded.
The PRESIDENT pro te ny 'ore. With-
out objection, it is so ordel
ORDER FOR PERIOD 1,011. TRANS-
ACTION OF ROUTIN) . MORNING
BUSINESS ON MONDA NEXT
Mr. BYRD of West Virgi dt. Mr. Pres-
ident, I ask unanimous cc s nt that on
Monday next, immediately following the
conclusion of the remark .437 the able
Senator from Indiana ( tf, HARTKE),
there be a period for the 0,nrsaction of
routine morning busines. with state-
ments therein limited to minutes, the
period not to exceed 30 minutes.
The PRESIDENT pro t: -.-r pore. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
ORDER TO CONSIDEF 4. 2308 AT
CLOSE OF ROUTLN , MORNING
BUSINESS ON MOND.i.Y NEXT
Mr. BYRD of West VIrginia. Mr.
President, I ask unanimor ?'?onsent that
on Monday next, at the clo e of routine
morning business, the GTha,r lay before
the Senate the pending br 31aess, S. 2308,
a bill to authorize emerge v loan guar-
antees to major business enterprises.
The PRESIDENT pro IP!, ipore. With-
out objection, it is so ordf --c d.
Mr. BYRD of West Vit r ra. Mr. Pres-
ident, I suggest the absen, e of a quorum.
The PRESIDENT pro t mipore. The
clerk will call the roll.
The second assistant if,gislative clerk
proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. TOWER. Mr. Plesdent, I ask
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S 11918
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CONGRESSIONAI, RECORD -- SENATE July 23, 1971
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there
further morning business? If not, the
Senator from Connecticut (Mr. WEICK-
ER) is recognized for 3 minutes.
Mr. WEICKER. Mr. President, I have
nothing in the way of morning business.
COMMUNICATIONS FROM EXECU-
TIVE DEPARTMENTS, ETC.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be-
fore the Senate the following letters,
which were referred as indicated:
PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO 1972 BUDGET FOR
COMMISSION ON HIGHWAY BEAUTIFICATION
(S. Doc. No. 92-33)
A communication from the President of
the United States transmitting an amend-
ment to the budget for the fiscal year 1972
for the Commission on Highway Beautifica-
tion (with accompanying papers); to the
Committee on Appropriations.
PROPOSED LEGISLATION REGARDING ACQUISITION
OF LANDS
A letter from the Secretary of the Interior
submitting proposed legislation to amend
the Act of September 28, 1962, as amended,
to release certain restrictions on acquisition
of lands for recreational development at fish
and wildlife areas administered by the Sec-
retary of the Interior (with accompanying
papers); to the Committee on Commerce.
REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
A letter from tree Secretary of Labor trans-
mitting, pursuant to law, a report on the
Work Incentive program (with accompany-
ing report); to the Committee on Finance.
PETITIONS
Petitions were laid before the Senate
and referred as indicated:
By the PRESIDENT pro tempore:
A joint resolution of the Legislature of the
State of Wisconsin; to the Committee on
Interior and Insular Affairs:
"SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 77
"Memorializing Congress to enact legislation
for the benefit of the Menominee Indian
Tribe of Wisconsin
"Whereas, the Menominee Indian Tribe of
Wisconsin, since termination from federal
supervision in 1961, has diligently and faith-
fully made sincere efforts to carry out the
mandate of the United States Congress to
assume and absorb the responsibility for the
control of tribal properties and service func-
tions; and
"Whereas, the Menominee Indian Tribe, in
compliance with the Menominee Termina-
tion Act and Wisconsin law, formed Menom-
inee Enterprises, Inc., for the control and
management of tribal assets and secured the
necessary legislation from the Wisconsin leg-
islature for the creation of Menominee coun-
ty to establish an orderly system of local
government; and
"Whereas, the rising costs of local gov-
ernment and the impending cutoff of fed-
eral aids will result in the diminution of
assets and employment opportunities for
the Menominee people and will pose an eco-
nomic strain on Menominee Enterprises, Inc.,
which bears the major tax burden in Menom-
inee County; and
"Whereas, termination has been shown to
lead to social demoralization and economic
distress among the American Indian tribes as
well as the Menominee people; and
"Whereas, President Nixon has stated the
policy of the executive branch, as expressed
on July 8, 1970, that termination is morally
and legally unacceptable and discourages
self-sufficiency among Indian groups and
that any Indian group which decides to as-
sume the control and responsibility for gov-
ernment service programs may still receive
adequate federal financial. support; now,
therefore, be it
"Resolved by the senate, the assembly
concurring, That the legislature urges the
congress of the United States to enact leg-
islation and, repeal or amend such parts of
the Menominee Termination Act (P.L. 83-
399) as are necessary to accomplish the fol-
lowing goals for the benefit of the Menem-
Mee people:
-1. Reestablishment of service functions
of the department of health, education and
welfare to the Menominee people as a part
of the regular responsibilities and service
functions of the federal government the
same as enjoyed by other Indian tribes,
"2.. Repeal of any provisions of the Men-
ominee Termination Act which exclude the
Menominee people or tribe from health, edu-
cation and welfare benefits under regular
government appropriations and further re-
peal of any provisions of said act which are
designed to abolish Menominee Indian tribal
identity or which are in conflict with leg-
islation proposed herein; and, be it further
"Resolved, That duly attested copies of
this resolution be immediately transmitted
to the President of the United States, to each
member of the congressional delegation from
Wisconsin, to the chairmen of the House and
Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Commit-
tee,4, to the Secretary of the Interior, the
Secretary of the Senate of the United States
and the Chief Clerk of the House of Repre-
sentatives of the United States."
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
The following reports of committees
were submitted:
By Mr. BYRD of West Virginia, from the
Committee on the Judiciary, without amend-
ment:
S. 65. A bill for the relief of Dennis Yian-
tos (Rept. No. 92-298);
S. Res. 46. A resolution to refer the bill
(S. 634) entitled "A bill for the relief of
Michael D. Manemann" to the Chief Commis-
sioner of the Court of Claims; for a report
thereon (Rept. No. 92-299); and
S. 1939. A bill for the relief of the South-
west Metropolitan Water and Sanitation
District, Colorado (Rept. No. 92-300).
By Mr. ALLEN, from the Committee on
Agriculture and Forestry, with an amend-
ment:
S. 1139. A bill to amend the Federal Crop
Insurance Act, as amended, so as to permit
certain persons under 21 years of age to ob-
tain insurance coverage under such act
(Rep t. No. 92-296 ) .
By Mr. CtTR,TIS, from the Committee on
Agriculture and Forestry, with amendments:
S. 1316. A bill to amend section 301 of the
Federal Meat Inspection Act, as amended,
so as to increase from 50 to 80 per centum
the amount that may be paid as the Federal
Government's share of the coats of any co-
operative meat inspection program carried
out by any State under such section (Rept.
No. 92-297). -
By Mr, CRANSTON, from the Committee
on Veterans' Affairs, without amendment;
S. 2288. A bill to amend section 5055 of
title 38, United States Code, in order to ea-
ten& the authority of the Administrator of
Veterans' Affairs to establish and carry out
a program of exchange of medical informa-
tion (Rept. No. 92-301).
EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF
COMMiTTEES
As in executive session,
The following favorable reports of
nominations were submitted:
By Mr. BYRD of West Virginia (for Mr,
RANDOLPH) , from the Committee on Public
Works:
Maj. Gen. Charles Carmin Noble, Army of
the United States (brigadier general, U.S.
Army), for appointment as a member and
president of the Mississippi River Commis-
sion.
INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND
JOINT RESOLUTIONS
The fallowing bills and joint resolu-
tions were introduced, read the first time
and, by unanimous conset, the second
time, and referred as indicated:
By Mr. YOUNG (for Mr, MuNnr) :
S. 2l36. .A bill for the relief of Col, Clayton
H. Schmidt, U.S. Air Force. Referred to the
Committee on the Judiciary.
By Mr. STEVENSON:
S. 2337. A bill to incorporate Recovery, Inc.
Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
By Mr. ANDERSON:
S. 2338. A bill relating to lands in the Mid-
dle Rio Grande Conservancy District, N. Mex,
Referred to the Committee on Interior and
Insular Affairs.
By Mr. ANDERSON (for himself and
Mr. MONTOYA) :
S. 2339. A bill to provide for the disposition
of judgment funds on deposit to the credit
of the Pueblo of Laguna in Indian Claims
Commission Docket No. 227, and for other
purposes. Referred to the Committee on In-
terior and Insular Affairs.
By Mr. CRANSTON (for himself and
Mr. MONTOYA) :
S. 2340. A bill to amend title 38, United
States Code, to create a rebuttable presump-
tion that a disability of a veteran of any
war or certain other military service is serv-
ice-connected under certain circumstances.
Referred to the Committee on Veterans' Af-
fairs.
STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED
BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS
By Mr. ANDERSON:
S. 2338. A bill relating to lands in the
Middle Rio Grande Conservancy Dis-
trict, N. Mex. Referred to the Committee
on Interior and Insular Affairs,
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, I am
today introducing legislation of a tech-
nical nature in order to resolve a long-
standing land ownership matter along
the Rio Grande in central New Mexico.
Briefly, the legislation would allow the
Department of the Interior to sell to the
Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District,
a political subdivision of the State of
New Mexico, a number of small, scat-
tered land tracts within the' district.
After this transaction, _conducted as a
matter of convenience, the conservancy
district in turn would sell the individual
tracts for a nominal amount to the par-
ticular landowners involved.
Since the formation of the Middle Rio
Grande Conservancy District in 1927, it
was believed by all parties that the small
plots of land were part of larger, pri-
vately owned tracts. The landowners
paid property taxes to the State of New
Mexico, and fees based on the acreage
to the conservancy district. In some eases,
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