JOURNAL - OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP72-00337R000500010012-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 22, 2006
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: January 26, 1970
• Content Type: NOTES

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IN IL(. i`i'AL USE ONLY
Journal - Office of Legislative Counsel Page 3
Monday - 26 January 1970
6. (Internal Use Only - JGO) Received a call from Mr. Scott Cohen,
Assistant to Senator Charles Percy (R. , Ill.), who requested unclassified
STA
After checking with the Office of DDI, I told Mr. Cohen we
would get thel to him late in the week. STAT
7. (Unclassified - LLM) Joan Fitting, in the office of Representative
Paul N. McCloskey (R. , Calif.), called for a constituent interested in some
information on the Agency. Told her we would send her a pamphlet on the
Agency for the constituent.
8. (Internal Use Only - LLM) Called Robert Hull, Department of
State, to learn their views on S. 939 (U.S. Foreign Service Corps) which
is scheduled for hearings before the Subcommittee on Education on STAT
29 and 30 January. See Memo for the Record.
JOHN M. MAURY
~-JLegislative Counsel
cc:
ER
O /DD CI
Mr. Houston
Mr. Goodwin
DDI
DDS
DDS & T
EA/DDP
OPPB
fl/CDF Pages 3-1
INTERNAL USE Ot LY
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February 7, 1969
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 1401..
ment of Commerce and the Atomic Energy
Commission.
"Twenty-five officials in the Latin Ameri-
can Bureau of the Agency for International
Development and of the Department of State
participated in a five-day Executive Seminar
in Cuernavaca, Mexico, which was devoted
to study and discussion of issues and prob-
lems relating to political and economic devel-
opment.
"A three-day seminar an public policy
issues was held for 20 science attaches on
overseas assignment for the State Depart-
ment, to discuss broad questions of economic
and social policy.
"Conferences for officials of foreign
governments
"A series of three seminars was held for
64 science attaches on the Washington em-
bassy staffs of foreign governments. The
meetings were sponsored jointly with the
American Association for the Advancement
of Sciences, and focused on recent scientific
developments with public policy implications.
"Several foreign government officials also
participated in two of the conferences held
in Williamsburg for federal executives.
"Federal executive fellowships
"Nine Federal Executive Fellowships were
awarded to senior federal officials. The fel-
lowships enabled them to come to Brookings
on leave from their federal assignments for
six months to a year, for research on prob-
lems in their areas of responsibility.
"Programs for Leaders in Private Life
"Conferences for business executives
"Ten one-week conferences on federal gov-
ernment operations were held in Washing-
ton for 287 executives from nearly 100 major
American corporations. Participants visited
government agencies and met informally
with officials, and took part in seminars at
Brookings to discuss specific issues with
scholars, members of Congress and leaders in
the Executive branch.
"Three three-day refresher seminars on
public policy issues were held for 67 past
participants in the business conferences and
Public Affairs Fellowship Program. Two
similar conferences were held for some 55
participants in the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology Program for Senior Executives.
"Conferences for physicians
"With the support of the Commonwealth
Fund, a new series of conferences is being
planned for selected leaders of the medical
profession. The conferences will be held in
different regions of the country, and will be
designed to help deepen the insights of medi-
cal practitioners into key economic, social,
and other factors involved in the provision of
health care, and to enhance their ability to
improve understanding within the profession
of the interactions between medicine and so-
ciety. An advisory committee of leading doc-
tors, medical educators, and administrators
has been named to consult on the develop-
ment of the series.
"Public affairs fellowships
"Public Affairs Fellowships were awarded
to 14 business executives who took part in a
21-week program combining working experi-
ence in executive departments and agencies
at the policy-making level with an intensive
educational program at Brookings and three
weeks in congressional offices.
"White House fellowships
"Under a grant from the Carnegie Corpora-
tion, a three-week educational program was
conducted for the 15 White House Fellows.
The program provided an orientation to gov-
ernment operations and problems.
"Conferences for union officials
"Fourteen union vice-presidents and re-
gional directors participated in a four-day
conference on public policy issues at Wil-
liamsburg. The programs for officers of na-
tional and international unions are con-
ducted with the guidance of an Advisory
Committee of national leaders in the labor
movement.
"Policy Conferences
"Urban policy conferences
"Urban Policy Conferences are conducted
in selected metropolitan regions to bring
local elective and appointive officials and civic
leaders together with social scientists, in an
effort to make social science research more
effective in the solution of urban problems.
The conferences usually consist of twelve
one- day seminars held at intervals over a
nine-month period.
"Four hundred and five local and state
officials and civic leaders were involved in
conferences held during the year. They in-
cluded a series in Wichita, Kansas; Fort
Worth, Texas; Little Rock, Ark.; Charlotte,
N.C.; and Memphis, Tenn. The programs were
conducted in cooperation with Wichita State
University, Texas Christian University, the
University of Arkansas, the University of
North Carolina, and Southwestern College.
In addition, special conferences were held
for regional leaders in Memphis on the Uses
of Urban Information Systems, the Impact of
Urbanization on the Structure of Law,
Metropolitan Fiscal Policy, and Utilization of
Urban Technology.
"In cooperation with the International City
Managers Association, regional urban policy
conferences were held for city managers in
Athens, Ga., and Orono, Maine.
"Science seminars for congressmen and
congressional aides
"Five programs were held in this series,
which is sponsored jointly with the American
Association for the Advancement of Science
and the Governmental Studies Program of
the Brookings Institution. Participants in
the series heard leading scientists discuss
technological developments with important
implications for public policy. (Two pro-
grams for congressional aides were conducted
in prior fiscal years.)
"Labor-management conference
"A special two-day conference was held for
labor union officials and members of the
International City Managers Association to
discuss relations between union and man-
agement in city manager cities.
"Fiscal and monetary policy conference
"Top officials of leading corporations par-
ticipated in a four-day discussion of current
issues of fiscal and monetary policy with
responsible officials of the Treasury Depart-
ment, the Budget Bureau, the Federal Re-
serve, Senators, Congressmen, and staff mem-
bers of appropriate congressional committees.
"Douglas Carter has commented that 'the
purpose of [the Brookings programs] is not
training but in the purest sense of the word,
education. There is no desire to return the
middle-aged career executive to a student-
teacher relationship, which he is by temper-
ment not prepared-to accept. He is by defini-
tion a 'participant' in the conference, ex-
pected and encouraged to contribute as much
of the dialogue as the visiting speakers. .
(Developing Leadership for Government,
Washington, D.C., 1960). With this point of
departure, with carefully selected partici-
pants with 'off-the-record' and frank in-
volvement, with highly competent conference
chairmen and able expositors from many
fields and disciplines, Brookings' Advanced
Study Program has provided some of the
leadership education which is a national
necessity."
Mr. MITCHELL. It is apparent that a small
institution like Brookings can do only a very
small part of the job of executive education
that is needed.
Executive development activities in Gov-
ernment, business, labor, and the universi-
ties are moving very slowly and gradually into
this field of education. The Civil Service Com-
mission's Bureau of Training, as one example,
which we just heard about, is developing an
extensive program of conferences and an edu-
cational program for career officials in the
executive branch at the, middle to senior
levels here in Washington and at two resi-
dential centers.
A few universities are broadening their
executive training programs along these
lines. Much more should be done, however.
The professional staff of legislative bodies
have a particularly vital need to bring re-
search knowledge to bear on their considera-
tion of major issues affecting the economy
and the political and social structure of their
city, State, or Nation.
Legislators frequently complain that the
system of legislative decisionmaking does not
provide an adequate basis for informed judg-
ment. Increasing the number of staff mem-
bers without providing machinery for them
to keep up to date in this way is neglecting
an important aspect of staffing the Congress.
In the sciences, where the information ex-
plosion is well known, a series of conferences
for Congressmen and for congressional staff
has been conducted by Brookings and the
American Association for the Advancement
of Science on the policy implications of re-
cent advances in a variety of scientific fields.
The response to these conferences received
from congressional staff members has been
encouraging.
I would like to add here, Mr. Chairman,
that in two such conferences during the last
few years, about a hundred participants have
taken part from the Hill, about half of them
from the Senate and about half from the
House.
The reaction from these congressional staff
members to this educational experience has
been very, very encouraging to us.
The usual educational objectives in our
programs are increased knowledge, a recon-
sideration of attitudes, and improved tools
for job performance. We feel that these goals
were reasonably well met in these confer-
ences.
We hoped that the participants have in-
creased knowledge in the new sciences, an
understanding of new terminology essential
for key judgments in the making of public
policy, and increased skills for performing a
legislative job of analysis and evaluation.
Public policy is increasingly made on the
basis of an exploration of the relevant facts
available. Congressional hearings are one way
of getting to these facts through the testi-
mony of experts.
Therole of congressional staff who assist in
planning and organizing these hearings is
important. To the extent that committee
staff members and the office staff of Members
of Congress can receive advanced education
or training, the work of the Congress will
benefit, because the staff extends the reach
and range of the Members. A well-trained
staff should add to the resources of the in-
dividual Members and the congressional
committees.
The two Brookings programs that have
been organized for congressional staff have
been financed with Brookings funds. With
few exceptions, the activities of the Ad-
vanced Study Program, however, are self-
supporting--or nearly so.
Business corporations, labor unions, and
Government agencies pay a registration fee
for each participant in a Brookings confer-
ence. More programs would be designed
specifically for congressional staff and of-
fered regularly if the academic institution
sponsoring the program could charge a fee
that could be paid under the Employees'
Training Act.
In my opinion, Mr. Chairman, the legisla-
tive employees should be covered by the
Training Act, just as executive branch per-
sonnel have been covered for nearly 10 years.
Safeguards would, of course, have to be
established, just as they have been in the
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8'1402-
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 7, 1969
executive branch, to require that the train-
ing justifies the expense.
In this complex age, the mere fact that
there is new knowledge in a particular field
is not enough to insure its use. It must be
examined and weighed against other con-
siderations.
Discussion in an educational environment
of the implications of the new knowledge
is necessary.
One of the outstanding scholars and prac-
titioners in the field of public administra-
tion, Lynton Caldwell of the University of
I
d
n
iana, said in The Journal of Higher Edu-
cation recently:
"More knowledge is needed, without doubt,
but more use must be made now of what
we already know. The challenge of the en-
vironment has arisen, in part, because higher
education has responded too slowly to the
changes induced by advanced scientific
technology.
"The response of higher education must
therefore include the present generation of
decision-makers, whose choices today de-
termine the possibilities of tomorrow."
In summary, Mr. Chairman, for the career
professional employee of the Congress' es-
pecially, training and educational activi-
ties of the kind now available to employees
of the executive branch is clearly needed.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I will be glad
to answer any questions that you or the
staff may have.
Senator FANNIN. Thank you, Mr. Mitchell.
On the first page of your statement, Mr.
Mitchell, I am very much interested at the
bottom of the page where you say:
"It often costs less to perform research
than to find out whether it has been done."
Would you say that the use of new tech-
niques, computers, and other equipment,
would help in doing away with this dupli-
cation?
Mr. MITCHELL. I know that the Congress
has considered this problem at length, Mr.
Chairman.
Senator FANNIN. How can you overcome the
problem?
Mr. MITCHELL. It seems to me that the
National Science Foundation is working hard
on it and arriving at reasonable solutions.
I used to be associate director of the
National Science Foundation. I am reason-
ably familiar with some of the things that
they have tried to do.
This information explosion is an enormous
problem, as I said in my testimony. The use
of the computer is going to be very, very
helpful. And looked at in the broadest per-
spective, mechanical translation is probably
coming some day, so that we will be trans-
lating not only materials in English but
from other languages as well.
Once we can use mechanical translation
as well as computer technology, then the in-
formation explosion will be truly upon us.
Senator FANNIN. Do you feel that we are
making progress?
Mr. MITCHELL. Most people don't realize
I do feel, as I said in somewhat more formal
language here, that this is an area of edu-
cation that this country is seriously neglect-
ing, the education of people who are leaders
in our society, because they are so busy that
they don't have time to read.
But they will participate in small confer-
ences that are well organized, well planned,
and well run
At least we have found that people from
the C:wernment, from the 200 largest cor-
porations in the country, 35 of the top labor
unions in the country do participate-not
for their middle-level staff but for the presi-
dents of the labor unions, the presidents
and vice presidents of the largest corpora-
tions in the country.
This Is an area to which the universities
are not giving enough attention.
Senator FANNIN. I certainly agree with you
as far as many staff members and the per-
sonnel of the Senators' offices are concerned,
that they should have this opportunity.
I am just wondering, how are staff mem-
bers informed about these programs that you
have been carrying forward in the past.
Mr. MITCHELL. I am afraid that we were
less than completely democratic, Mr. Chair-
man. We did not announce it and say we
would be glad to receive applications from
anybody who i5 interested.
What we did was to invite a small group
of congressional staff people whom we knew
to come down and have lunch with us. We
said: "Of the people on the Hill, whom do
you think would be interested in a series of
seminars on the advancements of science
and their implications for public policy?"
And we developed a list of people in Sen-
ators' offices, the senatorial Staff, and the
same in the House of Representatives. And
we extended invitations.
My recollection is that about two-thirds
of those who were invited accepted.
Senator FANNIN. Thank you very kindly.
We appreciate very much your being with us
this morning.
Mr. MITCHELL. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Senator FANNIN. Mr. John Griner, national
president of the American Federation of
Government Employees.
S. 939-INTRODUCTION OF BILL TO
PROVIDE A U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE
CORPS
Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, I in-
troduce a bill to amend the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 to provide a U.S. For-
eign Service Corps. In accordance with
the ruling of the Parliamentarian in the
last Congress, I ask that the bill be re-
ferred to the La or an u rc a are
Omml e
1s 1s he same scholarship program
as that contained in S. 3700 of the 90th
Congress. It was reported favorably by
Corporation, and former dean, Maxwell
School of Citizenship:
I am intrigued and delighted with the no-
tion of a United States Foreign Service Corps
which would make use of existing academic
institutions in educating and training Amer-
ican citizens for foreign service careers. In
my estimation that is a far more efficient way
of taking care of the educational needs of
existing and prospective foreign service per-
sonnel than in the creation of a separate
Foreign Service Academy.
Dr. Philip Mosley, associate dean, Fac-
ulty of International Affairs, Columbia
University:
It is excellent in both its broad purposes
and its realistic provisions for execution of
the program. Because of the strenuous ef-
forts made since 1945 by universities and col-
leges, and by several foundations, the insti-
tutions of the country offer a wide range of
intensive programs on international affairs
generally and on the intensive study of most
of the areas of the world. Your bill provides
a flexible and efficient way of tapping these
large resources of training and research. .
It could make a tremendous difference in the
awareness of our people about our responsi-
bilities in world affairs and In the effective-
ness of both the study and the conduct of
our foreign policy in its very wide ramifica-
tions.
William Langer, professor of history,
Harvard University, and former member,
advisory board, Foreign Service Institute:
I am well acquainted with the problems of
training for service abroad. I have therefore
read your bill with great interest. I think
it is an excellent bill, that Will do much to
strengthen our staffs abroad. I trust that it
will soon be enacted into law.
T. Keith Glennan, assistant to the
chairman, Urban Coalition:
I am in agreement with the proposal you
have made and hope that this activity can be
included in the Omnibus Education Act of
1968.
the Senate Education Subcommi a and Theodore Eliot, Jr., vice chairman,
the Senate Labor and Public a fare board of directors, American Foreign
Coin er Service Association:
new 1 es to the Higher Education Act. Your proposal is of great interest to the
After introduction of the bill last year, members of the Association, and comes at
received comments from a number of a time when the Association is itself exam-
I received with ining the problems of recruitment and train-
indivi professional ing of professionals in foreign affairs.
reputations in international affairs and
foreign policy. The following are repre- In addition, Ambassador George Allen,
sentative and attest to the interest and Director of the Foreign Service Ins 1 u e
support the Corps has aroused: un r as a , a vise me y e ep one
Adm. Arleigh Burke: fhat-Fie was favorably inclined toward
I read with keen interest the amendment the b1 , an WOU Ti e _ s l y at which you introduced to the Higher Educa- ate hearings.
tion Act. . . . I hope you are successful in When the bill reached the floor last
rret?. il.I
The late Allen Dulles:
I am thoroughly in accord with the objec-
tive you have in mind.
Hai-risen rown, Foreign Seer
eta.l'y,
National Academy of Sciences:
In my opinion this is an important step
forward and I congratulate you on your fore-
sight.
Professor Gabriel Almond, Institute of
Political Studies, Stanford University:
Your plan looks most interesting and
worthy of support. I have not had an op-
portunity to consider it in detail and would
appreciate any hearings or further material
that you may have on it.
Stephen Bailey, chairman, Policy In-
stitute, Syracuse University Research
year, committee jurisdiction was con-
tested by the Foreign e ations Commit-
fee. -Mb acting' cTairman o ha~`cam-
bill were withdrawn from the 1968
amendments, he would work o see that
ceive '`lop prlorl y, distinguished
Senator from Alabama further stated:
I wish the Senator from Colorado would
agree to postpone it until January. I assure
him I will do everything I can to get quick
action on it.
Faced with further debate on the juris-
dictional issue, and delay in passage of
the balance of the 1968 amendments, the
chairman of the Education Subcommit-
tee, Mr. Morse, urged that I return the
bill to the subcommittee, Mr. Morse,
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Feb:=-uai~y -7, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
urged that I return the bill to the sub-
committee and that we arrange hearings
at an early date, which would mean next
session."
With these assurances, I reluctantly
moved to strike the Corps from the re-
ported bill.
In the 90th Congress, the Parliamen-
tarian ruled this was an education bill,
and sent it to our subcommittee. I agree
with that ruling and understand he
would make the same determination to-
day if called upon to do so.
Nevertheless, recognizing the need to
resolve this jurisdictional problem and to
move forward with committee hearings
and action in this session, and with the
strong assurances I have received from
both committees, I have agreed that fol-
lowing completion o cons era ton o
1s measure by the-Senate` Labor a1I
u Icyel re- omil7lR6 ,-T-wi1T`ask t'haI
it-we T`isferred to the Foreign Rel Boris
Committee under a mutually satisfactory
aff0Cnge fdnt"too be made at that -tiffie.-I
do so riot without rd eervatioii`"sin`ee-T'ccon-
tinue to feel this scholarship program
was just as properly referred to the Labor
and Public Welfare Committee as was
the International Education Act of 1966.
A c etai1 d explanation of the proposed
U.S. Foreign Service Corps appears in
my remarks for the CONGRESSIONAL REc-
ORD of June 26, 1968, at page S. 7745.
Rather than repeat them at this time, I
ask unanimous consent that the text of
the bill as well as a section-by-section
analysis be printed in the RECORD at the
close of my statement today.
Let me emphasize, however, several
points.
ropos ^o -nature have been
matte in Congress for some 25 years. Lit-
tle, if any, progress was made, and new
direction is needed.
his is not a program to train or to re
lace ores n ervlc o cers T ere are'
now about 3,381 active members in that
select group known as Foreign Service
officers, but more than 22 times that
many people-in excess of 75,000-work
for the Government in foreign countries
in fields ranging from agriculture to
engineering to labor and commerce.
'ghe Corr)s is a comprehensive scholar-
ship program for Institutions of higher
S 1403
The U.S. Foreign Service Corps was seas, need the finest possible training to
designed with this in mind: insure our ability to listen and under-
First. It utilizes, rather than competes stand, and to insure our capacity to per-
with, the facilities and academic ex- suade others of our search for peace.
pertise of educational institutions, public I ask unanimous consent that the bill
and private, while preserving their con- and a section-by-section analysis of the
trol and objectiveness. bill be printed at this point in the REC-
Second. It offers varied but carefully ORD.
coordinated undergraduate and gradu- The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
ate programs including field training for be received and appropriately referred;
student scholarship recipients as well as and, without objection, the bill and sec-
inservice training and research. tion-by-section analysis will be printed
Third. It harnesses a continual and in the RECORD.
prepared reservoir of representative tal- The bill (S. 939) to amend the Higher
ent from diverse sectors of American life Education Act of 1965 in order to
with a variety of educational backgounds provide for a U.S. Foreign Service
from many colleges and universities. Corps, introduced by Mr. DOMINICK, was
Fourth. It provides access to the full received, read twice by its title, referred
breadth of disciplines taught by the top to the Committee on Labor and Public
minds in the country. Welfare, by unanimous consent, and or-
Fifth. It maintains the desirable flexi- dered to be printed in the RECORD, as
bility and independence to maximize op- follows:
portunities for charting new courses and S. 939
altering old ones in foreign affairs edu- Be it enacted by the Senate and House
cation and practice. of Representatives of the United States of
Sixth. It concentrates our investment America in Congress assembled, That the
Higher Education
in people instead of property, avoiding Act of 1965 is amended
large capital outlays for buildings, (1) by redesignating title XII and sections
1201 through 1210, and all references there-
grounds, and equipment. to, as title XIII and sections 1301 through
The bill I introduce today is identical 1310, respectively, and (2) by inserting after
to S. 3700 of the last Congress with title XI a new title as follows:
except11s. Additional emphasl Tas "TITLE XII-UNITED STATES FOREIGN
WE p aced on graduate schooling by SERVICE CORPS
increasing the ceiling on the number of "ESTABLISHMENT OF CORPS
sueY-1 SC oft larshlip5~0 1,500, while decreas- "SEC. 1201. The Congress recognizes that
ing undergraduate SehOlarships to 3,500. the world and the universe are growing
The total number of scholarships re- smaller in terms of time and space which
mains the same. Payments for subsist- necessitates now, and will demand in the fu-
ence have been adjusted to maw-t!1Thi ture, constant informed contact, knowledge
and understanding
more competitive with the general level among all the peoples
of the world in diplomatic, cultural, and
of payments in other educational pro- commercial exchanges. The success of these
grams. exchanges and the survival of the world may
One consideration in my decision to depend upon the ability, education, train-
withdraw the Corps from the 1968 ing, and intelligence of the men and wom-
amendments was a letter from the State en charged with responsibilities relating to
Department asking that Senate action the foreign relations of the United States.
be deferred "until such time as the ap- To assure that there is adequate opportunity
for the young men and women of the Unit-
propriate comment can be provided." ed States to enter this vast field with the
Two weeks prior, July 1, 1968, the State best possib ra ing of their natural abil-
Department, HEW, GAO, and BOB were ities and to advance the professional educa-
asked to provide the committee with tion and tra n ng of Me officers and employ-
tM-ireTH`oP-foleign re a- ons, ere hereby
es a s e , as prov the - succeeding
provisions of this title, a Corps to be known
as the United States Foreign Service Corps
(hereinafter in this title referred to as the
tion will act more expeditiously. `Corps'). The Corps shall consist of all stu-
egre y, we o no yet have an dents admitted to the Corps under section
efficient total system for training per- 1205, and all officers and employees of the
sonnel from all agencies destined for Government admitted to the Corps under
overseas assignments. Independent ef- section 1207, who are enrolled in a program
of
by or the Board research, d or a
forts of the many departments and study, education, approved oved training,
under r sec-
agencies cannot cannot meet the challenge. I tist, Bon 1204.
want to change that. "DEFINITIONS
"Forward Together" can achieve real "SEC. 1202. As used in this title-
meaning through the U.S. Foreign Serv- "(a) 'Government' means the Government
ice Corps. of the United States;
Mr. President, perhaps no other event "(b) 'non-Federal institution of higher
in our lifetime will serve so well to mark education' means an institution of higher
smallness of the good earth as will tially education which is not owned or substan-
the the magnificant achievements of Apollo United ontrolled by the Government of the
UtStates;
VIII. The need for man to live together "(c) 'Board' means the Board of Trustees
in peace and understanding has been of the Corps;
awakened in America and around the "(d) 'department or agency' means an
globe. executive department, a military department,
The United States needs to listen as an independent establishment, or a Govern-
pec a in chapter 1 of
well as to act and our foreign service title 5, United States Code;
employees, being our first level of gov- "(e) 'training month' means any month
ernmental contact with persons over- during which a member of the Corps ad-
Its purpose is to stimulate inter-esT-afffMT
students in fields related to foreign rela-
tions, to increase educational opportuni-
ties in these fields, and to build and
maintain the highest caliber of compe-
tence for all employees of the Federal
Government serving abroad. In short,
the principal thrust is on making readily
accessible the best possible educational,
training, and research facilities in the
country.
At least 77 institutions in 31 States,
the District of Columbia, and Puerto
Rico offer career curricula in interna-
tional relations. Some 41 institutions in
21 States and the District of Columbia
have curriculums for foreign service and
diplomacy. The potential for this non-
Government educational resource is
there, if we will only recognize it and
put it to maximum use.
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S 1404 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
mitted under section 1205 is taking at least
the minimum level of credit hours in a full-
time course of study prescribed by the
Board, or is taking field training as assigned
by the Board; and
"(f) 'dependent', when used in relation to
a dependent of a member of the Corps ad-
mitted under section 1205, means an individ-
ual who qualifies as a dependent of such
member under section 152 of the Internal
Revenue Co amen d.
"SEC. l203 u 3nagement and su-
pervision of the Corps shall be vested in a
Board of Trustees. The Board shall develop
and support, as provided hereinafter, pro-
grams of education, training, and research
in the field of foreign relations designed to
prepare, or advance the qualifications of,
members of the Corps for service with the
United States in positions or programs re-
lated to such field.
"(b) Board shall consist
ar of State, four uca rs to be appointed
V t~ h e Presiden . two members of the United
pees Senate to be appointed by the Vice
President, and two members of the House of
Speaker of the House ofntatives.
Not more than one of the trustees appointed
from the Senate nor one of the trustees ap-
pointed from the House of Representatives
shall be of the same political party.
"(c) (1) The term of each member of the
Board appointed from the Senate and the
House of Representatives shall be two years.
"(2) The term of each member of the
Board appointed by the President shall be
four years; except that of the first four per-
sons appointed by the President two shall
be designated to serve for two years and two
shall be designated to serve for four years.
"(3) Members of the Board shall be eligi-
ble for reappointment.
"(d) Vacancies created by death or resig-
nation shall be filled in the same manner in
which the original appointment was made,
except that the person appointed to fill the
vacancy shall be appointed only for the un-
expired term of the trustee whom he shall
succeed.
"(e) Members of the Board shall serve
without pay; but shall be entitled to reim-
bursement for travel, subsistence, and other
necessary expenses incured in the perform-
ance of their duties.
"ESTABLISHMENT OF CORPS PROGRAMS
"SEC. 1204. (a) In order to carry out the
purposes of this title, the Board is authorized
and directed to make arrangemen wI
qualified non- era i bf higher
education providing r'or it1 admission of
qualified members of the Corps to such in-
stitutions for their enrollment in programs
operated by and at such institutions which
are designed to-
"(1) enable qualified students who are
admitted to the Corps prusua.Dt to section
1205 to pursue full-time courses of study ap-
prove y the Board relating to the field of
foreign relations and leading to the granting
of an undergraduate or graduate degree;
"(2) enable qualified officers and employees
of the Government ' having duties ar yes on-
si i i Ies in e eio oreTgn relations who
MT W11111ttert"trLE "COTpS ~SLir5tlaTft ~O sec-
tion 1207 to ursue, on a voluntary basis and
Eff-7L2L terms and con itions as the Board
may prescribe, professional education, train-
ing and research activities approved by the
Board relating to the field of foreign rela-
tions, including selected subjects from a gen-
eral curriculum, or to ursue full-time
courses of study approved by the Boar re-
lating to the field of foreign relations and
leading to an undergraduate or graduate de-
gree; and
"(3) enable selected members of the .Qgs
to engage in research activties approved by
the Board relating a eld of foreign
relations. In addition, such arrangements
shall provide for a program of appropriate
orientation and language training by and at
such institutions for members of the fami-
lies of persons admitted to the Corps or of
officers and employees df a government
who are hot members o t e Cores, but have
duties or responsibilities in the field of for-
eign relations, in anticipation of, or on ac-
count of, the assignment of such members
of the Corps or officers or employees of the
Government to a foreign country or area.
r'(b lii'cairying out ids i'unctioiis'iin$er
subsection (a), the Board shall not enter
into any arrangement with a non-Federal in-
stitution of higher education unless such
arrangement provides that such institution
will offer to members of the Corps, as a part
of its curriculum, courses of study or activi-
tiesof education, training, or research in the
field of foreign relations approved by the
Board as satisfactory in order, or
a vance the qua ca. Ions o , members of
the Corps for service with the United States
in positions or programs related to the field
of foreign relations.
"(c) The number of persons who may
receive instruction and training under the
various programs of the Corps shall be deter-
mined by the Board; except that not more
than three thousand five hundred students
may be admitted under section as new
members of the Corps in any acaTMMr_7L1=
fo"r` e purpose of pursuing courses of study
leading to an undergraduate de e, and not
more than fifteen hundred students may be
admitted under sec Ion as new members
of the Corps in any academic year for the
purpose of pursuing courses of study leading
to a graduate degree.
"NOMINATION AND ADMISSION OF STUDENTS
INTO CORPS
"SEC. 1205. (a) The Board shall provide for
the holding of annual competitive under-
graduate and graduate examinations to de-
termine the admission of applicants into the
Corps from among students who are nomi-
nated pursuant to subsection (c). Such ex-
aminations shall test the intellectual capaci-
ties and training of the applicant and his
aptitude for service in the field of foreign
relations. The Board shall develop such ex-
aminations in consultation with non-Federal
institutions of higher education with which
it has made arrangements under section 1204.
"(b) Applicants for the annual under-
graduate examination held by the Board shall
be citizens of the United States who are
graduates of, or attending, a public secondary
school in, or any private secondary school
accredited by, a State, or a public or private
secondary school in a foreign country which
in the judgment of the Board provides an
educational program for which it awards a
certificate of graduation generally accepted
as constituting the equivalent of that
awarded by secondary schools accredited by a
State. Applicants for the annual graduate
examination held by the Board shall be citi-
zens of the United States who are graduates
of, or attending, an institution of higher
education in the United States or of an insti-
tution of higher education in a foreign coun-
try which provides an educational program
for which it awards a degree which in the
judgment of the Board is generally accepted
as constituting the equivalent of a bachelor's
degree awarded by similar institutions in the
United States. No applicant shall be eligible
to take any such examination unless he has
first been nominated pursuant to subsec-
tion (c).
"(c) (1) A total of eight thousand four
hundred and eighteen applicants shall be
nominated each year to take the annual
competitive examinations held by the Board
as follows:
"(A) two hundred and twenty from the
United States at large as follows:
"(i) one hundred nominated by the Presi-
dent,
February 7, 11,969
"(ii) sixty-six nominated by the Vice
President, and
"(iii) fifty-four nominated by the Secretary
of State;
"(B) thirty from each State, fifteen nomi-
nated by each Senator from the State;
"(C) fifteen from each congressional dis-
trict, nominated by the representative from
the district;
"(D) three from each State nominated by
the Governor of the State;
"(E) seven from the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico nominated by the Resident Com-
missioner from Puerto Rico;
"(F) ten from the District of Columbia,
nominated by the Commissioner of the Dis-
trict of Columbia;
"(G) three from the Virgin Islands, nom-
inated by the Governor of the Virgin Islands;
and
"(H) three from the Canal Zone, nomi-
nated by the Governor of the Canal Zone.
"(2) No person may be nominated under
clauses (B) through (G), inclusive, of para-
graph (1) unless such person is domiciled in
the State, or in the congressional district,
from which such person is nominated, or in
the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth
of Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands if nom-
inated from one of those places. To be eligible
for nomination by the Governor of the Canal
Zone, a person must be a resident of the
Canal Zone, or a member of the family of a
resident of the Canal Zone, or a member of
the family of a civilian officer or employee of
the United States or the Panama Canal Com-
pany residing in the Republic of Panama.
"(3) After the initial three years of opera-
tion of the Corps, if the Board determines
that the total number of applicants who
will be qualified and admitted as new mem-
bers in the Corps prior to the beginning of
any academic year under this section for
the purpose of pursuing courses of study
during such academic year leading to under-
graduate or graduate degrees, respectively,
will be below the total number of applicants
who may be so admitted to the Corps in ac-
cordance with section 1204(c), the Board may
nominate to take a competitive examination
held prior to such academic year, and select
for admission to the Corps, in the order of
merit established by such examination, such
additional number of eligible applicants as
the Board finds will be necessary to meet the
needs of the Corps programs in such aca-
demic year and will not exceed the limita-
tions set forth in section 1204(c).
"(d) A plicants under this section shall be
selected or mein ership in the Corps in the
order of merit established by the annual ex-
amina~ tions held by the Board pursuant to
this section, but no person shall be eligible
for admission as a member of the Corps un-
less he is a graduate of a public or private
secondary school described in subsection (b)
in the case of a student intending to pursue
a course of study leading to an undergradu-
ate degree or a graduate of an institution of
higher education described in subsection (b)
in the case of a student intending to pursue
a course of study leading to a graduate
degree.
"(e) Except as provided in this section, no
competl-a-vu -or C'urrer similar examination
shall be required for admission of any per-
son as a member of the Corps under this
section.
"COMPENSATION AND PAYMENT OF EXPENSES
AND SUBSISTENCE FOR STUDENT MEMBERS
"SEC. 1206. (a) Members of the Corps who
are admitted under section 1205 and are
maintaining satisfactory progress in, and
taking at least the minimum level of credit
hours in, full-time courses of study as pre-
scribed by the Board shall be compensated,
for tuition, texts, laborator fees an associated course materials, and shall receive sub-
si a ce 177T=rs -as provided in this section.
No compensation or payments shall be made
except in accordance with procedures estab-
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V
Fe&Auxry- 7, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
lished by the Board to assure their accuracy
and appropriateness.
"(b) The subsistence payments which
shall be payable under this section are as
follows:
"(1) A single student member shall re-
receive $200" subsistence pay per training
month.
A married student member having a
depend . Douse s a receive $25 sub-
sistence pay per training month, and if they
have a dependent child or children an addi-
tional allowance of $30 for each dependent
child shall be paid per raining month.
"(3) Where both a husband and wife
member are students under a Corps program
and are cohabiting their joint subsistence
pay shall be x$300_per traiiT1hX'bfL'IS; Will
if they have a dependent child or children
an additional allowance of $30 for each de-
pendent child shall be paid per training
month.
"(4) Where both a husband and a wife
member are students under a Corps pro-
gram and are legally separated they each
shall receive the same subsistence pay per
training month as would a single student,
but if either spouse has a dependent child
or children an additional allowance of $30
per training month shall be paid to the en-
titled spouse for each dependent child.
"(5) Student members shall be granted an
additional allowance of $30 per training
month for each dependent not a spouse or a
child of such student member.
"ADMISSION OF GOVERNMENT OFFICERS AND EM-
PLOYEES INTO CORPS; EXPENSES AND COMPEN-
SATION----_ _._._~.
"SEC. ~ 1207. (a) The i acL_QS Qac1 1^ZS2Y i-
ment department or agency is authorized (1)
to select officers and employees of such de-
partment or agency wfioma- volunteer to be
admitted to the Corps To pursue eucation,
training or research or a course of study
within a Corps program, (2) to pay all or
any part of the pay (except overtime, E6ff ay;
or night differential pay) of any such officer
or employee so selected for the period of such
education, training or research, or course of
study, as a member of the Corps, and (3) to
pay or reimburse such officer or employee for
lit or part of'tlieiiecessaryex lensi6$ orsilch
educatiari,g $I ge of
study, without regard to section 529 of title
31, Unite i n c l u d i n g a neces-
9WY a travel expenses of such
officer or employee and the transportation ex-
penses of his immediate family, (B) the ex-
penses of packing, crating, transporting, and
temporarily storing, draying and unpacking
his household goods and personal effects to
the extent authorized by section 5724 of title
5, United States Code, (C) purchase or rental
of books, materials and supplies, and (D) all
other services or facilities directly related to
the education, training, or research or course
of study of such officer or employee within a
Corps program. The head of each Govern-
ment department or -agency agency shall prescribe,
with the approval of the Boat[t;-lh ttrM is
concernin the number of officers axiR"e-
p oyees o suc department or ag c o
a , be selected for admission to the Corps
at the same time an a perip o e
which may be spent by such officers and em-
ployees in study, training, or research or a
course of study within a Corps program. The
provisions of section 1206 shall not apply to
any Governmen officers or employees a'B-
mitted to the Corps under this section.
"(b) Appropriations made available to any
Government department or agency for the
payment of salaries and expenses of officers
and employees of such department or agency
shall be available for making payments under
this section to members of the Corps selected
from such department or agency.
"(c) During any period for which any
Government officer or employee who is ad-
mitted to the Corps under this section is
separated from his usual duties of employ-
S 1405
ment with any Government department or tion related to his course of study, be avail-
agency for the purpose of education, train- able for assignment in the discretion of and
ing, or research or a course of study within by the Board (1) for hiring or appointment
a Corps program, such officer or employee by`MTF'r'T1Ted States in connection with any
shall be considered to have performed service, program Ox ne .so ernment relating to the
as an officer or employee of such department field of foreign relations conducted by any
or agency at the rate of compensation re- department or agency of the Government,
ceived immediately prior to commencing such (2) if such member has completed a
education, training, or research or course of course of study leading to a graduate degree,
study (including any increase in compensa- for one year of speci~stuciy in a par-
tion provided by law during the period of titular foreign country or are~n which he
such activit
) f
th
y
or
e purposes of (1) sub- may later be assigned for Government serv-
chapter III (relating to-".11 ice. Upon satisfactory completion of any such
ment) of chapter 83 of title 5, United States year of specialized study by a member of
Code, (2) chapter 87 (relating to Federal em- the Corps, he shall be a ointed as a Foreign
ployees group life insu a 5
rancey-ur Service officer by e Secretary o State
United St
t
C
d
a
es
o
e, and (3) chapter 89 (re-
lating to Federal em to ees group health
insurance) o- title , m ' a"ts Z",0 e.
"(d) Each Government officer or emDlovee
who is aaii eecd to the Corps under this sec-
tion shall, on completion of the period of
education, training, or research or a course
of study within a Corps program, be en-
titled to continue service in his formLr d,
sftion or a position of at least like seniorit
and statusin the department or agency
from which he Was selected for such educa-
tion, traiiiing,"or research" or course o4? study
and shall be entitled to at least the rate of
basic pay to which he would have been en-
titled had he continued in his usual serv-
ice with such department or agency. On re-
sumption of his usual duties with such de-
partment or agency, the department or
agency shall restore such officer's or em-
ployee's sick leave account, by credit or
charge, to its status at the time he com-
menced education, training, or research or
a course of study within a Corps program.
"AGREEMENT TO ENTER INTO OR CONTINUE GOV-
ERNMENT SERVICE AFTER COMPLETING CORPS
"SEC. 1208. The Board shall obtain from
each person admitted to the Corps, other
than members of a family receiving orienta-
tion or language training under section 1204
(a), such agreement as the Board may deem
necessary to assure Mau sucn c-
cePt employment with the United State ,
unless already so employed, and will remain
in the employ of the United States, wherever
the emplay-ing department or
r e "On of
their educa ion, raining, research, or course
of study within a Corps program as is pre-
scribed by (1) the Board in the case of
stu-dent`s admitted to the Corps under section
1205, or (2) the head ofathe employing de-
artment or agency in case
~H'Sfli$T6Yee?' of Govern-
sBleced-
m sT dii Atli?e'Corps"'from siXoli` epad"itment
or_ agency under section 1207.
"ASSIGNMENT OF STUDENT MEMBERS FOR FIELD
TRAINING AND GOVERNMENT SERVICE
"SEC. 1209. (a) During the course of study
leading to an undergraduate or graduate
degree, each student admitted to the Corps
under section may be assigned at the
discretion of the Board for field training with
an program of the Governmen re a ing o
the field o foreign re a ions con uc e y
any department or agency of the Govern-
ment. The period of field training assignment
for a Corps member under this subsection
may not exceed two consecutive months in
any calendar year during the first three years
of undergraduate study, nor more than six
consecutive months during the fourth year
of undergraduate study or any academic year
of graduate study.
"(b) Except as otherwise provided by any
law of e Uhited air regulation pre-
scribed by the Board, each student admitted
to the Corps under section 1205 shall, upon
satisfactory co a ion o his course of study
leading to an undergraduate or graduate
degree, or within such period of time there-
after as the Board finds to be reasonable
to prepare and submit any thesis or disserta-
t1011 D15 OT-51-7 01 e ore gn ervice c
o>~
assignments un-
der this section, the Board shall consult with
interested departments an nd agencies of the
G e f re-M-To-1T&teimine' a personnel re-
quirements of their programs relating to tthe
field of foreign relations. To the extent prac-
ticable, members of the Corps shall be as-
signed in accordance with their preferences
for a particular Government program.
"ROTATION FOR SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES
"SEC. 1210. All Corps members who have
satisfactorily completed their education,
training, or research, or course of study
within a Corps program and are employed by,
or remain in the employment of, the United
States under this title shall be asst ed to
Government duties withi e me a es
o a mum of one year d uring every
five-iii are 15m ployed in any `overn-
men--72ug, n-j2I-' bh a-
tions; except that the provisions of this
subsection may be waived when the United
States is at wax as declared b CCongress.
"CONTINUATION OF FOREIGN SERVICE
INSTITUTE
"SEC. 1211. The Foreign Service Institute,
established under title VII of the Foreign
Service Act of 1946 (22 U.S.C. 1041-1047) is
hereby continued. All functions owers an
duti Secretary of 6t
ate under such
t t e, relating to the Foreign Service Insti-
tute, are hereby transferred to the Boar . All
propert and ersonn 1 of the Foreign Serv-
f ns i u e,, tog with the unexpended
balance of any appropriation available for
use by such Institute, are hereby transferred
to the Board and shall be subject to the con-
tro and us o e furtherance
of the objectives of the Corps.
"STAFF OF BOARD
"SEC. 1212. (a) The Board may appoint and
fix the compensation of a staff consisting of
not more than five professional staff mem-
bers and such clerical staff members as may
be necessary. Such appointments shall be
made and such compensation shall be fixed
in accordance with the provisions of title 5,
United States Code, governing appointments
in the competitive service, and the provisions
of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter
53 of such title relating to classification and
General Schedule pay rates.
"(b) The Board may designate one member
from the professional staff who shall serve as
the chief staff officer of the Board and shall
exercise, under the supervision and in ac-
cordance with the policies of the Board, such
of the powers and duties granted to the
Board as it deems appropriate.
"(c) The Board may procure such tempo-
rary and intermittent services as are au-
thorized by section 3109 of title 5, United
States Code, but at rates not to exceed $100
a day for individuals.
"ACQUISITION OF REAL OR PERSONAL PROPERTY
BY BOARD
"SEC. 1213. The Board shall have the power
to acquire and hold property, real or per-
sonal, and to receive and accept money or
other property, real or personal, bequeathed,
:/
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i~vv CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 7, 1`69
devised, or donated, and to use, sell, or other- (3) selected members of the Corps for re- or a student legally separated, $250 for a
wise dispose of such property for the purpose tSearch activities in the field of foreign rela- married student with a dependent spouse,
of carrying out this title.
"PROHIBITION AGAINST ESTABLISHMENT OF The arrangements must include a program members who are living together. An addi-
"SEC. 1214. Exr CeAL as provided in section
training at the institution for members of forneach dpen dependent child ofonth
a stud ntmem-
1Sj1, nothing In this title shall be construed the families of persons admitted to the Corps ber, or for a dependent other than his
to in the Board to establish any construed if it is anticipated the Corps member will spouse or child.
to authorize al institution, or to appoint or hedu- ire be assigned to a foreign country or arealSuch
any person to serve on the faculty or staff of orientation and language training must also Section 1207. Admission of Government of-
an, educational institution. be available for members of the families of fivers and employees into the Corps; ex-
The head of each
officers and employees of the Federal Govern- Government Goners and department compensation: or age
"AUTHORIZATION ment who are not Corps members, but who authorized select among g t would b-
""Sac. 1215. There are hereby authorized to have duties or responsibilities in the field eelnt riselect from its e Corps
be appropriated to the Board to carry out the of foreign relations, when it becomes es volunteering for admission into the Corps
purposes of this title (other than section parent the officer or employee will be as- to pursue edortion, training, or research , to 1207), $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending signed to a foreign country or area/ within the Corps programer of employees
June 30, 1970; $30,000,000 for the fiscal year Section 1205. Nomination and admission simitations on the number of employeef
ending June 30, 1971; $45,000,000 for the fis- of students into Corps: The total of 3,500 the their rted cour rse eho same studyi. From and the
appropri priatati of at tme,
cal year ending June 30, 1972; and $60,000,000 undergraduate and 1,500 graduate student for the From for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973; but members of the Corps authorized for admis- and made expenses available of for themployees of payment such de such de arit-
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and sion in any year would be selected in order y emplpart-
each succeeding fiscal year, only such sums of merit by annual competitive undergrad- ment or agency, employees so selected would
may be appropriated as the Congress may uate and graduate examinations held by the be authorized to be paid their regular
hereafter authorize by law." Board, to test the intellectual capacity, salaries, and (without regard to 31 U.S.C.
The section-b training, and aptitude for foreign affairs of 529) to be reimbursed for necessary expenses
y-section analysis of the 8,418 persons eligible to take the examina- of such education, training, or research (in-
bill, presented by Mr. DOMINicx, follows: tion and nominated in accordance with pro- eluding travel expense of such employee,
U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE CORPS-SECTION-BY- visions of this section. (After 3 years, if it family, cost on expenses of his immedihis
SECTION ANALYSIS appeared in any year that this procedure household d goods oftransporting and personal pe rsonal effects storing his
Section 1201. Establishment of Corps: To would not qualify for admission into the extent authorized 5 U.S.C. p c the
provide more widespread opportunity for en- Corps the number of student members who extent of books, . 5724, supplies,
and more adequate tof per- might be admitted, an additional competitive o
tering, r rental of books, materials, and suppplies,
field examination would be given to nominees of and other services or facilities related to his
so foreign engaged in in, , the
soons entering relations, ate training rai a U. S. Foreign e Applicants for the annual undergraduate or research pgam
Service fiold the Board.) inert education, trains p, eriod of od of arch). A education, tGovain-
denp would ing or
dents and Government employees consisting of
selected examination would be required to be citizens ing, or within a Corps program
for admission under the of the United States who had graduated would be deemed t be Government seFed-
title, and enrolled in a program of eg, public secondary
provisions of this from, or were attending, a for purposes employees' group civil ft service and retheeomeh insur-
Fed-
or a course education,
training, n or research, in
study in, or a private secondary school ac- anc , and at completion the credited by, a State or a secondary school in a ploy and l the
em-
approved by the Board of Trustees estab- foreign country with an educational program p y rights to a
have reemployment the the to a
lished hereunder. to ee would have
Section 1202. Definition: "Government", approved by the Board. Applicants for the position of at least like seniority and status
non-
" Sectioner12 i. efion of higher educe- annual graduate examination would be re- in the department or agency from which he
quired to be citizens of the United States who was selected, with restoration of sick leave
tion" (institution not owned or substantially had graduated from, or were attending, an In- credit, and at the rate of pay to which he
controlled by the Government of the United stitution of higher education in the United
States), "Board" (Board of Trustees of the States g would have been entitled if he had continued
U.S. Foreign Service Corps), "department or or an institution of hi her education his usual service in such department or
in a foreign country which awards a degree agency.
agency" (including Government corpora- which in the Board's judgment is generally Section 1209. Assignment of student mem-
tion), "training month", and "dependent" accepted as equivalent to a bachelor's degree bers for field training and Government serv-
would be defined. in the United States. (Before admission into ice: The Board might assign any student
Section 1203. Board of Trustees: A Board the Corps, a student member would need to member of the Corps admitted under Sec-
of Trustees (consisting of the Secretary of have graduated from such secondary school tion 1205 for field training with any Govern-
State, four educators appointed by the or institution of higher learning, as the case ment program relating to foreign relations
President, two Senators, not of the same might be.)
political part appointed not more than 2 cedar years months y, by the Vice Presi- The annual competitive examination could any of the first 3 calendar yearrs of of his is un-
dent, and two Representatives, not of the be taken only by applicants nominated as dergraduate study, and for not more than
same political party, appointed by the Speaker follows: 6 consecutive months during the fourth year
the House) would be charged with man-
of tnt and supervision of the Corps, and (1) 220 nominated from the United States of undergraduate study or any academic year
of th at large (100 by the President, 66 by the of graduate study. Except as otherwise pro-
development and support of programs of edu- Vice President, 54 by the Secretary of State) ; sided by law or by regulation of the Board, a
cation, training, and research, designed to (2) 1,650 nominated from the 50 States student member who received an undergrad-
prepare, or advance the qualifications of, (15 by each Senator, 3 by each Governor) ; uate or graduate degree under the Corps pro-
members of the Corps for service with the (3) 6,525 nominated from the 435 con- gram would be available for assignment by
United States in positions or programs re- gressional districts (15 by the Representative the Board (in consultation with interested
lated to foreign relations. Members of the from each district) departments and agencies of Government
Board would serve without pay, but with re- (4) 10 from the District of Columbia, nomi- and, to the extent practicable, in accordance
imbursement for travel, subsistence, and nated by the Commissioner of the District with the student's preferences (1) to be hired
other necessary expenses, for terms of 2 years of Columbia by any department or agency of Government
(Senate, House, and first two educator ap- (5) 13 fro
; to m outlying areas (7 nominated rel a program relating the the field of foreign
pointees of the President) or 4 years (all by the Resident Commissioner from Puerto member , or
(2) in the case to a student
other educator appointees of the President, Rico, 3 by the Governor of the Virgin Is- der e Chewho received oaa graduate of special-
of which two would be appointed every 2 lands, 3 by the Governor of the Canal Zone). dthe Corps program, for 1 year or special-
years) , and might be reappointed. Total, 8.418. wed study in a foreign country or area in
Section 1204. Establishment of Corps pro- Except with respect to nominees at large, `Which ermines later be those students or Gected
Govern-
grams: The Board would be authorized to and from the Canal Zone, nominations could ment service. my those stdeselected
make arrangements with qualified non- be made only from among persons domiciled for such specialized study from those lFederal institutions of higher education to in the State, congressional district, or geo- to be g a graduate reigns Service be entitled
admit qualified members of the Corps to graphic area from which nominated. to be appointed Foreign Service officers by
y
programs approved by the Board, including- Section 1206. Compensation and payment the S provided of S, 2ed i 22aU.SC.C. 911- the epon sat-
(1) in any academic year, not more than of expenses and subsistence for student Isla pro0 911-912, upon sat-
3,500
3,500 undergraduate and not more than members: Student members of the Corps ad- sfactory completion of the year of special-
graduate student members, for full- mitted under Section 1205 and maintaining ized studyI
time courses Of study leading to, respective- satisfactory progress in courses of study Section on 1210. Rotation for service in the
IT.; undergraduate or graduate degrees in prescribed by the Board would be compen- United States: Except in time of war declared
foreign relations; sated for tuition, texts, laboratory fees, and by Congress, Corps members who sati:fac-
(2) Government employee members for associated course materials and would be torily completed education, training, or re-
professional education, training, and re- eligible to receive subsistence payments in search, or course of study within a Corps
search activities or for full-time courses of accordance with procedures established by program, and who were employed by the
study leading to an undergraduate or grad- the Board. Subsistence payments per train- United States in the field of foreign relations,
unto degree in foreign relations; ing month would be $200 for a single student would be assigned Government duties with-
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Febru try 7, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
in the United States for at least 1 of every
5 years of such employment.
Section 1211. Continuation of Foreign
Service Institute: All functions, powers, and
duties of the Secretary of State relating to
the Foreign Service Institute established un-
der 22 U.S.C. 1041-1047 would be transferred
to the Board. All property and personnel of
the Foreign Service Institute and the unex-
pended balance of any appropriation therefor
would be transferred to the Board for use in
furtherance of the objectives of the Corps.
Section 1212. Staff of Board: The Board
would be authorized to make appointments
in the competitive service and to fix the com-
pensation, in accordance with civil service
classification and general schedule pay rates,
of not more than five professional staff mem-
bers (including a chief staff officer of the
Board) and such clerical staff members as
might be necessary.
The Board would be authorized to procure
temporary or intermittent services pursuant
to 5 U.S.C. 3109, at rates not to exceed $100
per day for individuals.
Section 1213. Acquisition of real or per-
sonal property by Board: The Board would
have the power to acquire, hold, use, sell, or
otherwise dispose of property, real or per-
sonal, and to accept gifts or bequests, to
carry out the purposes of this title.
Section 1214. Prohibition against establish-
ment of academy: The Board would have no
authority to establish any educational insti-
tution, nor to appoint any person to serve on
the faculty or staff of any educational in-
stitution except the Foreign Service Institute.
Section 1215. Authorization: To carry out
the purposes of this title (except Section
1207), appropriations to the Board would be
authorized in the amount of $15 million in
fiscal 1970, $30 million in fiscal 1971, $45
million in fiscal 1972, $60 million in fiscal
1973, and in fiscal 1974 and each succeeding
fiscal year, such sums as Congress might
authorize.
S. 940-INTRODUCTION OF BILL RE-
LATING TO A MORATORIUM FOR
DAMS ON THE MIDDLE SNAKE
Mr. JORDAN of Idaho. Mr. President,
I introduce today, for appropriate refer-
ence, on behalf of myself and my dis-
tinguished colleague, Senator CHURCH of
Idaho, a bill which will declare a mora-
torium on the granting of a license for
any dam on the Middle Snake River be-
tween the Hells Canyon Dam and the
site of the Asotin Dam. This would apply
for a period of 10 years.
This will be consistent with the 10-
year moratorium on the reconnaissance
studies of water augmentation for the
Southwest from sources outside the Colo-
rado River Basin States as spelled out
in the Colorado River development bill
and for the 10-year study on the main
Salmon River which is now designated
in the study section of the wild and
scenic rivers bill. The Columbia River
Basin States are a full generation behind
the Colorado River Basin States in water
resource planning, We expect to make
good use of this 10-year period.
First. The Pacific Northwest River
Basins Commission was created on March
6, 1967. Studies by this Commission are
now going forward in cooperation with
agencies of the States of Idaho, Oregon,
Washington, Montana, and Wyoming.
Second. The constitution of Idaho
was amended in 1964 to authorize a State
water resource board. This was funded
in 1967. This agency is now building an
organization and has started its study
and inventory of water and land re-
sources of the State to determine the
present and future water needs.
Third. We need more facts which cur-
rent studies will provide.
Mr. President, after having achieved a
10-year moratorium on the Colorado
River Project Act in order to preserve
our options provided by that moratorium
it would be inconsistent and inexcusable
to remain silent while dam builders
argue over who will build a dam at
Appoloosa or Mountain Sheep when the
building of either project will foreclose
the hard-won options we have thus far
successfully defended. For these reasons
Senator CHURCH and I intend to insure
that Idaho's options in water resource
development are kept open and not fore-
closed by precipitate action in licensing
by the FPC or authorization by the Con-
gress for Federal construction of any
dam in the Middle Snake Area.
Some pertinent facts which relate to
this situation are-
First. High Mountain Sheep, Appo-
loosa, and Nez Perce are mutually ex-
clusive, that is, the building of any one
would preempt the building of the other
two. Nez Perce is superior to the other
two in every way because it is located be-
low the confluence of the Salmon and
Snake Rivers and will best use the water
from both rivers behind a single dam.
Consideration of the Nez Perce has
yielded with pressure to preserve ana-
dromous fish runs.
Second. On January 20, 1958, the FPC
denied an application by Pacific North-
west Power Co.-project No. 2173-to
build dams at Mountain Sheep and
Pleasant Valley. At that time the Com-
mission said:
Commission determines that applicant's
project will not be best adapted to a compre-
hensive plan of development of the water
resources of the region under Section 10(a)
of the Federal Power Act after finding that
the Nez Perce project would have more flood
control benefits and greater power benefits
than applicant's proposed project.
Third. The reasons for denying the
applicant's application are even more
valid now than they were in 1958. Since
then preliminary studies disclose:
That the Snake River watersheds will
not provide enough water to irrigate the
great potential of land adjacent and eco-
nomically feasible new irrigable lands.
That the best source of supplemental
water is Idaho's own Salmon River.
That present salmon runs may already
be doomed by the building of the 10 dams
below the mouth of the Salmon River
that are now either built, under con-
struction, or authorized, or it may be
that fisheries research may provide a
means of passing fish over dams without
the high losses that now occur.
That to achieve Idaho's ultimate rec-
lamation potential both supplemental
water supplies and low cost pumping
power are essential. Both of these ele-
ments are available in the Salmon stor-
age behind Nez Perce Dam with
pumpback to project lands by low cost
Nez Perce power.
S 1407
make available for the same purpose a
minimum flow of 5,000 cubic feet per
second now required by the FPC as a
condition in the licensing of Idaho Power
Co. at its three-dam complex upstream
in the Middle Snake.
Mr. President, Idaho is now at the
crossroads. The stakes are high. Within
10 years we must decide which direction
to take, whether it be toward achieving
our high reclamation potential by full
development of the Middle Snake or to
maintain an open river. We do not have
to make this decision now. Nor do we
wish to be forced into a decision by oth-
ers who are motivated by the single pur-
pose, power. Bear in mind, there are
many sources of power including nuclear
or fossil fuel generation but the one es-
sential element in making the desert
bloom is water.
In Idaho we have a double loyalty in
our great love for our vast forests, moun-
tain meadows, open ranges, lakes, and
streams. We are determined to protect
our great wildlife and recreation re-
sources and we are equally determined to
utilize the natural resources of these
areas to help us grow and develop fully
our industrial and agriculture potential.
I believe that these objectives are not
incompatible and I hope that Congress
will assist us in reaching these objectives
by granting a moratorium until our stud-
ies have been completed.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
be received and appropriately referred.
The bill (S. 940) to prohibit the licens-
ing of hydroelectric projects on the Mid-
dle Snake River below Hells Canyon Dam
for a period of 10 years, introduced by
Mr. JORDAN of Idaho (for himself and
Mr. CHURCH), was received, read twice by
its title, and referred to the Committee
on Interior and Insular Affairs.
TEN-YEAR MORATORIUM FOR MIDDLE SNAKE
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I am
pleased to join my distinguished col-
league, Senator JORDAN of Idaho, in spon-
soring this bill to prohibit the licensing
of hydroelectric projects on the Middle
Snake River below Hells Canyon Dam
for a 10-year period.
The thrust of this legislation is to
provide time for further appraisal of the
Middle Snake in the context of chang-
ing time and need.
I am presently persuaded that the con-
struction of a high hydroelectric dam in
the Middle Snake would not contribute
greatly to the development of Idaho. The
power would be sold almost entirely out-
side the State to large urban centers. An
alleged benefit to the fishery has yet to
be proved, or even accepted by the best-
informed sportsman groups. Federal ap-
propriations for water development proj-
ects are limited, and I think it very im-
portant to arrange our priorities in such
a way that multipurpose projects, which
include irrigation, navigation, and flood-
control benefits, as well as electric power,
and which contribute most to the gen-
eral growth of our economy, are built
ahead of those projects which contribute
the least.
That the building of Nez Perce would Hells Canyon has a long history of con-
not only make possible the use of Salmon flict in the private versus public power
River water for upstream consumptive field. I will not go into a detailed chro-
use in the Snake River Basin but would nology, other than to point out that the
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S 1408
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 7; 'f969
public and private groups which sepa-
rately and then jointly filed for licenses
to construct dams in the canyon have
now reached agreement with the Interior
Department for a partnership for which
congressional approval will be sought.
The record, however., is replete with
divided and opposing appraisals. Even
now there are questions as to the loca-
tion of the damsite. Meanwhile, there
has been a growing movement against
any dams in the canyon, and for estab-
lishment of this section of the Snake as
a recreational river preserved in its nat-
ural state.
Mr. President, this is a magnificent
stretch of the river, in a canyon deeper
than the Grand Canyon of the Colorado.
The Seven Devils peaks rise 8,000 feet
above waters that often churn white
between sheer rock walls. This is a wild
and remote area where thousands of
deer and elk graze in wintertime, and
which is a natural habitat for cougar,
bear, coyote, and other wildlife. Salmon,
steelhead, bass, and the mighty sturgeon
abound in the river. Migratory water-
fowl, wild turkeys, golden eagles, par-
tridges, grouse, and many other birds
flock here. Domestic livestock also graze
in the area.
Hells Canyon is internationally known
to white water boatmen. Many visitors
reach the canyon by jet boat from Lew-
iston, Idaho, or down steep trails from
either the Idaho or Oregon side. There
are many fine campsites along the river,
some of them ancient Indian stopping
places with archeological and anthro-
pological importance.
There are, Mr. President, other im-
portant reasons for advocating a mora-
torium. We need more time to assess the
possibility of preserving the salmon and
steelhead runs. These contribute not only
to a burgeoning recreation industry for
transient sportsmen, but also to the
pleasure of life in our States for many
thousands of our citizens. Another 10
years should bring us vital answers that
we can only guess at now.
Finally, there is the consideration
which must be given to the likelihood
that nuclear technology will continue
to advance. Its pace in recent years has
been such that a high hydroelectric dam,
without the enhancement of other pub-
lic benefits, might be rendered obsolete
before it is even completed. When there
are so many multipurpose projects that
could be completed in the interim, it
seems hardly sensible to rush to judgment
on building a single purpose-or at
most, a dual purpose--dam in this criti-
cal stretch of the river.
I think it is also important to point
out that there has not been full agree-
ment in the executive branch on the
desirability of a hydroelectric project in
hells Canyon. As recently as November
8, 1968, the Department of Agriculture
recommended to the Federal Power Com-
mission that it not now license a dam
on this stretch of the Snake.
Mr. President, we are not prejudging
the issue in seeking this moratorium. We
a,;k only for sufficient time to make sure
that this great resource is finally dedi-
cated to its highest and best public use.
As Senator JORDAN has pointed out, the
Columbia Basin States are a full gener-
ation behind in resource planning, and First. A 2-year, scientific study of all
we would expect to make good use of this aspects of the sonic boom by the Federal
10-year period. We hope the Congress Aviation Administration in conjunction
will approve the moratorium. with six Federal departments and agen-
INTRODUCTION OF BILLS RELAT-
ING TO AMENDMENTS TO THE
WAR CLAIMS ACT
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I intro-
duce, for appropriate reference, two bills
to amend the War Claims Act of 1948.
The first of these bills (S. 990) would
benefit two classes of claimants who have
not yet received recognition of their
claims. These are, first, refugees from
nazism and other tyrannies who became
citizens of the United States after their
property was seized; and, second, pris-
oners of war and internees who have per-
sonal injury claims. Both these groups
of citizens suffered at the hands of our
enemies and are entitled, in my judg-
ment, to share in the war claims fund
being distributed to these victims.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
be received and appropriately referred.
The bill (S. 990) to amend the War
Claims Act of 1948, as amended, to pro-
vide compensation for certain additional
losses, introduced by Mr. JAVITS, was re-
ceived, read twice by its title, and re-
ferred to the Committee on the Judici-
ary.
Mr. JAVITS. The second bill (S. 941)
would create a preference for religious
and nonprofit groups who suffered losses
during the war. The Senator from
Massachusetts (Mr. KENNEDY) is a co-
sponsor of this measure. Under present
law, only small businesses have a prefer-
ence, and the purpose of my proposal is
simply to put these churches and wel-
fare organizations on the same footing as
private businesses in pressing their
claims. Some of the groups which would
be specifically affected are Yale-in-
China, B'nai Brith, and numerous Cath-
olic and Protestant groups.
When the original War Claims Act was
passed in 1948, small businesses were
given a priority in order to put them in
a better position vis-a-vis big business,
which had already received considerable
tax benefits because of its losses. The
problem of the nonprofit organization,
however, was appparently neglected, and
the purpose of this bill is to remedy the
situation by creating equal priorities for
small business and nonprofit groups.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will
be received and appropriately referred.
The bill (S. 941) to amend section
213(a) of the War Claims Act of 1948
with respect to claims of certain non-
profit organizations, introduced by Mr.
T..,ITS (for himself and Mr. KENNEDY)
ties and the National Academy of
Sciences. Interim and final reports would
be made to the Congress.
Second. That during the period of
study, all nonmilitary, overland flights
which create sonic booms will be banned.
The ban applies to the United States, its
territories, and possessions. This prohi-
bition would stand until Congress decides
whether to permit overland flights of
SST's and, if so, under what conditions.
The SST represents, in the jargon of
the engineer, a quantum jump in tech-
nology. These planes will fly faster than
the speed at which sound travels in the
atmosphere, which is somewhere between
650 and 760 miles per hour, depending
on the temperature at a particular alti-
tude. They also will create sonic booms
which will follow continuously in their
track, be audible for miles on either side
of the SST, and annoy or startle everyone
within earshot.
The danger to the environment from
sonic booms is not just theoretical. The
Russians already are test flying their
TU-144 SST. The French and British
are to test their Concorde SST this year
and may have it in commercial service
within 2 to 3 years. The bigger, faster,
and probably noisier, U.S. SST is pres-
ently undergoing redesign, but still may
be only 5 to 6 years away from commer-
cial duty.
With the commercial supersonic age
so relatively near, it is urgent that proper
safeguards for the public be written into
the law before we are subjected to sonic
bombardment. Effective safeguards do
not presently exist and I include in this
category the wholly inadequate sonic
boom control legislation approved by
Congress last year.
This law suffers from a debilitating
defect-it was based upon inadequate
knowledge of the sonic boom, its effects,
and how it might be harnessed. For ex-
ample, reducing the sonic boom ap-
parently will be a difficult task in itself.
In its 1968 progress report on "Sonic
Boom Generation and Propagation," the
National Academy of Sciences brushed
aside claims that "any major break-
throughs" in minimizing the sonic boom
were on the horizon.
Our knowledge in the area of human
response to the boom is equally woeful.
For example, what will be the cumulative
effect on people of the five to 50 booms
a day predicted by an Interior Depart-
ment study if overland flights at super-
sonic speeds are permitted? No one
by
.,
referred to the Committee on the Judi- about the impact of the boom on many
ciary. other facets of life and the answer would
be about the same: We are not really
sure
S. 942-INTRODUCTION OF A BILL or we plain do not know.
DEALING WITH SONIC BOOMS But what we do know of the sonic
boom is not at all reassuring. For ex-
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, on behalf ample, in Oklahoma City about 27 per-
of the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. cent of the people who underwent daily
CASE) I introduce, for appropriate refer- sonic bombardment as part of a limited
ence, a bill to deal with the sonic booms test found the experience intolerable,
that will be generated a few years hence even though the time of the booms was
by commercial supersonic transports. announced in advance. Sonic booms can
My bill provides- and do cause physical damage, including
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El UNCLASSIFIED E] i1cr nN v I 1 CONFIDENTIAL M CrrDCT
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
FROM:
Deputy Director of Personnel
5E-56 Headquarters
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)
1. Office of Legislative
Counsel 7D-35 HQ
LJ
OFFICER'S
INITIALS
17 MAR 1969
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)
We find S.939 to amend the
Higher Education Act of 1965. to
provide for a United States
Foreign Service Corps, of great
interest. If enacted it could
serve as an excellent source of
original recruitment as well as
a vehicle to provide graduate
training for employees.
We would be interested in
your estimate of the likelihood
that this bill may receive
favorable consideration. Are
we as an Agency prepared to take
a position on it?
Deputy Director of Personnel
FORM USE S 3-62 61O EDITIO ^ SECRET
^
INTERNAL
CONFIDENTIAL ^ UNCLASSIFIED
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For those receiving under-
graduate degrees, it appears that
they will be assigned to
interested Departments and
Agencies based on established,
requirements and to the extent
possible in accordance with the
preferences of members of the
Corps. It appears, however, that
if a Corps member has completed
study for a graduate degree and
is assigned for one year of
specialized study abroad he
shall, at the conclusion of the
study, be appointed as a Foreign
Service Officer by the Secretary
of State without the usual
examination. Does this appointment
as a Foreign Service Officer apply
only to those who specifically
elect to enter the Foreign ervice?
25X1