U. S. DENIES RESPONSIBILITY FOR TIGER CAGES AT CONSON

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP72-00337R000300070030-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 12, 2003
• Sequence Number: 30
• Publication Date: July 8, 1970
• Content Type: NSPR

ooroved For Release 2003/08/08 : - P 2- 37R000300070030-6
WASHINGT ON POST DATE ~~-` - 0 PAGi
"U.S. Denies Responsibility
For `Tiger Cages' at Conson
By Robert G. Kaiser
Washington Post Foreign Service
SAIGON, July 7-An Ameri-
can spokesman said tonight
that U.S. officials had been
aware of "tiger cages" -at the
prison on Conson Island, and
had "discussed this with Viet-
namese officials." But the
my lip zippered," and declined criminals and political prison-1
to comment further. He ac-lers, including suspected Viet-
companied Reps. Hawkins and tong, has a reputation as a
t
i
o
t
Anderson on their vis
Conson.
The tropical island, which
houses more than. 9,000 civil
sort of Vietnamese Devil's Is-
land.
See EMBASSY, A12, Col. 3
spokesman went to extraordi-
nary length to disassociate the
U.S. mission from the opera-
tion of the Vietnamese prison
system.
In a press conference con-
vened hastily at 11 p.m. Sai-
gon time, Roy W. Johnson of
the embassy information staff
read a statement which said:
"The United States mission
is aware of shortcomings in
the corrections program here
in Vietnam. Our advisory of-1
fort and assistance are de-1
signed to help the Vietnamese
government to the extent pos-
sibly we -can to improve their
system as rapidly and com-
pletely as possible ..."
"Of course," the statement
concluded, "the control of this
system rests with the Ministry
of Interior of the Vietnamese
government. Specifically, there
is no (American) public safety
adviser stationed at Conson."
Two U.S. congressmen who
visited the prison at Conson
last Thursday reported in
Washington yesterday that
conditions there were "shock-
ing."
Reps. William R. Anderson
(D?Tenn.) and Augustus F.
Hawkins (D-Calif.) said men
and women prisoners were
kept in the windowless,
crowded tiger cages for.. long
periods of time. Some had lost
gressmen said..
In response to a question,
Johnson said here today, "I
am denying (American) re-
sponsibility for tiger cages."
He added that Frank E.
Walton, a former deputy
police chief in Los Angeles
who is the chief American pub-
lic safety adviser here, and his
staff have "urged strongly
that a detailed investigation
be made and any needed
corrections be made" at Con-
son. Johnson said this recom-
mendation was made before
the current publicity.
Reached by telephone this
afternoon, Walton said he
had. been instructed "to keep
EMBASSY, From Al Council of Churches who
-speaks fluent Vietnamese re-
In a mimeograplked' ? fact leased a report on his visit to
sheet about the prison, Wal- the prison with Reps. Hawkins
ton referred to its unsavory and Anderson.
reputation, saying, "In the The American, Don Luce,
opinion with lengthy the penology a y 35, was director of the ' Interna-
ex
or-
e, tional Voluntary Service or-
experience, "Conson is not ot a ganization in Vietnam for six
Devil's is a Island correct but the cou institu- - years until 1967, when he re-
trary
tion tion worthy of higher ratings signed to protest the war and
than some prisons in the U.S. policy here. He has
United States." been investigating prisons in
South Vietnam for several
U.S. Contribution months, and tried unsuccess-
The embassy's prepared fully to get to Conson before
statement said that during the two congressmen took him
the last fiscal year, the United along as an interpreter.
States contributed $442,000 to The new charges about con-
the Vietnamese penal system, ditions on Conson came at a
primarily for construction of time when prison conditions
new facilities. and torture by police have be.
Johnson said that there al- come a public issue in Saigon.
ready had been improvements The issue has been pressed by
made at Conson, and "possibly students, including demonstra-
by Asian standards the prisons tors from Saigon University
aren't that bad." and a group of young people
"I think the entire situation jailed several years ago who
he the island has as improved," ed,
he said, "maybe not that parti- were recently released from
Conson.
1 e (he tiger cages) ...
ar
ment this diet, they added,
they ate leaves, grass, fleas
and beatles.
"For toilet paper," they said,
"we'had to use a small scrap
of cloth ripped from a shirt or
pants pocket, which we care-
fully washed out with urine so
it could be used again and
again."
These former political :pris-
oners were all avowed oppo-
nents of the regime, and they
expressed pride at their defi-
ance of the authorities.
Luce, in his report, said
prison officials attempted to
hide the tiger cage section of
the prison from the congress-
men. But former inmates that
Luce had interviewed had told
him where the small door
leading to the section was lo-
cated.
After interviewing men in
one section of tiger cages, the
visitors moved to an adjacent
building where they found
female prisoners in similar
conditions. Luce wrote this de-
scription of an exchange with
one prisoner.
" `How old are you,' I asked
one beautiful girl.
"'Eighteen.'
"'Are you a student?'
`No, I am a labgrdr. I
worked in a factory.'
`Why were you arrestedT''
'I was in a peace demon-
stration.'
"'Are you a Communist?'
"At- this, the young girl
laughed at what seemed to her
an irrelevant question.
" 'No, I'm not a Communist.
I am not concerned about poli-
ties. I am concerned about
peace.'
cu ar
They tell me in many ways Torture and mistreatment of
it (Conson Prison) is ahead prisoners is "taken for
of many advanced penal insti- granted" by most Vietnamese,
tutions," Johnson said. He said one thoughtful editor ob-
he thought "about 500 people" served tonight. Such mistreat-
were imprisoned in the tiger ment has been common at
cages. least since the days of French
The U.S. public safety advis- domination, Vietnamese say.
ere are part of the pacification In recent weeks, both Presi-
program, directed by Ambas- dent Thieu and Premier Tran
sador William Colby. Johnson Thien Khiem have made state-
was asked if Colby was con- ments interpreted by Vietnam
cerned. about the situation at ese as admissions that Saigon
Conson. - police had tortured students
"He's been concerned about who were arrested during
it for the last several hours," demonstrations this spring.
Johnson replied with a smile. The government has promised
Johnson had no comment to bring half a dozen police-
When asked if revelations men to trial on charges of tor-
about Conson's tiger cages had turing students.
any effect on previous U.S. Five Vietnamese students
protests to North Vietnam recently released from Conson
about the treatment of Amer- testified last month before a
ican prisoners of war. . He committee of the Vietnamese
said that there were no prison- House of Representatives.
ers of war in the Conson pris- Food in the tiger cage, they
on, only political and crimi- said, consisted of rice, often
nal prisoners. riddled with sand and pebbles,
and a form of dried fish which
Luce's Report "people in- S o u t h Vietnam
Meanwhile, an . American often buy . . . to use as com-
" 'Will you salute the flag?'
The guard who was standing
beside me demanded.
" `No! no, I will not not sa-
lute your flag which repre-
sents all the things you have
done to me,' she answered de-
fiantly.
"Then you are a Commu.
nist and should be killed,' the
guard retorted in equally bit-
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July 8, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Calculated population
Population,
mid-1969
----- -- -
1980
-
2000
31. Romania___________________
20
24
35
32. Congo (Kinshasa)-----------
17
22
35
33. Peru_______
13
18
34
34. Afghanistan_
17
21
33
35. Algeria____________________
13
18
32
36, Tanzania___________________
13
18
31
37. Taiwan____________________
14
18
31
38. Yugoslavia_________________
20
23
29
39. Venezuela__________________
10
15
28
40. Malaysia___________________
it
15
28
Annual rate
of growth
as of 1969
(percent)
41. Kenya--------------------
42. Ceylon---------------------
Rest of Asia----------------
R est of Africa______________
Rest of Latin America_______
Rest of Europe______________
Canada--------------------
Oceania____________________
Note: Data supplied by Dr. Raymond Ewell ce president for research, State University of New York at Buffalo.
DATA II.-TIME REQUIRED TO DOUBLE A P ULATION
majority of the American peop
4.0------_..----------------------------
3.5----------- ---------------------------
3.0------------- -------------------------
2.5--------------------------------------
2.0---------------------- ----------------
1.5--------------------------------------
1.0--------------------------------------
- Note: To maintain the same standard of living for its peeopPle
a country must double its output of goods and services (GNP)
in the same time period that population doubles. To improve
standards of living, it most more than double its GNP in the
same time period.
Income of husband and
education of woman
Total married women living
with husband-___.'___________
Income of husband:
None -
$1 to $f,1599 or less _
13,000 to $3,999 --------------
000
`
number of children
ever bord per woman 35
to 3d years old in 1960
2.9 3.
3.1 4i
le feel
dissatisfied or alienated from the Con-
gress, then it is high time for this insti-
A positive step by thbe
tution to act to remeZpubblic Condit'
passage of the LegislRem iza-
tion Act of 1970, soon pon
by the full House, anthe
Mouse of H.R. 1074 oills
6~1at would require kee ec-
Whole. -
niz is, in some respects,
my are we ill equipped to
Xseves dg t the Ho use as pres-
modern-day problems, but
and procedures which guide
ct are outdated and, even
e are undemocratic. I speak
of thelack of record votes in
tee of the Whole. This prac-
0th to debilitate the demo-
cratic proce and to cause confusion,
suspicion, an mistrust among our con-
stituents,
The practice of nonrecord voting in
the Committee f the Whole developed
in England cen uries ago to protect
999 __ __ 2. 2.8
$5,000 to $6
17 00$9 _ 2.8
11,000 t to $14,9?9--:_:_: 6 2.4
415,000 and over 7 2.7
Total women ever married ------_ -- { 2.6 3.,1
Years of school completed:
No school years completed__4.1 4.1
Elementary:
I to 4 years ---______,__ 3.8 4. 0
5 to 7 years --------- t 3.3 3.8
8 years -------------' ---- 2.9 3.3
High school:
1to3years - / ----- 2.7 3.1
4_?ears __ 2.5 2;5
to 3 years-- '------------ 2.5
4years ----- / _ 2.4
5 or,more__;. --__ ___ 2.1
Note- Th
eiices for j
are not s
pattern)
Vol, 2,
incoml
Z.Z
1._9
1.5
0
2
5
4
4
0
3
.5
-.6
fee-La are from the f960`census`because differ
rresponding groups from the January 1969 CPS
terry` similar To that for 1960. (See 1960 report 3A of
omen by Number of Children Ever Born, table 37 on
of husband, and table 25on education of woman,)
RECORD VOTES IN THE COMMITrTEI
Or THE WHOLE
The SPEA$ER.pro tempore. Under a
evious order of the douse the gentle-
Iakl from New XQrk (MALPERN)
recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. H LPERN. Mr. .Speaker the US.
S
]EEouse of Representatives has been much
.Criticized in recent months by scholars,
journalists, and Members of this body.
A recent survey by 'pollster Louis Harris
showed that 54, percent of the American
people view Congress negatively, theTlow-
est 'rating in the last 5 years. When a
the system to prov'cle for record votes.
however, has yet to form itself in this
regard and is decade behind our Eng-
lish counterparts. By contrast, in the
other body of the Con ess there is al-
most always a rollcal1 on any major
measure.
The Committee of the hole is sim-
ply another committee o the House,
though much larger, with me Member
other than the Speaker pres ing. There
are, however, significant dill ences be-
4weei thq,Cohuni,ttee's prose ures and
that of the House, particularl : a quo-
rum of 100 Members rather t n 218;
amendments defeated in the Co mittee
may not, for all practical purpo s, be
voted upon again; and, finally, r Ieall
'rotes are not allowed? in the Comm tee.
The consequence' of these rules is th t a
handful of men in the Committee n
defeat an ARM, health, poverty, edue -
tion, or some other amendment withou
anyone knowing, except in unsatisfac-
tory ways, who voted for what policy.
That `o`ld but important idea that Repre-
se`ntatives should be held accountable for
their actions is su-
bverted by this prac-
tice of the House.
When the framers of, the US. Consti-
tution drafted that document they _ in-
tended the House tq be closest to he
people. As the well-known historian
Joseph Story pointed out, it was the
Air,
H65
Annual rate -
Calculated population of growth
- - as of 1969
ti
l
a on,
Popu
mid-1969
1980
2000
11
15
27
12
16
26
66
87
142
128
165
260
68
90
151
117
126
145
21
26
39
19
23
35
(percent)
3.0
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.6
.7
2.0
1.8
opinfon of the framers that the House
'Should guard their, the peoples', opin-
ions, make known their wants, redress
their grievances, and introduce a pre-
vading popular influence throughout all
the operations of the Government." The
implementation of these responsibilities
is hampered by the lack of record votes
in the Committee of the Whole, a pro-
cedure that prevents our citizens from
knowing all they have a right to know.
One of the duties of a legislator is to
represent the interests of the people who
elected him. In many cases, however,
the represented are not sure where their
Representative stands on a question of
public policy. This confusion arises be-
cause the House is a complex institution
with intricate parliamentary rules, nu-
merous committees and subcommittees,
and dispersed leadership. A legislator
may, for whatever reason, feel obligated
to vote one way in committee, another
in the Committee of the Whole, or vote
still a third way on a rollcall vote. Only
rollcall votes on the floor, of the House
are a matter of public record. Requiring
votes in the Committee of the Whole,
would be a step toward further demo-
cratization of House procedures by mak-
ing visible and public an aspect of the
legislative process that citizens need and
expect to know about.
Why is it important to our constitu-
ents that record votes be taken in the
Committee of the Whole? The answer is
simple. Every American citizen is af-
fected by the decisions of Congress in
areas such as housing, education, health,
poverty, or tax policy. When issues so
vital -to the Nation are discussed and
voted upon, every citizen should have the
right to know who supported and who
opposed what bills at every stage of the
legislative process. This is denied them
because current House rules prohibit rec-
ord votes in the Committee of the Whole.
Yet amendments may be adopted or re-
jected in this Committee that can change
the character and direction of national
policy. Should our constituents and col-
leagues not be privy to this vital infor-
mation? This question can only be an-
swered with a strong affirmative.
Secrecy has no place in a legislative
body that serves the people. It is ob-
vious that procedures do affect policies,
and when a procedure can serve to thwart
the public will or deny it the information
it needs in order to make judgments
-about its elected 'Representatives, then
it is time for- a change. The positive
change I advocate is the requirement of
record votes in the Committee of the
Whole. I would add, Mr. Speaker, that
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6502
there has always been a question in my
mind as to the constitutionality of deny-
ing a record vote in the Committee of
the Whole if one-fifth of the House is
in favor of such a vote. The reason for
this suspicion is obvious : the Constitu-
tion guarantees a yea-and-nay vote if,
oone-fifth of the House desires it.
TRIBUTE TO BILL TILSON, OF -
MOBILE, ALA.
The SPEAKER pro ternpore. Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Alabama =Mr. EDWARDS) is
recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr.
Speaker, there comes a time in the lives
of many persons who have unselfishly
dedicated, themselves to serving human-
ity when suddenly out of a clear sky they
are accorded public recognition much to
the surprise of no one but themselves.
Such a man is Bill Tilson, of Mobile, Ala.,
who I am privileged to have living in my
congressional district, and whose name
has gained familiarity nationwide as the
individual most responsible for helping
avert what might have been a terrible
toll in lives during Hurricane Camille
last summer.
As head of Mobile's Weather Bureau
office, Tilson, who has been with the
Weather Bureau for 40 years, along wi:h
his capable staff, took the initiative in
warning civil defense directors and other
public safety officials during the early
morning hours of August, 17, 1969, of the
pending force and danger of this killer
storm. The mass exodus from the Ala-
bama and Mississippi coastal areas
brought on by Tilson's repeated warnings
against Camille is credited with saving
countless' lives.
On Friday, July 10, Tilson and his staff
will be duly honored for their outstand-
ing service by being presented the Envi-
ronmental Science Services Administra-
tion's new Unit Citation for Special
Achievement at a special ESSA awards
dinner in Silver Spring, Md. This high
award is but one more tribute for tie
exemplary work performed by Bill Til-
son and his staff during the Camille dis-
aster. Beyond a doubt, this award syra-
bolizes the highest ideals of humanitar-
ian service to this country. It is well de-
served by those who serve in the Mobile
Weather Bureau,
TAKE PRIDE IN AMERICA
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Ohio (Mr. MILLER) is recog-
nized for-5 minutes.
Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, to-
day we should take note of America's
great accomplishments and in doing so
renew our faith and confidence in our-
selves as individuals and as a nation. The
United States has the greatest accessi-
bility to'television broadcasting in the
world. There are over 600 TV stations in
the United States compared to 130 in the
Soviet Union,
TFE PROBLEM OF MISDEMEANOR
COLLATERAL INVOLVED IN DEM-
ONSTRATIONS
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Tennessee (Mr. BLANTON) is
recognized for 15 minutes.
Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, on June
25, I released the results of a special sur-
vey conducted at my request by Mayor
Walter Washington's office concerning
the problem of misdemeanor collateral
involved in demonstrations here in
Washington, D.C.-CONGRESSIONAL REC-
one, June 26, 1970, pages E5965 to E5967.
One of the most important aspects of
that survey was the fact that more than
80 percent of persons arrested during
demonstrations for a wide variety of of-
fenses forfeited. collateral as low as $5
to $25. It is no wonder violent acts occur
with frequency in these demonstrations,
for there seems to be little deterrent in
the way of possible punishment.
I was somewhat amazed to read in the
Washington Evening Star, Tuesday, of
the announcement by Chief Judge Har-
old H. Greene of the court of general ses-
sions, announcing the rescinding of a
May order increasing the collateral on
misdemeanors arising out of demon-
strations.
I was pleased that Judge Greene asked
his fellow judges to make a eomplete
study of the question of collateral in such
offenses, to determine whether the cur-
rent flexible method is effective. I would
submit, however, that his decision to
lower the collaterar:from $50 to $10 is a
step in the wrong direction, and appears
to me to be especially ill timed in light
of the fact that the most recent protest
demonstrations, occuring over the Fourth
of July weekend, again produced sub-
stantial private and public property dam-
age, and injuries to 24 Metropolitan Po-
lice officers and 17 Park Policemen.
I think we should ask the police officer
who had his jaw broken by one of the
"flower children" involved in the most
recent demonstration, whether he be-
lieves the ridiculously low collateral is a
deterrent. Surely the youth who, pushed
a brick in the face of that officer did not
fear much punishment for his act.
Of the 63 arrests over the Fourth of
July weekend, 21 were allowed free by
paying collateral of $50, and another 19
were released after paying $10 collateral.
Again, let m.e remind my colleagues
what collateral is. Collateral is a fee to be
paid by the arrested individual in lieu of
his arrest. By paying it, that closes the
case if he forfeits. It is in essence a small
fine. It is not bond, since forfeiture of
bond does not close the books on the case.
During the Fourth of July disturbances,
15 youngsters were arrested for throw-
ing missiles at police, and none paid over
$25 in collateral.
Mr. Speaker, my statement of June 26
was meant to be a notice to the local
judges that Congress was aware of the
problem of collateral. Judge Greene has
responded by lowering the collateral, in-
stead of keeping it at least at a more
July 8, 1970
reasonable level. It is clear to me that
Congress, with its special obligation to
the people of this city, needs now to step
in and take away this discretionary
power of the judges to set arbitrarily low
collateral fees for what in some jurisdic-
tions must surely be ranked as more seri-
ous than a fine the equivalent to a park-
ing ticket. If the Metropolitan Police are
to maintain order, and i ~ the local mer-
chants are to have any safety for their
property, and if the local citizens and
tourists are to have any feeling of safety
for their person, then we in Congress
must act, for apparently the judges are
not going to act effectively.
I am preparing legislation which will
correct this matter, and I will be speak-
ing on this matter again in the near
future.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Texas (Mr. GONZALEZ) is rec-
ognized for 15 minutes.
I Mr. GONZALEZ addressed the House.
His remarks will appear hereafter in the
Extgnsipns of Remarks.I
PPLEMENTAL VIEWS ON SOUTH-
EAST ASIA INVESTIGATION
(Mr. ANDERSON of Tennessee asked
and was given permission to extend his
remarks at this point in the RECORD and
to include extrangous matter.)
LOGISTIC SANCTUARIES
Mr. ANDERSON of Tennessee. Mr.
Speaker, the comments relative to logistic
sanctuaries are submitted at the risk of
belaboring a very obvious point.
Two-thirds of the war materials and
very important food imports sustaining
the North Vietnamese war effort arrive
by sea' through the pons of Haiphong.
While our own intelligence was slow to
ascertain the fact, it is now apparent that
most of the materials in the Cambodian
sanctuaries arrived not via the Ho Chi
Minh Trail but by sea through Sihanouk-
ville. As impressive as were the quan-
tities of supplies taken by U.S. and ARVN
forces in Cambodia, the entire quantity,
nonetheless, could be replaced by one
shipload. Fortunately, the South Viet-
namese Navy is now trying to seal off the
Cambodian coast. This is one of the most
important steps taken in the war to date.
War supplies and food are shipped to
North Vietnam by the Soviet Union, Red
China, and other nations. By far the more
important source is the Soviet Union and
the satellite nations, to whom the North
Vietnamese have their strongest ideo-
logical and other ties. The Vietnamese do
not trust mainland China.
While it is very apparent that North
Vietnam wants South Vietnam for its
own purposes, the ability of the north to
sustain the war is very much dependent
on the logistics train arriving by sea from
the Soviet Union, and others. The ports
requisite to the functioning of this train,
mainly Haiphong at this point, comprise
a logistics sanctuary of infinitely greater
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magnitude than the entire network' of
Cambodian supply, caches.
hus ~it.js~perhaps not an oversimpli-
ff ea lqn to view the war as one in which
the" and Red Chinese are exploit--
ing the .;incredibly adept, North Viet-
na,mese f ungle fighters as willing puppets
to perpetuate the t ing .down of 'U.S.
forces and ~ all, that, irlyolves=tents of
thousands of lives lost-a large part, of
our national resources spent-La rising
domestic. dissect -arid a military estab
lishment.whose. v eapons are being worn
out ata time when they shoud be mod
eriiized and replaced for the even more
dangerous confrontations which ma,y lie
ahead. As is alt'oetlier obvious,;the Sov
lets are modernizing an,d extending their
weapons at a furious pace-particularly
their sea ppgqwer.
It is difficlt, for this Member ra-
tionalize the* situat on where snore an
300 American servicemen, die to: t e a
shipload of enemy arms and sup lies
hidden in Cambodia while scores ore-
placement shiploads are permitted to
proceed unimpeded and unchallenged
into Haiphong. We are willing to com-
mit, American bogs to the ultimate risk
of death in the Jungle, without should-
ering in a national sense, a portion of
that risk-the risk involved iiidemand-'
ing that the huge sea logistic train to the
north be stopped. If it comes to it, naval
authorities agree that Haiphong Harbor
could be easily closed, probably without
loss of life, by mining, sinking a hulk
aer.oss the entrance, or by other means
More than likely, this could be accom-
plished by South Vietnamese forces.
If South Vietnam were willing. andsuc-
cessful in taking that step, :the rate
of. Vietnaniization of the war, and there-
fore. the U.S. troop withdrawal' timetable,
could proceed at least twice as fast as
currently planned.
The preferable course of action, how-'
ever, would be the achievement' of new
U.S. conference table initiatives vis-a-
vis the Soviet Union. Virtually, the en-'
tire world would applaud a bilateral
agreement which would lead toy an early
negotiatedpeace and the substitution of
economic aid for military aid to Vietnam
on the part of both the United States anii,
the Soviet Union, in order to rebuild
that war. torn nation, south and north.
the Soviet Union has a moral responsi-
bility to take part a, part in the Paris
peace talks for this purpose.
SOUTH VIETNAMESE VIEWPOINT OF U.S.
As.pointed out in the section on com-
munications; in the -basic report, the
United States and the Government. of
South Vietnam have not been very effec-
tive in explaining the U.S. presence to
the Vietnamese people outside of the
Government and the armed forces. `One
gains the impression that while some
Vietnamese 'citizens are genuinely, aap-
preciative of U.S. assistance, the ma-
jority are not. In some ,respects this at-
titude pervades the highest echelons of
Government. This member Vas S}lr?-
prised to hear President Thieu express,
the rationale that the French l.ad been
there, now the Americans-the Ameri--
. cons would probably not be the last--
there might be three or four other
nations in the future. One could not
help but gain the impression that our
assistance is viewed as a somewhat nec-
essary expedient, but of only passing
significance.
Closely related to the casual attitude
toward U.S. assistance, is a lack of sensi-
tivity within the Thieu government re-
garding domestic U.S. concern over the
war and the phasing out of U.S. forces.
This lack of sensitivity unfortunately
seems to be shared by some in civilian
components of the U.S. ambassadorial
country team. It is with a deep sense of
personal regret to so report, but this
member feels a moral obligation to sug-
gest that we have arrived at a juncture
where the necessary leverage upon the
Thieu government for rapid Vietnamiza-
tion and urgently required economic and
other reforms can only be -applied
through new U.S. ambassadorial leader-
ship in Saigon. Ambassador Bunker is -a
superb American who has rendered vast
service to his country. The foregoing
comments should not be interpreted _as
derogatory in. any respect. It is merely
an effort to appraise a difficult, confus-
ing, and rapidly changing situation real-
istically: Any other person, no matter
how able, would equally have been forced
into a position of diminishing alterna-
tives in dealing with the government
of a nation seeking self-determination
under such difficult circumstances.
CON SON NATIONAL PRISON
By virtue of U.S. aid involvement in
the South Vietnamese national prison
system, this Member was one of two who
visited Con on National Prison. While
there, partially due to advance intelli-
gence, but mainly through happenstance,
we gained admittance to a prison com-
pound known as the "tiger cage" area.
The treatment of South Vietnamese
civilian prisoners in this area can only
be described as inhumane and shockilig.
Throughout the prison severe problems
of malnutrition, vitamin, deficiencies,
tuberculosis and .otl],er deficiencies, of
deep concern exist. A_ detailed report of
conditions is contained, in the supple-
mentary views of Congressman HAWKINS.
While one may legitimately argue as
to the basic wisdom of our involvement, in
that nation's prison system, we are, none-
theless, involved. What we must do now
is to insist on immediate prison reforms
i,n, the name of humaneness,, and im-
mediate reforms to, the South Vietnamese
legal processes in the name of justice.
setting aside for a moment the humane
factors, any system where a citizen can
be jailed and held 2 years without trial
by little more than an administrative
action of the part of a Provincial council
is bound to involve some innocent people
and to be counterproductive to self-
determination of government and
to viable anti-Communist democratic
Because we are already involved and
because of this Nation's dedication to
justice and humane treatment of all, we
canndt stop at the mere insistence of re-
form-we must provide suitable advisers
and suitable material resources to carry
out those reforms if we are to continue
to support the existing Saigon govern-
ment.
(Mr. KOCH asked and was given per.
mission to extend his remarks at this
A 6503
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter) [Mr. KOCH'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.]
TAX EXEMPTION ON THE FIRST
$500 OF INTEREST RECEIVED
FROM SAVINGS ACCOUNT DE-
POSITS IN LENDING INSTITU-
TIONS -
(Mr. TAFT asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, the greatest
roadblock to meeting the housing needs
of the 1970's presently is in the avail-
ability of mortgage money for homes.
The President has made clear the high
priority which the administration at-
taches to various programs to assist in
the production of needed housing. The
1971 budget contemplates outlays of $3,-
781,000 for community development and
housing but the housing needs are so
great that this deals with only a small
percentage of the mortgage problem. Al-
though the administration realizes the
housing industry faces a crisis, more as-
sistance must be given to thrift insti-
tutions which specialize in home mort-
gages. Savings and Loans have been pro-
viding about 45 percent of all the home
loan money in the United States. Unless
enough funds are saved in savings and
loan associations and other financial in-
stitutions which similarly engage in the
financing of homes, our housing crisis
is going to be with us for a long time.
Anything short of providing increased
deposits to these institutions would only
serve a short-term emergency purpose.
Today, I am introducing a measure
aimed at shoring up the housing market
by excluding from gross income the first
$500 of interest received from savings
account deposits in lending institutions.
Such a tax incentive would provide an
immediate spur for investment in these
institutions by indirectly raising the ef-
fective yield to the small and middle
saver to a very attractive level. Of course
in fairness it should be pointed out that
exempting the first $500 of earnings paid
to savers might mean a revenue loss to
the U.S. Treasury initially of approxi-
mately $1 billion annually. However, I am
sure that this figure would be more than
offset by increased taxes stimulated from
the added employment in the building
trades, and it would certainly reduce the
need for additional Federal appropria-
tions to subsidize housing under the
many. Federal programs which are cur-
rently under consideration. A tax ex-
emption for savers would encourage
people to save more and this would tend
to break the inflationary trend in the
economy and would certainly be the best
means of solving the crisis the housing
industry faces in the 1970's.
The bill follows:
"H.R. 18362
A bill to exclude from gross income the first
$500 of interest received from savings ac-
count deposits in lending institutions
Be it enacted ty the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of Amer-
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 116504
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 8, 1A T
toe ,:n Congress assembled, That part III of
su'chapter B of chapter I of the Internal
lt,evenue Code of 1954 (relating to items
s ,pecifically excluded from gross income) is
amended by redestgnating section 123 as
section 124 and by Inserting after section 122
the following new section:
"Sec. 123 Dividends From Savings Account
Deposits In Lending Institutions.
"(11) GENERAL RULE.-Gross income does
not include amounts received by, or credited
to the account of, a taxpayer as dividends or
Interest on savings deposits or withdrawab"e
savings accounts in lending institutions as
this term is defined by section 581 of part I
of subchapter H of chapter 1 and by section
591 of part II of subchapter. H of chapter 1.
"yb) LIamavION.-The exclusion allowed
to each taxpayer under this section shall In
the aggregate not exceed $500 for any taxable
year, and shall be allowed only once for
taxpayers filing a joint return."
SEc. 2. The amendments made by this Act
shall apply only with respect to taxable years
ending after the date of enactment of this
Act.
FARM LABOR HOUSING
LEGISLATION
(Mr. TUNNEY asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
paint in the RECORD.)
Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, farm-
workers are among the lowest paid of
any working group in the country. They
also live in some of the worst. housing.
Migrant farmworkers, especially, are
relegated to some of the most unsanitary
living conditions and shelters known
anywhere. That we as a people, and a
government, should allow this to hap-
pen-yes, even condone it-is criminal.
Some efforts to solve the problem have
been attempted, but they are only
scratching the surface. In my own State,
the California Office of Economic Oppor-
tunity, with financial assistance froln'the
U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity,
have constructed over 2,000 temporary
structures which are used by migrants
during the harvest seasons. But they only
provide minimum shelter, and California
is the only State in which they have been
built. The only other Federal Govern-
ment agency attempting to solve the
problem is the Farmers Home Admin:is-
tration.
Since 1962, that agency has been au-
thorized to make loans at 5-percent in-
terest to owners of farms, associations of
farmers, States or their political subdi-
visions, and to public and private non-
profit organizations.
Since 1965, that agency has been au-
thorized to provide grants of up to
two-thirds of the total development costs
of a project to States and their political
subdivisions and public and private non-
profit organizations. These funds are
earmarked to provide needed housing for
our farmworker population.
Since 1962, over $60 :million has been
made available for loans and over $16
million has been appropriated for grants.
AA little over 4,000 units have been re- Today I am introducing legislation to
paired or constructed for families of revamp and expand the farm labor hous-
farmworkers and other units have'been ing program.
repaired or constructed which will house First, this legislation would authorize
over 4,000 individual workers. The need nonprofit organizations of farmwork-
for more and better housing is, of course, ers to be eligible to receive loans and
many times greater than this. Why, then, grants for constructing or repairing low-
has the program not done better? rent housing and would :revoke a Farm-
The grant program was originated so ers Home Administration decision that
that organizations could provide housing only public bodies would be eligible for
at a rent that farm workers could afford. grants.
Congress authorized that grants could Second, it would authorize grants for
be made for up to two-thirds of the de- up to 90 percent of the total cost of a
velopment cost of the project. In the first farm labor housing proje;t.
appropriations act, however, the coin- Third, it would recommend that
mittee strongly voiced its opposition to chartered nonprofit organizations be al-
grants which would exceed 50 percent, lowed to build farm labor housing any-
To date, of the 16 organizations that where within the State of its incorpora-
have received grants, only five have been tion where a need can be established.
in excess of 50 percent. With large Fourth, the bill recommends that,
loans to repay, because of this restriction whenever possible, farm labor housing be
on grants, many organizations probably constructed for year-round living.
find it economically impossible to enter
the farm labor housing field. In areas
where farm labor is not needed year-
around, a grant of two-thirds of the to-
tal development cost may not be suffi-
cient to enable the organization to
charge reasonable rents for income to
pay back the loans required for the bal-
ance of the costs.
Another problem which will tend to
retard the program even more, is a deci-
sion by the Farmers Home Administra-
tion to exclude all organizations except
public bodies from receiving grants. This
seems to be directly contrary to intent of
the original legislation.
In many areas where farm labor hous-
ing is needed, public housing author-
ities-the only public bodies who have
thus far received grants-do not exist. or
are not sensitive to farm workers' needs.
To date, several broad based organiza-
tions have received grants, but adminis-
trative regulations required them to
have a majority of their directors live
within the geographic area of the site
of the project and the farms on which
the laborers work.
The most fatal flaw of the program is
that the ultimate beneficiaries of the
program, the farmworkers themselves,
are ineligible as a group to receive the
funds. Prior to passage of the legislation,
the Farmers Home Administration rec-
ommended that groups of farmworkers
b- the only private organization eligible
to receive grants, but on the other hand
recommended that farmworkers not be
eligible for loans since they already were
covered under the regular homeowner-
ship program, as individuals.
These are but a few of the roadblocks,
either built into the legislation or sub-
sequently placed there by the adminis-
tration, that prevent it from solving the
problems that Congress intended. There
are undoubtedly many more, not the least
of which is the exhaustive application re-
quirements that must be met prior to re-
coiving these funds.
If our Nation's farmworkers are to
from this pi o ram to the extent
'-fit
tragic realities of the program are,
however, that of these funds only about Congress intended, then perhaps it is
time that Congress reexamined it. If mis-
.' 36 million has been made in. loans and takes have been made, then there is still
$12 million has been :made in grants. time to correct them. But time is running
'Thus, the program as a whole is operat- out, for the condition of the housing in
'bog at less than 40 percent of its which the farrworkers live, is growing
authority. worse, not better.
:LEAVE OF ABSENCE
By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
sence was granted to:
Mr. PEPPER, for the balance of the
week, on account of official business.
Mr. DENNEY (at the request of Mr.
GERALD R. FORD), for July 8 and 9, on
account of official business as a member
of the House Committee on Crime.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legisla-
tive program and any special-orders here-
tofore entered, was granted:
Mr. PuciNSKl, for 30 minutes, today,
to revise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous material.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. FISH) to revise and extend
their remarks and to include extraneous
material:)
Mr. Busg, for 5 minutes, today.
Mr. HALPERN, for 5 minutes, today.
Mr. E-SWARDS of Alabama, for 5 min-
utes, today.
Mr. MILLER of Ohio, for 5 minutes,
today.
Mr. SCxADESERG, for 15 minutes, Thurs-
day, July 9.
' Mr. TAF'r, for 15 minutes, Thursday,
July 9.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. JONES of Tennessee) to ad-
dress the House and to revise and extend
their remarks and include extraneous
matter:)
Mr. B1.ANTON, for 15 minutes, today.
Mr. GONZALEZ, for 10 minutes, today.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS,
By unanimous coriser:t, permission to
revise and extend remarks was granted
to:
Mr. 131v INS of Tennessee (at the request
Of Mr. MATSUNA(;A), to revise and extend
his remarks following those of Mr. MA-
SsuwAGA during general debate today.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. FrsH) and to include ex-
traneous material:)
Mr. DERWINSKI in two instances.
Mr. DuxcAN in two instances.
Mr. BRAY in two instances.
Mr. SHRIVEN.
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United States
of America
Vol. 116
con re 06 IR
9 . ssiona - ccord
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 9 I St CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
WASIINGTON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1970
House of Representatives
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch,
D.D? offered the following prayer:
Every good tree bringeth forth good
fruit.-Matthew 7: 17.
We open our minds unto Thee, our
Father, and pray that Thy spirit may
come anew into our hearts, giving us
power for the living of these days. Re-
move from within us any bitterness that
blights our lives, any resentment that
ruins our dispositions, and any worry
that wearies us and wears, us out.
Help us to think cleanly and clearly,
to speak forcefully and faithfully,' to
work heartily and hopefully, and to live
trustfully and truly. In this spirit may
we learn to do what is best for our
country and good for our world.
In the spirit of Christ we pray. Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings o
yesterday was read and approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESI7ENT
A message in writing from the Presi-
dent of the United States was communi-
cated to the. House by Mr. Leonard, one
of his secretaries.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE,
A message from the Senate by Mr.
Arrington, one of its clerks, announced
that the Senate had passed without
amendment a joint resolution of the
House of the following title:
H.J. Res. 1284. Joint resolution authorising
the President's. Commission on Campus Un-
rest to compel the attendance and testimony
of witnesses and the production of evidence,
and'for other purposes.
The message also announced that the
Senate had passed with amendments in
which the concurrence of the House is
requested, bills of the House of the fol-
lowing titles:
N.R. 5365. An act to provide for the con-
vcyance of certain public lands held under
co'or of title to lyirs,, Jessie L. Galne4 of
Motile, Ala.; and
H.R. 17546, An act making appropriations
for sundry independent executive bureaus,
boards, coinmissions, corporations, agencies,
of5ces, and the Department of Housing and
Urban Development for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1971, and for other purposes.
The message also announced that the
Senate insists upon its amendments to
the bill (HR. 17548) entitled "An act
making appropriations for sundry inde-
pendent executive bureaus, boards, com-
missions, corporations, agencies,, offices,
and the Department of Housing and
Urban Development for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1971, and for other pur-
poses," requests a conference with the
House on the disagreeing votes of the
two Houses thereon, and appoints Mr.
PASTORE, Mr. MAGNUSON, Mr. ELLENDER,
Mr, HOLLAND, Mr. ANDERSON, Mr. ALLOTT,
Mrs. SMITH Cf Maine, Mr. HRUSKA, and
Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota to be the
conferees on the part cf the Senate.
The message also announced that the
Senate insists upon its amendment to the
bill (H.R. 16595) entitled "An act to au-
thorize appropriations for activities of
the National Science Foundation, and for
other purposes," disagreed to by the
House; agrees to the conference asked by
the House on the disagreeing votes of the
two Houses thereon, and appoints Mr.
KENNEDY, Mr. PELL, Mr. EAGLETON, Mr.
PROUTY, and Mr. DoMINICK to be the con-
ferees on the part of the Senate.
The message also announced that the
Senate had passed a bill of the following
title, in which the concurrence of the
House is requested:
S. 3838. An act to prevent the unauthorized
manufacture and use of the character
"Johnny or''zo ", and for other purposes.
iI J
L
SUPPLEMENTAL VIEWS ON SOUTH-
EAST ASIA INVESTIGATION
Mr. ANDERSON, of Tennessee. Mr.
Speaker, I have two unanimous-con-
sent requests to make. One is that my
supplemental views on the investigation
in Southeast Asia by the select commit-
tee be included in that report as a sup-
plemental report; and, second, that my
supplemental views be included in the
RECORD as of today so that the readers
nay have those views available to them.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ten-
nessee?
There was no objection.
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DEPRAVED TREATMENT OF PRIS-
ONERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM
(Mr. TUNNEY asked and was given
permission to address the House for
1 minute, and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, the revela-
tions in the last couple of days that have
been brought out to the Nation by my
colleagues, the gentleman from Tennes-
see (Mr. ANDERSON), and the gentleman
from California (Mr. HAWKINS), regard-
ing Con Son prison and the depraved
treatment of POW's and political prison-
ers shows very clearly that it is not just
the North Vietnamese and the Vietcong
who treat in such a fashion people of
their own race and of their own nation
with whom they are at war. It is also
the Saigon Government which partic-
ipates in cruel and inhuman handling of
their prisoners.
The fact that U.S. dollars are support-
ing such an effort and ,the fact that
American advisers are over there advis-
ing the Vietnamese makes it clear how
far you can have a bureaucracy become
completely insensate to the problems of
man's inhumanity to man.
I am afraid that this is another exam-
ple of what this Asian wax has done to
our spirit as a nation. I want to make it
very clear that I do not think it is the
fault of the Nixon administration any
more than I think it is the fault of the
Johnson administration. But I think the
fault lies in the endeavor-this military
endeavor-which can lead a moral
nation like the United States-a generous
nation like the United States and allow
its visions of charitable sacrifice to pro-
duce monsters.
This, it seems to me, necessitates a
Presidential commission to go over and
take a look at what is going on in Con
Son, and other political prisons in South
Vietnam so that when we speak about
inhuman treatment of American prison-
ers of war, we may speak with the
knowledge that we are doing everything
we can to keep the Vietnamese-be they
South Vietnamese or North Vietnamese-
to keep prisoners from being treated in-
humanly in our prisons or in prisons
sponsored by our client government in
Saigon.
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(Mr,: KOCH asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, to revise and extend his remarks and
include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. KOCH addressed the House. His
remarks will appear hereafter in the Ex.-
tensions of Remarks.]
THE PLIGHT OF THE VETERANS'
ADMINISTRATION HOSPITALS
(Mr. WOLFS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I recently
attended a tour of the Kingsbridge VA
Hospital. This tour was part of the in-
vestigation which was undertaken by the
house Veterans' Affairs Committee. Both
the committee headed by Mr. TEAGUE and
the Subcommittee on Hospitals headed
by Mr. HALEY have devoted considerable
man-hours to probing what is happening
with the Nation's VA hospitals. What
they found is shocking;, especially in New
York VA hospitals.
As Mr. TEACUE noted:
The Vietnam veteran has contributed
enough when he fights the shooting war and
he should not be expected to fight the in-
flation war at the expense of his health.
Yet. I have seen the heroes of battles
living in continual tragedy.
We are not doing all we can when we
allot 11,000 beds in New York VA hos-
pitals to serve more than 21/2 million
veterans. And we are shirking our duty
when we permit our New York VA hos-
pitals to be short staffed by more than
3,300 hospital personnel.
Can you believe our veterans' hospitals
have half the attendants that private
hospitals have to care for paraplegics-
men who cannot move. Are the veteran
paraplegics half as much men?
How can we expect men to get well
when they are given half a chance to be
rehabilitated? Asa result, we are finding
ever-increasing numbers of veterans
who are permanent hospital residents.
We are not helping them enough, so they
are not able to return to society.
CONGRESS SHOULD LEAD THE WAY
(Mr. PELLY asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, on June 30,
the distinguished chairman of the5House
Committee on Appropriations (Mr. MA-
HON) addressed the House on the subject
of the deteriorating Federal budgetary
situation. He warned the Congress of
the President's reestinnated fiscal 1.971
deficit, excluding trust funds, and that
the Federal Government would be $11
billion in the red.
Meanwhile, the national debt has
climbed, as of June 30, the end of the
Government's fiscal year, to $373 billion.
Mr. Speaker, Congress has to deal with
inflation and this overspending, and in
this connection, I would suggest that we
set an example ourselves by reducing our
own salaries and the salaries of all top
jobs in Government, including the Presi-
dent and Cabinet, members by at least
10 percent.
The dollars thereby saved would not
make much of a dent in the deficit, but
it would set an example in the way of
establishing a patoern of restraint in the
fight against inflation.
Mr. Speaker, Congress cannot ask
others to do something which itself-is
unwilling to do. If voluntary restraints
are to work, the Government should
lead the way.
THE SILENT MAJORITY SPEAKS
(Mr. DUNCAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, yes, there
is a silent majority.
And 300,000 to 400,000 of them turned
out in the Capital of their Nation Satur-
day night to honor America.
Americans from every State and
every city and almost every crossroads of
the Nation came to pray, and to salute
their flag, and to listen to their fellow
patriots and to celebrate the independ-
ence of the greatest Nation in the his-
tory of the world.
Yes, Mr. 'Speaker, there is a silent
majority. And it consists of something
like 95 percent of the American people--.
the decent, honest hardworking Ameri-
cans who respect the rights of others,
who love liberty and love their country_
who obey her laws, and who serve her in
her hour of need.
These are the people who were rep-
resented here on Saturday night.
And it is they who will defend a great
America today and will build a better
America tomorrow.
Mr. Speaker, we should all thank God
for the fact that America does indeed
have a silent and patriotic and law-abid-
ing majority.
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
(Mr. SCHERLE asked and was given
permission to address the House for.1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, this week,
from July 12 to July 18, has been desig-
nated "Captive Nations Week." Con-
gress has set aside I week for this purpose
every year since the resolution was
passed in 1951) to remind us of what we,
in our good fortune, are liable to forget:
that 1 billion people remain shackled in
the chains of Communist domination.
Compared to the sufferings of the op-
pressed peoples of Eastern Europe and
Communist Asia, the cries of repression
of academic freedoms and police brutal-
ity in this country seem merely ludicrous.
Paradoxically, the government which al-
lows the greatest freedom of dissent is
the most frequent target of criticism
while the Communist system which per-
mits none is outwardly calm and undi-
vided by dissent. But it is an uneasy quiet
which prevails in the streets of Commu-
nist citadels, a tenuous political peace
born out of the barrel of a gun.
The citizens-we should rather call
them subjects-of these countries rarely
July 8, 1970
and at great peril to themselves raise
their voices in protest, But they are none
the less patriotic for that. They are the
silent allies of freedom. They wait pa-
tiently for some sign of hope. And they
will no doubt be, when their countries are
finally liberated, the staunchest defend-
ers of freedom, for they know from bitter
experience what it means to live. with-
out it. I understand this because I have
relatives behind the Iron Curtain in
Hungary and East Germany.
We must not forget them and we must
not fail them. Freedom is not merely the
prerogative of Americans, but the pre-
cious heritage of all mankind of which
we are privileged to act as guardians. We
must be watchful lest it slip from our un-
witting grasp. We cannot surrender to
those who would threaten it from with-
out and we cannot capitulate to those
who would undermine it from within.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EMER-
GENCY PUBLIC INTEREST PRO-
TECTION ACT
(Mr. GERALD R. FORD asked and was
given permission to address the House for
1 minute .and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
congressional inaction on President
Nixon's Emergency Public Interest Pro-
tection. Act of 1970 is absolutely incom-
prehensible.
We have had a sudden strike against
the Nation's railroads. The President has
aborted the strike by employing his au-
thority under the Railway Labor Act to
order the men back to work for 60 days
while an Emergency Board studies the
situation and recommends a settlement.
Now Northwest Airlines has also been
struck.
These actions point up the absurdity of
the position in which the Nation finds
itself.
The country is without adequate means
to deal with national emergency labor
disputes in transportation and yet hear-
ings have not even been scheduled in
either the House or the Senate on the
President's proposed Emergency Public
Interest Protection Act.
It was last February 27 that the Presi-
dent sent Congress a message detailing
his proposal covering emergency disputes
in the transportation industries. Why has
no action been taken? Why such dis-
putes reach the point where Congress has
to legislate a special solution which in
most cases amounts to compulsory arbi-
tration? I think these questions demand
an answer, I think the American people
will insist upon an answer.
As President Nixon has pointed out, the
Railway Labor Act has a very bad re-
cord. It discourages genuine collective
bargaining.
The President's Emergency Public In-
terest Protection Act is designed to pro-
mote collective bargaining--to promote a
solution short of special congressional ac-
tion in a crisis atmosphere. This makes
sense to me, and it should make sense to
every other Member of Congress.
I urge that the Congress move im-
mediately to consider the Emergency
Public Interest Protection Act.
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 July 8, 1 970 ~NN' Vvcu I v1CNAL RECORDr - HOUSE VVVJVVV/ VVJV-V
dollar spiral in the nuclear arms race. Why
wasn't this just as inflationary, if not more
sp?
Only a -few days ago Congress overrode
another Nixon veto and so restored funds to
build desperately needed hospitals and
mental health facilities for the nation's sick
people. The President turned down this.,bili
because he said it was inflationary. But more
.than two-thirds of. Congress- including a
majority of the members of the Republican
Party-voted to allocate for hospitals some
of the money' cut from the budget.
National priorities? Let's consider again
each American's thousand dollar share of the
nation's budget: '$4.50 for air and water
pollution; $5.00 for urban renewal for .our
cities; $7.50 for elementary and secondary
education; 50 cents for training the handi-
capped-and $375.00 for the military.
' Once again, we must look to Congress for
leadership.
It: was Congress that more than doubled
President Nixon's initial request for an in-
crease in social security, providing a badly
needed 15 percent increase. And just this
week, your paychecks will be larger because
The President never consulted with his
Cabinet or with Congress before he ex-
panded the Indochina war. He has never told
the American people that the Communist
headquarters he said would be attacked was
never attacked and apparently never even
located.
Instead Mr. Nixon now has given other rea-
sons to justify his surprise move of American
troops Into a neutral country, among them
the preservation of a new Cambodian gov-
ernment.
And now we have become involved, wheth-
er or not we like it, in that new govern-
ment. Now-although our ground troops are
out-our bombers and our artillery con-
tinue to bomb the Cambodian nation. Now
the South Vietnamese army continues to
sustain a full scale military operation in
H 6493
WAR OF THE WORLDS
(Mr. MOSS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for i min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, the senior
Senator from California, Mr. Muxpuy,
has come up with a most unique view of
how the United States should conduct
its international relations. It is simply
this-and I quote him:
There can be no such thing as a politi-
cally-established sanctuary from which an
enemy can attack American forces and into
which he can retreat without fear of pur-
suit.
Cambodia. The Senator looked back into history
Before our military incursion, as this map for justification of this remarkable view.
shoves, Communist activity in Cambodia was He cited the American punishment of
primarily limited to border sanctuaries. the Barbary Coast pirates and even
But now, just two months later, Com-
munist control has expanded to half the General Pershing's raids into Mexico
land area of Cambodia and Communists against Pancho Villa. He compares these
have infiltrated over a large part of th
events with A
i
'
e
mer
ca
s most recent ex-
a Ijemocratic Congress voted to increase per-. rest of the beleaguered country. cursions into Cambodia. In fact, he calls
serial tax exemptions and eliminated the 5 The question must be asked: Has our ac- them a quote-"striking parallel"-un-
percent surtax. tion actually saved Cambodia, or put its quote.
So I ask you tonight: Who is really en- survival in greater jeopardy?
gaged in a. "historic reordering of our na- To be a patriotic American is to question I gather from his remarks, which were
tional priorities"-the Congress or the and probe the activities of those who gov- delivered on the Senate floor June 29,
President? ern us. That is our duty and our right. that he wholeheartedly endorses such
One of our most urgent priorities for this The newly elected President promised to a policy and recommends that our coun-
decade is cleaning up our environment. "bring us together again." But the opposite try diligently pursue and punish mili-
Most of you heard the President speaking to of that is occurring, polarization, unfortu- tarily all those who aid the North Viet-
this problem in his State of the Union Mes- nately encouraged by Vice President Agnew namese Communists. That, of course, is
sage this past January. in speech after speech across the country. the next step.
XIxox. The program I shall propose to Con- AGENW. You can't bring 200 million peo-
gress will be the most comprehensive and ple together. Let's stop talking in technicali- There is only one fly in this ointment.
costly program in this field in America's ties and look at the President's figure of America would be at war with half of
history. speech-was a plea for national unity to the world if the Senator's views were
It, is not a program for just one -year. A bring the responsible elements of our society adopted. After all,,much of North Viet-
year's plan in this field is no plan at all. This together. But let's never overlook the fact nam's help comes from Red China and
is a time to look ahead not a year, but 5 years that there are also irresponsible elements of Russia. So it would be only logical to at-
or to years-whatever time is,required to do our society and instead of attempting to
the job. dignify and condone what they're doing, let's tack the sources of this aid. Many other
I shall propose to this Congress a $10 bil- polarize-let's get rid of these undesirable countries have traded with or aided
lion nationwide clean waters program to put people by recognizing that they cannot par- North Vietnam.. The Library of Con-
modern municipal waste treatment plants in ticipate in our legitimate processes of gov- gress informs me that this list includes
every, place in America where they are needed ernment unless they play the rules. (Wash- at least 26 countries.
to make our waters clean again, and do it ington Window, UPI Interview, November 16, Among them are: Albania, Cuba,
now.. (State of the Union Message, Jan. 22, 1969) Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hun-
1970) O'BRIEN. The words and thoughts of Vice gary, North Korea, Poland, Rumania,
O'BRIEN. That is what President Nixon President Agnew leave me saddened and dis- Yugoslavia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
said he would.propose, and to many it seemed heartened. While I realize there are many
_~_~ .,,,.,, ?, ,,.,,, ~,ic? _VisiOrl and -+....a....., wawaL[+ca lauu, urui~m King-
promised calls for federal spending of only mistrust among our people, dom, United Arab Republic, Japan, The
four billion dollars. The amount Mr. Nixon In attacking the loyalty of millions who Netherlands, Algeria, Norway, and I am
proposed for the first year of his new program sincerely question the course of the present sure there are also a number of others.
to fight water pollution turned out to.be less Administration, the Vice President is him-
than Congress had already authorized.. self questioning and jeopardizing the very So it cl clear we would take up arms
And so, 18 months later, the pattern of democratic tradition that has made us and Invade or bomb literally hundreds of
the Nixon Administration's domestic pro- strong, cities and many countries, including
gram is abundantly clear-ringing calls for Is this the way we are to be brought to- some of our best allies under the Sena-
action, but few results, except when Con- gether again? Is this the lowered voice Pres- tor's policy proposal. I do not think we
grass takes the Initiative and calls the shots. ident Nixon urged upon all of us eighteen have enough napalm to do that despite
But our attention to our gritical domestic months ago?
priorities continues to, be diverted by the the billions of dollars we spend on the
seemingly endless struggle in Indochina, This is a time for healing, not for wound- military.
about which the President addressed the ing, hatred for and suspicion. trust and understanding, not for I will say, on April 30. , however, gives the mih-
ion o Tonight, American and,5outh Viet- for 14 years, I was a friend and close as- tart'-industrial complex another argu-
xiamese units will attack the headquarters date of a man who could express these ment to press for higher appropriations.
for the entire Communist military operation feelings far better than I. One bright, wintry They can now give up that old chestnut
fo South tiretCam. This key c of center day the world seemed full of promise as he of enemy submarines being sighted off
has oen V
occupied by ietnam. T the Norco trlnamer reached out to us and summoned forth the the coast of Newfoundland or South
and Vietcong for 5 years in blatant violation best we Americans had to offer. America every time the military budget
of Cambodia's neutrality. (Address to Nation, KENNEDY. All of this will not be finished comes up.
April 30, 1970) in the first one hundred days. Nor will it I would like to suggest most respect-
aIEN. I have no Intention of "taking be finished in the first one thousand days,
O'13 fully to the talented senior Senator from
on" the President in difficult decisions about nor in the life of this ,Administration nor r r
I sure the relief of all Americans that our Address, Jan. 20, 1961) ---J +uusurai most -?- -- -1-116 ou,ue U1 tfnierlca-s
pressing domestic problems. To
troplis have crossed back into South. Viet- O'BRIEN. The Democratic Party, and the help him In this effort, I will be most
71 I also share the confusion of most Democrats in Congress accepted that chaff- happy to identify some of these prob-
1 whq wonder what Cambodia is lenge a decade ago-and we rededicate our- lems for him. They include inflation, air
Ar a 1 al~uut, selves today. and water pollution,
poverty, hunger,
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 H 6494
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE J ill y 8, 1970
civil rights, medical care, drug abuse,
consumer protection, the decay of our
cities anrt-I might add-the decay of
our moral responsibility to the world to
make it a better and more peaceful place
for all human beings.
UWANAJ& INVESTIGATION
(Mr. WOLD asked and was given per-
ddress the House for 1 minute
n
a
Second. How long has the United
States known about it?
Third. How long has the United States
been trying to straighten it out?
Fourth. What has been the degree of
political influence used to straighten it
out?;
Fifth. What has been the degree of
moral persuasion used on the South Viet-
namese Government?
Sixth. What other means of influence
o
missio
and to revise and extend his remarks.) have been used?
Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker, I want to take seventh. Who are the officials who
this opportunity to praise the 12-member know about the situation?
factfinding committee this body sent to Eighth. How strenuously did they try
Vietnam. to inform higher authorities of the situa-
Whatever the differences in their find- tion?
ings. I am certain the :information they Ninth. Are there similar situations else-
came back with will be beneficial toward where?
guiding this body and the Government'of Tenth. Was any attempt made to link
the United States in its future Southeast the effect of Consort with the treatment
Asian policy. that would be accorded U.S. prisoners
. .. v..dd h.. +Y.o nn, nTh' 1isf.C7
east Asia and its impact on the domestic 1 UullrvG 1,1.. -11 ... ?------ -_
well-being of this Nation. I am equally Defense have an obligation and duty to Russia intends to press ahead in the
concerned about the effect of this Gov- fully answer these questions for the ap- Middle East to stake out her strategic
ernment's policies on our relations with propriate House and Senate committees. claims and to consolidate her position
the remainder of the world. In these two Anyone else with information relating to with ruthless determination. She will
areas, I believe President Nixon has pro- these developments should be free to tell continue to back and encourage the Arabs
vided very able leadership. He is corn- what they know. I would hope this body in every way as and when it, serves her
mitted to removing U.S. military forces and the appropriate committees would interests, just as she has been feeding
from Vietnam in the shortest possible welcome all such information. and stoking the fires at conflict in Viet-
time under honorable and tolerable con- The reports of C'onson have brought, nam.
ditions. out another shocking situation that needs As the Intelligence Digest Published in
Nonetheless, certain revelations of the to be investigated. From my reading of 'England pointed out, Egypt is now the
factfinding group have come as a brutal the reports, it is clear that the reporters principal springboard of the expansion
shock to me. I refer to the tentative find- have long been kept out of the area. We and consolidation of Moscow's influence
ings of two members of the group"about need to know if the United States has and, Moscow hopes, eventual domination.
ion.
the prison on Conson Island and, specifi- protested their exclusion. As in the case of totally
cally to the tiger cages there. We need to know if there are other Czechoslovakia, for instance, there now
The morality of the situation is evil areas in South Vietnam-where thou- seems to be no way of escape from the
enough, but at a more human level, I sands of Americans have died and billions clutches of dependenc;, in sight for Rus-
would like to know why the United States of our dollars spent-where the U.S. sin's Middle East clients.
has allowed the Sough Vietnamese Gov- press is not permitted. No matter how extraordinarily diffi-
ernment to jeopardize the fate of the I am aware of the sensitivity about cult and unpleasant though it may be to
1,508 Americans missing or held prisoner stepping on toes of our allies. But, I be- look the danger-fraught realities straight
of war by the Communists. I think the lieve these questions are deserving of an in the face, it would be merely postpon-
American people deserve all the answers. answer. After all, the South Vietnamese ing the moment of truth to cling to the
They certainly deserve more than the press is allowed to freely wander about hope that the diplomatic possibilities of
terrible ironic headlines of this morn- the United States and, as we all know. the solving the problem of Russian penetra-
ing's Washington Post: 'U.S. denies Re- South Vietnamese Government is not tion in, the Middle Easi, have not yet been
sponsibility for 'Tiger Cages' at Conson." spending a dime of its own money in the exhausted.
American prisoners of war in North United States. It is wishful thinking to expect, that
Vietnam are being endangered by what There are other sources of information Russia, after having ?,ained so much al-
may be going on in South Vietnam. to learn what is happening. Private ready, will withdraw voluntarily in a
Rather than denials or evasions of re- groups such as the Red Cross, the Inter- spirit of compromise and goodwill.
sponsibility, we need to know what is national Voluntary Service Organization, Indeed, the statesm!,n of the West are
going on in South Vietnam. These claims the World Council of Churches, and unlikely to be so naive as to have much
of ignorance and nonaction will only be others are vast storehouses of knowledge. confidence in this. They can see the writ-
used as excuses by the North Vietnamese They all, along with the members of the ing on the wall clearly enough, but evi-
to continue mistreating and holding press, should be queried about these cages dently still hope against hope that it is
American prisoners of war. Neither the and about other items which have been not really true.
American people nor the loved ones of suppressed that will affect our prisoners When Khrushchev tried through the
ourmissing men should tolerate such a being held by the North Vietnamese. Cuban venture to redraw the strategic
situation. Mr. Speaker, it is apparent that the map of the world, the United States
I do not say the analogy is perfect, but committee's trip to South Vietnam has nipped the attempt in. the bud with an
I remember all too clearly the misuse to sparked a controversy. I am sure, how- ultimatum to the Kremlin which un-
which the excuse of "ignorance" has been ever, that each member is well prepared doubtedly carried the risk of a third
put. Both the highest and lowest German to answer for his own experiences. World War.
officials-after World War II-denied My concern is the American prisoners This was a calculated risk, which had
any knowledge of what was happening in North Vietnam and how Conson af- to be taken, and was taken, in order to
all over Europe. The situation in South fects them. We should be asking the avert certain catastrophe.
Vietnam is not of ,the scale of Europe. Nor question: What can we learn from this Today, President Nixon, who has been
is the intent of the South Vietnamese experience that will help us get our men faced by a near-hysterical mood of neo-
Government the same as was that of the out of North Vietnam prisons? isolationism at home at a time when as
Nazis. Nonetheless, ignorance is no ex- There will be some who wonder about critical a situation is in the making, has
cuse. the validity of these questions. There will had so far to confine himself to exhort-
The following questions should be an- be some who say why are you trying to ing the Russian leaders "to cooperate,
swered by the appropriate officials: stir up trouble. please."
First. How long has the situation at The answer is simple. The lives and All the indications are that the Rus-
Conson existed? fate of our American men being held by sian leaders are growing increasingly
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the North Vietnamese overrides all other
considerations.
I call on all Members of this body,
whether or not they support our effort
in Vietnam, to join in protest at any
violation of the rules of the Geneva
Convention on Treatmeirt of Prisoners of
War. This is a double-edged sword which
must apply to American prisoners in
North Vietnam as well as to the enemy in
Conson.
THE MIDDLE EAST: TIME
RUNNING OUT
The SPEAKER pro tempore ;Mr.
PHILBIN). Under a previous order of the
House, the gentleman from Illinois (Mr.
PucINSSI) is recognized for 30 minutes.
(Mr. PUCINSKI asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr Speaker, there
should be no doubt in anyone's mind that
 Approved For Release 2003/08/08 : CIA-RDP72-00337R000300070030-6
REGRET
Journal - Office of Legislative Counsel
Tuesday - 7 July 1970
25X1 4. I- JGO) Met with Mr. Frank Slatinshek, Assistant
Chief Counsel, House Armed Services Committee, and reviewed with
25X1A
him in general
Page 2
throughout
was not available to take part in the
25X1
discussion today, it was agreed that a briefing be arranged for later
the country. Since
25X1 by the Director, or his deputy. has been advised. 25X1A
25X1 C I received from Mr. Slatinshek copies of correspondence
between Chairman Rivers and Representative Henderson concerning
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1 C
6. - JGO) Talked to Buddy Hen eric s,
Publications Editor, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, who told
me that publication of the Colby/Van testimony has been delayed again
in favor of other Vietnam hearings. No date for publication has been
scheduled.
7. I I- JGO) While on the Hill I ran into Harry
Cromer, Staff Consultant, House Committee on Foreign Affairs,
Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs, who told me that Chairman
Murphy is planning hearings in about a month and may well desire an
updating of the information previously provided by the Agency on China
and the Soviet Union. I thanked Mr. Cromer for the informati AMA
8. I. JMM) Accompanied the Director and
who briefed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on Agency
Southeast Asia and the Middle East. See Memo for
Record and transcript.
SECRET
25X1 C
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 iN k;'W Y i AppravEL&Eor Release 2003/
"Americans Find Brutality.
In South Vietnamese Jail'
By GLORIA EMERSON
special to The NOW York Times
SAIGON, South Vietnam,
July 6 - An American who
visited South Vietnam's larg
est civilian, prison last Thurs
day reported here today on
what he described as the in-
human conditions and intimi-
dation existing there.
Don Luce, who is gathering
information in Vietnam for the
Division of InterChurch Aid of
the World Council of Churches,I
said that 500 of the 9,900 pris-
oners believed to be on the
island known as Con Son were
confined in small stone com-
partments, and that many of
the prisoners were unable to
The prisoners, he said,
stand
.
suffer from malnutrition, phy-
sical. abuse and filthy condi-
tions
.
Mr. Luce was able to visit
the island, which is 140 miles
southeast of Saigon, because
tive Augustus F. Hawkinsl a
Democrat from the Watts area
in Los Angeles, and Represen-
tative William R. Anderson,
Democrat of Tennessee. The
group was accompanied by a
Congressional aide, Thomas
Harkin, who photographed the
worst of the prisons.
The legislators were In South
Vietnam as part of a 12-man
House committee that made on
a fact-finding tour on the United
States' involvement in Asia.
Newsmen Are Barred
Access to the prison is denied
to newsmen. South Vietnamese
officials generally deny that
conditions are extremely harsh
on the island, which is often
referred to by its French name,
polo Condor.
The small stone compart
merits , known to the Vietna-'?
mese as tiger cages, were not,
voluntarily shown to the Amer-I
ican visitors. The purpose of
the trip had been to see if they)
existed.
Attempts to prevent the in-i
spection were made by the',
warden, Col. Nguyen Van Ve.
Mr. Luce also asserts that when
the legislators asked to see six
specific prisoners-four stu-
dents, the editor of a French-
la.nguage daily newspaper
closed by the Government and
and another man- t!he colon l ~ a
became angry?
supplied the prisoners' names
to the legislators. Approve
8/08 :.JA=RD00300070030-6
After ~~,~,~~...a
h Ministry
be r o in tSaigon ask-
f
o
for
i
o?
-- -
ing permiSs
to see the six prisoners, Col-
according to Mr. Luce,
"
Do not -
aide:
ting an answer-the important
-^-A it ?
to
that Mr. Luce, ----more *an
South Vietnamr Vietnam e
11 years, speaks
fluently. to Mr. Luce
According. ._??; ew w
backed the warden at-
', he visitors.
guard, hearing the warden's
and the
o
d
h
r
o
e
voice, opened t
Americans went inside With
the warden at their heels.
"We looked down from a
catwalk through large open-
ings-one for each cell," Mr.
Luce related. "These were the
tiger cages which are not sup-
posed to exist anymore."
He said that in the presence
of Colonel Ve the Americans
visited two buildings composed
of what he described as air-
less, hot, filthy stone
compart- ments. In the building for men,
according to Mr. Luce, three or
four prisoners are in each com-;
partment, which seemed not
quite 5 feet across and 9 feet
long.
it was high enough for the
prisoners to stand up but none
i of the men did," he related.
"They dragged themselves to
I the spot where they could look
The men
k
to us.
up and spea
claimed they were beaten, that
they were very hungry because
had sand and pebbles in ii.
The prisoners also pleadedz
for water, Mr. Luce said, and
cried out that they were sick)
tempts to bloc
"Walton suggested we visit
the curio shop," Mr. Luce con-, Mr. Luce related, was -a. bucket
timed. "He was angry to see: of powde white lime that)
me with the Congressmen and Colonel Ve said was used for
said, `I thought this trip was whitewashing the walls but that
above board - Luce has - the prisoners said was thrown
represented everything in Viet- down on them when they asked
for food.
"'
nairl
who is 35 years
Mr. Luce, The women prisoners, who
here ocial ,-lservice numbered about 250, told Mr.~
old and cue s
a volunteer Luce, he said, that they were
worker, has been an outspoken moved from mainland prisons
critic of United States in f t, the seven months ago. They had'
I.- ..-l.ieA
Saigon cove.....,.,....
Mr. Luce, who had been told tiger
of a hidden entry ate. Rep
cages, saw a tiny g
resentative Hawkins asked Col-
onel ve to have the door
opened after the warden had
said It was not Possible. A
and also said there was no
water for washing.
He said there appeared to
be 60 or 70 compartments in
each of the two buildings, with
five women in a compartment.
When the group came out of
the tiger camps after an hour,
l and 15 minutes, Mr. Luce said,
they met Mr. Walton, who re-
buked them for "intruding" into
a Vietnamese prison.
Mr. Luce related that Mr.
Hawkins said that he hoped
Americans in North Vietnam
were ;not being treated as were
the prisoners he had seen.
A fact sheet distributed in
Saigon by Mr. Walton's agen-
cy over his signature quotes
him as describing the "Con Son
National Correction Center" as
follows:
"In the opinion of correction
advisors with lengthy U.S. pen-
ology experience, Con Son is
not a 'Devil's Island,' but on
the contrary is a correctional
institution worthy of higher
ratings than some prisons in
the United States."
Other Facilities Visited
by the French in 1862 and its
name stands for a fearful or-
deal. The French, it is said,
built the tiger cages.
The legislators and their aide,
with Mr. Luce, toured
three somewhat more orthodox
facilities where groups of pris-
oners are confined in a large
room.
Mr. Luce. who was busy
talking with the prisoners, said
today that he could not observe
whether the conditions were
adequate.
"They were terribly scared,
very frightened people," Mr.
Luce said. "When the guard
was not standing near us, the
prisoners would tell me that
they had never stood trial or
been sentenced for any 'crime
and that there was not enough
food, water or medical treat-
ment."
"When the prison guards
came up," Mr. Luce added,
,the prisoner would say to me, i
`I am a political prisoner,' and i
in one instance the guard re-
plied for the man, "You were
arrested because you were a '
traitor,"
 For Release 2003/08/08: CIA-RDP72-00337R000300070030-6
DATE `7 j`k~ 10
S. Viet Prison Found'Shocking'
By George C. Wilson
Washington Post Staff Writer
A South Vietnamese prison
where men and women are
locked up in windowless cages
and disciplined with dustings
of choking lime was described
by two congressmen yester-
day.
Reps. William R. Anderson
(D-Tenn.) and Augustus F.
Hawkins (D-Calif.) provided
that description on the basis
of their tour of Con Son Is.
land Prison, 60 miles off the
South Vietnamese coast on
July 2.
"It was the most shocking
treatment of human beings I
have ever seen,": said Ander-
son, a 49-year-old former sub-
marine officer who won the
Bronze Star combat award.
Anderson and Hawkins were
part of a House of Representa-
tives fact-finding group that
made an on-the-spot assess-
ment of the Vietnam War.
They were the only congress-
men who toured the prison,
where 10,000 persons-most of
them held for political of-
fenses-are kept.
The formal report on the
trip submitted to the House
yesterday contained only one
paragraph on Con Son. But
Chairman G. V. Montgomery
(D.-Miss.) of the Special House
Committee said "we do not
condone" the prison condi-
tions anti mentioned it briefly
because "we didn't want to
focus the report on it."
Anderson, in an interview.
said this is what he saw al
Con Son in a tour that started
about 9 in the morning ant
continued until mid-afternoon
including a look at the "tiger
cages" the South Vietnames,
prison commandant tried tc
keep hidden from the Ameri
cans:
He approached a wall of on
compound and looked fo
what he had been told in Sa
gon would be a hidden doo
into the tiger cages he ha
heard about.
See PRISON, A8, Col. 1
House members file re-
port on their visit to Viet-
nam. Page A9.
PRISON, From Al
"I had been told that the
South Vietnamese hid the
door with a stack of wood,"
Anderson said.
Through an interpreter An-
derson and Hawkins had
brought with them from Sai-
gon to the prison, Anderson
asked the commandant to
show the Americans the tiger
cages. "I had been told they
were in Compound 4," Ander-
son said.
As they stood before an un-
camouflaged door in the wall
of Compound 4, Anderson
pressed the issue of the cages,
even asking where that door
led.
"He said it was to another
compound. But just' then -
probably because the guard
had heard the commandant
talking - the door swung
open. The commandant looked
like a fellow who had dropped
his teeth because it was ob-
vious that door did not lead to
another compund.
"The commandant," Ander-
son continued, "had no choice
but to let us go inside.
"We saw a one-story founda-
tion with no windows in it of
any kind. We went up the
stairs to a kind of catwalk and
could look down through iron
bars about s/a of an inch thick
at prisoners inside solid con-
crete cages about 5 by 9 feet."
Anderson said the concrete
cages with the iron bar roofs
were on either side of the cat-
walk. Most of the "tiger
cages" had five people In
them, although a few had
three. The walls stretching up
to the bars were about six or
seven feet high.
"I noticed a box standing
over each cage and asked the
commandant what was in it.
He said sand. I felt it and said
I knew it wasn't sand. He then
said it Was lime for washing
down ,ft walls oo the cages.
But f could see lime clinging
from the iron bars."
With the help of some ad-
vance information, Anderson
found the evidence compelling
that the lime was thrown on
the prisoners. "Lime plays the
devil with your breathing and
nostrils," Anderson said in de-
scribing the lime punishment.
No one of the male prison.
ers was able to stand, Ander-
son said. They indicated to
him by both talk and pointing
at their limbs that they had
lost the use of their legs. An-
derson figured this was either
from malnutrition or paralysis
from lack of any exercise.
The only visible sanitation
facility inside a cage, Ander-
son said, was a single wool or
porcelain container about the
'Size ' of a waste basket. One
straw mat served as sleeping
facilities for the five prisoners
jammed into the cage, Ander-
son said.
While he did not see anyone
shackled to the wall, the con-
gressman said he saw steel
plates evidently designed for
ankle shackles in the cages.
After walking over the
double line of tiger cages,
which Anderson estimated con-
tained about 200 men in 50
cages, the congressional party
walked to the corresponding
prison for the women prison-
ers.
There, in a separate build-
ing in the same compound,
Anderson found a girl who
spoke English. She said she
was 18 and had been arrgsted
while caught up in a political
demonstration. She claimed
she herself had not demon-1
strated but had been impris
somewhere In the compound,
was sick but the girl didn't
know where she was," Ander-
son said. "She looked pitiful.
Most of the prisoners.- looked
quite thin."
The women, too, evidently
got the lime treatment as pun-
ishment because the same
boxes of it were over the iron
gratings. "Some womeh were
standing or could stand," An-
derson said, evidencing less
severe periods of incarcera-
tion.
He estimated there were;
about 150 women in the tiger
cages.
The Agency for Internation-
al Development escort, former
Los Angeles police officer
Frank Walton, told the con-
gressmen that there were
about 10,000 prisoners in the
whole prison complex and only
about 35 of them were former
prisoners of war.
Walton himself, Anderson
said, had never seen the tiger
cages before. As part of Wal-
ton's job as head of the AID
section advising the Thieu
Government's national police
force and penal system, the
former Los Angeles police of-
ficer said he visited Con Son
once every three months.
Anderson said he told Amer-
ican officials "that there must
be an early flight leaving Sai-
gon" for Walton and other
AID personnel "who have
done such a botched up job"
of overseeing prison condi-
tions in South Vietnam.
The American government
through AID funds, Anderson
said, had spent as much as
$100 million a year to assist
time, with no bath in two 11 the South Vietnamese national
months, police force. The AID figure is,
"She said her sister was below that for this current i
P.i iIA.l
Since American money links I
the U.S. to the prison condi-
tions, the findings of the con-
gressmen are likely to embar-
rass the Nixon administration
and provide Hanoi with fresh
propaganda ammunition.
The chairman of the in
terior committee in the South
Vietnamese assembly, Ander-
son said, told him that "their
own efforts had not been very
successful" in exposing prison
treatment. The South Vietna-
mese assembly chairman, he
said, encouraged the Ameri-
cans to publicize what they
had seen at Con Son.
Sickness, especially tubercu-
losis, is rampant at Con Son,
Anderson said. Most of the
male prisoners told him they
had been imprisoned on the
island for "many years."
One prisoner in the part of
the compound outside of the
tiger cages told Anderson he
had been in Con Son 17 years,
"received mail once a year and
was bad off with TB."
"There is one doctor for the
10,000 prisoners," Anderson
said, "and about 20 per cent of
them have TB."
"Some of the prisoners in
the tiger cages claimed to have
been chained and beaten,"
Anderson said.
Some of the prisoners are
suspected Vietcong while
others were committed for
criminal acts, according to
Anderson's findings.
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 July 1, 1970
the weekend in 10 cities, including Los
Angeles, and more are being sought. Retail
value of the drugs seized in the raid, and
during the months of investigation
which. preceded i was estimated at almost
Atty. Gen. John N. itchell called the op-
eration a "tremendo success," and pre-
dictecl that "these arre will diminish the
flow of hard narcotics i o and within the
v~The Justice Dept., the Treasury Dept. and
all the other agencies invo ed deserve a
HON. LAURENCE J. BURTON
Q' VTAfI ..
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIbES
Monday, June 29, 1970
Mr. BURTON of Utah. Mr. Speaker,
the July 1970 issue of American School
Board Journal contains a provocative
article by Tom McCall, Governor of Ore-
gon, and chairman of the Education
Commission of the States. I commend it
to the attention of those of you who
THE STATES AND THE SCHOOLS: LAST-CHANCE
ALLIANCE
(By Tom McCall)
it is not a flat plane we have here in edu-
cation. it is a many-faceted extension of the
world's bumpy social geography. it is a time
of audacious students, angry teachers, be-
wildered school boards, and parents cata-
tonic with conflict they often seem unable to
understand.
But why should me expect otherwise? The
entire world is spinning into a new phase of
existence. And, as in all phases, we stand
forever in danger of losing the fresh, young
mind of the student at its most productive
moment, We stand forever in danger of sell-
ing him out and selling him short; of ignor-
ing the very human signs he flashes to us;
of assuming that classrooms-unlike the
universe-call staid still.
It is the nature of youth to demand rather
than to ask; to question rather than to ac-
cept; to embrace tomorrow rather than to
revere yesterday; to go beyond bondage rath-
er than run into it. There is much complaint
to ebut?off our reason and open the passi
valve.
of the students who are throwing bricks and
fire bombs. The other 95 percent are'throw-
ing ideas. Put out the fires-but don't put
out the ideas, And do not make the mistake,
nearly all experts urge, of trying tb lump the
restless students into one growling metaphor.
They don't even do that to themselves.
Some students clearly feel that-as far as
their sources of education in America are
eoncel`aed-they are not getting all of the
right kind of raw material for building a 21st
Century maturity. Speaking of one school, a
student said,: "Here is where it isn't."
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks E 6089
prints on the moon. And It commands the
attention of zealotry, for the job is awe-
There have been many periods of the
dynamic. This is only one. Perhaps we feel
it to be more crucial because it's the one
we're in. It is not comfortable to be assigned
to a dynamic age. It requires constant, alert,
and creative participation, or you just get
kicked off into the bramble. Not very kindly,
but very common.
Perhaps some students are making out-
rageous demands. But, to and beyond the
limit of patience, we must make an effort to
translate from the statement of their griev-
ance to the concept of its cause. Then we
can perhaps judge.
But these students aren't the only angry
segment. Parents have become wary and
weary of the whole imbroglio. It sometimes
seems they wish merely an end to the noise
Education was le
who should have
were told it was less
so. Then we teachers
than ever. And we're
We learned a lot. We,
1 places of learning.
There are basic housekeeping problems:
financing; coordination of educational dis-
tricts; cooperative growth with federal aid;
and the sheer logistics of buildings, hard-
ware, software and space.
Those of us with direct connections
in educational activity must make all of
these assessments immediately. And we'll
have to work for the key causes with strident
and continuing pressure. We are running out
of time.
Gain, for yourself, the sense of urgency
that the educational picture generates, and
do not overlook the paradoxes: We roar in
the streets for the subtle rights and the
nuances of educational administration-
while there are millions in our society who
can't even read what the issues are. For those
who deal in education, leadership is their pa-
nache. And never before have they been giv-
en such a vast field for battle. The complexity
of it simply demands that we do not get
bogged down in old arguments or in mossy,
moldy points of view. America is uo longer
a quiet expanse of agrarian and small town
charm. We have to retool. When the attack
came on Pearl Harbor, we retooled from
nothingness to victory; when we decided to
stroll on the moon, we did it in massive
ease. Now we have an educational moonshot
coming up in the 1970s. It is, in every con-
ceivable way, more important than foot-
some.
In my state of Oregon, the constitution
clearly charges the state to provide for the
"establishment of a uniform and general
system of common schools."
liven though we have created a series of
districts to perform this task, It is, clearly
em atically that we are denying some chil-
d n a good education because of where they
ve.
It is my belief that, before the Seventies
have passed, priority will be given to 16
years of public education, including two
years of preschool and two years of post-
high school education.
The expense will be considerable. But not
as great as the expense of not supplying the
added education necessitated by the greatly
increased burdens being placed on man's
shoulders in this age. Children as young as
three can and should be taught elementary
learning skills. Disadvantaged children who
are taught virtually nothing until they are
six have lost the race with life by the time
they are ten.
It is on these critical early-age periods of
human life that the survival of this race rests,
not on late-hour racial laws, patchwork
punishment procedures, finger-in-the-dike
relief programs, and mass-media "love thy
neighbor" jingles. We will get the world of
freedom, of law and order, of love, if we
plant the seeds of purpose, tend the garden
with diligence, and are realistic.
In education, as in so many fields, we have
allowed our problems to pile up on us. We
have delayed planning until the crisis be-
comes a collision course. There is no longer
any doubt about the extensive rethinking,
reshaping, and replanning that must be done
in our schools. The only question is: Who will
do the planning?
As Florida Congressman Robert Graham
said in one of the occasional papers for the
Education Commission of the States: "Some
higher education administrators have de-
spaired because my political colleagues have
tths. I can offer as solace the fact that a
as element of the politician's personality
is th desire to avoid decisions."
But ere are many decisions now past due.
And we have to reach some kind of co-
ordinate lanning structure for uncovering
these prob s, diagnosing them, and pre-
scribing cure For half a century, state in-
fluence on the ignificant social, economic,
and political is es has waned. This was
happening while a alition was forming be-
tween the federal g ernment, large cities,
For years, the states' cuse for this has
been malapportionment. Fa ure to represent
the people rendered states i otent to con-
temporary problems. Now in states the
impact of reapportionment has liminated
the excuse. We will soon see, as R resent-
ative Graham has said, if the states' years
of failure have been cosmetic or conge 'tal.
in the structure of our school system, but it
is a vital and basic step-and it must be
made now. It is a keystone in the future de-
velopment of the United States.
We owe it to the cause of logic. We owe It
to our peace of mind. We owe it to fiscal
responsibility. We owe it to the ethos which
has given our nation its very special per-
sonality and imprint. But, most of all, we
owe it to the children and to their future.
There is no intellectually honest way to
downgrade the imoprtance of our educational
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 E 6090
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks
system. Education gives us the principal pro-
cess of character formation. Education makes
possible the mass knowledge that empowers
a democratic society to weigh issues and to
make decisions about them.-Education gives
the selective skills and mental dexterity by
which democratic action is possible. It >R, in
STRATEGIC PAILUR
HON. ALLARD K. LOWENSTEIN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 29, 1970
Mr. LOWENSTFIN. Mr. Speak(!r, as
our troops begin to come out of Cam-
bodia and the President prepares to go
before the country with his tote board
of captured guns, bicycles, and rice to
celebrate a tactical triumph, it Is im-
portantr to face the fact that, whatever
it is tactically speaking, it is only an-
other instance of strategic failure.
Even considered tactically, there are
serious doubts about an operation that
as of yesterday had cost 339 American
and 860 South Vietnamese lives, and
1,501 American and 3,603 South Viet-
namese wounded. And who knows how
many of the 11,000 bodies counted as
"enemy" were Cambodian peasants
caught in the indiscriminate swath of
war?
However one tallies the costs and bene-
fits in a tactical sense, strategically we
face a wider war, fraught with new com-
plexities, uncertainties, and risks.
The Lon Nol government, our new and
costly Cambodian client, is floundering,
and we can be sure who it will grab if it
starts to go under. According to a report
in the June 29 edition of the New York
Times, the Cambodian Army presently
holds less than one-third of the coun-
try's 69,000 square miles, while the North
Vietnamese and anti-government Cam-
bodians firmly control one-third of the
country and can roam at will through
the remaining third.
Our Cambodian venture has had the
effect of welding Communist elements
throughout Indochina closer together
and, worse, closer to China.
At a deeper level, the venture is a fail-
are because it has provided another Oc-
casion for indulging in self-deception, for
refusing to face the facts upon which
sound strategy is based..
Prof. James C. Thompson of Harvard,
who served on the staff of the National
Security Council and in the State De-
partment in the last administration, ex-
presses this aspect of the failure espe-
cially well in a lecture he gave to a recent
meeting of the Yale-in-China Associa-
tion:
Every effort to avert acceptance of error
and failure-every "cosmetic" approach, in
current Washington parlance-is simply a
i'ormula for further evasion and self-decep-
tion and for a longer, wider war. Every effort
to "save face" will lead to a new Cambodia.
For any President who thinks he can now
exit with grace from this twenty-year error
is a President who, when confronted with the
possibility of the look of defeat, will balk
and grope for a new Cambodia--new flexing
of the muscles, new acts of bravado, new
July 1, 19'70
targets of opportunity, new military adven- Dean Rusk in 1951) and a dangerously ex-
tures, up to and including, I deeply fear, the pansionist Power. The true China remained
threat of the use of nuclear weapons and, if among the exiles on Formosa; the false China
need be, the actual use of nuclear weapons. must be contained and isolated.
For there will always be persuasive peddlers Hence the construction of a network of
of new
ways to win this unwinnable war. alliances and bases to defend "Free Asia."
What, we so desperately need out of our Hence new efforts at the export of benevol-
present President, or his successor, is some- ence, the creation of anti-Communist States
thing no President has yet had the courage in America's own imale. Hence, specifically,
to face and to tell the American people: that America's funding of France's struggle for
Vietnam was "lost" to Vietnamese national- military victory and/or "Vietnamisation" in
communism many years ago by the French, Indo-China (assistance initially provided, as
by Americans, and mostly by Vietnamese; Mr. Acheson has recently revelled, in order
that nothing short; of world war might "re- to get France to do what Washington wanted
trieve" that loss; that the loss doesn't mat- done in Europe). In the process, of course
ter in terms of American security interests, the very separate root. and identity of the
and indeed has never mattered; and that an Vietnamese revolution were lost on the pol-
admission of error and failure that brings icy-makers; equally lost was any clear per-
peace to a shattered region is, far from "na- ception of the fusio
f N
t
n
n o
a
io
alism and
tional humiliation," the first step toward Communism-a potent mix-that fed that
national regeneration, an act of true national revolution.
courage. China, then, is central to America's Asian
I am inserting in the RECORD a related involvement. But China is not the only fac-
tor-and, indeed, has been a receding factor
article by Professor Thompson that ap- in the past ten years, shanks largely to Pe-
peared in the London Times and a piece king's military caution and internal preoc-
by Orvelle Scheel, codirector of the Bay cupations as well as lino-Soviet enmity.
Area Institute, from the New Republic. Two decades of containment of China's
Both articles ably define the dimensions Golden Horde have bred strong habits of
of the strategic failure: thought among those who make policy in
[From London Sunday Times, May 10. 1370) Washington. There is, 5rst of all, the well-
known domino theory, enunciated originally
BLIND GAMSLE IN INDOCHINA by General Eisenhower but soon firmly
(By James C. Thomson, Jr.) lodged in the American view of Asia. The
Mr. Nixon's Cambodian lunge has opened idea that if you knock ever one Asian state,
another grim chapter in the long and baf- they all fall down, has the virtue of
fling story of the American-East Asian rela- simplicity.
tionship-one from. which neither America Its premise that all Asian states act alike
nor East Asia will emerge quite the same as may well stem from the traditional Western
before. conviction that all Asians "look alike." As
For more than a century Americans have for policy-makers, domino-ism makes quite
been obsessed with -the Far East, an obsession unnecessary any careful appraisal of the
rooted in concepts of mission and manifest critically important differences that distin-
destiny. Since the turn of this century the guish Thais from Cambodians, Burmese from
obsession has been transformed into policy: Koreans, Indonesians from Japanese-or,
a presumption of national interests in' the most Important of all, Vietnamese from Chi-
region, a grand style of rhetoric to cover those nese, age-old foes. All that is needed is a
interests, occasional resorts to war to protect map and an ink-brush to show the alarming
them, but throughout a curious and persist- consequences of one small nation's collapse.
ent inability to define them. In very recent years Washington's states-
Policies and, actions have often been out men have begun to de-emphasize domino-
of line, often a result of internal confusion ism, perhaps out of belated experience of
in Washington. On, Vietnam, for Instance, Asia's resilient nationalism, perhaps to avoid
what kind of war was it, and who was the a self-fulfilling prophecy. Yet in one funda-
real enemy? Was it, a civil war or interna- mental respect the concept retains its hold:
tional aggression? And if the latter, was the a fear, from the theory's earliest days, that
"real enemy" Hanoi? Peking? Moscow? Inter- the flnal domino (and perhaps the only one)
national Communism? Or maybe "Asian is the Administration iu power. That the
Communism" 11 "loss" of a foreign State to Communism
It is sadly appropriate that the obsession, means your party's loss at the polls is the
the policy, and the confusion should find most potent legacy of i:tie "loss" of China
their most recent expression in the eys- in 1949 and the defeat of the Democrats in
bematic obliteration of a Cambodian town 1952.
called Snoul, while Mr. Nixon tells his people Yet another habit of thought pertains to
that such things are done to avoid "national America's military ascei,,dancy and its rela-
humiliation." .A while ago, before My Lai, Mr. tion to Asian Issues. Prom Commodore Perry
Nixon's predecessor stressed the centrality to Theodore Roosevelt and Henry L. Stim-
of his country's "national honour." son, American statesmen had believed that
How is one to explain this ongoing Arneri- if you. stood up to Asians, they would soon
can tragedy which yet another President has back down. To traditions of firmness and
now compounded? character the post-war years have added un-
At the heart of the matter was and is surpassed power. Little wonder the Stimson-
China. Some say that China became to tan itch to deal firmly with Asians has its
America what India was to Britain, but much latter-day expression in President Johnson's
more so and with a different outcome. Out of decision, to bomb the Vietnamese into ne-
a century of apparently altruistic involve- gotiations and President Nixon's assertion,
ment-efforts at evangelism, education, tech- as he invades Cambodia, that Vietnam is a
nical assistance-as well as trade and invest- test of America's "will." What is missing is
ment, Americans developed a powerful self- any sense that Asians, too, have will-and
image of their nation's special benevolence that one's will is usually strongest on one's
toward China and of China's special respon- own home ground,
siveness. Such habits are compounded by sheer ig-
But the fury of the Chinese revolution- norance of Asian realities; of age-old hos-
Chinese Nationalisirt and, in time, the vie- tility, for instance, among Vietnamese, Cam-
tory of its Coinmurdst wing-assaulted the bodians, and Thais, and between all three
foundations of that self-image. And the and Chinese; of the fact that Laos is a non-
American response, in the world-wide Cold country created by France, that Carcnbodia
War climate after 1949, was to suspect be- is the Poland of South-East Asia caught and
trayal at home and abroad. Clearly the new carved between Thailand and Vietnam, and
China was a creation of Moscow and its that French and American intervention has
agent ("a Slavic Manchukuo," said Mr. only postponed for a While the probable di-
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 July 1, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -Extensions of Remarks
vision of the Indo-China region between
Thailand and Vietnam.
They are also compounded by patterns of
official prose: by a persistent tendency to-
wards rhetorical, escalation-an ever more
shrill definition of the. importance of the
stakes, as the price and doubts soar, to cover
the paucity of stakes. Vietnam becomes im-
portant quite simply because Administrations
have said it was important.
And they are further compounded, of
course, by American pride: by presidential
unwillingness to admit a colossal national
blunder that spans two decades and five Ad-
ministrations, and by presidential suscepti-
bility to "solutions" that will somehow make
the outcome look like less than failure.
So this month Mr. Nixon, captive of fa-
miliar pressures, gives in to the Cambodian
"solution" long urged by Saigon and the
Pentagon. It is a sad move for one who re-
cently seemed as if he really wanted "out."
A gamble, it is called by many commenta-
tors, here and in Washington-even a coura-
geous gamble. More properly, a desperate
evasion: an evasion of the central facts that
no President has had the courage to face
and to tell to his;people-that Vietnam was
"lost" to Vietnamese national-communism
many years ago, by French, Americans, and
Vietnamese; that nothing short of world war
could retrieve that loss; that the loss doesn't
matter in terms of American national inter-
est; and that an admission of error that
brings peace to a shattered, region is, far from
"national humiliation," the first step toward
national regeneration, an act of true courage.
CAMBODIAN CIVIL WAR
(By Orville Schell)
We now see that the Cambodian inva-
sion, far from being a "brief surgical opera-
tion" quickly performed and done with, has
opened wide a new and dangerous fissure.
Tad Szulc in The New York Times of May 20
reports "senior officials" in Washington as
believing that "in some ways the situation
in Cambodia was beginning to resemble South
Vietnam in 1960 when the Vietcong began
their rebellion against the Saigon regime."
George McT. Kahin, director of the South-
east Asia program at Cornell, puts it more
bluntly: "President Nixon has contributed
to the creation of a formidable anti-Ameri-
can alliance in Cambodia, making a long
civil war in that country inevitable."
Until the coup in March, the Cambodian
body politic existed in a precarious balance
with Prince Sihanouk in the middle, To his
right stood the former (and present) Pre-
mier and Minister of National Defense, Gen-
eral Lon Nol. He was chief of the 35,000-m4n
Cambodian Army which was largely trained
and partially equipped under US military aid
amounting to some $94 million up to 1964,
when ?ihanouk requested that it be stopped.
Although Lon Nol made trips to both Pe-
king and Hanoi for Sihanouk, he was known
for his "anti-Communist" and "pro-West-
ern" feelings. He reportedly traveled to the
Communist capitals in attempts to persuade
Hanoi and Peking that the NLF and the
North Vietnamese Army (NVA) should leave
their Cambodian base camps. Although he
did not always agree with Sihanouk, Lon
Nol was included in various cabinets as a
balance against the left. Sihanouk used him
as a kind of warning to the Cambodian Com-
munists not to push too hajcl against his
own, middle-of-the-road, poorly organized
Sangkum Party, which he formed .hastily
when he abdicated the throne in 1955.
To Sihanouk's left were the Khmer Rouge,
whom he played down as much as possible,
and of whom thq American press has chosen
to take almost no notice. The Khmer Rouge
(or Red Khmers) have not been a strong
force numerically in past years, but they
served to point up the fact that Cambodia,
although not at war, had by no means rem-
edied the plight of the peasant or of rural
government. Their numerous, but usually in-
consequential, attacks on government troops
were an annoyance, but less important (al-
though the Sihanouk government claimed to
have killed some 300) than the de facto con-
trol they exercised in parts of the rural hint-
erland, particularly around the vital ports
of Sihanoukville and Kep on the southern
part of the Cambodian-Vietnamese border.
The NLF has been getting supplies to its
troops in the Mekong Delta region in South
Vietnam through these ports. Apparently
Sihanouk was unwilling to move into this
area and clean up the NLF operations, be-
cause it would have risked a major clash
with indigenous Cambodian forces. Lon Nol
did not share these apprehensions and always
favored a hard line against both NLF and
Khmer Rouge activities.
The Khmer Rouge, who now operate in
some five different districts in Cambodia,
were formed of remnants of the old Cam-
bodian Vietminh (never very strong due to
the rather pro-French stance of Sihanouk),
disaffected teachers and student intellectuals,
former elected officials and a peasant follow-
ing of undetermined size. Estimates, until
recent weeks, placed the total number of
Khmer Rouge at around 3000. From leaflets
left in villages through which they have
moved, it is known that they want to "liber-
ate Cambodia from the Americans," that they
are scornful of religion (Buddhism), crit-
ical of police and army extortion' of the
peasantry, and corrupt government monop-
olies. Various factions of the Khmer Rouge
have been so isolated from one another that
they have not had any unified program. Their
two main bases adjacent to Tay Ninh Prov-
ince, in Svay Rieng and Prey Veng, have been
closely allied with the NLF. These Khmer
Rouge have harassed not only Cambodian
government officials, but have joined th'e
NLF in sorties into South Vietnam.
But there are other Khmer Rouge to the
west of Phnom Penh who have been more
independent. Their base camps stretch from
the Thai border down along the Elephant
Range to the coastal ports at Kampot. They
are led by Hou Youn, who is described by
U.S. intelligence sources in the Far Eastern
Economic Review. as a "man of truly as-
tounding intellectual and physical strength."
Hou Youn is an ex-National Assemblyman
who was expelled from Phnom Penh during
Lon Nol's crackdown on Communist activi-
ties in 1967. Demonstrations followed Lon
Nol's severe treatment of peasant rebels in
Battambang Province, who were said to be
led by Hou Youn and the Khmer Rouge. As
a result of Lon Nol became the bete noire of
Cambodian leftists, who have since branded
him as "an American stooge."
Interestingly, neither wing of the Khmer
Rouge ever criticized Sihanouk by name,
which does not mean that Sihanouk did not
oppose their activities. Thus, in June of last
year he commented that "the Vietcong fight
a foreign imperialism in order to liberate
their country in order to give it independ-
ence. They are furthermore supported by the
South Vietnamese people while receiving
no instructions from foreign organizations,
whereas the Khmer Reds fight their coun-
try's government which is known by the
whole world to be the guardian of national
independence and nonalignment and to de-
rive its power from the people through gen-
eral elections. The Khmer Reds kill their
own compatriots and are in the pay of either
Maoism or the Vietminh." In an interview
in February, 1969, Sihanouk said: "Leaflets
scattered around by night announce the for-
mation of self-styled clandestine commu-
nist 'parties' or 'movements.' We do not
know how many members they have, but
very few in any case. I do not think that
China 'controls' these grouplets, although
Chinese activists in Cambodia give them
assistance."
Officially, China had been chary about
giving any support of an official nature to
the Khmer Rouge. In past years there has
been no mention of their activities in the
People's Daily. The Chinese chose rather to
support Sihanouk, even extending him a
rather generous aid program.
In a sense, then, Sihanouk was the fulcrum
point between the contending leftist and
rightist, or pro-Western and Pro-Communist
forces. With Lon Nol's coup and the US inva-
sion of Cambodia, all that changed. Cambodia
is polarized: Lon Nol and the Army (with
American aid) on the right, and the Khmer
Rouge (with Hanoi and NLF aid) on the left.
Cambodia has become an annex of Vietnam
both politically and militarily. Sihanouk has
been forced to join friends where he finds
them. And from exile in Peking, his alterna-
tives are few. He has turned to the Khmer
Rouge, his erstwhile enemies. Their move-
ment, which has been small and almost un-
recognized on the international scene, now
has a leader of stature, the only man who has
the prestige to rally the Cambodian peasants
behind any mass movement. The Khmer
Rouge has been rejuvenated.
On April 17, Le Monde reported in a head-
line that in Svay Rieng, already "peasants ap-
pear to be joining the ranks of the local
Communist guerrillas." The article by Jean-
Claude Pomonti goes on to describe the newly
formed Khmer Rouge provisional govern-
ment and how the war is forcing peasants
into the expanding ranks of the Khmer
Rouge Army in the area. He writes: "Three
former deputies of the Cambodian National
Assembly, Mssrs. Khieu Sam Phon, Hou Youn
and Hu Nim, who rejoined the underground
several years ago and are considered the
leaders of the Khmer Rouge, published last
March 26 a declaration of support for Prince
Sihanouk." The three ex-deputies urge "all
our compatriots, in the city as well as the
countryside, not to enter into the army or
into the police to nerve as cannon fodder for
the American Imperialists and for the trai-
tors to the fatherland, Lon Nol and Sirik
Matak, to not pay them taxes, to not respect
their savage laws, and to sincerely and reso-
lutely unite in the National Unified Front of
Kampuchea [Cambodia 1, to organize guerrilla
forces of the Khmer people who are ready to
receive you now."
On April 21, in Le Monde, Jacques Decor-
noy reported that "a National Liberation
Front of Kampuchea [that is, of Cambodia]
has just been created. It already operates in
certain 'liberated territories' and claims to
carry out operations thanks to its 'liberator
the Khmer Army.'" A correspondent for
Agence France Presse quotes a cadre of the
Front as saying that they had already "to-
tally liberated" the province of Rattanakiri
and that, "The following year, perhaps soon-
er, we will be at Phom Penh. But the Prince
will return before that time." The corre-
spondent reported that the "Khmer Libera-
tion Army has vehicles and automatic ma-
chine guns taken from the Government
Army." The Khmer Rouge, with the help of
the NLF, seem uninterested at this point in
capturing towns and cities (which will only
be razed by US air strikes and armor). They
are reportedly determined to create "liber-
ated zones" a la Mao, from which they can
put a guerrilla army of their own in the
field.
Peking has taken careful note of all this.
Headlines in the People's Daily now trumpet
support for Sihanouk's government-in-exile
(which includes such Khmer Rouge leaders
as Hou Youn as Minister of the Interior and
Peasant Problems) and for the Summit Con-
ference of the Indochinese Peoples which was
attended by Chou En-lai, Sihanouk, Ngu-
yen Hun Tho (NLF), Pham Van Dong (DRV)
and Prince Souvanouvong (Pathet Lao).
On May 4, the New China News Service
reported Chou as saying: "Armed with Mao
Tse-tung's thought and tempered through
the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks July 1, 19
the Chine people, will always gite all-out
support an istance to 'the fraternal peo-
pies of Cam odia, Laos and Vietnam in
pie provide a powe I backing for the three
Indochinese peoples a d the vast expanse of
China's territory is th ^ reliable 'rear area'
thou-fang]." "Rear area is not a term the
Chinese have traditionall used with aban-
support on Sihanouk. One can rely believe
that they would have given such nqualifted
support (after initially being so (>ol) did
question whether US commanders will not
at some point be directing ground opera-
tions, but more probably air strikes, against
Khmer Rouge sanctuaries" (as well as those
of the NVA and NFL) in a prolonged Cam-
bodian civil war.
BABE RUTH BASEBALL
HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 29, 1970
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, due to a prior
commitment I was unable to attend the
breakfast held recently on Capitol Hill
in the interest of Babe Ruth baseball.
I am sorry that I missed this affair
as I did want to renew my long fri,end-
ship with one of the greatest players in
the history of major league baseball-
Vernon "Lefty" Gomez, who served as
toastmaster and performed in his usually
humorous and highly entertaining style.
We in northeastern Pennsylvania re-
member Lefty for his scintillating record
as a pitcher for the great New York
Yankees and we also remember him for
the Wilkes-Barre Barons. So, we go to
see Lefty quite often during those Y pars
things to say about Wilkes-Barre uring
the course of the recent Capit 1. Hill
breakfast program, and for that thank
young people and I particular y support
Babe Ruth baseball, which s a truly
named in honor of the gr atest player
in the history of baseball Ind I am sure
the Babe would not want?to be remem-
bered in a finer way.
So, I extend my congrat ations to M rs.
Babe Ruth, Lefty Gomez, Bowie ]Kuhn,
and the many others who are actively en-
gaged, in the promotion and further de-
velopment of Babe Ruth baseball. They
are performing a fine service to the youth
of our country.
MINNESOTA LEAGUE OF WOMEN
VOTERS URGES REPEAL OF THE
INDIAN TERMINATION RESOllJ-
TION
HON. DONALD M. FRASER
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 29, 1970
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker the League
of Women Voters in Minnesota has (lone
an outstanding job of focusing attention
on the needs and concerns of our State's
es an excellent
repeal this con-
e follows :
OF MINNESOTA,
Minn., June 24, 1970.
Hon. DONALD fq/FEASER,
U.S. House of R re: entatlees,
DEAR MR. RAs Thank you for taking
the lead to peal EFmuse Concurrent Resolu-
tion 108. T e enclol d letter is being sent. to
all Minn to Congresmen.
peal House Concurrent ResOluti 108. This
states that it is federal policy to it,,,,, -Toy
terminate Indian reservations. Alt ugh this
policy has not bee",' pushed in rece t years,
it still is on record as being the gover-^ ent's
We refer to this resolution, passed in 3
because its wording was inaccurate to be n
with and when it was enforced, the resul
were disastrous. it states:
"Whereas it is the policy of Congress, as
rapidly as possible, to make the Indians
within the territorial limits of the United
States subject to the same laws and entitled
to the same privileges and responsibilities as
are applicable to other citizens of the United
States, to end their status as wards of the
United States, and to grant them all of the
rights and prerogatives pertaining to Ameri-
can citizenship; and
"Whereas the Indians within the territorial
limits of the United States should assume
their full responsibilities as American citi-
zens: Now therefore. be it Resolved by the
House of Representatives (the Senate con-
curring), that it is declared to be the sense
of Congress that, at the earliest possible time
. (tribes in 4 states and 5 named tribes) .
should be freed from Federal supervision and
control and from all disabilities and limita-
tions specialty applicable to Indians .. .11
The resolution is cast, in terms of granting
Indians the .`rights and privileges of citizens.
Indians are already American citizens and
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ileges and responsibilities as are applicable
to other citizens." (Mihtsry service, paying
taxes, etc.) Also they jre not in any sense
governmen t now holds reserva-
trust status on behalf of the
lution is not so important; for what it would
give Indians as for what it would remove
from them." And this is what has happened
as the sad stories of the Menominee and
Klamath tribes attest.
Indians throughout the nation, no matter
what their circumstances, fear this resolu-
tion. It has never been rejected by Congress
and could at any time be used to threaten
their limited remaining lands and their very
existence.
We urge you to join in the action to re-
scind House Concurrent Resolution 108.
Sincerely,
MIS O. J. JANSIU,
State President.
CONGRESSMAN PATTEN'S YEARLY
QUESTIONNAIRE
HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 29, 1970
Mr. PATTEN, Mr. Speaker, each year I
send it legislative questionnaire to every
home in the congressional district I rep-
resent.
The response has always been gratify-
ing-not only in the number of persons
who take part, but ill the deep interest
and strong enthusiasm they display in
expressing their views.
This year's questionnaire consists of 10
questions-six on domestic issues and
four on foreign affairs.
The questions are:
Please list what yo::l consider to be the
three most serious domestic problems
facing the Nation.
. Dr. Arthur F. Burns, Chairman of the
Federal Reserve Board, said that wage
and price controls may be necessary be-
cause of inflation. Would you favor such
controls on a temporary basis?
Should Federal spending be increased
fight air and water pollution?
to system for military service to an alI-
vol teer army?
Do you believe the Nation's space pro-
gram s uld beexpanded, cut back, or be
continue at the present rate?
Do you , pport legislation that would
establish - eral health and safety
standards for orkers?
On the Vietrts, n war, which one of
these alternatives alp you favor?
First. President ti n's present Viet-
namization policy-a p ed withdrawal
of U.S. combat troops to replaced by
South Vietnamese troops.
Second. Disengagement at a fxste_ r pace
than the President is pursuing.
Third. Increasing the U.S. military ef-
fort.
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July 1, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE H 6317
standards to"insure the reliability and cbm-
parabilit marine data.
The It is Development Administra-
tion also can tribute to the development
of marine Indus . through its efforts to
bring new econ m opportunity to geo-
What this means is thk
the organizations and people
icated to the operation of N
be available a rich "resource of
t
lytical, marketing, finance, txa )n port,
and state-coordination' talent:
If h appear to dwell upon the Dep tment's
role in the .new effort, it is becaus I am
most intimately familiar with it. B let
me point out that in the Federal estab sh-
ment, no agency is an island. In all thi s,
and particularly, in the environment, ma
agendies make direct and indirect contribu
tion$ to the effort. So it will be in this
one: we want and need tile assistance of
our sister agencies, and we shall work with
them. in a spirit of willing-cooperation to
get the results the Nation needs.
Thus far I have spoken to govern'ment's
responsibilities in the marine area. It is an
area in which the participation of science
and technology, the universities, and in-
dustry outside of government are vital. The
health and growth of the entire Nation are
dependent to a large degree upon the scien-
tific and technological capabilities which re-
side in the marine area.
Further, we are convinced that the whole
area of marine technology needs develop-
ment. by industry, with the assistance of gov-
ernrnent. Our search for a unified` philosophy
of ocean.management in the larger environ-
mental context is in fact a search for the
road 'to economic growth, and it is one in
which industry must be a full partner.
Ws intend to ask for the creation of a
distinguished national advisory coniml ee
hall
to work directly with the Secretary of m-
' Lxi atsembling that group, we hall
draw upon the talents of the Natio s top
leaders in marine affairs,
For if. one fact, emerges clearly It this
maze of -watery complexities, it fs t s: every
pos-
advance in oceanic affairs will' be
utions of
sible or enhanced by the contri
marine technology, and in ma
industrially-based marine tech
Fundamental technology rel
rine minerals exploration and e
be forthcoming. Survey equi
developed and ocean vessels ful
with the most advanced nsc
processing systems. If we re e
power systems for under a op(
aquac
resource deielopnient, if
p
takeon,.new meaning fish
castrate, is to become staple
proposal, if our ails
Lakes fishes are to be preserved
} plied, if'global env nmental
is to'becoine a realit
Marine technolog will have
first,
a time when
We are enterin
his environ
make the most
part of it. When
nature of a pro
solving it, no
bility,it may ap,ear. And this IE
be with the pro lems we have N
about here,
Let us, get o with it-togeth
.
fe>.n rks will appear, hereafter in the
BETTERING CONDITIONS AT BAR-
GAINING TABLE BETWEEN LABOR
AND INDUSTRY
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Pennsylvania (Mr. DENT) is
recognized for 30 minutes.
Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, I would like
to take the time to read into the RECORD
a letter from Joseph A. Beirne, president
of the Communications Workers
America, as well as the text of his add ss
to the Personnel Administration oci-
ation of Baltimore.
I do this to show that there a within
the labor fraternity men wh are giving
a great deal of time and en y to better-
ing conditions at the b gaining table
between labor and indu y:
On. JOHN H. DENT,
House of Represe atives,
W hington, D.C.
DEAR MR. D : The current and re-
curri collectiv bargaining controversies
are g erating considerable ?amount of
popular tten n now, but for many in Con-
gress an fo those of us who live in the
world of ective bargaining, attention to
this issue a 365-days a year proposition.
.We t to nd ways to improve collective
bargai g, to make it work better for
all o are ncerned and all who are
afec d.
I ould like to ubmit a suggestion along
t se lines to you.
It is obvious to me rom my experience that
charge of obtaining an retaining employees,
.do not have the influe a they should have
in management. They d not seem to be an
influence in managemen decisions on cor-
porate and on public po cy which relate
directly to their assignment"
For instance, many perso el people are
hiring inner city residents wh ave not been
given the education they onee to perform
adequately on the job" But wh Congress
proposes aid to schools in deer ed areas,
management associations lobby a ainst it.
Meanwhile management has to ins tute its
own costly remedial education pro \1andd
train the employee in elementary schigh school skills. So managementtions are, in effect, lobbying againagement's real interests.
I made this the topic of the speech to the Personnel Administrsociation of Baltimore, several weand since you have an interest in collective
bargaining as well as an interest in influ-
ences on the legislative process, I submit it
for your perusal.
Sincerely yours,
JOSEPH A. BEIRNE,
President.
VITAL ISSUES
(Text of address by Joseph A. Beirne, pres-
ident, Communications Workers of Amer-
ica, AFL-CIO, to the members of the Per-
sonnel Administration of Baltimore, March
18, 1970)
I appreciate your invitation to speak here
tonight. It has a special appeal to me be-
cause we are both in professions which focus
on personnel.
You look at it as management officials,
-I look at it as the President of a labor
union.
So, perhaps our orientations are different.
But as we explore this for the next 20
minutes or so, I think we can develop this
relationship between your work and mine-
between organized labor and personnel
management.
I would like to go beyond the aspect which
we are 9,11 familiar with . the day-to-day
involvement and the contract expiration to
new contract involvement.
There is another very significant dimen-
sion to our work which is barely ever rec-
ognized and hardly ever utilized.
It is undercover, 4pyniSnt.
But it has f!F the seeds of great and
positive a vement which can mutually
benefit of just you as management .
not st me as a Union President , . , but
e ryone.
That undercover and dormant relationship
is our mutual need-your need and my
need-to be stronger influences . more
dominant influences . . . in the decisions of
top management.
I cannot believe that personnel people ...
who have the responsibility of obtaining and
retaining an adequate work force . are
given the voice you should have in forming
management's public and corporate policies.
For more than 25 years, I have been Presi-
dent of the Communications Workers of
America, and during those years-just as I
have successively been re-elected President-
I have dealt with successive managements of
the American Telephone and Telegraph Com-
pany and other companies.
Our contracts attest to the. Communica-
tions Workers' ability to influence manage-
ment so far as good wages and working con-
ditions and job security are concerned.
I would not be standing before you as
President of a Union which represents more
than a half-million workers if that were not
so.
But when I look at the public policies of
American management ... especially in the
harsh light of the problems that face us
all in the 1970s, I see much room for im-
provement.
This is where our relationship can and
should go to work.
This is where our problems are mutual,
and where our benefits would be mutual.
We are all consumers,
Management families and worker families
eat meat bought at the same markets. Both
want the same thing-a clean, pure product.
In 1967 organized labor worked in Congress
for a strong consumer law on meat.
The organizations that speak for manage-
ment did not.
Management children and workers' chil-
dren ride school buses-very often the same
school buses. Last month--after intensive
publicity on brake and clutch failure--
General Motors recalled thousands of faulty
buses for repairs.
Organized labor fought for strong laws on
automotive safety.
The organizations that speak for manage-
ment did not.
The irony in this lack of linkage between
ue corporate needs and corporate public
licy is a national tragedy.
anagement must be made to perceive it.
Th re is a way to bring it home.
u who are responsible for personnel have
the portunity to do it.
Qu a often you see coming into your
offices , the young men and young women of
the gh to who are looking for jobs.
You ee the high school graduates with
fifth gr a reading ability.
But y are looking for young people who
can com ehend detailed written procedure
manuals.
You see people from a deprived culture
which did t include practicing normal work
habits-sue things as getting to work on
time five d ys a week, eating meals at a
regular time all of the attitudes and mores
previous gen rations of personnel managers
took for gran ed.
But you at1 must provide an adequate
work force for our employer.
This became a recognized national problem
in the 1960s, but for many years before then
organized labor saw that education was un-
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1Vr.
COOTE addressee the Hp } e; His
cases of
uiture is to
`rotehi con-
man must
ment-every
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I 631$ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
derfinanced In this nation, and organized
labor fought for Tederal aid to education.
It took the Russians' Sputnik-the first
space vehicle, to get movement started in aid
to education.
And it took until 1965 to get federal aid
to elementary and l igly schoolt.
Organizations which speak, for manage-
ment on Capitol Sill oppose It,. and still
today they fight to cut its appropriations
every time money is sought.
President Nixon vetoed the IhEW appropri-
ation bill this year because he said it had too
much money-$1.3 billion-and not all for
educa,tidn--in it.
That $1.8 billion was supposed to be in-
flationary, but $1.3 billion is about one half
of one percent of the federal budget. It is
about one-tenth of one percent of a trillion-
dollar Gross National Product.
And It is just a drop In the very large
bucket of what our schools need so that they
can turn out the graduates you need. -
Chase Manhattan Bank, the biggest bank
in New Yrk, has (teen forced to confront
this problem. In 1043 eight percent of its
employees were inner city, residents-ghetto
resident. In 1970 the figure was 30 percent.
With this increase caine associated situa-
tions such as charges of bias on the part of
white supervisors against the new employees.
Chase investigated. It found that there was
bias , .. that some supervisors were putting
their personal feelings ahead of doing what
they were being paid to do-supervise fairly
and impartially.
Chase has had to develop a program to
correct this attitude among supervisors,
But with a turnover rate of about 70 per-
cent In starting level jobs, Chase will con-
tinue' to have the problem of the ghetto
graduate . . the graduate who must look
to a supervisor to train him and condition
him to be a successful worker.
The corporations -are having to do what
the school and the neighborhood failed to do.
They are beginning to realize the dimensions
of the job they fate.
Chase's vice president in charge of train-
frig, Henry Coburn, discussed this In the Wall
Street Journal ... and 'these are Coburn's
words . "I'll never understand why the
hell everybody in New York isn't screaming
bloody murder "
Screaming bloody murder to whom?
To the Chamber of Ccunnnerce of the United
States ... and the National Association of
Manufacturers ... and the American Bank-
ers Association . . for opposing programs
which would at least CIO a little to improve
education?,
Aren't these organizations working at
cross-purposes with you?
Management has the problem of having to
hire employees whose education and back-
ground do not prepare them for effective
work. A program is developed to improve
neighborhoods and improve schools. Mai ge-
ments spokesmen fight the program.
Isn't that self-defeating?
So I ask you to point out this gap between
management attitude and management op-
portunity when your responsibility for per-
sonnel is being discussed.
You face the problem ... you are most
competent to ask management to turn
around and look at this from a new perspec-
tive.
You see Its rate of acceleration more accu-
rately,than others.
The speed of change, brought about by the
computer and Instant comulunigations, is not
:'eally recognized yet. It is tomorrow before
we can see what happened to us today, It is
the day after tomorrow before` we can, find
out why it happened. And by the time we
develop a program to do solnebling about it,
A may be too late.
Unless management gets moving.
In telephone colamublcatio9ns we have
worked out a ,program called the "buddy
system" in some places, and under other
names elsewhere, to do something about hard
core unemployment. ThIs was done in con-
junction with the Bell companies. It is move-
ment in the right direction.
The Bell System could make many more
moves in :areas which affect its employees
both as workers and as fellow citizens
It has not
Its ability to manage Is deteriorating rap-
idly. I get no pleasure in telling you that, but
It is a fact.
It has pluperfect public relations programs
for public issues, but I see no signs of its
Capitol Hill spokesmen working for anything
progressive.
My union has called for enactment of a
principle which states that every American
is entitled, as a matter of right, to all of
the education he can successfully utilize,
from pre-elementary through graduate school
with desire to learn. and ability to absorb
as the only two criteria.
We would welcome support for this from
the associations which represent manage-
ment before Congress.
My Union has also called upon Its almost
900 locals to participate,in the nonpartisan
teach-ins on environment which will take
place on campuses across the nation this
April 22.
We will take part in their organization,
planning their direction, and in post-teach-
in follow-throughs designed to achieve re-
sults.
I hope management will give sincere sup-
port to the environmental teach-ins.
The problems of pollution for manage-
ment have gone far beyond what public re-
lations departments' can handle through
devious proclamations puffing up what es-
sentially are hollow programs.
It is too late for that.
Our earth is plainly in peril ... we face
a catastrophe.
An instant cease fire can stop a shooting
war while negotiations take place, but there
is no way to stop a pollution war while a
clean-up takes place.
Sewage .and garbage, like taxes and death,
do not stop.
So today's technology, which took men to
the moon . and let us communicate with
them,lboth visually avid audibly ... must de-
velop the methods to eradicate pollution.
Will management's cost experts establish
attitudes on this, or will its human experts
establish the attitudes?
If management looks at this from the
point of view of how much it can get by
with, and how little of the expense it can
pay, you will have a situation similar to the
one, you have with employment.
You will have another people problem.
You will have men and women working to
produce products, knowing at the same time
they are polluting their air and water, and
their children's air and water.
Nobody can live that way for very long.
Management must make the little turn
it takes to sincerely see the problems which
we face mutually and collectively. If it
does . .. if the human oriented people in
management prevail over those who see
things only in 9,he te:rms of sterile costs and
PR puffery-we will have made a true move
in this country.
Historically, Americans have been able to
do that.
When great crises arose in the past, we
became pluralists .. we saw the other side
of the story. We understood what thg other
side was trying to say, and enough of us
agreed on a solution to -make it work.
I think we are inching toward something
like that now.
I do not think we are approaching it fast
enough.
Our American system has always seemed
to me not to be forged out of tteel, but a
July 1, 1970
fabric woven from many threads. Some of it
is weak: some of it is beautiful embroidery;
some of it is unbreakable.
Here and there, under pressure and strain,
the fabric wears thin and unravels. So those
of us who can, and who want to, try to re-
weave the damaged places, and make them
stronger than before.
For almost 200' year-s we have been able
to repair the fabric and keep it together be-
cause when we had to, we got to the basic
cause of a .problem, and we treated it. We
forgot about the symptoms and started
working on the disease.
Our country today ha. some dangerously
thin spots. .
The economy is in a treacherous early re-
cession, but prices are still going up. Our
cities are riot able to provide the amenities
residents need. Our medical discoveries are
superb but we deliver health care through a
horse and buggy system. In 85 years, our
air and water may be unusable.
It is late, but we are recognizing what we
face.
We are looking at basic causes more, and
outward symptoms less.
We are becoming solution oriented.
So I am not giving up. I. have been fighting
too long to give up now.
I hope that your profr.esion is not giving
up.
I hope that it is moving toward taking
a new view, from a new perspective, at these
situations we have discussed.
You have the right to ask if your manage-
ment really understands these dilemmas.
You have a right to ask if the associations
which speak for your industry are saying
the kinds of things that will hell) you.
That is what I as a union official, have been
doing.
So, in summary, we have talked about our
mutual need to be stronger influences in
management's corporate and public policy.
We have looked at some areas of collective
interest---education, environment, consumer
legislation. We have noted the ironic and
tragic disparity between management's true
goals and the self-defeating actions of man-
agement toward achievirg; those goals.
And we have suggested that management
scrutinize its attitudes toward these situ-
ations, see them from a new perspective, and
close its opportunity gap.
My experience, and the ]:history of this na-
tion, both say it will work
It has since the days of antiquity, when
a poet urged others to take on a necessary
but hard task by telling them ... "you can,
becauselvq th k you car."
THEAST ASIA: THE FUTURE
The SPEAKER pro I empore. Under a
previous order of the House the gentle-
man from Texas (Mr. (3oNZA1.rz) is rec-
ognized for 20 minutes.
Mr. GONZALEZ. Ml. Speaker, Presi-
dent Nixon has withdrawn all U.S.
ground forces from Cambodia. But our
Air Force continues its strikes there and
the future of that country remains in
doubt, as dyes the future of all South-
east Asia. The military tactical maneuver
is over, but the murky political questions
both present and future remain with us
still. Questions that have long been
asked remain without answers.
The chief question is what is our goal
in Southeast Asia? What is it we seek,
and why?
President Johnson stated the case in
terms of an American commitment to
freedom in Asia, which would be a com-
mittnent as real as our commitment to
the defense of freedom in Europe. Presi-
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duly 1, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
dent Nixon states that our policy is
simply to assure free choice; he seems
to say that any government in any coun-
try is all right, so long 'as that govern-
ment obtains power by more or less le-
gitimate means. There is not much dif-
ference between these statements of pol-
icy, at least not much difference that can
readily be seen.
The problem is that in fact our goal
in Southeast Asia is not clear. Are we out
to defeat aggression, or are we not? And
why is Southeast Asia of concern to us?
If Vietnam is vital, then why is not Cam-
bodia equally vital to our interests? If
our military commitment is lesser today
than it was yesterday, why is it that our
Air Force has greater combat assign-
ments now than it did a month or so
ago?
Americans are not ashamed to.corunit
themselves to the cause of freedom, or to
the defense of another land; history
shows that indeed we welcome such a
challenge, when it becomes necessary.
There can be no question of the deterini-
nation and courage of our people, if they
are given a cause that they can truly be-
lieve in. But as a free,people, Americans
demand, and have a right to know, what
objective it is that they fight for, and
why.
Answers are required, answers that
have not been given either by Congress
or by the President.
These are matters that cannot be set-
tled in the easy exchange of simple slo-
gans, or in partisan charge and counter-
charge. The election of 1968 is past, and
it is time that the politicians of that con-
test cease politiking and assume states-
manship. The decisions that must be
taken now and the policies that must be
explained cannot be taken, cannot be ex-
plained, in so simple_a fashion as partisan
politics.
We are told often enough by the Presi-
dent that we have three options. But
there are always three options, no matter
what the situation may be: do nothing,
do a little, do a lot. The issue is not over
what the tactics-what the options are-
but why it is that the question, concerns
us at all.
If- we had three options in Vietnam in
1965, we also had three options in 1968
and in 1970. It is not enough to say that
17 months ago one thing was done, and
now w.Q are doing another What must be
said is why.
That is not so simple, 'but that is what
must be explained. I think that our peo-
ple understand the options of life well
enough, but that they-all of us-are
simply puzzled about the larger issue-
what, after all, iqs our goal? Not how do
we get there, but where is It?
The fact ,is that Congress has never
answered the ques .ion of what, ourgoal
is, and has never elf imdP,a,gomxqi -,
ment to the war in Southeast Asia,
beyond a aresolution that the Senate now
rebuffs, with blessings from the White
House itself,
And that has, led to the fundamental
cause of our national, malaise the use
of conscripts~in a protracted, and accord-
ing tq the President, indecisive. ar.
The draft demands.that?4 man go and
fight 'wherever required, war or no. But
this is not what can be demanded of a
man who calls himself free. A free man
is not one who can be conscripted to go
into combat where his elected represen-
tatives have not declared war to exist,
as is required in the Constitution.
Congress once placed rigid restraints
on the use of draftees. Right up until
the very beginning of World War II, no
conscript could be sent out of the West-
ern Hemisphere unless Congress au-
thorized it. But the present draft per-
mits the President to use any number
of conscripts in any place, regardless of
whether Congress has declared war to
exist or not.
And so we now force men into combat
without so much as bothering to say
answer those hard questions: what are
our goals, and what are our national
objectives?
It is little wonder that thousands re-
sist the draft.
I have for several years sponsored a
bill that would prohjbit the use of
draftees in a combat' zone without a
declaration of war.
Some of my friends think this to be a
radical bill, and others think of its as
less than serious. But in fact it is only
an extension of a protection that Con-
gress itself demanded 30 years ago.
What Congress has lost is the power
to commit our country to war,
Until and unless Congress regains
that power, Presidential wars will take
place, and the country will again and
again be plunged into crises such as we
see today..
Congress does not have any authority
to determine the conduct of a war, but
it does have the authority and the re-
sponsibility to determine whether war is
justified, and whether a commitment of
this Nation to war is necessary, and to
what end.
I do not ask that Congress be given
the power to control the movement of
forces in the field; that-is,for generals.
But what I do ask is that we regain the
power to determine whether free men
are to be committed to war,
This is not radical; this Is not inter-
ference with the President; it is simply
the recognition of plain constitutional
duty, and the exercise of freedom as it
was intended to be exercised.
For if Congress forbade the use of con-
scripts in undeclared wars, we could be
assured that protected wars would be
avoided, at least until and unless the
Congress determined that such wars are
necessary, and this would require that we
answer those questions that we have so
long avoided in Southeast Asia: What
are our goals, what are our interests?
Some historians have said in assess-
ing the Korean war that the tragedy
was that the American people would per-
mit the use of draftees in a protected
and indecisive Asian conflict These ob-
servers believed that the only solution-
since there would be future wars in
Asia-as indeed Vietnam proved there
would be-what had to be done was to
provide for a professional army that
would be like the Roman legions of old,
fighting anywhere to protect the Empire.
,But this begged the question. The fact
is that in Southeast Asia, France used
only professional soldiers and let, an
ally-the United States-pay a good part
H 6319
of the bill. But those legions-with a long
and proud history-could not win in In-
dochina, The reason was not military but
political. The people of France had no
clear idea of why they were being taxed
to fight a long and bloody war in Indo-
china.
And so France was defeated.
The equation has not changed in all
the intervening years. The military facts
are the same., The U.S. forces in
Vietnam cannot, be defeated militarily.
But this is a political war, and it is beg-
ging the question'to say that we cannot
be defeated milj.tarify-we know that-
and it is begging,the question to say that
all draftees will be out of combat by
September. It is useless to talk of weap-
ons seized, rice burned, and men killed,
as long as the political questions remain
unanswered, and those answers can be
neither,simple nor painless.
Cambodia is over, but it remains an
open question, for the United States has
assumed yet another commitment.
The future remains a puzzle, and it
will until we know clearly what it is we
are trying to achieve in Southeast Asia,
and why.
This is what Congress must address it-
self to. This is what the President must
address himself to. It is a matter demand-
ing leadership. It is a matter demanding
honesty and courage, not shallow politi-
cal maneuverings, not debating around
moot points. The fact is, painful as it
may be, that the answers to the Vietnam
riddle will be difficult, and that our pain-
ful sacrifice will not easily be ended. I
do not think that Americans will shrink
from the truth; all they ask Is that it be
stated. If we do not have the courage to
face the questions, then we have no right
to be dismayed over division and confu-
sion in the country today.
Let us get on with our task.
INTEGRATION MAY HARM BLACKS
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Louisiana (Mr. RARICK) is rec-
ognized for 20 minutes.
Mr. RARICK. Mr.' Speaker, vast sums
of taxpayers' money have been and con-
tinue to be expended to attain theoret-
ical egalatarian goals through forced in-
tegration. Since forced integration is un-
natural and the antithesis of liberty, it
has created great hostility among all the
people and has in reality accomplished
nothing. Race relations today are far
worse than before 1954 and there has
been no evidence of any improvement as
the result of appropriations of larger
sums of money or passage of additional
social force laws.
There is no evidence whatever, that
compulsory integration in education has
accomplished more academic progress
than free choice would have achieved. In
fact, the opposite has been proven.
Hearings have been conducted before
the General Subcommittee on Education
of the Education and Labor Committee
concerning integration in education. Two
of our country's leading scientfl'ic au-
thorities on genetics and behavior have
appeared and testified. I feel that the
testimony of each of these men is so
crucial to full understanding of the edu-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - I HOUSE July 1, 19U0
catiofalbleams we face, that include
the ma nts of Dr, Ernest Van Den
STATE*xicier or
Mr. Chairman an
mittee, my name is
Universityof Naples.
yard and Yale
Association, Royal
New York Academy a Guggenheim Fellow (1967).
sional journals and encyclopedias as well as
chapters in books, e.g., "Psychoanalysis and
Discontents," appearing in Psychoanalysis,
Scientific Method and Philosophy, and
"Genuine and Spurious Integration," appsar-
ing in Psychoanalysis and the Social Sciences.
tion ("Psychoanalysis and Utopia").
My work mostly concerns study of the
groups or student groups) and ho group
member} relate to others. Such st dies are
result of compulsory congregatfonfin schools.
On the basis of those studies,/ appear to-
day to question the validity of the purpose
purpose of the bill as a 30'ressed in Section 2
to improve the quality of education in the
United States by ine easing the degree of
ERNEST VAN DEN HAAG BE-
~LSUBCOMMrrrEE ON EMU-
PUCATION AND LABOR Com-
ODUCTION
members of the Com-
st van den Haag. I
Philosophy at New
at the New School
F ehology and soci-
in 'private p:,ac-
Prom Univer-
.A. d ee from New
so ha e udied in Eu-
niversity of
e, and the
I have lectu d at liar-
Universities. am a
clety of App d Psy-
logical
Economic Soots and
of Sciences;
am
a natural process whi
actual behavior. In
is formed, or as i
of the group, t.
Lion is takin
members of Ahe group,
the social u66 and g
acteristi
which
tified.
thus
Av from which res
3 of
the
subcultural or famil.7 conditions-are likely
to react with :redoul3led hostility to white
pupils, teachers and Institutions-to school-
ing as a whole, It will be labeled "irrelevant."
Ir. GROUP MEMBERerfIP AND INDIVIDUAI.
IDz:;9TrrT
(1) Every individual needs to identify with
a particular group. Such an identification is
essential for the development of personality.
This Is clearly expressed by Dr. Glaister A.
Elmer (Michigan State College) in "Identi-
heation as a Social Concept" (Sociology and
Social Research., Vol, 39, No. 2 (1954), pp.
103-109).
"The social psychologists, however,
should start first by relating the individual
to his reference and membership groups and
then proceed to the finer details of person-
ality problems: . . . In the binding in-group
formation, the real identification of individ-
ual members are anchored i the group. A
sense of solidarity is. gen d in them as
preferential association is based
rvable differences, among them
cts o f the 'Minorities' Prob-
Age, Summer, 1958, pp. 285-
actual evidence, th integration will be edu-
cationally and pa hologically beneficial,
This legislation/before the Committee as-
sumes fundamentally that academically and
socially effective classroom groups can be
formed by putting black and white students
together' in larger numbers in a single class-
room regardless of their wishes and that
this will improve ' their education and de-
crease the differences as well as hostilities
which now exist between them. Yet such an
enforced congregation of two identifiable
racial groups, one deprived in relation to the
other, does 'not diminish, but rather 'in-
creases the divisive ,forces which now exist
between these students and the consequent
increase in classroom tension leads to a sub-
stantial decrease in the educational accom-
plishment of both groups and multiplies the
disciplinary problems which detract from the
essential student attention required for ef-
fective study berg reported in "Selective Association
If such Integration is compelled, as this Among Ethnic Groups in a High School
bill proposes to do, It will injure rather than Population" (American Sociological Review,
assist the future educational accomplishment Vol. 17, No. 1 (1952) ). He found:
of the nation's schools. ". . every ethnic group showed a prefer-
The blacks who will, feel humiliated, by ence for its Own members in each of the
their low performance relative to white four relationships covered by the question.
children-be it owed to genetic, economic, , ethnocentrism or prejudice is not con-
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tion t
functi
(2)
men.
tation an
George A.
lem (Mode
297) :
necessarily base
ences between
seek and those
variety, of all deg
tiety, and vastly
quences: Sex, age,
the list of difference
but All the items ha'
in question. It is, they
to try to ignore, deny or
studied high school stu
Washington, to find out
an associate also
fined to
group .. .
. A certain amount of ethnocentrism
is a normal and necessary ingredient of all
group life, i.e.. it is the basic characteristic
that differentiates one group from another
and thus is fundamental to social structure.
Ethnocentrism ('discrimination,' 'preju-
dice') is, therefore, not in itself necessarily
to be rpfrded as a problem. It is rather
problem In the sense of requiring commu-
nity action. The amount of discrimination
that has been shown to e:dst in the present
study, for example, is not incompatible
with the peaceful and edicient functioning
of the Institution in question .
There are a substantial number of studies
reported in social science literature which
indicate that the attitudes reported in
Lundberg's study of Seattle, Washington, are
not confined to that particular city. Indeed,
social scientists find In all areas where
groups of diverse origin and appearance
come into contact, some degree of race pref-
erence and selective association is mani-
fested by the various groups.
(3) At one time it was assumed that
certain areas of the world were free from
race prejudice. Hawaii and Brazil were often
cited as examples of interracial "alohas"
where all race prejudice had disappeared.
More careful students of these areas have
found that despite a superficial interracial
harmony, racial preferences and prejudices
are manifested in both these areas. In
"Racial Attitudes in Brazil" (American
Journal of Sociology, Val. 54, No. 5 (1949),
pp, 402-408), Dr. Emilio Willems described
color prejudice in the city of Sao Paulo,
Brazil, as manifested in a series of inter-
views carried out among middle and upper-
class whites. Dr. Willema found:
''Of the 245 advertisers,, 194 were inter-
viewed about the reason for their unfa-
vorable attitude toward Negro servants. In
this interview, 48 were unable to give any
clear answer, but they found their own at-
titude 'very natural.' 18 advertisers did not
accept Negro servants because of presumed
lack of cleanliness; 30 thought black house-
maids were always thieves; 14 alleged in-
stability and lack of assiduity; and 12 said
only that they were used to white servants
and therefore did not wish to engage colored
ones. Seven persons precluded Negroes be-
cause of the contact they would have with
their young children. There were a few other
reasons, such as 'race odor,' 'bad character,'
'laziness,' 'carelessness,' and other imperfec-
tions that were ascribed to Negro servants.
"There are many situations in social life
where white people refuse to be seen with
Negroes. In such public places as high-class
hotels, restaurants, or casdnoes, fashionable
clubs and dances, Negroes are not desired.
and there are few whites who dare to intro-
duce Negro friends or relatives into such
places. This discrimination was strongly re-
sented by middle-class Negroes. On the other
hand, those Negroes complained bitterly of
the contemptuous attitudes that middle-
class mulattoes assumed toward them.
"Yet our inquiry led to some other inter-
esting results. In 23 out of 36 cases the
questionnaires contained references to for-
mal associations of all kinds from which
Negroes were excluded. Usually these asso-
ciations are clubs maintained by the upper-
class families of the city. Though there does
not exist any reference to Negro members in
club statutes, these are rarely admitted . . ."
In "Stereotypes, Norms and Interracial Be-
havior in Sao Paulo, Brasil" (American So-
ciological Review,, Vol. 222, No. 6 (1957) ).
Professors Roger Bastille sand Pierre van den
Berghe found on the basis of a question-
naire given to 580 white students from five