FROG-7 REPORTED IN EGYPT IS HIGHLY MOBILE MISSILE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP72-00337R000300030001-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 16, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 1, 1970
• Content Type: NSPR

NEW YORK TIMES DATE PAGE
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FROG-7 Reported in Egypt Is Highly Mobile Missile
A
A Soviet-built Frog-7 ready for firing. The launching rail is mounted on a truck.
A new term in the Middle
East's dictionary of weapons
has been introduced by Mrs.
Golda Meir's assertion that
the United Arab Republic
now has FROG missiles.
In an interview published
in The New York Times yes-
terday the Israeli Premier
stated that the Egyptians
"did not have missiles a year
and a'? half ago, and now we
know ... there are surface-
to-surface missiles of the
FROG-7 type."
FROG - an acronym for
Free Rocket Over Ground -
is the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization's designation
for a category of short-range
missiles, highly mobile and
capable of delivering a con-
ventional explosive or a nu-
clear warhead. The FROG-7 sile the spinning motion it
is the latest addition to this needs for proper stabilization,
category. much as the grooves inside
First displayed in Moscow the barrel of a rifle start a
on Nov. 7, 1965, the FROG-7 bullet spinning on its true
is classified as a solid-fuel,
single-stage missile. It ds
about 31 feet long and about
18 inches in diameter. Its vis-
ible characteristics are a cy-
lindrical body, conical nose
and four tail fins of trun-
cated-dellta shape. Small sleds
for the launching rail can be
seen at midsection and its
main exhaust nozzle is sur-
rounded by a ring of small
course.
Its mobility and simplicity
are assets. Carried on a. truck
that serves as launcher, the
missile can be fired by a few
men, six at most. Once aim
has been taken, the launching
rail is raised to the desired
elevation and the weapon is
fired. As with a bullet, the
angle of elevation at the mo-
ment of firing determines the
nozzles. distance the rocket will
The FROG-7 is unguided, travel.
that is, it is not directed by The range of this weapon
is not known exactly, but esti-
radio to its target. The burn- mates of the post-1960
ing gases ejected through the FROGS are put at between
small nozzles give the mis- 30 and 70 miles.
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NEW YORK TIMES
U.S. STILL WATCHES
SUEZ BY SATELLITE
Continues Truce Inspection
After Halting U-2 Flights
By BENJAMIN WELLES
WASHINGTON, Dec. 1-The tl
United States is continuing to
survey the Suez Canal area
periodically by earth-orbiting
military satellites, it was re-
ported today.
Meanwhile the United States l
is keeping two U-2 high-level I
reconnaissance aircraft at the
British base of Akrotiri in
Cyprus after stopping their
flights over the Suez area. The
aircraft, which fly at altitudes
of 15 miles and are fitted with
special cameras, could be used
quickly should tension flare up
again.
Robert J.. McCloskey, State
Department spokesman, dis-
closed yesterday that the
United States ended the U-2
flights on Nov. 10. They had
been taking place every three
of four days since Aug. 10 to
help insure observance of a
cease-fire that became effective
Aug. 7.
The United States ended the
flights, according to informants,
primarily because it believed
that Egypt had completed her
build-up of antiaircraft missiles
and the likelihood of renewed
fighting between Israel ,'and',
Egypt was diminishing.
British Were Nervous
Moreover the British Govern-
ment was reportedly growing
nervous about, the United
States' use of the Cyprus base:
as the left-wing Cypriote press!
maintained a campaig not criti-
cism.
United States Government
specialists on Middle East af-
fairs are said to feel that the
Soviet Union has now furnished
sufficient missiles to halt the
threat of further Israeli air
raids deep into Egypt. These
raids humiliated the Cairo Gov-
ernment last spring and led to
the missile build-up.
The specialists believe, that
the Russians are now telling
Egypt that she is sufficiently
well defended from Israeli air
attacks to return to the bar-
gaining table. The Soviet Un-
ion is also said to feel that fur-
ther Arab-Israeli tension would
result in more supplies of Unit-
ed States arms to Israel.
Israel is being portrayed by
the specialists as stronger mili-
tarily than last spring, because
of the Nixon Administration's
arms deliveries.
United States. military satel-
lites normally, provide photo-
graphic coverage of Comit4hISt
China and the Soviet Umoti, i"t1-
formants report. These satel-
lites can also be programed to
photograph the Middle East.
The satellites are used prl-
marily for strategic inteilence
whereas the U-2's, informant- I
say, are more -efficient f fr day-
to-dugh ad tactical intelligence. Al-
tho now 10 years old, these
planes still provide minute de-
tails of areas considered essen-
tial to United States security,
informants say.
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NEW 'YORK 'T MES ,jA),A
V. S. Says it ended U-2 Flights
At Suez Weeks Before Protest
By BENJAMIN WELLES
Special to The " "'" ""'"'??
WASHINGTON, Nov. 30
,The United States halted flights
of U-2 photographic planes over
the Suez Canal area three
weeks ago, officials here dis-
closed today. .
The disclosure followed re-
ports from Cairo yesterday that
the United Arab Republic had
expressed resentment to United
States officials in Cairo over
continuing activity by the high-
flying aircraft and was planning
a stiffly worded protest to
Washington.
Officials here said they were
puzzled by Egypt's stand since
both the Egyptian Government
and its Soviet military advisers
presumably were aware of the
discontinuance of the flights
three weed ago.
The officials suggested that
i Cairo, learning that the flights
-
~had been stislpd was
impression seek-
the
ing to give the imp
its protests had been effective,
[President Anwar el-Sadat
said Monday that Egypt
would not accept another
extension of the Middle East
cease-fire unless a timetable
is worked out for Israeli
withdrawal from Arab terri-
tory captured in the 1967
war, United Press Interna-
tional reported from Cairo.]
The officials in Washington
declined to specify why
United States had ended its
reconnaissance activity except
to say that the installation of
Soviet missiles in the cease,
fire standstill zone at the canal
Continued on Page 15, Coiunm 1
had virtually ended. The flights
were scaled down from once
every two or three days to 1
once weekly and then termi-
nated, nated, the officials said.
They emphasized that the
suspension had been decided
"without prejudice" to the
flights' resumption should ten-
u
sion along the waterway sepa-1 ii
rating Egyptian and Israeli United States may also av
forces suddenly grow. been motivated to end the
Other sources said that the flights by indications that Israel
r
U-2 flights had been ended be-i was not entirely areeease
eeover
cause of a series of factors. the continuing p
The United States informed Emed photographic extensive military aircraft
installations
Cyprus, the Soviet Union Egypt,
Israel and other governments in in the Sinai peninsula.
August of its intentions to check
or adherence to the cease-fire
and Robert J. McCloskey, State
Department spokesmen, sug-
gested that the Soviet Union fly
similar reconnaissance flights
for the Egyptians. This proposal
was never adopted.
Britain is said to, have ac-
cepted the United States flights
reluctantly, fearing Arab pro-
tests that her bases, granted
definitely under the 1959-60 ac-
cord giving Cyprus independ-
ence, were being used by the
United States to assist Israel.
The Government of Cyprus,
headed by President Makarios,
is also reported to have agreed
to the use of the bases pro-
vided that the . flights not be
used. to menace any neighbor-
ing country and that the ,use
of the information derived not
be one-sided. This was taken
here as a sign that Cyprus in-
tended to remain neutral in the
Arab-Israeli dispute.
Four Refusals Reported
However, on Oct. 11 The
Washington Post reported that
Turkey, Greece, Italy and Spain
had refused to allow the U-2's
paperereported that Cyprus had
offered her facilities. -the ef -wing
Since tpris'has reportedly
press in Cyprus
been bringing increasing pres-
sure on the Makarios Govern-
ment to have the flights halted.l
Cyprus had not put 'pressure on'.
the United States, informants'
insist, but they say that she has
indicated that once the imme
diate reason for the flights
-
ended she would not be un
happy to see them discontinued.
Additionally, according to
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NEW YORK TIMES DATE
Israeli Says Egypt Has 50 Missile Batteries at Suez;
By PETER GROSS
Special to The New York Time!
JERUSALEM, Oct. 26-Is-
rael's chief of military intelli-
gence, Maj. Gen. Aharon Yariv,
cut through the secretary of his!
trade today and gave an assess-
ment of ,the Soviet and Egyp
tian antiaircraft defenses that
face Israel across the Suez
of
Canal He called them "one
_
. Ithe most advanced missile sys-{
tems in the world."
Reliable sources confirmed';
that his unusual briefing to,cor-
respondents in Tel Aviv !was!
timed to coincide with the open-
ing of a United Nations Gen-
eral Assembly debate in New
York, where Israel intends to
condemn what it charges are
Arab and Soviet violations of
the American-sponsored cease-
fire agreement.
A system of nearly 50 missile
batteries-with four to six mis-
siles in each-now provides
coveage of the air over the
canal from north of Qantara to
the southern port of Suez, vir-
tually the entire length of 'the
waterway, General Yariv said.
They are manned by some 3,000
Soviet soldiers, alongside Egyp-
tian forces, he declared.
Air Supremacy Challenged
With an effective range' of
about 20. miles, these misile
batteries challenge Israel's
words read by the Israeli officer
today.
Egypt Recasting Strategy
By RAYMOND H. ANDERSON
Special to The New York Times
CAIRO, Oct. 26 - Egyptian
military planning for action if
the cease-fire with Israel col-
lapses was reported today to be
based on a developing strategy
will not be halted."
I"The chances for political
and military pressures are in
favor of Egypt and Arab rights.
There is a strong possibility of
winning new and important
sectors of world public opinion."
I"A continuing improvement
of Egyptian weaponry and com-
bat efficiency are the sole
realistic guarantee against the
dreams of Israel to retain some
of the territories she usurped
in the war of June, 1967. Egypt
will never agree In any measure
that would restrict her freedom
in this respect." A withdrawal
of missiles would clearly he
considered a step that woulc
"restrict her freedom" in thin
context.
General Gives Assurances
fora "war of liberation," not
a return to the earlier limited
tactics of hit-and-run attrition
against the Israeli forces.
Quoting "the most reliable
sources," the Cairo political
weekly Rose el-Youssef said
that; the Egyptian military 'com-
mand's calculations for future
battlefield operations were
more ambitious than the "war
of attrition" opened by the
The New York Times On. 27, 1970
Missile system is said to
cover canal area from near
Qantara (1) to Suez (2).
Broken lines indicate the
standstill cease-fire zone.
Egyptian forces along the Suez
Canal in March, 1969.
The limited warfare of artil-
Ilery bombardment, air strikes
and commando assaults, in-
tended to wear down Israeli
strength and morale, ceased on
Aug. 8 under the '90-day cease-
fire, which expires in 10 days.
- are within 19 miles of the
cease-fire line, with the closest
only 7.5 miles from the canal.
"That's a hell of a differ-
ence," the normally reticent
intelligence chief said.
Up to now details of Israel's
intelligence, obtained from what
General Yariv described as
"various methods" of detection,
have been withheld from pub-
lication and released only in the
form of general protests to the
United Nations Truce 'Super-
visory Oranization in Jerusalem.
The Egyptians have indicated
a willingness to extend the
cease-fire for two months, or
possibly three months, but
only under condition that Israel
abandon her boycott of Dr.
Jarring's mision as intermedi-
ary.
Preparations for `Collision'
In the same tone, the Minis
ter of War, Gen. Mohammec
Fawzi, was reported today tc
have assured the Egyptian lead
ership that the country's armec
forces had made effective usI
of the cease-fire to, improv
combat efficiency.
"The armed forces are full'
prepared and alerted to counte
the enemy's treachery," Genera
Fawzi was said to have tol,
the Central Committee of th
Arab Socialist Union, the coun
,try's political organization.
Civil defense measures ar,
being reactivated as the end o
the cease-fire period nears. Th,
Ministry of Interior announce(
tonight that air-raid drills woult
he conducted in Cairo anc
Alexandria, with sirens wailing
for the first time since last
Rose el-Youssef said that
Egyptian policy was based on
the following premises:
longstanding air supremacy
over the canal and as much. as
12 miles into the Israel-odcu
pied Sinai bank area.
Taking reserves into account,
General.Yariv said, 500 to 600
missiles ` are new in place ion
the Egyptian bank, within the
31-mile zone delineated in the
Aug. 7 cease-fire agreement as
an area of military standstill.
"Vietnam has nowhere near
this number, the 50-year-old
general said when he was asked
to compare the Egyptian build-
up of the last two months with
the Soviet air defense system
supplied to North Vietnam dur-
ing the United States bombing
raids..
To illustrate the extent of the
build-up in evident violation of
the agreement, General Yariv
said that on Aug. 7, the last
ay before the cease-fire, only
16 batteries ready for opera-
Q"A military collision is in-
evitable unless Israel changes
Briefing Was Postponed
Today's briefing had been
planned some days ago, reliable
sources said, but was postponed,
her stand. Preparations for this'spring.
for maximum political effect,
to the day that the General Assembly was to start its first
debate on the Middle East in
three years - a debate that
Israel opposes, in view of the
heavy pro-Arab majority in the
Assembly.
General Yariv read what he
said was part of the Aug. 71
undertaking between Israel and
the United Arab Republic, ar-
ranged by the United States.)
According to this, the two sides!
undertook "not to introduce,
move- forward, construct or
otherwise install missiles, con-
tion were situated inside the31-mile zone. The closest to
the cease-fire line was just un-
der 19 miles from the canal,
lie asse ted.
NowAppmQ ed`Fai't
missile batteries-both Sam-2s
and the more advanced Sam-3s,
manned exclusively by Russians
1113
!ment, though not the specific
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THE WASHINGTON POST
The Washington Merry-Go-Round
)A T E O PAGE 0
THE WASHINGTON POST Monday, Oct. 12, 1970 C1.9
Russians Tighten Grip on Egypt
By Jack Anderson
In the dark hours following
Gamel Abdel Nasser's death,
the Soviets sought to tighten
their grip on Egypt.
The maneuvering for power
began, according to intelli-
gence repprts, scarcely 45 min-
utes after Nasser's heart at-
tack. Soviet Premier Alexsal
Kosygin mixed into the back-
room struggle immediately
after his arrival In Cairo.
He huddled separately with
the various rivals and king,
makers. Three generals who
accompanied him from Mos-
cow also held urgent talks
with Egyptian military com-
manders. One intelligence re-
port said that a high-ranking
Soviet group, dressed in
fatigues, inspected Egyptian
installations on the west bank
of the Suez Canal.
? The Egyptian armed
forces depend upon Russia for
all their weapons, replace-
ments and spare parts. The
army's 1,500 field artillery
pieces and 1,000 tanks, the air fished country. The most dra-
force's 415 combat planes, the
navy's 12 submarines and four
of its five destropers came
from the Soviet Union. The
entire anti-aircraft system-
including the latest radar,
SAM-2 missiles and Soviet-
manned SAM-3 missiles-was
provided by Russia.
? An estimated 10,000 So-
viet military men are sta-
tioned in the United Arab
Republic. Over half are en-
gaged in training Egypt's
250,000-man army. Soviet
officers are attached to
Egyptian units down to the
battalion level. Soviet advisers
are assigned to commando
forces down to the company
level. Soviet pilots are train-
ing the Egyptian air force. In-
deed, Russians actually fly the
100 supersonic Mig-21J inter-
ceptors, operating out of fields
under Soviet controL
? Russia is pumping heavy
economic aid into the impover-
matte projects are the Swan
dam and the Helwan steel
works. But the Russians are
also helping to build several
small factories throughout
Egypt. For this purpose, the
Kremlin has put up a $1 bil-
lion credit. The Egyptians also
depend upon the Soviet Union
to buy 70 per cent of their cot-
ton crop
? At least 4,000 Soviet engi-
neers, economists and techni-
cians are now working in,
Egypt. They supervise the So-
viet-financed projects and ad-
vise all ministries dealing with
economic matters.
? Most secret of all, Soviet
intelligence agents have com-
pletely infiltrated the Egyp-
tian government, armed forces
and political party. They are
so entrenched and entwined in
the various ministries that the
Egyptians probably coul
never clean them out.
With all 'these aces, Ko-
sygin was able to block Zak-
aria Mohieddin, considered
the most pro-western of the
Egyptian leaders, from acend-
ing to power. Kosygin proba-
bly would have preferred to
install Aly Sabry as Nasser's
successor. The suave Sabry is
known to have accepted ex-
pensive personal gifts from
the Russians. But to keep
peace at the top, Kosygin
agreed to the compromise
choice of the President Anwar
at.
Footnote: The. Cg14ra1 Intel-
li ce'Agency estimates that
ready been killed in .the Xid
d-s.r6ast fighting. The soviets
maintain a d.iscreg.t ilence,
h oer, about their p Wple in
v >at both living andjead.
Se~iservicemeu.
i b, t?ru~sive,
ia~s.,ig Vie.. Moo
lug tg,. Japmselves an se1-
dAkva .appearing- -4-public.
? 1970, Bell-McClure Syndicate. Inc.
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p r Release 2001ff /02 CY
Russians in Iojor R
By DREW MIDDLETON Egypt's three armored divi-
Some 14,000 Russians - isions deploy _30 heavy Russian
tanks and about 950 medium
soldiers ^ sailors and airmen, i tanks. Amphibious tanks, arm-
technicians - exert the Soviet
Union's growing influence ? on
vital areas in the life of the
United Arab Republic,
sault and antiaircraft guns are
Russian. The army's field artil-
lery includes over 1,500 Soviet
nieces from 122-mm uns t
- -- -
suei
7r'
Caro-y'~/// % r~
Instead, the Soviet has di- J CIiNAL. C
rected its economic help into
major projects with maximum
propaganda effect. The Aswan
High ? Dam was one, the Hel-
wan steel works is the second.
Hundreds ? of Soviet en-
gineers, technicians and metal-
lurgists are now working on
the expansion of the Helwan
plant to an annual production
of 1.5 million tons of finished
steel.
The Russians nave built or
are helping to build small fac-
tories throughout the country.
A credit of about $1-billion was
extended by Moscow for such
constructon, about two-thirds
of which has been used for
E,
Soviet influence, now ap-1203-mrn. howitzers.
poaching dominance in de-i The Egyptian Navy's best
fense, industrial expansion and.,ships are Soviet-built and the
.foreign trade, has expandedjfleet has been reorganized on
rapidly since 1955 when Mos-'Russian lines. Four of its five
caw promoted and pegotiatedIdes troyers and all its 12 sub-
a". $350-million arms deal be-;marines are Soviet-built.
tween Egypt and Czecho' Soviet naval officers and
Slovakia and other countries of technicians are established at
the Communist bloc. Alexandria and Port Said to
United , States and other operate radar and to train the
Western experts believe thatlEgyptian Navy.
President Nasser's successor The Egyptian Air Force is
will inherit a Government re-, Soviet-equipped, trained and or-
'sponsive to Soviet direction be-ganized. Pilots train at Mersah
Cause of its reliance on Soviet Matruh on Yak trainers and go
military supplies, industrial as-on to fly Soviet interceptors,
sistance and technical ex-(fighter-bombers and light and
pertise. - medium bombers. All of Egypt's
The relationship was 415 combat aircraft arc of So-
dramatized in Cairo yesterday vict origin.
when Premier Aleksei N. Kosy- Soviet SAM-3 missiles are de-
gin met the interim President,,ployed at Alexandria, Cairo,
Anwar Sadat, and former Cairo West, Soviet general
Premier Aly,Sabry. Mr. Kosy- headquarters, Aswan and Bal-
gin was accompanied by Mar- tim on the Mediterranean coast
shal Matvei V. Zakharov, the as well as in the Eastern desert
Soviet First Deputy Defense between the Nile and the Suezi
Minister. Canal.
,Took Over Aswan High Dam I The Egyptian armed forces
began in 1956, when the
SI.S,S.R. took over the Aswan
High Darn after the United
States announced it would not
participate in the project, The
dam is to be completed late
this year and Soviet engineers,
metallurgists and other tech-
nicians"have been concentrated
on a primary industrial project,
.the expansion of the Helwan
,steel works south of Cairo.
It is estimated that there are
110,000 Soviet servicemen in
Egypt. About half are engaged
in training the Egyptian army
of 250,000 men.
Soviet officers superintend
`t`raining down to battalion level
for regular units and to com-
pany level in the c4se of such
.blitz forces as commandos.
Western experts believe
every military decision of im-
portance, including raids on the
Israelis across the Suez Canal,
must have the approval of So-
viet staff officers who help the
Egyptians plan operations.
Self-contained Soviet units of
technical troops . entered Egypt
last winter. They operate the I
.complicated equipment of the
SAM-3 surface-to-air missiles
and the ZSU 2-64 low-level
antiaircraft system. In addition
they provide security for Soviet
installations.
- Soviet forces also include 70
to 100 pilots for a ut 0
purchasing Soviet equipment.
Soviet experts advise all min-
istries dealing with construc-
tion or industrial production.
Egypt's foreign trade has in-
terested the Russians from the
outset. Cotton is Egypt's money
crop and Cairo has tried to
balance sales to the Communist
bloc with those to Western
hard-currency countries. This
year preliminary reports indi-
cate the Soviet Union will pur-
chase between 65 and 70 pei
cent of the. crop.
The Soviet takes about 25
per cent of Egyptian exports.
Egypt spends about the same
amount in Russia, chiefly for
machinery, chemicals, iron and
steel and petrochemical n-nd-
ments and spare parts. Russian
economic assistance has not in-
cluded an arms industry.
nwiwa~-
1~
Isra?n-
accuped
barntcry
The Nevi York Times Oct. 3, 1970
Soviet economic influence
in Egypt forcuses on Aswan
dam (1) and steel works
near Cairo at Iielwan (2).
-in counterintelligence. The So-
viet's own intelligence services
have infiltrated important
ministries, the armed forces
and such extra-Governmental
groups as the Arab Socialist
Union, Egypt's only prohibited
party.
Soviet influence is more real
than apparent. Russians, civil-
ians and military, keep mostl'
to themselves, living in sel-1
contained communities in the,
Garden City area of Cairo, at!
Aswan, outside Alexandria and
at Cairo West. Each of these
compounds has its school, so-
cial club and outdoor movie.
Egyptian intelligence is
heavily dependent on the Rus-
sians, who are especially active
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These combat pilots operate,
from installations completely
controlled by Russians.