CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 20 FEBRUARY 1970

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP72-00337R000300010027-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 2, 2002
• Sequence Number: 27
• Publication Date: February 20, 1970
• Content Type: OPEN

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February 20, 1970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 081
the sea-such as taking water samples to de- In any case, the aim of the suit was not
termine the biological productivity of a so much integration education but better
given area, or measuring the input of energy education. Integration was simply a means
from the sun' as it varies from time to time to an end.
and place to place. Unlike oceanographic Much of the confusion today stems from
ships, which are few and move slowly, mart- the fact that the means has now become an
time ships are many and move quickly. Thus, end in itself. Suits are being brought for
in only a short time, much of the sea's secrets integration, boundaries are being redrawn,
could be learned., busing is being instituted-not to improve
Another research project awaiting money education but to integrate classrooms.
and talent is for a small area of the ocean The results can sometimes be pathetic.
to be analyzed closely. Dr. Eugene Wallen, In Washington, blacks send their children
the respected director of the Smithsonian's (or have them sent) across Rock Greek Park
Office of Environmental Sciences, suggests the in pursuit of the dream 'of good education.
coral reef, "So far, what we know about But as the blacks come, the whites leave,
coral reefs would fill only a small book. Yet and increasingly we find ourselves busing
over a thousand species live in or near them." children from all-black neighborhoods all
Basic to any progress in the seas and the way across town to schools that are
water is a merger of the nation's oceanic rapidly becoming all-black.
agencies. A National Oceanic and Atmospher- The Tri-School setup in Southwest Wash-
Ic Agency would combine the Coast Guard, ington is a n po n . erf the three ele-
their petty power over the diverse agencies.
The new Senate subcommittee on oceanog-
raphy is currently holding hearings on
NOAA; the idea Is not new, but perhaps this
time around, the, good of the oceans will win
out over the good of the paper-shufflers.
INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION
Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, I ask
unahlmous.' consent to have printed in
the RECORD an article entitled, "Concen-
tration on Integration Is Doing Little for
Education," written by William Rasp-
berry and published in the Washington
Post of February 20, 1970.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CONCENTRATION ON INTEGRATION IS DOING
LITTLE FOR EDUCATION
(By William Raspberry)
Racial segregation in public schools is both
foolish and wrong, which has led a lot of us
to suppose that school integration must,
therefore, be wise and just.
It ain't necessarily so. It may be that one
reason why the schools, particularly in Wash-
ington, are doing such a poor job of educat-
ing black children is that we have spent too
much effort on integrating the schools and
too little on improving them.
The preoccupation with racial integration
follows in part from a misreading of what
the suit that led to the 1954 desegregation
decision was all about.
The suit was based (tacitly, at least) on
what might be called the hostage theory. It
was clear that black students were suffering
under the dual school systems that were the
rule in the South. It was also clear that only
the "separate" part of the separate-but-equal
doctrine was being enforced.
Civil rights leaders finally became con-
vinced that the only way to ensure that their
children would have equal education with
white children was to make sure that they
received the same education, in the same
classrooms.
Nor would the education be merely equal,
the theory went: It would be good. White
people, who after all run things, are going
to see to it that their children get a proper
education. If ours are in the same classrooms,
they'll get a proper education by osmosis.
That, at bottom, was the reasoning behind
the suit, no matter that the legal arguments
were largely sociological, among them, that
segregated education is inherently unequal.
(Why it should be inherently more un-
equal for blacks than for whites wasn't made
clear.)
attended. Bowen and Syphax, popu-
almost exclusively by poor kids from
ond, an
third.
The well-to=
their children
course, is that instead
children around three
After 16 years, we should have learned that
the hostage theory doesn't work. Thissis not
to suggest that integration Is bad but`hat
it must become a secondary considers Qn:
crowded classrooms to schools where there
is space to spare.
It works to a limited degree when it in-
bused across town for specific reasons.
But it has accomplished nothing usefu
rather not attend.
The notion will win me the embarras
U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IN TEE 1970'S
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mrs President,
yesterday the President of the United
States, Richard Nixon, delivered a paper,
"United States Foreign Policy for the
1970's." To my knowledge, this is the
first time that a President has discussed
with the American people the broad pro-
gram of foreign policy which his ad-
ministration has embarked upon. Con-
trary to this, the whole general subject
of foreign policy and its relationship to
our military posture has been kept more
away from the people than exposed to
the people.
While the entire contents of the paper
are more impressive to me, I was par-
ticularly glad to see the President spell
out in part III, "America's Strength,"
which includes the shaping of our mili-
tary posture, the process of defense plan-
ning, strategic policy and general pur-
pose forces. To me, the most succinct
paragraph is the one that reads:
We aim for a world in which the impor-
tance of power is reduced; where peace is
secure because the principal countries wish
to maintain it. But this era is not yet here.
We cannot entrust our future entirely to the
self-restraint of countries that have not hesi-
tated to use their power even against their
alliesr3spect to national defense, any
President has two principal obligations: to
be certain that our military preparations do
not provide an incentive for aggression but
in such a way that they do not provoke an
arms race which might threaten the very
security we seek to protect.
It is particularly important that the
President made this particular statement
because there are many people, includ-
ing colleagues of mine in the Congress,
who seem to believe that if the United
States weakens itself militarily and re-
fuses to honor its commitments around
the globe, that we will be making a major
contribution to peace. To those of as who
feel opposite to those two positions, it is
reassuring to be reminded that the Pres-
ident is depending upon the lessons of
history which have shown throughout
the entire time of main's life on earth
that weakness has caused wars and
strength has prevented them.
If this same broad, honest, and open
approach to the interrelated problems of
foreign policy and military strength had
been adopted following the end of World
War II, we would not have been engaged
in the war in Korea or in the war in
Vietnam.
I congratulate the President for his
statement and I feel that this is the first
major step in establishing an understand-
able and workable and respectable for-
eign policy for our country for the years
ahead.
AMERICA'S FINEST ARE DYING
FOR THIS
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
the militarist regime of Thieu and Ky,
which we Americans are maintaining in
power in Saigon, recently arrested 15
student leaders of Saigon University and
closed two Saigon newspapers.
The students were accused of singing
antiwar songs. Also, they held a meeting
without a permit from the police chief of
Saigon. They were jailed without bail
pending trial. The crime of the news-
paper editors was that they were advo-
cating neutralism instead of supporting
President Thieu and Vice President Ky.
Americans should know that the Sai-
gon regime of General Thieu and Air
Marshal Ky has either closed down al-
together or suspended for specific peri-
ods of weeks or months 39 daily news-
papers in South Vietnam. The majority
of these newspapers had been published
in Saigon.
Also, Nguyen Duy 'I'rinh, who was
Foreign Minister of South Vietnam, is
under house arrest and. may face a jail
sentence for advocating: a coalition gov-
ernment in Saigon. Truong Dinh Dzu,
who was the runner-up in the election
against Thieu and Ky in 1967, is still in
jail. His trial for disloyalty to the mili-
tarist regime lasted 3 hours. His impris-
onment has lasted 13 months. He was
the peace candidate for President. Sai-
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gon Daily 13'ews, the English-language
newspr which supported him was
put? of business by Thieu and Ky.
To wonder a majority of the people of
South Vietnam are alined with and sup-
porting the National Liberation Front,
or VC.
U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN LAOS
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. Pr'esldent, our
involvement in Laos continues to be hid-
den from the American people.
.Although President Nixon has referred
to his 119-page report on "United States
Foreign Policy for the 1970's" as "the
most comprehensive statement on for-
eign and defense policy ever made in this
country" it contains no mention what-
soever of Laos.
The newspapers of February 19 which
carried articles on President Nixon's re-
port 'also included a story about Ameri-
can B-52's bombing the Plain des Jarres
in Laos.
The American people should not be
treated in this manner. Once again the
President has failed to inform the pub-
lic about our activities in Laos. Once
more the policy of secrecy is preventing
the public from being informed about a
war that is slowly but steadily escalating.
A recent editorial in the Paragould,
Ark., Daily Press opposes the "secrecy"
policy. The editorialist writes:
Won't we ever learn?
The U.S. got Involved in the tragedy that
is Vietnam because of failure to hold open
debates in Congress on our involvement there,
and partly through entanglements brought
on by the operations of the CIA.
We cannot afford to let Laos and/or
Thailand become Vietnam all over
again.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the editorial from the Para-
gould Daily Press of February 4, 1970,
be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the REc-
ORD, as follows :
Just before their Christmas break, the U.S.
Senate held a secret session to talk about
U.S. military involvement in Laos and Thai-
land.
Week before last, more than a month later,
a heavily-censored report of that meeting
was released. It told us little about the ex-
tent of our involvement, and nothing about
our casualties.
Sen. J. W. Fulbright, chairman of the For-
eign Relations Committee, did have a state-
ment in the published excerpts-that "this is
escalating into a major operation."
Fulbright's comment should be enough to
scare anyone, even the hawks. Concerned
senators pushed through an appropriations
bill amendment to bar defense funds for U.B.
ground combat troops in either Laos or Thai-
land.
That, however, is little comfort.
Everyone seems to know there Is a strong
U.S. "military presence" in Laos and Thai-
land. Anyone, at least who watches Bob
Hope's annual Christmas show. In the 1969
version hope, you will recall, commented on
the "highly secret" mission of some unite
Many published reports, too, have told of
U.S. air operations in support of Laotian
troops. "Private" airlines, financed from CIA
funds, reportedly supply arms, ammunition.
and food to Royal Laotian troops.
U.S. Air Force bases in Thailand admit-
tedly are used as operational points for raids
on the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos.
There have also been substantial reports
about U.B. personnel engaged in anti-guer-
rilla operations.
Won't we ever learn?
The U.S. got involved in the tragedy that
Is Vietnam because of failure to hold open
debates in Congress on our involvement
there, and partly through entanglements
brought on by the operations of the CIA.
We cannot afford to let Laos and/or Thai-
land become Vietnam all over again!
REVOLUTION OF HOPE IN INDIA
Mr. EAGLETON. Mr. President, when,
in this age of megatons and megawaste,
technology produces some tangible and
unmitigated human progress, we ought
to pause and savor it.
The "Green Revolution" which has oc-
curred during the last 3 years in India
and other developing nations appears to
be one of these rare and hopeful occur-
rences.
And, while most of the credit goes to
the governments and people of the coun-
tries involved, Americans were there
when it happened. We were there with
nearly two decades of economic assist-
ance. We were there with-food in times
of scarcity. We were there with the un-
relenting work of private organizations
like the Rockefeller Foundation, the
Ford Foundation, and many of our great
American universities, whose agrono-
mists helped cause this revolution.
On February 6. the St. Louis Post Dis-
patch carried an editorial summarizing
this historic event, and I ask unanimous
consent that the editorial be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
REVOLUTION OF HOPE IN INDIA
Without much fanfare except In the tech-
nical journals, a revolution of vast conse-
quences has been occurring in India. For
once it is peaceful and constructive, and it
his certain counterparts throughout Asia.
It 4s a revolution in the production of food
grains which has brought India from the
brink of starvation to a point of relative
abundance In a few short years, and which
has in the process revealed new facets of the
Indian `character.
As a detailed report of the Rockefeller
Foundation makes clear, Indian subsistence
farmers were supported to be "too sluggish,
too unintelligent, too tradition-bound" to
use new technologies even if handed them.
But given something better to work with,
these farmers "amazed not only their own
government but the rest of the world." The
speed with which they reacted, says the re-
port, has never been duplicated on an equal
scale anywhere else, including the agricul-
turally sophisticated United States.
The perceptive report was written by Car-
roll P. Streeter, for many years editor of the
Farm Journal, who found that while India's
approach to self-sufficiency in food is of key
significance, "The real revolution is the one
that has happened, not to farming but to
farmers-the revolution of hope. It has
meant a new concept of self, in which the
farmer can believe he may fulfill his destiny
as a liberated human being."
In the case of one crop wheat Mr. Streeter
notes that the seasons of 1965-66 and 1966-67
saw the worst drouths in 40 years forcing
India to import 10 million tons to avert
Ouary 20, 1970
hunger and in some instances starvation. Yet
today the Indus and Gangetic plains of
northern India and of neighboring West Pak-
istan "are one vast carpet of beautiful
wheat-short stiff-strawed thick in stand
as level as though just mowed, heavy with
big heads loaded with plump kernels . . .
nothing less than miraculous."
The miracle was wrought by scientists who
mixed wheat strains from various parts of
the world to fit Indian growing conditions.
And they have made similar progress in rice,
corn, sorghum and millets. The Indians, along
with wheat breeders, in other countries, are
working on a wheat-rye cross called "triti-
cale," the first man-made species of grain
with large commercial potential ever created.
Mr. Streeter credits four developments for
the success of the revolution: New germ
plasm which has given Indian plant breed-
ers an abundance of material from which to
breed more productive varieties of cereal
grains; agricultural "inputs" such as irri-
gation water, fertilizer, pesticides and farmer
credit; increased production of farm experts
by state agricultural universities, and gov-
ernment-set price floors.
Having depicted the miracle, Mr. Streeter
cautions against too much optimism as to
the overall Indian economy, the reason being
the birth rate. India's food supply is gain-
ing at a rate of 4 per cent annually and has
the capability of going to b per cent; about
a million people a month are being added to
the population, which now is estimated at
540,000,000.
What India has won is an important
breathing spell and a period of a few years-
perhaps as many as 10-In which to slow
down the population growth while pushing
food production- ahead still faster. India
has made small progress with birth con-
trol, but maybe, like the farmers and the new
technology, the Indian people only need to
be persuaded of its value. India cannot hope
for long-range self.-sufflolency in food until
population growth is under control, and it is
well that New Deihl is intensifying efforts
along that line.
TAX RELIEF FOR THE ELDERLY
UNDER THE '.PAX REFORM ACT
Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr.
President, the Tax Reform Act of 1969,
which was signed. into law in December,
-was a significant step forward in provid-
ing more equitable tax treatment for
individual taxpayers.
Several provisions in the new law, in-
cluding a number of proposals which I
have advanced, will also provide urgently
needed relief for elderly taxpayers. This
is especially gratifying to me, since tax
relief for older Americans has been one
of my major concerns.
In December, the Senate Committee on
Aging, of which I am chairman, prepared
a memorandum to assist elderly tax-
payers in understanding the recent
changes in the tax law which will be of
particular benefits to them. This memo-
randum presents the information in a
concise, readable fashion, and should be
very helpful to older persons.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the text of this memorandum
be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the memo-
randum was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
TAx REFORM AND SOCIAL SECURITY
The Senate and the House of Representa-
tives adopted a compromise conference report
on the tax reform 'bill by overwhelming votes
on December 22, clearing the measure for the
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