JACOB BEAM: OUR MAN IN MOSCOW

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP71B00364R000500280007-6
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• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 16, 2000
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• Publication Date: March 11, 1969
• Content Type: OPEN

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March 11, 19 69 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -Extensions of Remarks
Of course, Congress was thinking in terms
of a legal counselor for the government-an
official to interpret and expound the com-
mon law and the Constitution. In a way, I
think I would have liked that concept of the
job. It evokes for me a picture of things past,
of a simpler life lived at a slower pace. The
quilled pen and the standup desk, everything
but the powdered wig, would have been con-
genial. But I must accept the Department
as it is today and my responsibilities to it.
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE: PHYSICAL
STRUCTURE
For here is an organization of no less than
208 separate entities. These include five
offices-the Office of the Attorney General;
the office of his chief assistant, the Deputy
Attorney General; the office of the Solicitor
General who, in his fine morning coat, pre-
sents the government's position to a some-
times receptive, sometimes not, Supreme
Court the O'ff'ice of Legal Counsel, who is-
let me tell you a secret-my private lawyer
(and I need one) ; the Office of Public Infor-
mation, which is a rather inflated title for
my overworked speech writer.
The.legal heart of the Justice Department
is the seven law divisions:
The Antitrust Division.
The Civil Division, which represents the
United States in most Civil proceedings.
The Civil Rights Division.
The Criminal Division.
The Internal Security Division, which, like
that other division of the State Department,
is rather hush hush.
The Lana and Natural Resources Division,
which supervises suits relating to real estate
claims, waterways and natural resources,
The Tax Division, which, I am sure, you
know and I only hope you will never have to
know them very well.
There are three very important Bureaus.
The FBI, which is the most efficient and
most deservedly renowned investigatory
body in the world. The Bureau of Prisons,
which operates federal correctional institu-
tions. The new Bureau of Narcotics and Dan-
gerous Drugs, for which we have great hopes
to finally reverse the tide of addiction in this
country.
The Department also has two Services. The
Immigration and Naturalization Service
which, among its functions, meets you at
the airport. The Community Relations Serv-
ice, which attempts to guide and counsel
racially-tense cities so that tragedies may be
avoided or at least mitigated.
There are two Boards. The Board of Parole,
whose name, speaks for itself, and the Board
of Immigration Appeals, which hears chal-
lenges to deportation orders.
And then, of course, in addition to the
other entities which I do not have time to
discuss, there are 93 offices of United States
Attorneys spread out around the country
who represent the Department in most crim-
inal and civil matters at the trial level, and
93 -offices of the United States Marshal;
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE: PHILosornICAL
STRUCTURE
In its earlier days the concept of the De-
partment of Justice was viewed primarily as
that of ,a prosecutor or defense counsel in
individual cases. In general, we took law vio-
lators to spurt when we found them and we
proceeded on a case by case basis. We focused
on a particular set of facts and on the rights
and obligations which arose in a specific
situation.
It is becoming more evident every day,
however, that our statutory authority covers
consi erably more cocas than we enn effec-
E 1863
we are placing the full weight of federal au- tionship to citizens all over the country. Of
thority behind the cases we choose. course, we could spend our time searching
Our priorities today deal with cases which around for smaller companies who may be in
affect the rights and obligations-not only of violation of traditional price-fixing laws. But
a single individual-but also of hundreds, with our limited resources, we plan to focus
thousands, and in some instances, even mil- our efforts on key issues confronting our com-
lions of citizens. It is this concept, of recog- petitive economy. We must seek benefits for
nizing priorities in view of the massive prob- two-hundred-million consumers rather than
lems to be solved, that historically and fragmenting our efforts on 200 small cases.
philosophically has placed our Department in SUPPLEMENTARY HELP FROM THE STATES
an institutional transition. What is needed, obviously, is help-the
Our population continues to grow and our kind of help that the federal government
economy, continues to expand, I predict that alone cannot provide to protect the con-
our nation's legal problems may multiply in sumer. The most obvious source of this help
the next decade even faster than they have is the states-some of whom have already
in the last. I am sure that, relatively speak- enacted consumer protection or antitrust
ing, our legal federal manpower will become legislation.
smaller and smaller. Since the beginning of this new Adminis-
Of -course I recognize that there will still tration, we have maintained that the basic
be those'who argue that the most,technical responsibility for the welfare of our citizens
violation of federal law should ba tprosecuted lies with the states and their subdivisions.
with the same aggressivenes as the most The federal government will lead the way in
heinous. They contend that4case involving difficult areas such as the conglomerate
a single individual's rightfi is as important merger and in the more traditional areas
as a case which would ctify suppose they here, the states may not have the manpower,
are right. But as Attor, ey General, I must investigative facilities, or the concentration
consider the national mo ality and what ends of experienced legal talent to prosecute such
I am trying to achiev with my limited difficult cases.
means. I,, However, we hope that the states will
Permit me to give you, some examples of follow our path in consumer protection and
three areas in which we d problems all in the other areas I will discuss today. For
over the nation rapidly outs ipping our pres- example, we urge that the states make a
ent resources. These are are in which the substantial commitment to the protection
Department of Justice has een forced to of the national economic integrity in in-
select priorities and to con der national suring free competition in local industry.
goals. N The Department of Justice has already
ANTITRUST AND CONSUMER PRhTECTION started making the states more of a partner.
My first example is the Antitru
The major responsibility of this
the attention of a dozen lawyers and ecd o- v ~~rtunit J V W ? ??V -, -- V , v-J
mists when, in past years one or two lawyAris oppO y, give them guidance, and if pos-
would do. sible, funding for consumer protection.
You see, I believe it is just as much a crime
The Antitrust Division itself was not for to deny a poor child an adequate diet be-
maily established until 1933. At that time, cause restraints on competition have made
it had a staff of 67 persons. Last year it had is food more expensive than his family can
a staff of 528
grpersons owth and a budget aof re- $8 afford, as it is to strike that child with a
soThis however, h has sn not personnel l and
matched the in violation of the traditional criminal
sources.,
gof the hohevge 1iw. I urge the states to pass effective con-
gross growth
national product national ha as increased product. fifteen- The sumer protection codes and antitrust legis-
fold fold from 1933 to 1968. But the personnel of l~,tion if they do not have them; and if they
the Antitrust Division has increased only to have such codes, to strengthen them
half as much. The significance of this dis- wherever possible. Also I suggest that the
es
parity need not be belabored. tistates implement nt this legislation protection
lishing tab-
Under the circumstances, it has become in- j bureaus.
creasingly difficult for the Antitrust Division, I urge the states to consider whether an
to keep pace with the demands of our groove empty stomach month after month may not
ing nation and to assure a free competitive damage a child as much as physical abuse.
economy which makes our prosperity p~ s-
sible. To effectively protect the American civIL RIGHTS
consumer, the Department of Justice iI not The second area which I would like to
only Concentrating on traditional pr}Le-fix- discuss is civil rights. The Civil Rights Divi-
ing cases, but is also moving into cases in- sion was founded on September 9, 1957, under
volving marketing structures and especially Attorney General Brownell. Its founding was
the structure of pure conglomerates. a most important commitment by the De-
The great economic power of`such con- partment of Justice to negroes and other
glomerates and the fact that they operate minority groups. In 1957, it had 30 lawyers
in many fields of commerce poses a danger and a budget of $500 thousand. This year, it
to the American consumer.. There has been has 106 lawyers and a budget of $3 million.
some question as to whether, under existing But this question remains. How can a
law, we have the authority to attack the Division with only 106 attorneys effectively
pure conglomerate-a corporation which ac- enforce all the federal civil rights laws.' I
quires another in an apparently unrelated know that not a week passes in,. this nation
field of business, when our black citizens, be they lawyers or
My view is that, when in doubt, I will give laborers, are not subjected to some aspect of
the benefit to the American consumer by racial discrimination. Much of this discrim-
attempting to successfully prosecute pure ination is subtle and may never be reached
J -
2,000 attorneys in the Department of Justice tempt, we will ask for new legislation. It is But there remains massive legal diserimi-
make a significant contribution to the im- the American consumer, whose interest in nation against minorities. They are illegally
provement of life of our 200 million citizens. the end, the Antitrust Division is seeking to segregated in schools. They are discriminated
The answer to this question is that, with protect. against by unions and industry. They are
our limited resources, we must select priori- Our priority, therefore, is the major eco- crushed into teeming ghettos and denied
ties-and in selecting them acknowledge that nomic problems of'the day and their rela- the ability to purchase adequate homes.
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E 1864
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks
I have pledged to enforce the civil rights Customs. This interdepartmental unified ap-
laws and the civil rights protections in the proach has proved extremely successful and
Constitution vigorously. I do this to insure in one city alone, we have been able to ob-
that all Americans (Mn share equally in our tain 30 indictments in an attempt to weaken
prosperous and promising nation, an organized crime syndicate,
In the field of civil rights, we have chosen But organized crime is probably too wide-
housing,`education and employment as the spread to be completely eliminated by the
three priorities.0f our Civil Rights Division. Department of Justice. Indeed, most experts
And even within these areas, we must use in the field believe that it cannot exist wi th-
our resources selectively, out the cooperation or apathy of local law
For example, in the education field alone, enforcement officers. It should be a prime lo-
weare involved with more than 200 school cal responsibility and we urge the states to
districts in about 150 law suits. If we are to pass comprehensive laws against organized
eliminate racial discrimination, we need the gangsters. Also we urge the states to establish
help of the states. We urge the states to statewide organized crime divisions which
pass effective civil rights legislation; and if, will have substantial resources to staff their
like New York and Massachusetts, for exam- effort.
ple, they have such legislation, to strengthen Similarly, we strongly advise that if the
their laws wherever possible. We urge the states allow wiretapping, that they will pass
states to establish statewide, civil rights laws and regulations which will Insure the
,divisions. closest supervision. They must decrease to a
t The federal government will, as it has in minimum any unnecessary invasions of
'the past, continue to lead the way in new homes and offices.
rareas of the law and In massive cases of DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICI. LAW ENFORCEMENT
,discrimination, But the time has now come ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION AND STREET
for the states to look carefully at their own CRIME
'subdivisions.
e They must be aware that there are many A second priority in the criminal field 1s
rimpoverlshed negroes and other minority street crime which is, in many ways, the op-
group citizens who are subject to discrimi- posite of organized crime. It Is disorganized
nation which cannot be handled by the fed- crime, exploding with unpredictable vicious-
eral government. These citizens cannot afford ness and frequently without the cool reason-
the lengthy litigation of a civil rights case Ing of an experienced gangster. The latest
and they may not even be aware of their right FBI statistics show that serious crime in the
to demand equality. United States increased 17 per cent In 1968
In noting that the government should over 1967, This is an area where the federal
leayd the way, let me mention one area which government has little enforcement power,
we are now considering. It is racial fairness Here as in no other area we must rely on the
in the market place-especially the money states for their cooperation. As Attorney
market place. There is ample evidence to General I can tell you that street crime and
Indicate that many fields of commercial the fear of street crime is changing the fabric
transactions discriminate against the minor- of our society-that crime is crushing us.
ity borrower. Here is an area where we also The fear of crime is forcing our citizens to
believe state civil rights efforts could be change their traditional living patterns, to
extremely successful. stay off the streets at night,; to shy away
THY CRIMINAL DIVISION-ORGANIZED CRIME from helping strangers, to be distrustful and
The last Division I will discuss today is insecure in their own neighborhoods.
y Our federal leadership in the war against
the Criminal Division and I am advised that street crime will come from the Law Enforce-
it Is Impossible to fix a date for its estab- relent Assistance Administration.
lishment. It has a 300 million dollar authorization
The Criminal Division has today 177 at- for the next fiscal year, most of which will
torneys and a budget of $4.2 million. It han- go to the states in block grants. We hope that
died, last year, 6700 cases and 6600 evalua- a majority of the money available to the
tions of Investigations and other matters, states and the communities through LEAA
Given its broad jurisdiction over most of will be used, in one form or another, to attack
the federal criminal law, it could, on any street crime.
given day, recommended dozens of prosecu- We need more police and they must be
tions for petty crime. And yet, five years from better educated and trained. We need, in
today, What impact would misdemeanor pros- most cities, better juvenile facilities and edu-
ecutions have on the nation as a whole, cation programs to stop our youth from turn-
On the other hand, I can select a priority, ing to the streets. We need more efficient
a legal and moral symbol for the nation justice so that those who are arrested will be
and employ my resources against crime to tried promptly and either convicted or ac-
the fullest, quitted. We need a complete overhaul of most
During the coming year, there will be two state prison systems with rehabilitation fa-
priorities for the Criminal Division. The first cilities, psychiatrists and social workers to
is organized crime. I will spare no effort to assure that the prisoners of today will not
attack the nationwide organization of rack- be-as 4 out of 10 are expected to be-the
eteers Who corrupt our youth with illegal prisoners of the future.
narcotics, who taint our public officials with We hope that the states, in attempting co
bribes and corruption, who pervert the out- solve our national crime problem, will invite
standing ideals of the labor union movement, private industry and non-profit organiza-
who employ murder and torture to collect tions to participate under the guidance of
their debts, and who, In a very real sense, government officials and professional orga-
prey mainly on the poor and less educated nizations. The voluntary sector offers an
segments of our population. enormous reservoir of money and manpower
To be effective, We must launch a nation- to help in non-policed functions such as
wide campaign against organized crime with Juvenile programs, narcotic rehabilitation
all the weapons at our disposal. For example, programs and work re-training programs for
we will engage in wiretapping in order to prisoners.
obtain evidence, which we might otherwise CONCLUSION
not have, to prosecute there syndicates which Protection for the consumer, protection
reportedly take in more than $50 billion a for the minority group, protection for the
year. Another tool at our disposal is the law-abiding citizen from street crime and
Strike Force which we are now reorganizing organized crime-these are three priorities
and greatly strengthening. These Strike of my Department and they should be the
Forces are a unique concept of governmental three priorities for America.
law enforcement. They are composed of rep- The federal government will lead the way
resentatives from the FBI, several divisions but it cannot succeed without the coopera-
in the Justice Department, the Internal Rev- tion and help of the states. With this co-
enue Service, the Labor Department, and operation we will succeed. Without it, I warn
Alar?ch 11, 1969
you, we only face the increasing prospect
of tragedy. However, I ;an optimistic that
with my 2 thousand lawyers, with help from
the states, and with your help, that we will
make a significant contribution to the im-
provement of life for two hundred million
Americans during my tenure in Washington.
JACOB BEAM: OUR MAN IN MOSCOW
HON. JOHN R. RARICK
OF LOI)ISSSNA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 11, 1969
Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, James Kil-
patrick, in his column appearing in the
Evening Star for March 9, raises appre-
hensions regarding Mr. Beam's suitabil-
ity as our Ambassador to the Soviet
Union.
Unfortunately, Mr. Beam did not have
the opportunity to dispel the suspicion
and doubt surrounding his nomination
at the hearings held by the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee.
The American people would hope the
Senate will remand Mr, Beam's nomina-
tion to the Foreign Relations Commit-
tee so that some of these serious ques-
tions can be answered.
Mr. Speaker, I include a copy of the
testimony before the committee, taken
from the official transcript, Mr. Kilpat-
rick's column of March 9, and an excerpt
from my article in the RECORD of March 3,
at page E1558 consisting of a report
from the Government Employees Ex-
change following my remarks:
COPY OF TRANSCRIPT ON THE HEARINGS OF
JACOB BEAM BEFORE THE SENATE FOREIGN
RELATIONS COMMITTEE
CHAIRMAN- Mr. Beam, would you for the
record very briefly state how long you have
been in the Foreign Service and you know
the usual.
Mr. BEAM. Sir, I came In in 1931, in June
1931.
CHAIRMAN. And how many posts have you
served in? Do you have some of those things,
for the record, for the Information of the
Committee?
Mr. BEAM. Yes, sir.
CHAIRMAN. Could you state very briefly
where you were, the prinepal posts?
Mr. BEAM. Yes, first in Geneva then Berlin
then London. the State Department several
times. Then the Netherlands Indies as it then
was, became Indonesia Yugoslavia, the So-
viet Union.
CHAIRMAN. In what capecity in the Soviet
Union?
Mr. BEAM. I was Charge ci'r f'aires ad interim.
CHAIRMAN. When?
Mr. BEAM. 'Through, It d2 through 1953.
CHAIRMAN. Do you speak Russian?
Mr. BEAM. Yes, sir, I have a working knowl-
edge.
CHAIRMAN. Yes. And you. were there in 52--
53? What Is your most recent visit to the
Soviet Union?
Mr. BEAM. 1 haven't been
1953.
CHAIRMAN. '53?
Mr, BEAM. Yes, air,
CHAIRMAN. Where have
for the last few years?
Mr. BEAM,. I have been
for the last 21.a years.
CHAIRMAN. How many P?sitions have you
served in as Chief of Mission?
Mr. BEAM. It is 3. Three, ir. Poland-I beg
your pardon, two, Poland and Czechoslovakia.
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March 11, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks
CHAIRMAN. Poland and Czechoslovakia. fication whatsoever for this invasion
This will be your third? the Russians took?
f fi ed Mr. BEAM. No, sir.
n rm
i
4
E 1865
his outrage was such and so well-expressed
that I am sure it was one of the factors that
led to his reelection in his native state regu-
larly like striking a gong.
Senator MUNDT. Will the Senator yield?
Senator CASE. I will be happy to yield.
Senator MUNDT. That is something else
that led to the appointment of Tommy Way-
land to Nicaragua.
Senator CASE. It led to something else, too,
that his daughter lives in my state of New
Jersey. Shows there is good stuff in that
family. Thank you very much.
CHAIRMAN. Senator Javits.
Senator JAVITS. Well, Mr. Chairman, I didn't
mean to cause a stir in Committee. I was not
'just gloating, and I don't and Mr. Beam cer:
co
I,
Mr. BEAM. Yes, s
CHAIRMAN. Would you, I don't know Senator MUNDT. Nor do I. I have no other
whether I should ask you this or not, you questions.
use your own judgment if you would like to CHAIRMAN. Senator Pell.
say a few words about the conditions in Senator PELL. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Czechoslovakia where you so recently served. As a longtime friend of the ambassador, it
Mr. BEAM. Well, sir, they have gone through is hard to be objective but I am sure we
a very tragic experience and they are having know he will do an excellent job. And as one
difficulties right now. The struggle, I don't who descended upon him in Czechoslovakia
think is over yet, it is an internal political three times in the last ten months I find my
struggle which is going on of great interest familiarity with him has increased and my
to the world. respect and regard, too. I wonder if as a kind
CHAIRMAN. I assure you are very conversant of valedictory you had any thoughts as to
with conditions in the Soviet Union at pres- how we could help in Czechoslovakia? Do
ent. aren't you? you believes it+ a good idea to focus public
__~.
ut +here with resolu-
p
h
l
e-?-
e gold .p o ngly
there since 1953. tiun of
CHAIRMAN. Don't you follow those events steps taken toward the most favored nation what Senator Mundt very feeli, and I can
with great interest? treatment toward that unfortunate country understand it. I would be a very strong ad-
Mr. BEAM. I do, yes, sir. On the periphery we in order to try to keep the channels of eco- vocate of doing our utmost to recognize tal-
do. nomic and cultural access open even though enrt and high quality in his state or in any
CHAIRMAN. Don't you consider our rela- the political channels have been closed? other in the U.S. I must say, however, that
tions with the Soviet Union of greatest im- Mr. BEAM. Yes, sir, I believe in that very I would be equally against the idea of ap-
portance? - strongly, yes, sir. I think the increase in pointing second-raters because we want to
Mr. BEAM. Yes, sir, I do. trade with Czechoslovakia is now important make for geographical diversity to ambassa-
CHAIRMAN. And I hope you will be able to so we can get some money on those claims, dorships of the U.S. and that is the only
improve them. Do you think you can? we have a large amount of claims due us for reason I spoke. Perhaps I am too serious but
Mr. BEAM. I hope we can, sir, while main- nationalization of our property. I have the greatest affection for my colleague
taining our own interests, of course. As regards the political and cultural sit- and the greatest feeling for what he has said,
CHAIRMAN. Well, of course, that is your uation I think exchanges should continue and I would be the first to vote authority
main objective of this operation. Senator as a means of encouragement for them to and money for international education
Sparkman? maintain their identity and sovereignty, and courses in any of the universities.
Senator SPARKMAN. Mr. Chairman, I have I hope we can continue along these lines. Senator MUNDT. We are not a backward
no questions. I think Mr. Beam has per- Senator PELL. I know it is the opinion of state. We don't need the money coming from
formed wonderful service in his long years Czechoslovakia, at least of their government, New York. I just want a chance for our capa-
that he has been in the Foreign Service, and that we have sort of lumped them in the ble people to have a chance to be ambas-
I wish him well in this most important post outer world, we have cut them off from us sadors.
to which he is going. and we are not interested in them, and I Senator JAVITS. I don't want to make it
CHAIRMAN. Senator Mundt. would hope this opinion could be corrected. worse.
Senator MUNDT. I am glad the Chairman I think the problem has been the focus of Senator MUNDT. Now, you are italicizing the
brought up this matter of residence of the public opinion has been, on the more spec- gloat.
tacular events in Czechoslovakia but not in Senator JAvITs. And I certainly approve of
fr m New Jase have. I said to our friends the fact that Administrations have sought Ambassador Beam. I am sorry that he, as
y from New lnc and New York I her aware to keep these channels open and that we are a dignified diplomat is the innocent butt.
p the ublically unba gloat a a 'to the
it, po where they doing the best we can in this regard and I Senator CASE. Which the Chairman started, at one Senator about and d you are look- think this to be a good forum to France, if by the way.
of yes votes for ambassadors. I have already you would agree with that statement, to CHAIRMAN. I started? I was just comment-
enlarge on it. ing on a fact as it has developed. I hope the
told Mr. Annenberg I would vote for nd I Mr. BEAM. Well, I do agree with that, and Senator from New York wasn't suggesting
and I will vote for ou d Ei timize you, but I think in the time that I have been there, that people from that great and rich and
don't know why I spouse and StDepart- which is 21/2 years the situation has changed powerful State gloat without being con-think I ent should White If we and State t to have in our favor and they found out we are a scious of it.
meat equate learn it we are gei- friend of their countries. Senator JAVITS. Well, I wasn't conscious of
de adequate appropriate
table and effective ial glit Senator PELL. Not only that but in favor of it, Mr. Chairman. So I suggested just that.
part rtic of f the Czechoslovak peoples, too. CHAIRMAN. Mr. Beam, do you have any-
the time h has shandore acceptable
when the central policy
this this country should get their fair share of Mr. Senator BEAM. PELL. Yes, sir. Thank you. The other ques- Mr thing . BEAM. further No, to say?
sir.
pmnassadrs. When it has gotten to the tion in connection with your new post, we CHAIRMAN. Well. We congratulate you on
point where representatives of earn states are particularly fortunate that you should your long and distinguished service in the
publically gloat gbout the monopoly they be going from Czechoslovakia where you have Foreign Service and wish you well. It is a
have, this s me should heard d and inn seen the Soviets in action to Moscow but do difficult post. I hope your health is good.
and sd clear in the age the State Department and you feel that you will be able-that you Mr. BEAM. Thank you.
the Senator House. Mr. Chairman, will the yourself might suffer from a certain subjec- CHAIRMAN. How old are you?
Senator yield? tive view from having seen them at their Mr. BEAM. Sixty-one this month.
Senator MUNDT. I want to finish what I worst and will be able-to have an objec- CHAIRMAN. You are getting along, but that
have to say. You have done your gloating. tivity about the Soviet position there? is about right. (Laughter)
Mr. BEAM. Well, it is something which, of Thank you very much, Mr. Beam.
Senator JAVITS. I am sorry, sir.
Senator MUNDT. And I accept it, as well course, I can not forget, but if I go to Mos- Senator CASE. He is at the peak of his
justified. cow I will be representing the United States powers.
Senator JAvITS. That is what I object to government and not the Czechoslovak gov- CHAIRMAN. You don't look that old.
most strongly, if I was, I was not conscious ernment. Mr. BEAM. I don't feel it either.
of gloating. I apologize. Senator PELL. Thank you very much, I am
Senator MUNDT. Don't apologize, I want it really so pleased with this appointment. I [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
in the record. I appreciate it. think we are doing very well. Mar. 9, 19691
Senator JAVITS., I didn't intend to and I CHAIRMAN. Senator Case, do you have any- JACOB BEAM: OUR MAN IN Moscow?
think the Senator is wishing something on thing further? Concern is being voiced on Capitol Hill
it. Sef'tor CASE. Only this, Mr. Chairman, I these days at the President's nomination of
Senator MUNDT. That is the word. Under am so happy that the excellency of this ap- Jacob D. Beam to serve as U.S. ambassador
which ambassadors" have you served, Mr. pointment has made it possible for us to to the Soviet Union. Before the gentleman is
Beam? indulge in even a surface friendly rivalry confirmed, several Senators propose quietly to
Mr. BEAM. Sir, my first ambassador was here on the Committee. It is an excellent inquire into a troublesome time in his career.
Mr. Dodd in Berlin, Mr. Cochran in Indo- appointment and I may just, having said On paper, and perhaps in fact, Beam is
nesia, Mr. George Allen in Yugoslavia, and that, and meaning it very deeply, refer back well qualified for the Moscow assignment. At
Mr. Bohlen'very briefly in the Soviet Union. to a man from another Dakota, who used to 60,.he has spent 38 years in the Foreign Serve
6enator MUNDT. You were in Czechoslo- be, I think, he certainly was, a Member of ice. He began as a clerk in the U.S. consulate
vatak, were you, at the time of the invasion? the Senate, whether a member of this Com- at Geneva, in the days of the League of Na-
Mr. BEAM. Yes, sir; I was. mittee or not I am not sure, our great friend, tions; he moved on to Berlin for a six-year
Senator MUNDT. From your knowledge of Bill Langer, whose chief song was They never stint; served in London during most of the
Czechoslovakian affairs do you see any justi- got an appointment from North Dakota, and war; did a tour of duty as consul general
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E 1866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of
in Java, and spent seven months in 1952-53 sharpest between the State Department and
in Russia. Capitol Hill over the issue of "excessive priv-
In August of 1957, Beam arrived in Warsaw ilege" as defined by Secretary of State Wil-
as American ambassador to Poland, He was to Liam P. Rogers, the informant said.
serve In'this assignment until he returned to The first lightning flashes have already
Washington in the fall of 1961. He resigned been seen privately in the tone of the letters
his post, and then was appointed assistant between Capitol Hill and the White House
director of the U.S. Arms Control and Dis- concerning Ambassador Jacob Dyneley Beam,
armament Agency. In 1966 he became U.S. whom Secretary Rogers is supporting for the
ambassador to Czechoslovakia. Mr. Nixon's position of the next U.S. Ambassador to
proposal is to shift him now to the most im- Moscow, the source claimed.
portantand sensitive chancery of them all, The first reaction from the White House
the U.S. embassy in Moscow. to the letters was "pained surprise" that the
The nomination may be entirely in order. personnel dossier on Ambassador Beam sent
All the same, members of Congress remember to the President by the State Department did
the dismaying sex and spy scandals that oc- not contain such material on him as that
curred in the Warsaw embassy during Beam's which The Exchange had published more
administration there. A number of Senators than a year ago, the informant stated,
are concerned at the prospect of having him JACOB BEAM
serve as ambassador in the very center of
Communist intrigue. As readers of this newspaper will recall,
The story of those Warsaw days is as fan- Jacob Dyneley Beam was the American Am-
tastic as any tale ever contrived by Ian the notorious or at Warsaw during the outbreak of
Fleming for his fictional James Bond. To 1959-1961. Included "sex and spy" scandals is were
judge from various printed hearings and o gn Service Officer these sSecarbeck who
other published material, Communist intelli- Foreign ervict documents Ocer documents to the Polish w-
gence agents infiltrated Beam's embassy as delivered ies after r the photo-
merrily as a swarm of termites boring holes graphed naked as surprised and photo-
in a tasty log. graphed nakin bed with his mistress,
Irvin C. Scarbeck, second officer of the em- Urszula Discher. Mr. Scarbeck was subse-
bassy, was among those who succumbed to Washington, and convicted and a was Federal entenced court in
the age-old lure of a beautiful woman. He prrison ison s
fell In love with a 22-year-old blonde, Urszula . Ambassador Beam testified during his
Discner. The presumption is strong that she trial.
was an'agent of Polish intelligence. In any Donovan, Another Foreign Service during Officer, A.
homas hear-
event, Urszula set him up for a raid that led was also named dSecurity urinthe
blackmail; this led in turn to the theft of figs mittee having had sexual Senate Internal al relations classified documents. Scarbeck was caught, Polish female a relations with
Indicted, convicted and sentenced at first to paper Polish
r reported that, although the Sts a De-
30 years in prison. Later the sentence was partment wished to re-assign re-augn the State Donovan
reduced. It was a sensational case. immediately wished ter. Donovan
Scarbeck was not alone in female involve- Son" was discovered, to Washington Washington Ambassador after Beam as E-
as- son" was
ments. A detachment of Marine guards
,
to the embassy, engaged in wholesale
revels with Polish girls. The wife of a middle-
rank embassy employe had an affair with a
Russian agent. A code clerk implicated in an
illicit relationship was "permitted to resign."
It was during Beam's tenure that con-
struction began on the new $1.6 million
American embassy. The ingenious Poles suc-
ceeded in bugging the building from the
ground, up. Eventually, some 40 concealed
microphones--including a mike in the code
room itself--had to be dug out of the walls
by a team of Seabees.
Guy Richards, in "Imperial Agent," and
Clark Mollenhoff, in "Despoilers of Democra-
cy," have dealt with the Warsaw Intrigues,
All told, more than a dozen embassy employes
were compromised, Mollenhoff has written
that "the near total destruction of security
in the U.S. embassy in Warsaw was a fright-
ening demonstration of how the Commun-
ists could effectively bore inside an American
embassy." Other publications, notably the
Government Employes Exchange here in
Washington, have carried sensational ac-
counts of the intricate webs that were woven
by Polish intelligence agents.
None of the published material raises any
question of Beam's loyalty. No one doubts
his expertise in European affairs. He is given
high marks for his performance in Prague
ranged with his former Princeton College
"old school tie" classmates, Ambassador E.
Allen Lightner Jr. and Foreign Service Officer
Howard Trivets, to have Mr. Donovan trans-
ferred instead to Berlin, Germany, where
Ambassador Lightner was chief of mission
and Mr. Trivers was his Deputy Chief.
In Berlin, Mr. Donovan was placed in
charge of the Eastern Affairs Division, which
had supervision over all reporting concerning
East Berlin, and East Germany. In this role,
Mr. Donovan received official documents re-
cording telephonic intercepts by American
intelligence officers of telephone conversa-
tions made between West Berlin and East
Berlin and East Germany.
THOMAS A. DONOVAN
Because of his knowledge that these tele-
phone intercepts were being made, Mr.
Donovan went to Communist East Berlin to
evade the telephonic monitoring of his own
unauthorized telephone calls to Polish
friends in Warsaw. These included his "girl
friend" and such Polish officials as Jerry
Michalowski, then the Director General of
the Polish Foreign Ministry and today the
Polish Ambassador in Washington, D.C.
During one of these telephone conversa-
tions, Mr. Donovan requested Ambassador
Michalowski to instruct the Polish Military
Mission in West Berlin to issue a visitor's visa
to Mr. Donovan without the prior knowledge
He speaks fluent ttussian. Neverthiess, there of American diplomatic officers In Warsaw so
are unmss kuente sssian s v the Senate. that Mr. Donovan could proceed there with-
ar
Beam be e may the right man for the vital out their previous authorization. The Polish
Military
Moscow assignment; but then again Senators the Polish Mission Foreign Ministry no the and issued o.
are saying, he may not. and issued Mr.
Donovan the visa he desired.
PoW)tR STRUGGLE LOOMS OVER BEAM, OTEPKA, When Foreign Service Officer Stephen A.
Koczak reported these telephone calls to
SONNENFELDT BETWEEN CONGRESS, STATE Foreign Service Officer Howard Trivers and to
A "violent storm" is brewing between the Ambassador E. Allen Lightner Jr., they ac-
Nixon administration and Capitol Hill over cused hifn of trying to "stab Donovan in the
the failure of the President and his Depart- back" and did not convoke any board of in-
ment heads to extend normal consultation quiry to ascertain the truthfulness of Mr.
courtesis to Senators and Congressmen, this Koczak's allegations. Instead, they informed
newspaper was informed on February 15. Al- Mr. Donovan of Mr. Koczak's reports to them
though the "storm" already encompasses about him. Subsequently, Messers. Donovan,
more than one Department, it is becoming Trivers, and Lightner destroyed the original
Remarks March 11, 1969
pages of the efficiency report they had writ-
ten in 1961 on Mr. Koczak, forged substitute
pages. backdated these and inserted them
into his efficiency report as if they had in fact
been the original pages. In addition, Ambas-
sador Lightner wrote an "Additional Review-
ing Statement" to the effect that Mr. Koczak
had read the entire report and had, in the
course of interrogation, admitted to "tale
bearing" and one instance of "Intrigue"
against Mr. Donovan. Mr. Kuczak has re-
peatedly denied having made any such ad-
mission; he also denies ever having read the
altered efficiency report, prior to its dispatch
to the State Department.
Despite Mr. Koczak'. denials, he was fired
by the State Department, under the procedure
of "selection out," a process which denies any
formal appeals procedure to officers and doe:;
not permit confrontation and cross-examina
tion.
Mr. Koczak's attorney, Marion Harrison.
has repeatedly asked the State Department
for admission or denial of these facts and,
to date, the State Department has refused
to comment on them.
SOVIETS BREAK CODES
Another "disturbing item" in the letters of
the Senators to President Nixon concerning
Ambassador Beam, the source continued, was
the charge that the Soviet Union broke the
"top secret and secret" codes of the United
States by implanting "'istening devices" into
the bricks ordered from Yugoslavia for the
new American Embassy building built in
Warsaw during the incumbency there of
Ambassador Beam.
ELMER DEWEY HILL
After the Embassy's walls were erected, an
"electronic survey" was conducted by State
Department security electronics technician,
Elmer Dewey Hill, to detect and eliminate
any "bugging" devices. Mr. Hill found none.
Thus the Soviet and Polish intelligence
agencies successfully recorded the reading of
the texts of American top secret and secret
codes by the code clerks while doing the
encoding and decoding. Subsequently, by
comparing these with the transmitted mes-
sages, the Soviet Union broke the codes.
This resulted In the breaking also of the
major codes of the United States in messages
being sent to Germany. Italy, France, Eng-
land and Japan. Central Intelligence Agency
telegrams and communications were
"broken" in the same manner by the Soviet
Union, the source revealed.
OTTO F. OTEPKA
Elmer Dewey Hill was subsequently in-
structed by Deputy Assistant Secretary of
State for Security, John Reilly, to "bug",
with the assistance of Clarence Jerome
Schneider, the telephone and office room of
Otto F. Otepka, the State Department's top
security evaluator, the source continued. Mr.
Hill later denied under oath that he had had
this role but when George Pasquale, a friend
of Mr. Otepka, obtained an admission from
one of the participants Mr Hill recanted
and admitted he had lied under oath. Sub-
sequently. Mr. Reilly also recanted and both
he and Mr. Hill resigned from the State
Department.
A lawyer and protege of the late Senator
Robert F. Kennedy, Mr. Reilly subsequently
was given a job as a "hearing officer" with
the Federal Communications Commission at
the same salary he had before.
Mr. Otepka, on the other hand, was de-
moted and reprimanded by Secretary of State
Dean Rusk for having told the truth "with-
out authorization", to the Senate Internal
Security Subcommittee.
WILLIAM P. ROGERS
The informant revealed further that See-
retary Rogers was very upset about the at-
tempt of the three Senators to influence
President Nixon through correspondence to
change his mind about appointing Ambassa-
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dor Beam to Moscow. Secretary Rogers is
know to have been personally very critical
of the role Mr. Otepka played in cooperating
with the Senate Internal Security Subcom-
mittee and for "telling the truth" without
authorization. According to the source, Sec-
retary Rogers is of the firm opinion that Mr.
Otepka should have refused to answer the
questions posed to him by Julian Sourwine,
the Subcommittee's chief counsel, on the
grounds of "executive privilege", a doctrine
which Mr. Rogers espoused and expanded
during the Eisenhower administration when
he was Attorney General.
As this newspaper reported in its February
5 issue, Secretary Rogers has already vetoed
President Nixon's election promise to re-
examine the Otto F. Ottepka case. On Janu-
ery 21, he informed Mr. Otepka, through in-
termediaries, that he would not allow Mr.
Otepka back as an "active security officer". He
also asked Mr. Otepka to indicate to him any
other "alternative remedy" on the under-
standing Mr. Otepka would not remain in
security work. Mr. Otepka's terms were com-
municated to Secretary Rogers through in-
termediaries, in the form of a memorandum,
January 24, ostensibly addressed to Mr.
Otepka's lawyer, Roger Robb.
The source revealed that Mr. Rogers chose
this course of action in regard to Mr. Otepka
because he is aware that the Senate Internal
Security Subcommittee is planning new hear-
ings on State Department security. The re-
instatement of Mr. Otepka to security work
would be hailed by the public and the Sen-
ate Internal Security Subcommittee as an
admission by the State Department that "ex-
ecutive privilege" could not be invoked by
under this interpretation by Attorney Gen-
eral Rogers, Congress was impotent versus the
"executive privilege", even if it was being
invoked to "protect" or to "cover up" or to
"white wash" executive actions.
In addition, Secretary Rogers claimed that
the so-called independent regulatory agen-
cies, including the Federal Communications
Commission, the Securities Exchange Com-
mission, the Federal Trade Commission, the
Federal Power Commission, also had the
"right" to invoke "executive privilege."
On the basis of this extreme definition of
"executive privilege", no Federal employee
would have the "right" to "tell the truth"
or produce records on any substantive sub-
ject unless he had the prior approval or
"authorization" from his superiors, the
source commented.
CONGRESSIONAL RIGHTS
The doctrine of "executive privilege", as
espoused by Mr. Rogers when he was Attorney
General and as he is now re-asserting it to
President Nixon in the cases of Ambassador
Beam, Otto Otepka and Helmut Sonnen-
feldt, is expected to lead to a "Constitutional
storm ahd crisis" in the next six months,
the source said, "unless President Nixon
backs away from this exaggerated claim of
executive privilege". Either Secretary Rogers
will have to change his point of view radi-
cally or the battle between the legislative
and executive branches of the Federal Gov-
ernment will become "irrepressible", the
source concluded.
it in forbidding its employees to "tell the
truth" during testimony before Congres-
sional Committees. Thus Secretary Rogers
could not refuse 'authorization" in the fu-
ture to any State Department employee to
testify truthfully and fully under oath on
State Department practices.
Regarding Mr. Otepka, Mr. Rogers was re-
ported saying he feared especially that, if
re-instated and again ordered to testify
under oath, Mr. Otepka would again pro-
ceed to tell the Subcommittee the "truth"
about the current state of the State Depart-
ment's security clearance program, including
such matters as the disappearance of classi-
fied information from the security files of
Ambassador Jacob Beam and of Helmut Son-_
nenfeldt, until January ~ o an employee , of
the Department of State. `Mr: Sonnenfeldt,
about whom controversy is raging secretly
within the intelligence and'security commu-
nities, was recently appointed by Dr. Henry
Kissinger to join him on the staff of the Na-
tional Security Council located in offices next
to the White House.
-EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE
As defined and expanded by Secretary
Rogers when he was Attorney General, "ex-
ecutive privilege" is the doctrine that the
executive branch of the government has the
"right to refuse" to give Congress any docu-
ment that includes either an advice, a rec-
ommendation or a conclusion. These docu-
ments therefore include all personnel actions
involving the selection, promotion, demotion,
transfer, dismissal or reprimand of any fed-
eral employee, if such action involves advice,
recommendation or a conclusion from or by
any federal officer.
Although he admitted as Attorney General
that the Constitution did not explicitly give
the executive departments such "power to
ri=l~l3sP ',, Secretary Rogers nevertheless con-
tended the executive ranch had "an Inher-
ent right " to refuse to give testimony or pro-
duce records. In fact, he went much further
and insisted that Congress could not even
pass a law to require or force the executive
department to produce such records; and that
ally such laws already on the books were not
binding on the executive branch. In short,
HON. WALTER FLOWERS
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 11, 1969
Mr. FLOWERS. Mr. Speaker, Sumter
County, Ala., which comprises part of
my congressiolial district, has recently
lost one of its most respected citizens in
the death of Judge M. E. McConnell.
Editor Dick Smith, of the Sumter
County Journal, has very eloquently ex-
pressed the thoughts and feelings of the
community. I am pleased to spread his
tribute upon the RECORD:
"The law of the Lord is perfect, converting
the soul; the testimony of the Lord is sure,
making wise the simple."-Ps. 19:17.
That verse from the Great Book certainly
reminds us of the active life of the late Judge
M. E. McConnell. The earth swallowed him
up last Sunday afternoon .. but nothing
can ever take his memory from those who
knew him nor the history he made in Sumter
County, Ala,
As depicted by the verse, he always kept
life in focus.
He was a public servant, an elected official,
a person truly interested in his fellowman
and our children's education. He was a
.sportsman, a merchant, a cattleman, a hu-
manitarian, a Christian of the first order.
He was further a legend in his own right.
Judge McConnell, a one-time Tennessee
Vol football player, will be remembered by
all who knew him during his very active life.
A probate judge, a senator, a mayor, a sports-
man, he was always active in civic affairs.
He was the kind of man right to his death
who would "teach" his listeners by the very
fact they would listen.
There is a football field named for him in
Livingston . there is a street named for
him in York. Most of all, there are literally
thousands of good people who will, down
through the years, be praising him for what
he was.
GENERAL KRZYZANOWSKI AND
THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 11, 1969
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker,- the
centennial commemoration of the Civil
War produced a great deal of historic
research which enlightened us about this
epic struggle in American history. One
of the historians who produced extensive
material in conjunction with Civil War
commemoration was Dr. Edward C.
,Rozanski, Midwest coordinator of the
American Polish Civil War Centennial
Committee.
He called attention to the fact that
numerous officers and men of Polish
descent, many of whom had fought in the
battles against the Russian and Prussian
oppressors of their land, made signifi-
cant contributions to the Union Armies'
successes.
The latest article of significance cov-
ering the Civil War which was carried
in the February 1, 1969, Polish American,
Chicago, is a very dramatic report by
Maj. Gen. Charles G. Stevenson, U.S.
Army, retired, discussing action at the
Battle of Gettysburg:
GENERAL KRZYZANOWSKI AND THE BATTLE OF
GETTYSBURG
(By Maj. Gen. Charles G. Stevenson, U.S.
Army, retired)
In early 1863, General Vladimir Krzyza-
nowski's brigade was assigned to the 3rd
Division of Major General Carl Schurz in
the newly constituted XI' Corps, (Major
General O. O. Howard Commanding of the
Army of the Potomac).
At Gettysburg on July 1, 2 and 3, 1863, the
regiments of Krzyzanowski's Brigade (2nd
Brigade, 3rd Division, 'XI Corps) were the
following, 58th New York Volunteers, 119th
New York Volunteers, 75th Pennsylvania
Volunteers, 82nd Ohio Volunteers, 26th
Wisconsin Volunteers.
GENERAL KRZYZANOWSKI AT GETTYSBURG
Now I would like to sketch briefly what
Krzyzanowski's brigade did on July 1, and
2, 1863, the first two days of the crucial bat-
tle of Gettysburg. I think General Krzyzanow-
ski and his brigade made outstanding con-
tributions to the famous battle which are
generally overlooked. Krzyzanowski's brigade
had 669 killed, wounded and missing in the
battle.
FIRST DAY OF THE BATTLE
Map. No. 1, which I have prepared, is a
rough sketch showing the position of Krzyza-
nowski's brigade, north of Gettysburg on the
afternoon of July 1, 1863. It also shows the
location of the other troops of'the XI Corps
on the right and left of Krzyzanowski. Krzy-
zanowski's brigade was in the center of the
corps position. The sketch also shows the
general line of the 1st Corps on Seminary
Ridge on the left of the XI Corps. Also
shown is the location of the Confederate
troops which attacked the XI Corps.
You will note that the Confederate unit
which attacked Krzyzanowski's brigade was
the brigade of Brigadier General George
Doles. These were Georgia troops and sea-
soned veterans.
General Doles was one of the outstanding
brigadiers in the Confederate Second Corps
(which was Stonewall Jackson's old Corps)
of the Confederate Army. The second Corps
was commanded in the Battle of Gettysburg
by General Ewell, Stonewall Jackson having
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Extensions of Remarks
been mortally wounded at Chancellorsville
on May 2, 1863.
As the battle progressed the XI Corps was
driven back by the superior numbers of
Ewell's Confederate Corps which were much
stronger in numbers than the Federal Corps.
Doubledady's lit Corps also. was compelled
to retire but both Federal Corps inflicted
heavy losses on the Confederates and suc-
ceeded in saving the high ground along
Cemetery Ridge for the main Union Army
to form on and on which it won the final
battle on the third day. Krzyzanowski's
brigade put up a staunch fight as it with-
draw through the town of Gettysburg and
took position on Cemetery Hill, south of the
town.
Krzyzanowski's brigade did its share to let
the Confederate General Ewell know that he
had been in a fight. Rodes' division of Ewell's
Corps, which included General Doles' Georgia
brigade, had 3,000 casualties out of 8,000 men,
Not all of the casualties were at the hands of
Krzyzanowski's brigade, of course. The fact
is that Ewell showed no great eagerness to
press the advantage that he had won. He did
not continue the attack in the late afternoon
and evening of July 1. He was content to stop
in the Southern part of the town, and wait
until he got positive orders from General Lee
for a general attack.
Manymilitary.experts, Including Mr. Bruce
Catton, Chairman of the New York Civil War
Centennial Commission, as stated in his book
"Glory Road," think that if Ewell had carried
through his attack, he probably would have
taken Cemetery Hill during the evening of
the first day. But, due to the resistance he
had met from the I and XI Corps, including
General Krzyzanowski's brigade, Ewell was
in no condition to press the attack any fur-
ther on that day.
SECOND DAY OF THE BATTLE
The second mRp shows the position of
Krzyzanowski's brigade on Cemetery Hill on
July 2nd. Here again Krzyzanowski and his
brigade made an important contribution to
the Union victory. For five hours from about
4:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m., the Confederate
bombarcled the position of the XI Corps, in-
eluding K.rzyzanowskf's brigade on Cemetery
Hill with the heaviest cannonade of the
war. The brigade endured it with coolness
and resolution.
At about 9:00 p.m,, Ewell sent Early's di-
vision against General Ame's 1st Division of
the XI Corps, which was on the right of the
Corps position. Hays` Louisiana brigade broke
into the Union lines and fought hand to
hand for the guns of Captain Wiedrich's Bat-
ter 1st New York Light Artillery, which Ames'
let Division was supporting.
Krzyzanowski and his two New York regi-
ments, the 58th and 119th New York Volun-
teers rwere sent to recapture the guns and
drive the enemy off the hill. Other rein-
forcements were also sent to assist General
Ames' infantry. These reinforcements in-
cluded Carroll's brigade of the II Corps. In
all the books, except one, that I have react
on this particular fight, including Mr. Cat-
ton's book: `Glory Road', no mention is made
of the contributions to, this fight made by
Krzyzanowski and his two New York regi-
ments, the 58th and 119th New York. Most
books give all the credit to General Carroll's
brigade for this action. These accounts are
not fair to General Krzyzanowski and his
two New York regiments, if the official re-
ports of the Commanders concerned are
taken into account,
Let me read from the after action report
to General Krzyzanowski by Major Willis of
the 119th New York, regarding this fight:
"Late In the evening (about 9 P.M.) the
enemy made a most desperate charge upon
a battery supported by the First. Division of
our corps. They rushed forward with in-
credible fierceness, driving back the First
Division in disorder, and actually reached the
guns (one of which our men had already
spiked) and demanded a surrender, but the
commander of the battery and his brave can-
noneers did not yield. Then you, (note:
General Krzyzanowski) seeing the critical
position of affairs, and weli_ knowing how
soon the enemy would possess himself of the
battery and that commanding heights, if not
forced back, called ,upon our regiment and
Fifty-eighth New York Volunteers, also of
your brigade, to fall in and, advance against
them. It is needless for me, to say, general,
for you led us in person, with what alacrity
the regiment responded, and with what de-
termination it moved forward, and with what
courage it met the foe, and, in conjunction
with the gallant Fifty-eighth, drove him
back, saved the position, and thus secured
the whole army from irreparable disaster.
Here ends the second day's struggle."
This report by Major Willis of the action
of Krzyzanowski and his two N.Y. regiments,
in coming to the assistance of Captain Wied-
rich's battery of artillery, is confirmed by
the after action report of the 58th N.Y. and
also by that of the division commander,
Major General Carl Schurz; and, finally, by
the report of the Corps Commander, Major
General O. G. Howard.
I mtlst admit that a brief history of the
58th New York in Fox's book-'New York
at Gettysburg' states that when the 58th got
to this fight they found that the assailants
had been, 'repulsed without their assistance.'
But, that was written ten years after the
war. I prefer to place greater credence on
the after action reports written immediately
after the battle when it was fresh in the
commanders' minds. I, therefore, say that
General Krzyzanowski and his New York
Regiments, the 58th and 119 New York Vol-
unteers, should receive a fait share of credit
for their actions in this important part of
the battle of Gettysburg.
FOUR RESOLUTIONS OF THE COM-
MONWEALTH OF MASSACHU-
SETTS
HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 11, 1969
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, under leave
to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I
include four resolutions by the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts:
Resolution memorializing the Congress of
the United States to enact legislation re-
moving the restriction on the amount of
income a person may earn while receiving
social security benefits
Whereas, Under present law a person re-
ceiving social security benefits is not per-
mitted to earn more than sixteen hundred
and eighty dollars In any one year without
a decrease in payments received by him; and
Whereas, Many of the persons receiving
such payments are almost totally dependent
upon them for their living expenses; and
Whereas, The cost of living has Increased
substantially so that the benefits referred
to are no* totally inadequate; and
Whereas, The removal of the restriction on
the amount of income that a person may earn
while -receiving social security benefits will
enable such person to retain his self respect:
now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the General Court of Mas-
sachusetts respectfully urges the Congress
of the United States to enact legislation re-
moving the restrictions on the amount 01
income a person may earn while receiving
social security benefits; and be it further
March 11, 1969
Resolved, That copies of these resolutions
be transmitted forthwith by the Secretary
of the Commonwealth to the President of
the United States, the presiding officer of
each branch of the Congress and to the mem-
bers thereof from the Commonwealth.
Senate, adopted, February 12, 1969.
NORArcsN L. PIDGEON,
Clerk.
House of Representatives, adopted in con-
currence, February 19, lti69.
WALLACE C. MILLS,
Clerk.
Attest:
JOHN P. X. DAVOREN.
Secretary of the Commonwealth,
Resolution memorializing Congress to pass
legislation amending the Internal Revenue
Code to permit homeowners to deduct up
to $500 a year for the maintenance, pres-
ervation, and rehabilitation of their homes
Whereas, The existing stock of residential
property in the cities and towns of America.
provides the core of the residential resources
of our Country; and
Whereas, The creation of new housing can
never provide more than a small percentage
of the units available in the existing hous-
ing stock; and
Whereas, The preservation of this priceless
natural and economic resource must be the
keystone of national housing policy; there-
fore be it
Resolved, That the Massachusetts House of
Representatives respectfully urges the Con-
gress of the United States to amend the
Internal Revenue Code to permit homeown-
ers to deduct up to fives hundred dollars a
year for the maintenance, preservation and
rehabilitation of their homes; and be it
further
Resolved, That copies of these resolutions
be transmitted by the Secretary of the Com-
monwealth to the President of the United
States, to the presiding officer of each branch
of Congress and to the members thereof from
this Commonwealth.
House of Representatives, adopted, Febru-
ary 13, 1969.
WALLACE C. MILLS,
Clerk.
JOE N'F'L X. DAVOREN,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
Resolution memorializing Congress to enact
legislation granting tax incentives to those
businesses which will locate In the slums
and to those which give training necessary
for the employment of the disadvantaged
in or from slum areas
Whereas, One out of every three residents
living in our city slums has a serious em-
ployment problem; and
Whereas, The continuing shift of the more
affluent population, businesses and industries
from the central cities to the suburbs is In-
tensifying the employment problems of the
poor who remain in central cities; and
Whereas, Strong measures are needed now
to stem the flight of business and Industry
from the central city areas and to encourage
private enterprise to offer opportunities for
training to the nations disadvantaged:
therefore be it
Resolved, That the Massachusetts House
of Representatives respectfully urges the
Congress to enact legislation granting tax
Incentives to those businesses which will lo-
cate in the slums and to those which give
training necessary for the. employment of
the disadvantaged in or from slum areas; and
be it further
Resolved, That copies of these resolutions
be transmitted by the ecretary of the Com-
monwealth to the President of the United
States, to the presiding officer of each branch
of Congress and to members thereof from
this Commonwealth.
Approved For Release 2001/07/26 : CIA-RDP71B00364R000500280007-6