GIVE NIXON TIME ON WAR, AIKEN ASKS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP71B00364R000200030002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 5, 2005
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: October 12, 1969
• Content Type: NSPR

NEW YO-~."rpy for Release 2005/01/27 i42D 000200030002-1PAGE
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Oct. 11 -;
Senator George D -Aiken ofi
Vermont, senior Republican onl
the Senate Foreign Relationslof the consequences of a "pre-
Committee, suggested today
that President Nixon be given
more time to work out an or-
derly withdrawal of American
troops from Vietnam.
Long regarded as one of the
leading and most influential
Senate doves, Senator Aiken
took issue with his Republican
and Democratic colleagues who
in recent weeks have revived
the Vietnam debate by criticiz- lbound to think sooner or later
ing the Administration's Ares- that we are simply preparing
ent rate of troop withdrawalla case against them to cover
and by advancing proposals for
a faster, more specific timetable
of disengagement.
In a lecture to a group of col-
lege students at Norwich Uni-
versity in Northfield, Vt., he
cautioned, "We can not achieve
instant gratification through a
precipitate withdrawal of our
troops.
"The President needs time,
and I for one, will do my best
to see that he gets it."
First Mention Since May
It was the first time that
Senator Aiken had spoken out
at length on the Vietnam issue
since last May when he urged
in a Senate speech that the
Administration begin immedi-
ately an "orderly withdrawal"
of American forces. Since then
the Administration has ordered
the withdrawl of 60,000 troops,
and Senator Aiken has pre-
dicted the total will reach 100,-
000 by the end of the year.
Just as the May speech, with
its clear expression of impa-
tience with Administration pol-
icy, tended to end the mora-
torium on Vietnam criticism in
Congress, so the latest Aiken
speech may tend to check the
criticism that has seemingly
reached crescendo proportions
in recent weeks.
While the more outspoken
critics certainly will ont be si-
lenced, the more moderate
doves, such as the Senate ma-
jority leader, Mike Mansfield of
Montana, and Senator John
Sherman Cooper, Republican of
Kentucky, tend to follow the
course of Senator Aiken.
Contending that President
Nixon was "slowly making
progress" in reducing the
American military presence in
Vietnam, Senator Aiken sug-
gested that some of the doves
had carried their criticism too
far in suggesting more rapid
withdrawal of troops. And he
used many of the arguments of
the Administration in warning
cipitate withdrawal."
Consequences Cited
"Those who are so anxious
now to spur the President into
a pell-mell retreat, even to set
deadlines for him," he said,
"should pause to consider the
likely consequences of their
exhortations.
our own errors. That is the
worst of alternatives.
"It could lead to a break-
down of order in South Viet-
nam and ultimately to a whole-
sale massacre of those, who
for good reasons or bad, put
their faith in the United States
Government.
"And if that happens, it will
invite a repetition in this coun-
try of the ugly days of the late
1940's when Americans flailed
at Americans. over the absurd
proposition that nefarious
forces within our own Govern-
ment `lost' China."
Senator Aiken made clear
that he still favors withdrawal
of American troops as soon as
possible, if only because of a
belief that this is the only way
to a political solution of the
war.
"The tragedy of Vietnam,"
he said, "is that we have
prevented self-determination
through the weight of our in-
tervention, even while pro-
claiming the preservation of
self-determination as our goal."
`The Overwhelming Factor'
"We are still pretending that
self-determination is possible
while our military presence re-
mains the overwhelming factor
in the country," he said. "Pres-
ident Nixon is. fully aware of
this and is slowly making
progress towards correcting
the situation."
The principal thesis of the
Aiken lecture was that the
Vietnam war represents an ex-
tension of the foreign policies
of the New Deal and that
"Vietnam is just the place
where the foreign policies of
the New Deal years came to
their logical end."
The Vietnam war, he said,
has ended "our age bf inno-
cence in world affairs," and
"has ended the illusion that our
military power bestows on us
an equal influence in world
politics.
"It has taught us-or should
have taught us-the vital im.
portance of finding a halfway
house between the innocence
of isolationism and the arro?
gance which says we ought it
play the world's policeman"
Looking to the future course
of foreign policy, Senator Aiker
proposed a review of all out.
standing treaty commitment:
and international agreements
with a view to abrogating
those agreements which are nc
longer taken seriously by other
nations.
Such a review, he suggest.
ed "could provide a focus for
a new bipartisanship in foreign
policy to replace the bipartisan-
ship of the New Deal years
which fell apart over Vietnam."
"The ground for a new con-
sensus exists," he said. "I be-
lieve most Americans want
some assurance that they will
not wake up one morning to
find we are off on some new
adventure to impose self-deter-
mination on some small coun-
~"And finally the time has
come for the United States to
adopt a `live and let live' atti-
tude toward the rest of the
world."
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Give Nixon Timeon War, Aiken Asks
 NEW YO~~p~'j
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1IANILA WAR ROLE
IS ISSUE IN CAPITAL
State Department Opposes
Publication of Testimony
By JOHN W. FINNEY
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Oct. 12-A
clash has developed between
the State Department and a
Senate Foreign Relations sub-
committee over whether to
make public the financial
arrangements under which the
Philippines agreed to send a
2,000-man construction battal-
ion to South Vietnam.
The State Department isl
reported to have objected to
the publication of information
obtained by the subcommittee
showing that the Philippines
agreed to contribute to the
war effort only upon receiving
assurances of financial andi
military assistance.
The dispute is a test case!
for the Senate subcommittee-,
headed by Senator Stuart
Symington of Missouri, in its
proclaimed intention of re-
examining and making public
the extent of the nation's
foreign commitments.
Four Days of Hearings
In four days of closed-door
hearings, the special sub-
committee on foreign commit-
ments recently explored the
base arrangements and mili-
tary commitments of the
United States and the Phil-
ippines. The dispute involves
how much of the testimony
should now he made public.
The opposition to publishing,
the testimony is said to have j
originated more in the State
Department than in the De-
fense Department, an indica-
tion that the objections are
based more on political con-
siderations than on reasons of
military secrecy.
The Philippine detachment
was sent to South Vietnam in
the fall of 1966. Although the
unit has been engaged in non-
combat duties, such as road
-ruction it has often been
ns
President Ferdinand E.
Marcos of the Philippines said
the troops were going "in
support of a principle," adding
that "there is no price too
high to pay for freedom."
Information obtained by the
subcommittee was said to
show that the United States
had to underwrite at least part
of the cost of maintaining the
Philippine troops in Vietnam,
and to increase its military
assistance to the Manila Gov-
ernment.
A similar financial arrange-
ment is reported to have been
made with South Korea when
the Seoul Government in 1966
agreed to send 20,000 addi-
tional troops to South Vietnam,
bringing its total contribution
to 46,000 men.
The State Department is said
to fear that publication of the
testimony might create the im-
pression that Filipino troops
went to South Vietnam not as
a willing contribution of an
ally, but as mercenary troops
paid by the United States.
One Senator put the issue
between the subcommittee and
the department in these terms:
"Do we tell ourselves and the
world that they are merce-
naries?"
Embarrassment Is Feared
Public opinion of the arrange-
ments with the Philippines
could also set a precedent for
publication of the agreement
with the Seoul Government.
This, in turn, could cause com-
plications if it appeared that
the Philippines or South Korea
had obtained more favorable
treatment.
President Marcos recently an-
nounced that the Philippine
Government would begin a
gradual withdrawal of its de-
tachment "as soon as funds
for their maintenance run out."
The Philippine Government in
1966 appropriated $9-million to
finance the troops' service in
Vietnam. But subcommittee
sources hint that there is an
American offset to this Philip-
pine contribution.
In view of the current dis-
pute, it now appears that pub-
lication will be postponed at
least a few weeks. The State
Department may move to post-
pone publication until after the
Philippine Presidential election
on Nov. 11 out of a concern
that the testimony could in-
flame the nationalistic, anti-
American feelings that already
begun to appear in the course
co
cited by State Department of the campaign.
officials as an example of
support for the war in Viet-
nam._- - -
Manila Asks Pact Review
MANILA, Oct. 12 (AP)-Pres-
ideat Marcos directed the For-
eign Min?stry today to seek
discussions with the United
States on the revision of the
military bases agreement of
1947. He said the Philippines
wanted the same rights enjoyed
by other countries where there
are American military bases,
such as Japan and Spain, espe-
cially over offenses committed
by United States servicemen.
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 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP71B00364R000200030002-1
CHINA ROAD FORCE
IN WS T 20,000
Asian Sources Say Link to
IVluong Sai Is Completed
DATE 140CM _ PAGE ____3
By RICHARD HALLORAN
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Oct. 15
Asian diplomatic sources sate
today that Communist Chine
has nearly 20,000 troops build.
ing roads in northern Laos.
The Asian diplomats said they
know of the Chinese activity
partly from their own source.,
of information and partly fron
aerial photographs they hav(
been shown by American offi
ciajs. The pictures, they: said
were taken by American recon
naissance planes.
The presence of Chines)
traps in northern Laos has beer
reported for several years, bu
their number and the extent o
their work has not been 'made
public. Whether the 20,000 hav'
been there all along or whethe
the force, which includes securi
ty guards, has been built ul
recently could not be deter
mined.
The sources said tha
the Chinese had completed E
road from the Chinese border
which protrudes into northerr.
Laos, south to the market
town of Muong Sai, in an area
controlled by the Communist-
led Pathet Lao rebels.
2 Spurs Being Built
The Chinese have also been
working on two spurs to the
north-south road, the sources
said. One runs east to link u
with a road from China through
Phongsaly Province in Laos to
Dienbienphu in North Vietnam.
The other runs west, preferably
along an old trail, toward the
border of Thailand.
The sources said the Chinese
had been relatively inactive for
the last 5 to 6 weeks, pre-
sumably because of heavy
rains. Construction is expected
to resume when the rainy sea-i
son is over at the end of this
month.
United States officials were
reluctant to discuss the sub-
ject but did not challenge they
report of the Asian diplomats.)
The officials did say, however,,
that they believe the Chinese;
hive not been involved in the
recent fighting on the Plaine
des Jarres, well to the south of
Muong Sai.
The United States has 'ack-
nowledged conducting aeriaL
reconaissance flights over Laos
since 1964. The Chinese in Laos
are believed to have been.iden
tified, through the use of high-
powered lenses and special
film, by their uniforms, equip
ment and vehicles and by ob-
served movements from China.
Their presence is also believed
to have been reported by refu-
gees fleeting from the area to
Government-controlled areas of,
Laos.
Political Motive Seen
Some -tb?ervers believe that
the presence of Chinese troops
in Laos is primarily political,
to demonstrate to the United
States that Peking must be con-
sidered in any settlement of the
conflicts in Laos and Vietnam.
Others point out that the
roads the Chinese are con;
structing can be used to infil-
trate men and supplies from
China into Laos in support of
the 45,000 North Vietnamese
and 30,000 Pathet Lao troops
there.
They also say that the roads,
once completed, could be used
to support subversive and ter-
rorist operations in Thailand.
The Chinese and the North
Vietnamese have reportedly
been trying to stir up insurgen-
cy against the Government
there..
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 WASHINU4 " C Release 20,%/Q 27 : CIAi ~7*"4R00020003009AlE
U.S. Aid Terms
Withheld Until
Filipino Voting
By Warren Unna
Washington Post Staff Writer
The Nixon administration is
determined not to release se-
cret Senate testimony indicat-
ing the United States is under-
writing part of the cost of
Philippine troops serving in
Vietnam until after the Philip-
pine presidential election Nov.
11.
A State Department source
.said he believed that public
disclosure of conditions under
which President Ferdinand E.
Marcos dispatched a 2000-man
construction battaltion to
South Vietnam in 1966 might
influence Marcos' contest for
re-election against Sergio Os-
mmna.
;Testimony by other govern-
ment witnesses before Sen.
Stuart Symington's foreign re-
lations subcommittee report-
edly details how the United
States had to underwrite part
of the maintenance cost of the
Philippine troops and increase
its military aid before Marcos
permitted the troops to be
seat to Vietnam.
Marcos, at the time, publicly
ex#ilained that the Philippine
troops were being sent "in
Philippine and South Korean
contingents working with U.S
forces.
President Marcos already
has announced that the Philip-
pine troops would be brought
back "as soon as funds for
their maintenance runs out."
South Korea, which upped
its contingent from 26,000 to
46.000 in 1966, also was as
sured of additional U.S. finan-
cial support. But recently.
when a leading South Korean
official visited Washington, he
made inquiries on what his
country should be expected to
do with its troops if the
United States withdrew from
South Vietnam.
Sen. George D. Aiken (R-
Vt.), the Senate's senior Repub-
lican and a leading member-of
the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee, told him that
South Korea should withdraw
its troops in the same propor-
tional rate as the United
States was withdrawing.
Question Expected
Now U.S. sources are fearful
that if the terms for U.S. aid
in return for Philippine partic-
ipation in Vietnam become
support of principle" and that
'itliere is no price too high to
pay for freedom."
Marcos recently has taken
stops to renegotiate the condi-
tigns under which the United
States may continue to main-
tain its huge military bases in
the Philippines. Publicity on
th Vietnam matter is re-
-691,69 oad-
06'6
public, South Korea and the
Philippines might begin to
question which of them had
the better deal.
ySoourc the S ming-
t n subcommittee see the a '-
ministration delay on releas-
ing the transcrip as alt
...................
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?algoliono slapow palsai
W t18OQ86 jM?200030002-1
s
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.R200030002p1AGE /,--~
U.S. Reported Aiding in War
Symingioift~it Calls Helms
To explain CIA Role in Laos
A Senate subcommittee hasI Wyashington plays a role in the have been providing logistical
11 1 su ort and some training for
director of the Central Intelli-~ However, American partici-
gence Agency, to explain the ' pation is believed to be exten-
role of the CIA in the secret sive and on two fronts. United
war in Laos. States B-52s are reported to be
Helms is, expected to appear flying as many as 200 sorties a
next week. The investigation day from bases in Thailand
is being conducted behind and South Vietnam, bombing
closed doors by a Foreign Re- the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos.
lations subcommittee on Over- North Vietnam sends men and
seas Commitments under Sen. supplies down this eastern
Stuart Symington (D-Mo.). route to South Vietnam.
Three military attaches In addition, the United
from the American embassy in States is providing arms, ad-
Vientiane will also testify. visers, transportation and
William Sullivan, ambassador bombing support to the Royal- its witness list or the line of
to Laos from 1964 until this ist-neutralist government of questions that will be pursued.
year, is scheduled to be the Laos for its war in the north However, it is likely that
lead-off witness on _Vlonday.'against the Communist Pathet Helms will be asked about a
Sullivan is now a deputy as- Lao and their North Vietnam- reported 300 CIA agents said
sistant secretary for East Asia. 1 ese allies. to be operating in the Laotian
delicate Issue American military aid to the
The investigation is perhaps Laotian government has been
the most delicate undertaken estimated as high as $200 mil-
by the subcommittee in its ex- lion a year-four times as
amination of the consequences, much as the economic assist-
of the nation's global involve- 'ance.
inents. The United States and On Sept. 26, President Nixon
the Laotian government have said there "are no American
never admitted publicly that combat forces in Laos ... We
ev
the neutralist government in
order to avoid Laos falling un-
der Communist domination. As
far as American power in Laos
is concerned, there are (no
forces) there at the present
time on a combat basis."
He pointed out that Ameri-
can participation in Laos is at
the request of the government,
set up in accordance with a
1962 agreement. ,
The Symington committee
has refused to disclose either
war. Many are reported to be
former Green Berets, re-
cruited to lead Laotion units
on reconnaissance missions
and terrorist raids.
Soldiers and supplies for the j
war are carried by Air Amer-
ica and Continental Air Serv-;
,ice, The two airlines are said
to be CIA-operated.
The American engagement
in Laos reportedly increased'
markedly in the past year.I
Several senators, notably John
Sherman Cooper (R-Ky.), a
member of the subcommittee,
have expressed alarm that the
United States is slipping into
another Vietnam.
The three officers recasied j
to testify before the Senate
unit are Col. Robert L. Tyrell,
the air attache in Vienti-
ane; Lt. Col. Edgar W. Duskin!
and Major Robert Thomas,!
I both army attaches.
They are expected to de-
scribe the tactical bombing
and ground operations -that,!
the American military in Laos
reportedly directs for the
Royal government. 'there have
been reports that every opera-
tion now mounted by the Roy-
al Lao forces is directed and
controlled by the American
military establishment there.
The United States Air Force,
reportedly flies up to 300 sor-
ties a day against the Pathet'
Lao and North Vietnamese.'
On the ground, American cap-
tains and majors reportedly
draw up battle plans in the!,
field and even accompany
units into action.
The Symington unit will'
also explore economic aid to
Laos, $51.5 million in the last
accounting year. Robert H.
Nooter, deputy assistant ad-
ministrator for East Asia in
the AID agency, will be the i
principal witness.
Among other things, he is
expected to testify on Laotian
corruption and misuse of aid
funds and the prospects for
turning over existing pro-
grams to the Lao.
The subcommittee will also
hear from a young AID. offi.
cial, Loring Waggoner, who
has also been brought back
from Laos to testify. Wag-
goner, 28, runs rural develop-
ment programs in Laos.
Some time after the execu-
tive sessions are concluded,
the Symington committee
plans to release a transcript to
the public, censored of classi-
fied matter. The committee is
currently trying to get agree-
ment of the State Department
on a transcript of the first
round of hearings which dealt
with the Philippines.
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TIMES DATE l X- -(A PAGE
Smoke-Screen Over U. S.
Involvement in Lao
WASHINGTON-Laos, the land
)f a million elephants and the
white parasol, is for most Amer
!cans a mysterious and distant
land about which. they know lit-
tle. Not the least of their lack
of knowledge is what their Gov
ernment and armed forces are
up to there.
Tomorrow morning, a Senate
Foreign Relations subcommittee
is scheduled to start an intensive
inquiry into the United States'
involvement in the increasing
hostilities in Laos. The hearings
are expected to go on all -week
and possibly into next week as
the subcommittee, headed by
Senator Stuart Symington, Demo-
crat of Missouri, tries to find
out what this country is doing
in Laos and what its commit-
ments are for the future.
The outlook for informing the
American voters and taxpayers
about that involvement, how-
ever, is not promising. The Nix-
on Administration has been sin-
gularly unforthcoming in telling
the citizens about American op-
erations in Laos. The Senate
hearings will be closed to the
public, and the prospect of any.
thing save a heavily censored
transcript ever being released
is not good. Even the names of
the witnesses are being kept
secret, except for that of Wil-
liam H. Sullivan, Deputy Assist-
ant Secretary of State for East
Asian and Pacific Affairs and a
former Ambassador to Laos.
The American engagement in
the Laotian situation has been
wrapped in mystery since the
fighting there flared up over the
summer and reports from Con-
gressmen and the press last
month gave evidence of Ameri-
can advisers and aircraft tak-
ing part in combat. President
Nixon, in his Sept. 26 press con-
ference would say only that
there are no American "combat
troops" in Laos. White House
spokesman declined to reveal
what promises were made to
Premier Souvanna Phouma of
Laos when he met with the Presi-
dent two weeks ago to seek more
military and diplomatic support.
The Pentagon has refused to
make public the amount and
type of military aid the United
States has given to Laos. The
State Department has declined
to, confirm or deny press re-
orts from Vientiane or other-
wise to provide much informa-
tion on the number of Ameri-
cans in Laos, who they are and
what their mission is, and wheth-
er the United States is slip-
ping deeper into Southeast Asian
conflicts. Congressmen and con-
gressional investigators who
claim to know something of the
situation have firmly, turned
aside inquiries.
Perhaps most Indicative of all,
the State Department, despite
repeated requests, has refused
to give any justification for not
answering the many questions
put to it. The reasons for the
The second reason for the am- Thus, the possibility that the
bdauity is the clear co American public will soon be In-
between the conflict In Laos formed of what its Government
the war in Vietnam. The N is doing in Laos is ramot. as
vietnamese are fighting to see pite promises by Senator Sy-
the Ho Chi Minh trail open an on. On the Senate floor, he
to conquer Laos along wi . as assured "both my colleagues
South Vietnam. The American d the public that, allowing
are trying to close the trail and for legitimate national security
to defend Laos along with South interests, as complete a record
Vietnam. Given the domestic diet possible on United States in-
sent against the war in Vietnam, volvement in Laos will be made
the hint that the war in Viet- public following completion of
nam may be spreading to Laos our executive sessions." That
can only cause the Nixon Ad- phrase, "national security Inter-
ministration more trouble here eSts, , is the hooker because the
at home. Administration has the final
A third reason derives from say on what is "legitimate" for
the second. The Nixon Adminis- the citizens to know. The Ad-
tration is apparently assist- ministration's record on Laos In
ing the Lao Government against the recent past suggests that it
the North Vietnamese in Laos to won't be much.
improve the United States and This raises yet another ques-
South Vietnamese bargaining po-tion: Will the Administration's
sition at the peace talks in Par-policy of secrecy cause it more
is. But, just as in South Viet-grief than a policy of candor?
nam, the Administration doesn'tWith the rising dissent against
want to admit that it is tryingthe war in Vietnam and the sus-
to gain on the battlefield anpicions of all moves in Southeast
advantage that it can use In Par- Asia that linger from the\secre,
is for fear of stirring up more tive way in which the United
dissent at home and criticism States slipped into the war in
secrecy, therefore, can come abroad. /ietnam, the policy on Laos may
only from educated speculation., The fourth reason for the se- )ecome another sword that the
The first reason is that the 1 crecY is the deep penetrdtion of kdministration's opponents ,Ti
w
United States has broken the
Geneva Agreement of 1962 that
forbids outside powers from
sending military forces into Laos.
The United States is running at
least two operations in Laos; one
is the bombing of the Ho Chi
Minh trail over which the North
Vietnamese move men and sup-
plies from North Vietnam
1
through Laos into South Viet-
'"spooks" never like to submit
nam; the other is the combat to the glare of public exposure.
support for Lao Government of- Lastly, there is an unknown
fensives against the North Viet- quantity in the secrecy equa-
tion, the human element in al-
namese and Pathet Lao rebels.
To admit to these would invite
more strident propaganda at-
tacks from American adversaries
and more censure from allies
and neutral nations, even though
the North Vietnamese, with
45,000 soldiers in Laos, and Com-
munist China, with nearly 20,000,
have also broken the Geneva
agreement
the Central Intelligence Agency-urn against it.
in Laos. Air America and Con- -RICHARD HALLORAN
tinental Air Services, two sup-
osedly private air lines oper-
ting in Laos, are known to be
inanced by the C.I.A. A large
number of people in the Agency
for International Development
(AID) mission are either C.I.A.
most all bureaucratic, diplo-
matic, and military activity that
instinctively prefers secrecy tc
disclosure whenever that Is pos,
sible.
hinese Roadbuilders
The 20,000 Chinese troops reported to be in Laos are
busy building roads in Communist-controlled territory, ac-
cording to Asian dilpomatic sources in Washington. Pic-
tures taken by American reconnaissance planes show that
the Chinese have completed a road from the Chinese
border to the market town of Muong Sai, according to these
sources. The Chinese are also said to be working on two
spur--one, along an old trail, toward the border with
Thailand, the other to link up with an existing road running
from China through Laos to a North Vietnamese terminus
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Laotian Generals Concede
= Prisoners Are Tortured
By HENRY KAMM
Special to The New York Timer
VIENTIANE, Laos,, Oct,, I.$,-
two principal leaders ? of, the
-Royal Laotian Army have ac-
=knowltdged torture and mal-
treatment of North Vietna
iinese prisoners of war and have
Sondoned the practice.
In presenting groups of cap-
ves to newsmen last week,
Oaj. Gen. yang Pao and #qaf
cen. Kouprasith Abhay con-
1-4-L ?0ne.4 fC/ .0AUZ -
lve rightists on tlieirjfde
among whose interests.",.,
d their operations were, sul;-.
cted to deprivation of food
And rink, to beatings and ele-
trical shock torture.
Laotian and Americanoffi-
cials here were surprised. not
at.the torture-which is wide-
ly practiced on both sides f
the war in South Vietnam as
well as Laos-but at the fact
that senior officers made no
attempt to conceal violations
Qf ,the Geneva convention on
the treatment of prisoners of
*ar.
Hanoi Denies Presence
Because the North Vietna-
i@tese Government denies that
its troops are fighting in Laos,
its eiibassy here denies that
1 prisoners taken in the fighting
are Vietnamese soldiers. This
deprives the prisoners of even
mi~inimal protection. Hanoi's'
embassy here refuses even to
elccept letters the prisoners
write to their families. Laos
says she holds 89 prisoners
and defectors from the North
Vietnamese Army.
Pheng Norindr, Secretary
eneral of the neutralist Royal
overnment, said after the gen-
erals' disclosures that Laos 'ad-
tiered to the principles'of the
convention, which seeks to as-
sure fair treatment for prison-
ers and to shield them against
having to disclose to their cap-
namese aid and are aided by
General Vang Pao, com-
nyander of the embattled Sec.
ond Military Region and the
principal recipient of direct
American military aid, dis-
played five Vietnamese soldiers
captured in the recent fighting
around the Plain des Jarres
when newsmen visited - his
headquarters at Sam Thong.
Four wore tight handcuffs and
were under constant armed
guard.
He Was Left Behind'
One identified himself as
Nguyen Van Co, a 24-year-old
private captured north of the
Plaine des James on Sept. 27.
He said he had been left behind'
by his retreating comrades'
when he was disabled by' a
wound in his left shoulder.
Under interrogation he _ was
evasive and kept changing his
story, General Vang Pao said.
For that, the prisoner said,
he was starved for four days
despite his wound, beaten and
tortured by shocks adminis-
tered through electrodes fixed
to two fingers of his right hand.
He held up his manacled hands
to show scratches he said had
been caused by the electrodes.
"He does not want to tell
the whole truth," said General
Vang Pao, "so he was forced a
little."
The general did not deny any
part of the prisoner's accoun.
He said Nguyen Van Co was
the only one among the five
captives on display who had
not cooperated - tkerefore
had had to be torn.
rank. Mr. Pheng said he was
unaware of any tortures.
n"early 10 years, and it is sev
eral sided. Under a 1962
Geneva Agreement the country
was to be unified under a
neutralist, rightist nd pro-
Communist coalition; t that
government has been4#6 , #ibund
since 1963. The neutralists,
sullen, tough, ad
The others nodddd it(, Aadnt
general to speak for theme
wore no handcuffs - de l*eed
that in North Vietnam `&any
lies had been told and that he
had been impressed with-the
lumber of transistor radios s~d
wrist , watches he had seen
spokesman orl7 the back~and 1s a statement today, the
said all their handcuffs would M on Democrat said that "in
be taken off when their inter- PaUjurs, high Government of-
rogaLlons were completed.
Nguyen Van Co, who an-
swered questions reluctantly,
barely opening his mouth, as
he spoke through an official
interpreter, said he was not a
::ommunist party member. Al-
uding to his torture, he said
ie was not afraid of death,
)nly of pain.
"They have me and they can
to with me that they want,"
ie said grimly. General Vang
?ao assured newsmen that the
)risoner would not be punished
or having spoken.
Reluctant to Speak
sties involver ;in LaCIiR,
-a. senate
Subcomm
not only of policy, but
of the implementation off
tt;policy, hidden even from
those 'of us in the legislative
branch who have responsibili-
ties in the foreign policy and
military fields." He added:
"To deny there is fighting Is
a travesty, when not only the
enemy but the American par-
ticipants, including those who
are casualties and some of their
families, know the truth."
The following day, General!
Kouprasith, Abhay, commander
)f the Fifth Military Region, j
which includes Vientiane,1
showed nine prisoners to the
press at his headquarters. Fre-
quently they turned their heads
away from the newsmen and
hesitated to speak about their
treatment in the presence of
the general.
However, one prisoner who
was taken outside to be pho-
tographed said that he had
been tortured in the days fol-
lowing his capture. The inter-
Pre.~er refused to translate the
details of the torture.
General Kouprasith Abhay
said the prisoners have been
well treated but that until they
talked they would be given
nothing to drink. "The Govern.
ment tries to enforce the Gen-
eva convention," lie, said, "but
not to jive them td drink in
the i?sdays if 'they do trot
tal~k'i4 p&.fetltly'.naturel.,,
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SyiningtOfl Blasts Denial That
Raps `Secrecy'
On Probe Eve
From News Dispatcne%
Sen. Stuart Symington (D-
Mo.) said yesterday it was "a
travesty" to deny that Ameri-
cans were participating in the
fighting in Laos.
Symington issued the state-
1ment on the eve of closed
hearings on Laos by his sub-
committee on security agree-
ments and commitments
abroad. He charged that "high
government officials have
wrapped activities there in a
cloak of secrecy."
Symington said the closed
session would be "the first
step in the effort to bring
Laos into public focus. A cen-
sored transcript of the hear-
ings is to be made public later.
"If there is any single area
where it would appear that
the Senate and the American
people need and deserve more
information, it is with regard
to United States commitments
and involvements in this small
distant kingdom," he said.
"In past years, high govern-
ment officials have wrapped
activities there in a cloak of
secrecy, keeping details not
only of policy but also of the
implementation of that policy
hidden even from those of us
.in the legislative branch who
have responsibilities in the
foreign policy and military
fields."
See SENATE, All, Col. 1
He a to "zO denY
t}yteb= fighg ranty
Is a tWesty, when not onl>t.
the ermY but also the Ames
can participants, including
thosewho are casualties anal
o of their families, kO"
s
thuth.
ender our form of govern+-
mIt, no matter what th na-
t~e of the enemy, wi out
?blic support no administra-
,,on should wage a foreign
var."
Symington's subcommi
has been at work sine Fe
sty examining the etent
the American Military invo
oneist overseas. it already
held hearings+dn the Phi
pined and plan` se ions la
this' year on' T and an
other Asian natio
To date, it h s not con-
ducted any of its sessions iii
the open and Its two-man in
vestigatingstaff has been ca
Imitted to absolute secrecy.
Detailed Survey
The panel is making a couUne
try-by country survey f
Far East to find out exactly
]tow deepll the United States
Is committed, through f ma1
treaties and executive under-
standings such as base gree-
'ments and contingency p
Ting papers.
The administration will not
admit to any U.S. combat
forces in Laos although it has
,acknowledged that planes
are flying armed air
for the'Laotians.
Officially, American mili-
tary enterprises in Laos are
limited to intelligence-gather-
ing operations an$fto the ac-
tivities of a sizable mission of
military attaches, scattered
about the country.,;
These men, usutally lieuten-
antsgod captaiJ, are to be
fou 'in ire those
Verb of Laos eat oceupiedby
CommUnlst forces.
U.S. Fights in Laos
('Pisa State D*gatent said
in temt ,r that *ere are
about MO U.S. " governune$"
personnel stationed In La*
But there are other American
personnel in the country, in-
Icluding crews of Air America
and Continental Air Services,_
who reportedly fly under con-
tract to the Central Intelli-,
gence Agency.)
News Reports
Correspondents in Laos
have written in recent months
of U.S. military activity in the
Mansfield, after a recent Od,
described U.S. involvementin
In August, the Senatebe
situation it passed an alend-
ment to the $20-billion dlense j
procurement bill aimed c pM
venting U.S. forces fr help
1 01 ing the Taotlans dire .The
amendment is now bforg a
Senate-House conferene.
Symington said heknd his
staff, after several rips to
Laos, "have become -nvineed
that the secrecy surounding
our relations with+'tat cos -
try has gone on fajtoo long.
Speculative news stcdes, NO-
munist propagandaxresponsi-
Jule political charge are peo
sttRbstitute for reliole factual
information on asubject of
such importance."
Sy> oa ditt1ot indicate
would
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Symington
Raps U.S.
Laos Role
By the Associated Press
Sen. S',uart Symington, open-
ing a week-long hearing today,
said it is a travesty to deny that
Americans are fighting and dy-
ing in Laos.
The Missouri Democrat is
chairman of the Foreign Rela-
tions subcommittee on security
agreements and commitments
abroad which has called Richard
Helms, director of the Central
Intelligence Agency, and othee
top officials to testify on the
U.S. involvement in Laos.
Some of the witnesses will be
soldiers and civilians summoned
home from Laos just to testify.
Although the hearings are
closed, Symington has said he
will make the record public as
soon as possible and has indi-
cated there may be open hear
ings later.
Another Vietnam?
The main question Symington
has set out to answer is: Are
an increasing number of Ameri-
cans fighting and dying in a war
that may become another Viet-
nam?
"To deny there is fighting is a
travesty, when not only the ene-
my but also the American par-
ticipants, including those who
are casualties and some of their
families, know the truth," Sym-
ington said.
Trips to Laos by subcommit-
tee aides and members con-
See HEARING, Page A-9
Continued From Page A-1
vinced him "the secrecy sur-
rounding our relations with that
country has gone on far too
long," he said.
"If whatever we have done is
right, the American people de-
serve to know it," he said. "If
whatever has been done is
wrong the secrecy can only com-
pound that wrong rather than
right it."
The Senate has become so con-
cerned about the Laos situation
it passed an amendment in Au-
gust to the $20 billion defense
procurement bill aimed at pre-
venting U.S. forces from helping
the Laotians directly. The
amendment is now before a joint
Senate-House conference.
The hearings into Laos are
part of a broad look at American
commitments abroad which the
subcommittee began earlier this
month with closed sessions on
the Philippines.
The hearings are the first for-
mal inquiry into the U.S. in-
volvement in Laos, where U.S.
carried-based jets were bomb-
ing Communist-led forces five
years ago. When the U.S. build-
up in Vietnam started, Air
Force jets joined in the pound-
ing of Laos and North Vietnam
Nearly 100 U.S. fliers have beet
lost over Laos.
The principal air target ha;
been the Ho Chi Minh trail
where it snakes through Lao
on its way around the demili
DATE ZU cef 0 PAGE
tarized zone splitting North and l Senate Democratic Leader
South Vietnam.
What is not known is the ex-
tent of U.S. support of Laotian
forces against the Communist
Pathet Lao both from the air
and on the ground. Officials
refuse to say how many Ameri-
cans actually are in the country.
The Pentagon insists U.S.
planes are flying only armed
reconnaissance and that there
are no "combat troops" in the
country. That's what President
Nixon told a news conference
last month, too.
And after a published account
said the Air Force was flying
some 300 sorties a day in sup-
port of Laotian fares, Premier
Souvanna Phouma denied there
were "combat troops" of any
other nation aside from North
Vietnam in his country.
Mike Mansfield. however, says
the United States has involved
itself in Laos as a supplement
to the Vietnam war and thatin-
vestment in American lives and
money appears to be increasing.
Mansfield visited Laos in Au-
gust and made a confidential re-
port to the President when he
returned.
The United States pumps $52
million a year into Laos for eco-
nomic assistance and according
to some published estimates per-
haps four times that in military
assistance.
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THEE NG~ AR DATE l C:` (4 (r-( PAGE 'ToCtkt ,
'Come on out, Yank-I know you're in there!'
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October 21, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
President Johnson used this alleged
incident to obtain authority to send hun-
dreds of thousands of men of our Armed
Forces overseas into Vietnam to wage an
undeclared, immoral major war in that
faraway country.
There were only five U.S. Senators at
that time who voted to repeal the Gulf
of Tonkin resolution. I am glad to report
I was one of those five. The others were
Senators FULBRIGHT, MCCARTHY, Morse,
and Gruening.
Mr. President, I have prepared and
am submitting a resolution to repeal the
Gulf of Tonkin resolution.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The con-
current resolution will be received and
appropriately referred.
The concurrent resolution (S. Con.
Res. 42), which reads as follows, was
referred to the Committee on Foreign
Relations:
S. CON. RES. 42
Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep-
resentatives concurring), That, under the
authority of section 3 of the joint resolution,
commonly known as the Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution and entitled "Joint Resolution
to promote the maintenance of international
peace and security in southeast Asia", ap-
proved August 10, 1964 (78 Stat. 384), such
joint resolution is terminated upon passage
of this concurrent resolution.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I may be recog-
nized for not to exceed 15 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? Without objection, the Sena-
tor is recognized for not to exceed 15
minutes.
THE NOMINATION OF HON. CLEM-
ENT F. HAYNSWORTH, JR., TO BE
AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE
SUPREME COURT
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, at a spe-
cial news conference convened in his
office yesterday, President Nixon reaf-
firmed his support for Judge Clement
Haynsworth and stated he had examined
in detail the record made by the Senate
Judiciary Committee, and that he had
absolutely no doubt that Judge Hayns-
worth is a man of integrity and honesty.
I have read the transcript of the news
conference, Mr. President, and also
examined the charges that have been
raised against Judge Haynsworth and
their denial by Senator Cook and others
before the Senate.
I share the judgment of the President
as to the honesty and integrity of this
distinguished nominee.
I believe that if any Senator examines
in detail and depth the so-called appear-
ances of impropriety that have been
raised, rather than taking a rigid posi-
tion based on superficial reasoning de-
termined by philosophy or ideological
persuasion, he will reach a similar
judgment.
If that approach is used, then I am
convinced that the nominee will be con-
firmed by this body by an overwhelm-
ing vote.
Some are now saying the President
should withdraw this nomination because
there are appearances of impropriety
that have been created; but I ask, in all
due deference, Who created those ap-
pearances?" Clearly, in my view, not the
distinguished nominee, for, as I have
said, any objective analysis of the record
will clearly indicate to the contrary.
The so-called appearances of impropriety
so often alluded to in debate on this floor
have been created, in my judgment, not
by the nominee but by the debate, the
newspaper accounts, the reports, the in-
nuendo, the rumor, the imcomplete
analysis of the 700-page record compiled
by the Senate Committee on the Judici-
ary.
But even if this be the fact, it is being
contended that while the ethical ques-
tions that have been raised were not
warranted, or were without foundation,
since doubt has been raised the Presi-
dent should withdraw the nomination.
However, as the President has said, and
said only yesterday, to pursue that course
of action would mean that anyone who
wants to make a charge can thereby cre-
ate the appearance of impropriety, raise
a doubt, and then demand that the nomi-
nation be withdrawn. The President re-
jected that course of action, and I com-
mend him for it.
To allow a man to be victimized in this
manner would be contrary to our system,
and would obviously mean that a nomi-
nation could be defeated for a good
reason, for a bad reason, or, as in this
case, for no reason at all.
Mr. President, I have great respect for
this body, as I have deep and genuine
respect for the underlying genius that
created our tripartite system of central
government, consisting of the executive
department, the two branches of the
legislative department, and the judici-
ary, each having a rather exquisite set
of checks and balances, prerogatives, and
overlapping jurisditcion with the others.
This insures that there is a consensus
expressed by the machinery of govern-
ment that fairly and clearly represents
the will of the people themselves.
The Senate is now engaged in one of
its unique jurisdictional undertakings-
the responsibility, under the Consti-
tution, that it advise and consent with
the President of the United States on the
confirmation or the withholding of con-
firmation of a nominee for the highest
tribunal the only constitutional tribunal,
in this Republic.
I think it might be appropriate, for the
moment, to examine in detail the re-
sponsibility of this body in that respect.
Clearly, I believe, the President and the
Senate have concurrent responsibility
and concurrent jurisdiction in the mat-
ter of selecting the members of that con-
stitutional tribunal, the Supreme Court
of the United States, in this case spe-
cifically an Associate Justice of the Su-
preme Court.
I have no quarrel with those who say
that the Senate must not act as a mere
rubber stamp, giving automatic or pro
forma approval to any nomination sent
by any President to the Senate at any
time. I do believe that our jurisdiction
is as great as that of the executive de-
partment; otherwise, the phrase "ad-
vise and consent" would have no mean-
S 12849
ing. But there is one principal constitu-
tional distinction between the responsi-
bility of the President and the responsi-
bility of the Senate. As it clearly appears
from the Constitution, only the President
can initiate a nomination. The Senate
may consider only those naminations so
initiated; and, in considering nominees
for the highest tribunal, it is the re-
sponsibility of the Senate to examine
every fact and every facet involved in
such nominations.
It is my purpose now to urge my col-
leagues to do precisely that; and, with
all due respect, even - with my great
reverence for this body, to suggest that
they have not yet done it. The debate
thus far has been altogether too de-
tached from the record complied by the
Committee on the Judiciary. The debate
thus far has dealt too much and too often
with "the appearance of impropriety,"
and too little with the fact and sub-
stance of the nominee's record as ad-
duced by the committee.
I believe it would be a tragic chapter
in the relationship between the Senate
and the judiciary if this nomination were
not determined on the basis of the merits
and facts of the controversy, rather than
on the basis of innuendo. I believe, as
I have stated before on this floor, that it
is time we examined the facts and cir-
cumstances attendant upon this nomina-
tion, and stopped "shoveling smoke"-a
phrase that was impressed upon me some
years ago when I was in law school. It
was then pointed out that too often law
students and lawyers and, I am inclined
to believe, legislators, even those in this
august body, tend to become caught up
in the emotions of the moment and to be
attracted by the glitter of vocabulary in-
stead of careful scrutiny of the record
itself and the facts and circumstances on
which a judgment should be based.
In response to that implication, either
Justice Holmes or Judge Learned Hand-
I have forgotten now which-made the
charge that lawyers are prone to spend
much of their adult lives "shoveling
smoke"-that is, dealing in things other
than the facts of the case at issue.
I admonish my fellow Senators, and
I am confident that the Senate will not
do so, not to engage in a smoke shoveling
contest in connection with the confir-
mation of Clement Haynsworth to serve
as an associate justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States. I believe my
colleagues, and the Senate as a body, will
not engage in the luxury of innuendo as
the basis for judgment, but rather will
make their judgment on the basis of the
facts. The facts have been clearly de-
lineated in the hearing record, and on
occasion in debate on this floor. I com-
mend now, as I have previously, the mag-
nificent statement made by the junior
Senator from Kentucky (Mr. COOK),
wherein he took, one by one, the charges,
the inferences, the allegations, and the
implications-not just those involved in
the debate, but in the stories circulated in
the press, from every source-and made
a point by point, meticulous answer to all
such charges. I said then and I say once
again that it is the constitutional duty
of every Member of this body to do what
MARLOW Coox, the distinguished junior
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S 12850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE October 21, 1969
Senator from Kentucky, did, and that is nominated to be a Supreme Court
to examine these matters and look the Justice.
facts in the face. I am very proud that the Senator from
The confirmation of the nomination of Tennessee has seen fit to make the re-
a man to serve on the highest court In marks he has made today.
t!iis land must be so judged. It must not Having known Judge Haynsworth, his
be judged on some inference of liberal father, his grandfather, and the distin-
philosophy or conservative philosophy, guished family from which he comes, I
or some alleged bias of a prolabor or anti- am sure that the Members of the Senate
labor stand, because, Mr. President, if we and the people of this country will be
do judge on that basis, we are setting up very proud to have him serve as a Su-
a constitutional principle that I believe preme Court Justice.
or approve of. If some say, as some have 1
nI AC,QILTLT% TTl'LORMATION TTS
cause 1116 p1m06opuy is too ploluuur ui
too antilabor, or too liberal or too con-
servative," we are in fact saying by that
allegation or that statement that we are
going to choose the members of the Su-
preme Court of the United States based
upon some artificial balance between
liberal and conservative, prolabor and
antilabor. Mr. President, for my part, I
do not want a member of the Supreme
Court of the United States, whether it be
the Chief Justice or an Associate Justice,
who is either pro or anti anyone in these
United States. To say that Clement
Haynsworth is antilabor implies that the
maker of the statement would rather
have someone who is prolabor; or to say
that he is anti-civil rights, that he would
rather have someone who is pro-civil
rights.
Judge Haynsworth is neither, and no
conscientious member of this Govern-
ment, whether he be a Senator, a Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court, or the Presi-
dent of the United States himself can
afford the luxury of being anything other
than dispassionate, calm, and impartial
in his judgment of what is best for this
country and best for humanity.
So I reject out of hand the conten-
tion that we should judge on the basis
of a philosophical bias of any sort, and
say rather that we should examine this
nominee as we should examine all nom-
inees, on the basis of their competence,
their qualification to serve and to serve
well, to serve impartially and to serve
judiciously the best interests of the peo-
ple of this country, all of them, without
breaking the population down into pro or
anti anything.
Clement Haynsworth is uniquely suited
for this difficult task. The President of
the United States has chosen well. The
Senate of the United States must exam-
ine the facts and not revel in innuendos
or aspersions. We must come to terms
with the judgment we must make, dis-
regarding as we must so often disregard
what its political impact will be at home
with one group or another, and we must
decide what is best for this country.
In my humble view, what is best for
this country is a man who has the ju-
dicial impartiality to look facts in the
face and call the judgments as he sees
them, which is precisely what we must
do also in judging this confirmation.
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I
commend the able and distinguished
Senator from Tennessee for the fine
presentation he has just made. It is my
firm belief that when Senators read the
record in the Haynsworth case, they will
find that Judge Haynsworth is as well
qualified as any man who has ever been
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, look-
ing back to the debate on the 1970 mili-
tary authorization bill, I would like to
bring to the attention of my colleagues
two points which have caused me deep
concern in the past 6 or 7 weeks.
The first point is the fact that this de-
bate has revealed to our enemies vast
amounts of classified information they
could not have obtained otherwise. Sec-
ond, it appears to me we are witnessing
a direct challenge to the committee sys-
tem as we have known it here in the
Senate.
On point No. 1 regarding classified in-
formation, it is not my desire to bring
into question the right of any Senator to
challenge any item in any bill on the
floor of the Senate. To do so would chal-
lenge the democratic process which has
made our Government a powerful and
influential one.
However, it must be recognized that
in the 6 weeks the military procurement
bill has been debated item by item, in-
formation on weapons systems vital to
our defense has been spread across the
public record for all to see.
During this debate the thou lit often
ocurred to me that our enemies would
ave been required to pay millions to es-
veaie ESSIONAL
ECORD i del f`I' a few cents-. It is
not hard to imagine the exci et`ment of
communist military leaders around the
world as their interpreters pour over the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and extract in-
formation vital to their development of
an effective strategy against us. Can you
imagine the copies of the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD which have been shipped to
Russia, China, Cuba, and other un-
friendly countries in the last month?
Mr. President, the opponents of these
various weapons systems are not the only
ones who have spilled our "military
beans" so to speak, but those of us try-
ing to defend these systems have also
been forced to reveal classified data,
knowingly and unknowingly, in an effort
to preserve the strength of our military
establishment.
Our entire military strategy and con-
cepts have been enumerated in full. We
have had to talk about the "2 and ?!Z"
concept and justify it, we have had to
talk about our balance of deterrence,
our commitments abroad, our strategy of
a a our Navy, the
shortage of submarines, the approaching
weakness of our manned bombers, the
successes and failures of our antiballistic
missiles, the characteristics of our new
tank, the naval strategy involving our
aircraft carrier forces, the approaching
obsolescence of our Air Forces, the stra-
tegic concepts upon which the C-5A is
based, and so on.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time
of the Senator has expired.
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I be permitted
to continue for an additional 10 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, on
two systems our debate has been partic-
ularly revealing, the ABM and the
MBT-70.
In the lengthy debate on the ABM we
precisely pinpointed the location of our
planned defensive missiles, we discussed
their capabilities and their weaknesses,
we talked about the multiple independent
reentry vehicle techniques, the size and
power of our warheads, the number and
range of our ABM's, the dispersion of our
Sprints and Spartans, the 'expected
points of interception, the problems with
chaff and other countermeasures, and
the strength and failures of the radars
which control and guide these defensive
missiles. This debate also laid bare the
strength of our ICBM's, our Polaris and
Poseidon forces, and the present makeup
of our strategic bomber squadrons.
Furthermore, we revealed to a large de-
gree exactly what we know and what we
do not know about the military strength
and plans of the Russians and the Chi-
nese. Any schoolboy could plan the de-
fense of his fort better if he knows how
many slingshots, rubber guns, and diri
balls his opponents have prepared to use
against him.
Regarding our revolutionary new tank,
the MBT-70, we were forced to reveal its
particular characteristics in an effort to
justify its continued development. This
being a joint project with West Germany,
our allies must be in a state of shock
over the fact we have unveiled to a po-
tential enemy all the strengths and
weaknesses of a vehicle in which they
might some day have to place their young
men and commit to a battlefield. It is
likely the MBT-70 will be the last joint
development project any nation will ever
undertake with America, the land of open
discussion.
Mr. President, I do not know what the
answer is, but I hope it is something
other than what we have just been
through. All of these weapons systems
have been reviewed and discussed at
length in executive sessions of the Armed
Services Committees of both the House
and the Senate. In the past, certain clas-
sified hearings and reports of the com-
mittee have been available for Members
of the Senate to examine if they wished.
It is not my suggestion that the Mem-
bers of the Senate give unqualified sup-
port to the recommendations of the Sen-
ate Armed Services Committee. This
committee has 18 members but we are
not infallible, nor is the Defense Depart-
ment, the President, the Bureau of the
Budget, or any group involved in the
defense of this Nation. Still thee must
bey a better g" to ae at ese issues
bhe best interest all
concern . is must acco she muli.
d
t~r
wit the recognition
a more secret
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October 21, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
ce_s om-
mit e e t an goes before a o er co -
r~ esslona committees com5mect."'
problem is c3MVIMIM by the
fact that our enemies in this world oper-
ate in closed societies where the repre-
sentatives of their people are more the
servants of a powerful elite than the
masters as in our country. Discussions
of their military problems never reach
the public ear or printed word and, there-
fore, they have an advantage because
of the oppressive nature of the political
systems under which they operate. While
we cannot do anything about their sys-
tem it does seem that some thought
should be given to finding adequate
methods to provide the necessary reviews
and debates of our own military prob-
lems without the exposure which has just
resulted in the Senate.
Qn the second oin we had a ;ltnessM
in recen mop sac challenge the
mi ee system. we n1ve Men men r
of other commi ees use tlieir comMittges,
we nave seen or a bipartisan
group of Senators and Congressmen
working as members of an unofficial
body called the Military Spending Com-
Lff-
cial
e
o
en e
c tE was organize t to
a
e findings and reports o the oreign
custom we would have chaos, and each of
us clearly recognizes the inherent
dangers.
Now, Mr. President, I know some of
the members of this military spending
committee and they are good men who
share a deep concern for the well-being
of our people. But I wonder if they
realize r he door to h
destruction o the comm. e e system of
Congress and embarking on broad vistas
from which there may be no honorable
retreat. They have assigned themselves
to such groups and in so doing have
demonstrated a lack of faith in the com-
mittee system as such.
130 or 40 a were affucii
t e foreign aid authorization bill calling
aso~. on. Has the expenditures of ese
tuna's been analyzed in detail? Have cost
program in these various countries? Is it
cheaper to feed an Indian or an Indo-
nesian? Should not the General Ac-
counting Office look into these pro-
grains? Have justification hearings been
held on these expenditures? Where do
these expenditures fit into our priorities?
In overcoming malnutrition, has the
responsible committee determined what
constitutes malnutrition and how many
calories are needed to overcome it? What
independent studies are available to sup-
port these requests? Is it cost effective to
ship rice from Arkansas or Louisiana to
Vietnam when Formosa could provide it
cheaper? Should we not have studies on
top of the hearings conducted by the
responsible committees here in Con-
gress on these subjects?
These unorthodox procedures of short-
cutting committee work and organizing
a parallel nonofficial committee has re-
sulted in floor challenges poorly based in
fact. But he result has been not victories
or the opPonentS. but vier our
enemies have c_assi a in-
formation about our Military ais -
ment Yes, we could go-iinto~ aid e ecu-
v e sessions in these Senate debates, but
would that serve the high purposes of
democracy or enhance the image of the
Senate in the eyes of the people? I think
not.
Mr. President, these two subjects have
been on my mind a great deal since the
recent debate of the 1970 procurement
bill began. There is no doubt that this
bill has received the closest examination
by the Senate in the history of this Na-
tion. This examination has also served
some useful purposes as well as bringing
about the problem I have just discussed.
For one thing, it is my opinion the Sen-
ate Armed Services Committee gave the
1970 military procurement the most
careful study and review it has given a
piece of legislation since I have been on
that committee. This does not mean to
imply that committee action in previous
years has not been thorough, but today,
more than ever, our military establish-
ment is gigantic and its needs are con-
suming a large part of the budget dollar.
The debate on this year's military
authorization bill amounts to a new
phenomenon never before witnessed in
the Senate. The requests of the military
were about the same last year, during
the Johnson administration, when no
item was seriously questioned on the
floor, even the expansive Sentinel ABM
which involved a commitment much
greater than the Safeguard ABM re-
cently passed by a narrow vote. We have
just witnessed here in the Senate during
recent weeks an item by item challenge
of many of the new hardware weapon
systems vital to our national defense. It
is an unprecedented situation, and
sometimes wonder if the "whiz kids of
ens se nave
rig
OTT
through the proper committees, is a part
of the answer. Surely, we cannot con-
tinue to lay bare our military secrets as
has been done during the debate on the
1970 military procurement bill.
NEED MORE HELP FOR RURAL
WATER AND SEWER SYSTEMS
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President,
many nonmetropolitan Americans have
every right to question our national pri-
S 12851
orities when we can put men on the
moon, but are falling farther behind in
the effort to provide modern conveni-
ences for many of our smalltown and
farm homes.
Out in the rural United States more
than 30,000 smaller towns are still with-
out water systems, and more than 40,000
without sewer systems. Despite scientific
and engineering developments of recent
years, Americans residing in these areas
still must struggle against the hazards of
bad water and scarce water; and com-
munities without these advantages most
of us take for granted are certain to lose
out in their efforts to hold their people,
attract newcomers and develop new in-
dustry. The lack of central water and
sewer systems is much of the reason for
rural decline and mounting numbers of
distressed people moving in on our cities.
In recent years we launched an at-
tack on this problem through the rural
community water facilities program. The
Farmers Home Administration of the
Department of Agriculture has helped
rural communities plan and finance 3,600
water and sewer systems in the first 8
years of the effort.
My State of Missouri is one of the three
leading States in accomplishment under
this program. However, we still need
many more systems in rural Missouri
than the 165 produced to date. Unfor-
tunately, in the past 2 years, the pro-
gram in our State has gone down from
a pace of $14 million to $3 million a
year. This results from lack of support
in a war-heavy Federal budget for this
kind of action in the interest of a
stronger and better America.
Missourians and their statewide Farm-
ers Home organization, so well adminis-
tered in the past administration by
State Director J. Everett Jose, put forth
an outstanding effort to begin the task
of overcoming the rural disadvantage
in water and sewer services. We have
been assured that Mendel Cline, succeed-
ing Everett Jose as State director, also
will make the most of every resource
and opportunity to carry on the rural
water facilities program; but more help
is neec.ed from the administration and
the Congress.
The challenge of water and sewer de-
velopment in rural areas is often com-
pared to the challenge of rural electrifi-
cation, which has been met so success-
fully that lights and power now flow to
almost every farm home in the United
States.
Rural electric cooperatives also have
demonstrated in Missouri that they can
render outstanding public service in help-
ing the people of their communities
provide long-awaited water and sewer
systems, through the Farmers Home
Administration program.
This civic effort by rural electrics is
described in an editorial published in
Rural Electric Missourian for Septem-
ber 1969. I ask unanimous consent that
it be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WATER SYSTEMS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR RURAL
PROGRESS
Rural leaders have long been aware of the
important role that a good, quality water
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE October 21, 1969
supply plays in the total rural development
program. Industrial growth, recreation de-
velopment and just plain wholesome rural
living all are enhanced by the availability
of a safe and sanitary water supply.
Good and adequate water is a serious prob-
lem in many areas of rural Missouri be-
c_ause ground water is very high in salt con-
tent. Drilling in these areas for individual
water wells becomes a definite financial
burden.
For all these reasons Missouri is one of
the leading states in developing modern,
central water systems covering small towns
and countryside. Project financing through
the Farmers Home Administration to date
totals some $35-million in loans for Mis-
souri rural water systems.
Our state ranks third, exceeded only by
Texas and Mississippi, in the volume of its
rural water program. Some 165 projects have
been developed to date with 25 additional
projects in advance stages of planning. Most
of these systems are thriving. Some are hav-
ing the expected difficulties that come with
supplying a service to sparsely settled rural
areas.
In addition, approximately 140 applica-
tions have been rejected because funds will
not be available to finance them until after
fiscal 1970.
Missouri's electric cooperatives have been
instrumental in developing many of these
projects. They have provided technical as-
sistance and leadership in the development
of these projects throughout the state.
With the knowledge gained from 35 years
experience providing electric service in rural
America, electric cooperatives in Missouri
and other states can and should offer val-
uable leadership and advice during the dif-
ficult formative years of the rural water
districts.
Water and electricity are two essential re-
sources for the growth of any area. Electric
cooperatives have provided the electricity-
they can lend valuable assistance to the
water districts.
THE CONDITIONS OF THE
RURAL AGED
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, for the
past 2 months it has been my privilege to
conduct a series of field hearings into
the problems of the rural aged on behalf
of the Special Committee on Aging. Dur-
ing that time hearings were held in Iowa,
Kentucky, Indiana. Arkansas, and Mis-
sissippi. In each of these States the prob-
lems of the rural aged were all too obvi-
ous: extreme isolation, inadequate diets,
ramshackle housing, and infrequent
medical treatment are but a few of the
severe problems with which they must
contend. In addition, they share with
their urban contemporari?ss a common
economic problem. Almost without ex-
ception their income is grossly inadequate
to meet their needs. The minimum social
:security benefit of $55 which many of
them receive is barely enough to main-
tain life from month to month. As well,
many of the people whom I talked with
have no income at all and must rely en-
tirely on friends and relatives for the
necessities of life.
If there is one conclusion that I came
-.way with after the hearings, it is that
tliis country has a positive obligation to
make as comfortable as possible the twi-
l eht years of those who have served it so
well. Let us not forget that these are
the farmers and the miners and the la-
borers and the mothers who have time
and time again shown their devotion to
this country. Certainly, the true test of a
nation's greatness is its treatment of
those "who are about to leave the fair."
One man who feels very strongly that
our country is wanting in this regard is
the Reverend Nathaniel Machesky,
O.F.M. Father Machesky has done much
in the Greenwood, Miss., area to insure
that the last years of the aged will be dig-
nified and happy. The statement which
he delivered before the Special Committee
on Aging at the Mississippi hearing, I
found to be most powerful and moving.
I ask unanimous consent that it be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT ON AGING
A case for action, immediate and mean-
ingful, for the aging was established here
this afternoon just as in every hearing
conducted by the distinguished Senator from
Indiana and by other members of his Com-
mittee on Aging.
There is, however, one dimension of the
overall consideration which must be men-
tioned. This is the profoundly human di-
mension. Something mysterious, almost
magical, happens to a person in need when
he or she knows that somebody cares. For far
too long aged people in our community have
known-not felt-that few if any cared
about them. Can any of you here this after-
noon know what it means to have lived
a life of backbreaking toil in cotton fields
or cotton warehouses only to be told in the
twilight of one's years that "if you were not
so lazy you would have saved for your old
age"? Or to be told, "If you had been a
better parent you would have trained your
children to look after you"?
I have looked into tear-filled eyes of old
people who heard such things from social
and welfare workers who used such a cruel
way of reminding old people that they were
a burden to society and if they happened to
be black, they were somehow less than a
person. I have heard old people say that they
lived in the hope of one more Christmas
because the little party for old folks here
at the Center was the biggest day of their
lives because it proved that somebody cares.
Gentlemen of this special committee,
please carry to every member of your com-
mittee the voice of all the aging members
of our community. They can point to a life
of loyalty to the American system, they can
show you a record of many years of hard
work, they can tell you in a voice mellow
with age, enriched with sincerity, that they
have survived by their faith in America
and their confidence in the American dream.
Before their life's candle flickers out, they
hope-oh, how they hope!-that America
will show it truly cares. America should
show it cares quickly and meaningfully by
using the resources these aged persons have
helped develop, by using it now to make
every minute of their waning lives rich in
contentment so that their loyalty, their
faith and their hope will not have been
in vain.
KANSAS HONORED BY SECRETARY
HICKEL
Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, the State of
Kansas was honored this month with
a 3-day visit by Secretary of the Interior
Walter J. Hickel and his charming wife.
For the Secretary, his visit was in most
respects a homecoming, for it was near
the town of Claflin that he was born and
reared. It was my privilege and pleasure
to accompany the Hickel party on a tour
of our State which took him into each of
the five congressional districts. It was
obvious that the Secretary enjoyed every
minute of his stay, and there was little
question about the warmth of his re-
ception.
The full account of this visit is related
in a most concise and picturesque man-
ner by Mr. McDill Boyd, noted Kansas
publisher and outstanding citizen, who
also accompanied the Hickel party on
much of its swing around the State. I
ask unanimous consent that Mr. Boyd's
article, entitled "A Most Remarkable
Man," and published in the Phillips
County Review of October 16, 1969, be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows-
A MOST REMARKABLE MAN
An engaging and dynamic man, the hu-
man?side of Walter Hickel emerged at ClafU i
last Friday evening when his heart was on
his sleeve as he visited with family and
friends.
The Secretary of Interior, accompanied by
his gracious wife, took time out from an
extensive tour of Kansas last week to "go
back home", and see his folks again. It was
his first visit to Kansas since he was named
to the Cabinet post by President Nixon, and
after watching him relax at a family dinner,
it was easy to see why he had said that if
he came to Kansas, he was certainly going
to visit Claflin.
Hickel reached down to tousel the hair of
a nephew; and inquire of a little niece what
had happened to one of her front teeth. Sur-
rounded by 46 close relatives (he came from
a large family) the group first went to dinner
at the church basement; then to the high
school football game; and wound up the
evening with a reception when more than
100 relatives, down to second and third
cousins, continued with the visit.
He and Mrs. Hickel have six sons of their
own, and with two of them still at home,
she cannot travel with him all the time, but
was at his side constantly on the trip to
Kansas. Commenting simply, he said; "When
a man gets too big for his home town, he's
too big to be useful to anyone else."
During half-time at the football game, he
was at the microphone in the press box tell-
ing family and friends how good it was to
be home again; and calling for teammates on
the Claflin football team. The other three
members of the backfield (Hickel was the
quarterback at 135 pounds) all showed up
as Hickel called for "42-right", a favorite
play at that time.
Hickel is at his no inconsiderable best
with questions and answers before audi-
ences of any size. He fields questions prompt-
ly, directly, and intelligently. Audiences at
,Wichita, Salina anu McPherson; the press
corps at those cities as well as at Hays apd
Dodge City were captivated by his forthright
approach. During his brief stay in Kansas,
he had a capacity crowd at a Wichita lunch-
eon; at'a reception and dinner in Salina;
at an airport reception in Hays enroute to
Dodge City where he was the principal
speaker at the Arkansas Basin Development
Association before going on to tour Old
Fort Larned, one of the Kansas installations
under his supervision. He also visited the
"Waiting Wives" at the Schilling Air Force
base in Salina where families of veterans
who are overseas await their return.
After a busy day and a half, he made the
trip to Claflin to spend the night with rela-
tives, and then took off for McPherson at
7 a.m. Saturday where another overflow
crowd-this time a breakfast-greeted he
and his wife.
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 Ap
H qm CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20505
FROM: John S. Warner
Legislative Counsel
Telephone: I
Approve grD ase - 002-1
KE)
1-64 PREVIOUS
EDITIONS.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Z z WASHINGTON, D. C. 20505
wJ
4ro Sr,.rl5 pFa
TO:
FROM: John S. Warner
Legislative Counsel
Telephone:
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 WAS N P' F19E)S Jease 2005/${?I7E CIA.f i)P779Y6
pq
00200030002-1PAGE
Senators Held' Exploring Role
Of U.S. Army Advisers in Laos
By Bernard D. Nossiter
Washington Post Staff Writer
A secret hearing on Laos is
reported to have explored the
role played by American
Army officers advising Royal
Lao combat units.
William Sullivan, a deputy
asistant secretary of state for
East Asia, is understood to
have testified on this point
yesterday and Monday.
Sullivan, ambassador to the
embattled kingdom from 1964
until this year, is said to have
reiterated the administration's
insistence that no American
soldiers are engaged in actual
fIghting.Knowledgeable
sources, however, said that his
ment in its battles against the
North Vietnamese allies.
No portion of the attaches'
testimony came to light. The
three officers questioned were
Col. Robert L. Tyrrell, air at-
tache in Vientiane; Lt. Col.
Edgar W. Duskin and Maj.
Robert Thomas, Army
attaches.
IA Activities
Sullivan is also
Laos. The CIA is said to e -
o Green Berets on de-
tached duty to lead some Lao
uni s.
Informed persons disclosed
that one point has already
of its earlier, secret inquiry
into the American Involve-
ment in the Philippines. That
quarrel, it is reported, has
now been virtually resolved.
The Laos transcript, it is now
emerged clearly from the in- i predicted, will cause much
the Symington jubcommittee
and the administration are
h
aw
goingr to collide over
much
wea hrrings
a public.
The subcommittee has been
ies ertalipn.. by themeI
tra Intelligence Agency
replies did not rule out the
possibility that Army captains
and majors are at least re-
viewing if not formulating bat-
tle plans for the Lao forces.
Strict Silence Ordered
Sen. Stuart Symington (D.
Mo.), the Senate Foreign Rela.
tions subcommittee chair-
man, is holding the inquiry be-
hind closed doors and has en-
joined government agencies
and senators involved to main-
tain a strict silence.
However, three military at-
taches in Laos were also ques.
tioned yesterday about points
raised with Sullivan. T h e y
were asked, too, about reports
that American bombers are
providing tactical support for
the royalist-neutralist govern-
impartment over the transcript
mittee, Sen. George Aiken (R-
Vt.), yesterday offered an opti-
mistic reading of the first two
day's testimony. He said he
didn't think it indicated that
the United States was slipping
into another Vietnam.
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MIRY TEST DELAY
URGED BY MUSKIE
e Hopes to Encourage
Similar Soviet Action
%LAWRENCE VAN GELDEN
enator Edmund . uskie
o aine as night a n' "aaeral
"7i'X-month postponement by the
?1nited States of testing of its
controversial multiple individu-
,fiat tests of the multiple-war-
head intercontinental missile
system would not be resumed
unless the Soviet Union initi-
4ed such tests.
fA moratorium on testing our
%ultiple re-entry missiles would
}apt involve any appreciable risk
our security," Mr. Muskie
said in a speech prepared for
`delivery at a dinner at the
American Hotel in honor of the
28th anniversary of the Weitz-
mann Institute of Science in
Israel.
He said, "It is proposed as a
meaningful ste_o to stimulate
mutual efforts by the United
State and the Soviet Union to
control the escalation of r'.u-
clearweapons systems hefore it
is too late."
Supported Brooke Move
Mr. Muskie was one of 41
S(nators who supported a pro-
posal last summer by Senator
Edward W. Brooke, Republican
-?tf ` Massachusetts, calling for
speedy negotiation with the
Soviet Union of a moratorium
on testing and deployment of
MIRV's.
Critics of the multiple war-
head system have contended
that unless an immediate halt
is imposed on MIRV testing, it
may prove impossible to re-
verse the nuclear arms race in
any negotiations with the So-
viet Union.
Mr. Muskie said in his speech
last night: "There is some evi-
dence that the Russians are not
anxious to talk about substan-
tive arms control agreements
with the United States until
they have resolved their bor-
~r ZZ-00 (y 'A GE t l
-He noted that at. the time of
Senator Brooke's proposal, dis-
armament talks between the
United States and the Soviet
Union appeared imminent, but
he observed last night, "The
talks have not begun and no
dates have been fixed."
Meetings Postponed
In August of 1968, the Soviet
Union informed the United
States that it was ready to be-
gin the discussions with a series
of meetings of heads of govern-
ment at Leningrad. But after
the Soviet-led invasion of
Czechoslovakia that month, the
Johnson Administration put off
the talks. In mid-June, the
N' on Administration informed
t} Soviet Union that it was
re dy to begin them.
president Nixon said in June
the United States would
n agree to "unilateral" sus-
pension of its multiple-warhead
missiles, but would suspend its
tests only if "the Soviet Union
and we could agree that a mora-
torium on tests could be mu-
tually beneficial to us."
Early in August, the Penta-
gon's chief scientist, Dr. John
S. Foster Jr., director of re-
search and engineering for the
Defense Department, told Con-
gress that in his opinion the
iet Union was testing MIRVs
d should be able to start in-
stalling such warheads on its
missiles during the last half of
next year.
Later in the month, President
Nixon's advisers were reported
divided on whether to propose
th8 MIRV flight test moratori-
um to the Soviets.
In his speech last night, Mr.
Muskie said: "At the present
time, we and the Soviet Union
can, through our own surveil.
lance systems, tell with great
accuracy, the number of missile
zithers the other has in place T
i we cannot detect the num.
er of warheads fitted inside E
single missile.
On-Site inspection
"Thus," he continued, "if
MIRV missiles-with their mul?
tiple warheads-are deployed.
it will be virtually impossible
to achieve genuine arms control
arrangement without detailed
on-site inspection rights."
Among the invited guests
among the 1,500 persons pres-
ent at last night's dinner were
63 Nobel laureates and other
individuals distinguished inpub-
lic affairs, literature, music,
labor and business.
The guest of honor at the din-
ner was Meyer W. Weisgal, the
president of the Qeizman Insti-
tute, in Rehovoth, Israel, who is
marking his 75th birthday. At
the end of this year, he will be
succeeded as president of the
institute-one of the world's
largest-by Dr. Albert B. Sabin,
who developed the oral polio
vaccine.
President Nixon sent a con-
gratulatory message to the
members of the institute.
Through dinner subscriptions
at $500 a person and other
gifts, last night's gathering
raised one million dollars for
the institute. Mr. Weisgal was
presented with the city's Cul-
tural Award in behalf of Mayor
Lindsay by Richard Lewishohn,
nomic Development AdminY
as ator. ,
A??
Others will` be held in 'London
and Israel.
der dispute with Communist
China. We should not let such
delays prevent us from acting
to keep MIRV missile develop-
ment fr Qm ec ardi r~q~ ch&nce~s
of reachi g WfsrlStilita'dease 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP71B00364R000200030002-1
agreement."
 Approved For Release 2005/01/27: CIA-RDP71 B00)?tV0 J 1 03000?pAGE
THE EVENING STAR DATE
Fuibright
Lists. Extent
Of Laos Aid
By United Press Intern
aMbntil
Sen. J. William Fulbrtght,
D4 rlt., claims U.S. military in-
vtAvement in Laos has swelled:
.a point where the government
is'' spending $150 million a year
to supply arms, training and
transportation for an army of
99,000 men.
Fulbright, chairman of the
Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee and a severe-critic of the
Vietnam war, said yesterday
U.S. commanders, using ' ?enor--
mous" air power, are engaged
in the actual planning of combat
operations in Laos.
The Central Intelligence Agen-
cy, acting under orders from the
executive branch, is conducting
the operation, he said, and this
`!seems to me to be most unusu-
1 and irregular-if not e$oee
stitutional."
Fulbright made the comments
after emerging from a closed
hearing at which CIA Director
Richard Helms told a Foreign
Relations subcommittee about
the U.S. role in Laos.
The State Department spokes-
man Robert J. McCloskey said,
meanwhile, the United States
has no defense agreement with
Laos that is written, stated or
otherwise understood.
Li
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP71B00364R000200030002-1