CUBAN INDEPENDENCE AND CASTRO'S CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300180015-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 15, 2005
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: May 20, 1968
• Content Type: OPEN

May, pt, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 1113985
allowance. The three-fourths time and
one-half time allowance authorized by
my bill would be $80 and $55 monthly.
Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, I urge
the House to resoundingly approve this
bill, H.R. 14954, providing vocational
rehabilitation training to service disabled
veterans on a part-time as well as a full-
time basis. Presently a disabled veteran
can participate in this program and re-
ceive training allowance only if he trains
full time.
Experience has shown that some dis-
abled veterans have family responsibili-
ties which preclude them from partici-
pating in vocational rehabilitation train-
ing on a full-time basis. The option of
part-time training would allow many of
these men to learn a skill.
Other veterans, while able to perform
some type of gainful employment despite
their disabilities, would like to partici-
pate in such training on a part-time
basis, in order to improve their employ-
ment status. Except for their disabilities,
these men would most likely have been
able to attain more lucrative jobs and
thereby achieve higher standards of liv-
ing. Thus, they should be permitted to
take vocational rehabilitation on a part-
time basis while they are employed so
that they can achieve the positions and
income they might have attained but for
their service-connected disabilities.
Obviously the purpose of this bill is to
extend simple justice to those who have
sacrificed much for this country and I
hope it will be given the unanimous ap-
proval of this House.
Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, we have
before us today a bill that would help
thousands of disabled veterans to develop
new job skills.
I want to voice my vigorous support
for this bill-H.R. 14954-and to urge its
swift enactment into law.
The bill, a proposed amendment to
title 38 of the United States Code, would
amend this title to allow disabled vet-
erans to take part in vocational rehabili-
tation programs on a part-time basis as
well as full time. Currently the title pro-
hibits part-time participation in these
programs. This restriction, Mr. Speaker,
is clearly unfair. It presents many dis-
abled veterans with a bleak dilemma:
either leave their present jobs to take
part in vocational rehabilitation pro-
grams full time, or abandon the rehabili-
tation programs entirely. Many disabled.
veterans, despite their disabilities, hold
jobs that increase their morale as well as
their bank accounts. Clearly they should
be allowed to keep these jobs while par-
ticipating part time in vocational reha-
bilitation programs that lead to better
jobs. Many other disabled veterans-
those not employed-have family re-
sponsibilities that prevent them from
joining rehabilitation programs full time.
These men, too, should be granted the
opportunity of part-time activity in vo-
cational rehabilitation.
Again, Mr. Speaker, I urge the passage
of H.R.14954.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
the motion of the gentleman from Texas
that the House suspend the rules and
pass the bill H.R. 14954.
The question was taken; and (two-
thirds having voted in favor thereof)
the rules were suspended and the bill
was passed.
A motion to reconsider was laid on
PERSONAL ANNOUNCEMENT
Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr.
Speaker, the bill H.R. 15387, relating to
assaults on postal employees, passed
this afternoon without controversy by
a vote of 333 for and 5 against.
Had I been present for the vote on final
passage today, Monday, May 20, 1968,
on the bill relating to assaults on postal
employees, I would- have voted "yea,"
thus to protect our good postal employees.
THE RECENT RIOTS IN
WASHINGTON
(Mr. ABERNETHY asked and was
given permission to. address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, - I
know of no city or people in America
that has had to endure more than the
city of Washington and its people when
this town was struck by rioting, arson,
and looting a few weeks ago. Many re-
ports were heard to the effect that
the servicemen, National Guardsmen,
and policemen who were put upon the
streets were instructed not to load their
weapons and not to shoot looters,
arsonists or rioters even though the acts
were committed in their presence.
Mr. MCMILLAx and the House District
Committee saw fit, as a result of these
reports, to make some inquiry into the
matter. I think this inquiry was most
appropriate. I think a contribution was
made toward having perhaps better pro-
tection of the public and the property
thereof should the riots break out again.
Many think a renewal of the riots is
quite possible. Evidently the city fathers
think there is a great possibility of such
as they testified before the committee
that preparations were being made for a
"show of strength" on the streets in a
minimum of time if such did break out.
This morning I noticed in the Wash-
ington Post-I seldom look at the Post,
incidentally, but this was called to my
attention-a report that it was my view
that the police should be authorized to
shoot suspects "indiscriminately." I may
be a pretty bad fellow-and the Post
seems to think so-but I am certainly
not that bad. I never made any such sug-
gestion, and the Post knows this. How-
ever, when considering the character of
journalism usually resorted to by the
Post, no one would suspect it of pursuing
a policy of accurate reporting. And I
might also add, Mr. Speaker, that I am
flattered not to be within the realm of
its favor.
I did suggest, Mr. Speaker, that Public
Safety Director Murphy forced the police
to play it, "soft." His own testimony re-
flected as much. He never denied it. His
policies left this city and its people at
the mercy of the hoodlum element and it
also left them endangered to a renewal
of the riots, looting, and arson. If there is
any doubt that Mr. Murphy stands at the
bottom of the totem pole with the police
and the people of this city then the Post
editorial writers and others who may be
in doubt need only take a look at my -
District of Columbia mail and answer the
telephone calls made to my office.
Most of the people realize, whether the
Post does - or not, that they are living
under very dangerous circumstances and
in a very tense situation. Millions of dol-
lars worth of property and lives are en-
dangered. The economy of Washington
has been stagnated as a result of the
recent riots and the method by which
they were handled. Hotels are not near
to capacity as ordinarily at this season of
the year. Restaurants are suffering from
the same lack of business. We used to see,
thousands of young high school children
going through this magnificent building
at this time of year, so heavy that you-
could hardly go from one end of this
Capitol to the other. The hallways are
empty. Conventions are being canceled,
up through the year 1969. This is all be-
cause the policy of Mr. Murphy, who
carries the title of Public Safety Direc-
tor, is such that the public does not feel
they are safe on Washington streets.
Everyone in this city, except possibly
the Post, knows this city is in deep
trouble. This we all regret. We ought to
be ashamed of it. For one, I am, although
I am not in the slightest responsible for
it. Who Could be proud of the opinion
which the rest of the Nation and the
world have of this city at this time? The
Post might be, but indeed no one else
is.
I simply want to see a safety policy
adopted here where people will feel that
their lives are safe and their property
will be protected. -
I must say to the Post that the hood-
lums may burn Seventh Street, 14th
Street and U Street today, but they could
burn the Post tomorrow, and they just
might do it.
Then the Post will be crying out in
agony "Where is the law?" -
CTTB,N INDEPENDENCE AND CAS-
TRO'S CUBA
(Mr. FASCELL asked and *as given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, on Inde-
pendence Day, it is customary to evoke
memories of the patriots who risked life
and fortune to secure their nation's
liberty. The hardships they bore are re-
called, with gratitude for the legacy of
freedom that their courage and convic-
tions made possible.
C.'tBA'S REVOLUTIONARY HERITAGE
Today is Cuban Independence Day.
The long and bitter struggle to rid Cuba
of Spanish tyranny is rich with the
heroism of such leaders as Maximo
Gomez, Antonio Maceo, and Jose Marti,
and countless ordinary citizens endured
several decades of strife so that future
generations of Cubans might be free to
forge their own destinies.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 20 1968
In the bloody but unsuccessful Ten
Years War which lasted from 1868 to
1878, 200,000 lives were lost. But the
Cuban people- refused to accept Spain's
arbitrary rule. In 1895 they revolted
again. This time Spain resorted to herd-
ing thousands of men, Women, and chil-
dren into concentration camps to pre-
vent them from aiding Cuba's rag-tag
guerrilla forces. In Havana Province
alone, 50,000 died in the infamous camps
from inadequate food and disease. Still
the Cuban people fought on against
Spain's massive and better-armed forces.
UNITED STATES AND THE CUBAN REVOLUTION
Deeply moved by the writings of Jose
Marti, Cuba's great "apostle of freedom,"
Americans felt a special affinity and
compassion for the Cuban people. Marti,
after taking refuge in New York in 1881,
worked unceasingly to rally his country-
men against Spain's arbitrary rule, to
raise money for arms, and to win under-
standing among Americans. His elo-
quence helped to arouse strong sympathy
in the United States which was instru-
mental in America's decision to inter-
vene against Spain.
According to the current Cuban re-
gime, U.S. intervention was designed to
steal Cuba's freedom at the very moment
victory was in sight. But the facts belie
Castro-Communist attempts to denigrate
Cuban-American friendship by rewriting
history. When the U.S. Congress did call
for intervention in 1898, the Senate
passed without debate the Teller amend-
ment, which declared:
That the United States hereby disclaims
any disposition or intention to exercise
sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over the
said island except for the pacification there-
of, and asserts its determination, when that
is accomplished, to leave the government and
control of the island to its people.
Certainly, U.S. economic and strategic
interests were considerations in the in-
tervention. But the temper of the Ameri-
can people, as reflected in the Teller
amendment, was antiimperialistic. In
fact, the, United States did withdraw
.from Cuba and did set up an independ-
ent state, a remarkable demonstration of
altruism in an epoch when the principal
powers of the world were scurrying to
extend their holdings in the backward
and weaker regions of the world.
When, at last, the flag of the sov-
ereign Republic of Cuba was unfurled
in Havana on May 20, 1904, the event was
greeted joyfully throughout the Western
Hemisphere for it marked the eradica-
tion of the last vestige of Spain's colonial
power in the Americas.
On the anniversary of that joyous day,
this House of Representatives has tradi-
tionally paused in its deliberations to
join our Cuban neighbors in celebrating
their victorious battle for independence,
in which the United States played a role,
albeit small in comparison to the sacri-
fices and heroism of the Cuban people.
CUBAN INDEPENDENCE DAY STILL RELEVANT
With Castro in the saddle and the
Cuban people again deprived of control
of their beautiful homeland, it may
seem ironical, even irrelevant, to com-
memorate Cuban Independence.
Indeed, Cuba no longer is an independ-
ent nation. Castro can rail against the
Soviet Union's tactics of "peaceful co-
existence" in Latin America. He can de-
nounce the Kremlin's attempts to trade
with Latin American countries whose
governments Fidel regards as enemies.
He can demonstrate his contempt for
Soviet policy by sending a low-level dele-
gation to Moscow for the 50th anniver-
sary of the Bolshevik Revolution. He can
boycott the Kremlin-sponsored Budapest
Conference last February where the So-
viet Union hoped to line up supporters
against Peking. He can imprison old-
guard Cuban Communists caught com-
plaining to Russian envoys about his
erratic economic policies and revolution-
ary adventures. But for all Castro's
bombastic show of independence, Cuba
remains perilously dependent upon the
Soviet Union. By simply dallying on the
shipment of petroleum, the Kremlin
could paralyze the Cuban economy.
With Cuba converted into a Soviet
satellite, Cuban Independence Day is no
longer an occasion for rejoicing: Never-
theless, Cuba's struggle for independence
from Spain remains pertinent today. In
that. prolonged battle, the Cuban people
proved their mettle. They demonstrated
that they will not long endure tyrannical
rule, and that they are prepared to make
great personal sacrifices to achieve
freedom.
Despite all Castro's efforts to Indoctri-
nate the young with totalitarian Com-
munist doctrine, I am confident that
Cuban pride in Cuba's own ideals and
martyrs will eventually cause a revulsion
against the foreign dogmas and the gal-
lery of imported gods-the German
Marx, Russian Lenin, Argentine Che
Guevara, and Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh-
which Castro has imposed on the
anguished Cuban people.
UNITED STATES CANNOT REMAIN ALOOF
Meanwhile, the United States cannot
remain aloof from the Cuban tragedy. AS
long as Castro and his Communist co-
horts retain power, Cuba will remain a
threat to the Western Hemisphere, for
two reasons: first, because of Castro's
determination to spark guerrilla warfare
in Latin America; and second, because of
the possibility that the Soviet Union may
again, in presently unforseen circum-
stances, deem it advantageous to install
nuclear armaments in Castroland.
Then, too, there is the question of the
Cuban people. The inter-American re-
gional security system was organized and
designed to prevent the domination of
a member state by a foreign government.
it is futile to play the game of hindsight,
and even now it is not at all clear that the
Organization of American States could
have prevented Castro, then riding a
wave of hysterical popularity, from
marching Cuba into the Communist
camp. Nevertheless, the Organization of
American States, and the United States
as a member of the OAS, cannot evade
their responsibilities to the Cuban people.
Our policies, therefore, must be designed
not only to prevent Cuba from becoming
a military threat to the Western Hemi-
sphere and to block Cuban-based sub-
version of other Latin American coun-
tries, but also to quicken the day when
the Cuban people themselves oust the
tyrant.
U.S. POLICY OBJECTIVES
I believe that U.S. policy toward Cuba
has been well formulated. Our policy ob-
jectives are aimed at achieving the fol-
lowing objectives:
First. To see that Cuba does not men-
ace our strategic power, as during the
October 1962 missile crisis;
Second. To strengthen the Latin
American nations, through collective
political, military, and economic
measures, so that they may resist Com-
munist subversion;
Third. To limit Cuba's ability to sub-
vert Latin America;
Fourth. To increase the cost to the So-
viet Union of maintaining a Communist
outpost in the Western Hemisphere;
Fifth. To demonstrate to the peoples
of the American Republics that commu-
nism has no future in the Western
Hemisphere; and
Sixth. To deny the Castro regime the
wherewithal and success it requires to
consolidate itself firmly within Cuba,
thus making clear to the Cuban people
and to elements of the power structure in
the Castro regime that the present gov-
ernment cannot serve their interests.
POLICY HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE
To date, our Cuban policy has been
remarkably effective.
To guard against any attempt to re-
introduce offensive weapons into Cuba,
the Strategic Air Command's U-2's con-
tinue to overfly Cuba as needed. Also,
radar and photographic reconnaissance
is carried out along Cuban coasts. These
operations, as well as our steadfast re-
fusal to deal with Castro, constantly re-
mind the Soviets that the United States
considers its vital interests to be a stake
in Cuba and will no tolerate any threat
in the Caribbean to our total defense
posture. The message seems to be get-
ting through loud and clear to the Krem-
lin. We must keep signaling the Soviets
lest they forget the lesson of the missile
crisis and again underestimate our re-
solve in that area.
TERRORIST-INSURGENCY CAMPAIGNS STIFLED
Meanwhile, our policies with respect
to limiting Castro's ability to subvert
other countries in Latin America have
been demonstrably effective. The United
States has worked continuously with in-
dividual governments in the region to
help them to improve the ability of their
police and armed forces to deal with
terrorism and insurgency. In addition,
the United States and Latin American
governments are cooperating with in-
creasing effectiveness in exchanging in-
telligence on Castroite subversive activi-
ties and improving communications.be-
tween their security forces.
The capture and execution of Che
Guevera by Bolivian counterinsurgency
forces last October was a devastating
blow to Castro's plan to ignite violent
revolutions throughout Latin America.
Che was the most renowned Latin Amer-
ican theoretician on guerrilla warfare.
His treatise on do-it-youself revolution
was the bible of young malcontents and
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 113987
self-styled messiahs throughout Latin
America. When Guevara dropped from
sight, international speculation as to his
whereabouts heightened his mystique.
Given Che's stautre in the world of vio-
lent revolutionaries, his capture in Bo-
livia by what had widely been regarded
as the most feeble armed forces in South
America was a humiliating defeat.
But Che's ignominious end was only
the last of a long line of Castro-inspired
failures. Guerrilla campaigns in Guate-
mala, Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru,
which the Cubans hailed with a fanfare
of extravagant propaganda, have been
wiped out or reduced to marginal pro-
portions.
OLD-GUARD COMMUNIST PARTIES BACK OFF FROM
CASTRO
Meanwhile, the stiffened resistance to
terror and insurgency on the part of
Latin American governments has had
an important side effect. As it became
increasingly clear that guerrilla-terrorist
campaigns were not going to succeed,
were frequently suicidal and was antag-
onizing the masses, the leadership of
the old Soviet-oriented Communist par-
ties in Latin America backed off from
supporting Castro's revolutionary strat-
egy. This has infuriated Castro. He now
argues vehemently that armed warfare
against the "imperialists" is the only
test of a person's revolutionary ideology.
Castro's thesis, which challenges the
right of each national Communist Party
to decide its own strategy and tactics,
has sharpened dissension between him
and odd-guard Communist parties in
Latin America. Their marriage has
soured to the point where none of the
experienced Communist leaders showed
up last August in Havana for the meet-
ing of the Latin American Solidarity
Organization, Castro's vehicle for aid-
ing and abetting revolution In the
hemisphere.
. The falling out among thieves does not
mean an end to robbery. Nevertheless,
Castro's split with the old-guard Com-
munist parties in Latin America does de-
prive him of the Communists' organiza-
tional skills, their manpower, and their
financing. Castro is thus thrown back on
his own resources to realize his dream of
turning the Andes into a vast Sierra
Maestra.
POLICY OF ECONOMIC DENIAL EFFECTIVE
Those resources, thanks in part to the
United States and hemisphere policy of
economic denial, are now practically
nonexistent. Our blacklisting of ships
that call on Cuban ports, the OAS sanc-
tions against any trade with Cuba, and
our own efforts and those of a number of
Latin American countries to persuade
nonhemisphere countries to refrain from
trading with Cuba, have been devastat-
ingly effective.
Cuba is particularly vulnerable to this
type of pressure. Prior to the Castro re-
gime, Cuba's imports from the free
world-principally the United States-
represented more than 30 percent of its
gross national product. These imports
were vital components of Cuba's eco-
nomic prosperity, consisting primarily of
industrial goods and equipment, fuel,
raw materials, and foodstuffs. Further-
more, Cuba's industrial installations, its
powerplants, sugar mills, and transporta-
tion equipment all were of Western
origin. Without replacement parts,
Cuba's industrial plant has rapidly de-
teriorated.
The much publicized sales.of British
buses, French locomotives, and Spanish
boats are annoying, but these are infre-
quent departures from the rule. In fact,
a large number of sales to Cuba have
been blocked, a fact which we can't
broadcast without offending the involved
countries. But Castro himself is pain-
fully aware of the effective economic
blockade hemming him in. In a speech
at Havana University on March 14 he
complained:
There is no single country whose trade
relations with the rest of the world have been
cut to a higher degree by the imperialists
[that's us]. Many times it is not even a ques-
tion of having the reserves. Sometimes the
reserves are available and there is 'no place
to buy, or one must buy at much higher
prices.
This "imperialist" says, "Great." The
policy of economic denial is hurting the
Cuban regime, and hurting badly. But
what is the policy meant to accomplish
and are its ends being achieved?
The policy has several goals. It is aimed
at tarnishing Castro's image in Latin
America as a revolutionary hero who can
bring the millennium by clubbing up
with the Communist bloc.
It is intended to cripple the Cuban
economy to the point where Castro has
no handy cash with which to engage in
subversive activities elsewhere in Latin
America.
It is designed to put the full burden for
subsidizing Castro's follies on the Soviet
bloc in order to dampen Russian en-
thusiasm for underwriting any new Com-
munist revolutions in Latin America.
Finally, it is directed at denying the
Castro regime the success it needs to
consolidate itself in Cuba.
The economic denial policy, along with
Castro's own spectacular mismanage-
ment, is proving remarkably effective.
The Cuban economy is in dire straits.
The forced industrialization by which the
Castro regime was going to free Cuba
from dependence upon sugar failed when
Castro's theoreticians discovered that
Cuba lacked the basic raw materials. So
it was back to the drawing board, and
Castro's planners made the brilliant dis-
covery that Cuba's future lay in its agri-
cultural resources, particularly sugar
production.
You will remember that early in the
Castro regime, Castro and his associates
floated the canard that the United States
was responsible for Cuba's lopsided de-
pendence upon sugar, because we had
made sugar production so attractive by
allotting the island a huge sugar quota
at above world market prices. By their
cockeyed definition, that was "imperial-
ism." But by 1964, Castro was promising
that Cuba would produce 10,000,000 tons
of sugar by 1970. Since then, he has
promised all manner of goodies by 1970:
to abolish rent and housing payments;
have half a million students above the
primary grades; have 40,000 agricul-
tural technician graduates; even to abol-
ish money.
But the economy cannot even run
without a Soviet subsidy, calculated at
$350 million a year. Cuba needs a mini-
mum of about 1.5 million tons of sugar
in free market exports to pay for pur-
chases like a recent $48 million fertilizer
plant from Great Britain. It needs an-
other 400,000 tons for home consumption.
That means that Castro must subtract
about 2 million tons from the crop be-
fore he can meet his commitment to Iron
Curtain countries for bartered items,
chiefly heavy machinery and oil. Most
experts agree that this year's harvest
will not top 5 million tons. Since Cuba
already owes the Soviet Union about 2?/2
million tons for past transactions, Castro
is going deeper into hock to Russia and
will not have much sugar, if any,. with
which to earn hard currency on the open
market to buy other essentials.
Can Cuba meet Castro's promised 10
million ton annual sugar harvest figure?
It is highly improbable. Planned mech-
anization has failed. Soviet canecutters
have been producing less than one-sixth
their estimated daily quota. After the
machines got into operation last year
with great fanfare, the Cubans found
that they were not suitable. Further-
more, they took far more support equip-
ment than needed to serve human
canecutters. And all that mechanized
equipment burned oil. In addition, the
new "reception centers" Castro's plan-
ners set up in the fields to collect, clean,
and chop the cane before it is sent to
the mills all burn oil. When these tasks
were accomplished in the mills, they
were often done by steam power from
boilers heated by bagaz-dried cane.
Meanwhile Cuba, as Fidel Castro was
forced to announce on the January 1,
1968, anniversary of his takeover, is con-
fronted with a paralyzing shortage of
petroleum products. In an uncharacter-
istically short speech-only i hour and
40 minutes-a subdued Castro told his
audience: "The Soviet Union has made a
considerable effort to keep us supplied
with fuel"-to the extent that in 1967
162 tankers arrived in Cuba, one every
54 hours-"but all appearances indicate
that the possibilities of this country sup-
plying us with fuel at the rate of increase
of our necessities are limited."
Castro claims that the direct petroleum
shortage is due to increased domestic
consumption. It is more likely that In-
efficient consumption in Cuban industry
has contributed to the shortage, while
known refinery breakdowns have helped.
Metal fatigue and corrosion have made
the three U.S.-built Cuban refineries run
a combined breakdown rate of about 60
days per year. For over a year and a half,
Cubans have been frantically shopping
in Canada, Japan, and Europe for re-
placement parts.
Just how disastrous the fuel situation
is was revealed by Raul Castro in a May
Day speech, when he declared:
The party Central Committee this year de-
cided not to have the same mobilization as
the previous ones but to carry it out by using
the civil defense organization system for the
purpose of giving a practical test to the plans
prepared for wartime. To this end, a pilot
plan was organized at No. 8 people's farm in
Bayamo, in which tractors and trucks were
replaced by plows, teams of oxen, and farm
wagons, eliminating all kinds of machinery
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 2G,' 968
and transportation vehicles that consumed
fuel .
Based on this experience we will copy this
system on a local basis and in the various
r:gricultural activities throughout the nation
until we get the most precise idea possible of
how much we can produce without a single
drop of fuel or with an indispensable mini-
n,um of fuel If it became necessary.
Stripped of jargon, Raul is telling the
Cuban people that he and his brother
have succeeded in moving Cuban agri-
culture back at least one-half century,
under the pretense of practicing for war-
time.
In similarly whacky terms, the Castro
regime seems to have solved the problem
of unemployment. In 1957, the sugar
harvest took 93 days. In 1967, the harvest
was spread over 129 days, with a massive
mobilization of manpower. Schools were
let out so that young people could help
cut cane. Women were encouraged to
take men's jobs to free the men to work
in the fields. The militia and reserves
were mobilized to haul cane. Some 40,000
political prisoners were pressed into serv-
ice. What matter that Cuba produced 22
percent less per day in 1967 than a
decade before, everybody in Castro's
Communist paradise was working hard
for the fatherland-or so says Castro's
script.
Is everybody in Cuba happy on a daily
diet of exhortations and slogans?
Food is stringently rationed in a land
where it had been plentiful. Per month,
people are allowed only 3 pounds of rice,
1 pound of beans, 1 pound of lard, one-
fourth pound of butter for children
under 8 years of age. The meat ration is
one-fourth pound per person every 2
weeks when available, and one chicken
per family every 3 months. The coffee
ration is 11/2 ounces per person per week.
Only children under 6 years and the very
old are permitted fresh milk, 1 liter of
skimmed milk a day. Recently, a ration
has been set at one beer or one soft drink
per month.
The clothing situation is equally dis-
astrous. Women may buy one dress, one
petticoat, three pairs of stockings, and
two brassieres per year. Men get only one
pair of trousers, one shirt, one under-
shirt, two undershorts per year.
Signs of real trouble for Castro are ap-
pearing. There have been continuous
food riots from one end of the island to
the other. In some cases, the armed
forces have had to be called in and, in
sympathy with the people, have shown a
real reluctance to bring force to bear. In
one instance, in February, about 70
stevedores in Havana refused to load
food and powdered milk aboard a Soviet
vessel destined for Vietnam and were
hustled off to prison by soldiers. Recently,
horrendous graffiti are being scrawled in
public restrooms. Among the nonobscene
appear: "Hunger," "Fidel, traitor,"
"Down with Russian imperialism."
There is as yet little tendency toward
organized sabotage or resistance. The
more dispassionate observers report that
the Cuban people seem to be in a stupor.
But individual Cubans now and then vent
their feelings by dropping a wrench into
machinery; sailors and railroad men uri-
nate in the bulk sugar. Another telling
sign is reported by incoming Cuban refu-
gees. Members of the Committees for
Defense of the Revolution, the neighbor-
hood block spy system, have begun to tell
refugees departing Cuba words to the ef-
fect, "Remember. I never mistreated
you."
Castro, in a kind of stream-of-con-
sciousness passage in a speech at Havana
University on March 14, indicated that
even he is beginning to harbor doubts
about Marxism-Leninism. With a weird
plaintiveness, he said:
We must say that many militant revolu-
tionarles went through the so-called revolu-
tionary instruction schools, which were In
fact schools for the purpose of revolutionary
Instruction. Philosophical matters were
taught-the elements, the fundamentals of
Marxism-and of course this Is useful, It Is
necessary, and good. But there was also some-
thing that the revolution has taught us, since
the revolution Is, after all, the most formi-
dable teacher for revolutionaries, and that is
the abyss, the enormous abyss that at times
exists between philosophy and reality. Above
all, it has also taught us to what extent the
manuals are becoming antiquated, are be-
coming something anachronistic, since often
they are incapable of saying a single word on
the problems the masses ought to know
about.
Often they become abstract generalities,
vague and without content. You think you
have a really trained militant and what you
have is a militant who is Ignorant about
many of the most serious problems of the
contemporary world.
It must also be said that there Is much
of cliche, little stereotyped phrases, and
something more ... some Iles. This is some-
thing which unquestionably has had an in-
fluence on that certain weakness In train-
ing-instruction-to which our masses are
still subjected. We understand that a more
complete and better understanding of these
problems would be helpful. Of course there
Is not much literature within Marxism on
these problems. It would be well if those who
in some way can do something, those who
In some way can tell something, would pon-
der In what problems and in what manner
we must give our people more profound
revolutionary training.
But if Castro had any doubts about
the Communist path he had led his
countrymen down, later in the same
speech he plunges ahead anyway, more
papal than the Pope.
There still remains among us-
Said Castro-
a real scum of privileged persons who live
on the work of the others and who live con-
siderably better than the rest. We believe-
He went on to the cheers of the au-
dience-
that we must firmly propose to put an end
to every parasitical activity that still remains
In our revolution.
Who were these scum, these parasites,
living in luxury? They are, it turns out,
street vendors and the owners of small
bars and hole-in-the-wall businesses.
If the situation were not so tragic,
Castro's speech would be hilarious, a
perfect script for an Alex Guiness lam-
poon of a beserk tropical dictator play-
ing at being a Communist. According to
Castro, and I quote:
A series of Investigations and statistical
analysis were ordered, for the party's benefit,
of the material different comrades had
gathered to acquaint ourselves and give us
a concrete knowledge of the problem and to
undertake solutions involving the social and
economic nature of our revclution. 'This study
was nade by ^TC (Central Commr;tee of the
Communist party) militants , . For this
study the CTS members undertook all types
of research w.th the cooperation of the com-
rades, from the viligance front of the CDR's
(the neighborhood spies).
What kind of research? With respect
to tic bars, Castro enumerates the fol-
lowing:
W ao they are, who buys. where they buy,
how much t:iey make, what they do, who
frequents them, and what they dis.uss. They
themselves cannot even hnagine. We have
their names and everything else.
And what did the loyal Communist
militants turn up in their investiga-
tions of the Cuban bars? Casto tells it
with a straight face:
Tie outstanding type of sale re. alcoholic
beverages . Seventy-twc percent of them
are opposed to our revolutionary process.
sixty-six percent of the customers, who fre-
quent these places are antisocial. None of
these businesses provide any social benefits
for the people.
It would be of interest to social set-
entiits to know how the militants de-
termined if a customer was antisocial. I
can see one of the inves lgators slipping
on to a stocl beside some poor guy and
asking him, "How goes ii,, Chico?"
The man replies, "Well, not so good.
It's been a bad day?"
"Why, what's the matter?" the secret
investigator asks companionably, as
strangers are wont to do when sipping a
drink side-by-side at a br.r in old Havana.
"Well," the unknowing victim re-
sponds, "that wife of mine is giving me a
hard time. Gripe, gripe, gripe. No meat,
after waitiag in line 3 hours, no
medicine fox her mother; no slices for the
kids. As if I can do any thing about it."
Out comes f. black notebook, into which
the investigator chalks up the customer's
crimes: antisocial; counterrevo..utionary.
Castro went on to inform his audience
that an investigation was made regard-
ing the "political integration" of 2,056
owners of private businesses in Havana
Province and metropolitan Havana. Then
he declared:
The greatest percentage of those who
were not participating in the revolution was
among the owners of fried road stands, where
out of 41 Individuals who reported the in-
formation, 30 of them, 95.1 per.,ent, were
tour. terrevol t _tionaries,
Castro then proceeded to re:ate what
he called a "specific analysis of the fried
fooc sellers." Here I must quote Castro at
some length, for if I paraphrase, you will
think I have got to be kidding. Said
Castro:
In this work a special study wt s made of
a group of individual stand operators who
sell fried and other food. The most widely
sold article is egg omelet, generally bread with
egg omelet. Of the 50 establishments investi-
gated, 43 of them sold omelets. This is due
to tie easy c.cquisition of the materials. In
second place are fish croquettes and rolls.
After these come French fries. Sold in lesser
amounts are stuffed pota-oes, fr tiers, and
sardines. In others, shrimp. fish, squid, ham-
burgers, sugarcane juice, cigars, matches,
milkshakes, candy, coffee, end soft drinks are
sold The study made In these cases was made
by a group of extraordinarily Interested mili-
tants. These studies brim. into prominence
the political importance of finding a solu-
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tion to the problems created by this mer- In short, the policy of economic denial ments can be measured solely by the
eantile infrastructure, one which appears is accomplishing its goals. First, Latin numbers game, that is, by the numbers
where the state organizations do not give
adequate service to the people. The lumpen can see Castro's Communist of schools, houses, and. hospitals built,
pen
find suitable means for making profit and experiment for what it is: an absolute the per capita rise in GNP, or the num-
living from all vices, exploiting the rest. We dictatorship, with even that cherished ber of cooperatives established. Nor can
have 10 cases which clearly illustrate these right of Latin American students, uni- the Alliance be declared a failure by
problems. versity autonomy and student represen- pointing to the white elephants it has
The upshot of this incredible parody tation, eliminated; a nation of conscript promoted. We have to look at the broader
of social science research was Castro's labor, the people deprived of individual picture. Despite Castro's appeal to the
decision to shut down 57,600 little buss- freedoms and enduring great privation. downtrodden to grab guns and Molotov
eisi But he gives no inkling of how he As a result, Fidel is no longer the "Pied cocktails, no Latin American country has
intends u re give their services "which Piper" of the Latin American left. suffered a protracted civil war or suc-
in himself place sprang "where Second, Cuba's collapsing economy can cumbed to communism. There is, of
state organizations do not give adequate ill afford to undertake subversion on a course, no way to determine what influ-
stateeo ganipeople." scale which could seriously menace Latin ence the Alliance for Progress has exer-
service ight on one score. He des- America. cised on the situation. But I am con-
Castro is
st o one score. bridge, Third, there is every indication that vinced that the Alliance has been an im-
perately needs "thee guidanc abyss that the Soviet Union and Eastern European portant factor in providing some direc-
in his words,
bphilosophy and ysh t block countries have learned a lesson tion and hope in the region, thus blunt-
exists between e bridge in 'Philosophy im has yet from their Cuban experience and are not ing the appeal of the extremists. com But be at band probably never will et eager to repeat the experience. THE FUTURE OF CUBA built So tstage Castro could use a psy- be. Finally, the current dissatisfaction and To sum up, I believe that the United
chiatr. So at i this unrest is a sign that Castro is not firmly States is following the right general
Why, Castro-watchers speculate, did In the saddle. The recent trial and im- course of action toward Cuba. Castro's
C Why, the atcle shops speculate, street prisonment of some 40 old guard Com- attempts to subvert Latin America are
Castro? Certthe li to sr es andri treet munists, who were trying to? get the So-
stand,
viet Union to exercise pressure on Castro being frustrreco. The Soviet leaders have
could bring nothing of economic value to to get some rationality into his erratic strength some to recognize the eterminhe
the regime-a mess of pots and pans, policies, is an additional measure of the region. The serious the
epresence in oli-
some irons, perhaps a cache or two- of growing disillusionment cal whs economic co and raised
re-Castro scotch. with Castro tical problems which Cuba has rsed
Most observers think Castro needed a within Cuba, for Moscow have dampened the enthu-
new whipping-boy to spur flagging revo- ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS siasm of the Kremlin leadership to de-
lutionary fervor. He had to make a While strengthened security measures fend and subsidize another satellite in
speech on March 14, the 11th anniver- in the hemisphere and the policy of eco- the hemisphere. Thus, the challenge once
sary of the assault on the Presidential nomic denial have proved effective in posed by Communist Cuba to the hemi-
Palace. But everything was wrong. The countering Castro's militant subversion, sphere has been greatly reduced.
economic screws stayed tight on the is- forceful means alone will not safeguard But what about the Cuban people?
land. The economy was paralyzed. His Latin America. The belated impact of There are now roughly a half million
Soviet mentors, while not cutting back the industrial and technological revolu- Cubans in exile. Since the Cuban air-
on petroleum shipments, had refused to tions on traditional societies in the region lift was established in December 1965,
.step them up to bail Cuba out of its is ripping apart old institutions, in many 100,000 people have used that route of
ominous petroleum shortages. His goal of cases before new ones can be built to re- escape from Castro's tyranny. Another
10 million tons of sugar in 1970, now only place them. There may be no completely 120,000 have signed up for the airlift, in
2 years away, looked less promising than successful policy which the United States itself an act of courage and desperation
ever of fulfillment. Then there were all can bring to bear on rapidly moving, un- since all those who register their desire
his other promises, also unfilled and each stable situations, but maintenance of the to depart lose immediately their em-
year obviously less likely to materialize. status quo is out of the question. ployment and become dependent upon
Even Castro, in his speech, mentions for I am convinced, therefore, that the the charity of friends for months, even
the first time, "a certain unrest and concept of the Alliance for Progress is several years, until they can get space on
spreading of rumors." Then, too, there valid. The United States must continue the airlift. Only those with relatives in
was the end of his pretensions to lead all to press for the goals of the Alliance for the United States can take advantage
Latin America in a glorious Communist Progress in order to channel revolution- of the airlift. Other Cubans still are
revolution, With Guevara's death, the ary fervor toward ameliorating intoler- risking their lives on makeshift boats
Soviets backing off from violent tactics able political, economic, and social con- and rafts to find a haven in the United
in favor of, peaceful coexistence, and ditions in a democratic manner-to cut States. Some Cubans make a run to
young Castroite adherents from Latin off at the pass, so to speak, the dangerous Guantanamo Base through an area
America dropping down to a trickle, Cas- demagogues and Communist conspira- heavily guarded by Castro's militia.
tro was deprived of his rallying cry to the tors. While operations of the Alliance for There are many Cuban refugees in my
Cuban people that they would show Progress can probably be improved in district, making a significant contribu-
Latin America the way. He could still many ways, the concept still remains the tion to the life of the area. A number of
dredge up the Bay of Pigs and the threat best policy for promoting democratic, them feel embittered that the United
of a U.S. invasion, but after 7 years, and stable countries in Latin America, capa- States and/or the Organization of Amer-
no subsequent fireworks, this was getting ble of defending themselves. lean States have not forcefully removed
to be a rather stale substitute for meat Clearly, solutions to Latin America's the Castro regime from Cuba.
and bread, Castro needed to create a new myriad problems will take longer than While sympathizing with their long-
enemy of the revolution, hence the the 10 years originally stipulated in the Ing to return to a democratic Cuba, I
crackdown on the hole-in-the-wall Charter of Punta del Este. President do not think an invasion from outside
businesses. Johnson has stated that the United will achieve the goals we all desire. In-
Then, again, Castro may just simply States is prepared to extend the period. deed, an invasion might give Castro the
be a purist who cannot stand to see I agree. I see no alternative to the multi- rallying cry he needs to unite Cuba's
57,600 individuals making a living in lateral framework for cooperation estab- restive and wavering populace. For, how-
Cuba's barren economy. lished by the Agiance except the chaos ever insane Castro's policies have been,
Whatever the reason, Castro may find of more than 20 rudderless countries in Cuban nationalism remains ardent.
that his move was counterproductive. In the hemisphere, directionless, or even at Furthermore, we cannot ignore the
one swoop, he created an army of un- cross purposes, and easy prey for the de- question of Soviet involvement. The So-
employed. The able bodied have been termined Communists. dilemma
carted off to cut cane, but after the Even though the Alliance for Progress hoped to make Cuba an example for other
harvest? And contemplate, for a mo- has not attained all its ambitious self- countries in Latin America, as well as a
ment, those closed bars. Where is a man imposed goals, I think it has proved its base for propaganda, training of agents,
going to go to blow off steam? value. I do not believe its accomplish- and other subversive activities. But, as we
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H 3990 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR
have seen, Cuba is a poor showcase for
communism, and the stiff policy of con-
tainment has reduced Cuba's usefulness
as a base of subversion. Meanwhile, Cas-
tro's insistence on promoting guerrilla
warfare throughout Latin America goes
against the new line the Soviets want to
follow-to keep progressing gradually un-
til conditions for takeovers materialize.
Consequently, Cuba has become a politi-
cal as well as economic liability to the
Soviet Union.
But for the time being, Moscow cannot
just drop Cuba. Cuba is the only exten-
sion of the Communist world not
achieved under the shadow of the bayo-
nets of the Red army. It is the only coun-
try in the half-century since the October
revolution that gives any substance to
Communist Claims that the world Com-
munist resolution is inevitable. Further-
more, Cuba represents a great accom-
plishment for the Soviets in having estab-
lished a Communist regime only 90 miles
from the United States, the heart of the
capitalist world. Cuba is also important
to the Soviet Union in the context of the
Sino-Soviet contest for leadership of the
world Communist movement. The Krem-
lin cannot allow Cuba to slip from its
influence to the Peking camp.
Castro knows all this and has taken
great liberties in challenging Soviet lead-
ership. The disagreement between Russia
and Cuba is now serious. While each
country has good reasons to bear with
each other a while longer, each seems to
have drawn a line and is daring the other
to step over. Given Castro's tempera-
ment, it is not inconceivable that he will
be unable to control himself and will
overstep the limits of Soviet patience.
Castro, himself, in his Havana Univer-
sity speech on March 14, warned that his
save measures to keep the lid on, will one Fourth: Human Rights, for each and every
day know the wrath of an anguished citizen, regardless of race or creed.
people. Fifta: The Law, as the foundation for the
proper development of the Human Society.
And the spirit of liberty lives on. Dedi- Sixth: Democratic Goverrunent, with its
cated and brave Cubans outside of Cuba three independent branches: Legislative,
have pledged themselves to fight eon- Executive and Judicial.
stantly to free Cuba from communism. Seventh: Representative Democracy,
On January 23, 1966, patriotic and free through the exercise of Universal euffrage,
Cubans reaffirmed their faith in the prin- Periodically. Free and Secretive, as the ex-
eiples of liberty. In the very same San pression of Popular Sovereignty.
Carlos club, Jose Marti proclaimed Eighth: Freedom of Worship, Freedom of
Teaching
Cuba's Independence from Spain In 1893. , Freedom of the Press and Free
Enter prise.
In Key West, Fla., on that historic day Ninth: Private Property and Ownership,
In 1966, 1,500 Cubans gathered to pro- as the basic expression of Liberty.
claim their new declaration of freedom. Terth: The improvement of living condi-
Their declaration is a reaffirmation of tions for both rural and city working masses,
faith in the principles of liberty which with ;he just and necessary measures, keep-
once inspired the people of Cuba to ing in mind the legitimate interests of both
throw off tyranny: Labor and Capital.
Ele?renth: The derogation and eradication
THE DECLARATION or FRF.SDOM of anything w!ilch is opposed to the political
In the city of Key West, Monroe County. and religious 'undamentals aforementioned,
State of Florida, United States of America, and specificisily, the abclition of Com-
we, the Cuban exiles in the United States, in munism and any other form of totalitarian
the name of God Almighty, and speaking mant'estation.
both for ourselves and the oppressed people Signed and ,ealed in Key West, Florida, on
in Cuba. the Martyr Island, do say: the 23rd day of January, 1966.
That on January 1st, 1959, the slavery yoke Ar.d so, Mi. Speaker, the torch of fi'ee-
guiehed that in came Cuba from at the end Europe of and the was 19th ex cenn- -
dom is passed from hand to hand and
tury, was resumed. many hands shall one day pro-lain its
That those responsible for this high trea- righteouness for the Cuban people.
son to our Fatherland and to our People are Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker,
just a score of traitors who, usupating the I find it sad and ironic that on this day,
Government of the Country have beenact- the 65th anniversary of Cuban inde-
ing as mercenary agents for the Sino-Soviet pent Brice, the only Cubans who can cele-
impertallsm imperialism, our and Frreeeeedom m surrendered to and and our our Dignity, that brat! the occasion are the one: not liv-
also betraying the American Hemisphere. ing in Cuba.
That as a consequence of this high trea- The degree of freedom. and independ-
son, those who are usurpating the Power in ence once enjoyed by the Cuban people
Cuba (as they were never elected by the has declined almost daily since Fidel
People) are Imposing a regime of bloodshed.
Castro imposed his Corr.munist govern-
s and hate without any respect con- ment on the people of that island.
sideraation on to the dignity of the human be
der-
ing or the most elementary human rights. H? promised them much, ir spite of
That In their hunger for Power, these the fact that the standard of living in
traitors, following the pattern of totalitarian Cuba was cne of the highest in Latin
Soviet backing is insecure, saying: regimes, are trying, within Cuba, to separate America. Yet he has del vexed-only pov-
We have to think first about ourselves and the Family, which is the cornerstone of ac- erty and hunger. He has all but destroyed
believe only in ourselves, always ready to sell tual society, and at the same time, are poi-
our lives very dearly without expecting any- coning the minds of the Cuban children and the pride and spirit of the Cuban people.
body to come to defend us. youth, In their hope of extending the length 'He promised to turn Cuba into a land
of time for this abominable system. of milk and honey. But the fact is, you
In this situation, an invasion of Cuba, That the rule of the Law has been wiped can hardly get milk in Cuba today. The
with all the preparations such a maneu- out in Cuba. and it has been replaced by rationing of food has resultd in The
ver would necessitate, would almost cer- the evil will of this were of traitors, who
tainly force the Soviet Union to give mas- are acting under orders from their masters, a rage di recom coatis below the daily calor-
sive support to the Castro regime to avoid the Sino-Soviet Imperialists. ic Inte as um by
being denounced before the world by In view of the aforegoing, we declare: the World Health Organization.
First: That the actual Cuban regime is The people of Cuba are actually hun-
Peking for deserting a dependent satel- guilty of high treason to our Fatherland and gry And there is little in sight to indi-
lite. This would only breath new life Into to the ideals of the Freedom Revolution Batt the situation will better itself in
Castro's floundering regime. which was started on October 10th, 1868.
But if outright Invasion of Cuba Is, Second: That this score of traitors who the near future. People between the ages
at least for now, not a recommendable have committed treason against our Father- of f, and 65 cannot get milk and the ra-
policy, neither do I believe we should let land, in case they survive the downfall of tion for children under 5 has recently
up our pressures on the Castro regime. their regime, will have to respond, even with been cut in half. Bread, meat, and eggs
their lives before the Ordinary Courts of are almost impossible to get.
Occasionally there is some talk about Justice of Cuba.
recognizing the regime as a fait accompli, Third: That as the Noble Cuban People The rate of stillborn births, mental
and normalizing our relations with the will not ever surrender because that Na- illness, and malnutrition are r:sing.
island. In my view, there should be no t.ion was not born to be slave, we, the Cuban And the people of Cuba are in a state
resumption of relations with Cuba as People, hereby make the present declaration of unrest because of this. There have been
long as Castro is In power. of freedom. inc.dents of sabotage among the workers
Castro has been in power for 9 Years, the hereby swear before God Almighty to and there have been reports that even
a long and tragic nightmare for the suf- tight constantly, until death comes to us,
fering people of Cuba, But, as the his- to free Cuba from communism, the students have protested.
The fundamentals of this Revolution for The sugar and cattle that have been
tory of the Cuban revolution for inde- Freedom are: prcduced have been marked for export as
pendence demonstrates, the Cuban peo- First: God Almighty, above all things, in Castro Is mare concerned about; his image
ple will not endure tyranny for very long. Whom we believe as the essence of Life. among the Communist nations of the
Castro, thrashing around now for some Second: The Fatherland, with all of its world than the welfare of his own people.
way to extricate Cuba from the economic Laws, traditions, customs, and history as a has become the wpuppet
morass he created, stripped of all his spiritual value, only surpased by the con- Cuba
of the Soviet bUnion ecome with welfare a hope of
pretensions to revolutionary leadership, cept of God.
quarreling with his Soviet mentors, and Third: The Family, as the cornerstone of breaking the economic stringswhich con-
forced constantly to take more oppres- the Human Society, trol her every move.
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May ~0, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
Castro will eventually go. We do not
know when or how. But in the mean-
time the people of Cuba are the ones
paying the price for Castro's personal
ambition of joining the leaders of the
Communist world on equal footing.
But he has failed here, too. He has
taken a once prosperous nation, turned
its economy upside down, and converted
it into the beggar nation of the Com-
munist world.
I can only say that I join the free
Cubans-those who are not in Cuba-
in praying that the people of Cuba will
one day be able to celebrate a true In-
dependence Day. When that day comes,
it will be because the people of Cuba are
no longer under the reign of commu-
nism.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
may have 5 legislative days in which to
extend their remarks in the RECORD on
the subject on which I have spoken.
The SPEAKER. Without objection, it
is so ordered. .
There was no objection.
(Mr. HICKS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. HICKS. Mr. Speaker, on Thurs-
day, May 16, by an overwhelming voice
vote, the House of Representatives passed
the central Arizona project bill. In my
view it was approved with less than ade-
quate consideration of the consequences
of enacting a vast construction project
at this time. In addition, the measure so
casually passed by the House contains
open-ended provisions for future expend-
itures that could cost billions.
Anytime a major, costly project such
as the CAP, which is authorized specifi-
cally at $1.3 billion, plus the indeter-
minate future provisions I mentioned, is
being considered it seems to me a rollcall
vote is in order. But when we are faced
with the sort of economic crisis that we
all know exists, and know must be dealt
with vigorously, to refuse a rollcall vote
is, in my view, irresponsible.
It should be pointed out that the
economy bloc, the Members who invari-
ably press for spending cuts and who are
tireless in their opposition to the many
programs designed to improve the qual-
ity of our life-this fearless band-was
silent when the efforts were made to re-
cord each Mem'ber's vote through a roll-
call.
Silent, too, were the liberals who have
vowed opposition to a tax increase, tied
to a large spending cut such as the one
agreed to by the tax conference commit-
tee. Their reasoning is that most of the
spending cuts will be taken from the very
programs I mentioned before, the pro-
grams we need to save our cities and to
make good our pledge to secure a society
of equal opportunity for all. It is prob-
ably true that the spending cuts will
mostly affect those endeavors, but I
would hope that the spending cut burden
can be equitably distributed among all
areas of Government spending. But any-
one who thinks seriously about our cur-
rent economic situation concedes the ne-
cessity for both a tax increase and spend-
ing reductions. What in heaven's name
are we doing then, approving without
even a record vote a new project that will
cost more than a billion for sure, prob-
ably much more, while refusing to face
the crying need of the economy for sta-
bility. To riake this costly commitment
so easily is irresponsible, and I am dis-
mayed by the willingness of this body to
yield to the temptation to add a cost that
is surely deferrable to our overstrained
budget while resisting every effort by a
small group to require that each Mem-
ber stand and be counted. If we believe
in economy, let us show it. If we are for
economy for some and not for others,
then let us be clear on that too. The
Poor People's Campaign will have a new
and justified grievance if we can so easily
authorize a billion three hundred million
for the central Arizona project, and with
the other hand cut back on the programs
they seek to expand.
Mr. Speaker, had I been permitted to
vote on H.R. 3300, I would have voted
"No."
SUGGESTIONS FOR RESPON-
SIBILITY
(Mr. JONES of Missouri asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute, to revise and extend his
remarks, and to include a statement by
the Missouri Public Expenditure Survey.)
Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker,
the Missouri Public Expenditure Survey,
is an organization of responsible citizens,
representing the business, professional
and civic leadership throughout the State
of Missouri, with its headquarters in
Jefferson City.
My knowledge of the effective services
rendered by this organization dates back
some 30-odd years, when I was serving in
the Missouri Legislature, and more par-
ticularly during the time when I was
chairman of the appropriations commit-
tee of the Missouri Senate. At that time
professional staffs of committees, trained
and equipped to do the job of making in-
depth studies to justify or deny requests
of agencies of government, were prac-
tically unknown in our State. The Mis-
souri Public Expenditures Survey, even
with a very small staff, which started
with merely a staff director and a secre-
tary or two, was able to furnish members
of the Appropriations Committees in both
the House and Senate with reliable in-
formation concerning the justification
for requests of boards, bureaus, and de-
partments. They served a very vital need
during that period and while I have not
been as closely associated with, or as
well acquainted with the operations of
the organization as I was a few years
ago, I was glad to receive in the mail to-
day, a copy of a statement, unanimously
adopted by the board of trustees of the
Missouri Public Expenditures Survey,
setting forth its position on the fiscal re-
sponsibility of the Federal Government,
which appears to be deteriorating, and
pointing up the need for Federal legisla-
H 3991
tion to evaluate Federal expenditure
programs.
Believing that there are still Members
of Congress who concur with the views
of the MPES, and hoping that other
Members may be interested in the views
of what I consider to be experts in this
field of fiscal responsibility, I am includ-
ing, herewith a copy of the statement
unanimously adopted by their board of
trustees on May 15, 1968:
STATEMENT ADOPTED BY BOARD OF TRUSTEES
MISSOURI PUBLIC EXPENDITURE SURVEY,
MAY 15, 1968
The Board of Trustees of Missouri Public
Expenditures Survey is seriously concerned
over the state of Federal finances.
Another large federal budget deficit can
be expected this fiscal year. Such deficits in
the past have been contributing to inflation
and to an unstable economic outlook. We
note a worsening balance-of-payments sit-
uation. Attacks on the dollar continue.
Expenditures for domestic-civilian pro-
grams, totally unrelated to international and
security requirements, have risen at a rate
actually exceeding that of defense spend-
ing. The question as to whether or not the
federal government has the self-discipline to
place its fiscal house in-order has been fre-
quently raised. Expenditure reduction is gen-
erally regarded by economists as a more effec-
tive inflation control measure, dollar for
dollar, than higher taxes.
While we favor the proposed federal tax
increase, it will not constitute an adequate
response to the acute federal fiscal problem
unless it is accompanied by a substantial
expenditure reduction.
We, therefore, support efforts being made
in expenditures proposed for the fiscal year
that starts July 1 and in those presently au-
thorized for succeeding fiscal years.
Also, for the long run control of federal ex-
penditures proposed for the fiscal year that
starts July 1 and in those presently author-
ized for succeeding fiscal years.
Also, for the long run control of federal
expenditures, we urge that Congress enact
pending legislation to evaluate federal ex-
penditure programs for the purpose of deter-
mining their effectiveness in terms of their
present and projected costs, whether they
should be continued and, if so, at what
level, and the relative priority which should
be assigned to programs 'In the allocation of
federal funds with the intention that pro-
grams of lower priority be eliminated in the
amount (or to the degree) necessary in order
to bring non-defense spending in line with
income.
IRON AND STEEL ORDERLY
TRADE ACT
(Mr. HARSHA asked and was -given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, it is most
urgent that this Congress enact an Iron
and Steel Orderly Trade Act which I am
cosponsoring along with many other
Members of this House. Unless this Con-
gress expeditiously passes this measure
the iron and steel industry will soon be
confronted with a situation that they are
unable to control. If this Congress is in-
terested in the welfare of one of the basic
industries in this Nation and the result-
ing jobs and economic benefits created
thereby it must with dispatch meet this
problem head on.
The sharp increase in imported steel
for this first 3 months of 1968 exceeds
last year's imports for the comparable
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE Ala / 20, 1'968
power, but on the respect they have
earned throughout the world for their
intellectual, political, and moral integ-
rity. Such a nation and such a leader are
Tunisia and its great President, Habib
Bourguiba, who is currently visiting
Canada and the United States.
His views and the views of his Govern-
ment were, I think, accurately described
in an editorial which appeared in the
Tunisian newspaper, L'Actlon, on the eve
of President Bourguiba's visit to this
hemisphere. In order that we might
better understand our distinguished visi-
tor. I insert a translation of this editorial
in the REcoan:
TRANSLATION OF EDITORIAL FROM L'AcrION.
MAY 7, 1968
period by 41 percent. This alarming In-
crease is seriously affecting employment
opportunities In the steel industry in
Ohio and is threatening the economy of
the Midwest even more seriously than
other parts of the Nation. '
Foreign steel is making such inroads on
domestic production because foreign
governments accord certain concessions
and subsidies to their industries for ex-
ports. As an example, Mr. Speaker, Japan
is establishing an export quota for its
steel producers and those who do not
fulfiill their quota are denied the coking
coal they need for domestic production
or are penalized by $28 per ton for every
ton not exported. Another example is the
great variance in trade barriers. It costs
$33.73 in duties, levies, and taxes to ship
a ton of auto body sheet from the United
States to West Germany. That same
product coming from West Germany to
the United States pays only a U.S. duty
of $10.59.
Furthermore, the U.S. steel Industry
cannot compete with foreign wage rates.
In 1966, the hourly cost of employment in
the U.S. steel industry was over twice as
high as the Common Market countries
average and over four times that of
Japan.
Although the U.S. steel industry spent
over $2 billion last year to modernize and
improve its technology and is spending
another $2 billion this year and next,
steel technology is international and for-
eign steel producers have the same tech-
nology and equipment.
The Iron and Steel Orderly Trade Act
would not shut out imports but would
provide a fair share of the market for
imports-about 10 percent of consump-
tion-permitting imports to remain at
virtually their present percentage level.
In addition, the legislation provides for
a study of its effect on our national secu-
rity, employment opportunities, and on
our international balance of payments,
and the Secretary of Commerce may then
recommend that the legislation be re-
pealed, modified, or continued in its
present form.
The situation is serious and unless the
Congress deals with this problem Im-
mediately, hundreds of thousands of job
opportunities will be affected in the steel
industry alone. Furthermore, each ton of
finished steel requires 5 tons of raw mate-
rials from the ore and coal mines, lime-
stone quarries; refractory, chemical, and
service supplies thus affecting many
additional job opportunities.
TRIBUTE TO, TUNISIA AND ITS
GREAT PRESIDENT, HABIB BOUR-
GUIBA
(Mr. MIZE asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 minute
and to include an editorial.)
Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, In these
troubled times, it is understandable that
the United States must necessarily be
concerned with the realities of great
power. However, it Is also important. for
us to demonstrate to the world that we
sincerely value the warm and friendly
ties which bind us to nations and na-
tional leaders whose influence Is not
based on material wealth and military
-Last year at this time President Bourguiba
was supposed to make an official visit to the
United States and Canada. This visit had to
be postponed for reasons of health which
each of us would rather forget. Today, Presi-
dent Bourgulba Is ready to honor his commit-
ments and his voyage Is about to take place
under happier circumstances.
To be sure, at Ottawa, a new government
has just been Installed and, In Washington,
President Johnson has decided not to run
again and will leave the White House during
the first davs of next year. But the friendship
that ties Tunisia to these two countries is too
deep. relations between them are too close.
and the confidence which characterizes her
understanding with the two capitals is too
solid to be affected by such a change of lead-
ers. The recent Increase of assistance fur-
nished by Canada to Tunisia, the ceaseless
United States support to the Tunisian people
during their struggle for Independence, and
the continuing aid to an Independent Tuni-
sia. speaks sufficiently for the permanence of
this friendship, now becoming traditional.
The development of Tunisia will no doubt
be at the center of conversations between the
Chief of State and the Canadian and Ameri-
can leaders. This topic will be that much
easier to talk about because, In Tunisia, the
record of development Is a subject of pride.
Foreign assistance is put to good use and an
entire people are hard at work, having de-
cided to pull themselves out of underdevel-
opment at any cost. It is known across the
Atlantic that Tunisia considers foreign as-
sistance to be only a small part of Its na-
tional effort, although It Is greatly appreci-
ated. Here, we count first on ourselves and
then on our friends.
On the other hand, our constant concern
Is to promote, with the assistance of all our
friends, the harmonious development of our
country. There Is no need for our leaders to
go abroad appealing for arms or the strength-
ening of our armed forces. The only arms for
which we are appealing are those that can
aid us In combating underdevelopment, mis-
ery. and ignorance.
The conversations with Ottawa and Wash-
ington will take place while the negotiations
at Paris. the harbinger of peace In Vietnam,
are being prepared or underway. The coura-
I 1 ltl tive taken b
u a
n n y
t
to make an effort to convince those with
whom he has discussions of the justness of
the cause of the Palestinian people.
It in thus a mission of good will that the
Chief of StatE proposes to accomplish: to
bring peoples together, to make the efforts
and the image of Tunisia better unterstood,
to defend the cause of justice and cf peace.
Whatever be the nhisund.rstand ngs and
difficulties. President Bourguiba will have the
occasion to prove once again that his fidelity
to the friends of Tunisia is only equalled by
his attachment to moral values."
COOPERATIVE EFFORT IN :DOWER
SUPPLY FOR IOWA
tMr. MAYt4E asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his r6-
marks.)
Mr. MAYNE. Mr. Speaker, this being
my first team in this body, I was not an
observer of cr participant in the some-
times heated debates that. have occurred
in past years discussinf the relative
merits of investor-owned utilities as op-
posed to cooperative or public ownership
of energy p:oduction and distribution
facilities.
However, anyone conversant with na-
tional economic issues knows that the
advocates of these two different philos-
ophies too often were engaged 'n a bit-
ter struggle working at cross purposes
whica distracted each from the primary
objective of tetter and cheaper service to
the public. )n recent years, there has
been an increasing realization on both
sides that much more can be accom-
plished by joining hands in a common ef-
fort. This new spirit of friendly coopera-
tion has ncwhere been more in evi-
dence than in my own State of Iowa.
And today I am happy to report to my
colleagues here in the House the forma-
tion of a new amicable working partner-
ship between one of Iowa's largest
private utilities and twc of the largest
power co-op:; in the State, one of which,
the Corn Belt Power Cocperative,
with headquarters in Humboldt, hap-
pens to be in the congressional district
which I hale the honor to represent.
Together they serve over- 265,000 custo-
mers in the same or contiguous areas
in 70 Iowa counties. On Friday. May 10,
officials of the Iowa Electric Light &
Power Co., Central Iowa Power Cooper-
ative, and Corn Belt Power Cooperative,
com;)leted signing of a statement of in-
tent where'sy the two cooperatively
owned groups will become joint partici-
pants with Iowa Electric in the Duane
Arnold Energy Center, nuclear power-
plant to be built near Palo, Iowa. It will
be the first time In the history of the
genus an spec
ac
r
President Johnson on March Si will not fail Nation's electric power indu:aly that
to be emphasized. investor-owned utilities and coopera-
This initiative reiterated the position so tively owned power suppliers will share
often proclaimed by President Bourguiba who ownership of a nuclear plant.
has always spoken for a negotiated solution Duane Arnold, preside it of Iowa Elec-
to the crisis. tract, who joined CIPCO's W.:3. Adams
Another crisis has continued for a year, or and Corn Belt's Richard Buckner in the
rather for 20 years. as a menace to peace in
the world. The struggle undertaken by the signing ceremonies, stated:
Palestinian people after the failure of Arab This is arother progressive step toward
states to reconquer their country puts the making modarn, abundant, and lower-cost
problem In Its real perspective, that of a war electric power available to as many Iowans
of liberation. No action. no man, as long as as possible, fince It will broaden the shar-
he believes In moral values, can remain un- Ing of the economies of the new 55o-mega-
moved at this aspect of the conflict and watt nuclear plant. From the time of their
Prc.,ldent Bourguiba certainly will not fail original concept, cooperative power groups
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