A 'MAD MOMENTUM' MAY BE UNDER WAY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300110051-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2006
• Sequence Number: 51
• Publication Date: December 3, 1967
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300110051-7
The Atomic Arms Race Ni?u yauc 'rt*ws
VM4Azn-a
A `Mad Momentum'
May Be Under Way
B OTH the United States and the
Soviet Union have said repeat-
edly that they share common
aims in avoiding an atomic arms race,
preventing nuclear war and reducing
the amount of their national resources
now devoted to military uses. But
no formal agreement to that end
exists or is in prospect, and mean-
while the actions of the two super-
powers are inconsistent with their
aims. The present trends in the
United States and Russia toward more
and better nuclear armaments would
not only jeopardize the accomplish-
ment of the nonproliferation treaty
ROSWELL L. GILPATRIC served
three years as Deputy Secretary of
Defense. He is now practicing law in
New York.
which they are jointly advocating but
could well signify a turn for the
worse in their own strategic rela-
tionship. Let us examine both sides
of this two-sided looking glass.
THE United States is now ahead
of the Soviet Union by a ratio of
3 or 4 to 1 in numbers of nuclear
warheads, sometimes called target
kill capability. In terms of megaton-
nage, however, the Soviet Union's
nuclear arsenal may already be on
a par with or possibly ahead of the
United States'.
In keeping with its strategic objec-
tive of maintaining a second-strike
capability through the assured de-
struction of Soviet missile sites, the
United States is proceeding with a
15
number of qualitative advances in its
strategic weapons. It is equipping
our Minuteman III's, the most ad-
vanced of that family of ICBM's, with
devices that will enable them to pene-
trate Soviet missile defenses. It is
pushing the development of Poseidon
submarine-launched ICBM's which
will surpass Polaris missiles in range,
destructive power and targeting accu-
racy. Also in the works is a new
concept of multiple warheads for
American missiles-called Multiple In-
dependent Re-entry Vehicles (MIRV's)
-that will multiply the effectiveness
of our present ICBM's without adding
to the number of launchers. The
MIRV missile will be designed to
carry from 5 to 10 warheads that can
be separated in flight to strike inde-
pendently at a corresponding number
of widely dispersed, preselected tar-
gets.
In view of this development and
because American strategy does not
depend on retaining our existing over-
whelming quantitative superiority,
our Government is not at the mo-
ment contemplating any major addi-
tions to the size of its missile force.
In the early research and develop-
ment stage, however, there is explora-
tory work going forward on a new
long-range missile (Strat X), the na-
ture of which is highly classified but
which presumably would be more
effective and less vulnerable to coun-
terattack than existing ICBM's. Simi-
lar effort continues on the propulsion
system and avionics for a more ad-
vanced long-range bomber in the
event it is later decided that still
another generation of manned stra-
tegic-weapon delivery systems is
needed.
OR its part, the Soviet Union is
stressing a major quantitative im-
provement in its strategic offensive
forces. It is adding more hardened
land-based and submarine-launched
ICBM's in an attempt to reduce the
present disparity between its missile
forces and those of the United States.
It is still emphasizing large warheads
-that is, megatonnage rather than
precision targeting-in its missiles,
and it continues to stress advanced
missile development, as shown by the
new missiles exhibited at the 50th-
anniversary military parade in Mos-
cow on Nov. 7.
Rather than seeking to match
United States capability in long-range
manned bombers, the Soviets are
apparently initiating a system of de-
livering nuclear warheads from orbit.
The delivery vehicle for such a
weapon would be fired in a low orbit,
about 100 miles above the earth, from
which its bomb would be released
against unprotected targets, such as
American bomber bases, with a flight
time considerably less than that of
an ICBM. This system, which our
Defense Department calls a Frac-
(Continued on Page 162)
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 RADIO station WEVD in New
York City is looking for a
Chinese disk jockey. Applicants
should be acquainted with such per-
sonalities as Poon Sow Keng (the
hottest rock 'n' roll singer today in
Hong Kong), be able to report the
time, news and temperature in easy-
going Cantonese, and quote Con-
fucius in the original. The resulting
program may be of limited appeal-
beneath the notice, one might guess,
of a mass-media adman worth his
double martini-and yet, it is chiefly
this sort of specialization, or "frac-
tionalization of the market," as they
say in the trade, that accounts for
the remarkable sonic boom reverber-
ating from radio these days.
Right now, for example, there are
more radios in the United States than
people-262,700,000 at the last count.
Forty-seven million sets were sold
last year alone. Such profusion can-
not be attributed merely to teen-agers
buying transistor radios with which
to annoy their parents-although that
is a not inconsiderable factor. But
parents are buying radios like hot
cakes, too. They get them nowadays
built into their tractors, hairdryers,
Scotch bottles and even sunglasses.
And the knobs on all these instru-
ments are being clicked and twirled
with astonishing frequency.
In fact-and this may be enough
to make even Marshall McLuhan
gulp with wonder-a recent Trendex
survey conducted for the National
Broadcasting Company found that
more Americans now listen to radio
in the course of an average week
than watch TV. The audience for
individual radio programs, of course,
cannot compare with that of the
most popular TV shows, but on a
cumulative basis the figures indicate
that 90.5 per cent of the adult popu-
lation tunes in a radio sometime
during the week as compared with
87 per cent who flick on television.
That finding, the Trendex survey
supervisor reported, "puts radio
right back in the league with the
other major media in terms of total
audience dimensions."
THE robustness of radio is also
illustrated by the fact that the giant
advertisers, most notably such bell-
wethers as the soap and automotive
WILLIAM H. HONAN is a newspaper
and magazine editor turned freelance.
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The New Sound of Radio
All-News, All-Music, All-Ghetto
Radio Is a Success
ETHNIC BROADCASTING-Otherwise, and commonly, known as "ghetto radio," it is an increasingly important
specialization. Here, Ed Samuels interviews a man in Harlem for WLIB, one of New York's three Negro stations.
companies which shifted from radio
to TV in the early nineteen-fifties,
have once again become substantial
radio time buyers. Colgate-Palmolive,
for example, which was not even
listed among the top 100 radio spot
advertisers as recently as 1964 was
23d on the list last year. Ford, Gen-
eral Motors and Chrysler were first,
second and third, respectively, with
a total expenditure last year of $56-
million-up 17 per cent over the
previous year and up 56 per cent
over that of the year before.
The explanation for this renais-
sance of a medium which many con-
demned to a lingering death as re-
cently as 10 years ago lies, to a
great degree, with that sought-after
Chinese disk jockey. For, once radio
broadcasters began to face up to the
fact that television had permanently
taken their place as dispenser of
general enterthinment for the masses,
they began experimenting with new
formats and discovered that, collec-
tively, they could recapture their old
audience piecemeal by directing
strong appeals to specific fractions
of the population.
This discovery led to the develop-
ment of all manner of limited-appeal
programs, and the advancing trend
is now doing away with even these
one-hour or half-hour shows, since
the stations themselves are begin-
ning to take on the characteristics
of a single, 24-hour program, nar-
rowly addressed to a distinct slice
of the population. Such broadcast
parochialism is now revolutionizing
the industry, with several stations
almost every month dropping their
old-style eclectic programing in pref-
erence for the new "continuous for-
mat."
Competition in a city like New
York, where no fewer than 63 dif-
ferent AM and FM stations vie for
attention, has naturally pushed spe-
cialization to an extreme, and some
of the more popular formats appear
to have been divided, subdivided
and virtually pulled apart with
tweezers in order that each station
may find a niche (and presumably
a distinct audience) it can call its
own.
For example, WMCA, WABC,
WJRZ and WOR-FM are all what the
casual listener might consider stand-
ard rock 'n' roll stations, but connois-
seurs are aware that WMCA tries to
add a local home-town flavor by using
such disk jockeys as Joe O'Brien,
who has a Yonkers accent; WABC
seeks to impart an all-American tone
to the proceedings with disk jockeys
like Herb Oscar Anderson, who is
from Minnesota and full of corn and
good cheer; WJRZ restricts itself
exclusively to that close relative of
rock 'n' roll known as country-West-
ern music, and WOR-FM lays stress
on the subdivision known as folk
rock, which may include such con-
troversial ballads (which the other
(Continued on Page 58)
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 Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300110051-
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Atomic Arms Race (Cont.)
(From Page 55)
tional Orbital Bombardment System
(FOBS), would thus materially reduce
the 15-minute warning time that now
enables American bombers to become
airborne prior to the impact of any
Soviet missile attack on the United
States.
THERE are also significant differ-
ences in the approaches being fol-
lowed by the two countries with
respect to their strategic defenses.
The United States has decided to go
ahead with a limited or "thin" deploy-
ment of antiballistic missiles (ABM's)
consisting of from 10 to 15 sets of
missile batteries and radar installa-
tions so located throughout the coun-
HARD PAD-A technician checks the readiness
of electronic equipment in the underground
launching silo of a Minuteman missile in Montana.
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 try as 1