SOVIETS BEND SPACE TREATY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300110035-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2006
• Sequence Number: 35
• Publication Date: November 7, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2006/01/30: CIA-RDP70BOo 338~R000300110035-5
November 7, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDX A 5465
the RECORD:
FORTY YEARS AGO : PAN AM TOOK TO THE AIR
WITH MAIL TO CUBA
After 40 years, Pan American World Air-
ways is explaining, with an apologetic grin,
why the inaugural flight which took the
American flag into international skies was
delayed 25 minutes.
A train was late.
Pam Am began international flights 40
years ago yesterday and the "big" tri-motor
Fokker F-7 waited at Key West, Fla., 25 min-
utes past scheduled departure time because
the train carrying Capt. Hugh Wells from
New York was also delayed.
The inaugural flight to Havana took an
hour and 20 mintues, leaving the Key West
Citizen newspaper only silghtly impressed:
"There was a crowd of several hundred on
hand this morning to witness the plane's first
mail flight," the Citizen reported. "This was
a surprise to many who were inclined to feel
that 7:45 was too early for most folk to be
astir even for an unusual event."
Statisticians have pounced on the 40th an-
niversary for a figurative field day:
In the 40 years, Pan Am has flown more
than 70 million passengers-about equal to
the populations of France, Belgium, the
Netherlands, Luxemburg and Denmark.
Since the first eight-passenger Fokkers
through the oceanspanning flying boats to
today's 575-mile-an-hour jets, Pan Am
clippers have- flown more than two billion
miles.-Yarbrough.
Captive Nations
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN E. HUNT
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, November 7, 1967
Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, today, in the
midst of a troubled world, when the ideals
and institutions of the free peoples in
every corner of the globe stand out in
shining contrast to the autocratically
controlled domains of the Communist
empire, it is well to pause for a moment
in reaffirmation of our conviction that
man's basic freedom lies in his right to
self-determination.
At a time when communism exerts the
dominant influence over three-fourths of
the land area of the world, inhabited by
more than 1 billion people in some 15
countries, it is a solemn reminder that in
the first 50 years following the Bolshevik
revolution, the survival of freedom has
come only at great cost and sacrifice to
those who believe in it.
This particular day, in addition to be-
ing the 50th anniversary of the Bolshe-
vik revolution, has an ironic significance.
Mr. Daniel Marchishin, writing on be-
half of the Captive Nations Committee
of New Jersey, observes: -
RESOLUTION, CAPTIVE NATIONS' COMMITTEE OF
NEW JERSEY
We, the delegates of Czech, Bulgarian, Bye-
lonxs', Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian; Lith-
uanian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak-
Ian and Ukrainian organizations representing -
our peoples who are citizens of the United
States of America and who at the same time
preserve cultural and spiritual ties with the
peoples of our original homelands, do sol-
emnly declare:
1. The forthcoming 50th Anniversary of
the Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution fills
our hearts with anquish for it represents the
beginning of the Imperialist movement which
has culminated in the military conquest
of our original homelands and in the serfdom
of our peoples.
2. Our peoples held under the alien Com-
munist yoke have been deprived of all free-
dom. On the soil of their own homelands our
peoples cannot benefit from their own nat-
ural and human resources. The wealth of'the
land and people has been confiscated by the
Communist rulers to perpetuate their posi-
tions of power and by brutal suppression and
to extend the boundaries of Communist Ira-
perialism by international subversion.
3. The unrelenting resistance by our peo-
ples to Communist oppression in our orig-
inal homelands is a continuing source of
inspiration to us in our new homeland. In
recent years we witnessed repeated attempts
to regain greater freedom in the develop-
ment of their national identity and culture.
Particularly persistant efforts were made to
restore the cultural achievements of their
nations and to impress the youth with the
feeling of nation pride. The entry into the
cultural life during the recent years of hosts
of nationally-minded, patriotic men and
women clearly reflects a powerful reservoir
of resistance to Communist oppression.
4. The Communist tyrants have reacted in
typically brutal fashion to crush the persist-
ant aspirations of our peoples to regain the
benefits of national liberation and cultural
freedom. They have recently suppressed sev-
eral leading literary persons by imprison-
ment, bullying, humiliation or by depriving
them of their rights of citizenship. They have
produced an increasing number of pseudo-
historical works degrading our national
movements, distorting our political and cul-
tural leaders and deriding the activities of
our immigrants in their adopted homelands.
They continue to deny all religious freedom
in our original homelands and have increas-
ingly interferred with the affairs of our
emigrant churches. The increasing sharp-
ness of these attacks serves as a measure of
the Communist rulers' apprehension regard-
ing the tenacious yearning of our peoples for
freedom.
5. For the above stated reasons, we firmly
resolve to persist in our efforts to alert the
government and people of our new homeland
to the continuing fight of our peoples re-
maining in their original homelands, and
to increase cooperation in our efforts in a
brotherly manner. We further pledge to
maintain and strengthen moral and material
ties with our peoples subjugated within the
Communist Colonial Empire.
6. We fervantly hope that the government
of the United States of America, chosen by
us and our fellow citizens, will fulfill our
aspirations which are embodied in the Con-
stitution and the Declaration of Independ-
ence by giving its moral support for the lib-
eration of our enslaved peoples from Com-
munist regimes' attempts to conceal its true
sponds with election day here in the United totalitarian nature behind a facade of
States. We will be exercising a basic right pseudo-democracy.
which is denied the peoples of the captive 7. We solemnly implore the government of
nations. - the United States of America to refrain from
sending congratulations to the Soviet Em-
I commend to your thoughtful consid- pire on the 50th Anniversary of the Bolshe-
eration the committee's resolution which vik (Communist) Revolution, but to join us
follows: in mournful silence remembering the mil-
.lions of our peoples who have perished from
Communist brutality. We also implore our
government to, refuse to send official repre-
sentatives to any official observances spon-
sored-by theSoviet Empire, its colonies or
protectorates for we deplore the thought
that our representatives will be greeting
Communist brutes whose hands are smeared
with the blood of our peoples.
On behalf of the Captive Nations' Com-
DANIEL MARCHISHIN,
Chairman.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS J. MESKILL
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, November 7, 1967
Mr. MESKILL. Mr. Speaker, today, the
attention of the world is'turned on the
regimented display of festivity com-
memorating the 50th anniversary of the
Bolshevik revolution, and a half century
of Communist rule in Russia. However, 1
prefer to remember, and want to remind
my colleagues, that November 7 is the
anniversary of a far happier and more
meaningful event-the birth of that
great scientist and great woman, Madam
Maria Sklodowska Curie, 100 years ago
today.
In tribute to her memory, I ask per-
mission to reprint a letter from Mr.
Theodore A. Kowaleski, of Middletown,
Conn., to the editor of the newspaper,
Sokol Polski, which contains a moving
account of her life and her outstanding
contributions to her fellow men.
EDITOR,
Middletown Press:
Within a number of weeks the commema-
ration of the birth of a baby girl who later
in life became the greatest woman scientist
of all ages will be celebrated throughout the
world by her fellow scientists of this present
day.
Marie Sklodowska was born Nov. 7, 1867,
in Warsaw, Poland, the youngest of five chil-
dren in a highly intellectual family. Both
parents were professors; and her father
taught physics.
Volumes of her achievements have been
written. And many honors were- bestowed
upon her. Marie- was the recipient of two
Nobel Prizes: one in 1903 in physics and one
in 1911 In chemistry. The latter subject she
taught and became a co-discoverer of the
substance known as radium.
During her teenage the Russian occupied
Poland. Under the occupation of the Russian
forces life for the Polish peasants became
unbearable. Marie risked prison by teaching
them the language of their forefathers and
the history of their beloved country, despite
the fact that educating the Polish people
was forbidden.
At the age of 18 she was a governess and a
tutor for a rich family. Her earnings were
used to help an older sister to obtain a medi-
cal degree. While employed by the wealthy
family she became engaged to the young man
of the- House. The engagement was broken
after his parents persuaded him that a
wealthy boy of a wealthy family does not
marry.a governess. This, of course, was below
the dignity of a high toned family.
Marie became down hearted and renounced
all men. She then devoted all her energies
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 'A 5466
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX November 7, 1967
to scientific studies which became her great
love.
She moved from Warsaw to Cracow and
then on to Pari$ where she was a student
existing on 60 cents a day. Her diet was one
of nearly starvation with a working sched-
ule of 14 hours daily.
From sheer exhaustion and starvation due
to her terrific drive she finally collapsed.
After being nursed back to health by her
physician sister, Marie resumed her studies.
She then earned D. mrstcr degree in physics.
Hoor ? !:r'ggle was '?c: somewhat after win-
Ling a Fc-.c3a,~hip which led to another
masters degree in mathematics. At this turn
of events in her hard life she met a French
Physicist, Pierre Curie.
Though in his middle thirties he was a
tall and handsome man with a beard. Marie
was impressed with Pierre at their first
meeting.
After a year of courtship she and Pierre
Curie were married in a simple civil cere-
mony.
When Madame Curie returned to Paris
from her honeymoon, she immediately began
to experiment with radioactive materials.
Her husband showed a profound interest in
her work and collaborated with her in all
projects in which she attempted to solve in
a scientific manner. They worked together
as inseparable partners until Pierre's death.
In July 1898, Pierre and Marie announced
the discovery of Polonium which she named
for the land of her birth. They believed that
still another new element remained to be
found. And several years later the Curies
joyfully announced the existence of radium.
Marie isolated a decigram of the pure
material.
Tragedy struck this devoted couple. Pierre
was fatally injured when the wheels of a
horse cart crushed his head while crossing
a street in the City of Paris.
To Madame Curie it seemed as though her
world had eneded after her husband's death.
But for the love of science this brave
woman accepted a chair at the Sorbonne
Faculty of Science, which was created for
her husband.
She continued on with radium research
under adverse conditions and was awarded a
seeond Nobel Price in chemistry.
Just before World War I her health began
to fail. Though the nature of her illness
was not made known, it no doubt was caused
by the effects of radiation. She made a re-
markable recovery.
When the dark war clouds finally ex-
ploded, Madame Curie did not remain idle.
She organized French corps of ambulances
equipped with X-ray facilities. And she
personally manned one ambulance unit.
After the war Marie returned to research;
she traveled widely throughout the world
and lectured at various universities. In 1921
she came to the United States where more
honors were bestowed upon her. At the White
House President Warren G. Harding received
her on behalf of the American people. At
Harvard University, President A. Laurence
paid tribute to her in his remarks by com-
paring her to Copernicus and Newton. Ac-
cording to reports the reception was a mem-
orable occasion. She was presented by Pro-
fessor Duance of Harvard Who had studied
with her in Paris.
Being shy and aloof she cancelled half of
her American tour and sailed back to her
laboratory in France.
Now in her middle sixties her health
failed again her eyesight became poor; her
hands were repeatedly affieted with radia-
tion burns. Marie Sklodowska died on July 4,
1934. She was burled next to her Pierre in
g
on
ay
Madame Curie left two daughters, Irene should explore Administration thinking on
and Eve, who were very devoted to their this point, as well as on the military threat
mother. Both girls were almost always side posed by the so-called "Fractional Orbital
by side, with her whenever she traveled. Eve Bombardment System," or FOBS.
became a noted lecturer and writer and Unlike conventional inter-continental mis-
wrote a biography of her mother's life Which sales, which follow an up-and-down ballistic
trajectory reaching "a peak altitude of 800
miles, the orbital missile is fired like a satel-
lite into a low orbit perhaps 100 miles high.
There is no way of determining what the
FOBS target is until retro-rockets are fired
to bring it down to earth, some three minutes
before impact.
Existence of the Soviet weapon has been
known for at least two years. The Russians
have paraded it through Red Square several
times, and Soviet military leaders boasted in
November, 1965, that it could deliver nu-
clear warheads "on the first or any other orbit
around the earth."
However, there was no evidence of exten-
sive tests until the past few months, Now,
McNamara says the Soviets could achieve an
operational capability with the new weapon
during 1968.
The United States at one time considered
an orbital missile of its own, but then de-
cided that it had serious disadvantages com-
pared with conventional ICBMs. Pentagon
experts believe, for example, that the FOBS
is less accurate than an ICBM, and is capable
of carrying only a small warhead.
McNamara has heard nothing to change
his mind.
"I am not concerned," he says.
In strictly military terms, McNamara's con-
fidence may be well founded-although this
is a proposition which neither Congress nor
the American people should accept un-
challenged.
There remains the strong possibility, how-
ever, that the Soviets may plan to use the
orbital missile as a psychological warfare
weapon-a sort of Sword of Damocles which
could be dangled over American (or
Chinese?) heads at a time of acute crisis.
Obviously, the Pentagon should not be
stampeded into developing an American
FOBS if it is not needed. But we should be
very sure that we do not underestimate the.
threat-military or psychological-which the
weapon poses in Soviet hands.
Meanwhile, the Soviet Union should be
condemned in the strongest terms for vio-
lating the spirit, if not the letter, of the space
treaty.
Hon. Richard H. Poff Honored for Dis-
tinguished Service as a Congressman
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM C. WAMPLER
OF VIRGINIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, November 7, 1967
Mr. WAMPLER. Mr. Speaker, on Sat-
urday, October 28, my very good friend
and colleague, Representative RICHARD
H. POFF, from the Sixth Congressional
District of Virginia, which adjoins my
district, was honored for "distinguished
service as a Congressman" and "for lead-
ership in attacking the problem of crime
in America," at the Roanoke College,
Salem, Va., honors convocation.
It is a pleasure for me to insert for the
RECORD an article from the Clifton Forge
Daily Review as a tribute to the Honor-
able RICHARD H. POFF:
POFF GIVEN COLLEGE ALUM HONOR
Roanoke College has honored alumnus
Richard H. Poff for "distinguished service
as a Congressman" and "for leadership in
attacking the problem of crime in America."
Poff, who has represented Virginia's Sixth
Congressional District in Washington since
1952, received the Roanoke College medal
at an Honors Convocation Saturday (Oct. 28)
on the college campus at Salem. The convo-
cation honored the 125th anniversary of the
founding of the college.
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expressed the hardship and joy of a scientist's
family.
One night a number of years ago, as a
lieutenant in the police department, this
writer had the honor and privilege to be
introduced to Eve Curie who came to this
city during,a speaking tour. I found her to
be a very delightful person. We spoke in
Polish, the language of my father, which
was also the language of her mother. I well
remember her words as we parted. She said
very softly and firmly: "Jeszcze Polska nie
zginelal" (meaning yet Poland is not lost).
Sincerely yours,
THEODORE A. KOWALESKI,
City, Treasurer,
Middletown, Conn.
Soviets Bend Space Treaty
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, November 7, 1967
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, the an-
nouncement that the Soviet Union is
testing an orbital bomb-the fractional
orbital bombardment system-represents
potentially a very serious threat to the
security of the United States.
What makes the matter even more
serious is Secretary of Defense McNa-
mara's efforts not only to downgrade the
military significance of the orbital bomb
but also his arbitrary assertions that the
Soviet orbital bomb does not violate the
Outer Space Treaty, designed to bar the
orbiting or stationing of weapons in
outer space which was ratified by both
the United States and. the U.S.S.R. less
than a month ago.
The Los Angeles Times commented on
this matter in an editorial which ap-
peared in the Times today, November 7.
The reservations expressed, and implied,
in the editorial over Secretary McNa-
mara's performance in connection with
the orbital bomb are in my view well
taken.
Under leave to extend my remarks I
submit the editorial for inclusion in the
RECORD, as follows:
SOVIETS BEND SPACE TREATY
Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara
may or may not be right in his conclusion
that the Soviet Union's orbital missile poses
no substantial new threat to American secu-
rity. That point needs some looking into.
But it is nothing short of incredible that
the Johnson Administration seems unwilling
to challenge Russian actions as a violation
of the U.N. treaty banning nuclear weapons
from outer space.
Certainly the American people are unlikely
to be satisfied with McNamara's explanation
of why Soviet development and testing of
the new weapons system does not violate the
treaty, which the Russians signed only last
January.
"They agreed not to place warheads in full
orbit," said the defense secretary. "This is
a fractional orbit and hence not a violation."
Sen. Henry Jackson's atomic energy sub-
committee, which opened hearin
s M
d