TIME FOR A CHANGE IN EAST-WEST TRADE POLICIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300070001-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 12, 2005
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 2, 1968
• Content Type: OPEN

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August 15, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks E 7W
boring churches, chiefly Baptist and Metho-
dist, with a few Episcopalian and others. The
Methodists still form the second greatest de-
nomination, with nearly a million members.
The faith of these two leading denomina-
tions was more suited to the slave church
from the prominence they gave to religious
feeling and fervor.
MAKING HEADWAY
"The Negro membership in other denomi-
nations has always been small and relatively
unimportant, although the Episcopalians and
Presbyterians are gaining among the more
intelligent classes today, and the Catholic
Church is making headway in certain sec-
tions. After Emancipation, and still earlier
in the North, the Negro churches largely sev-
ered such affiliations as they had had with
the white churches, either by choice or by
compulsion. The Baptist churches became in-
dependent, but the Methodists were com-
pelled early to unite for purposes of episcopal
government. This gave rise to the great Afri-
can Methodist Church, the greatest Negro or-
ganization in the world, to the Zion Church
and the Colored Methodist, and to the black
conferences and churches in this and other
denominations."
The world has changed considerably in the
65 years since the preceding words were writ-
ten. But they still serve as guidelines to un-
derstanding the Ebenezer church. Many pow-
erful songs and prayers, filled with the soul
strivings, sufferings and faiths of generations,
have echoed from this beamed ceiling in
South Baltimore.
INFORMED VERBALLY
However, the songs will probably be silent
there in a few years. Mr. Thompson estimates
that in four years the church will be de-
stroyed to make way for a new expressway.
He says he has received "nothing in black and
white," but he has been informed verbally by
the city "to be out by 1972."
The neighborhood around the church bears
the mark of a place scheduled for demolition.
The old, narrow row houses are deteriorating;
there is no evidence of new or big money.
"There is no future for residents in this
neighborhood," says Mr. Thompson. Indus-
tries and highways have already obliterated
large sections of the former residential areas.
Those who own their own homes do not want
to spend money on repairs or renovation,
since they know they will have to leave in a
few years. According to Mr. Thompson, most
of the residents who have already left the
area received $3,000 to $4,500 for their houses,
"just a good down payment on some of the
homes they had to buy."
There is an old spring below the church.
In the past the water had to be pumped out
to keep the small basement from flooding. A
few years ago it dried up. It is symbolic of
the area.
SILENT CHORUS
The Ebenezer church sits quietly on Mont-
gomery street. The thousands who have wor-
shipped there form a silent chorus behind the
poetic, deeply felt words of Mr. Du Bois who
wrote:
"Actively we have woven ourselves with the
very warp and woof of this nation-we fought
their battles, shared their sorrow, mingled
our blood with theirs, and generation after
generation have pleaded with a headstrong,
careless people to despise not Justice, Mercy
and Truth, lest the nation be smitten with a
curse. Our song, our toil, our cheer, and warn-
ing have been given to this nation in blood-
brotherhood. Are not these gifts worth the
giving? Is not this work and striving? Would
America have been America without her
Negro people?"
WINDS OF CHANGE PLAY IN
AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES
HON. BARRATT O'HARA
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, August 2, 1968
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
in recent years the number of programs
in African studies in American colleges
and universities has increased greatly
due to the financial support of the Fed-
eral Government, which is plowing in
something like $3 million a year. H.R.
17404, which I hope will receive favorable
action before the 90th Congress passes
into history, would create a commission
to consider the pros and cons of the
establishment of an African Institute
in cultural and technical interch cage be-
tween the scholars of Africa an
scholars of the United States.
What is not generally understood in
this country, and, in a measure is over-
looked by American scholars and the
programs of Afric' n studies in our col-
leges and universe es, is that existing
universities in Africk are in the colonial
mold and that there is a growing tide
of sentiment for uni rslties in Africa
strictly in an African old and geared
to meet the needs, the spirations, and
the plans of the new African independ-
ent nations.
As black Americans are orously de-
manding, and getting, tour s in Negro
history in American schools, o are the
Africans in the new indepe ent na-
tions of Africa demanding tl\at their
universities should be African riginals
instead of colonial copies.
Mr. Speaker, the following artict from
the July 26, 1968, issue of Time i rec-
ommended to the careful and thougitful
reading of all Americans who wish to
understand how the winds of change'are
playing in the universities of Africa:%,
IVORY TOWERS IN AFRICA
Students In flowing black gowns strike
continent, where the illiteracy rate is 70%j
and still rising.
black African colleges on the premise t t
natives ought to be fist Westernized, en
educated. Despite the that ical
leaders fulminate against the and neo-
colonialism, the universities' goal remains the
same. In Uganda (pop. 6,845,000), where per
capita income is $8 a year, students at Make-
rere University College attend Oxford-style
"Old Boy" dances, eat in formal dining halls,
and join in such rousing un-African activi-
ties as squash, cricket and rugby. Nowhere on
the campus is there evidence of Africa's rich
musical, artistic and folk heritage.
Curriculums are equally misdirected. In-
stead of offering nation-building courses in
economics and agriculture, Makerere em-
phasizes such traditional Western disciplines
as ethical philosophy and Greek. Although
Uganda has a dozen tribal dialects, and the
predominant tongue is Luganda, the only
modern language taught at Makerere is
English. "This place is a country club," says
one disillusioned Makerere professor. "It is
an anomaly in modern, independent Africa."
In a country with a crying need for tech-
nicians, Makerere is turning out more phi-
losophers than engineers. Educators of all
kinds are in short supply, but nearly half of
the Makerere graduates who have been
trained to be teachers refuse to enter the
classrooms, instead try to join the already
ample civil service. In a country where only
five in more than 1,000 youths attend col-
lege, quantity would seem to be as important
as duality, but Makerere maintains a luxuri-
ous 8-to-l student-faculty ratio. Uganda's
President Milton Obote, a Makerere graduate,
has accused the university of being "unin-
volved with the needs of our society."
The situation is worse in French-speaking
West Africa. In all nine countries (pop. 26
Co is University of Abidjan, together en-
roll' g fewer than 3,000 students. Though
Senegal's economy is almost completely
grounded on farming, there is no school of
agriculture at the brightly flowered, Dakar
campus. In the Congo (L6opoldville), the
University of Lovanium proudly displays one
of Africa's few nuclear reactors. As a result, it
has dozens of black students solving mys-
teries of nuclear physics, only a handful
learning engineering and medicine. Lova-
nium's classics-oriented curriculum is based
on that of its parent school, Louvain of Bel-
gium; thus first-year students, plug away at
medieval French, studying Le Chanson de
Roland.
Special Problems. At least one African uni-
versity is actively trying to escape from its
colonial heritage: Tanzania's modernistic
University College at Dar es Salaam, which
along with Uganda's Makerere and Kenya's
Nairobi forms the tripartite University of
East Africa. Scrapping history courses that
placed Britain at the hub of the universe.
Dar now requires entering students to take
a course titled "Introduction to African De-
velopment Problems." Courses in classical
political thought have given way to manage-
ment administration. Microbiology aims at
some special problems of African-food spoil-
age and water pollution.
The situation at the universities is particu-
larly odd, since Africa's political leaders keep
denouncing neocolonialism and demanding
Africanization. Inertia is a major barrier to
improvements. Most administrators and
teachers are products of colonial-era train-
ing, and share with many of their students a
conviction that any Africanization is a step
into the past. Among the few national leaders
who pushed for reform was Ghana's ex-
President Kwame Nkrumah, who established
an Institute of African Studies at the univer-
sity after severing all ties with the University
of London. In French-speaking black Africa,
where early missionaries had rigidly em-
phasized European thought, nationalist
leaders have been unable to recruit enough
Africa-minded teachers or enact reform for
fear of endangering the flow of supporting
funds from France, often specifically ear-
marked for Western-designed programs.
Nonetheless, Africans outside the system
see change as inevitable. One proposal is
that countries should temporarily forsake
universities, instead concentrate on building
trade or vocational schools. Such an ap-
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?a'r'lZU 8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks August 15, 1968
proach, while damaging to national pride,
might well be the only way of producing the
expertise necessary to develop an agrarian
society. "We must rethink the value of edu-
cation," concedes one Tanzanian official. "We
may eventually find that mass liberal educa-
tion is detrimental to the goals of our
country."
TI4 F CHANGE IN EAST-WEST
TRADE POLICIES
OF OHIO
TN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, August 2, 1968
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I be-
lieve it is safe to say that most American
citizens cannot understand how this Na-
tion can justify the policy of our trading
with the Soviet Union while that country
supplies Ho Chi Minh with the where-
withal to kill thousands of American
servicemen in Vietnam. It is encourag-
ing at least to consider that there will
be a chance available in November to
change this insane and dangerous policy.
The Washington Star of August 5 car-
ried a partial text of the 1968 Republican
Party :platform which reads in part:
Nations hostile to this country will receive
no assistance from the United States. We will
not provide aid of any kind to countries
which aid and abet the war efforts of North
Vietnam.
Only when Communist nations prove by
actual deeds that they genuinely seek world
peace and will live in harmony with the
rest of the world, will we support expansion
of East-West trade. We will strictly admin-
later the Export Control Act, taking special
care to deny export licenses for strategic
goods.
Nor is this a politically partisan issue.
During this Congress over 120 Members
of the House of Representatives cospon-
sored legislation to establish a House
committee to review our trade policies
with Communist countries, with special
reference to North Vietnam. Although
the cosponsors were almost equally di-
vided between Democrats and Republi-
cans, this legislation unfortunately never
got out of committee. If there is a change
in the complexion of the House in Janu-
ary, this proposal might well be one of
the first orders of business.
An excellent article on this issue ap-
peared in the August issue of Religion
and Society which demonstrates how in-
sulting is our present policy to the prin-
ciples, intelligence, and commonsense of
the American people. Written by Allan C.
Brownfeld, this treatment causes one
to wonder just how far supposedly intel-
ligent leaders can stray from reality in
the field of foreign affairs.
Mr. Brownfeld is no newcomer to the
field of journalism. The recipient of a
Wall Street Journal Foundation Award,
he has had articles published in the
Commonweal, the North American Re-
view, the Texas Quarterly, and Modern
Age. As a former staff director of the
'louse Republican task force on East-
West trade, he has been exposed to the
ninny ramifications of this complex is-
sue. In addition, he has served as a staff
member of the Senate Internal Security
Committee, and is presently at work on
a soon-to-be-published book.
I include the article, "The Continuing
Paradox of East-West Trade in Time of
War," by Allan C. Brownfeld, in the
RECORD at this point:
THE CONTINUING PARADOX OF EAST-WEST
TRADE IN TIME OF WAR
(By Allan C. Brownfeld)'
While Americans fight and die in Vietnam.
there is mounting evidence that American
businessmen are trading strategic goods to
the very Communist countries which, in
turn, are supplying the North Vietnamese
and the Viet Cong with the means of war.
There is additional evidence that this
course of action is being stimulated and en-
couraged by Washington officials who believe
that such a policy, which they refer to as
"bridge building," will somehow improve
East-West relations.
But if we are now supplying strategic
goods to Communist countries, we are acting
contrary to the position advocated by the
Johnson Administration.
A Presidential Commission established to
study the question of East-West trade stated
clearly that "We rule out from these con-
siderations any kind of strategic trade that
could significantly enhance Soviet military
capabilities and weaken our own. position
of comparative military strength." This re-
port was sent to the President by the Special
Committee on U.S. Trade Relations with
Eastern European Countries and the Soviet
Union on April 29, 1965.
In 1966, the Commerce Department relaxed
export restrictions on nearly 400 "non-stra-
tegic" commodities for shipment to Russia
and Eastern Europe. Among these were tex-
tile products, some metal manufactures and
machinery, foodstuffs, chemical materials
and products, and a variety of manufactured
articles. These products can now be exported
to Eastern Europe without prior specific ap-
proval of the Commerce Department. They
move under what the department terms a
general license.
Nothing in the Administration's stated
policy would lead the observer to believe that
strategic goods were flowing from the United
States to the Communist world. But the facts
are far different. Also different is the in-
terpretation by most experts of what is, in
fact, a "strategic" good.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in a radio
chat to the American people in May of 1940,
said that "The American people will not
relish the idea of any American citizen grow-
ing rich and fat in an emergency of blood
and slaughter and human suffering."
This was more than a year before Pearl
Harbor, and at that time no Americans were
fighting either in the European or Asian
w iars. Today, in the face of Vietnam, our at-
titude is far different. And, as a result of the
1966 order opening up shipments to Rus-
sia, scrap iron and scrap metal are back on
the "approved" list and junk peddlers are
sending it over to Russia to help build the
* Allan C. Brownfeld received his A.B. from
the College of William and Mary, his M.A.
from the University of Maryland, and his
LL.B from the Marshall-Wythe School of
Law of the College of William and Mary. The
recipient of a Wall Street Journal Founda-
tion Award, his articles have appeared in The
Commonweal, The North American Review,
The Texas Quarterly, and Modern Age.
Formerly a member of staff of the Senate
Internal Security Committee, he is now en-
rolled in the Ph.D program in Government
and Politics at the University of Maryland
and is preparing a book. He has also served
as staff director of the House Republican
Task Force of East-West Trade.
Russian war machine, just as was done with
Japan in. the late 1930's and in 1940.
Even a casual glance shows that much of
what is being shipped to Communist coun-
tries has a direct relationship to their ability
to make war.
For example, on March 10, 1966, and again
on August 16, 1906, the Commerce Depart-
ment approved shipments of diethylene gly-
col worth $482,250. This chemical is used in
the manufacture of explosives and liquid
rocket propellants. It can also be used as a
plasticizer in solid rocket propellants of, the
type suitable for air to air missiles such as
are used in Vietnam.
Other chemicals shipped in great quantity
to the Soviets are used for the production
of oxalic acid which is a purifying agent for
glycerol. This is also an importantingredient
in the manufacture of explosives.
Last year we shipped more than $2,387,000
worth of chemical wood pulp to the Soviet
Union. Although this may sound harmless, it
is important to remember that it can be used
for nitrocellulose, an important ingredient
for solid rocket fuels.
On May 9, 1967. our government approved
a shipment of polyvinyl butyral valued at
$268,975. This product is primarily used as
an interlayer in bullet resistant glass.
According to a top missile expert, C. Stark
Droper, "The key area for advance in control
and guidance is still the region in which the
basic limitations exist-that is, the high ac-
curacy sensing of geometrical information."
On February 1, 1967, the Commerce Depart-
ment authorized the shipment of just such
an instrument, a Worden Gravimeter. This
license approval has been temporarily with-
drawn for further consideration. But, if ap-
proved, the accuracy of Soviet missiles will be
improved significantly.
The most recent example of our continued
trade in strategic goods relates to the ship-
ment of copper scrap to Yugoslavia at the
very moment when the copper strike in our
own country has rapidly diminished our
necessary stockpiles.
The prolonged strike in the copper industry
and the growing demand for copper for mili-
tary uses reduced our supply of copper to a
dangerously low level. While our national ob-
jective is a copper stockpile of 775,000 tons on
hand, ? our present supply is estimated at
287,000 tons.
In fact, our supplies are so low that as a
result of the International Longshoreman's
Association boycotting of copper imports, one
of the nation's largest defense contractors,
Okonite Co., was forced to close two of its five
plants.
Under what policy, is it proper to ask, is the
Department of Commerce approving the sale
of scrap copper to Communist countries at a
time when our own defense industry is run-
ning short?
Prior to removing a number of items from
its category of "strategic goods" the Depart-
ment of Commerce issued a press release de-
claring that the items removed ". . . fall into
the category of peaceful goods, which may be
freely exported without risk to the United
States national interests." It also asserted
that it had ". . consulted with other in-
terested departments, Including Defense,
State, Agriculture, Interior and the Intelli-
gence Community, in taking this step."
The evidence points to the fact that the
Administration did not consult the Intelli-
gence community at all. The Director of
Naval Intelligence states: "The Office of
Naval Intelligence, definitely a member of
the 'Intelligence community,' had no part in
the consultation which preceded the revi-
sion of the Commodity Control List."
The Air Force stated that "No intelligence
office of the U.S. Air Force participated in
the revision of the Commodity Control Lists."
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August 15, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks E 7519
The Army stated that the Assistant Chief
of Staff for Intelligence was not consulted
regarding the commodities listed."
The Department of Defense said that the
Defense Intelligence Agency "was not re-
quested to supply intelligence on the four
hundred commodities that are covered in the
Current Export- Control Bulletin Number
941."
Commenting upon this situation, Rep.
Glenard P. Lipscomb stated that "The failure
to consult the military intelligence agencies
is obviously a very serious matter. Before any
item with military significance can be deter-
mined as non-strategic, certainly some intel-
ligence office of the military establishment
should be consulted to learn if the item is not
superior to ones currently in use by or avail-
able to the Communists."
Reviewing the manner in which items have
been declared "non-strategic," Rep. Delbert
Latta testified before the Subcommittee on
Europe of the House Foreign Affairs Commit-
tee. He asked: "What is a non-strategic good?
If the Administration really intends to in-
crease trade only in `non-strategic' goods, we
feel it essential that it tell us exactly how
such a determination was made, and is to be
made in the future. Under what definition is
an item considered 'non-strategic?"'
Setting forth the State Department's view
of East-West trade, Eugene M. Braderman,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Com-
mercial Affairs and Business Activities, said
that "one of the most important premises
is the fact that these countries differ very
considerably among themselves, both in their
internal systems and in their relations with
one another.. .. He noted ". . in conse-
quence, U.S. policy expresses itself in differ-
ent ways toward different Communist coun-
tries."
Mr. Braderman conceded that "in some
instances the behavior of a Communist coun-
try will warrant our denying trade with it
completely . . In other instances it best
serves the U.S. interest to encourage trade
with a Communist country."
Since the Soviet Union represents a case
of that kind of Communist country with
which the Department seeks to increase
trade, it is interesting to see what the So-
viet Union's relationship is with a Commu-
nist country with which the Department of
State does not wish to trade, namely North
Vietnam.
There is no doubt that we will not trade
with a government which is shooting Amer-
icans. This would be aiding the enemy. It
would be immoral as well as impractical.
But-do we advocate increased trade with a
country which is in turn supplying the en-
emy with the means of war?
In an extensive study of Soviet aid to
North Vietnam, Professor Albert Parry, chair-
man of Russian Studies at Colgate Univer-
sity, points out that ". . it is estimated
that during the ten years through 1964 So-
viet aid to North Vietnam totaled some $350
million. It faltered somewhat in 1963 and
1964 when Khrushchev apparently was re-
signed to seeing the country in China's orbit.
. But Khrushchev's successors have revived
the Soviet interest in Ho Chi Minh.... Mos-
cow's exports to North Vietnam rose from
47.6 million in 1964 to more than 74.8 mil-
lion in 1965 alone."
In March, 1966, the Soviet Union replied
to Chinese charges that Soviet help to Hanoi
was insufficient and represented a lack of
interest in the conflict. The Moscow leaders
sent a confidential letter to Communist lead-
ers stressing that in 1965 North Vietnam
received from the Soviet Union arms-and
military equipment worth half a billion rub-
les. The list included rocket installations and
conventional anti-aircraft guns, MIGS and
other planes, and tanks, coastal artillery, and
small warships.
Since the fall of 1965, the number of con-
ventional anti-aircraft guns in North Viet-
nam has risen from 1,500 to at least 5,000.
One unofficial estimate puts the figure at
7,000, In the fall of 1965 there were only
four North Vietnamese batteries firing SAMS.
By early October, 1966, this number had risen
to 25 or 30, each with six inch launchers.
On September 23, 1967, the Soviet Union
concluded a series of agreements with North
Vietnam, providing for continuing deliveries
of military and economic aid to Hanoi in
1968. A joint communique issued at the con-
clusion of about a month of negotiations
specified that the military material would
include ground to air missiles, planes, and
artillery.
What kinds of products are the Commu-
nists most interested in purchasing from the
West? Are they products meant to enhance
their consumer economy, or are they prod-
ucts meant to strengthen their war ma-
chine? :[s this not, in reality, the real test
of whether or not a product is "strategic"?
George Champion, chairman of the Chase
Manhatten Bank, discussed this question in
an address at Middlebury College. He noted
that . the Communists seem more in-
terested in buying Western know-how than
Western goods. They want to import manu-
facturing units with special emphasis on
chemical complexes, automobile plants, and
the like. To me, this is a strange con-
cept of trade."
In 1955, Nikita Khrushchev made it clear
that the essence of Soviet trade was not the
purchase of "non-strategic" goods. He said:
"We value trade least for economic reasons
and most for political reasons."
To those who argue that the Soviet Union
is not engaged in war with us and that,
therefore, we should trade with them in all
areas, former Connecticut Governor and Am-
bassador to Spain John Davis Lodge has
replied: "It may be contended that Russian
military forces are not engaged in combat
against us as was the German military ma-
chine, Yet that is hardly a reason why we
should give them the added advantage of
receiving aid in the form of trade from the
United States while they are supplying
eighty per cent of the arms to Hanoi."
Many members of the Congress have re-
acted sharply to a policy which asks Ameri-
cans to die in the defense of freedom, on
the one hand, and supplies the enemies of
freedom with the means of war, on the other.
Senator Karl Mundt, commenting upon
this situation, said that "It seems incon-
ceivable that this nation accepts a policy
of trade with adversaries who provide needed
aid to prolong a war in which more than
twelve thousand Americans already have
lost their lives. But we continue to do so
in face of the fact that trade has not re-
duced tensions, nor did it in the two world
warts in which England, Germany, and
France were each other's best customers,
right up to when the shooting started."
Senator Mundt has introduced legisla-
tion to place an embargo on exports of
American goods to Communist countries
aiding North Vietnam's war effort. In many
respects, it seems a more appropriate view
or reality than the policy pursued by the
Department of State.
Perhaps the most outspoken criticism of
opponents of East-West Trade came from
Ambassador Averell Harriman who, on the
November 23, 1966, NBC-TV program "The
Today Show," labeled the opponents of. trade
as "bigoted, pigheated people, who don't
know what's going on in the world, and who
have prevented us from helping our bal-
ance of payments."
Our trade with Communist countries may
indeed have assisted our balance of pay-
ments. But at the same time we have given
totalitarian governments their means of
support and subsistence and have asked
nothing in return. We have been uncon-
cerned about the people. We have tried to
make friends only with their rulers. In the
end, the rulers know they have used us,
and the people know we cannot be depended
upon.
And what of the young Americans who
die in Vietnam at the mercy of weapons
which may have been paid for with Ameri-
can dollars! It is reminiscent of a dramatic
scene in Arthur Miller's play, All My Sons.
Lamenting the fact that he had provided
inadequate military equipment in a war
which had served to kill a number of men,
a manufacturer seemed troubled over the
fact that his own son now hated him, that
to his son they were "All my sons."
In a sense, we have abandoned our sons
on the altar of a policy that does not work.
And what will be our rewards?
TWO STATE MARINES REPORTED
DEAD IN VIETNAM DUTY
HON. CLARENCE D. LONG
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, August 2, 1968
Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker,
Gunnery Sgt. Henry M. Bruce and Cpl.
Franklin I. Burris, Jr., two fine young
men from Maryland, died recently in
Vietnam. I would like to commend their
courage and honor their memory by in-
cluding the following article in the
RECORD:
Two STATE MARINES REPORTED DEAD IN
VIETNAM DUTY
Two Maryland service men, one a career
marine born in Baltimore, have died in Viet-
nam, the Defense Department announced
yesterday.
They are Gunnery Sgt. Henry M. Bruce,
husband of Mr. Loretta B. Bruce, of 1215
Congress street, Beaufort, S.C. and Cpl.
Franklin I. Burris, Jr., husband of Mrs. Donna
F. Burris, of 3526 Silver Park drive, Suitland,
Md.
Sergeant Bruce, who was 30, died recently
after suffering heat stroke and a heart at-
tack while on patrol in Quang Tri province.
When his family was informed of his death
Saturday, they were not told on what day he
died. ,
ENLISTED IN 1954
Born in Baltimore Sergeant Bruce at-
tended Douglass High School.
After enlisting in the Marines in 1954, Ser-
geant Bruce took basic training at Parris
Island, S.C.
He served at Camp LeJeune, N.C., and
Quantico Marine Base, Quantico, Va., before
returning to Parris Island, where he served
as a drill instructor.
WAS IN QUANG TRI
After arriving in Vietnam July 17, Ser-
geant Bruce was stationed in Quang Tri pro-
vince.
In addition to his wife, Sergeant Bruce is
survived by two daughters, Laurie Bruce and
Leslie Bruce, and a son, Leonard Bruce, all
of whom live at home.
Also surviving are his mother, Mrs. India
Bruce, of 3002 Chelsea terrace, Baltimore;
three brothers, Army Pfc. William Bruce,
stationed in Saigon, and Edward Bruce and
Walter Bruce, both of Baltimore; two sisters,
Miss Brenda Bruce and Mrs. Ella Talley, both
of Baltimore, and his maternal grandfather,
Rudolph Alexander, of Warrington, N.C.
Corporal Burris died Friday from gunshot
wounds of the body received during an oper-
ation in Quangnam province. He was 21 years
old.
BORN IN IOWA
Born in Mason City, Iowa, Corporal Burris
lived in Largo, Fla. from the time he was
10 years old.
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1V G SSIONAL RECORD - Extensions of Remarks August 15, 1968,
He was a graduate of Dixie Hollands High
School in Largo.
He enlisted in the Marine Reserves in
March, 1965, and began his active duty in
June.
After basic training at Parris Island, S.C.,
Corporal Burris was assigned to a Marine
barracks in Washington.
After his arrival in Vietnam at the end of
February, he served at Da Nang and Phu Bai
before being assigned to Quang Nam prov-
ince.
His wife said yesterday: "As a marine he
naturally would fight to the end. In Vietnam
he was always in the field.
"But when I saw him in Hawaii at the end
of June, he told me he was thoroughly dis-
gusted with the way the war was being run,"
Mrs. Burris said adding that her husband
thought that "we had no business being
there in Vietnam in a war."
Mrs. Burris said that her husband never
saw his daughter, Elissa Marie, who is only
3 months old.
Beside his wife and daughter, survivors
include his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Franklin
1. Burris; two brothers, John Burris and Ed-
ward Burris; a sister, Miss Connie Ann Bur-
ris, and his maternal grandparents, Mr. and
Mrs. Robert Quenrud, all of Largo, Florida.
HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, August 2, 1968
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, with the
passing of John T. Kmetz, America has
lost an outstanding citizen, labor a high-
ly effective leader, and those close to him
a true and valued friend. Most of all he
was a devoted husband and father whose
family has the sincere sympathy of a
boundless circle of those who knew him
personally or by reputation.
For many years an official of the
United Mine Workers of America, Mr.
Kmeta was appointed Assistant Secre-
tary of Labor by President Truman in
1947. He was also president of the Penn-
sylvania Federation of Labor and since
1965 was director of organization for the
UMWA with offices in Washington.
Mr. Kmetz was-a member of the union
for 66 years, having joined at the age
of 7 when he and his father went to
work in a coal mine in Pennsylvania.
He was born in Czechoslovakia, then a
part of Austria-Hungary.
His career was meteoric and inspiring.
He was appointed to the union's district
board in 1923 and to the international
executive board in 1936, representing
district one in Pennsylvania's anthracite
region. He assisted former UMWA presi-
dent, John'L. Lewis, in founding the Con-
gress of Industrial Organizations and for
30 years traveled throughout the country
to mediate labor disputes.
Many Members of Congress knew and
admired Mr. Kmetz. Those who did not
have the opportunity of meeting him
nevertheless recognized him as a man of
the highest character and integrity be-
cause of their acquaintance with his son,
James F. Kmetz, whose duties as legisla-
tive representative of the UMWA have
kept him in close contact with the House
for a number of years.
We all mourn the loss of this great
and good man whose career helped bring
stature to the workingman and stability
to management-labor relations, who
served with distinction in high Federal
office, and who was an exemplary father
and husband.
HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, August 2, 1968
Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, approxi-
mately 40 members of this House have
introduced legislation designed to re-
move unanticipated inequities resulting
from the Immigration and Nationality
Act of 1965. I am one of the Members
who sponsored such legislation and our
simple objective is to erase these in-
equities by establishing a floor under the
immigration levels from every nation.
The bills we have sponsored provide
for a floor to be established. for every
nation based upon its average level of
immigration to the United States during
the decade prior to the enactment of the
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.
The basic problem of the act of 1965
with respect to Irish immigration results
from an apparent miscalculation of the
State Department in its projections of
future immigration. The State Depart-
ment had estimated that 5,200 places
would be available to immigrants from
Ireland. The facts conclusively demon-
strate that State Department projections
were wide of the mark. In contrast to
the 5,200 places projected by the State
Department, Irish immigration dropped
to only 1,800 in 1966 and in 1967 with
estimates that Irish preference immigra-
tion next year will be only about 600.
The present immigration act estab-
lishes a system of preferences based on
family relationships and skills. However,
the family relationship preferences oper-
ate adversely to the historical pattern
of Irish immigration. Thus, out of 1,904
visas issued in Ireland between Decem-
ber 1, 1965, and March 31, 1967, only
499 were of the family preference kind
and 435 of these were for brothers and
sisters of American citizens.
This results from the fact that the
pattern of Irish immigration has been
for a few brothers and sisters to emi-
grate at a time while others remained
behind. Typically the Irish emigrant has
been young and unmarried and conse-
quently brought with him no spouse or
children. As a result of this pattern, Ire-
land is unable to compete equally with
other nationalities for family prefer-
ences.
The vast contributions of the Irish
immigrant to our economy and to our
culture are too well established to war-
rant elaboration here. From 1933 to 1967,
approximately 70,000 people, average
17,400 annually, have emigrated from
Ireland to other parts of the world. In
1965, 5,558 Irish immigrants came to the
United States in the last year of open
Irish immigration to the United States.
In 1966, only 1,741 Irish immigrants
landed here although 4,275 made ap-
plication to do so.
Those of us in this House who are
joined in equalizing the application of
the law of 1965 propose simply that a
floor be established equal to 75 percent
of a country's average annual immigra-
tion during the 1.0-year period from 1955
to 1965, with a maximum floor limit of
10,000 for any country. In relation to
Ireland, such a formula would establish
the annual limit at 5,390.
The present immigration law is man-
ifestly unfair to the Irish whose sons
and daughters have contributed so much
and so valiantly to the strength and
wealth of our Nation. It will take but
very little to substitute for the existing
inequity a fair, just, and equitable im-
migration policy toward all national-
ities. I urge that we take necessary
tion immediately to remove those
equities.
ac-
in-
MINSHALL AGAIN BRINGS TRAVEL-
ING OFFICE TO DISTRICT
HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, August 2, 1968
Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, for the
past 14 years it has been my privilege and
honor to represent the citizens of the 23d
Congressional District of Ohio in the
U.S. House of Representatives.
As the Representative of this out-
standing district, I make every effort not
only to keep well informed on the opin-
ions of the people through personal con-
tact, but also attempt to be of the great-
est possible service to those who have
problems involving Federal departments
and agencies. To help accomplish this,
I maintain a year-round congressional
office at 2951 New Federal Office Build-
ing in downtown Cleveland.
Throughout my seven terms in Con-
gress I have made every effort to keep
the people informed about the national
scene. My newsletter, the Washington
Report, periodically summarizes major
legislative activities of the Congress and
other issues confronting the Nation.
During my service in Washington, I
have considered it of primary importance
to be present at the Capitol whenever the
Congress is in session in order to fulfill
my heavy committee workload and to
vote on legislation. Because of intensive
daily schedules on -Capitol Hill, and with
Congress in almost continuous session, I
have not been able to return to Cleveland
as frequently as I would like.
My Appropriations Committee assign-
ments are particularly time consuming.
In addition to membership on the De-
partment of Defense Appropriations
Subcommittee and the Housing and In-
dependent Offices (NASA) Appropria-
tions Subcommittee, I am the ranking
minority member on the Department of
Transportation Appropriations Subcom-
mittee. These three important assign-
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