WATCHING THE CIA AT WORK AROUND THE WORLD

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300030013-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 1, 2005
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: March 6, 1967
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

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Headquarters of Central Intelligence Agency near Washington, D. C. Co-ordinated"
here is information important to U. S, security, gathered from sources throughout
the world. The agency's budget is secret: One estimate: a billion dollars a year,
Behind the latest hassle over
Central Intelligence is a record of
careful, nerve-racking--and high-
ly secret-operations designed to
keep the United States ahead of
its adversaries.
A report on CIA in action-
The most secret organization in the
U. S. Government-the Central Intelli-
gence Agency-is being subjected again
to the glare of publicity.
It all results from the furor over dis-
closures of "CIA undercover dealings with
student groups, foundations and labor
unions. This was part of the agency's
worldwide efforts to counter the clandes-
tine operations of Communists and other
enemies of the U. S.
On February 23, President Johnson en-
dorsed a finding that the CIA acted un-
der Long-established national policy in
secretly subsidizing the National Student
Association and other groups and that
the actions were approved at highest
levels of the Government,
What CIA really is. The storm is
one of many the CIA has weathered in
its 20 years as a massive intelligence
network, It has raised new questions
about what the CIA is, the scope and
sweep of its secret missirnls, the way it
works and how it is controlled.
The nerve center of the CIA is a huge
headquarters building at Langley, Va., a
few miles from the White House, but its
activities extend to every continent.
One indispensable product of the
CIA's global machinery is placed in the
hands of President Johnson early each
morning, It is a crisp, terse intelligence
report on important things that go on be-
hind the scenes around the work!-.
Underlying that daily report-on every-
thing from nuclear developments in fled
China to military moves in Russia and
political plots in Asia or Africa-arc the
activities of thousands of people,
But the CIA is not just an intelligence-
gathering agency, It has "action mis-
sinusr/ as well, Many of its operations
arc known only to senior policy officers
of the Government, The CIA is - under
over-all control of the National Security
Council. Its budget is secret. One "edu-
cated guess" puts the figure at a biliicu
CIA employes head homeward at end o da~/'s work. dollars a year.
Approved For Release 2005/11/21 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300030013-8
U.S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, March 6, 1967
 aNgd For Release 2005/11/21 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300030013-8
To get a revealing picture of what the mation from inside China, In Japan, the
C',IA really does and how it functions, CIA had the job of training Japanese
rnenlbers of the International Staff of eounterintelli
e
it
B
i
g
nce un
s
ur
n; and af-
"U. S. News & World Report" were ter the Korean War, and still works
k
d t d
d
as
e
o sen
ispatches based on close , closely with the Japanese police,
l
persona
observation. From a British intelligence specialist
in co
thi
mes
......,...s co111111ent:
formation that follows: "The CIA knows more ahont what is
hind t
d
---'ra-?^-??-b
o
ay tl,itI, if 11~' ci11-
rxalnplc, the CIA has had a vital role or intelligence organization, including
for more than a d
A
i
'
"
ec;lde1
t a t
me when Russi
s
a1 a Lt, S. lnllltar'y presence wits precluded, Co-operation with Britain. Allied-
the CIA stepped in, trained and armed can intelligence officials in Britain meet
n
cou
ierinsurgcncygcoups,
regularly with their British counterparts
The CIA
~I
01L;11 11
ontagnards th ifib
,.-o excangenormaton aout CDiillnU-
'
anti-Connnlnlist units to seal off the The British point out th
t th
i
a
e
r own
basses and block Red supply lines from intelligence agencies have one advan-
L
aos and C;ambodiil
? tage over the CIA in that they are im-
l)y the CIA at Vling Tau on the southern Britain's Official Secrets Act forbids
..cl
sure
an
i
..
o
va ?ucfl
gence activities,
"pacification
a school for teams" to work and newspapers are subject to a form of
wit
ill
I
"
agers
n areas wrested f th
h v
l"h
romevountary censorsip. Actions by Brit-
Con
Th
CIA
ill
g.
b.
e
st
supervises ish intelligence that might cause con-
call-
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err
A ,vl.u~?uicu
.
Much of the "grass roots" political re. Some British intelligence officials com-
porting in Vietnam comes from the , plain that Anglo-American collaboration
CIA Th
h
i
l
e p
ys
ca
dangers inllti h b l
, coecngaseeness intimate in the last few
Such information make it unwise, U, S, years than it was previously, These of.
officials say, to use anyone but a trained Iicials say that this results from a "cool-
intelligence agent capable of coping or attitude" by the CIA
based on a
,
with perilous situations, feeling that U. S. intelligence gave tile.
"The stri
ed-
t
di
l
p
pan
s
p
omat simply Bitihidbl
rs conseray more than was re-
does not belong in some of these places," ceived in return,
an American official commented, Britain's spending on intelligence
CIA specialists: in '`dirty triFks" are amounts to less than 30 million dollars
;:Idviscis to the Vietnamese police, Those a year-small potatoes compared with
pceialists know how to counter the U. S. expenditures,
Band of terrorism used by the Viet Cong, Intelligence experts in Britain say
Saigon is saturated with Red agents, that they can understand the CIA's use
They infiltrate political and religious of student and other organizations to
gcoups, labor organizations, universities, counter intensive Communist political
.:hey spark subversion and sabotage, warfare. The British and most other Eu-
';:'he U. S. Goveriwir'ut must know what ropean governments openly subsidize
they are up to, 'rile CIA is a main in- student groups attending international
slrnment for finding out, conferences.
The CIA subsidizes an airline-Air The European hub. Germany is the
.'anlerica-that makes flights in Vietnam main center of CIA operations in Ell-
and Laos. It drops food and ammunition rope. It is in West Germany that basic
to anti-Communist guerrillas behind Red information on what is happening in the
lines in Laos, supplies neutralist forces Soviet Union and Eastern Europe is
+long the Laoti;in-Vietnamese border and compiled.
provides a link with remote areas of Overt-as well as covert-activities of
t;oudi Vietnam.
the CIA abound in West Get?many.
Data from China, On Taiwan, an- More than 50 pei?5011s in the U. S, Eni-
other CIA subsidiary-Western Enter- bassy at Bonn arc clearly identifiable as
prises-)helped Ira Chinese Nationalists being on the CIA payroll. A CIA coin-
l.)r espionage and c'rmlnlando raids oil munications center of similar size is lo-
file mainland of Lied China, A large cated at Frankfurt. These units concen-
CIA unit on Taiwan obtains and co-ordi- trace on evaluation of information which
notes intelligence from Nationalist Chi. flows in through normal channels,
r1Osc 50111005, At the same time, the CIA carries on
The CLA sponsors Nationalist Chinese undercover work through contacts in
1.1-2 "spy planes" which make regular Eastern Europe, Also, a number of CIA
reconnaissance flights over Rod China, operatives perform counterintelligence
In Iloog Kong, the CIA supports a jobs inside Germany.
number of Chinese intelligence groups The CIA works hand in y
which have their own s441pgereafeidfaer Releas ftoJQA?6~1~31n~Rt el' 7M 0
U.S. NEWS 1L WORLD REPORT, March 6, 1967
UL -
CIAONLY
A P~Ri Cf
DIG U.S.
INTELLIGENCE
lEi4'l0.(
Nine separate agencies gather
intelligence for the Government on
a full-time basis, They are:
CIA-Central Intelligence Agen-
cy: collects and evaluates all types
of intelligence-from other agencies
as well as its own. Also carries on
undercover operations,
FBI-Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation: is charged with the internal
security of U. S., handles counter-
Intelligence, espionage and sabo-
tage in this country.
NSA-National Security Agency:
specializes in codes and communi-
cations-codes and decodes mes-
sages, breaks foreign codes,
I&R-Intelligence and Research
of State Department: deals prin-
cipally with political and economic
studies abroad,
AEC-Atomic Energy Commis-
Sion: collects nuclear data, detects
tests of other nations,
DIA-Defense Intelligence Agen-
cy: ' 'assesses military capabilities of ~~
other nations, correlates Army,
Navy and Air Force intelligence.
AFNIN-Air Force Intelligence:
concentrates on foreign air power
and space activities, assesses po-
tential bombing targets.
G2-Army Intelligence: concen-
trates on foreign land forces, weap-
ons and military plans.
ONI-Office of Naval Intelli-
gence: concentrates on foreign nav-
al forces and their movements.
USIB-Representatives of all those
nine agencies sit in a top-level
group called the U. S. Intelligence
Board, which meets at least once
a week and provides the President
with national intellig*aru'e esti-
mates, This board is headed by
the Director of th rp
338R0003000300~ 3-8
 A roved For Release 2005/11/21 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300030013-8
'L13. News & 1 110 Report 7
[continued front preceding page,
the IINI), the West German intelligence
Service, which is under the direction of
(',en, Reinhard Gchlen, one of the
world's "Injister spies." General Gchlen
spent tic early postwar years on the
American payroll, but later switched to
the West: German Government.
The CIA's newly bared policy of sub-
sidizing trips of U. S. college students to
international student conventions drew
cynical comment from West German in-
tellityence exports who have recruited
students to keep an eye on Communist
agents in universities.
"Lousy agents." Said one "old pro"
in Berlin:
"We've found that students these days
make lousy agents. At the first oppor-
tunity, they try to sell a 'spy story' to
some newspaper. We are better off
without them."
German exports agree that the need
for covert operations by the CIA in Eu-
rope is undiminished-that Communist
penetration of all kinds of organizations
continues unabated.
Latin America is an important area
of activity for the CIA-which was sad-
dled by some critics with much of the
blame for the Bay of Pigs debacle in
Fidel Castro's Ctiba in 196E
The CIA divides nations of Latin
America into three categories-friendly,
neutral and hostile. At present, Cuba is
the only cohlltr'y rated as hostile.
As the missile crisis in 1962 showed,
Cuba has the capability of becoming an
active threat to U. S. security. Brazil
was rated as hostile just before its 1964
revolution. I-Iaiti would be so rated, but
it is too weak to be considered a threat.
An informed source had this to say
about some results of CIA espionage and
counterespionage in Latin America;
"It was the CIA which found out
how Castro trains and returns guerrillas
to Latin America. It was the CIA which
discovered the extent of Red infiltration
in Brazil under the Coulart Government.
It was the CIA which got the facts on
how the Russians were using Uruguay as
their spy base for the entire ,continent of
South America."
The same source made this comment
on the caliber of CIA agents;
"In many places in South America,
CIA men seem delnitcly superior to
State l)cpartnlent men in their coverage
and political insight. They dig deeper
into such things as student movements
and labor groups.
"Many of the CIA amen arc ex-Ma-
rines, tough and dedicated. Many others
are ex-lawyers or professors. As a group,
they seem clearly a notch above U. S.
diplomatic personnel in basic intelli-
gence and in ability to evaluate what is
going on. They have a better command
of Spanish or Portuguese.
"I have reason to believe that the
CIA has alerted the U. S. Government
to more than one explosive situation in
Latin America so, that necessary action
was taken at the right time."
How "fronts" are used. To counter
Communist-supported agitator's who
dominate student groups in most Latin-
American universities, the CIA-working
through "fronts"-sponsors scholarships
and other means of support for students
who keep tabs on troublemakers.
Also, the CIA finances anti-Commu-
nist activities within labor unions. The
Reds, it is pointed out, control some
unions outright in such countries as
Peru, Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. The
Communist aim is to use labor unions
as bases of political influence in the
Red, attempt to undermine U. S. inter-
ests in Latin America.
Mexico is regarded as a very impor-
tant point in the CIA network. The rea-
son is plain. The C011111111nist world has
in Mexico a considerable portion of its
Young Americans march in parade of Moscow World Youth Festival, Secretly
channeled CIA funds financed attendance of some U. S. students at such events,
-UPI Photo
Approved For Release 2005/11/21 : CIA-RPP70B00338RO
-USN&WR Photo
Richard Helms, CIA Director, supervises
the huge agency's worldwide operations,
Western Ilenlisphere apparatus for espio-
nage and subversion.
Dozens of Soviet agents in Mexico are
assigned to spy against the United
States. Others are responsible for Rus-
sian. espionage in Latin-American nations
to the South with which Moscow has
no diplomatic relations. Counterespio-
nage-keeping posted on what Soviet
spies are doing-is a big part of the
CIA's work in Mexico.
Because Mexico City's airport is a
main Latin-American gateway in and out
of Communist Cuba, it is a frontline sta-
tion for the CIA, whose agents there
carefully and systematically monitor all
traffic to and from Cuba.
The CIA identifies and reports on
U. S. Communists who go to Mexico to
meet their Soviet contacts. The Federal
Bureau of Investigation, responsible for
internal security, has made it dangerous
for Red spies to meet inside the U. S.
Routine CIA counterespion age uncov-
ered a visit: to Mexico by Lee Ihu'vey
Oswald before the assassination of Pr'esi-
dent John IF, Kennedy.
The CIA says that it immediately sent
Oswald's photograph to the F131 and the
State 7cpartincnt with the information
that Oswald was in touch with the Rus-
sian and Cuban embassies in Mexico
City and was considered dangerous.
An unruffled attitude. CIA people,
assured of President Johnson's backing,
say that they are accustomed to contro-
versy and unworried by the latest flurry.
The present Director of the CIA, Rich-
ard Helms, is the'third Ulan to hold that
job in the last six years.
Mr. Iiehlls is the first CIA Director to
come up through the ranks of the agen-
cy. He has seen it become the biggest
and most far-ranging intelligence organi-
zation in the world. And he "has had a
key role in what Secretary of State Dean
Rusk described, at another time when
the CIA was under fire, as "a tough strug-
o
n
in the back alleys all over
oirj
o
8
P
U. S. NEWS & WORLD REPORT, March 6, 1967