DEAR (Sanitized):

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00596R000100190080-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 37
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 16, 2000
• Sequence Number: 80
• Publication Date: March 12, 1965
• Content Type: LETTER

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T H E A I R F O R C E S Y S T E M S C O M M A N D
is responsible for timely advancement of the technological base and its
effective translation into the acquisition of qualitatively superior aero-
space systems for the United States Air Force.
National security is the constant objective, from exploratory and ad-
vanced development, test and evaluation, through procurement and
production
EM
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FORGING MILITARY AEROSPACE POWER
The Commander's Letter
The Prior Years
Highlights of Operations
Systems Delivered
Technology and Test
The Management Team
Divisions, Centers and Regions
Management Highlights
Selected Comparative Data
Key Graphic Summaries
New Developments
Looking to the Future
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January 1965
Air Force Systems Command bears a major re-
sponsibility for the advancement of Air Force aero-
space technology, the timely application of technology
to new aerospace systems, and military developments
in space. During 1964 Systems Command made sig-
nificant contributions in all these areas.
The Air Force long-range planning study, Project
Forecast, provided a major stimulus for the technolog-
ical efforts of the Command. One of its most signifi-
cant effects was the resurgence of interest in aero-
dynamics. As a result of Forecast recommendations,
a number of new aircraft systems are now under
active study, and late in the year the President or-
dered the development of a new large transport air-
craft, the C-5A. Forecast also stimulated intensive
studies in such high pay-off technical areas as materi-
als, flight dynamics, avionics, propulsion, guidance
and computer programming.
The technological opportunities emphasized by
Forecast offer many possibilities for improving present
systems and for moving on to more advanced systems.
For example, a new high-strength, lightweight materi-
al, formed from boron fibers and a plastic binder,
would make possible great weight savings in aircraft
and space vehicle structures with no sacrifice of either
strength or stiffness. Other materials would allow
advances in propulsion through increased engine op-
erating temperatures. New guidance and navigation
systems can make possible increased accuracy in
weapon delivery. "Implicitly programmed" computers
will make feasible increased speed, flexibility, and
economy in command and control systems.
Since superior aerospace systems are dependent
upon strong, technically competent laboratories, the
Command continued to place major emphasis on the
further strengthening of its in-house laboratories.
As a result, Air Force in-house laboratories are now
prime contributors to the nation's over-all aerospace
capabilities. Such laboratories are a necessary, inte-
gral part of the Command resources in acquiring
modern, technically superior systems. They not only
support today's weapon and support systems and
equipment, but also provide the advanced technology
from which new systems will emerge.
Contributions of the in-house laboratories during
the year include development of high- temperature
coatings for space vehicles, a heavy-load grease to
lubricate the sweep wing pivot bearings of the F-111
tactical fighter, micro-miniaturized electronic compo-
nents for use in missile and space systems and self-
sealing walls for space vehicles. Among the other
accomplishments of the in-house laboratories were an
experimental endurance test of an arc-jet space en-
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gine, the successful demonstration of internal thrust
from a supersonic combustion ramjet engine (scram-
jet) and the successful test and evaluation of the
largest diameter rocket motor in the Free World.
Two essential ingredients of a vigorous technology
program are facilities and people. In 1964 the Com-
mand acquired a number of new technical facilities
such as the J-4 Rocket Test Cell dedicated at the
Arnold Engineering Development Center in June and
the Haystack radar research facility dedicated at
Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, in October. Timely acqui-
sition of such facilities continues to be a matter of
great concern. Since they are indispensable in ad-
vancing technology, they must stand at the fore-
front of every development effort. Foresight is needed
to insure early initiation of new technical facilities
that are responsive to future needs and fortitude is
needed to phase-out obsolete facilities.
turnover of the C-141 jet cargo aircraft to the Military
Air Transport Service; the successful first test flight
of the Minuteman II missiles; the first launches of the
Titan IIIA space boosters; and the completion of the
Air Weapons Control System, 412L, network in West
Germany.
The year 1964 marked the tenth anniversary of the
Air Force ballistic missile and space program. It
started the phase-out of the early liquid-fueled ICBMs
-the Atlas and Titan I missiles-as a result of attain-
ing a sizable inventory of Titan II and Minuteman
missiles. This is a dramatic reminder of the rapid
pace missile development has achieved in a single
decade. The formation of the National Range Di-
vision, to manage range resources on a global basis,
also brought an enhancement of the Command's
ability to conduct missile and space testing programs
and to support the national space effort.
Of even greater importance than facilities are
trained and motivated people. During 1964 the Com-
mand continued to make improvements in the career
management program; to conduct vigorous educa-
tional, recruiting, and training programs; and to
further develop career incentives. The active interest
of Air Force Systems Command people in both tech-
nological and management problems was displayed in
the professional meetings sponsored during the year
by the Command and several of its Divisions. All of
these actions were aimed at creating an environment
that is capable of both attracting and retaining the
nation's most competent research scientists, engineers
and managers.
The Command continued to work in close coopera-
tion with the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration. Air Force facilities, hardware, and people
were employed in support of NASA programs, and
NASA centers conducted research work of great in-
terest and value to the Air Force. In September an
agreement providing for assignment of NASA person-
nel to the Air Force when needed was reached.
Progress in technology is fundamental to continuing
national security. The incorporation of new technolo-
gy into advanced aerospace systems is a continual
Command objective. A number of milestones were
attained during the year in the development and de-
ployment of aeronautical, ballistic, space and elec-
tronic systems. These included the rollout and first
flight of the XB-70 and F-111 tactical fighter and the
Among the significant management improvements
introduced during the year was the establishment of
PROM, an activity at Systems Command Headquar-
ters designed to improve program, resources, and
objectives management. PROM provides the Air
Force with procedures for conducting rigorous scien-
tific analysis of new system proposals, taking into
account not only technical excellence, but also such
factors as responsiveness to national defense policy
and strategies, enhancement of military effectiveness
and reasonableness of cost. It also gives a means of
communicating to higher decision levels a better un-
derstanding of the comprehensive analysis that under-
lies Systems Command proposals, and thus should re-
sult in an improved climate for reaching decisions.
All of these activities, together with the many
others also described in this publication, have been
directed toward one objective-the most effective use
of defense resources in attainment of superior aero-
space strength. This is the hallmark of our achieve-
ments during 1964 and will be our constant aim for
the years ahead.
B. A. SCHRIEVER
General, USAF
Commander
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YHE The United States Air Force systems acquisition cycle encompasses research, development, test, engineering, procure-
PRIOR meat and production. The broad process continues to produce high-performance systems and sophisticai`ed technology
YEARS which combine to keep the nation's aerospace force at peak strength. A sampling of achievements in prior years affords
a useful perspective for this year's publication.
First flight of C-141 aircraft.
First flight of X-21, experimental laminar-flow aircraft.
First liftoff test of X-19, experimental V/STOL aircraft.
TITAN II completion and MINUTEMAN deliveries gave Strategic Air Command over 500 ICBMs.
Altitude records by X-15(354,200 feet, over 67 miles) and by NF-104A aircraft (120,800 feet).
First TITAN II ICBM launch by all-Air Force crew.
Milestone launches: 200th THOR IRBM and 100th AGENA upper stage.
T[IOR-DELTA launch vehicle placed SYNCOM II communication satellite in orbit.
First successful launch of the twin nuclear detection satellite (Vela Satellite Program).
First successful orbital launch of ATLAS-CENTAUR.
ATLAS-launched, 22-orbit final flight in Project MERCURY by USAF Major L. G. Cooper.
Successful test firing of solid-propellant rocket motor produced thrust over 1,000,000 pounds.
First demonstration of termination, restart, and throttling in solid-propellant rocket motor.
First launch in ASSET reentry series, launched by TIIOR booster.
Air Force Systems Command test track (Holleman) recorded 2,000th high-speed run.
Third and final BMEWS site (England) became operational.
Final link connected in Air Force radio relay station network between England and Turkey.
First successful operation of a very high-power, continuous-wave microwave transmitting tube.
SAGE underground center became operationally ready.
Orbital flight test of a thermoelectric converter.
Air Force assigned responsibility for developing Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL).
1967 Last R&D test flight of ATLAS ICBM closed an era of rocketry.
Il-52 aircraft traveled non-stop 12,519 miles without refueling.
Acquisition cycle completed for A'CLAS-D, first operational United States ICBM.
First successful launch of ATLAS-F ICBM.
First TITAN I squadron transferred to operational inventory.
Highly successful first launch of advanced TITAN II ICBM.
First three operational MINUTEMAN ICBM flights to Strategic Air Command control.
First GAM-87 SKYBOLT missile launched from B-52 aircraft.
THOR-DELTA launched TELSTAR I, first commercial international communications satellite.
ATLAS-launched NASA MARINER II space probe, passed within 20,000 miles of Venus.
Tri-service geodetic research satellite, ANNA, launched.
First manned orbital flight in NASA Project MERCURY launched by ATLAS-D.
ATLAS-launched NASA RANGER IV delivered first U.S. package on moon.
USAF Major R. M. White won astronaut wings for reaching 59.6 miles altitude in X-15 aircraft.
Rollout of the last of 744 B-52 aircraft completed ten-year production run.
Electrocardiogram data successfully telemetered from pilot in X-15 aircraft.
1961 Completely successful first launch of three-stage MINUTEMAN ICBM.
Both TITAN and MINUTEMAN ICBMs in first successful launches from underground silos.
THOR-DELTA booster launched NASA EXPLORER X.
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First restart of AGENA-B tipper stage while in orbit.
In separate flights, X-15 aircraft exceeded altitude of 41 miles and speed of Mach 6.0.
Official world altitude record set by H-43B helicopter at 32,840 feet.
High-altitude, full-pressure suit standardized.
Responsibility for military space development activities assigned to the Air Force.
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND established.
1960 USAF Captain J. W. Kittinger, Jr., parachuted from record 102,800 foot altitude.
DISCOVERER XIII capsule became first known object recovered from orbital flight.
First long-range ATLAS ICBM flight, 9,000 miles into the Indian Ocean.
First orbital flight of AGENA-B upper stage.
First Ballistic Missile Early Warning System site became operational.
THOR-ABLE placed NASA TIROS I in orbit, opening new era of meteorological study.
THOR-ABLE launched NAVY TRANSIT IB navigational satellite.
THOR-ABLE-STAR launched ARMY COURIER IB communications satellite.
TIIOR-DELTA launched NASA ECHO 1, passive communications satellite.
1959 First AGENA-A upper stage orbited THOR boosted.
First successful launch of GAM-77 air-to-ground missile, from B-52 aircraft.
Liquid rocket engine produced 1,000,000 pounds of thrust in static firing test.
First flight of TITAN ICBM.
1958 PROJECT SCORE placed 4-ton ATLAS in orbit, broadcast Presidential message from space.
First launch over Pacific Missile Range.
First Project ARGUS shot detonated low-yield nuclear device at 300-mile altitude.
THOR launched NASA PIONEER I deep space probe.
First successful launch of ATLAS ICBM.
First successful launch of THOR IRBM.
PROJECT FARSIDE, giant balloon lifted 2 tons of equipment to 104,000 feet.
1956 First flight of B-58 supersonic bomber.
USAF Captain M. G. Apt attained speed of Mach 3.2 in fatal flight of X-2 aircraft.
First vertical-takeoff flight of X-13 VTOL aircraft.
Human subject reached simulated altitude of 37.64 miles in ARDC altitude chamber.
First test firing of Air Force liquid-fuel rocket with thrust over 400,000 pounds.
1955 First flight of YF-105 aircraft.
First flight of modified B-36 aircraft carrying experimental, inactive atomic reactor.
1954 USAF Lieutenant Colonel J. P. Stapp survived 40-g deceleration, highest ever recorded by man.
First flight of XC-123D-experimental boundary-layer-control aircraft.
First side-looking radar model designed, developed, built, and installed in aircraft.
WESTERN DEVELOPMENT DIVISION of ARDC established to direct ICBM development.
1953 First flight of XSM-62 SNARK, subsonic, atmospheric intercontinental missile.
First flight of X-10, prototype for NAVAHO supersonic, atmospheric intercontinental missile.
First test firing of Air Force liquid-fuel rocket with thrust over 200,000 pounds.
1952 First test firing of Air Force liquid-fuel rocket with thrust over 100,000 pounds.
First flight of YB-52 aircraft.
1951 First successful Air Force recovery of animals from rocket flight.
First flight of X-5 experimental aircraft with variable-sweep wings.
1950 First launch over Atlantic Missile Range.
Air Force assigned formal and exclusive responsibility for strategic guided missiles.
AIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND established.
1949 First flight of B-36 aircraft.
Start of construction on DEW Line radar screen.
1948 General H. S. Vandenberg approved an Air Force policy for earth satellite development.
First symposium on space medicine.
1947 First official supersonic flight: USAF Captain C. E. Yeager in X-1 aircraft.
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE established.
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HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS IN 1964
Ballistic Missiles
The ATLAS F and TITAN I acquisition and up-
dating programs were completed during 1964. The
TITAN II research and development program was
completed in April 1964. The acquisition phase of the
TITAN II program was completed in September.
The MINUTEMAN I achieved a peak rate in
launcher turnover to the Strategic Air Command dur-
ing 1964. At year's end, over 700 missiles and silos
were under the operational control of SAC. A signifi-
cant highlight was the completely successful first
MINUTEMAN II R&D launch. The missile, which
will provide increased payload, range and accuracy, is
the only Air Force ballistic missile system currently in
the operational development program.
The Advanced Ballistic Re-Entry System, ABRES,
was identified as the DOD program for advanced
reentry techniques and devices. Successful launches
of both the 2-stage and 4-stage ATHENA missile
highlighted this program during 1964.
Space
Command activities in space ranged from space
oriented technology and equipment development to
orbital launches. Experimental programs have pro-
vided a base for further development of an ionospher-
ic satellite-to-satellite communication system and
techniques to protect spacecraft from severe damage
or destruction due to micrometeoroid impact. High-
speed sled tests of the guidance systems for CEN-
TAUR and SATURN were completed during the year
in support of NASA space programs.
Highlights included a second successful launch in
the Vela Satellite Program, placing an additional pair
of nuclear detection satellites in near perfect orbits.
The USAF ATLAS/AGENA combination launched
the NASA RANGER 7 on its successful photographic
mission to the moon and MARINER 4 on its way to
Mars. The first test launch of the "man-rated" TITAN
II GEMINI Launch Vehicle was highly successful.
The Standard Launch Vehicle 5A, Titan III, com-
pleted two highly successful test launches in 1964.
The Manned Orbiting Laboratory program, assigned
to AFSC late in 1963, is well along in the pre-
definition phase.
The first flight of the XB-70 was a major highlight
in research and experimental aircraft operations in
1964. During the third flight, the aircraft exceeded
Mach 1 for the first time. An advanced. version of
the X-15, designed to extend the speed and altitude
range of this family of experimental aircraft to Mach
8, was delivered in early 1964. In the tri-service
Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing aircraft family,
highlights include first vertical flight of the tilt-wing
XC--142, the delivery of the tilting propeller X-19 and
successful demonstration of laminar flow control
techniques by the X-21.
The first flight of the F-111A supersonic fighter
developed for both the Air Force and the Navy
occurred on 21 December 1964. The YF-12A, a long-
range Mach 3 interceptor, was delivered to Edwards
AFB in March 1964. This aircraft, and its sister ships
in other configurations, will make major contributions
to the interception and reconnaissance capabilities.
The C-141, Starlifter, test fleet was increased to 11
aircraft, including delivery of three aircraft to the
MATS Transition Training Unit.
Over 1,000 combat and support aircraft were deliv-
ered to Air Force commands and the Military Assist-
ance Program in 1964. Acquisition programs for the
F-105D, F-105F, F-104G, T-37C, UH-34, KC-135
and the GAM-83A were completed during 1964.
Air Defense Command's ability to detect, track and
identify objects in space was enhanced by delivery of
new equipment. Advanced detection, identification
and tracking systems are undergoing development and
test. A mobile command post has been delivered to
the Commander-in-Chief/Strike Command. New
communications systems-the links between the deci-
sions of the Commander and his forces-also improved
aerospace defense.
HAYSTACK, a space age radio research facility,
was placed in operation at Tyngsboro, Massachusetts.
This facility is the forerunner of a new generation of
radio communication, radar and radio astronomy an-
tenna. systems.
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Technology Personnel
In the continuing struggle to reduce structural
weights for high performance vehicles and propulsion
units, major technical advances were made. The cap-
ability to produce continuous filaments of composite
structural materials employing elemental boron and
tungsten was successfully demonstrated by the Air
Force Materials Laboratory. The successful extra-
polation of this technique to a quantity production
process will permit drastic weight reductions in air-
craft, missile and space systems. Coating composi-
tions have been formulated which will increase the
operating temperatures of propulsion units employing
certain columbium, tungsten, and tantalum alloys.
Operating temperatures ranging from 30000 to 3500?F
are now possible for propulsion units using these new
coating compositions.
Highlights in propulsion technology ranged from
an experimental demonstration of a ground test ver-
sion supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) engine
and a 500-hour endurance test of an arc-jet engine,
that weighs approximately ten pounds, for space
applications, to the successful test firing of the world's
largest solid propellant rocket engine.
Simulated nuclear explosions can now be created
in the laboratory. An exploding wire device which
closely simulates some effects of such explosions has
been developed and is currently in operation at the
Air Force Weapons Laboratory. The device will per-
mit study of the effects of nuclear explosions without
requiring explosions in the atmosphere.
To increase firepower available in support of air-
ground operations a series of externally mounted,
high-rate-of-fire gun pods has been developed. These
pods are compatible with such aircraft as the B-26,
YAT-28 and Al-E as well as the high speed F-4C,
F-105 and F-111. After a successful test program,
quantity production started late in the year.
Fabrication of instant airstrips by dropping or
spraying a plastic-resin material from low-flying air-
craft was investigated. Such landing sites would be
available for operational use in approximately 15 min-
utes. A full-scale evaluation of a 60-foot pad of the
material using an experimental VTOL aircraft was
successfully completed in June.
Professionalism was stressed by sponsorship or
active participation in such activities as establishment
of the Tennessee Space Institute, University of Florida
GENESYS program, DOD Weapon System Manage-
ment Center and the Ohio State University extension
program and AFIT system management courses at
Wright-Patterson AFB.
In this essential and frequently pacing area, some
encouraging progress was shown during 1964. Notable
achievements were the approval of the Altitude Pro-
pulsion Research Facility at Edwards AFB and the
100-inch Collimator Facility at Wright-Patterson AFB.
The Radar Target Scatter Site, for measurement of
the radar cross-section of reentry vehicles and other
aerospace craft, and the Nuclear Effects Simulator
became operational in 1964. A space environmental
test chamber which can produce temperatures down
to -300?F and pressure altitudes in excess of one
million feet was installed at Holloman AFB.
Other major facilities such as the Lo-Density Tun-
nel Pilot Model, Acoustic Test Facility and the Dy-
namic Escape Simulator, were under construction
during 1964.
Management
The continuing challenges facing management in
the dynamic environment in which the Command
must operate provided the setting for many manage-
ment innovations and refinements. The PROM con-
cept, which allows management to exercise options
in arriving at well-balanced technology and system
programs, was initiated. Increased efficiency in logistic
support capabilities and procurement methods within
the Air Force laboratories resulted from the efforts
of task groups setup to identify and eliminate unwar-
ranted constraints adversely affecting operations.
Methods and techniques, proven by operating ex-
perience, were published as AFSC manuals to assure
consistency and training in the system management
process. Concerted effort was devoted to projects to
strengthen cost estimating and control. The National
Range Division was established to manage and oper-
ate the National Global Range. Management emphasis
succeeded in realizing a cost reduction of $503 million
in 1964.
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SYSTEMS DELIVERED
W -105
Thunderchief
~-104
atarfighter
KC-135
Stratotanker
C-1 30
glercules
C-141
Starlifter
Initial delivery of F-4C aircraft to the Tactical Air Command occurred in January. A
total of 269 F-4Cs, produced by McDonnell were delivered in 1964. First flight of the
RF-4C, the reconnaissance version of the F-4C, took place in May and delivery of the
first aircraft to the Tactical Air Command was made in September. An additional 23
RF-4Cs were delivered during the balance of the year.
Deliveries by Republic of the F-105D, first airplane designed for all-weather tactical air
missions, were completed in January. Deliveries of the two-place version, F-105F, de-
veloped for operational and training use, were completed, as scheduled, in December.
The F-104G Military Assistance Program was essentially completed with the last US
produced airplane for Grant Aid Assistance delivered in December. This terminates a
4-year program which has provided a first line Mach 2 fighter to our NATO allies.
The F-5 program is well underway and flight testing of the Northrop developed air-
craft has been completed. Production aircraft, with complete support equipment, have
been delivered to Williams AFB, Arizona, where classes of foreign pilots are in training.
Aircraft for delivery under the Military Assistance Program are in production.
The KC-135, produced by Boeing, is a jet tanker aircraft capable of refueling the
B-47, B-52, B-58 and Century series fighters. The tanker can off-load 116,000 pounds
of fuel to receiver aircraft. It can also be used to haul cargo and personnel. The sixty-
six aircraft delivered in 1964 completed. a program that produced a total of 732 aircraft.
During 1964, Lockheed delivered 128 C-130E medium cargo transports. Also delivered
during this period were five C-130s for the Military Assistance Program. The major
improvement in this aircraft over the C-130B is the extended range obtained by addi-
tion of two external pylon tanks.
Lockheed increased the Category I test fleet to the programmed five aircraft during the
early part of 1964. In addition, three Category II test aircraft were delivered, and the
Transition Training Unit of MATS received the first three of their programmed four-
teen aircraft on schedule. The first operational squadron will receive aircraft in 1965.
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T-41 Early in 1964, AFSC conducted a two-step competitive procurement for 170 conven-
tional, light, single-engine aircraft. The Cessna Aircraft Company was the low bidder
among three contractors remaining in the competition after the technical evaluation
phase, The T-41A trainer is the Contractor's Model 172F. One trainer was delivered
in 1964; the remaining 169 T-41A aircraft will be delivered from 1965 production.
T-38 An additional 144 T-38 aircraft were delivered by Northrop to the Training Command.
Talon The T-38, a high altitude, supersonic, twin-engine aircraft, is used for supersonic flight
training of Air 'Force pilots.
T-37 The T-37 is a twin-jet intermediate trainer which features side-by-side seating of
student and instructor. Cessna delivered 14 T-37B aircraft against the USAF schedule
during the year. The Military Assistance Program was completed with delivery of 34
T-37C aircraft.
U-17 The U-17 is a single engine, high-wing monoplane available commercially as the Cessna
Model 185 Skywagon. It is designed to conduct a wide variety of load-carrying missions.
The Military Assistance Program received two aircraft in 1964.
CH-47 CH-47A is a tandem rotor, amphibious transport helicopter being built by the Boeing
Chinook Vertol Company for the Army. CH-47A has a range of 200 nautical miles carrying a
3-ton payload or 30 Army combat troops. There were 37 aircraft accepted this year,
giving an over-all production through 1964 of 80 helicopters.
CH-3 The CH-3 is a single-rotor, long-range, rear-loading cargo/passenger helicopter with am-
phibious capabilities. The CII-3C has a 400-nautical-mile range with a 3,000 lb. payload.
Sikorsky delivered a total of 18 CH-3 helicopters during 1964 making a total of 26
produced to date.
HH-43 The HH-43 is a general utility helicopter produced by Karnan whose intermeshing
Huskie rotors overcome torque and require no tail rotor. Air Force deliveries were completed in
December 1963. The 24 helicopters delivered in 1964 were applied to Army Program
and Military Assistance Program requirements.
UH-34 Sikorsky continued to deliver this helicopter for the Military Assistance Program. It is
Choctaw designed to carry 12 to 18 passengers, eight litters, or a two-ton payload and features
folding rotor and tail assembly. The eleven helicopters delivered during this year com-
pleted the program.
UH-1 The UH-1F, produced by Bell, is a single-rotor helicopter with a 6,600 pound design
Iroquois gross weight. It can carry 9 passengers, 2,000 pounds of cargo or three litter
patients.
The aircraft is a modified version of the Army UH-1B configured to conform to specific
Air Force requirements. The UH-1F made its first flight in February 1964. Eighteen
aircraft were produced during the year.
BQM-34 The BQM-34A drone is a high subsonic aerial target, ground or air launched. It is used
Firebee for R&D testing of air-to-air missiles and for pilot proficiency training in operational
units. Ryan delivered 59 units to the Air Force in 1964.
GAM-83 The GAM-83 Bullpup, built by Martin Orlando, was initially introduced into the Air
Bullpup Force inventory in 1959. It is an air-to-surface tactical missile launched from fighter
aircraft, The Air Force procurement program was completed with the delivery of the
last missile in August 1964.
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Anti-Satellite in announcing two operational anti-satellite systems, the President said: "We now have
System developed and tested two systems with the ability to intercept and destroy armed satel-
lites circling the earth in space. I can tell you now that these systems are in space, they
are operationally ready, and they are on alert to protect this nation and the free world."
One system was developed and successfully tested by the US Air Force one year after
receipt of program go-ahead.
Vela Satellite The second successful launch in the Vela Program added two more satellites to the pair
Program launched in 1963. Functioning with exceptional reliability in orbits over 60,000 miles
above the earth, these satellites are gathering data that is expected to provide sufficient
information to design a world-wide nuclear detection satellite system.
Launch Vehicles The first of three "man-rated" Titan IIs, delivered for use in the NASA Project Gemini,
and Stages was successfully launched on tho initial attempt after a flawless countdown. Delivery
of space "workhorses" continued with 60 launch vehicles and 31 stages accepted by users.
The launch vehicles included 37 Thor (LV-2), 20 Atlas (LV-3), and three Titan II
(LV-4). The stages included 29 second stage Agena (S-01) and two Able-Star (S-03).
Minuteman Site activation proceeded on schedule and achieved a peak rate of turnover of launchers
ICBM to the Strategic Air Command of better than one per day during the January to June
time period. At year's end over 700 missiles and silos were under SAC's operational
control. In-commission rates have been experienced which are the highest in missile
history and which exceed the forecasted predictions.
titan Updating of the Titan I weapon system was completed in August 1964. Titan II re-
ICBM search and development flight testing was terminated in April 1964 with 24 successful
h Th ' ition
c
uis
Atlas
ICBM
q
flights and 8 partially successful flights in a program or 33 launc es. E, a
phase was completed on 30 September 1964 when responsibility for engineering sup-
port and service was transitioned to the Air Force Logistics Command. In November,
the Strategic Air Command completed the very successful Demonstration and Shake-
down Operations, DASO, with all five missiles impacting in the target area.
In February 1964, the asquisition of the last of the Atlas series was completed and the
Air Force Logistics Command accepted engineering responsibility for the Atlas F
weapon system. Updating of the Atlas F force was successfully completed in October
1964, three months ahead of the originally negotiated date.
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BMEWS The Ballistic Missile Early Warning System was declared fully operational in mid-
January and was turned over to the Air Defense Command following four months of
exhaustive testing of the third and final site at Fylingdales, England. Other sites are
at Clear, Alaska, and Thule, Greenland.
Cloud Radar Precise measurement for bases and tops of successive cloud layers-data previously not
available to Air Force weather forecasters-was made possible by the AN/TRQ-11 radar
cloud detecting set. This is the first major piece of equipment produced under the
433L Weather Observing and Forecasting System, which is charged with the responsi-
bility of modernizing equipment and procedures of the Air Weather Service.
USSTRICOM A prototype joint Airborne Communications Center/Command Post was delivered to
Strike Command. It was tested during a major exercise and is in daily use by STRICOM.
The system, now in operational development test, will give CINCSTRIKE a mobile
command post that can be flown to any trouble spot in the world and operated enroute.
NUDETS A Nuclear Detonation Detection and Reporting System network was turned over in mid-
year to the Air Defense Command. This system uses electromagnetic, optical and seis-
mic sensing devices to gather data on nuclear explosions within its area of observation.
Even though subsequently destroyed, the sensors dispatch their messages prior to any
nuclear blast damage.
AWCS A seven-site Air Weapons Control System network in West Germany went into opera-
tion in August. This system blends radar stations, communications links, computer and
display equipment into a dual-purpose network for directing air defense and tactical
operations.
Green Pine Increased distance and reliability were added to the communications link between con-
tinental ground stations and aircraft of the Strategic Air Command flying in the far
north and Arctic regions. These improvements strengthen the existing communications
network and also permit alternate communications to Strategic Air Command aircraft
in the event of high frequency black-out.
Big Rally II A transportable communication system linking military centers in Italy, Greece and
Turkey was turned over to the Air Force Communication Service. For the first time,
Air Force commanders can telephone directly from the United States over military cir-
cuits to key installations in the three countries.
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TECHNOLOGY AND TEST
Technology
National security-in terms of both military and economic strength-demands
that technology move strongly forward. Advances in technology are not the
exclusive property of any one nation, but are potentially available to any nation
willing to devote effort to achieve them. The task is to assure the advances are
used to strengthen the cause of free nations. The ensuing are illustrative of
AFSC laboratory and test center efforts.
A technical breakthrough, which may drastically
reduce the structural weight of missile and other high-
performance systems, was made by the Materials
Laboratory. The capability to produce continuous
high-modulus, high-strength, low-density filaments of
elemental boron deposited on a 0.005-inch diameter
tungsten wire was demonstrated in the laboratory.
The filament tensile strength is equal to that of the
best glass fibers, a density slightly lower, and a stiff-
ness about five times that of glass fibers. This com-
bination of strength, lightness and stiffness makes pos-
sible the production of very strong structural compos-
ites similar to fiberglas but with much greater stiff-
ness at no increase in weight. The composite thus
formed is potentially as strong as high-strength steels,
as structurally rigid as a beryllium composite, light
as magnesium and is highly corrosive resistant.
Refractory materials and coatings are fundamental
to advanced propulsion systems and aerospace vehi-
cles. When properly coated for protection against
oxidation, refractory metals such as columbium,
molybdenum, tantalum and tungsten can resist tem-
peratures up to 2000?F. Coatings usable up to 3000?F
have been developed for columbium and some tanta-
lum alloys. Alloys of tantalum containing 10% tung-
sten coated with a tin-aluminum alloy have been used
in radiation-cooled attitude controlled thrust chambers
on the Agena vehicle. Coating compositions have also
been formulated which may protect tungsten up to
3500?F.
An experimental heavy load grease developed as a
result of in-house research at the Materials Laboratory
exceeded requirements for lubricating the variable
sweep wing pivot bearings on the F-111. This use
involves extremely heavy loads over a wide temper-
ature range. Of the many lubricants evaluated, this
grease is the only one which met all the requirements
for this specific application.
Until recently the use of beryllium was limited by
its lack of ductility. Under a Materials Laboratory
program, a useful degree of ductility in beryllium
sheet of moderate thickness was achieved without ap-
preciable sacrifice of other properties. This made
possible the all beryllium interstage connector for the
Minuteman ICBM. This unit is 50% lighter than the
previous aluminump structure.
Space Communications
A research program at the Avionics Laboratory is
under way to provide beyond line-of-sigl:ht communi-
cation between aerospace vehicles and vehicle-to-
ground communication using ionospheric duct
propagation modes. Propagation was obtained at fre-
quencies of 23, 30 and 40 megacycles a second over
distances between 6,000 and 8,000 kilometers. All
frequencies exceeded the predicted maximum usable
frequency. An ionospheric satellite-to-satellite com-
munication experiment is planned. Design and con-
struction of the satellite transmitter and :receiver pay-
loads is under way. Satellites in a nearly circular low
altitude orbit will provide valuable information on the
position and characteristics of duct boundaries and
other essential data.
Molecular Electronics
Molecular electronics achieved the size, weight and
reliability requirements for incorporation in the Min-
uteman II and Apollo computers making increased
payloads possible. Techniques are being developed
to combine the properties of matter into functional
electronic blocks. A complete molecular electronic
radar system is being developed.
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Instant Airstrips
Engineers of the Aero Propulsion Laboratory are
investigating an aerially delivered plastic-resin materi-
al for rapid preparation of landing sites for future jet
vertical take-off and landing aircraft. Operational
VTOL aircraft would drop or spray the semi-liquid
preparation in forward areas and land on it fifteen
minutes later. In June, a 60-foot pad was fabricated
at Moffett Field, California, for full scale evaluation
using the X-14 vertical take-off aircraft. In this test
neither the 1500?F temperature nor the wheel loads
adversely affected the rapidly prepared pad. The X-
14, the French Balzac, and the German VJ-IOIC will
be used in further development testing of instant
airstrip tests during 1965.
High Mach Facility
High Mach number altitude simulation for aero-
dynamic and propulsion systems is now limited by
the pressure and temperature to which air can he
raised before expansion through a conventional wind
tunnel nozzle. For test durations longer than frac-
tions of a second, the present limit for true tempera-
ture simulation is about Mach 7. Pilot facilities have
been operated at AEDC to investigate the feasibility
of significantly extending the present simulation limit
by accelerating ionized particles in the air stream
using combined magnetic and electric fields. Results
to date are encouraging, and it is anticipated that
speeds approaching planetary escape velocity can
eventually he accurately simulated in ground test
facilities.
Conventional Armament
A series of externally mounted gun pods for use
on tactical aircraft in support of air-ground operations
are under development by the Armament Engineering
and Evaluation Group. The caliber 7.62mm gun pod
mounts the GAU-2 Gatling gun, which fires at a rate
of 6000 rounds per minute. Performance tests to date
have been outstanding. Test models of a 20mm gun
pod were completed in June 1963 and evaluated in
competiton with other systems before being selected
for standardization. The pod contains the M61A1 gun,
which fires at a rate of 6000 rounds per minute. It
was designed primarily to fill the gun pod require-
ments for the F-4C. It is also compatible with the
F-100, F-105, and F-111. Quantity production began
late this year.
Solid Rocket Propulsion
On 28 May 1964 the free world's largest diameter
rocket motor was test fired. During the two minute
firing, the 75-foot tall, 156-inch diameter motor de-
veloped over one million pounds of thrust. In addi-
tion to demonstrating the feasibility of developing,
fabricating, transporting and firing an ultra-large solid
propellant motor, Rocket Propulsion Laboratory en-
gineers were able to evaluate the rocket's jet tab
thrust vector control system, ablatively cooled plastic
nozzle throat and 18% nickel maraging steel case. All
components were the largest ever made and tested
for the Air Force. The motor is providing critical
research data for development of reliable, low cost,
propulsion systems for future weapon and space sys-
tem application.
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Automatic Language Translation
The automatic translation of foreign languages is
required to provide the nation's scientists and en-
gineers with accurate and useful information in the
shortest possible time. The Mark II Russian-to-English
automatic translator, was developed by scientists of
the Rome Air Deveploment Center and installed at the
Foreign Technology Division to assist in solving the
translation problem. The new equipment is capable
of translating three million words a month, using a
photoscopic disc memory dictionary of 150,000 words.
A major difficulty in preparing Oriental languages
for data processing is the development of a method
of coding the ideographic characters. A research ef-
fort resulted in the development of the Sinowriter for
coding more than 10,000 different Chinese characters
to a form for use in processing machines. This is an
inexpensive machine which can be operated by typists
who are not familiar with the Chinese language. In
two weeks typists can attain a speed of 40 characters
a minute, or the equivalent of about 40 words a min-
ute in English.
Three-D Vision
The Weapons Laboratory has taken delivery of a
vehicle which has three-dimensional vision and two
19-foot robot arms. The vehicle will be used as a
laboratory test bed to determine the value of un-
manned radio controlled vehicles for operations in
areas of hazardous radiation. Four television cameras
are mounted between the two robot arms. The cam-
eras, which are one foot long and three inches in di-
ameter, serve as the eyes of the operator in the con-
trol van. Depth perception is such that the operator,
located a mile away, can pick up an object the size of
a lead pencil with one of the robot arms. When fully
extended the arms can each lift 600 pounds. They have
a grip force of 3000 pounds, yet are dexterous enough
to turn bolts and operate a variety of power tools.
Self-Sealing Satellites
Perforation of aerospace vehicles by micromete-
oroids can result in loss of the life supporting internal
atmosphere in the spacecraft. To counter this eventu-
ality, the Materials Laboratory has developed a novel
method of self-sealing such punctures. The method
entails the establishment of two spaced impermeable
barriers next to the vehicle outer wall, A stable
prepolymer fluid is placed within the barrier next to
the vehicle outer wall, and a polymerization fluid is
placed between the two impermeable barriers. When
puncture occurs, the fluids mix and solidify, resulting
in self-sealing the puncture. This concept has been
evaluated by firing metal particles through specimens
under vacuum conditions, simulating a space environ-
ment. Repeated tests have shown a high degree of
rep:roductivity of self-sealing.
Energy Conversion
The world's largest solar tracking facility was un-
veiled and demonstrated in October 1964. The facility
is a major step in a long-range program to develop a
system to provide continuous electrical power for
future space missions. In operation, the solar tracking
unit automatically locks onto the sun and accurately
follows its path across the sky. This is accomplished
by solar sensing devices which keep the 22-ton unit in
perfect alignment with the sun. The 45-foot concen-
trator focuses the intense rays of the sun into a spot
approximately eight inches in diameter. The facility
will he used to test components for the Advanced
Solar Turbo-Electric Concept Program.
Advanced Propulsion
An experimental arc-jet space engine completed a
500-hour endurance test early in 1964. The continuous
operation for this period of time is a significant ad-
vance in electrical propulsion research. The engine,
weighing ten pounds, is regeneratively cooled and
uses a hydrogen propellant. It has a specific impulse
greater than 1000 seconds and an efficiency of 55%.
During the 500-hour qualification test no significant
deterioration occurred in the engine. Further tests,
to increase reliability, will be conducted in the Aero
Propulsion Laboratory's chambers.
The first successful demonstration of internal thrust
from a supersonic combustion ramjet engine (scram-
jet) was completed in late 1964. The test was one of
a series to demonstrate that scramjet engines can be
developed for very high speed vehicles. Test condi-
tions in the 30-inch-long scramjet simulated a speed
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of approximately six times that of sound over a brief
burning period. The engine was a boiler plate model
only. However, test conditions inside the engine inlet,
combustor, and nozzle were the same as expected in
actual hypersonic vehicle applications. Scramjets
differ from conventional engines in that they have
moving parts only in the fuel feed system and pro-
duce thrust by burning fuel in a supersonic air stream.
The Radar Target Scatter Site has been established
to be the national radar reflectivity measurement site.
The site, located on the Alkali Flats near Holloman
AFB, is available for use by all government agencies.
It is used to measure the actual or full-scale static
radar reflectivity of nose cones, reentry vehicles and
other aerospace craft. It is also used to establish and
validate aerospace vehicle design criteria. Attaining
quality data is paramount. For the first time bistatic
measurements of full-scale models have been ob-
tained. To date over 4000 radar reflectivity measure-
ments have been made. The objective set for RAT
SCAT is to provide a reflectivity measurement range
so that the quality of measurements obtained will be
universally accepted as scientific data. The site repre-
sents an appreciable extension of the state of the art
in radar reflectivity measurement. This is an in-house
effort with Rome Air Development Center responsible
for instrumentation development and the Missile De-
velopment Center responsible for site operation and
maintenance.
Nuclear Effects Simulation
The treaty banning atmospheric nuclear testing
necessitates a laboratory research program in the
simulation of nuclear effects and their analysis. An
exploding wire device has been developed and is
operating at the Weapons Laboratory in a program
to simulate nuclear explosion effects. The device can
discharge 20 billion watts of power-the equivalent of
that generated by 10 Grand Coulee dams-in a pulse
lasting over 50 billionths of a second. The device,
charged by conventional power sources, requires about
two minutes to store the energy. The very high tem-
peratures generated in short time periods cause the
wire to explode violently. This creates similarities
with nuclear explosions allowing study of nuclear
effects in the laboratory.
Space Flight Test
The first in a series of Titan III-A boosters was
launched at the Air Force Eastern Test Range. All
phases of the booster portion of the flight worked
well; but, due to apparent failure of a valve in the
transtage pressurization system, thrust decayed and
the payload did not achieve orbit. The Titan III-C
which has a configuration that employs the Titan III-
A with two additional 120-inch diameter solid propel-
lant boosters for initial thrust will be used to place the
Manned Qrbiting Laboratory in space.
The first Titan II-Gemini launch took place during
the year and an unmanned payload was placed in
orbit. The first manned orbital flight with the two-
man Gemini spacecraft is expected early in 1965.
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Bernard A. Schriever
General, USAF
Commander
Jerry D. Page
Major General, USAF
DCS/Plans
Gerhard J. Schriever
Colonel, USAF
DCS/Personnel
Benjamin A. Strickland, Jr. Adrian W. Tolen
Brigadier General, USAF Brigadier General, USAF
Command Surgeon Staff Judge Advocate
Lieutenant General, USAF
Vice Commander
Joseph ~t,u,Cody. Jri"
11 let General, USAF
Chief of Staff .
Gerald F. Keeling Wendell E. Carter
Major General, USAF Brigadier General, USAF
DCS/Procurement DCS/Comptroller
and Production ~.?
Raymond S. Sleeper
Colonel, USAF
DCS/Foreign Technology
John R. V. Dickson
Colonel, USAF
Inspector General
Calvin W. Fite, Jr.
Colonel, USAF
DCS/Materiel
John P. Fellows
Colonel, USAF
Chaplain
Robert H. Cobb
Colonel, USAF
Acting DCS/Systems
Bernard W. Marschner
Colonel, USAF
DCS/Science and Technology
Leighton I, Davis
Lieutenant General, USAF
Deputy Commander for
G,rbol Range
Colonel, USAF Colonel, USAF
Director, Manpower and Director, Office of
Organization Information
Russell D. Hale John F. Rash Coy T. Sevier James B. Hilton Colin U . uiey, u.
Marvin J. Franger Lieutenant Colonel, USA
Colonel, USAF Colonel, USAF Colonel, USAF Colonel, USAF
Captain, USN ff dq a t Commandant Command Secretariat Chief, Army Field Office
Navy "aisonApprovea-I: r"0e~ease f ~df P1~v :CIA-RDP69B00596R000100190080-8
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Osrnond J. Ritland
Major General, USAF
Deputy Commander for
Space
William R. Large Henry G. MacDonald Fred L. Rennels, Jr.
Colonel, USAF Colonel, USAF Colonel, USAF
Commander, ECMR Commander, CCMR Commander, WCMR
Dr. B. H. Goethert
Chief Scientist
dw
Ernest A. Kiessling
Colonel, USAF
Assistant for
Management Policy
Carl Arnold
Colonel, USAF
Director
Prorn Central
Leighton I. Davis Be,, I. Funk Marvin C. Demler
Lieutenant General, USAF Major General, USAF Major General, USAF
Commander, NRD Commander, SSD Commander, RTD
Major General, USAF Major General, USAF Brigadier General, USAF Brigadier General, USAF Colonel, USAF
Carnmander, APGC Commander, AFSWC Commander, AFFTC Commander, AEDC Commander, AFMDC
Charles H. Terhune, Jr.
Major General, USAF
Commander, ASD
James E. Roberts John W. White Irving I. Branch Lee V. Gossick Ralph S. Garman
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DIVISIONS, CENTERS AND REGIONS-of SYSTEMS COMMAND
AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS DIVISION-ASD
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
ASD is responsible for development, acquisition
and delivery of aircraft, nonballistic missiles and re-
lated equipment. This Division conducts programs in
the fields of limited war, counterinsurgency and re-
connaissance.
SPACE SYSTEMS DIVISION-SSD
AF Unit Post Office, Los Angeles, California
Development, acquisition and launch of space vehi-
cles and research satellites are responsibilities of this
Division. These responsibilities include launch sup-
port, on-orbit control and retrieval.
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIVISION-FTD
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
FTD acquires, analyzes, and disseminates foreign
scientific and technical information to provide assess-
ment: of foreign technology for application in the de-
velopment of the Air Force weapons systems.
AEROSPACE MEDICAL DIVISION-AMD
Brooks AFB, Texas
AMD conducts bioastronautics research and devel-
opment in support of aerospace programs, the USAF
personnel system, clinical and aerospace medicine,
and provides specialized educational programs in
aerospace medicine.
BALLISTIC SYSTEMS DIVISION-BSD
Norton AFB, California
13SD manages Air Force ballistic missile acquisition
programs and DOD programs for Advanced Ballistic
Re-Entry Systems. Responsibilities begin with system
concepts, include development, production, delivery
of operational systems and site activations.
ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS DIVISION-ESD
L. G. Hanscom Field, Massachusetts
ESD is responsible for development, acquisition
and delivery of electronic systems and equipment for
command and control of aerospace forces. This in-
cludes ground-based warning, aerospace support sys-
tems, satellite tracking and ground assessment of ob-
jects in space.
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION-RTD
Boiling AFB, Washington, D.C.
RTD is responsible for maintenance of a broad base
of exploratory and advanced technology programs to
aid in timely development of aerospace systems. Its
laboratories cover electromagnetic, avionic, flight dy-
namics, materials, rocket propulsion, aero-propulsion
and weapons technologies.
NATIONAL RANGE DIVISION-NRD
Andrews AFB, Washington, D.C.
NRD plans, operates and maintains assigned range
facilities in support of national ballistic missile and
space programs. This recently established Division
provides a major step forward in range management
within the Defense Department.
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AIR FORCE SPECIAL WEAPONS CENTER-AFSWC
Kirtland AFB, New Mexico
AFSWC is responsible for conducting tests and
providing operational and technical support in the
fields of nuclear effects and applications for weapon
systems.
AIR FORCE MISSILE DEVELOPMENT CENTER-AFMDC
Holleman AFB, New Mexico
This Center tests air-to-air and ground-to-ground
missiles, target drones, ballistic missile nose cones and
reentry aids and executes Air Force responsibilities
at the White Sands Missile Range.
ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER-AEDC
Arnold AFS, Tennessee
The unique wind tunnels and space simulators at
AEDC support research, development, test and evalu-
ation of aerospace systems. These facilities provide
support to both military R&D programs as well as
those of NASA and other government agencies.
EASTERN CONTRACT MANAGEMENT REGION-ECMR
Olmsted AFB, Pennsylvania
ECMR manages and administers contracts with in-
dustry for DOD and other government agencies. The
geographic area administered covers the 19 eastern
states, District of Columbia, Caribbean area, Iceland,
Greenland, Bahamas, Bermuda, Ascension Island,
Puerto Rico and Central and South America.
AIR FORCE FLIGHT TEST CENTER-AFFTC
Edwards AFB, California
This Center conducts and provides support for tests
of aircraft systems, operates the aerospace pilot school
and supports rocket propulsion, laboratory and testing
activities conducted at this base.
CENTRAL CONTRACT MANAGEMENT REGION-CCMR
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
This Region manages and administers DOD and
other government agency contracts with industry
which have been placed in the 18 central states,
Canadian Provinces and Mexico.
AIR PROVING GROUND CENTER-APGC
Eglin AFB, Florida
This Center provides an operational test environ-
ment for aircraft and nonballistic missiles, provides
support to the Tactical Air Warfare Center and is
responsible for development and operation of the
Gulf Test Range.
WESTERN CONTRACT MANAGEMENT REGION-WCMR
AF Unit Post Office, Los Angeles, California
WCMR manages and administers contracts with in-
dustry for DOD and other government agencies. The
geographic area under WCMR cognizance covers
the 13 western states, including Alaska and Hawaii.
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F'MMANAGEMENT HIGHLIGHTS
As it is important to strive for new advances in technology, it is equally important
to find more effective ways to manage research and development efforts. The key
to technical progress is innovation-the use of fresh insights and new approaches.
The need for innovation is not confined to technical areas. It is equally needed in
management, administration and procurement areas. Innovation, intelligent appli-
cation, and cooperative efforts are essential keys to the solution of management
problems. Selected representative Systems Command items follow:
"rom
This management concept was implemented in May
of this year. The acronym PROM is drawn from
Program Management, Resources Management, and
Objectives Management. It is a management tech-
nique employed at Headquarters AFSC to improve
management visibility, to increase staff interaction,
and provide analysis of Command decisions and pro-
posals. PROM Central serves as the nerve center for
PROM activities. Its principal functions are providing
an operating environment, specialized analytical
techniques, and display devices to assist decision-
making on future programs. The PROM Central
workroom displays the dollar cost of currently ap-
proved programs and the intermediate and long-range
plan for a fiscal period ten years into the future in the
context of the total force structure. The concept
requires daily interaction among staff elements by
participation in PROM-generated actions. Thus, it
provides an effective means for interplay between
desired planning objectives, resources and alternate
solutions. PROM will provide an ideal method to
exercise management options to achieve well balanced
programs, within budgets in consonance with Air
Force and Defense Department objectives.
Automation
The continuing Command program aimed at ex-
pediting the availability of management information
received considerable impetus with the installation of
advanced real time computers at eight key sites. A
primary feature of the system is the real time capa-
bility through remote input and inquiry devices which
eliminates the delay associated with other systems. A
standard financial management system was installed
at each site as the first application in real time. Thus,
financial managers at field level are instantly advised
on status; and concurrently, other managers have fi-
nancial information immediately available. Support of
the system management process was enhanced by
the automation of Rainbow milestone reporting and
an application to control aircraft and missile utiliza-
tion, Additional major applications nearing completion
are computerizing PERT/Cost and Contractor Data
Management information. A test is planned for early
1965 to automate essential information in the person-
nel functional area at Division and Center level. Con-
stant improvements, such as addition of ultra-high
speed printers and tape drives, continue to increase
the capabilities of the computer system.
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Technological Management
A dynamic Long Range Plan supplementing the
AFSC Technological War Plan was produced, deline-
ating the proposed course of Air Force Exploratory/
Advanced Development in future years. The Plan is
inclusive as it considers projected resource availability,
and packages necessary manpower, funds and facili-
ties with specific areas of technical effort. It is ob-
jective-oriented as it correlates technical programs
with system applications and over-all Air Force plans
and requirements. A series of reviews of in-house
programs was initiated to assure proper orientation
and coordination. Review panels composed of eminent
scientists from government agencies, industry, and
educational institutions, chaired by the Research and
Technology Division's Scientific Director, examined
laboratory plans and programs in several scientific
disciplines.
Program Office. The second provides a road map for
accomplishing the Program Definition Phase. The last
provides a controlled data list from which contract
data requirements must be selected. By-products of
the revised Configuration Management Manual in-
clude an integrated configuration accounting system
and a cost accomplishment/cost-to-completion system.
Procedures were also formalized for initiating and ter-
minating programs when system management is used.
Many essential functional responsibilities have been
aligned to the system management process. Logistics
efforts related to Logistics Command's system support
task as opposed to Systems Command's activation task
were identified and separated to the advantage of
both Commands. A study effort titled "Presentation
of Information for Maintenance and Operations" was
initiated to compare effectiveness of the current tech-
nical data presentation system to a system using ad-
vanced audio-visual techniques.
Closer relations between the Research and Tech-
nology and the Systems Divisions were promoted by
high level meetings. These meetings assist in aligning
exploratory and advanced development programs with
system requirements and permit Systems Divisions'
personnel to become intimately aware of trends in
technology which can form the building blocks for
future systems.
AFSC has significantly enlarged the foreign scien-
tific and technological intelligence data base and ex-
panded its use in the R&D decision process. As an
example, a one-year R&D effort was avoided when
foreign technology elements provided details and re-
sults of a similar experiment. The exploitation of
foreign aerospace technologies has been improved,
at reduced cost, by AFSC-sponsored advances in
machine translation. In seven months, more than 19
million words were machine translated at a cost
of about lei cents per word, as compared to 7 million
words by human translation at a cost of about 4341
cents per word in the same time period.
Systems Management
Much of what was broad guidance in 1963 has been
converted to standard publications describing the
system management process. New manuals include
the System Program Office Manual, Chapter 2 of the
System Program Management Manual and Volume II
of the Data Management Manual. The first explains
systems management and operation of the System
Achievements in reliability include establishment of
the Air Force Parts Data Bank and the RADC Reli-
ability Analysis Central. The Weapon System Ef-
fectiveness Industry Advisory Committee, under
AFSC guidance, submitted reports on prediction and
optimization techniques and their use in the 'system
management process. Educational programs and selec-
tive application of validated concepts will follow.
Financial Management
AFSC has initiated a program to strengthen cost
management capability through design and test of
improved cost estimating and cost control procedures.
The Cost Estimating Project goal is to improve capa-
bility in making credible, realistic system cost esti-
mates. The major aspects of the project are develop-
ment of standard estimating methods, uniform track-
ing procedures and a responsive cost information
system. Organizational concepts, manning and train-
ing needs will also be recommended.
The Cost Control Project is directed at improving
program cost management during the acquisition
phase for systems and equipment. It focuses on an
integrated system that meets management needs at all
levels. The project is designed to provide better
methods for determining progress versus funds ex-
pended, better management of program change costs
and stronger incentives for overhead management to
contractors.
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In the procurement accounts, the Command obli-
gated over 96% of the fiscal 1963 directed program and
more than 87% of comparable fiscal 1964 programs.
In the RDT&E appropriation, obligations for fiscal
year 1964 exceeded 96%. Reimbursement policies of
the Command were strengthened to insure that Air
Force funds are conserved for application to Air Force
programs. A special effort was made (luring the year
to recoup excess funds from prior year contracts and
make them available for reprogramming. These ef-
forts contribute to the over-all objective of full use of
financial resources.
The Command crusade against excessive costs is
carried out through many programs combined under
Project Purse Strings. Savings of $503 million had
been identified at year's end. Of this amount $392
million was reportable under the DOD Cost Reduc-
tion Program. All goals set by DOD/Air Force in
fiscal 1964 were exceeded.
Procurement Management
Extensive programs to strengthen R&D procure-
ment practices resulted in improved technical evalua-
tions, reduction in sole source negotiations and im-
proved facility capability reports. Direction was
provided to system program offices to assure timely
accomplishment of advanced procurement planning.
Procedures were implemented to reduce determina-
tions and findings processing time. The Contractors
Estimating Methods Review Manual is being revised
to reflect improvement resulting from a six-month
field test completed this year. Continuous support
was given to the DOD program to reduce procure-
ment directives and develop consolidated policies and
procedures. A Relaxation of Controls Program was
implemented on a test basis. Selected contracts are
being reviewed to identify government methods and
controls that can be relaxed yet assure appropriate
management by the Air Force and industry.
The total dollar obligation using incentive or fixed
price contracts increased 17% over 1963. The shift to
this type of contracting resulted in an estimated 285
million dollar savings. The Value Engineering Pro-
gram was also effective in realizing sizable cost re-
ductions. The Command worked effectively with the
aerospace industry in the implementation of the Con-
tractor Performance Evaluation Program and the Zero
Defects Program to further reduce procurement costs.
Material Management
Computerized techniques were applied in determin-
ing the validity of initial support planning for systems
entering the operational inventory. Information sup-
plied by mathematical models led to improvement in
maintainability, reliability and refinement: of ground
equipment and personnel requirements in initial sup-
port planning for the F-4C.
Management emphasis was given to packaging and
shipment, base level repair, contract technical services
and utility operation. An increase to an 84% repair
rate at base level was achieved. Packaging and ship-
ping innovations and study of minimum essential in
transit protection for aircraft engines resulted in sub-
stantial savings. Competitive procurement and insist-
ence on gaining in-house capability as soon as pos-
sible contributed to sizable savings in the Contract
Technical Services Program. Total utility costs fell
due to negotiation of new rate schedules and im-
proved distribution systems. Modernization of com-
munications facilities, urgently needed to support the
National Range, continued as did efforts to modernize
the test aircraft fleet.
Organizational Changes
The National Range Division, NRD, was created in
January 1964. The Western Test Range, Vandenberg
AFl3, California, and Eastern Test Range, Patrick
AFB, Florida, now compose NRD. The Division will
operate and manage the National Global Range com-
prised of Atlantic and Pacific Missile Ranges. Man-
agement of the PMR will be assumed during 1965.
A. Command Communications Management Office
was established at NORAD by the Electronic Systems
Division. The Office will enable Commanders of
Unified/ Specified Commands to play an active role
in development of communication systems for control
over their forces. A Deputy for Effectiveness Testing
was created at APGC for the Weapons Effectiveness
Testing Program. The program supports SAC, TAC,
ADC, the Tactical Air Warfare Center and R&D tests.
Improved organizational structures,for four centers
and the Aerospace Medical Division and standardized
functional organizations such as personnel and comp-
troller were developed and implemented. As a result
of DOD Project 60, a new Contract Management
Division will be formed in early 1965.
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A concerted effort was made to adjust manpower
authorizations to priority mission needs. Reprogram-
ming has been directed toward maintaining mission
capability at the expense of support functions. Full
use has been made of available standards, analytical
methods, and empirical judgment. Standards appli-
cable to approximately 13 per cent of the Command
strength were developed. Plans call for establishing
standards in all measurable areas. An automated man-
job match manpower authorization file can now pro-
vide accurate personnel assignment data every three
days. Mechanized manpower accounting has been
developed to provide constant zero error between
authorization and allocated manpower resources.
A test of the Management Engineering Team phase
of ECONOMAN was implemented at three organiza-
tions. It combines the manpower and organization
function at these locations with the Command Man-
agement Engineering function at Headquarters AFSC.
The test will be completed in August 1965.
AFSC Pamphlet 36-2, which describes typical jobs
that lieutenants can expect on initial assignment to
the Command, was published. New system program
management specialties were created as a part of the
total revision of the scientific and development en-
gineering classification structure. Actions were initi-
ated, in conjunction with the Air Staff, to develop an
optimum scientific and development engineering offi-
cer force distribution. This will appear as Phase IIA
of a project titled "The Road Ahead." Under this
project AFSC will develop progression patterns and
career management policies and procedures for these
officers.
Extensive briefings and training sessions enabled
Commanders to respond rapidly to the Executive
Order and Air Force directives concerning employee
unions.
The Tennessee Space Institute, which will conduct
educational programs in aerospace sciences, opened
at AEDC in September. The Institute evolved through
cooperative efforts of the State and University of
Tennessee and AFSC. Also, a Graduate Engineering
Education System, GENESYS, was initiated by joint
effort with the State and University of Florida. Tem-
porary facilities were provided at Patrick AFB.
New emphasis was given to accelerated disposition
of technical facilities not absolutely essential, and
making maximum use of the wide range of technical
facilities and equipment comprising the RDT&E
plant. This emphasis is assured by the AFSC Techni-
cal Utilization Plan for 1964. The Plan is a first at-
tempt to consolidate data to determine the desirabil-
ity of facility disposal, modification or modernization,
or new facility development. Some vitally needed
laboratory facilities were obtained by converting ob-
solete facilities to accommodate new trends in aero-
space technology. The conversion of an old carburetor
test cell for use in space power projects is but one
example. Approval of the 100-inch Collimator Facility
and Altitude Propulsion Research Facility attests to
the increased recognition at higher levels of the fact
that timely availability of R&D facilities is essential.
Interagency Cooperation
Relationships with other agencies progressed ex-
tremely well during the year. Extensive coordination
with NASA in bioastronautics and space medicine led
to joint projects and funding in these fields. The
National Range Division is planning jointly with
NASA for future range support of NASA programs.
Fifty-five AFSC officers have been placed on duty
with NASA, several occupying key positions in the
NASA organization. In addition, senior officers of
of the AFSC staff have been designated to provide
assistance to NASA and to the joint Chiefs of Staff
in specialized areas in support of space programs.
Final arrangements were made which provide Air
Force Academy cadet participation in summer pro-
grams at several NASA development centers.
In cooperation with the Navy and NASA an Instru-
mented Ships Project Office was established under
Navy Management. Excellent cooperation by the
Navy will allow transfer of PMR range responsibilities
to AFSC much earlier than originally planned. Plans
are being finalized with the Army to transfer the
Kwajalein Test Site to Army control. Periodic joint
meetings have also been initiated between the Com-
mander, Army Materiel Command, Chief of Naval
Material, and Commander, AFSC, to achieve mutual
understanding and joint approaches to matters of tri-
agency interest in which improved management effec-
tiveness and capability can be attained.
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SELECTED COMPARATIVE DATA
1964
1963
1962
1961
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Exploratory Development Projects ..................................
_259
345
354
343
Advanced and Engineering Development Programs ..................
44
49
31
13
Operational Systems Development ................................
.. ...'.20
4
12
15
SYSTEMS IN ACQUISITION
Aeronautical .....................................................
27
21
28
26
Ballistic Missile .................................................
...1
2
4
4
Electronic .......................................................
; .. ; 22
14
15
15
Space ...........................................................
. 1
PRODUCT DELIVERIES FOR THE YEAR
Fighters/Bombers .................................................
400
238
243
298
Cargo/Transports .................................................
225
225
183
115
Trainers/Utility ..................................................
=160
194
211
182
Helicopters ......................................................
37
75
47
80
Aircraft for Other Services ........................................
302
651
308
234
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles ..................................
405
486
186
111
Boosters for Space Payloads ......................................
66
67
58
41
CONTRACTS
Numbers of Contracts ............................................
.47,927
50,061
69,641
50,089
Face Value of Contracts ..........................................
_:$58,500,000,000
$58,800,000,000
$56,100,000,000
$59,300,000,000
RESOURCES (Note 1)
Fiscal Year Funds Programmed During the Year-Total ..............
$ 6,881,200,000
$ 8,238,500,000
$ 8,988,374,000
$ 7,465,179,000
Procurement of Aeronautical Systems ..........................
1,935,500,000
1,865,300,000
2,224,500,000
1,671,400,000
Procurement of Missile Systems ..............................
1,147,100,000
2,012,500,000
2,101,400,000
2,647,200,000
Procurement of Electronic Systems/Subsystems ................
...,:36%600,000
395,700,000
399,700,000
401,200,000
Research, Development, Test and Evaluation ....................
3,161,000,000
3,604,000,000
3,507,774,000
2,250,653,000
Military Construction Program (Note 2) ........................
132,000,000
218,000,000
584,000,000
331,726,000
Operation and Maintenance ....................................
;136,000,000
143,000,000
171,000,000
163,000,000
Manpower-Total
, , x-66,901
67,412
64,954
65,135
Military .....................................................
_19,779
29,232
27,013
27,896
Civil Service .................................................
. r, 37,122
38,189
37,941
37,239
Materiel
Systems Command Facilities ..................................
.:$ 1,150,000,000
1,193,000,000
1,095,000,000
999,000,000
Air Force Owned Industrial Facilities ..........................
11718,000;000
1,999,000,000
1,993,000,000
2,077,000,000
Note 1: 1963 fiscal data adjusted to reflect final program changes.
Note 2: Includes Missile-Site Construction
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PRIMARY OBJECTS PLACED IN ORBIT - WORLD-WIDE
NUMBER
100
The United States continues to surpass all others in the total number of objects
intentionally placed into near earth, lunar impact, or heliocentric orbits. While
certain launches placed two or more objects in orbit simultaneously, these data
reflect only primary objects. They do not include scientific probes employing
ballistic trajectories nor do they represent the number of objects still in orbit.
UNITED STATES VEHICLE LAUNCHcS AFSC BOOSTER PERFORMANCE
by Launching Agency by Booster
NUMBER OF LAUNCHES PERCENT SUCCESSFUL
100
80
60--
40-
20.-
61 62 63 64
F'-.ALL C?hE'R
AFSC - - -
These figures represent all space launches; orbital
and nonorbital; successful and unsuccessful.
AFSC has delivered and been responsible for
launching the majority of the United States
launch vehicles.
100
The perfect record this year is primarily a result
of the Standard Launch Vehicle concept initi-
ated in 1962. The SLV-5A (Titan III), soon to
enter the "family," had a highly successful rec-
ord in its first two R&D launches this year.
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PERCENT
100 -
1_] FOLLOW-ON
INCENTIVE VS. CPFF CONTRACTING
by Percent of Total Dollars
PERCENT
100 --
61
C~ OTHER
r~ CPFE
INCENTIVE
The use of design technical and price competi- The! relative proportion of the Cost Plus Fixed
tion awards has shown a marked increase since Fee (CPFF) and the Incentive type contracts
Command emphasis in 1962 on multiple source appear to be approaching an optimum mix for
competition awards. The optimum contract mix the Command program structure.
has not yet been obtained and further change is
expected.
THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
100 -
61 62
C OFFICERS
CJ AIRMEN CIVIL SERVICE
SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING MANPOWER
by Educational Attainment - 1964
CIVIL
SERVICE
MASTER =. BACHELOR
The Command has created an effective military The Command educational level is one of
and civilian team through aggressive personnel USAF's highest. In the key S&E area, 96% of all
management programs dedicated to the princi- officers and 87% of all civilians have at least a
ples contained in the Command Accent on Bachelor degree.
People ogram.
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COMMAND FUNDING
by Fiscal Year Program
NS ARY
CO
C INSTRUCTION PROCUREMENT
The decline in funds for the procurement of
missile systems is the primary contributing fac-
tor in the continuing reduction of Command
funding. Completion of Atlas and Titan leave
the Minuteman the only remaining active missile
program.
With the accelerated reduction of missile pro-
curement funds, the percentage of total Com-
mand monies being devoted to Research, De-
velopment, Test, and Evaluation was increased.
While the FY 65 reduction in total Research,
Development, Test, and Evaluation funding re-
flects the decline in ballistic missile programs,
that amount devoted to Exploratory and Ad-
vanced Development programs remained fairly
constant.
The chart includes only the value of land, build-
ings, structures, and improvements for facilities
owned by AFSC. The Command uses exten-
sive facilities on a tenant basis.
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NEW DEVELOPMENTS
.~itraft
The YF-12A Long Range Interceptor, LRI, a Mach
3+ aircraft of conventional design, was delivered to
the AFFTC in March 1964 for test and evaluation of
its capability as an Improved Manned Interceptor,
IMI. It represents a giant stride in technological
advancement through use of titanium and materials
and components capable of withstanding a high tem-
perature operational environment. The YF-12A is
equipped with the ASG-18 pulse doppler radar and
AIM-47A air-to-air missile.
The SR-71, a strategic reconnaissance aircraft, is
heavier and has a longer range than the YF-12A.
Using the same J-58 engine as the YF-12A, the SR-
71 will operate at altitudes in excess of 80,000 feet at
speeds exceeding Mach 3 and be capable of world-
wide reconnaissance.
Development of the supersonic Air Force/Navy F-
111. fighter continued during 1964. The F-111 features
a variable sweep wing to provide low takeoff and
landing speed coupled with supersonic speeds at low
and high altitudes in the neighborhood of Mach 2.5.
The first F-111A test aircraft off the production line
was unveiled during a 15 October 1964 rollout cere-
mony. First flight occurred 21 December 1964. Take-
off was normal and all subsystems operated normally
except for failure of the flaps to fully retract. Test
pilots reported excellent handling characteristics.
Demonstration of swept wing and supersonic flight
will be conducted in early 1965.
A program, initiated in 1963 to adapt the basic
C-130 configuration to the MATS air rescue mission,
continued in 1964. The HC-130H features a retrieval
subsystem with which the rescue forces can pickup
one or two people from the earth's surface during a
low fly-by. The first aircraft of this series was de-
livered in 1964 for R&D testing. Production quanti-
ties are scheduled for delivery in 1965.
The tri-service V/STOL program was continued to
determine the operational suitability of aircraft having
Vertical and/or Short Take-Off and Landing charac-
teristics. The XC-142, developed by Ling-Temco-
Vought to evaluate the operational suitability of the
tilting wing for V/STOL transport aircraft, made its
first vertical flight in December 1964. The X-19, de-
veloped by Curtiss-Wright to evaluate the operational
suitability of the tilting propeller concept for small
V/STOL utility aircraft, made its first flight in June
1964.
The XB-70 program was reoriented to a two-proto-
type vehicle program. First flight occurred on 21
September 1964 when the first aircraft was flown from
Palmdale to the Air Force Flight Test Center at
Edwards AFB. On 21 October 1964, during the third
flight, the aircraft exceeded Mach 1.0 for the first
time.
The X-15-2 aircraft was rolled out in February.
Extensive modification increased its speed capability
to Mach 8 (almost 6,800 statute miles per hour.)
Flights in this speed range are scheduled for 1965.
Interim configuration changes in the X--21 Laminar
Flow Control Program were highly successful, produc-
ing significant increases in per cent of wing area over
which laminar flow may be attained.
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Space
A number of important studies were completed on
the Manned Orbiting Laboratory presently planned
to be a two-part tandem spacecraft including a ferry
vehicle and a cylindrical orbiting laboratory. These
Pre-Program Definition Phase studies are being evalu-
ated and documented for presentation to USAF and
DOD as the basis for requesting Program Definition
Phase approval.
ASSET, the Aerothermo-dynamic/elastic Structural
Systems Environmental Test program, is designed to
test various materials at high-speed reentry into the
atmosphere. Using a small delta-wing reentry vehicle,
valuable data has been gathered on structures, ma-
terials, control and reentry communication. Three of
the four launch attempts were successful.
The Titan III, SLV-5, being developed under the
"building block" concept by combining proven boost-
ers, guidance, and command and control systems for
specific payloads, was highly successful on both the
first and second test launches.
A major highlight of the year was the complete
success of the first Minuteman II ICBM launched for
R&D test on 24 September 1964 at Cape Kennedy.
Construction of the first Minuteman II facilities was
initiated at Grand Forks, North Dakota. Minuteman
II will bring increased payload, range and accuracy
to the operational inventory,
The Advanced Ballistic Re-Entry System, ABRES,
program received special identification as the Depart-
ment of Defense Program for advanced reentry tech-
niques and devices. The program was placed on the
list for Designated Systems Management in August
1964. The Athena missile, launch complex and instru-
mentation tie-in between Green River and WSMR
are complete. The Data Center located at Air Force
Missile Development Center achieved full capability
in June 1964. The first successful Athena live 2-stage
flight occurred in July; the first successful live 4-stage
flight in November 1964.
The Mobile Mid-Range Ballistic Missile, MMRBM,
program was terminated on 31 August 1964 with
study efforts to be continued on Command and Con-
trol subsystem and the Stellar Inertial Guidance sub-
system.
Dedication ceremonies were held for the Haystack
space age radio research facility at Tyngsboro, Massa-
chusetts late in the year. This facility is a forerunner
of a new generation of radio communications, radar
and radio astronomy antenna systems. A 150-foot
diameter radome houses a 120-foot diameter computer
controlled "dish" antenna. With its first transmitter,
the system could communicate with space probes a
hundred million miles in space. As a radio telescope,
it will produce accurate "radio maps" of the universe,
or as a radar, track a target the size of a .22-caliber
bullet 1,000 miles away.
Testing of the AN/FSR-2 electro-optical satellite
detection and tracking system was begun at Cloud-
croft, New Mexico, this year. This system combines
the advantages of the detailed vision of optics with
the speed-of-light capability of electronic information
processing.
In furtherance of the tropospheric scatter communi-
cation development, test messages were transmitted
over the longest frequency modulation troposheric
scatter hop in the world. Transmissions covered the
span between Thule, Greenland, and North America.
Mobile equipment produced under System 433L
will receive weather information direct from satellites.
Designed to be air-transportable, the mobile weather
vans will be capable of providing vast, large scale
cloud observations not possible with conventional
weather-observing techniques.
An air transportable air traffic control system en-
tered the test phases of its development at Eglin AFB,
Florida. Designed to be placed into operation within
a few hours, the equipment can control enroute and
landing traffic under both instrument and visual flight
conditions. Development continued on a portable air-
field lighting set capable of bringing stateside quality
airfield lighting to remote sections of the world.
A new device for command and control research,
the Systems Design Laboratory, was placed in opera-
tion at the Electronics Systems Division. Included in
the Laboratory are two "command posts" and an ad-
vanced computer to provide valuable insight into the
nature of decision making. The Laboratory also serves
to introduce senior defense officials to the automated
command systems.
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LOOKING TO THE FUTURE
The Technological War Plan
The Technological War Plan is an expression of the
future courses of Command action. The Plan is the
primary source of guidance for plotting potentials
of capabilities and technologies and the effective use
of resources. Future alternatives are derived by analy-
sis of the capabilities of existing military forces, a
postulation of potential threats and environments, and
the creative application of new technologies. These
alternatives, based on today's situation, are shown in
the TWP as capability, technology and resource plan-
ning guidance.
Analysis
Command analyses performed as a part of the plan-
ning cycle are not restricted to evaluation of techno-
logical progress and its impact on future systems.
These analyses include an evaluation of the national
and international impact the system or equipment
may have in the intended operational environment.
From this base, postulations of the many possible
future world situations and potential threats can
reasonably be made and the United States military
course of action considered in the light of other fac-
tors. Recently instituted controls of the analysis
process used in the formulation and conduct of system
conceptual planning efforts will place greater empha-
sis on the selection process. They will also strengthen
the analytical base of the planning process in de-
termining and recommending new programs.
Capabilities
The major emphasis in the systems planning area
during the year was placed on the implementation of
selected findings of the USAF Project Forecast that
was conducted during 1963. Considerable progress
has been made on several of the new system develop-
ments recommended by the Project.
Preliminary planning studies and analyses leading
to the initiation of an acquisition program for an
advanced strategic aircraft were completed. A short
range attack missile program, which will extend the
operational life and the effectiveness of the B-52,
has been defined. Similar efforts were completed in
preparation for the program definition phase of a
heavy logistics aircraft. This aircraft will provide
rapid, efficient, and reliable world-wide air transpor-
tation of large items of equipment as wel'[ as combat
elements of all services.
Feasibility studies were initiated for two vertical/
short take-off and landing transport aircraft. The first
of these would be the workhorse in a limited war or
counterinsurgency theatre of operations. It is to be
capable of carrying payloads of troops or supplies up
to ten tons. The second, a lighter aircraft, would be
used for rapid delivery of light loads right up to the
battle area or to isolated trouble spots in the theatre.
A. series of in-house studies were conducted to
formulate an approach to the acquisition of a vertical/
short take-off and landing strike reconnaissance fighter
aircraft for limited war and counterinsurgency opera-
tions.
Three Industry/Air Force studies of major national
significance were completed during 1964. Results of
the Range Instrumentation Planning Study are being
implemented by the Command's newly formed Na-
tional Range Division.
The study of defensive measures against Submarine
Launched Ballistic Missiles, SLBM, has produced a
wealth of technological and operational, parametric
data. The results will provide the Research and
Technology Division's Mobile Air-Space Defense Of-
fice with the analytical background essential to the
development of a family of defensive concepts for
countering this type of missile.
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Technologies
Alternative system concepts of the future are made
possible by the expansion and acceleration of a num-
ber of selected high return technical efforts. On the
basis of high potential returns, special emphasis is
being placed in the areas of propulsion, guidance,
avionics, flight dynamics and materials technologies.
High pay-off potentials have a commensurate high
risk; yet, through analysis, the relationship between
pay-off and risk permits the decision planning process
to exploit the tremendous and exciting potentials of
technologies.
Propulsion
Advances in airbreathing propulsion technology,
along with improved fuels will result in large in-
creases in the range and payload of future manned
aircraft. The thrust-to-weight of turbine engines will
be significantly increased through the use of new high
strength and high temperature materials. Specific
fuel consumption will be reduced through regenera-
tive cycles, higher turbine temperatures, variable
engine geometry to allow optimum cycle operation
over a range of altitudes and speeds and high bypass
ratio cycles. Hypersonic flight up to orbital speeds
will be achievable by the use of ramjet engines using
high energy fuels.
Future developments seek devices that simultaneously
reduce both circuit and material complexity and that
correlate the physical, chemical, and structural prop-
erties of matter with the electronic properties. Some
major avionics objectives are superior devices for
generating and amplifying microwave power, im-
proved electro-optical transducers, adaptive electron-
ics and integrated circuits, and increased knowledge
regarding theory and design of electronic devices.
Flight Dynamics
Future efforts in the aircraft and space vehicle
flight dynamics area will be concentrated on improv-
ing vehicle reliability throughout flight envelopes
ranging from supersonic low altitude flight to hyper-
sonic maneuverable reentry. Particular emphasis will
be placed on gaining a better understanding of hyper-
sonic flow, low altitude gust alleviation, variable
geometry, structural integrity and flight control prob-
lems induced by thermal deformations, and crew
escape mechanisms. Technological advances will pro-
vide solutions to the problems associated with blind
landing systems, control-display, adaptive flight con-
trol, aero-elastic effects, and will provide fundamental
design criteria for the full spectrum of future aero-
space vehicles.
Advanced guidance techniques and equipment will
be developed to provide major increases in ballistic
missile and air-to-surface missile accuracy and opera-
tional flexibility. Aircraft navigation and terrain
clearance technologies will be developed to permit
high-speed low altitude flight with greatly increased
penetration effectiveness. Guidance technology for
space missions will provide greater accuracy and more
importantly the higher functional reliability required
for manned operations.
Future avionics efforts will be concentrated on the
expansion of technology to attain electronic systems
with increased performance, decreased size and
weight, and increased reliability. Molecular electron-
ics has presented a means for large strides in minia-
turization of electronic equipment. Today a 10:1 im-
provement in size, weight and reliability is available
with major cost savings and no loss in performance.
New types of composite structural materials, using
stiff, strong, lightweight fibers as reinforcements for
plastics and metals will revolutionize aerospace design
concepts. The first of a family of new continuous
filament materials, boron, offers possibilities of being
formed into composites that are strong, structurally
rigid, and lightweight. Use of such composites could
reduce aircraft structural weights over 35 per cent
and airbrcathing engine weights by as much as 33
per cent.
Environmental protection materials will provide
long-term, reliable protection from radiation and cor-
rosive agents at both high and low temperature ex-
tremes. Advantages to be gained are extended life of
components, greater reliability, increased safety of
flight and a reduction in costs. Improved high tem-
perature alloys, using oxide dispersion techniques,
will allow engine turbines to operate at temperatures
several hundred degrees above what is now possible.
Both performance and operating life will be increased
through application of these materials.
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The Technological War Plan, in addition to pre-
senting trends and objectives for technology and force
capabilities, also presents the related command re-
source requirements in terms of manpower, funds and
facilities. Although manpower and funds are critical
resources, the prolonged lead time in acquiring
modern technical facilities causes this resource to be
a major concern. During the year an aggressive pro-
gram to identify and obtain the facilities necessary to
support advancing technologies and to demonstrate
the ever increasing performance of new systems was
pursued. Construction continued on several vitally
needed facilities such as the Electro-Gas Dynamics
Hypersonic 'funnel, the Dynamic Escape Simulator
and the Mark I Environmental Chamber. Future
plans include construction of the Aerospace Medical
Accelerator, the Aerodynamic Hypersonic Wind Tun-
nel and the Materials Science and the Celestial Iner-
tial Guidance Laboratories. In many cases these
facilities represent a basic national resource as well
as supporting Command programs.
The importance of technical facilities in support of
the total national RDT&E effort for future systems
and technologies was highlighted by the Large Facil-
ity Working Group during 1964. The group, consist-
ing of selected Air Force scientists and engineers
supplemented by an advisory panel composed of
eminent technical facility consultants from industrial
and educational organizations, emphasized the need
for long-range planning and research for technical
facilities.
In 1964, a study was initiated by the Command to
design an information system which would facilitate
maximum use of the Command's facilities by techni-
cal organizations of the nation. The resulting Systems
Command RDT&E Facility Register will contain tech-
nical and management data for each of the RDT&E
facilities in the Command. Included in the Register
will be data on wind tunnels, environmental simu-
lators, laboratory capabilities and many other specifics
on technical facility capabilities available in AFSC.
The Command, in conjunction with the Office of
Naval Material and the Army Materiel Command, has
formed a study group to develop an application of
the Register as a tri-agency compilation. NASA and
several industrial organizations have indicated a
strong desire to participate in any further expansion
of the coverage.
32
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 r ved ReI a 2OOOI 5 f -RD BO OOOiOOi9Oa80-8
Front Cover--- Titan III _IntegraEted Launch Facility located at the
(inside) Air Force Eastern Test Rage, Cape Kennedy, Flori-
da. The .Titan III can be-completely assembled ands
checked out in the -vertical position prior to Iran`spor):
to the launch site.
Rear Cover- Data Acquisition and Tracking Station located, at the
(Inside) Air Force Western= Test. Range, Vandenberg!,AFB
California, This Station is a part of a world-wide
network of satellite tracking facilities.
11
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Accelerate development of the ATLAS ICBM!
This decision, in 1954, vas, destined tO, set, the
future course-for military strategy and the foun-
elation of national space programs.
The years since 1954 mark a decade of un-
precedented development progress Products of
this dynamic decade can be seen in silos within
the earth and in the space above, The !
ernment-science-industry team organizedtcL
velop a weapon system spawned a vast new
national enterprise which now rank s _with
automotive industry as the world's largest.
The challenges were time and technology. The
problems of time were those of providm an
adequate defense and the difficulty of inventing
on schedule. Technology was studded with
many unknowns and uncertainties that haul to be
resolved. The small team assembled in.9ri4built
the TIIOR; developed ATLAS, TITAN and
MINUTEMAN, and forged tcchnolo ics that
helped lead the nation into space.
The first ATLAS and THOR launf i were,
attempted in 1957. By late 1957 TIIOR had
logged four successful,flights. The 54th anni-
versary of the Kitty Hawk_ flight -alsa marked
the first fully succe;
TIIOR entered the space arena in October
1958, launching PIONEER I toward the moon. . 4A ATLAS 1'o loeved , in , ccr ?l~,er, , g-l ss cct
SCORE broadcast the 1'r;~siclent s 1,
message from space. ATLAS served as_,,.thc.,
booster for the IVIER URX ni-in in spars res_
iii 1962) and 1963. TITANhas also cared the
space arena as the booster feu, the Gen r
The number of successful United Stato,,aLcllite
and space-probe launches exceed twor hundred.
As a surveyor focuses on points behind to
gain an accurate line of sight on of cctives
ahead, such must be the outlook on ni-
versaty. We will retrain from- the r nastxgonly
what is time-proven, not time-worn.
A-RDP69B00596`R00010019008