THE MIDDLE EAST: CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300045-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 11, 2004
• Sequence Number: 45
• Publication Date: August 7, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

August 7, 1967 Approved v " 0 gfEo ft6-BD N @jLR000200300045-2
"We will continue to push, with all the
vigor at our command, for the adoption of
legislation to meet the problems you out-
lined-to eliminate from the American scene
disease, slums, unemployment, poor educa-
tional facilities and above all else, discrimi-
nation.
"As an item of first priority, America must
aid the innocent victims of the rioters. Cer-
tainly they deserve, at the very least, the
same help the government gives the victims
of natural disasters. We urge the Congress,
as an immediate matter, to amend the nec-
essary laws to give them this assistance.
"We say to the Congress: Now is not the
time for -the cheap humor and complete
stupidity shown by those members of the
House of Representatives who voted to kill
the rat-control bill. Nor is now the time for
a minority of the Senate Judiciary Commit-
tee to engage in a radially-inspired attack
on the nomination of Thurgood. Marshall to
the United States Sgpreme Court. Now is
the time for action and statesmanship by
passing the poverty, housing, education and
civil rights bills proposed by President John-
son and restoring full funding for the Model
Cities and rent supplement bills passed last
year.
"My warm congratulations to you and your
colleagues on a courageous, sensible state-
The(Middle East: Crisis and Opportunity
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THRUSTON B. MORTON
OF KENTUCKY
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, August 7, 1967
Mr. MORTON. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD a statement
entitled "The Middle East: Crisis and
Opportunity."
This paper was approved by the Re-
publican coordinating committee on July
24. It was prepared by the task force on
the conduct of foreign relations, an arm
of the coordinating committee.
I ask unanimous consent that the ros-
ters of membership of both the coor-
dinating committee and the task force
likewise be printed in the Appendix of
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ments and 'rosters of membership were
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
THE MIDDLE EAST: CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY
1. INTRODUCTION
Comprehension of the current Middle East-
ern problem requires that it be viewed as
having two separate and distinct facets, both
wiht long-term implications for the United
States:
First, the basic Arab-Israeli conflict which
has resulted in three wars in the Middle East
in less than 20 years;
Second, the historic Russian drive, con-
stant under Czars and Commissars alike, to
obtain a controlling position in the Middle
East-a traditional aim conforming to Soviet
tactics to create many trouble spots around
the world to confuse and confound the free
world.
However, in the recent Arab-Israeli war,
the proponents of Middle Eastern instability
(the Soviets and certain radical Arab clients)
have suffered a crushing defeat. The result-
ing situation affords an excellent opportunity
to the United States to work toward a last-
ing peace. This nation should not look to
others for initiative in this difficult and criti-
cal task.
The task is not impossible, but the Ad-
ministration must move sensibly and vigor-
ously with policies appealing to moderate
groups in every Middle Eastern country. It
is outside pressure that has generated much
of the radical and irresponsible leadership
in the area; the'United States now is posi-
tioned to encourage moderate, responsible
Arab and Jewish leaders to discard the self-
defeating politics of hatred and violence and
to join in the pursuit of equitable, long-term
solutions.
The Republican Party recommends these
proposals to meet the middle East situation:
IT. REPUBLICAN RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The United States should exert its influ-
ence to secure a Middle East peace settlement
which will confirm Israel's right to live and
prosper as an independent nation.
Arab refusal to acknowledge permanent
boundaries for Israel is an attitude hardly
exceptional in the Middle East.
Most Arab states and Israel have gained
their independence only since World War II.
Ever since, difficulties over new boundaries
have consumed the region. Two "neutral
zones" were created in the oil-rich Persian
Gulf area to help separate the oil-producing
countries of Kuwait, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.
The frontiers between Saudi Arabia and the
states on the southern periphery of the
Arabian peninsula are still undemarcated,
and strife afflicts Yemen and Aden and
threatens south Arabia. Algeria has provoked
border clashes with two of its peaceable
neighbors, Morocco and Tunisia. Morocco
claims the entire country of Mauritania and
adjacent Spanish territories. For years the
Kurds have been militantly agitating for an
independent state which would comprise
lands detached from Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and
possibly Syria.
Clearly, a stable Middle East awaits the
permanent solution of all such boundary
disputes, but most important of all is the
Arab-Israeli dispute. These border problems
can be best resolved by the parties directly
concerned, employing, if necessary, the good
offices of the United Nations or other third
parties. Stability and peace require the par-
ties to the Arab-Israeli conflict to agree upon
permanent boundaries for Israel. Such terri-
torial arrangements as are determined must
provide security for all and permit the dis-
engagement of opposing military forces. The
United States should be prepared to join
other powers in guaranteeing borders thus
confirmed, in order to ensure the permanency
of the peace settlement.
2. The United States should join with
International guarantee of innocent passage
through international waterways, including
the Straits of Tiran and the Suez Canal, as
an inalienable right of all nations.
This guarantee would help to undergird
the strategic and economic viability of Is-
rael, as well as the Arab states, and would
remove a major source of conflict in the
Middle East.
This recommendation reaffirms an explicit
Republican view, which was clearly enun-
ciated by President Eisenhower following
the Arab-Israel war in 1956.
3. The United States should join with
other nations in pressing for international
supervision of the holy places within the
City of Jerusalem.
Circumstances must be created which will
provide the best protection of, and access to,
the holy places so that freedom of religious
worship in these places will be assured to
peoples of all faiths. The holy places should
not be the subject of political controversy.
Their administration by a religious council
comprising all directly-affected faiths is one
solution that should be most carefully
weighed.
4. As an essential part of a permanent set-
tlement in the Middle East, the United
A 3973
States should insist on, and aid in, the re-
habilitation and resettlement of the more
than one million Palestine Arab refugees who
have been displaced over the past 20 years.
Since 1948, $625 million has been spent by
the United Nations Relief and Works Agency
(UNRWA) to provide simple subsistence to
the Palestine Arab refugees. The United
States has voluntarily contributed $425 mil-
lion, or more than two-thirds of the total.
The U.S.S.R., the strident champion of the
Arabs, has never contributed to this pro-
gram.
Before there can be stability in the Middle
East, a just and enduring solution of the
refugee problem must be found. As the lead-
ing contributor to refugee support, the
United States is uniquely situated to press
powerfully for the permanent resettlement
of all Arab refugees. Israel, as well as the
Arab states, must share substantially in this
effort. We, with other nations, should chal-
lenge the U.S.S.R. to prove the sincerity of
its professed concern for the welfare of the
Arabs by matching future U.S. contribu-
tions toward refugee rehabilitatibn.
5. The United States should propose a
broad-scale development plan for all Mid-
dle Eastern states which agree to live peace-
fully with their neighbors.
The Republican Party would not willingly
see the rehabilitation of the Middle East
become a political issue in the United States.
Our country's efforts to bring peace to that
war-torn region should continue to he bi-
partisan. In this spirit we hope for vigorous
Administration and widespread public sup-
port for the Sold and imaginative Eisen-
hower Plan to bring water, work and food
to the Middle East.
This constructive proposal would provide
huge atomic plants to desalt sea water, the
first of which would produce as much fresh
water as the entire Jordan River system.
This in turn would irrigate desert lands to
support the Arab refugees and bring yearned
for prosperity to both Arab and Israeli
territories.
The Eisenhower Plan is sufficiently far-
reaching to encompass all Middle Eastern
states, and all should be invited to adhere.
However, even if some should decline, the
Plan could be initiated pending their later
cooperation. The construction of - the first
plant would require the agreement of only
two or three countries, such as Israel, Jor-
dan, Saudi Arabia, or Lebanon. Once the
immense benefits of the vast increase in
water supplies become evident for all to see,
it would be difficult for any Middle Eastern
leader to deny his people the opportunity to
share in the prosperity being created.
6. The United States should make a de-
termined effort to expose and isolate the radi-
cal troublemakers in the Middle East. We
should aid only those states following non-
aggressive, non-Comi"nist policies.
Republicans oppose the continuation of
past attempts to win over leftist leaders by
giving large amounts of aid. We believe our
aid should not reward our enemies and, in
effect, punish our friends.
Nasser has received more aid ($1,133.3 mil-
lion) than Israel ($1,104.5 million), and
nearly double the aid given to any moderate
Arab leader (Jordan under King Hussein,
for example, has received $572.8 million)?
By contrast, the average aid given to the
U.A.R. during the Eisenhower years was $31.6
million per year. The average yearly aid to
Nasser rose sharply during Democratic Ad-
ministrations to $172.1 million.
Republicans have long opposed such aid.
On January 26, 1965, every House Republican
voted to terminate all surplus food shipments
to Nasser -
Analysis of these aid figures is a complex
matter. The per capita figures are dis-
parate-and the periods, types, and currency
and payment requirements varied widely.
2 The New York Times, January 27, 1965.
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Moreover, at the outbreak of the Middle
East war one-quarter of a 'billion dollars ; was
obligated for the seven Arab states which
later broke relations with the United States,
partially as a result of Nasser's false charge
that American planes aided Israel. (See Ap-
pendix A, "The Administration Ignored
Signs of Crisis in the Middle East.") Republi-
cans believe aid should be reinstituted to any
of these countries until' the United States
decides to reestablish diplomatic relations,
restitution has been made for damages to
American porperty 'and People, and allega-
tions, which falsely impugn the good name
of the United States before the world, have
been retracted,
7. The United States, in furtherance of
peace in the Middle East, should strive with
other nations for agreed. limitations on in-
ternational arms shipments to the area.
Limitation on the wasteful and destructive
arms race was temporarily achieved by the
TripartiteDeclaration of 1950 and the Eisen-
hower Doctrine of 1958. However, Soviet ship-
ments of large amounts of sophisticated
weapons to the radical Arab states; have
thwarted arms controls. There should be un-
relenting effort to obtain Soviet adherence
to a workable system of arms control in the
Middle East. Their cooperation could be a
significant indication of Soviet desire for
world peace and East-West detente.
8. The United States' leadership and di-
plomacy must be alert, firm and resourceful
to prevent extension of Soviet imperialism
into the Middle East and North Africa.
The U.S.S.R. has suffered a serious reverse
in terms of both power and prestige in much
of the Arab world. The United States should
now apply its own influence toward inhibi-
ting the Soviets from again. creating dis-
turbances in this area.
Russian aspirations in the Middle East
have not varied for centuries.' Their major
aim has been to obtain direct access to warm
water ports, and to the Mediterranean Sea
and the Indian Ocean. 'The emergence of
many new nations in. the Middle East fol-
lowing World War II provided increased op-
portunities for advancing Soviet interests.
In 1045-46, the Soviet 'army moved into
northern Iran, but troops were finally with-
drawn after the U.S. and the U.K. objected
in the United Nations. In, 1947, as in 1877-78,
the "Soviets attempted to gain a dominating
position over the Turkish straits, and in
1940-47, they tried to overthrow the Greek
government. The United States responded
decisively with Its Greek and Turkish aid pro-
grams.
Following the death of. Stalin, the Soviets
sought to by-pass the Middle Eastern coun-
tries with which they share a common bor-
der and began cultivating Arabs further to
the south. Since then, Soviet aid to the
radical states in the Middle East has been
dispensed on a massive scale. The U.A.R.
alone has received about one-sixth of total
Soviet economic aid. If economic aid to Al-
geria, Iraq, Syria, Somalia and Yemen is
added, the total becomes $1,824 million or
nearly one-third of tots.l Soviet economic,
aid. In addition, Soviet military aid has clear-
ly been on afnassive scale.
Considering the traditional Russian goals
and the vast Soviet military and economic
aid to the area, It is not surprising that the
Soviets are profoundly concerned over the
results of the recent Middle East conflict.
One area of importance only incidentally
affected by recent Arab-Israeli battles is the
Red Sea, the vital link between Europe, Asia,
and much of Africa. The Soviets are deeply
involved in promoting instability along the
Red Sea coasts in an effort to dominate this
key passage. Via Nasser, the Soviets have
supported a four-year war in Yemen; they
are fomenting rebellion in Aden; they are
a This figure includes same $200 million
earmarked as aid and $51 million in out-
standing Export-Import Bank commitments.
aiming Somalia to stir trouble in the critical
region of the African Horn. It would seriously
nsenace the Western position if Yemen and
Den were allowed to come under the con-
trol of hostile elements, whether Egyptian
o, Soviet. We believe the nation can rightly
e ipect its leadership to have the capability
aid responsibility to avoid such a tragedy-
a catastrophe for all the free world should
ovW designs be allowed to succeed.
APPENDIX A
THE ADMIN"STRATION IGNORED SIGNS OF CRISIS
IN THE MIDDLE EAST
AlthougY.: Republicans reject categorically
Arab and Soviet claims that the United
States was in any way Involved in the Mid-
dle Eastern conflict, either overtly or covert-
1;', it is apparent that President Johnson's
Administration cannot avoid all responsi-
bility, or even some blame, for the events
which have taken place. In fact, it appears
teat the Johnson Administration was so de-
void of policy Ideas on the Middle East that
ii,-could not have seriously affected the situ-
ation even if it had wanted to.
The following points give some idea of how
badly the White House misjudged the Middle
Eastern situation:
1) For the crucial three months preceding
tie crisis there was no United States Am-
bassador to the Egyptian government. More-
over, the post of Assistant Secretary of State
for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs was
vacant from October 19, 1966 to April 7, 1967,
a period of nearly six months just preceding
the criv'_s.
2) When the new American Ambassador to
Cairo, Richard Nolte, arrived on May 21 he
was reported by the Baltimore Sun to have
asked, "Wt.at crisis?" when questioned by a
clrtespondent at the Cairo airport. The Sun
comments that Nolte was simply reflecting
t a e State Department's thinking, and his
bland remark showed how little Washington
appreciated the gravity of the situation even
at that late date.
8) David G. Nes remained Charge d'Af-
f fires of ,he American Embassy in Cairo
even after Nolte arrived, because the new
Ambassador never had an opportunity to
present his credentials to President Nasser
before the war started and diplomatic rela-
tions were i 'oken. Nes, a senior career diplo-
riAt, was so disturbed by Washington's lack
cf interest in the Middle Eastern situation
that he took the almost unheard of step of
csmplaining to newsmen that his reports
slowing a crisis was developing had been
totally ignored by the Administration.
4) A resume of events which Nes reported
but which he claimed Washington ignored
iii highly instructive. Quotations are from
tie Baltimore Sun.
"Beginning in January Nes was convinced
teat Nasser was planning a major confronta-
ton with Israel and the West.... The real
t. .p-off to Nasser's intentions was a series of
violently anti-American articles published in
C airo's authoritative Al Ahram early in
March at about the time (U.S.) Ambassador
Lucius Battle left without a successor being
named.
-"Mohammed Heikal, editor of Al Ahram
and a confidant of Nasser, reviewed United
States-Egyptian relations from 1949 to date.
7'he Heikal articles indicated Nasser was
headed for and wanted a confrontation with
Israel and the West."
"Nasser apparently tested U.S. intentions
Li early April by precipitating the incident
v hich resulted in the removal of the U.S.
AID mission from Taiz in Egyptian-con-
trolled Yemen."
"The final clue to his (Nasser's) intentions
was his May 2 speech in which he character-
is fed America as the enemy of Egypt."
Once the opposing sides had mobilized
t eir troops, and even after hostilities had
broken out, the actions of the Johnson Ad
n il.nistratien indicated that our efforts were
poorly coordinated. Although it was per-
fectly obvious from the nature of the policy
statements and military preparations on
both sides that war was imminent, the Ad-
ministration floundered about with a make-
shift attempt to organize maritime powers
of the world into a, group which might con-
vince Nasser to back down from his Gulf
of Aqaba blockade.
Moreover, the Administration failed to see
beyond the impending crisis. and appraise
the needs for a permanent settlement in
the Middle East. Instead of adopting a flex-
ible position, the President stated on May
23, 1967, that "the United States is firmly
committed to the support of the political
independence and territorial integrity of all
the nations of that area."
This unilateral declaration even went be-
yond the 1950 Tripartite Declaration in
which the United States, the United King-
dom and France guaranteed boundaries but
only on the condition that peace treaties
were signed.
During the first days of the conflict the
Administration revealed its confusion by
changing its stand on the war three times
in one day. First, the State Department an-
nounced that the United States was "neu-
tral in thought, word and deed." Second, a
White House Press Secretary stated that this
statement was "not a formal declaration of
neutrality." Third and finally, Dean Rusk
issued a clarification stating that by "neu-
tral" we meant we were not going to become
a belligerent, but this did not mean to im-
ply that we were indifferent to the outcome
of the war.
Beyond expressing great interest in Middle
Eastern events, the Administration never
said whether our sympathies were, with Israel
or the Arabs. By contrast, the declared Soviet
postion was 100 percent pro-Arab.
By subsequent action, the Administration
has as much as admitted that it still has no
policy for the Middle East: a special commit-
tee has been established to study the Middle
East, and Mr. McGeorge Bundy has had to
be recalled from private life to direct this
group's work.
Republicans wish to underscore our long-
established opinion that the government
would do better to rely on the judgment of
our professional diplomats, who are familiar
with the area in question, than to organize
a new committee every time a new crisis
develops.
REPUBLICAN COORDINATING COMMrITEE
Presiding Officer: Ray C. Bliss, Chairman,
Republican National Committee.
FORMER PRESIDENT
Dwight D. Eisenhower, 300 Carlisle Street,
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
FORMER PRESIDENTIAL NOMINEES
Barry Goldwater (1964), Post Office Box
1601, Scottsdale, Arizona.
Richard M. Nixon (1960), Nixon, Mudge,
Rose, Guthrie & Alexander, 20 Broad Street,
New York, New York.
Thomas E. Dewey (1944 & 1948), 40 Wall
Street, New York, New York.
Alf M. Landon (1936), National Bank of
Topeka Building, 1001 Fillmore Street, To-
peka, Kansas.
SENATE LEADERSHIP
Everett M. Dirksen, Minority Leader.
Thomas H. Kuchel, Minority Whip.
Bourke B. Hickenlooper, Chairman, Repub-
lican Policy Committee.
Margaret Chase Smith, Chairman, Repub-
lican Conference.
George Murphy, Chairman, National Re-
publican Senatorial Comm.
Milton R. Young, Secretary, Republican
Conference.
Hugh Scott, Vice Chairman, National Re-
publican Senatorial Comm.
HOUSE LEADERSHIP
Gerald R. Ford, Minority Leader.
Leslie C. Arends, Minority Whip.
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1~T~~,
August 7, 1967 ApproV6?ffR
Melvin R. Laird, Chairman, Republican Con-
ference.
John J. Rhodes, Chairman, Republican
Policy Committee.
H. Allen Smith, Ranking Member of Rules
Committee.
Bob Wilson, Chairman, National Republi-
can Congressional Comm.
Charles E. Goodell, Chairman, Planning
and Research Committee.
Richard H. Poff, Secretary, Republican
Conference.
William C. Cramer, Vice Chairman, Repub-
lican Conference.
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS
ASSOCIATION
John A. Love, Governor of the State of
Colorado, Denver, Colorado.
John A. Volpe, Governor of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachu-
setts.
George W. Romney, Governor of the State
of Michigan, Lansing, Michigan.
Nelson 'A. Rockefeller, Governor of the
State of New York, Albany, New York.
Raymond P. Shafer, Governor of the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania.
John H. Chafes, Governor of the State of
Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island.
Nils A. Boe, Governor of the State of South
Dakota, Pierre, South Dakota.
Daniel J. Evans, Governor of the State of
Washington, Olympia, Washington.
REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE
Ray C. Bliss, Chairman, Republican Na-
tional Committee, 1625 Eye Street, Northwest,
Washington, D.C. 20006.
Mrs. C. Wayland Brooks,. Assistant Chrmn.,
Republican National Committee, 1625 Eye
Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. 20006.
Mrs. Collis P. Moore, Vice Chairman, Re-
publican National Committee, Box 225, Moro,
Oregon 97039.
Donald R. Ross, Vice Chairman, Republi-
can National Committee, 1406 Kiewt Plaza,
Farnam at 36th, Omaha, Nebraska 68131.
Mrs. J. Willard Marriott, Vice Chrmn., Re-
publican National Committee, 4500 Garfield
Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C. 20007.
J. Drake Edens, Jr., Vice Chairman, Repub-
lican National Committee, Post Office Box
9385, Columbia, South Carolina 29201.
PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLICAN STATE LEGISLA-
TORS ASSOCIATION
F. F. (Monte) Montgomery, Speaker of the
House of Representatives, State of Oregon,
Salem, Oregon,
Robert L. L. McCormick, Staff Coordinator.
MEMBERS OF THE REPUBLICAN COORDINATING
.COMMITTEE'S TASK FORCE ON THE CONDUCT
OF FOREIGN RELATIONS
Robert C. Hill, Chairman, United States
Ambassador to Mexico, 1957-1961.
David N. Rowe, Vice Chairman, Professor
of Political Science, Yale University.
Gordon Allott, United States Senator from
Colorado.
Robert Amory, Jr., Deputy Director, Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency, 1952-1962.
John B. Anderson, Member of Congress
from Illinois.
Tim M. Babcock, Governor of the State of
Montana.
Frances P. Bolton, Member of Congress
from Ohio.
Arleigh A. Burke, Chief of United States
Naval Operations, 1955-1961.
Lucius D. Clay, General of the United
States Army, Retired.
Philip K. Crowe, United States Ambassador
to the Union of South Africa, 1959-1961.
Joseph S. Farland, United States Ambassa-
dor to the Republic of Panama, 1960-1963.
Paul Findley, Member of Congress from
Illinois.
Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen, Member of Con-
gress from New Jersey.
Ernest S. Griffith, Dean, School of Inter-
national Service, American University, 1958-
1965.
Mrs. Cecil M. Harden, Republican National
Committeewoman for Indiana.
Joe Holt, Member of Congress from Cali-
fornia,1953-1959.
Walter A. Judd, Member of Congress from
Minnesota, 1943-1963.
John D. Lodge, United States Ambassador
to Spain, 1955-1961.
Gerhart Niemeyer, Professor of Political
Science, University of Notre Dame.
Nicholas Nyaradi, Director of School of In-
ternational Studies, Bradley University.
Roderic L. O'Connor, Administrator, Bu-
reau of Security and Consular Affairs, De-
partment of State, 1957-1958.
G L. Ohrstom, Jr., Investment Banker.
William W. Scranton, Governor of the Com-
wealth of Pennsylvania,? 1963-1967.
Richard B. Sellars, Republican
Committeeman for New Jersey.
Robert Strausz-Hupe, Director, Foreign
Policy Research Institute, University of
Pennsylvania.
Kent. B. Crane, Secretary to the Task
Force.
Riots: Organized and Subsidized
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. H. R. GROSS
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 7, 1967
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, in a hard-
hitting editorial in its July 31, 1967, is-
sue, Barron's Weekly points to compelling
evidence to support the charge that the
riots which have engulfed city after city
across the Nation are less spontaneous
outbreaks than carefully planned sub-
version. This highly respected business
and financial publication also offers con-
vincing proof that federally subsidized
antipoverty warriors have been inciting
and fomenting unrest.
I commend the editorial to the atten-
tion of my colleagues:
POVERTY WARRIORS: THE RIOTS ARE SUBSI-
DIZED AS WELL AS ORGANIZED
Marion Barry and Rufus Mayfield are angry
young men. Former national head of the Stu-
dent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC), Mr. Barry in August, 1965, took
part in a protest demonstration organized by
the so-called Assembly of Unrepresented Peo-
ple. He was arrested and charged with dis-
orderly conduct while leading demonstrators
onto the Capitol grounds. "Riot power and
rebellion power," he was quoted at saying
last week, "might make people listen now."
Mr. Mayfield is a Black Muslim. Twenty-one
years old, he has spent most of the past eight
years in prison for various offenses, including
petty and grand larceny. This month Marion
Barry acquired gainful employment. He was
hired as a $50-per-day consultant by the
United Planning Organization, top anti-
poverty agency for the District of Colum-
bia. Rufus Mayfield, according to Rep. Joel
P. Broyhill (R., Va.), will serve as Barry's
"back-up man."
While perhaps more arresting than most,
these are not isolated instances. On the con-
trary, the files fairly bulge with equally radi-
cal cases in point, Thus, federal and state in-
vestigationsof New York's Mobilization for
Youth, pilot project for the Job Corps, dis-
closed that its staff included several mem-
bers of the Communist Party. LeRoi Jones,
who was taken into custody during the riots
A-X~~~F69R000200300045-2
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In Newark and charged with illegal posses-
sion of deadly weapons, once ran a hate-the-
whites Black Arts Theater which got $115,000
in federal funds from Haryou-ACT before
police discovered an arsenal on the premises.
The Southwest Alabama Farmers Coopera-
tive Association of Selma, which the Office of
Economic Opportunity recently granted
$7005000, numbers among its principals John
Zippert and Shirley Mesher. Louisiana's Joint
Legislative Committee on Un-American Ac-
tivities rec .ntly documented Mr. Zippert's
association with radical causes, including the
Kremlin-financed World Youth Festival. Ac-
cording to the Alabama Legislative Commis-
sion to Preserve the Peace, Miss Mesher, a
former coordinator for SNCC, is "a prime
participant in the Black Panther movement
designed to overthrow the government .
Right after Watts (Barron's, August 23,
1965), we observed: "In the name of civil
rights, a small band of ruthless men has not
hesitated to stir up violence, break the law
and undermine duly constituted authority.
The so-called civil rights revolution ... has
begun to mean exactly what it says." Since
then compelling evidence, including eyewit-
ness testimony and the findings of a Cleve-
land grand jury, has shown that the riots are
less spontaneous outbreaks than carefully
planned subversion. To judge by the record,
moreover, civil unrest is not only organized
but also subsidized. Thanks to the Office of
Economic Opportunty, the U.S. taxpayer now
has a chance to finance his own destruction.
The Great Society, so Newark, Detroit and
scores of other smouldering cities suggest,
cannot coexist with the American way of
life.
Like the poor, slums and rats have always
`been with us. Only the devastating riots-
and the professional agitators who prepare
the tinder, await a spark and fan the
flames-are significantly new. The 1964 out-
bursts in Harlem turned up William Epton,
vice-chairman of the Red-Chinese-oriented
Progressive Labor Party, who taught people
how to make Molotov cocktails. Mr. Epton
was convicted of criminal anarchy for his
part in the riots. The Rev. Billy Graham
called Watts a "dress rehearsal for revolu-
tion," a description In which radical spokes-
men ever since have gloried. Last year's riots
in Cleveland, charged Sen. Frank Lausche
(Dem., 0.) were the work of a "national con-
spiracy executed by experts." Shortly after-
ward a Cleveland grand jury, after hearing
the testimony of detectives who penetrated
the conspirators' ranks, found that "the out-
break of lawlessness and disorder was or-
ganized, precipitated and exploited by a rela-
tively small group of trained and disciplined
professionals." In a story on the Newark riots,
the current issue of Life Magazine describes
its reporters' "clandestine meeting with
members of the sniper organization." Finally,
SNCC's Stokely Carmichael, whose subver-
sive interests range far and wide, openly
boasts of what's afoot. After a quick trip to
Prague, he landed last week in Havana. There
he told newsmen: "In Newark we appliRd
(guerrilla) war tactics . . . We are prepar-
ing groups of urban guerrillas ... It is
going to be a fight to the death."
So much for subversion, which the country
will ignore at its own risk. As to federal sub-
sidy of violence, an ominous pattern has
emerged. From the beginning, as radicals
recognized, the war on poverty, notably the
Community Action Programs, had impressive
trouble-making potentials. Somehow CAP
has expanded much faster than OEO ex-
penditures as a whole, surging from $246.5
million in fiscal '66 to an estimated $500 mil-
lion in the current fiscal year. As noted above
(much of the material comes from a forth-
coming book, "Poverty Is Where the Money
Is," to be published by Arlington House and
written by Shirley Scheibla, Washington cor-
respondent for Barron's), some of the money
funded dubious ventures and put jailbirds
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 A 3976 Approved For ROL5990(W0300045-2 August 7~ 1967
and subversives on the federal payroll., Mrs. Midwestern city came to Washington to nate to have as its assistant director for
Scheibla cites other horrible examples: John vouch for the effectiveness of federal anti- the older persons program a dedicated
Ross, member of the Progressive Labor Party, poverty programs. and perceptive public servant, Miss
who served on an ant;-poverty board in an "It is a well known fact," he told mem- Genevieve Blatt.
Francisco; Howard Harawitz, member of a hers of a Senate subcommitee, that his city
similar boa d In Berkeley and former member "has avoided the civil disorder that has Miss Blatt joined OEO a few months
of the. W.EB. DuBois Clubs, which the FBI beset our other major cities for the past few ago after 12 years of service to Pennsyl-
-calls "Communist-spawned"and a number summers." The mayor continued: vania as secretary of internal affairs.
of L1:P.O. personnel in Washington, D.C., who _ That didn't happen by chance: it is the Her post will entail a growing workload,
turned out to be 4NCC organizers and result of careful planning and the imple- because medical statistics show that each
agitators. . mentation made possible through the eco- generation is living longer and that the
Taxpayer-financed trouble has exploded in nomic improvement act.... These programs one part of the country after another.. Last an orderly community and problems of dealing with the elderly will
eontribt.ted to
fall the mayor of Perth Amboy, N.J., accused aided in the reduction of crime. continue to increase.
the local anti-poverty leader of seeking "to You may have guessed by now that the
foment and incite unrest, agitation and dis- gentleman who made these statements was
order," a charge which the city manager of _Mayor Jerome P. Cavanagh. The city he was
Rochester echoed last week. Newark's police talking about, of course, was Detroit, which
chief weeks ago warned that the city faced has just experienced one of the worst ex-
anarchy because of agitation by federal anti- amples of "civil disorder" in American
poverty workers, several of whom were ar= history.
rested during the riots. In New York City five If the secret of averting civil disorder Is
marauding young Negroes, collared while funds from the federal government, then
looting stores on Fifth Avenue, worked for Detroit should have been one of the least
blazoned, after the OEO-funded agency,
"Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited."
To fight riots with OEO grants, in short,
is like fighting fire with gasoline. However,
Sargent Shriver alone Is not to blame. Some
of the fault lies with local officials like New
York's Mayor Lindsay (tapped last week to
serve on the President's special advisory
body), who repeatedly refused to condemn
the appearance of his' Human Rights Com-
.missioner at the Black Power conference in
,
Newark, as well as with Mayor Cavanagh of "highly reactionary Congress" bore the chief
Detroit (first recipient: of OEO aid and wel- responsibility for what happened in Detroit.
fare state showcase), vVho tied the hands of If Congress has been stingy, as he sug-
On the federal level, the country should call
to account the Office of Attorney-General
and its three recent occupants: Robert Ken-
nedy, who once wrote: a letter to the head
of an identified Communist front, seeking
advice on a national service corps; Nicholas
Katzenbach, who shrugged off all evidence
of conspiracy; and the incumbent, Ramsey
Clark, who testified against pending anti-
riot legislation. The blame reaches right up
to the official White to use family, to Vice
President Humphrey, who last summer said
that if he lived in a rat-infested slum: "there
is enough of a spark left in me to lead a
pretty good revolt."
Law and order are the stuff of civilization;
they are also the first: duty of government.
On the record, "liberals" of both parties, by
tolerating subversion, have made a mockery
of their oaths of office and forfeited the
public's trust. Appeals to prayer are all well
and good, but what this country needs is a
political and philosophic call to arms.
Federal Antipoverty Programs-The
Wrong Approach
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HARRY 1. BYRD, JR.
OF VIR('.INIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, August 7, 1967
Mr. BYRD of Virg~nia. Mr. President,
I ask unanimous consent to have printed
in the Appendix of the RECORD an edi-
torial entitled "The Wrong Approach,"
published in the Richmond, Va., Times-
Dispatch of August 6, 1967.
Virginius Dabney is editor of the
Times-Dispatch.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE WRONG APPROACH
Some months ago, the mayor of a large
likely spots for an outbreak of violence. Be-
fore the riots occurred in Detroit, Washing-
ton had spent more than $30 million on anti-
poverty activities In that city. It had also
pumped some $112 million into 28 urban re-
- development projects there. Obviously all this
cash didn't insure Detroit against disaster.
The trouble, says Mayor Cavanagh, who has
not changed his tune, is that even these large
sums were not enough. Still insisting that
federal funds are the secret of urban stabil-
ity
he asserted on "Meet the Press" that a
gested, f.nd more money is the answer, then
how much will it take to solve the problem
of urban crime and violence with dollars?
Even before the rioters and looters did $500
million worth of damage in Detroit,, Mr.
Cavanagh had placed a $15 billion price tag
on the cost of rebuilding his city. If the rest
of the country required similar amounts, it
.would take between $1 trillion and $2 trillion
to rebuild America's cities. And that would
consume virtually every cent of federal rev-
enue for the next 20 years at present tax
rates!
Obviously- money from Washington isn't
going to solve the problem quickly, if at all.
In fact, the whole idea that there is a direct
cause and effect relationship 'between pov-
erty and crime is open to serious challenge.
In 1939, average per capita income in the
U.S. wa; $695, total government welfare
spending was less than $10 billion a year
and unemployment was nearly 14 per cent.
':Today per capita income is four times as
great, unemployment is only one third as
severe and the government is spending seven
times as much on welfare programs-and yet
the rate of crime has doubled.
We have not only failed to combat crime
with cash. We may even have aggravated the
problem by this approach. All too often wel-
fare programs have eroded not only indi-
vidual responsibility and initiative, but also
the desire for self-improvement-the only
sure path to genuine prosperity. They have
likewise raised hopes and expectations be-
yond the government's ability to deliver.
When a promised utopia fails to materialize,
there Is bound to be resentment and trou-
ble-as is now altogether obvious.
An Important Person for an Important Job
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 7, 1967
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the
Office of Economic Opportunity is fortu-
Pittsburgh Press on July 23, 1967, Miss
Margaret A. Kilgore, of United Press In-
ternational, , described Miss Blatt as
"eminently qualified" for her difficult
position.
The article also pointed out that-
Miss Blatt's agency currently is hampered
by a lack of funds until Congress acts on
President Johnson's request to spend $2
billion during fiscal 1967-68 on the poverty
program.
I insert the Pittsburgh Press article at
this point in the RECORD, both to
acquaint my colleagues with a gifted
friend and to point up the importance
of acting favorably on the Economic
Opportunity Amendments of 1967 to en-
able dedicated public servants like Miss
Blatt to do their vital jobs properly.
The article follows: "
PREJUDICE SNAGS AID TO ELDERLY: MISS
BLATT'S JOB Is "OLD STORY"
(By Margaret A. Kilgore)
WASHINGTON (UPI).-A community builds
a recreation center for the elderly, but poor
old folk won't use it because they feel in-
ferior.
Other oldsters won't use it because they
don't want to mix with the poor.
What can be clone?
A myriad of problems such as this con-
front Genevieve Blatt, the Federal Govern-
ment's new assistant director for the older
persons program in the Office of Economic
Opportunity (OEO).
"When you're dealing with the elderly
you're facing a lifetime of habits and prej-
udices," Miss Blatt told UPI. "It's easy
enough. to say we'll spend money here or
there, but dealing with people is another
matter.."
In the unnamed community above, which
she cited as an example, the Federal Gov-
ernment and local interests built a com-
munity center where elderly persons could
go, meet people of their own age group and
mix socially.
It attracted a large group of educated,
middle class, white persons who enjoyed it.
But when community workers encouraged
attendance by elderly persons from lower
economic strata, they were uncomfortable. So
were the newcomers. As a result, no one came
to the community center.
"These are the kinds of problems we have
to solve," Miss Blatt explained, "and I don't
know how to beat it. But we must try. "
With medical statistics showing that each
generation is living longer, the problems of
dealing with the elderly will continue to in-
crease.
When Director Sargent Shriver of the anti-
poverty corps named Miss Blatt to her cur-
rent post, he chose a woman who is emi-
nently qualified.
A tall, graying brunette, Miss Blatt, 53, was
elected secretary of Internal Affairs in Penn-
sylvania in 1954, the first woman ever elected
to a Statewide office in Pennsylvania.
She was re-elected in 1958 and 1962, but
she lost a bid for a fourth term in 1966 to
then State Commerce Secretary John K.
Tabor by a margin of 67,000 votes.
A native of East Brady, Pa., and a lawyer,
Miss Blatt won the Democratic nomination
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August 7, 1967 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
in 1964 for the U.S. Senate over organization
candidate, Justice Michael A. Musmanno of
the State Supreme Court. She later lost a
close race to incumbent Sen. Hugh Scott,
Philadelphia Republican.
Before she was named to her current job,
Miss Blatt served on the President's Com-
mission on Law Enforcement and the Admin-
istration of Justice.
Part of her job includes overseeing opera-
tion of "Foster Grandparents" program which
has proven marginally successful by paying
hourly wages to the elderly poor to befriend
children in institutions and orphanages.
The Federal Government has spent be-
tween three and five million dollars during
fiscal 1966-67 to operate about four dozen
programs across the country.
She also finds it discouraging that so much
of the money is being directed only to the
elderly in cities with persons in the rural
areas forgotten,
"Everyone assumes that in a small town,
neighbors and relatives take care of you if
you are old or sick," she observed. "And,
fortunately, in many cases this is true. But
the rural areas shouldn't be neglected in the
interests of political considerations which
favor the city dweller."
Miss Blatt's agency currently is hampered
by a lack of funds until Congress acts on
President Johnson's request to spend two
billion dollars during fiscal 1967-68 on the
poverty program. The Federal Government
must have local co-operation, however.
In a recent speech to the 94th annual
forum of the National Conference on Social
Welfare, Miss Blatt urged: "I plead with
every social agency, with every agency of
government-Federal state and local-to pool
resources, combine forces and together do,
what none of them can do alone and do ade-
quately."
She said that for too long local welfare
agencies have concentrated their efforts on
children and family problems without ex-
panding their services for older persons.
J. Edgar Hoover-Public Servant No. I
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 7, 1967
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, at this
time we commemorate the completion of
50 years of distinguished public service
by Mr. J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Throughout the Nation expressions
of thanks are being extended to Mr.
Hoover by a grateful people for his
many contributions to_ the public well-
being.
Typical of these expressions is the edi-
torial which appeared in a recent edition
of the Alhambra, Calif., Post-Advocate.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
submit the editorial for inclusion in the
RECORD :
HALF CENTURY HEADING FBI
The national well-being of the United
States over the last 50 years has been pro-
foundly affected by the dedicated service of
J. Edgar Hoover. The half century of service
which he celebrated yesterday has seen the
very fabric of our national integrity and
,unity tested to the limit. Rock-like and un-
wavering, Mr. Hoover has been the voice of
conscience and the enemy of crime.
Fifty years of public service are, by any
standards, a tribute to selfless devotion to
duty. In John Edgar Hoover, the 72-year-old
director of the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
tion, the nation found the right man at the
right time for the right job.
And at. a time when the forces of crime
and anarchy constantly endeavor to. assert
themselves and overthrow the laws of this
nation, his implacable fight against them,
through the institution he leads, is our first
line of defense.
Not for him the double standard. Not for
him the compromise with the criminality.
Throughout his public life he has been the
very acme of principle and honesty, and an
example to all.
The law clerk who joined the Justice De-
partment 50 years ago today later became
the acting director of the Bureau of Inves-
tigation during its important formative
years, before it was "federal."
He built the FBI from a fledging inexpert
organization into the finest law-enforcement
agency in the world. He created from a few
widely dispersed agents the nucleus of a
crime-fighting machine which has grown to
more than 6,600 agents out of a total of 15,-
300 employes in 57 national divisions.
The FBI is J. Edgar Hoover. He is the
epitome of his department's agents. Their
exploits during the years from the Twenties
of probitition to the Sixties of LSD have en-
dured through many tests, with a dogged
tenacity and commendable success.
It was Mr. Hoover who brought profes-
sionalism to police work, insisting on train-
ing and education for a job formerly and
mistakenly regarded as requiring little of
either.
.He created the national academy which,
since 1935, has been providing outstanding
training for the "thin blue line" of police
from all parts of the nation. It was under
his direction that the national centralized
fingerprint division was born, now used by
all agencies. This year the giant computerized
stolen vehicles section went into operation,
aiding every patrolman.
The FBI has exemplified quiet, progres-
sive efficiency and integrity. It has earned
the respect of criminal and protected alike.
The strength stemmed from the God-fear-
ing right, high moral principles, stern disci-
plines and unimpeachable code of ethics by
which J. Edgar Hoover has shaped his life
and his department.
Hunger Politics
HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 7, 1967
Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, under leave
to extend my remarks in the RECORD; I
include portions of an outstanding edi-
torial which appeared in the News and
Courier of Charleston, S.C., on July 13,
1967, entitled "Hunger r'olitics." I com-
mend its reading to all Members of the
House:
HUNGER POLITICS
Reading between the lines of a report from
Washington about making free food more
readily available to hungry Americans, we
detect a distinct trace of politics.
The Secretary of Agriculture's announce-
ment of more liberal use of U.S. food stamps
followed a report from a team of doctors who
asserted they found hundreds of starving
children in Mississippi. The story intimates
that horrid white people are deliberately
taking bread out of children's mouths in an
attempt to drive out unwanted Negro popu-
lation.
A 3977
While we are not able to make unqualified
denial that some people are poorly nourished
in some parts of Mississippi-and no doubt
in every one of the other 49 states-we are
firmly of the opinion that the Southern re-
gion of the United States is one of the garden
spots of the world when it comes to easy
access to the necessities of life. Even those
who sit under a breadfruit tree could be
hungry if they lacked the energy or intelli-
gence to feed themselves.
Nasser T anfor Using Poison Gas in
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 7, 1967
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, it has
been disclosed that the Egyptians made
use of poison gas in their war in Yemen
early this year, and intended to u?e gas
in their war with Israel.
When Nasser discovered that he was
unable to defeat the small and backward
nation of Yemen, he decided to use a
weapon long outlawed by all the nations
of the world-poison gas.
When the U.N. refused to act after
receiving reports that poison gas was
being used by Egypt, the International
Red Cross sent a team of doctors to
north Yemen to investigate these reports.
I commend to the attention of our
colleagues an article which appeared in
the July 28. 1967, issue of the Jewish
Press concerning this matter.
The article contains the substance of
the report issued by the International
Red Cross, and follows :
NASSER'S PLANS FOR USING POISON GAS IN
ISRAEL-SECRET RED CROSS REPORT VERIFIES
EGYPTIANS USED POISON GAS
For the first time in modern history, a
weapon outlawed by civilized nations, poison
gas, was used by the United Arab Republic
against civilians. This fact was recently re-
vealed by the International Red Cross in a
secret report, which is now in the files of the
Jewish Press.
A Jewish Press staff correspondent who
was in Israel when the Arabs capitulated on
the Sinai desert had actually seen the poison
gas cylinders, ready for instantaneous use.
The documented and unbiased proof of
the use of poison gas by the United Arab Re-
public against civilians is now available to
the public. It coldly and clearly reveals what
the State of Israel faced from Nasser's forces
and points up the narrow escape from hor-
rible death that was the fortunate fate of
tens of thousands of Jewish soldiers and
civilians.
For several years now the United Arab Re-
public has intervened blatantly in the inter-
nal affairs of Yemen, setting up a puppet
Republican government loyal to Cairo's bid-
ding and sending in 50,000 troops to help
smash the opposition Royalist forces.
At first it had seemed that a modern army,
equipped with tanks and planes, could easi-
ly crush a ragged, primitive host of tribes-
men. But, as the months dragged by, the
Royalists continued to fight, taking a heav-
ier and heavier toll of Egyptians. Hundreds
of Nasser's troops perished and others were
captured-only to have an ear or a nose cut
off-and allowed to return to their fellow
soldiers and spread panic.
The stalemate was not only costly to Nas-
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CONGRSSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX August
ser in terms of money (nearly one million
dollars a month) but the fact that husbands
and children failed to come home from the
battle was costing him popularity at home.
In addition, the, humiliation of being un-
able to defeat a backward army was too
much for the Egyptian dictator to endure.
He therefore decided to use a weapon long
outlawed by all the net' ns of the world,
poison gas! Soon Egyptian planes began
regular bombing runs against Yemeni vil-
lages. In January of this 'ear, a raid on the
town of Ktaf in Northern Yemen, killed 170
people. In the first week 'of January alone,
the Royalists clamed that: gas took the lives
of 493 Yemenis.
On February 15, another poison gas at-
tack was launched, this time against the
village of Beni Salamah ir} Southern Yemen.
The continued reports were so obviously
true that it led to debate in the British
Parliament where Prime: Minister Wilson
declared that he had evidence "strongly sug-
gesting that poison gas had been used" in
Yemen.
On January 31 of this year, the Interna-
tional Committee of the Red Cross took the
unusual step of announcing its "concern
over the alleged use of poisonous gas". It
took the step despite lack of sufficient evi-
dence because it was so completely convinced
that the attacks had indeed occurred.
During this entire period the Cairo au-
thorities vehemently denied that gas had
been used by their troops. Despite this, the
reports continued and grew in intensity.
With the failure of any governmental agency
to take action, private individuals made it
their businets to ascertain the truth or
falsity of the gas stories. A number of in-
dividuals visited the area: and confirmed in
their minds that poison gas was indeed be-
ing used. They immediately sent private
petitions to the United Nations Committee
on Colonialism. Nothing more was heard of
these petitions.
On March 7, the United States and Great
Britain issued a blisteripg attack on the
Committee. Lord Caradoir, the permanent
British delegatedeclared that a subcommit-
tee that screened petitions to the 24-nation
committee on colonialism had censored the
private petitions and refused to circulate
them to the committee- because they were
critical of the United Arab Republic.
In an indignant statement, Richard John-
son, the United States $ epresentative de-
clared that there apparently existed a double
standard on the committee that permitted
circulation of petitions critical of Western
nations but not of Asian-Africans.
Despite this, no action; was taken as the
Communist-Asian-African; bloc consisting of
the Soviet Union, Syria, i[raq, India, Yugo-
slavia and Tanzania supported the sub-
committee's actions. The United Nations
failure to hear the charges was so blatant
that even the. Saudian 'Arabian delegate,
Jamil M. Baroody, attacked Secretary Gen-
eral U Thant for refusing to do anything'
about these charges or about the entire
Egyptian aggression in Yemen where over
100,000 persons had lost their lives.
But while the United Nations refused to
act, another international agency was quietly
going about getting clear and irrefutable
The International Red Cross now sent a
team of doctors to the town of Gahar in
North Yemen following an appeal from the
inhabitants who claimed to have been gassed
on the morning of May 10, 1967. Their in-
vestigation was methodical and painstaking
and a secret report was Issued. The Jewish
Press is in possession of this report.
The substance of the report follows:
The following statements were made by
the inhabitants who witnessed the incident:
1. Seventy-five persons died of poison gas
shorty after the raid.
They showed the following symptons:
shortness of- breath, coughing, pink foam at
the -mouth, general edema, especially the
foie;, no physical injuries.
3. The undersigned doctors examined the
fo it surviving victims and observed the
fo lowing:
Subjective symptoms: burning eyes and
trachea, internal thorax pain, extreme fa-
tiiu@, anorexia.
objective symptoms: dry cough, negative
ausculation in two patients, sign of bron-
chitis in the other two, conjunctivitis, facial
edema, no traumatic lesions, tympanum
in act.
3. The undersigned doctors examined a
copse four days after death and 12 hours
of zr burial
immediately, the common grave was
opened, and well before the corpses were
vfi.ible, there was a sweet penetrating smell
The bodies showed no traumatic lesions.
Tl.e skin was pink. Advanced and general
edema all over the body.
Cxaminat.":on of lungs: reddish-brown
throughout, enlargement, consistence and
fragility greatly increased, crepitation con-
sklerably reduced.
I'he undersigned doctors draw the follow-
ing logical conclusions from their findings:
. . The cause of death in the case of the
copse examined was pulmonary edema. The
over-all cor..sistency of the ICRC (Interna-
tional Committee of the Red Cross) medical
m ssion's findings shows that in all probabii-
it;' this pulmonary edema was caused by
incalation of toxic gas.
(Signed) RAYMOND JANIN,
ICRC Doctor-Delegate.
WILLY BRUTSCHIN,
Doctor-Delegate.
Signed at town Najran, May 18, 1967.
The ICBM Threat From China
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GLENARD P. LIPSCOMB
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE ROUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 7, 1967
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, there is
serious concern about Red China's grow-
in g nuclear weapons capability.
As a member of the-House Defense
Appropriations Subcommittee I have felt
ccmpelled to speak out about this prob-
lem; such as in my statement to the
Huse of Representatives June 13, 1967,
on the fiscal year 1968 Defense appro-
pi iction bill, to emphasize that we must
have action now to begin deployment of
ail anti-ba:ilistic-missile-ABM-system.
Funding to begin deployment of the
A:3M system was provided in last year's
Defense appropriation bill, and addi-
tit)nal funds for this purpose are pro-
vided in the Defense appropriation bill
cl rrently pending in Congress. Secre-
tary of Defense McNamara has, however,
di layed ABM deployment.
The urgency of the situation has once
a?:aln been underscored in the report just
released by the Joint Committee on
Atomic Energy. The Joint Committee
fcuxd that Communist China may have
a capability of attacking the United
States with nuclear missiles within sev-
eral years, possibly as early as 1970-71.
The Los Angeles Times, in a sobering
a: sessment of the Red Chinese ICBM
tI.reat, calls for an immediate start on
cc?nttruction of an anti-ballistic-missile
defense to counteract that threat. In
7, 1967
reaching this conclusion the Times
states that Secretary of Defense McNa-
mara's reasons for delay in construction
of antimissile system are overshadowed
by the rapid Chinese nuclear buildup.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
submit this timely editorial for inclusion
in the RECORD, because I know the sub-
ject is of great importance to the Con-
gress and the entire Nation.
THE ICBM THREAT FROM CHINA
Based on information obtained from vari-
ous intelligence agencies of the U.S. govern-
ment, the Joint Congressional Atomic En-
ergy Committee now reports that Commu-
nist China may have the capability to fire
nuclear missiles at the United States within
three or four years' time.
Although the committee feels any Chinese
attack in the early 1970s would be of "a low
order of magnitude:"-Le., perhaps only two
or three nuclear missiles-there is still sub-
stantial cause for concern. As of- now this
country does not possess an effective anti-
missile defense system. Even though a Chi-
nese attack would be "suicidal" in terms of
the destruction a U.S. nuclear response
would involve, the committee wisely does
not rule out the possibility of such an illogi-
cal move by Peking. -
The committee report differs, if only se-
mantically, from the publicly expressed
views of Defense Secretary McNamara, who
believes that the Chinese will not have a
"significant" missile capability until the
mid-1970s.
The key word is, of course, significant, by
which McNamara presumably means an
ICBM force of 50 or 60 missiles. This belief
does not rule out the possession by China,
perhaps by the end of this decade, of an
embryonic missile force capable of striking
the United States.
There is one view, also expressed by Mc-
Namara, that the reliability of Chinese mis-
siles in the 1970s would not be great, thereby
reducing or even eliminating their military
value. There are also some China specialists
who argue that Peking wants a nuclear
arsenal only for defensive or deterrent pur-
poses, and for the great power status nuclear
weapons carry.
No one can say for sure that these opin-
ions are incorrect. But what must also be
kept in mind is that U.S. officials have con-
sistently erred in estimating the nuclear
potential of China--as earlier they did with
the Soviet Union. And, while China may be
essentially defense-minded, there have been
enough examples in Peking of what are, to
the Western mind, irrational behavior pat-
terns to preclude any positive judgments
about what the Chinese may or may not do.
Given these considerations, It is impera-
tive that the United States prepare for the
worst. This means an immediate start on the
construction of an antimissile system cap-
able of counteracting a foreseeable Chinese
ICBM threat.
Preparatory work on such a system has
already been done, and reportedly there are
funds in the defense budget directly tied to
production of a system. But McNamara has
hesitated before, despite congressional pres-
sure, to go ahead with even a limited anti-
missile defense.
There are many reasons for the defense
secretary's caution, including economic and
domestic political problems; for example,
what areas such a system would cover. Also,
the Administration is seeking agreement
with the Soviets to :limit deployment of what
would be an extremely costly full-scale mis-
sile defense force.
These considerations, however, are over-
shadowed by the possible danger of a rapid
Chinese nuclear buildup. American security
requires a rapid start on deployment of a
missile defense system adequate to meet the
potential threat from China.
Approved For Release 2004/05/25 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300045-2