RAPID MOBILIZATION OF RESERVISTS A KEY FACTOR IN ISRAEL VICTORY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300022-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 40
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 11, 2004
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: June 29, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

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United States
of America
Vol. 113
r
Congressional Record
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 90th CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JUNE 29, 1967 No. 104
House of Representdtzuties
The House met at 11 o'clock a.m.
The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
Let not mercy and truth forsake thee;
bind them about thy neck; write them
upon the table of thine heart.-
Proverbs 3: 3.
0 God, our Father, the source of all
that is good in life, once again we come to
Thee: weak-seeking greater strength;
tired-needing more rest; worried-de-
siring a deeper peace. We have sought
satisfaction in the minor details of daily
life that do not matter much and have
left undone the major duties that matter
most. Forgive us, our Father, and
strengthen us by Thy spirit that the
business of this day may be done with
Thy cause in our hearts.
Awaken within us the spirit of friend-
liness and kindliness and good cheer.
Keep us from allowing disagreements
to make us disagreeable and from per-
mitting differences in us to make diff -
H.R. 1765. An act for the relief of Dr.
Ubaldo Gregorio CatasCs-Rodriguez;
H.R. 3523. An act for the relief of Chang-
You Wu, doctor of medicine.
H.R. 4930. An act for the relief of Mr. Rob-
ert A. Owen; and
H. Con. Res. 393. Concurrent resolution
that the two Houses shall adjourn on Thurs-
day, June 29, 1967, until 12 o'clock noon
on Monday, July 10, 1967.
The message also announced that the
Senate had passed with amendment in
requested, a concurrent resolution of-'the
House of the following title: I'll
H. Con. Res. 394. Concurrent'reedfution au-
thorizing the Speaker of the ouse of Rep-
resentatives and the Presi t of the Senate
to sign enrolled bills and joint resolutions
duly passed by th ewo Houses and found
truly enrolled. _,
erences between us. Kindle in our hearts .endments of the Senate to the bill
and in the hearts of all people the spire (H.R. 7501) entitled "An act making ap-
of good will. Let tolerance and and - propriations for the Treasury and Post
standing and compassion rule our sp' its Office Departments, the Executive Of-
and possess our souls. flee of the President, and certain inde-
Send us out into this day to our pendent agencies, for the fiscal year
work with all our might and at e entide ending June 30, 1968, and for other pur-
may this world be a better pl a be- poses."
cause we have lived and wor ed and The message also announced that the
The Journal of the proceedings of
yesterday was read and approed.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A message from the Senate by\*r.
Arrington, one of its clerks, announc
that the Senate had passed withou
Senate had passed bills of the following
titles, in which the concurrence of the
House is requested:
S. 1028. An act to amend title 5, United
States Code, to extend certain benefits to
former employees of county committees es-
tablished pursuant to section 8(b) of the
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment
Act, and for other purposes; and
S. 1862. An act to amend the authorizing
legislation of the Small Business Adminis-
tration, and for other purposes.
lution of the House of the following
titles :
H.R. 1516. An act for the relief of Giuseppe
Tocco;
H.R. 1703. An act for the relief of Angio-
lina Condello;
H.R. 1763, An act
Raul E.-Bertrdn;
H.R. 1764. An act
Ernesto M. Campello;
ROUSE AND PRESIDENT OF SEN-
ATE, TO SIGN ENROLLED BILLS
AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS FOUND
TRULY ENROLLED
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
for the relief of Dr. unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's desk the concurrent resolution
for the relief of Dr. (H. Con. Res. 394), authorization for the
Speaker of the House and the President
of the Sena t to sign enrolled bills and
joint resoluti s found truly enrolled,
with a Senatel amendment thereto, and
concur in the Senate amendment.
The Clerk ead the title of the con-
current reso tion.
The Cie read the Senate amend-
ment, as llows:
On pege 1, line 4, after "President" insert:
11
, P sident pro tempore, or the Acting Pres-
t pro tempore".
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
The Senate amendment was concurred
in.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
PERMISSION FOR SUBCOMMITTEE
ON GENERAL EDUCATION OF THE
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND
LABOR TO SIT TODAY DURING
GENERAL DEBATE
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Subcommit-
tee on General Education of the Commit-
tee on Education and Labor may sit while
the House is in session today during gen-
eral debate.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
TO AMEND THE OLDER AMERICANS
ACT OF 1965 SO AS TO EXTEND
ITS PROVISIONS
Mr. DANIELS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's desk the bill (H.R. 10730) to
amend the Older Americans Act of 1965
so as to extend its provisions, with Senate
amendments thereto, and concur in the
Senate amendments.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The Clerk read the Senate amend-
ments, as follows:
Page 2, line 4, after "1968," insert "$16,-
000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30,
'1969,'.
Page 2, line 5, strike out "1969," and insert
"1970,".
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Mr. SIE.ES. Mr. Speaker, little has
been said about the fact that the Israel
A: my, which enjoyed such pheonomenal
success against the Arabs, is very largely
made up of reserves. This attests further
to _the significance of the Israel victory,
but it points up a possible serious weak-
ness in the organization and training of
the Reserve components in the United
States. Israel was able to call out 120,000
reserves and have them ready for battle
in days; an equivalent picture in this
country would be for the United States
to more than double its effective active
ditty forces inside of 2 peeks.
The Israel military reserve and mobili-
zation system is a model of efficiency.
Scqne of the best units were combat ready
or.ly 12 hours after the callup. All units
wore ready within 48 hours. This reserve
mobilization system gives Israel a highly
responsive striking force without impos-
in; on her the burden of a large regular
army. Obviously the United States has
nc= comparable efficiency in its Reserve
components. The blame for this cannot
be laid at the door of the Reserves. For
m)st of them, the Pentagon has provided
nc counterpart of the vigorous training
program conducted by the Israelis or the
in mediate availability of modern com-
bat equipment,
In this connection, I submit, for re-
printing in the RECORD, an interesting
commentary from the pen of Charles
Mahr in the New York Times of June 13:
R1YID MOBILIZATION OF RESERVISTS A KEY
FACTOR IN ISRAELI VICTORY
(By Charles Mohr)
BANIYAS, SYRIA, June 12.-The Israeli Army
is a highly professional striking force but it
is Iomposed overwhelmingly of amateurs.
Israel's military reserve and mobilization
spatem, a model of efficiency, constituted one
of the major factors in the quick victory
ac sieved against the Arabs.
the army that destroyed six Egyptian divi-
sicus in the desert, conquered Jerusalem and
d1 lodged the Syrian Army from fortified hill
positions did not exist physically four weeks
ags. It existed in the card indexes of the
ofl.ces of reserve units in every Israeli town
and city. Some of the best units were combat-
reirdy only twelve hours after commandeered
tacis began delivering call-up notices to
Israeli homes, mostly on the evening of May
20 Even "sloppy" units were ready within 48
he urs.
it is this reserve-mobilization system that
gives Israel a highly responsive striking force
without imposing on her the burden of sup-
pe rting a large regular army. It is a volun leer
ar ny in a real sense. During the present crisis
so,ae reserve units had a 108 per cent response
to the call-up as over-age and discharged re-
sevists tried to get back into combat units.
There were almost no evasions of the call-
uForders. "Next to Nasser," said a lieutenant
Co.onel, "our biggest obstacle to success was
pe3ple arguing with us and trying to get in
th 9 action."
LIFE ENDS AT 45
`I .don't know about other countries," said
another officer, "but in Israel the male cla-
m: enteric comes at 45 when you must leave
the active reserves. We say life ends at 45."
for the ingenious, however, there are ways
to see action after 45 and they were eagerly
ta: ten advantage of. Part of the Israeli war
plain is to mobilize a large number of civilian
ve iicles. The owners of such vehicles have
the right to volunteer to drive them even if
ov )r-age, and most owners did so almost
jo:iously.
There is. universal conscription for both
boys and girls, the former serving 30 months
and the latter 20 months, usually at about
age18.
These conscripts spend their entire active
service in training because the Israeli staff
believes that only a superbly trained army
can protect the country. No time is: wasted on
garrison duty or in occupying staiic defense
posts. Normally a special border police force
Page 2, line 5, strike out "three" and insert
"two".
Page 2, line 13, strike out " "15" and in-
sert " "10".
Page 2, line 25, after "1968," insert "$10,-
000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1969,".
Page 3, line 1, strike out "1969," and in-
sert "1970,".
Page 3, line 1, strike put "three" and insex;t
"two".
Page 4, after line 15, insert:
"(g) The first sentence=of section 302(b)
of the Older Americans Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C.
3022(b)) is amended by striking out "shall
be available for reallotment" and inserting
in lieu thereof "shall be reallotted"."
Page 4, after line 15, insert:
"STUDY OF NEED FOR TRAINED PERSONNEL
"SEC. 6. Title V of the Older Americans
Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C., ch. 35, subch. V) is
amended by adding at the end thereof the
following new section:
"'STUDY OF NEED FOR TRAINED PERSONNEL
"'SEC. 503. (a) The Secretary Is authorized
to undertake, directly or by grant or con-
tract, a study and evaluation of the immedi-
ate and foreseeable need for trained person-
nEil to carry out programs related to the
objectives of this Act, and:of the availability
and adequacy of the educational and train-
ing resources for persons preparing to. work
in such programs. On or, before March 31,
1968, he shall make a report to the President
and to the Congress, of his findings and rec-
ommendations resulting from such study, in-
cluding whatever specific proposals, includ-
ing legislative proposals, he deems will assist
in insuring that the need for such trained
specialists will be met.
"'(b) In carrying out this section the Sec-
retary shall consult with the Advisory Com-
mittee on Older Americans, the President's
Council on Aging, appropriate Federal
agencies, State and local officials, and such
other public or nonprofit private agencies,
organizations, or institutions as he deems
appropriate to insure that, his proposals un-
der subsection (a) reflect national require-
ments.' "
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
Jersey?
There was no objection.
The Senate amendments were con-
curred in.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table..
Mr. REID of New York. Mr. Speaker,
I am happy that the House has passed
unanimously the Older Americans Act
Amendments of 1967, as further amended
by the Senate. I believe that in the main
the changes adopted by the other body
will strengthen the intent and the ad-
ministration of this legislation, and the
1967 amendments as a whole represent a
continuity of progress for our senior citi-
zens who, in many cases, have yet to
make their most valuable contributions
to the community and to the Nation. The
Older Americans Act, and the Adminis-
tration on Aging established thereunder,
can help to see that they are given that
opportunity.
. -.d
per
[J" RAPID MOBILIZATION OF RESERV-
ISTS A KEY FACTOR IN ISRAEL
VICTORY
(Mr. SIKES asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, and to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
REGULAR FORCE IS SMALL,
Thus the conscripts in service are not
really a part of the "'regular" army! although
the description is usually applied to them.
The true regulars consist only of a small
group of officers of the rank of captain and
above and senior noncommissioned officers-
a nucleus around which the army is built at
full mobilization.
After national service training men are as-
signed to reserve units and remain in them
until age 45. Those reservists keep basic per-
sonnel equipment, such as fatique uniforms,
webbing boots, at home.
Like most democratic nations, Israel has
a grumbler's army in peacetime, and a 90
per cent response to annual training call-
ups is considered good.
"Every device of the human imagination
is used to avoid the training call-ups," an
officer said, "and although by law we are
allowed to call men up for 30 days each
year, political pressures mean that most men
get less than a week's training each year,,
which is not enough.
"But when war comes, all this changes and
the same men who have fought for exemp-
tions fight to get back in.."
The call-up notices are usually delivered
at night or in the evening by taxi drivers
and other messengers because, as one staff
officer says, "They are at home !then and
that is when you catch your fish.".
One Haifa civilian who fought his way to
this Syrian town described it this way: "I
came home from a drive with my wife and
children and there 'It was-greetings!"
The summoned reservist make . his own
way to the armory or storehouse oi' his unit,
where he Is issued weapons, ammunition
and other equipment. None of this is as
smooth or easy as it may sound for the small
number of regulars who must maintain these
stores in a state of readiness.
"Even the flashlight issued to a company
commander must be filled with fresh bat-
teries," said one regular.
Ideally, the plan Is that everyEtank and
jeep should be able to start at a touch of the
Ignition button. Fuel is regularly, changed,
batteries are checked and radiator's are kept
flushed.
The military system is built around a phi-
losophy that is almost totally offensive and
does not anticipate prolonged defense. Is-
rael's military doctrine is essentiily to at-
tack, but first, to plan for the attack.
On the first day, of the war, 25 Arab air-
fields were bombed. and strafed, some re-
peatedly, within three hours. On the Syrian
front, assault infantry units knew far in ad-
vance exactly how they would tackle Syria
strongpoints.
Though discipline sometimes seems in.
formal, that does not mean it is Mx. Instant
and determined response to combat orders
is expected and officers who let an attack bog
down may be removed almost immediately
from command.
MEANING BEHIND SOVIET TALK OF
WITHDRAWAL FROM TERRITO-
RIES OCCUPIED BY FORCE
(Mr.. FEIGHAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
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minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, repre-
sentatives of the Soviet Union in the
General Assembly of the United Nations
vehemently demanded the withdrawal of
the armed forces of Israel from the Arab
territory now occupied after the Middle
East conflict.
As a matter of fact, Soviet Premier
Kosygin himself declared at the U.N.:
In the Twentieth Century no country has
the right to expand borders by military
action.
Mr. Speaker, shotgun approaches to
matters of this kind never have been
good and I think probably the most
glaring illustration of that is the action
that was taken yesterday.
For example, in the launch vehicle
procurement area which is one of the
items that was included in the shotgun
approach in the motion to recommit,
$78.7 million was eliminated out of $150.7
million-all of which has been scheduled
to launch the unmanned satellite system
in this country in the years to come.
This could well mean that we will have
hundreds of millions of dollars of un-
manned satellites sitting on the ground
waiting for a launch vehicle to put those
satellites into orbit.
In addition, the only planetary pro-
gram that this country has of any mean-
ing and of any stature, is the Voyager
program, which was again cut in the
shotgun approach. This is the only area
in which we are behind the Russians, in
terms of eff ort, and in this regard we are
substantially behind. The Soviets have
been aggressive in this area and have
launched at least four times as many
satellites, for whatever value-and I
think it is important to at least be aware
of the fact that the Russians think that
this is a very important area-for what-
ever value, they have launched at least
four times as many satellites in this par-
ticular program area as has the United
States. So I say again that those who
voted for the motion to recommit ought
to know full well the responsibilitiy they
must assume.
I do not know how we can correct this
in conference because of the narrow
margin that exists between the House
bill and the Senate bill. However, I am
hopeful that something can be worked
out so that this can be done and so that
we can, if we do nothing else, save the
taxpayers of this country several hun-
dreds of millions of dollars that they
have now invested in satellites. If the
House position is receded to by the other
body, it will mean that those satellites
will sit on the ground waiting for a
launch vehicle to launch them. It will
mean the Soviets will further outdis-
tance us, and badly so. It means this
Nation's planetary program dies for the
next 5 to 10 years.
Further, I am hopeful that the Appro-
priations Committee will note that sev-
eral items cut in the shotgun recommit-
tal motion, were individually debated on
the floor and amendments thereto were
badly defeated.
ISRAELI ATTACK ON U.S.S.
"LIBERTY"
(Mr. HOSMER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
Israeli military, but that it was ordered
at a sufficiently high level to permit co-
ordination of the Israel air and naval
forces involved. This means that some
officer or officers of relativvely high rank
must have acted on their own initiative.
I have heard reports that similar breeches
of military discipline at intermediate
levels occurred during the previous Arab-
Israeli war.
It is to be noted that an Israel court
of inquiry has held an investigation,
but its findings in this matter have not
been released. The Israel Government
has announced that a judicial inquiry is
underway which may lead to court-
martial proceedings against those re-
sponsible.
The fact that the U.S.S. Liberty was a
Victory hull vessel, hundreds of which
were produced and used by the U.S. Navy
during World War II and since, rules out
the possibility of mistaken identity.
Every ship recognition book in the world
has, for years, identified the character-
istic Victory hull and superstructure of
the U.S.S. Liberty as U.S. Navy property.
What those responsible for this out-
rage sought to gain can, at this point,
be only a matter of speculation. It is
possible' that in hot headed excitement
they believed the attack might involve
both the United States and the U.S.S.R.
in the conflict. It is possible that they
believed a bald attack of this nature
might keep these two superpowers out.
It is possible that, heady with victory on
the land, those responsible sought a
means at sea to further demonstrate
Israeli military might.
Whatever is the reason for the attack,
it was an act of high piracy. Those re-
sponsible should be court-martialed on
charges of murder, amongst other counts.
The Israel Government should pay full
reparations to the United States and in-
demnities to the families of the Ameri-
cans killed.
If one could believe in the sincerity
of the Soviet declarations, which pretend
to serve international peace, the Soviets
should first withdraw the Red army
from the territories they have occupied
forcibly since 1939.
It is well known that the Soviets keep
approximately 28 fully equipped divi-
sions occupying countries that would
rather be free of the Russian influence.
It is also well known that Baltic nations
and other countries have been incorpo-
rated into the Soviet Union and a num-
ber of once free European nations be-
came the victims of Soviet expansion.
The Soviet Union should withdraw from
Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, and parts of
Rumania and Poland, which became vic-
tims of the Soviet expansion that has
taken place in the 20th century.
Only if they do so, will their position
on the Middle East be tenable.
CORRECTION OF THE RECORD
Mr. RYAN., Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent that my speech in the CoN-
GRESSIONAL RECORD of May 24, 1967, page
H6098 be corrected as follows: Insert the
word "year" in the last sentence of the
second paragraph so that the sentence
will read: "The next year, we fought for
funds and obtained a supplemental ap-
propriation of $9.5 million for fiscal year
1966."
Also on June 20, 1967, page H7519, last
paragraph of my remarks, second sen-
tence, the words should read "rising sun"
instead of "rising run."
Also on June 20, page H7538, be cor-
rected as follows: In the first paragraph,
second sentence add the word "of" so
that the sentence reads as follows: "I de-
plore the suggestion on the part of any-
one that the citizens of Hawaii,"-and so
forth.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the requests of the gentleman from New
York?
There was no objection.
SHOTGUN APPROACH TO NASA AP-
PROPRIATIONS WILL COST THE
TAXPAYERS PLENTY
(Mr. KARTH asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, I take this
time merely to inform the House of the
results of the action it took yesterday
so far as the motion to recommit is con-
cerned on the bill, H.R. 10340, authoriz-
ing appropriations to the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration.
THE NASA AUTHORIZATION BILL
(Mr. WAGGONNER asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 diinute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, yes-
terday the House in voting to reduce the
line items of the NASA authorization, as
contained in H.R. 10340, did not do what
some people thought they did and did
not do what the press in some ways re-
ported this morning. I make this state-
ment for the benefit of those who think
they voted to reduce the authorization.
I think they should review the matter,
because this House did not vote to re-
duce the NASA authorization one penny
beyond the $65 million reduction which
the committee accepted. A request was
made of the Congress for an authoriza-
remarks.) tion of $4,992,182,000.
Mr. HOSMER. I can only conclude that The gentleman from Indiana [Mr.
the coordinated attack by aircraft and RoUDEBUSH] moved, and the committee
motor torpedo boats on the U.S.S. Liberty accepted his amendment, to reduce this
151/2 miles north of Sinai on June 8 authorization in the overall by $65 mil-
which killed 34 officers and men of the lion. This, in fact, reduced the overall
Navy and wounded another 75 was authorization to $4,927,182,000. The gen-
deliberate. tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FULTON],
I do not believe the attack was ordered in his motion to recommit, asked that
at the highest command level of the individual line items be reduced to the
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extent of $136.4 million. They ignored rained yesterday. We had, in this AEC Uncle Sam as a rule demands to know
the overall total of the authorization re- authorization bill, accustomed to the "Why?" And ordinarily we do not stop
quest as contained on page 1 of the bill. prccedure of previous years, this same with just a demand.
So the net effect of the action yester- parliamentary problem. During this in- There are many Members in this
day was this: We have an authorization term period we consulted with the par- House who have sons in ,our National De-
today, as passed by this House, for $4,- liaraentarian and lawyers, and we have fense Establishment. There are thou-
927,182,000, which is $136.4 million in. an amendment which will be offered, sands of others all
C over this land who
excess of the total of the line items as wh' ch will correct the situation, as soon have sons and daughters in such. They
contained in the bill, which means this, as the proper time comes: are spread to the four corners' of this
that NASA now has an authorization Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, earth, and their objective is to promote
which contains a contingency fund, or a will the gentleman yield? and maintain peace in the world, and
slush fund, or whatever whe want to call Mr. HOLIFIELD. I yield to the dis- everybody knows it. There is no doubt
it, of $136.4 million that they can spend tin?ulshed minority leader. about that. These men at all times are
as they choose, if the Appropriations Mr; GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, entitled to the strong backing of every
Committee appropriates the money as .,w mTptf n-Te-nT_Me gen re Mhzr-from
citizen of this land of every race and
authorized. - foricia and the Joint Committee for ap- e~Lry reed. They are entitled; to and
Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speajrri the gen- prey iiating the difficulties that a bill in should nee the strong arm as well as
tl
eman yield? c.
Mr. WAGGONNER. I yield to the gen-
tleman from Minnesota.
Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, is it
not true, I would ask the gentleman in
the well-and I congratulate him for his
statement and concur completely with
him-that it creates a $136 million slush
fund, but it does cut very, important line
items which can put us in a straitjacket
so that we cannot perform properly this
space program?
Mr. WAGGONNER. In my opinion, it
does. That is all I can express.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WAGGONNER. I yield to the dis-
tinguished minority leader.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
the gentleman from Louisiana has
pointed up the problem I mentioned on
the floor yesterday. We in the Committee
of the Whole and subsequently in the
House were faced with a, parliamentary
situation which was precipitated by the
action of the Committee on Science and
Astronautics. It was a bad situation, but
the House as a whole was not respon-
sible for it.
The format of the bill was submitted
to the Committee of the Whole and to
the House by the Committee oil Science
and Astronautics. All we could do, after
the first amendment was approved, was
to operate on line items., We were not
responsible for the format of the bill
which did straitjacket the whole mem-
bership.
There is no slush fund In the author-
ization bill. Sure, there is an extra $134.6
million in the overall total, but I suspect
that the Committee on Appropriations
will take that into accounts and make the
necessary decisions so the appropriations
will conform to the line items and not to
the overall amount.
Mr. WAGGONNER. The gentleman
may be right about that. The Appropri-
ations Committee may do this. The point
I make is this: This House did not vote
to cut the overall authorization.
ACTION TAKEN BY JOIJ4T COMMIT-
TEE ON ATOMIC ENERGY TO COR-
RECT FORMAT OF BILL
(Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask
for this time to comment on the problem
which the distinguished minority leader
that format presents the House as a
wh(le. I thank the committee for taking
the proper action so that we will not be
stra jtjacketed in the House and so that
our -conferees will not be straitjacketed
in conference.
Mr. HOLIFIELD. Exactly. The gentle-
maiI has rendered a service to the House
in pointing out a longstanding potential
pro')lem in the language In bills. Our
corr. mittee was very happy to make this
adjustment, because, as the gentleman
has said, it not only protects the rights of
the Members of the House, but also pro-
tects the conferees when they go into
con:Terence with the other body.
I appreciate the gentleman calling this
to cur attention, and on both sides we
are most happy to prepare to meet this
problem.
(Mr. ABERNETHY asked and w
rem arks. )
Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr.
trea Ted end Ply too lightly by this Gov~
ernr.ierrt. o say the least, too little has
beer sai brut it. This useless, unneces-
saryinexcusable attack took the
lives o 34 American boys, wounded 75
other % and left many others in a state of
horn ed shock, to say nothing of what it
did o a flag-flying vessel of the U.S.
Nay i. How could this be treated so lightly
in 'ifs the greatest Capitol In all the
11?
Dave heard Members of this House,
d many, many others, say that if this
d been done by others, the leaders of
o not have any feeling against those,
tivel:r iun'ucessary, unjustified, and in-
excu sable. Therefore, regardless of who is
responsible-friendly or unfriendly--
wherc American sons are unnecessarily
killed by unprovoked military attack,
even in a case of mistaken identity,
wounded on the Liberty s
The Liberty ship was
1/2 miles off-
beyond that
beyoud that
ael.
ago on Flag Day. But what respept have
we shown for it since it was so recklessly
shot down by the Israel attackers?
What complaint have we reg tered?
What has Washington said? To tell you
the truth, this great Capital as well as
this great Government-if it can still be
called great-was and is as quiet as the
tomb regarding this horrible event.
The Pentagon has just concluded and
made public a report on this incident.
According to reports in the new' media
this morning, the Pentagon said the
attackers "had ample opportunity" to
identify the ship before that which it
described as the "unprovoked" attack.
The Pentagon stressed that the Liberty
was clearly marked, that it was in inter-
national waters, that it had a right to be
where it was, and that the attack was
incessant, heavy and hard; that the at-
tack came from both planes and torpedo
boats, designed not simply to knock out
but to destroy the ship and its men.
With due respect for the top leaders
of our Government--the White House,
the State Department, and the Con-
gress-it is not enough, Mr. Speaker, to
allow this matter to drop with a simple
statement of regret from those respon-
sible for the attack, no matter how sin-
cere the state may be. It is not enough
to let it drop with a simple statement
that the attackers just happened to make
a mistake. This is too serious a matter to
accept a simple "Excuse us, please"
sort of statement. There must bG more
than this to assure cur men, our people,
and our Nation that another nation must
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 June 29, 1967 Approved FoCaIf AQ 2 ]E@ P6$ffAi9R000200300022-7 H 8285
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, repre-
sentatives of the Soviet Union in the
General Assembly of the United Nations
vehemently demanded the withdrawal of
the armed forces of Israel from the Arab
territory now occupied after the Middle
East conflict.
As a matter of fact, Soviet Premier
Kosygin himself declared at the U.N.:
In the Twentieth Century no country has
the right to expand borders by military
action.
Mr. Speaker, shotgun approaches to
matters of this kind never have been
good and I think probably the most
glaring illustration of that is the action
that was taken yesterday.
For example, in the launch vehicle
procurement area which is one of the
items that was included in the shotgun
approach in the motion to recommit,
$78.7 million was eliminated out of $150.7
million-all of which has been scheduled
to launch the unmanned satellite system
in this country in the years to come.
This could well mean that we will have
If one could believe in the sincerity hundreds of, millions of dollars of un-
of the Soviet declarations, which pretend manned satellites sitting on the ground
to serve international peace, the Soviets waiting for a launch vehicle to put those
should first withdraw the Red army satellites into orbit.
from the territories they have occupied In addition, the only planetary pro-
forcibly since 1939. gram that this country has of any mean-
It is well known that the Soviets keep ing and of any stature, is the Voyager
approximately 28 fully equipped divi- prograI,p,,..._wh4eh--w&&.a ain cut in the
sinus occupying nn?ntraes that _ gun approach. This is 8uly area
suostantlauy oenma. -i-ne oovlets nave
been aggressive in this area and have
launched at least four times as many
satellites, for whatever value-and I
think it is important to at least be aware
of the fact that the Russians think that
this is a very important area-for what-
ever value, they have launched at least
four times as many satellites in this par-
ticular program area as has the United
States. So I say again that those who
voted for the motion to recommit ought
to know full well the responsibilitiy they
rated into the Soviet Union and a num-
ber of once free European nations be-
came the victims of Soviet expansion.
The Soviet Union should withdraw from
Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, and parts of
Rumania and Poland, which became vic-
tims of the Soviet expansion that has
taken place in the 20th century.
Only if they do so, will their position
on the Middle East be tenable.
CORRECTION OF THE RECORD
Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent that my speech in the CoN-
GRESSIONAL RECORD of May 24, 1967, page
H6098 be corrected as follows: Insert the
word "year" in the last sentence of the
second paragraph so that the sentence
will read: "The next year, we fought for
funds and obtained a supplemental ap-
propriation of $9.5 million for fiscal year
1966."
Also on June 20, 1967, page H7519, last
paragraph of my remarks, second sen-
tence, the words should read "rising sun"
instead of "rising run."
Also on June 20, page H7538, be cor-
rected as follows: In the first paragraph,
second sentence add the word "of" so
that the sentence reads as follows: "I de-
plore the suggestion on the part of any-
one that the citizens of Hawaii,"-and so
forth.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the requests of the gentleman from New
York?
There was no objection.
SHOTGUN APPROACH TO NASA AP-
PROPRIATIONS WILL COST THE
1 AXPA Y i~'RS PLi~:N Y I
(Mr. KARTH asked and was given`
permission to address the House for 1,
minute.)
Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, I take this
time merely to inform the House of the
results of the action it took yesterday
so far as the motion to recommit is con-
cerned on the bill, H.R. 10340, authoriz-
ing appropriations to the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration.
must assume.
I do not know how we can correct t
in conference because of the nar w
margin that exists between the 6use
bill and the Senate bill. Howeve , I am
hopeful that something can b worked
out so that this can be done d so that
we can, if we do nothing 9se, save the
taxpayers of this countr several hun-
dreds of millions of Lars that they
have now invested i satellites. If the
House position is r eded to by the other
body, it will me that those satellites
will sit on th ground waiting for a
launch vehic to launch them. It will
mean the 6viets will further outdis-
tance us, nd badly so. It means this
Nation's anetary program dies for the
next 5 t 10 years.
Fu er, I am hopeful that the Appro-
priat' ns Committee will note that sev-
era tems cut in the shotgun recommit-
ta otion, were individually debated on
t e floor and amendments thereto were
ISRAELI ATTACK ON U.S.S.
"LIBERTY"
(Mr. HOSMER asked and.was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. HOSMER. I can only conclude that
the coordinated attack by aircraft and
motor torpedo boats on the U.S.S. Liberty
151/2 miles north of Sinai on June 8
which killed -34 officers and men of the
Navy and wounded another 75 was
deliberate.
I do not believe the attack was ordered
at the highest command level of the
Israeli military; but that it was ordered
at a sufficiently high level to permit co-
ordination of the Israel air and naval
forces involved. This means that some
officer or officers of relatively high rank
must have acted on their own initiative.
I have heard reports that similar breeches
of military discipline at intermediate
levels occurred during the previous Arab-
Israeli war.
It is to be noted that an Israel court
of inquiry has held an investigation,
but its findings in this matter have not
been released. The Israel Government
has announced that a' judicial inquiry is
underway which may lead to court-
martial proceedings against those re-
sponsible.
The fact that the U.S.S. Liberty was a
Victory hull vessel, hundreds of which
were produced and used by the U.S. Navy
during World War II and since, rules out
the possibility of mistaken identity.
Every ship recognition book in the world
has, for years, identified the character-
believed the attack might involve
the United States and the U.S.S.R.
ght keep these two superpowers out.
is possible that, heady with victory on
means at sea to further demonstrate
Israeli military might.
Whatever is the reason for the attack,
it was an act of high piracy. Those re-
sponsible should be court-martialed on
charges of murder, amongst other counts.
The Israel Government should pay full
reparations to the United States and in-
demnities to the families of the Ameri-
cans killed.
THE NASA AUTHORIZATION BILL
(Mr. WAGGONNER asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, yes-
terday the House in voting to reduce the
line items of the NASA authorization, as
contained in H.R. 10340, did not do what
some people thought they did and did
not do what the press in some Ways re-
ported this morning. I make this state-
ment for the benefit of those who think
they voted to reduce the authorization.
I think they should review the matter,
because this House did not vote to re-
duce the NASA authorization one penny
beyond the $65 million reduction which
the committee accepted. A request was
made of the Congress for an authoriza-
tion of $4,992,182,000.
The gentleman from Indiana [Mr.
ROUDEBUSH] moved, and the committee
accepted his amendment, to reduce this
authorization in the overall by $65 mil-
lion. This, in fact, reduced the overall
authorization to $4,927,182,000. The gen-
tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FULTON],
in his motion to recommit, asked that
individual line items be reduced to the
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 H 8286
Approved For F eCI if W69B ??000200300022-7icne 29, 1967
raised yesterday. We had, in this AEC
autoarization. bill, accustomed to the
pro;edure of previous years, this same
parliamentary problem. During this in-
tern m period we consulted with the par-
liarlentarian and lawyers, and we have
an amendment which will be offered,
which will correct the situation, as soon
as the proper time comes.
Air. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Air. HOLIFIELD. I yield to the dis-
tini*,uished minority leader.
Air. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
I compliment the gentleman from Cali-
fonia and the Joint Committee for ap-
pre3iating the difficulties that a bill in
that format presents the House as a
whole. I thank the committee for taking
the proper action so that we will not be
strfEitjacketed in the House and so that
our conferees will not be straitjacketed
in conference.
Air. HOLIFIELD. Exactly. The gentle-
ma:z has rendered a service to the House
in pointing out a longstanding potential
problem in the language in bills. Our
con imittee was very happy to make this
adjustment, because, as the gentleman
has said, it not only protects the rights of
the Members of the House, but also pro-
tec- s the conferees when they go into
conference with the other body.
I appreciate the gentleman calling this
to )ur attention, and on both sides we
are most happy to prepare to meet this
problem.
?N~
AtI'ACK ON THE U.S.S. "LIBERTY"
extent of $136.4 million: They ignored
the overall total of the authorization re-
quest as contained on page 1 of the bill.
So the net effect of the action yester-
day was this: We have an authorization
today, as passed by this House, for $4,-
927,182,000, which is $1'36.4 million in
excess of the total of the line items as
contained in the bill, which means this,
that NASA now has an authorization
which contains a contingency fund, or a
slush fund, or whatever we want to call
it, of $136.4 million that they can spend
as they choose, if the Appropriations
Committee appropriates' the money as
authorized.
Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. WAGGONNER. I yield to the gen-
tleman from Minnesota.
Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, is it
not true, I would ask the gentleman in
the well-and I congratulate him for his
statement and concur completely with
him-that it creates a $106 million slush
fund, but it does cut very important line
items which can put us in a straitjacket
so that we cannot perform properly this
space program?
Mr. WAGGONNER. In my opinion, it
does. That is all I can express.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD). Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WAGGONNER. I yield to the dis-
tinguished minority leader.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
the gentleman from Louisiana has
pointed up the problem i mentioned on
the floor yesterday. We in the Committee
of the Whole and subsequently in the
House were faced with a parliamentary
situation which was precipitated by the
action of the Committee'on Science and
Astronautics. It was a bad situation, but
the House as a whole was not respon-
sible for it.
The format of the bill was submitted
to the Committee of the Whole and to
the House by the Committee on Science
and Astronautics. All we could do, after
the first amendment was approved, was
to operate on line items. We were not
responsible for the format of the bill
which did straitjacket the whole mem-
bership.
There is no slush fund in the author-
ization bill. Sure, there is: an extra $134.6
million in the overall total, but I suspect
that the Committee on Appropriations
will take that into account and make the
necessary decisions so the appropriations
will conform to the line items and not to
the overall amount.
Mr. WAGGONNER. the gentleman
may be right about that, The Appropri-
ations Committee may do this. The point
I make is this: This House did not vote
to cut the overall authorization.
ACTION TAKEN BY JOINT COMMIT-
TEE ON ATOMIC ENERGY TO COR-
RECT FORMAT OF BILL
(Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask
for this time to comment; on the problem
which the distinguishedminority leader
(Mr. ABERNETHY asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend his
ren [arks.)
Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, I did
not hear all of the speech of the gentle-
man from California [Mr. HosMEal but
of what I did hear I wish to approve and
be ;associated with.
The Liberty ship incident-and indeed
it was more than an incident-has been
treated entirely too lightly by this Gov-
ernment. To say the least, too little has
been said about it. This useless, unneces-
sary and inexcusable attack took the
live of 34 American boys, wounded 75
others, and left many others in a state of
horrified shock, to say nothing of what it
did to a flag-flying vessel of the U.S.
Na 7y. How could this be treated so lightly
in this the greatest Capitol in all the
wo::Id?
I have heard Members of this House,
and many, many others, say that if this
had been done by others, the leaders of
our. Government would have moved in
with sternness and appropriate demands
or oven retaliatory action.
I do not have any feeling against those,
as individuals or as a people, who were
responsible for this assault, destruction,
and death. But according to the report
which appeared in the papers this morn-
ing it was, as I had felt all along, posi-
tivoly unnecessary, unjustified, and In-
ex( usable. Therefore, regardless of who is
res' ponsible--friendly or unfriendly-
when American sons are unnecessarily
kill ed by unprovoked military attack,
even in a case of mistaken identity,
Uncle Sam as a rule demands to know
"Why?" And ordinarily we do not stop
with just a demand.
There are many Members in this
House who have sons in our National De-
fense Establishment. There are thou-
sands of others all. over this land who
have sons and daughters in such. They
are spread to the four corners of this
earth, and their objective is to promote
and maintain peace in the world, and
everybody knows it. There is no doubt
about that. These men at all times are
entitled to the strong backing of every
citizen of this land of every race and
every creed. They are entitled to and
should have the strong arm, as, well as
the strong voice of their Government and
their people behind them. But ~~vvho has
spoken out in their behalf from this land
since some of their number were so sud-
denly shot down and others so severely
wounded on the Liberty ship?
The Liberty ship was 15'/2 rn4les off-
shore, more than ]12 miles beyond that
which we recognize as territorial waters.
It was more than 91/2 miles beyond that
recognized by Egypt as territorial water,
and it was 91/2 miles beyond the terri-
torial waters claimed by Israel.
Before the attack, the Pentagon said
unidentified planes flew in and about the
ship. Undoubtedly these were the planes
of the subsequent attackers. he ship
was well marked, so said the P ntagon.
Its name was painted on its stern. U.S.
letters and numbers were on its bow. The
day was clear. And it was distinctly flying
the flag that you and I stood ere and
so praised and respected just a Jew days
ago on Flag Day. But what respect have
we shown for it since it was so recklessly
shot down by the Israel. attackers?
What complaint have we registered?
What has Washington said? To; tell you
the truth, this great Capital as well as
this great Government--if it can still be
called great-was and is as quiet as the
tomb regarding this horrible event.
The Pentagon has just concluded and
made public a report on this incident.
According to reports in the news media
this morning, the Pentagon said the
attackers "had ample opportunity" to
identify the ship before that which it
described as the "unprovoked"' attack.
The Pentagon stressed that the Liberty
was clearly marked, that it was n inter-
national waters, that it had a right to be
where it was, and that. the attack was
incessant, heavy and hard; thati the at-
tack came from both planes andi torpedo
boats, designed not simply to knock out
but to destroy the ship and its men.
With due respect for the leaders
of our Government-the Whit House,
the State Department, and the Con-
gress-it is not enough, Mr. Speaker, to
allow this matter to drop with simple
statement of regret from those' respon-
sible for the attack, no matter how sin-
cere the state may be. It is nott enough
to let it drop with a simple statement
that the attackers just happened to make
a mistake. This is too serious a ratter to
accept a simple "Excuse us, please"
sort of statement. There must be more
than this to assure our men, our people,
and our Nation that another nation must
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 June 29, 1967 Approved FoC8WR*2k~EP6.i9R000200300022-7 H 8287
not make such unprovoked and vicious- has anything pertinent to say. However, cific committee action, I will be happy
attacks upon us, if the Members of the House feel as I to attempt to answer them.
Indeed, there must be more than ex- do about this matter, we will expedite Section 101(b) of the bill would au-
presslons of sorrow and regret. As the the consideration of this bill for the con- thorize appropriations of $338,233,000
gentleman from California has suggested venience of the Members of the House. for "Plant and capital equipment."
there must be restitution, payment of I have a 14-page analysis of the bill here Again, I will be happy to respond to any
damages, appropriate apologies, and which, under ordinary circumstances, I specific questions on the "Plant and cap-
appropriate assurances that such will might be constrained to read in toto, ital equipment" budget.
not happen again. There must be the However, the same information is in the One of the more significant of the
kind of action that will guarantee the report which is available to all of you. Joint Committee's actions under this sec-
respect of all nations for our ships, our Therefore I will state the main, purposes tion of the bill is a proposed increase of
flag and our country. There must be of the bill and ask unanimous consent $15,000,000 over the amount-$700,500,-
respect for the brave men of our great to have the analysis of my remarks 000-requested by the Commission for its
Navy. printed at this point in the RECORD. important nuclear weapons program.
I repeat, Mr. Speaker, it is up to the Then when the reading of the bill after On the basis of information elicited in
top level of this Government to speak general debate is called for, I will ask executive hearings, the committee be-
out on this matter and to make appro- unanimous consent at that time that the lieves that a more intensive development
priate demands. If this is not forthcom- bill be considered as read and open. for and testing program than would be pos-
ing, then, Mr. Speaker, what do you sup- amendment at all points. sible with the amount of money re-
pose will be the thoughts of the men of I hope that the membership will quested by the AEC is required if devel-
our Navy and of our Armed Forces as cooperate in this way so we can expedite opment of new weapons systems and
they are directed to trouble spots around this matter since this is a noncontrover- their entry into production are to occur
this globe on missions of peace? We do sial bill. There may be one or two items at a pace consistent with the national
not have to be little about this matter. that some Members of the House differ security. It is toward this end that the
Nor do we have to be mean. Firmness with us on, but the House section of the committee has recommended this $15,-
is the word. Firmness. And we had bet- joint committee is unanimous in its re- 000,000 increase in the weapons program.
ter hurry before it is too late. And we porting of the bill which you now have In connection with the weapons pro-
had better hurry with it before we are in front of you. gram it should also be noted that this
classified as a second-rate nation. The Mr. Chairman, the purpose of the bill bill would authorize $180,250,000 in
world has been standing by looking at H.R. 10918 is to authorize appropriations plant and capital equipment for the pro-
us now for days since the Liberty was to the Atomic Energy Commission for gram in fiscal year 1968. Included in this
pounced upon. What do we do? What fiscal year 1968. Pursuant to section 261 request is $100,500,000 for the construc-
do we say? of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as tion of new weapons production capabil-
The people of America, the fathers amended, the joint committee has con- ities at six locations: Oak Ridge, Tenn.;
and loved ones of those brave Navy men sidered the proposed fiscal year 1968 au- Rocky Flats, Colo.; Burlington, Iowa;
of the Liberty are waiting and listen- thorization for all appropriations to the Amarillo, Tex.; Tampa, Fla.; and Savan-
ing. What is Washington going to say Atomic Energy Commission, including nah River, S.C. The major portion of the
or do? both operating and plant and capital new weapons production capabilities re-
equipment funds. Our hearings on this quested relate to warhead production for
AUTHORIZING APPROPRIATIONS matter were held over a period of 7 weeks Poseidon and other new nuclear weapons
FOR THE ATOMIC ENERGY CONS and consumed a total of 34 hours in pub- systems.
MISSION FOR FISCAL YEAR 1968 lic and executive sessions. In the course In another of the Commission's impor-
of our hearings, the committee consid- tant programs-the reactor development
Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I move ered the AEC's programs in considerable program-the committee has recom-
that the House resolve itself into the detail. mended a net reduction of $1,750,000
Committee of the Whole House on the In general, this bill would authorize from the AEC's operating fund request.
State of the Union for the consideration appropriations to the AEC in the total The total recommended operating au-
of the bill (H.R. 10918) to authorize ap- amount of $2,633,876,000 for "Operating thorization is $484,290,00.
propriations to the Atomic Energy Com- expenses" and "Plant and capital equip- Up sharply-by about 40 percent-is
mission in accordance with section 261 ment" for fiscal year 1968, including in- spending for the high gain fast breeder
of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as creases in prior years' authorization. reactor program, where the program
amended, and for other purposes. This amount is about $4 million less than level will go from approximately $51
The SPEAKER. The question is on the the AEC's authorization request to Con- million in fiscal 1967 to about $71 mil-
motion offered by the gentleman from gress, and about $374 million more than lion in fiscal 1968. Major increases have
California. the AEC's fiscal year 1967 authorization. been
Propose
The motion was agreed to. Close to $200 million of this authoriza- further effort torconcentate resources
IN THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE tion increase is attributable to new weap- on the longer range objectives of the re-
Accordingly the House resolved itself ons construction and operating require- actor development program. As most of
into the Committee of the Whole House ments. The authorization for the overall you know, the breeder reactor is the one
on the State of the Union for the con- reactor development program increases which holds the promise of providing
sideration- of the bill H.R. 10918, with by $53.4 million. There are significant in- this Nation and the world with a virtual-
Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts in the chair. creases in prior year project authoriza- ly limitless supply of energy. If our
The Clerk read the title of the bill. tions ($81.5 million) primarily associated long-term energy needs are to be solved,
By unanimous consent, the first read- with a fast flux test facility and a meson it is absolutely essential that breeder re-
ing of the bill was dispensed with. physics facility. The balance of unobli- actors be developed.
The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the gated funds from prior years-which re- A very significant point has been
gentleman from California [Mr. HOLI- duces the authorization request-is sub- reached concerning test facilities for the
FIELD] will be recognized for 1 hour, and stantially less this year than last. fast breeder program. Included this
the gentleman from California [Mr. Section 101(a) of H.R. 10918 would budget is the balance in fundi glof $80
HosMER] will be recognized for 1 hour. authorize appropriations of $2,164,843,- million for construction of the fast flux
The Chair recognizes the gentleman 000 for "operating expenses" of the AEC. test facility at Richland, Wash. This
from California [Mr. HOLIFIELD]. On page 3 of the report before you, you facility, for which $7.5 million in archi-
Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Chairman, I will find a breakdown of the Joint Com- tect-engineering funds was previously
yield myself such time as I may consume. mittee's recommended authorization for authorized, will provide critically needed
I realize it is late in the week. I realize AEC's major programs and subpro- test facilities for the sodium cooled fast
that many of our Members have reser- grams. A more detailed discussion of each breeder program. In light of the complex-
vations to go to their districts for the committee action will be found in the ity of this facility, test results from it
upcoming recess. section of the report entitled "Committee are not expected until about 1975. We
Therefore I will do my best to expedite Comments," beginning at page 8. If any feel that it is important, therefore, to
the debate. I will not cut off anyone who Members have questions about any spe- authorize this project this year,
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 Approved For RCeUa~~;7 Q J JL CAfeWf39B0 ?W00200300022-dune 2~; 1967
A 8288 Nc, J
Insofar as the more highly developed Two Government-industry cooperative and power the :proposed scy~lac con-
light water reactors are concerned, or- p wer projects in the reactor develop- trolled fusion experimental device. This
ders for their construction continue to went program-namely, the Fort St. bill includes an $8.5 million cofstruction
be placed at a brisk pace by the Nation's V aaln reactor in Colorado and the metro- authorization for this purpose. The proj
utilities. Again in calendar year 1966, pulitan water district nuclear power-de- act is the first new construction project
major commitments were made to nu- sating project in southern Californ;a- requested by the Commission; for con-
clear-powered electrical generating ca- ale at important s'Regarding the trolled fusion research in the past 5
pacity. During the year approximately C 9lorado prof the committee is years.
16.5 million kilowatts of nuclear fueled p: eased to no hat the 9-month period Action on another important physical
electrical generating capacity were or- o:' power o ation of its forerunner, the research project, the omnitror accelera-
c h B m reactor began on June 3, for prop sad for the Lawrence 'Radiation
P
ea
.
By comparison, about one-fourth of 1167, flowing , satisfactory completion Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif.; has been
that amount, or 4.7 million kilowatts, of o:" a asonable demonstration period. deferred by the Committee in fiscal year
nuclear-fueled generating capacity were e next-or construction-phase of 1968.
ordered in the preceding year-a year ti oe demonstration high-temperature In view of the cost o r the pro sed ma-
when more nuclear capacity was con- is-cooled reactor is dependent upon chine, as well as the competition it faces
traded for than in all the years prior c Itinued successful operation of the for the limited resources available for
thereto. This trend has not abated s:tialler Peach Bottom reactor. Thus the new accelerator projects, the Committee
the first 6 months of the present cafe- upcoming period is of critical importance voted to put this project aside for this
iii determining the future of this `oint year without prejudice.
dar ear
y
th
i
.
e
efly
While this rapid growth of the nu ear P.EC, Public Service Co. of Colorado, and I will now summarize very r
power industry is indeed encourag g to General Dynamics Corp. project. remaining sections of H.R. 1018.
those of us who have worked for e de- The parties involved in the metro soli- Section 102 of the bill would impose
velopment of an additional ener source tin water district nuclear power-desalt- certain cost limitations on the initiation
for this Nation, the committee has re- iag project are continuing to take the of construction projects, similar in most
ecessary steps to carry this project for- respects to limitations contained in other
anufac- r
signers
th
d
.
,
e
e
emphasized to
turers and utilities that they ust pay vrard. The committee reviewed develop- AEC authorization acts.
in this connection with the AEC Section 103 of the bill would authorize
t
f
s
rren
unparalleled attention to th details o
design, construction, and o eration to curing the recent authorization hearings. the AEC to perform design work, subject
assure that performance an safety re- The committee understands that a con- to the availability of appropriations, on
quirements are met. The he vy demands struction permit application may be filed construction projects which have been
that are being, and increas' gly will be, IT the participating electrical utilities submitted to Congress for autorization.
put upon all of our source of energy- igth the Commission's regulatory staff This special authority would allow the
be it coal, gas, oil hydroel ctric or nu- Ivy the fall of the year. AEC to undertake preliminI ry design
clear-makes it essential that power- The committee intends to continue to work on projects which are of such ur-
plants using the newest of hese energy monitor developments in both of these gency that actual physical construction
sources become available ithout sig- important projects closely. must be initiated promptly after appro-
nificant delays. ' There are other important reactor ap- priations for the projects have been ap-
With respect to the Govern ant's R. plications which are fully covered in the proved.
& D. endeavors in the civilian po r pro- 4mmittee's report before you, and which Section 104 of the bill would allow the
gram 1966 also saw a number of si i anticipate other speakers will address AEC to transfer funds between the "op-
cant developments. During the year the d3emnP1?v's to during the course of de- erating expenses" and the ''plant and
AEC, with the Joint Committee's encour- Sate on f~ fii5'iri ese include applica- capital equipment" accounts to the ex-
agement, further concentrated Govern- ions in space, and in-ths st line war- tent permitted by an appropriations act.
ment development efforts on fewer power Ships of our Navy. In the past, the AEC appropriations acts
reactor concepts. A number of concepts In the physical research progr the have allowed the AEC' to make transfers
were dropped, including the experimen- ommittee has recommended autho a- between these two accounts of up to 5
tal beryllium oxide reactor-EBOR-and Sion of several important projects. Fi percent of the appropriations for either
the heavy water organic cooled reactor nd foremost, perhaps, is the recom- account, provided that neither appro-
HWOCR-coicepts. The latter concept mended initial authorization of $7,333,- priations could be increased by more
was dropped after the Joint Committee D00 for the 200 Bev accelerator, to be han 5 rcent by such a tra rsfer.
mended and the AEC performed, located at Weston, Ill. As you will recall, Sectipeon 105 of the bill would amend
recom
an intensive review of the program to the proposed site of the 200 Bev was he AEC authorization act fo$ fiscal year
determine whether the technical and among the six which the National Acad- 958 (P.L. 85-162) by extending for an
economic factors involved, when viewed emy of Sciences recommended to the dditional year, until June 30, 1968, the
in relation to the potential of competing Atomic Energy Commission, and was the date for approving proposals under the
systems, justified the expenditure of the unanimous selection of the five AEC third round of the AEC's cooperative
resources needed to carry out this pro- Commissioners. power reactor demonstration i program.
gram. The effect of the decision was to On the basis of intensive hearings byi Section 106 of the bill would amend
save $15 million in fiscal year 1968 alone. both the full Joint Committee as well ad previous AEC authorization I acts to in-
In addition, the sodium reactor experi- the Subcommittee on Research, Develop- crease two project authorizations, as -
ment-SRE-was terminated because of inent, and Radiation, the committee above, and c authorizations, zat fns, on s-
another above, at previously char a the location
its limited potential value in the ad- voted to recommend an authorization[ of cussed
vanced sodium cooled reactor field. Fur- $21/2 million less than the $10 mrlln_i re- ano of the bill w ?ulh trescind
ther concentration of effort on the more quested by the Commission. Section ther two projects wheh and
promising reactor concepts is planned. These moneys will be used principally authorization
longerthorization of for considered cs w ch are
I think the Commission is to be com- for architect-engineer work for t#ie proj- for longer conside a necessary,
mended for the forthright way in which act. It will be recognized, of course, that funds heretofore obligated.
it has weeded out a number of these de- this is only a fraction of the -total cost It These ese are the belief highlights of H Commit. 8.
velopment programs when it became ap- of the facility.
parent to the Commission that the line The budget also includes -funding of tee that this bill provides fqr a prudent
of effort involved was not feasible or an additional $50.3 million for the Meson authorization which is sufficient to as-
sufficiently promising, or did not offer physics facility at the Los Alamos Scien- sure the continuation of essential activi-
significant advantages over alternate tific Laboratory in Los Alamos, N. Mex. ties in both the military and peaceful ap-
systems competing for limited funds. The It is estimated that the total cost of this plications of atomic energy.
easier course in such cases might be to project will be approximately $55 million. Mr. Chairman, in closing ,~ would like
spare the ax and simply continue the Earlier $4.7 million was authorized for to state that H.R. 10918 was reported o-it
program at a relatively modest funding this project, primarily for architect-en- by the Joint Committee on;Atomic En-
level. The Commission is to be congratu- gineering work. Also proposed to be lo- ergy without any dissent among the
lated for making these ofttimes very cated at the Los Alamos Scientific Lab- House Members of the Committee, and
hard decisions. oratory is a project which would house I urge its enactment in its present form.
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June 29, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE H 8325
CONGRESSMEN our petroleum requirements. We must be oil import program by the appropriate
Post office committee able to draw upon a healthy and vigor- committees of the Congress.
Thaddeus J. Dulski, New York; David N. ous domestic supply and reserve which America cannot afford to let one of its
Henderson, North Carolina; Arnold Olsen, can serve our own needs as well as that most vital industries wither by default
Montana; Morris N. Udall, Arizona; Dominick of the free world. for want of vigorous action. Oil imports
V. Daniels, New Jersey; Robert N. C. Nix, It is becoming apparent the only way must be controlled so as to permit the
Pennsylvania; Joe Pool, Texas; William J. to stabilize the program and provide the domestic industry to have its fair share
Green, Pennsylvania; James M. Hanley, New domestic industry with the necessary as- of the domestic market, replace its de-
. Jerome surances is to write basic guidelines Into pleted reserves, maintain an efficient dis-
York; H. n. Waldie, Cal Charles li o;wiison, RCcharrniC white
a strong
financial Texas; William D. . Ford, Michigan; Lee H. the law. I have introduced H.R. 10698 to st uctureSOnly thendcan America retain
Texas;
Hamilton, Indiana; Frank J. Brasco, New spell out those guidelines.
York; Robert J. Corbett, Pennsylvania; H. R. Mr. Speaker, time and again I have its position of world leadership and pros-
Gross, Iowa; Glenn Cunningham, Nebraska; called attention to the deteriorating perity in peace as well as a posture of
Edward J. Derwinski, Illinois; Albert W. John- condition of the independent oil indus- strength to meet any military situation.
son, Pennsylvania; James A. Broyhill, North try. It is a sick industry. On Sunday, June 11, 1967, the oil edi-
liamliL L. . Scott, Virginia; E. Virginia; New York; In my own State of Kansas most pe- tor of the Wichita, Kans., Eagle, Mr. Ted lip Ida E. Ruppe, pe
Liam
Michigan; ; James A. McClure, , Idaho; Fletcher troleuxn activities reached a peak in Brooks, wrote an editorial which em-
Thompson, Georgia. 1956, and since that time they have been phasized the uncertainty of foreign oil
Area Congressmen - going downhill steadily. There are several supplies and the importance of a direct
Indiana, Lee Herbert Hamilton, 9th Dist. key indicators of the depression which stimulation of domestic oil producers.
Indiana. has hit the independent producer in Under the leave to extend my remarks in
the RECORD, I include Mr. Brooks' oil-page
Kentucky, Marion Gene Snyder, 4th Dist. Kansas.
Kentucky. The number of rotary rigs in Kansas. editorial:
Ohio, Robert Taft, Jr. and Donald D. is down from 169 in 1956 to approxi- MIDDLE EAST WAR REVEALS No SAFETY
Clancy, Cincinnati. mately 40 this year. This means that IN FOREIGN OIL
Address drilling exploration has continued to de- It has become clear to Americans every-
Address all Congressmen to: House of Rep- cline, where that the fuel and energy security of
resentatives, W ington, D.C. 20515. What should be of great concern to all the United States and the world is sus-
Americans, particularly at this time, is a pended on a vulnerable thread of transporta-
tion from insecure sources of supply in the
THE MIDDLE EAST CRISIS DEMON- steady decline in crude oil reserves. Middle East and Africa. They control 13 mil-
STRATES NECESSITY FOR A reserves, according to the Kansas State lion barrels of oil daily, or 37 per cent of the
STRONG AND HEALTHY DOMES- Geological Survey, have dropped from world's 35 million. Asian and Russian sources,
TIC OIL INDUSTRY 862.4 million barrels in 1962 to 751.6 mil- which on equally m ll en. It adds up I-
lion barrels in 1965, and they are de- count t for for about b seven
daily.
(Mr. SHRIVER asked and was given clining still. , 20 permission to revise and extend his re- In recent years we also have witnessed The international oil industry, curiously
marks at this point in the RECORD, and to intent on saving face until the truth be-
a loss of highly skilled jobs because of comes irrefutable, has been assuring the
include extraneous material.) the downturn in this very important in- world at large that it faces but a mere in-
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, this is an dustry in Kansas. convenience-you move a tanker here and
appropriate time to bring to the atten- One of the primary reasons for these a tanker there and presto you have business
tion of the Congress once again the im-
portance declines is that excessive imports from as usual., unless someone goes into the
of a meaningful mandatory oil Canada, Latin America, and the Middle tanker-sinking business.
import program to our domestic oil in- East have largely removed the incentive In the U.S., which nurtures the bulk of
dustry. looking for new oil reserves. A mean- the international companies, the American
For too long the administration has for Petroleum Institute, their mouthpiece, has
dealt out promises but failed to deliver ingful oil import program is essential if issued vague reassurance that we can con-
in are to stimulate investment in the do- tinue to roar over the hills behind 400 horses
in terms of preserving a strong domestic mestic oil industry. for the indefinite future. A state-aligned in-
The The bill I have introduced is not an dustry that has poured its resources into the
indust. Now perience oft we idde b e us the ex-
ouhe war in n i East a the sMiddle ddle. emergency measure because of the development of fantastic profits in foreign
outbreak the
of the war East Middle East crisis. Of course, the crisis areas has no choice but to hide or justify
between Israel and the Arab States drove the fact that these profits have been earned
home the absolute necessity of our main- has helped drive home the validity of at the expense of domestic production and
taining a strong.domestic petroleum in- what Members of Congress from oil-pro- a domestic producing industry that is now
dustry. ducing States and representatives of the on the way to becoming extinct.
Shortly after hostilities broke out in independent oil industry have been say- Oil production and consumption are com-
the Middle East, the Department of in- _ ing for many years. We must have a vig- Alex worldwide operations. You do not sub-
terior issued a petroleum emergency dec- orous, healthy domestic petroleum In- stitute for the loss of five, 10 or 20 million
dustry in the United States to insure the barrels daily by moving ships here and there.
larati Approximately 7 an bee bar- Extra capacity available in Texas, Louisiana,
rein of f daily oil production had d been lost security and defense of our country as Canada and Venezuela is useless if less than
to the Western world as a result of a cut- well as continuing oil resources for the half of the claimed surplus can be delivered
off of oil supplies by certain Arab na- free world. where it is needed. Yet, even an independent
tions. We have repeatedly pointed to the need petroleum association has dutifully joined
The Middle East crisis demonstrates for strengthening the mandatory oil im- its spons eors xtra in 5 proclaiming lehedava la ithe
the importance of maintaining the effec- port program. U.S.
tiveness of the oil import program in the The administration has held hearings There 18 no assurance that the interna-
interest of national security. on the program but no meaningful relief tional companies will put all of the domestic'
For nearly 7, years now I have re- for the independent oil producer has been oil into U.S. channels regardless of need. If
peatedly called attention to the underly- forthcoming. There are those who have the Suez crisis of 10 years ago is any guide,
ing purpose-of the mandatory oil import been close observers of the hearings held they will boost the price of crude and send
program. Simply stated, the primary in the past by the Department of Interior part of it to Europe. Then, after the emer-
reason for the oil import program is the who have expressed the belief that the gency, when they have re-established foreign
security of the United States of America. import hearings are actually "post de- oil profits, they will blandly cut the domestic
We must have a strong and stable do- cision hearings," and that the independ- crude price and thus continue to barter off
U.S. self-sufficiency and security.
mestic petroleum industry to guarantee ent producer will be the victim of in- There s but one and ec-a y. part one:
adequate oil supplies for the Nation's creased oil imports. In some manner, either through price or
domestic needs and or its defense re- Mr. Speaker, I urge that Congress give price equivalents, domestic production and
quirements. speedy consideration to this legislation. security must be assured by direct stimula-
The Middle East developments have It also would be in the best interests of tion of producers.
given us firsthand experience that we our Nation and this important industry The international oil industry must be
cannot depend upon foreign sources for to have a thorough investigation of the kicked out of the easy alliance with our
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 29, 1967
government that has exposed the U.S. to
side-taking and entanglement in dollar diplo-
macy that now masquerades under other
names.
NASA AUTHORIZATION
(Mr. SCHADEBERG (at the request
of Mr. REINECKE) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. SCHADEBERG. Mr. Speaker, de-
spite the fact that I did, not enter into the
discussion and debate prior to the pass-
age of the national aeronautics and
space administration authorization act
on Thursday, I did have strong feelings
about the propriety of such passage.
I voted against H.R.,10340 because of
its almost overwhelming magnitude. No
one could oppose NASA and its basic ob-
Jectives, but I feel very; strongly that we
must hold down excessive spending dur-
ing a war. And the war in which weare
presently engaged is costing ever-mount-
ing staggering sums. If we are to give our
troops all the support and equipment
they need, we must start to make sac-
rifices fiscally here at home.
I cannot believe that, massive Federal
programs will falter or die if they are
pared to more realistic amounts. It is
quite apparent that the administration
will expect the taxpayer to live on a
reduced amount when they come to Con-
gress later this year with another re-
quest for a tax increase. It is the same old
story-the Government will overspend
and then ask the poor, bewildered tax-
payer to tighten his belt.
My voting record may well continue to
reflect my opposition to unreasonable
requests by the administration at the
expense of the already, hopelessly har-
rassed taxpayer.
THE ALEWIFE PROBLEM
(Mr. SCCHADEBERG at the request of
Mr. REINECKE) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at. this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. SCHADEBERG. Mr. Speaker, I am
today introducing a bile similar to that
of my colleague and friend, CLEM ZA-
BLOcKi, designed to control or eliminate
the alewife and other pests in the waters
of the Great Lakes.
The problem is again acute and does
not need to be spelled out, as the gentle-
man from Wisconsin [Mr. ZABLOCKI]
told the story very graphically on
Wednesday last. I will ;cooperate fully
with my colleague in an effort to see this
much-needed bill become law.
THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
LAW
(Mr. RUMSFELD (at the request of
Mr. REINECKE) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, in just
5 more days, on July 4, 1967, the Declara-
tion of Independence will be strength-
ened by a new Federal law.
It is the freedom of information law-
Public Law 89-487-which reasserts the
i undamental right of the American peo-
1de to know what their Federal Govern-
raent is planning and doing. The law,
i [nanimously approved by both the Sen-
ate and the House of Representatives a
year ago, becomes effective on a most
appropriate day. By guaranteeing the
r ublic's right of access to Government
i iformation, the new law reinforces our
i ldependence and freedom. It reiterates
t at our Nation was founded on the prin-
c tple that the Government derives its
rower from the consent of an informed
electorate.
The freedom of information law is im-
portant because we in this country have
placed all of our faith, all of our hope,
in the intelligence of the people and in
their interest in their government. We
have said that ours is a government to
bI guided by the citizens. From this it
follows that Government will serve us
well only if the people are well informed.
It is appropriate today to recognize
some of the individuals who have played
significant roles in the formulation and
p.issage of this new law.
In the forefront of the battle to oppose
secrecy in Government during the 1950's
has been the chairman of the Govern-
n ent Operations Committee's Subcom-
mittee on Foreign Operations and Gov-
ernment Information, the Honorable
Jomm E. Moss, of California. For more
t1 an 12 years now, Congressman Moss
hits been a, leader in the fight to insure
t1 e public's right to know. His leadership
has been vital to the developmentof this
le,;islation.
So, too, have other former and current
members of the subcommittee made sig-
ns Scant contributions to the progress of
this legislation. They include: former
Representatives Clare Hoffman, George
M fader, and Senator ROBERT GRIFFIN, all
of Michigan, who ably served on the sub-
cohmittee at various times in the 1950's
and early 1960's; Congressman DANTE
FASCELL, Of Florida, one of the frst
mi,mbers of the subcommittee; and par-
ticularly current members of the sub-
co:nmittee PORTER HARDY, Jr., of Vir-
girds, ranking minority member OGDEN
R. REID, of New York, and ROBERT DOLE,
of Kansas.
:lterally hundreds of reporters, edi-
toi s, broadcasters, and news media
executives have assisted in the develop-
ment of this legislation. Those who have
made most significant contributions ?.n-
elude: the late Dr. Harold L. Cross and
the' late Dr. Jacob Scher, both of whom
assisted the subcommittee with their
valuable counsel; James Pope, formerly
of the Louisville Courier-Journal; Basil
WFlters, formerly of the Chicago Daily
Joseph Costa, of the National Press
Photographers Association;i Howard
Bell, of the National Association of
Broadcasters; Eugene Patterson, of the
Atlanta Constitution; V. M. Newton, Jr.,
of the Tampa Tribune; Theodore A. Ser-
rill, of the National Newspaper Associa-
tion; and Stanford Smith, of the Ameri-
can Newspaper Publishers Asspciation.
Mention should also be made of some
of the staff members of the sl: bcommit-
tee who have contributed to this legisla-
tion. They include the late Dr. Wallace
Parks, Samuel J. Archibald, Benny Kass,
Jack Matteson, J. Lacey Reynolds, Jack
Howard, and Paul Southwick; .
In addition, dozens of other! newsmen,
public information officers of the Federal
Government, and Government security
officers have contributed to the adoption
of this legislation.
When the Department of Justice dis-
tributed guidelines for implementation
of the law to all Government agencies
recently, it stated:
If government is to be truly of, by, and
for the people, the people must know in de-
tail the activities of government. Nothing so
diminishes democracy as secrecy, Self-gov-
ernment, the maximum participation of the
citizenry in affairs of state, is Meaningful
only with an informed public. How can we
govern ourselves if we know not how we
govern? Never was it more im.pottant than
in our times of mass society, when govern-
ment affects each individual in so many
ways, that the right of the people to know
the actions of their government be secure.
These words accurately reflect the im-
portance of the new law. It is my hope, as
we observe the Fourth of July 1967,
that the essence of these words may
begin to be reflected in meaningful ac-
tions by the Federal Government in be-
half of an increased availability of Gov-
ernment information and, thus, in a
better informed public.,
(Mr. M:ESKILL (at the request of Mr.
REINECKE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. MESKILL'S remarks will appear
hereafter :in the Appendix.]
(Mr. CONTE (at the request of Mr.
REINECKE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I havetaken
the floor today to express my great con-
cern over the 4-to-3 decision last Thurs-
day by the Federal Communications
Commission giving its approval, to the
proposed m
r
f
t
e
ger o
In
ternatioral Tele-
ington Post; Creed Black, of the Chicago
ap:h Co. and American
Da.ly News; Herbert Brucker, of the Broadcasting Co.
Ha'tford Courant; John Colburn, of the In all candor, I must state that I find
W1:hita Eagle and Beacon; and Eugene the history of these proceedings before
Pulliam, of the Indianapolis News. the FCC, culminatilig with last week's
Llso, Clark Mollenhoff, of Cowles Pub- decision, extremely disillusioning. It is
liestions, Inc.; Julius Frandsen, of certain to cause legitimate publ#c doubt
Un ted Press International; Jack Nor- and lack of confidence in the Commission
ma i, of Fairchild Publications; William and ultimately in our entire governmen-
Mc,3'affln, of the Chicago Daily News; tal processes, if the merger is allowed to
Nick Kotz, of Cowles Publications, Inc.; be consummated.
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 June 29, 1967
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
RECORD
ter.)
H 8337
Justice, and Communist countries have re- would expose itself to public censure if
fused to accept the Court's jurisdiction when it refused to honor principles to which it
the United States has instituted proceedings has assented in writing.
against them in the past. North Viet-Nam Second, it is not necessary for a no,-
Court, be compelled to come before the
Court, and there is no reason to expect that tion to have previously accepted the
it would submit the question of the legality jurisdiction of the ICJ before a suit is
of its use of force against South Viet-Nam filed. North Vietnam could accept the
to the judgment of any impartial tribunal. jurisdiction of the ICJ at the time the
In these circumstances, resort to the Court issue was joined.
by the U.S. could be widely interpreted as Third, even assuming North Vietnam-
an empty propaganda gesture. or South Vietnam-refused to accept
Under the UN Charter, the maintenance of
international peace and security is primarily the jurisdiction of the ICJ, the United
the responsibility of the Security Council. We States could nevertheless ask the
have twice initiated discussions of the Viet- United Nations Security Council or Gen-
Nam conflict in the Security Council, but eral Assembly for an advisory opinion
North Viet-Nam and Communist China have from the ICJ on the issues involved.
denied the competence of the United Nations Mr. Rostow is correct in stating that
to consider this dispute and have maintained Wunder the U.N. Charter, the mainte-
that any decisions by the United Nations nance of international peace and security
would be considered "null arr~~d void." Furth-
ermore, in the absence of agreement in the is primarily the responsibility of the
Security Council, we believe it unlikely that Security Council." However, the mainte-
the majority of members of the General As- nance of peace is not the exclusive re-
sembly would wish to take any substantial sponsibility of the Security Council as
decision on the Viet-Nam issue. the United States itself contended at the
Without wishing in any way to minimize time of the adoption of the "Uniting for
the importance to a stable world order of Peace Resolution" in 1951. Indeed this
impartial international settlement of legal . position has been affirmed by the ICJ
disputes, I must note, nevertheless, that the
Vietnamese conflict involves many political itself in its advisory opinion on United
issues which a court could not be expected Nations Peacekeeping Expenses in Suez
to resolve. What is needed most is a willing- and in the Congo.
ness on the part of North Viet-Nam to nego- The fact that North Vietnam and
tiate a settlement that protects the legiti- Communist China have denied the
mate interests of both North and South. I do competence of the United Nations to
not believe that efforts to submit the legal consider this dispute is again immaterial.
issues involved to the International Court of We should continue to stress some type of
Justice would be likely to enhance the pros-
pects for such a compromise settlement negotiation through the United Nations
.
Thank you for sending your suggestions on institutions in order to accomplish a po-
these matters. We are most anxious to exam- litical settlement, or failing in that, Con-
ine every possible avenue to peaceful settle- tinue to expose North Vietnam for its un-
ment of the conflict in Viet-Nam. We believe willingness to accept United Nations
that it is impossible to devise a fair arcorn- adjudication of the dispute.
modation of the legitimate interests of both It is entirely possible, as Mr. Rostow
sides, and we shall continue to make every ef-
fort to bring about a settlement with that agreement in the Security Council on
end in view.
Sincerely yours, matter the General Assembly would
,
W. W. RosTOw. not want to take the issue to the ICJ.
In several important respects I dissent However, history records an exception to
was
this theory. the conclusions Mr. Rostow reaches willing . The General of U.N.
regarding my proposal. Mr. Rostow's peacekeeping to refer refer the expenses to question the on ICJ not-
.contention: "We are convinced that our peace
the
actions in Vietnam are in accord with in- permanent withstanding members opposition of thhfe two Security
ternational law and with the United Na- Council,
tions Charter," does not mean, in fact, Cou , France and the he o Union.
that our actions are necessarily consist- I would is willing onet ncede that with the generally accepted princi- ical. of the Vietnam ey
are inlpoim
ples of international law, the United . But tinvolved
States Constitution, or the United Na- are legal, not the basic o political. questions I set concede
out in of
tions Charter. letter to the President interpretations of
In fact, there is a considerable body of the Geneva Accords of 1954, the United
Nations Charter, the SEATO Treaty, and
opinion which holds to the contrary. general
international law
Some of the evidence gathered by these principles lee legal l questions.
critics is impressive and we should be involving willing that it be taken into account. In involving
In the these search for peace Vietnam I
The announcement of virtuous ends does hope that the White House se and State
not relieve us of the responsibility to see Department will continue to give every
that our policy is consistent with the ends proposal serious consideration and not
which we have established. That the be blinded by self-fulfilling prophecies
White House feels our actions are in ac- and overly optimistic statements on the
cord with international law is of course progress of the war. I am grateful to
not surprising, but the general body of Mr. Rostow for his courteous and serious
world opinion remains to be convinced. attention to my proposal. Perhaps at
The fact that North Vietnam has not some later date he may determine that
of it merits additional
It or some part
accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of attention.
the Court is not material to my proposal
First, by its application for member- PENDING
ship in the United Nations, North Viet-
nam has expressed its willingness to ac- (Mr. LANGEN (at the request of Mr.
cept peaceful settlement of international REINECKE) was granted permission to ex-
disputes. Presumably North Vietnam tend his remarks at this point in the
Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, Congress
has again reached the end of a fiscal
year without passing the necessary ap-
propriations bills on time. Until today,
only one Department-Interior-knew
how much money it would get for the
new fiscal year starting this Saturday.
The others will operate under a contin-
uing resolution without actually know-
ing what Congress will eventually ap-
propriate.
In fairness to the House Appropria-
tions Committee, Mr. Speaker, nine reg-
ular appropriations bills and two sup-
plementals have been cleared. The Com-
mittee on Appropriations cannot pro-
ceed with the five remaining bills until
authorizing legislation clears Congress.
One example is the foreign assistance
program, commonly known as foreign
aid. There is no guarantee that Con-
gress will even authorize a program in
foreign aid for the next fiscal year, much
less appropriate the money for it. But
under the continuing resolution, foreign
aid funds will continue to be dispensed
without proper direction being provided
by the legislative branch of the Govern-
ment. This is unpardonable, considering
the serious doubts in our aid programs
following the Arab-Israeli war.
I hope that Congress will eventually
trim at least $5 billion from the budget
requests by the time all of the appropria-
tions bills have been passed. In the nine
regular appropriations bills passed by
the House so far, over $2.8 billion has
been cut from the budget requests. We
can trim at least another $2.2 billion
from the remaining requests, and it is
hoped that the Senate sustains these
cuts. We must accomplish some fiscal
restraint, because we are in real fiscal
difficulties in this country today.
Fes. -
CONGRESSMAN WHALEN AN-
NOUNCES ADDITIONAL SUPPORT
FOR THE MIDDLE EAST RESOLU-
TION
(Mr. WHALEN (at the request of Mr.
REINECKE) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, since 54
of my colleagues joined me in introduc-
ing a resolution expressing the sense of
the House of Representatives with re-
spect to the establishment of permanent
peace in the Middle East over a week
ago, I have recirculated the resolution.
I was prompted to seek the support of
Qther Members by the remarks of Soviet
Premier Alexei N. Kosygin on Sunday,
June 25, 1967.
Mr. Kosygin, according to a transcript
of his remarks printed in the New York
Times on Monday, June 26, 1967, stated
that Israel must withdraw from the ter-
ritory it occupied following the cease-fire
before negotiations can begin.
Mr. Kosygin said:
In order to start the consideration of the
possible peaceful solutions of the problems
of the Middle East it is necessary as a first
step to achieve the withdrawal of forces be-
hind the armistice line.
That is the most Important. It Is Indeed
the total question today.
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H 8338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 29, 1967
I-agree with Premier Kosygin that the
question of withdrawal IS of prime im-
portance. But, as I stated in my resolu-
tion, acceptance of this precondition of
Israeli withdrawal would repeat the mis-
take of 1956 which led to the resumption
of. hostilities 11 years later.
Mr. Speaker, I am happy to report that
the number of Members, of this House
who recognize the validity. of this point
and who have introdi],ced identical or
similar resolutions has increased to 92.
The additional 38 Members who have
introduced resolutions as of today and
since June 20, 1967 are: JOHN B, ANDER-
SON of Illinois, JAMES C. CLEVELAND,
JOSEPH E. KARTH, TIM LEEi CARTER, HENRY
HELSTosxi, ALEXANDER PIRNIE, WILLIAM
D. FORD of Michigan, EDWIN D. ESHLE-
MAN, ROBERT PRICE of Texas, GEORGE M.
RHODES of Pennsylvania.
EDWARD R. ROYBAL, ROBERT N. C. Nix,
ROBERT J. CORBETT, BENJAMIN B. BLACK-
BURN, JAMES HARVEY, WILLIAM S. BROOM-
FIELD, FRANK THOMPSON~ JR., of New
Jersey, THADDEUS J. DULS~LI, WILLIAM R.
ANDERSON of Tennessee, FRANK M. CLARK.
FRANK J. BRASCO, FLETCHER THOMPSON
of Georgia, BROCK ADAMS, JAMES R.
GROVER, JR., HORACE R. 1 ORNEGAY, CARL
D. PERKINS, THOMAS L. ASHLEY, JOHN R.
DELLENBACK, EMANUEL CELLER.
ABRAHAM J. MULTER, HERBERT TENZER,
JOSEPH J. ADDABBO, JACOB H. GILBERT,
EDNA F. KELLY, CLAUDE EPPER, JOSEPH
Y. RESNICK, LESTER L. WOLFF, LEONARD
FARBSTEIN.
GLASSBORO SUMMIT
The SPEAKER. Under `previous order
of the House, the gentleriian from New
Jersey [Mr. HUNT] is recognized for 10
(Mr. HUNT asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his remarks
and to include extraneous material.)
Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, on June 23,
1967, without any advance notice, a sum-
mit meeting was conducted at Glassboro,
N.J., between President Lyndon B. John-
son and Premier Alexei $osygin, of the
Soviet Union. The exact site for the
meeting was in the home of the president
of Glassboro State College; namely, Dr.
Thomas E. Robinson. The house itself
has for many years been known as Holly-
bush and has traditionally been the resi-
dence of presidents of the college.
Glassboro College was formerly the
Glassboro State Teachers Normal School,
but the college has grown so large dur-
ing the. past 15 years that it is now a 4-
year accredited State colege specializ-
ing in teachers' education and a liberal
arts course.
I know the house very well, having
visited there on many occasions. It is
located about one and a half miles from
my home. I live in Pitman, N.J., which
adjoins Glassboro directly. Both towns
have a population of about 10,000 people
each.
The honor of having a, summit meet-
ing at Hollybush is something that the
people of Glassboro and Gloucester
County will never forget. Although I was
not invited by Gov. Richard Hughes of
the State of New Jersey to attend the
welcoming functions, nevertheless, I did
visit the campus during the initial sum-
mit meeting on June 23, 1 67.
I am proud to say the meeting was
con fatted in the First Congressional
District and I am likewise extremely
pro, id of the reception that was accorded
President Johnson and Mr. Kosygin. The
department of our people was exemplary
wit] none of the usual fanfare of kooks,
disgruntled people, draft card burners,
and so forth, in evidence. Our people
grevrted the leaders enthusiastically
kno~'ing full well that this meeting could
be the means of averting world war III.
W'e.are hopeful that many good things
carne from the discussions that were
conducted by the two leaders, not only
on .tune 23, 1967, but at the subsequent
meeting on Sunday, June 25, 1967. All
of the world looks anxiously to the fu-
ture, hoping that the summit meeting
will;bear fruit and be instrumental In
worldwide peace. Although Indications
at the present do not point toward an
early, solution of the Middle East crisis
and'the Vietnam situation, the people
are still hopeful that statesmanship will
prevail as a result of this meeting.
I am inserting in the RECORD today
several articles that appeared in different
papnrs which will indicate to the entire
wor..d the attitudes of the people of
Gla.sboro, N.J., and Gloucester County.
Tfie first article was published by the
Courier-Post newspaper, of Camden,
N.J.R under a dateline of June 23, 1967,
and carries a thumbnail description of
Dr. Thomas E. Robinson, our esteemed
pre. ident of the Glassboro State College.
I hi ve known Dr. Robinson since child-
hooi,due to the fact that we were both
rats,,d during our teenage years in the
same locality in Trenton, N.J. He is an
out: tanding educator and a gentleman
of he highest caliber. His wife, Mrs.
Rol;hzson, has long been known in our
community as a gentle lady.
The second insertion that I am making
today was likewise printed in the
Courier-Post of Camden under the date-
line of June 23, 1967, and was captioned
"Le l?ders Hailed by Throng." The ar-
ticlit was written by Bob Houriet and Lee
Dariels, two outstanding writers of the
Courier-Post staff. Their article carries
a t]umbnail description of the actions
exh.bited by Glassboro residents, which,
in ray estimation, depicted the friend-.y
nature of our people.
The third article was printed in the
New York Daily News under the date-
line of June 24, 1967, and was written
by Joe Cassidy, staff corrgspondent of
the News. He likewise indicates the at-
titu 3es of some of our people in the greet-
Ing;., to President Johnson and Mr.
Kosygin.
My sincere wish Is that the summit
meeting which has just been concluded
at I Soliybush will be the answer to many
of be personal prayers offered up by
the Glassboro citizens and the people of
the First Congressional District of New
Jersey, which I represent.
The articles follow:
[:Prom the Camden, N.Y. Courier-Post,
June 23, 1967]
GLA!HSORO PRESIDENT ROBINSON NAMED MAN
OF THE YEAR
(By Charles Petsold)
G:,ASSBORO.--Two months ago Dr. Thomas
E. I obinson, president of Glassboro State
Collage, was named "Man of the Year" for
"put Ling Glassboro on the map."
Under the 62-year-old Trenton native's
guidance, the 44-year-old institution's en-
rollment has grown from 4:18 underkraduate
students to more than 3,000 students plus
3,500 part-time and graduate students.
Dr. Robinson, tall, gray-haired and distin-
guished looking, has been president of the
college since 1952.
The former superintendent of Mercer
County schools, a position he held from 1944
through 1952, Is the institution's third pres-
ident. He received a B.A. degree at Lehigh
University, an M.A. at University of'ennsyl-
vania and D.Ed. at Rutgers University.
From the time he was graduated f}om col-
lege in 1926 until 1944, Dr. Robinson was em-
ployed in the Trenton school system, where
he served progressively as a teacher and a
principal before becoming the Merce; County
superintendent.
The educator lives with his wife, Margaret,
in a colonial style home on the Whitney
Mansion grounds. The home, built 'in 1849,
now is known as "Hollybush."
According to Samuel E. Witehell, associate
professor of social studies, the home once
was owned by a man named Whitney who
was prominent in the glassmaking industry.
"Whitney entertained many prominent
guests in this home.." said Witchell. "But
none as important as this."
Dr. Robinson, married for 38 years, has
written a handbook on public relations and
magazine articles and has coauthored text-
books on reading, English and character de-
velopment.
He is a member of the New Jersjey State
Board of Examiners, chairman of the New
Jersey School Building Code Revisi6n Com-
mission, the National Education Assobiation's
Citizenship Committee and the board of di-
rectors of the Southern New Jersey )evelop-
ment Council.
He has served as NJEA vice president, edi-
tor of the NJEA Review. He also edited "It
Starts in the Classroom" and other publica-
tions.
[From the Camden (N.J.) Courier-Post, June
23, 1967]
GAY GLASSBORO: LEADERS HAILED BY !_THRONG
(By Bob Houriet and Lee Daniels)
GLASSBORO.-With Fourth-of-July bunt-
ing, bouquets of roses and appeals f~r peace,
this borough of 11,000 hosted an historic
meetings of East and West.
They took off from work and !'jammed
streets, half a dozen deep to catch a! glimpse
of the motorcades bea:ring President Johnson
to his confrontation with Premier Alexei
Kosygin.
Many of the old houses of this sedate town
decked their doorways with flags.
One house flew two sheets from 11ts win-
dows on which were scribbled: "Welcome to
Glassboro, World Leaders," and "End World
Conflict."
For the most part, the reaction of residents
was reserved. Only once was there an emo-
tional outburst-when a crowd broke
through a yellow rope separating them from
the President and pelted him with red
Most residents, despite their curbside wait,
missed the arrival and meeting of the two
But 150 persons sneaked under poce lines
and stood in the pine trees beyond the out-
field of the baseball field where President
Johnson landed at 10:33 in an olive and
white helicoper bearing the Presidential em-
blem.
The wind from the descending copter
whipped the trees in the outfield.
After the Presidential party was welcomed,
the motorcade swept away to "Hollybush,"
the ivy-covered home! of the college presi-
dent.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 29, 1967
bia in the Congress, and companion
measures, before the full committee of
the Committee on the Judiciary. These
hearings will begin on Wednesday, July
19, 1967, at 10 a.m., in room 2141, Ray-
burn House Office Building.
Those wishing to testify or to submit
statements for the record should send
their requests to the Committee on the
Judiciary, House of Representative, room
f 2137, Rayburn House Office Building.
" " PERMANENT PEACE IN THE MID-
DLE EAST-HOUSE RESOLUTION
689
(Mr. FARBSTEIN (at the request of
Mr. CABELL) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, yester-
day I introduced a resolution upon which
a permanent peace can be based in the
Middle East. Today I would like to bring
this resolution to the attention of my
colleagues in the House.
In order to insure permanent peace in
the Middle East, I believe it is essential
that peace negotiations take place di-
rectly between the belligerent nations. I
am certain any agreement between the
parties will prove acceptable to the
world.
I know my colleagues will find this
resolution of timely interest and ask
that they give it their careful considera-
tion :
H. RES. 689
A reso>ution expressing the sense of the
House of Representatives with respect to
permanent peace in the Middle East
Whereas Israel has, for the third time,
driven off the aggressors who have vowed
her destruction; and
Whereas Israel asks only peace in-the Mid-
dle East; and
Whereas Israel has thwarted designs of
communism in the Middle East and is Amer-
ica's only reliable friend in the region; and
Whereas all nations have the right to live
secure from threats and harassment: Now,
therefore, be it hereby
Resolved, That the Gulf of Aqaba and the
Strait of Tiran be recognized by the United
Nations as International waters;
That the Constantinople Treaty of 1888 be
enforced by the signatory powers so that no
parties shall be denied passage through the
Suez Canal;
That Israel not be required to withdraw
its troops to any arbitrary line until the
negotiation of a permanent peace treaty;
That peace negotiations take place pri-
marily and directly between the belligerent
parties in the Middle East;
That Israel be assured a rectification of
frontiers to make its territory less vulnerable
to surprise attack, including possession of the
old city of Jerusalem;
That the problem of the Arab refugees
from this most recent and previous wars be
resolved once and forever more, with assist-
ance from the United Nations and the United
States;
That this Government and the govern-
ments of other developed nations contribute
reasonable amounts of money to encourage
economic development among all the bellig-
erent states;
That the United States agree to guarantee
enforcement of any peace treaty that emerges
from the recent conflict.
(Mr. FARBSTEIN (at the request of
Mr. CABELL) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. FARBSTEIN'S remarks will ap-
pear hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. FARBSTEIN (at the request of
Mr. CABELL) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. FARBSTEIN'S remarks will ap-
pear hereafter in the Appendix.]
CONSERVATION OF OUR NATURAL
RESOURCES
(Mr. WAGGONNER (at the request of
Mr. CABELL) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and.to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I
think we are all interested in conserva-
tion of our natural resources, and are
prepared to do all we can do to preserve
these resources for future generations of
Americans. However, many of us prob-
ably do not realize that conservation also
involves the efficient use and proper re-
plenishment of resources located in or
on the outskirts of our urbanized areas.
My district is honored to have included
in its borders 1 of 26 areas in the
country selected for study in how to best
develop and use the natural resources
for economic growth while still providing
for the recreational needs of people in
and outside the area. This project is
only 1 of the 26 resource conserva-
tion and development projects being
considered.
If implemented, this project is ex-
pected to lead i;o an area income gain
of over $83 million over the next 15
years. Retention of natural resources
will be balanced with industrial growth
to provide the best possible living and
working conditions for this growing
area. One of the most laudable aspects
of the project's plan is the cooperation
and enthusiasm of both the area resi-
dents and potential and established in-
dustries in the region. The entire plan
is studied in the June 16 Minden, La.,
Press-Herald, and I urge everyone to
read it to gain a better understanding of
how efficient use of our natural resources
can benefit everyone:
LARGE ECONOMIC IMPACT IS SEEN IF R.C. & D.
PLAN IS IMPLEMENTED-I5-YEAR GROWTH
or $83.3 MILLION PREDICTED
Large impact on the economy of Webster
and Bossier Parishes is expected if the Re-
source Conservation Development Project's
plan is implemented, -according to officials of
the pilot project.
Estimations in the Project's draft call for
expenditures of more than $44 million during
a 15-year period while the plan is being in-
stalled.
In addition, the draft notes, "If all meas-
ures are installed, the gross income of the
area will be increased by an estimated $83.3
million dollars over the next 15 years."
Concerning labor, it was pointed out em-
ployment within the project area, not count-
ing additional job opportunities, could re-
quire 4,200 man-years to implement all
phases of the project.
Although the brief predicts specific mone-
tary increases in forestry and agriculture, it
simply notes implementation of other phases
"will ultimately show up as increased growth
in industry, recreation and tourism and as-
sociated businesses as a result of these proj-
ect measures creating a more favorable at-
mosphere for growth.
"Increased productivity in agriculture, in-
cluding forestry, resulting from accelerated
land treatment and water management pro-
grams is expected to increase the,. gross in-
come of the area by an estimated $23.1 Dill-
lion dollars annually once all programs are
completed," the report says.
BRIEF IN FT. WORTH
According to F. W. Hofmeister, project co-
ordinator, the plan is now in Ft. Worth, Tex.,
being printed prior to its submission to state
officials for approval the last week in June.
Tentative plans call for the project plan to be
in Washington, D.C. for approval by June 30,
Hofmeister noted.
One of only 26 such projects underway in
the country, the RC&D program for the Bos-
sier and Webster required the services of
more than 100 persons plus some 30 orga-
nizations and state and federal departments
in drawing up information for the brief now
being printed.
While work on the plan was underway, it
was noted, 30 meetings were held with more
than 800 persons in attendance.
OBJECTIVE
Officials have noted the primary objective
of the RC&D plan is "to develop and use
wisely natural resources for economic growth
and to provide for the needs of people in
and outside the project area."
It was explained the presence of a "wealth
of undeveloped soil, water, forest and wildlife
resources" is evidence of potential benefits in
the area.
Pointing .out the population rise in the
project area, the report notes the trench 1s
for persons in the Shreveport-Bossier area
"to flock to the countryside for recreation
and places to hunt and fish." The trend is
becoming greater, thus creating pressures on
land water, officials added.
STRONG WILLINGNESS
Discussing implementation of the plan, the
brief points out persons in the area have in-
dicated a strong willingness to carry out
many needed project measures to the limit of
their financial and technical ability.
"However," It goes on to say, "Technical
and financial assistance will be needed tc
help do the job."
"They also know that if this assistance
comes their way and the conservation and
development of resources in the project area
will create benefits that are difficult to meas-
ure in dollars and cents."
OBJECTIVES OUTLINED
A complete listing of objectives for the
RC&D program here are outlined below:
1) Fully develop, improve, conserve and
utilize the project area's woodland, crop-
land, grassland, wildlife and water resources
to meet the following goals:
a) Triple the value of the standing tim-
ber resource woodland owner income from
timber sales.
b) Double the number of forest industry
associated jobs and the income in salary
and wages from forest industries.
c) Increase cropland income by 25 per cent
and secure new uses for cropland now pro-
ducing crops in surplus.
d) Increase income from livestock enter-
prises by 35 per cent.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
solutions. Perhaps, most Important is the
growth in bank employment. Few industries
have so large a ratio of clerical employees
to payroll costs. If banking employment con-
tinued its 15 year post World War II growth,
everybody in the labor force would be work-
ing in banks by the year 2100.
The issue was clear. Banks accepted the
challenge before them with a speed uncom-
mon for a relatively conservative profession.
By the late 1950's, a solution for automated
processing of the mounting volume of checks
was hit upon.
Magnetic Ink Charabter Recognition-
known as MICR-was developed and intro-
duced, and broke the check barrier.
Computers have opened up a new era of
banking altogether. For business firms, banks
can provide such automated customer serv-
ices as: account-reconcilement programs;
bill-collection programs; sales analyses; ac-
counts receivable and payable; expense anal-
yses; and inventory controls. For individual
depositors, services may Involve: income and
disbursement analyses; consolidated state-
ments of all information on a savings, check-
ing or installment credit account; automatic
debits; and even a paying-agent; service.
The age of the checkless society or the
cashless society still has many obstacles to
overcome. There are trends, however, that
indicate we will use less and less cash and
fewer and fewer checks.
What becomes of people who have been
displaced by automation?
Many old-fashioned jobs are being elim-
inated. Generally, personnel are transferred
to similar or better positions. Statewide
banking employment in Illinois has risen
about 21/2 %. This is partly the result of the
offering of new services as well as industry
growth.
The Insurance Industry-which like bank-
ing consists essentially of white collar occu-
pations-has felt the sharp Impact of auto-
mation, according to testimony of witnesses
from Illinois insurance companies:
Insurance is a growth industry. Since
World War II, many companies have grown
at a phenomenal pace.
The Franklin Life Insurance Company of
Springfield, Illinois, for example, grew from
one billion to 6,330,000,000 dollars of insur-
ance in force from 1952 to 1966. And they
better than doubled their life policies during
that time from approximately 400,000 to
950,000.
The Continental Assurance Company of
Chicago grew from five billion to eleven bil-
lion dollars of insurance in force from 1957
to 1966.
The insurance industry ranks among the
largest employers in the United States, em-
ploying more than 850,000 people. More than
half of these-470,000-are employed by life
companies. Total employment rose 32% be-
tween 1954 and 1964.
A large part of the activity: of an insur-
ance carrier consists of the recording, stor-
age, retrieval, and processing of information.
Unless a rapidly expanding company takes
advantage of every means to process this in-
formation, the burden and expense of paper-
work becomes insupportable. The old manual
and punch card system had served insurance
company purposes well up to a point, but
now is unable to keep up with the continued
demand for services. There was no alternative
for rapidly growing insurance carriers. They
were compelled to turn to electronic com-
puter systems. By 1963, companies account-
ing for 80% of all employment in the insur-
ance field had installed computers.
Computer systems have almost eliminated
decisionmaking in routine jobs. Supervisory
jobs have a greater number and variety of
responsibilities. Middle management person-
nel responsibilities have increased greatly.
Top management jobs will require more
skill. Those who aspire for such positions in
the future will have to be computer ori-
ented.
Wha is the employment outlook in the
Industry?
Jobs for key punch operators and tabu-
lating machine operators will decline within
the nett live years. Job opportunities for file
and jui iior clerks will be fewer.
In sliort, the insurance industry will be
able tc absorb proportionately fewer people
from the labor market in the years ahead
than fc rmerly.
At present, there is an acute shortage of
trained computer personnel. Many insurance
compaiies have had to turn to its own or-
ganizai ion for talent, and to undertake cost-
ly training programs.
It was soon evident that companies in
many :ndustries other than insurance and
banking were "beating the bushes" for
trained, computer programmers, systems
analyst $, as well as other trained personnel.
This DA the Commission into a two-day
hearini, on vocational education, manpower
trainin; programs and apprenticeship. The
Commission wanted to know what was being
(lone b;Z our educational institutions to edu-
cate aid train the workforce of Illinois for
jobs attuned to the atomic, space and gom-
puter age:
One witness from industry said that forty
(40) personnel directors of companies in
Illinois; acknowledged dissatisfaction with
the av(rage product of our public education
system. The general complaint was that lit-
eracy a 2d mathematical skills were much too
low for most jobs.
Prod1icts of public high schools and voca-
tional ugh schools may be as good as they
were ten (10) or fifteen (15) years ago, but
that is not good enough. Today, modern in-
dustry places a much more serious demand
on learning ability and achievement, partic-
ularly m the areas of reading, writing and
arithmotic. A much greater demand is being
made fir special skills than is being turned
out by 'vocational high schools.
Mani companies object to training in ma-
chine operations that will not be useful any-
where in industry. With increasing frequen-
cy, employers comment, "We have to untrain
gradua?xs of vocational high schools before
we can begin to train them on our machines."
Other Witnesses representing private, state,
city and federal education agencies and man-
power training programs starkly outlined the
trainin;; and education problems Illinois
faces:
Illin aid has taken the responsibility upon these three. considerations, Mr; Speaker,
EXTENSION OF, REMARKS h.mself and his administration to work we see that the problem of a rubber-
or * fear the betterment of election processes stamp legislature is not nearly as serious
HON. RICHARD T. HANNA ir. the ROK. Second, it should be noted as it. appears at first glance. The NDP
that in comparison to elections of the has a great opportunity for growth in
OF CALIFOF4NL9 post, this one demonstrated great prog- th 4.3'ears, and the DRP!may face
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (?ss. In the past, Korea has had numer- ,the loss of their most effectivel leader in
oitc difficulties in administer ,?.n ..i,..,+;...,...^' +a,..,"._.+ -..,.-
'
"
-_ However, the 1967 elections demonst tote There were two points of an independ-
Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, the recent p:'ogress from the past. These twq'con- ently positive nature that merit men-
National elections held in the Republic siderations lead one to an optimistic tion here. The Assembly elections dem-
of Korea marked the beginning of the speculation of the future of Korean onstrated a great deal of political
second generation of the Third Republic. elections. ", independence on the part of the urban
The people of Korea may be proud of the The second issue in the decent Korean voters. The DRP suffer defeat in Seoul,
accomplishments of thin Third Republic eleotions results from the' fact that the Pusan, and other major cities. This has
in its first 4 years and look forward t
o Republic of Korea is a sed to one of been seen. as an attempt on the part of
even more growth and development in tl: e most severe thretso of Communist urban voters to put a check on the ruling
th
f
t
e
u
ure. sl; bversion and infilt tion in the Pacific party's control of the legislature. This
I have often looked to that progressive cc mmunity. The d ilitarized zone is kind of thinking demonstrates a feeling
republic with warmth and admiration. I under continuous saultfrom the north for political systems and is encouraging
feel that South Korea,is an important and the threat of ommunist collabora- for the future.
member of the Pacific community and a tors working thro h South Korean Gov- Second, both major parties demon-
good and valuable friend of the United ernment channe necessitates constant strated the beginning Of a sense of party
States. Many reactions to the recent attention. To c bat these threats to attachment and party leadership. The
elections in the ROK were, however, pes- democratic stabi ity, Mr. Park's govern- DRP began the planning of their election
simistic in nature. This, kind of reaction m not has develo d an efficient National in the summer of 1966. They were well
is, furthermore, all too typical of Amer- Police Force. The DRP has such exten- prepared for the election effort by June
ica's general view of our neighbors to sire control of t e Government, the pos- of 1967. Although there remains much
the west. We seem always prone to no- sildlity of that arty exploiting the use polishing in the future, the party idea
tice the negative aspects of Asian devel- of the police fore is a charge available has caught on in the ROK, and again
opments and consequently the more con- to the opposition\end of the press. This leads to optimism for the future.
structive side is lost froil view. In the re- is an unfortunate situation. Yet it shall Mr. Speaker, we have a proud and
cent Korean elections there were, of exert only as long as the Government just democratic system in America. Yet
course, a number of problems, yet I feel remains so heavily ighted to one side. it is still not flawless, and we have been
the overall evaluation must be positive. As I shall point out la the next elec- at it for nearly two centuries now. Fur-
The Republic of Korea is making a vali- ticn may well bring a mu ore bal- ther, we did not face many of the hin-
ant attempt to stabilize her democratic aneed government, eliminating asis drances that the young Republic of Ko-
system, while working under tremendous for the charge, usually unfounded-, rea faces. It is, indeed, understandable
ha dicaps. I am confident, Mr. Speaker, police exploitation by the DRP. In the hat the- Koreans have problems with
than she is on her way; to a successful interim elections, the problem is not sera- t ' democratic development and sta-
and stable political fut re.
c4 out and the Communist threat neees- biliz on. We-must, however, recognize
The three major areas of concern that sit)tes the maintenance of an efficient the sig 'ficant progress that the ROK is
have been reported by the American po'.ice program. making. feel certain that they will dem-
press with regard to the Korean National third complaint registered against onstrate uch more growth and progress
Assembly elections of June 6 center the June 8 elections was that President in the yea to come.
around: the accusation of the rigging of park now has a rubber stamp legislature Further
f , commend to the cgnsidera-
elections; the problem of excessive police at his disposal since his party controls tion o m colleagues a series of three
power and its misuse; the possibility that ova r two-thirds of the .seats in the as_ articles ap earing in the June 14, 1967,
the new DRP-controlled National As- ser.ibly. This allegation fails to consider edition of the Korea Herald Weekly,
sembly will be nothing more than a "rub- thi ee important conditions in the Korean which eland upon some of the consid-
ber stamp" for President Park. The ex- Government. First of all, the DRP is not erations,bf the elections of Junje 8:
tent of the problem is speculative, at best. a monolith. It is a coalition of many DRP 9l2NIPOTENT AS ELECTION RESULT
The press reports, however, have unfor- smeller parties and subject to great in- / (By Joong-Sup Bae)
tunately dwelt only with the negative ter al problems. Moreover, President Th '/ruling Democratic Republican Party
aspects of the election; while marry prob- Park does not have singular control over (D) is now omnipotent as the result of
lems were evident in the election, still, the party. There are other men, such as the` National Assembly elections Thursday,
viewed as a whole the recent Assembly DRP President Jong-pie Kim, who play and the nation enters a new phase of politics
elections offer the promise of improve- major roles in formulating party dirge- as it approaches the 19706 when the legis-
ment in the future. To allow the negative tioil. Second, the possibility for a work- lature will have served its term.
130 party
considerations to obscure the promising abl s two-party system is now ve The ruling
became to the 1 able n ssemol , a
outlook for the future of the ROK would On' y one splinter party r3' candidate good was " 13 seats 13t more seats in the -thirds assembly,
be a grave mistake. more than han atwo-thir majority-
be to find victory on June 8. Those who 117 seats--enabling the party to amend even
The problem of election irregularities bar. ded together in the NDP were able the Constitution if it wishes.
is a serious one in a democracy. As long to find considerable success, especially in In the final vote count, the ruling party
as voters are not allowed, vote as they urban areas where voters are developing had 103 elected in the 131 constituencies and
stto 27 out of the 44 pro rortional
personally believe they should, the dem- an admirable degree of political sophis- representative
seats.
ocratic process remains limited in its tication. If NDP leaders can learn from The
representative effectiveness. In Korea, the June 8 election, they will work to major opposition s DParty ate-
Pasty and the Taejung (masses) artParty o
two things must be pointed out, however, incorporate many of the splinter groups came the only opposition. parties to hold
ld
with regard to the reported election code into their fold. If the present two-party seats in the forthcoming legislature. But
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 A 3388
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 29, 1967
aid bond financing may distort the rational
location of business by encouraging a cor-
poration to establish a plant in an area
which would be otherwise unfavorable. It is
argued that if a certain locality is advan-
tageous for a corporation, it could or should
be attracted without aid. The contention
that aid bonds encourage the "pirating" of
industry is also common. It refers to in-
stances where a corporation established in
one town pulls up stakes and moves to an-
other town which offers financing, thereby
creating employment in one area while re-
ducing it in another.
_ Surveys have revealed that few firms move
to a new area solely because a municipality
offers. to build a plant. Most choose a region
for various economic and financial reasons.
This follows from the fact that any savings
realized through aid financing, while they
may seem sizeable per se, are only a small
fraction of the firm's total cost of operation.
Within a region or state, however, the offer
of aid financing and property tax exemption
may bias a firm in favor of a particular lo-
cality. While few disagree with the general
censure. on "pirating" of industry, it is an
uncommon, not common, occurrence. Most
aid bonds are used to build branches, or new
plants for new companies.
Criticism of aid bonds is also forthcoming
from those who fear that the tax exempt
status of all municipal bonds is threatened
by adverse publicity attending the use of aid
bonds. They point out that the Treasury has
been opposed to such tax exemption for some
time, and that this position may receive more
support than it has in the past from those
who regard aid financing as an abuse of the
privilege. This is one of the IBA's chief ob-
jections.
Probably the most widespread objection to
tax free industrial aid bonds is their Increas-
ing use for large, financially healthy corpo-
rations, frequently in areas with no out-
standing labor surpluses. The growing use
of revenue bonds is symptomatic of this
trend. Tight money accelerated the pace of
revenue bond sales in 1966 as corporations
sought less expensive sources of financing.
During the first half of 1966, the IBA recorded
70 industrial aid bond offerings totaling about
$327 million. Of this total, $267 million of
bonds were accounted for by only six offer-
ings, each of which exceeded $20 million. Of
the six localities benefited, only two were
areas with unemployment over 6 percent. Of
the seven corporations to be aided, five are
listed on the New York Stock Exchange and
one on the American Stock Exchange. One
of these six offerings was the largest single
issue on record. it consisted of $70 million
of bonds sold by a town with a population of
approximately 1,200 to build plants for two
large manufacturing concerns. Retail busi-
nesses have also benefited from aid financ-
ing recently, along with a major international
hotel chain.
Two specific practices have been singled
out for much criticism. One is the purchase
by the corporation of the municipal bonds
which were sold for its benefit. It has been
argued that if the company could afford to
purchase the bonds, it could have provided
its own financing. Second is the sale of bonds
to purchase an existing facility which is then
leased back to the corporation already using
the facility. This amounts simply to a re-
financing scheme using tax exempt bonds,
since no new jobs are created.
CONCLUSIONS
In June 1963,'after a thorough study, the
Advisory Committee on Intergovernmental
Relations published a report on industrial aid
bonds. This committee, which was established
by the Congress, concluded that this type
of bond "tends to impair tax equities,
competitive business relationships and con-
ventional financing institutions out of pro-
portion to its contribution to economic
development and employment." While recog-
nizing the beneficial uses of this device in
connection with nonurban, poor regions, the
Commission deplored instances of pirating,
and the growing use of such bonds to finance
large corporations in areas which do not
have high unemployment rates.
The Commission, as well as many others
concerned with the present trend of aid
financing, would prefer that these abuses
be remedied by action at the state level. With
interstate competition becoming so keen,
however, it seems unlikely that any state
would care to pioneer legislation of this type.
Therefore., many view action by the federal
government as the only feasible solution.
Several bills have been introduced into Con-
gress, but so far none has been acted upon.
One of the most frequently suggested reme-
dies provides that corporations be prohibited
from deducting rental payments from taxable
income if its facilities are financed by aid
bonds
' Mi Americans United for Israel
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 6, 1967
Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I have
recently received a resolution, adopted
at a Bronx rally of Americans United
for Israel, which sets forth the views
and conclusions of many of my constitu-
ents on the Mideast problem. I insert
the text of the resolution in the RECORD
for the consideration of my colleagues:
RESOLUTION
We, Americans of every faith, gathered in
meeting assembled, on the 20th day of June,
1967, in the county of the Bronx, State of
New York, united in support of Israel and
her righteous cause, do hereby declare:
1. We have watched with ever-widening
admiration the heroic efforts of the people
of Israel to reconstruct their ancestral home-
land, A nation sanctioned 19 years ago by
the United Nations and dedicated to the
highest aims ofpeace and democracy.
2. We have observed, also, with ever-grow-
ing dismay the efforts of Israel's unfriendly
neighbor states to nullify the international
decision creating the State of Israel by their
unceasing endeavors to exterminate its
people,
3. The United Arab Republic has attempted
Israel's strangulation by the blockade of the
international waters of the Strait of Tiran,
by amassing armies at her borders, by end-
less incursions and bloody assaults upon its
citizens, and by launching vituperative
threats to annihilate the State. These at-
tempts have been averted by Israel's gallant
defense forces. The exercise of her elemen-
tary right of survival has served to heighten
all our admiration for Israel's resistance to
lawless aggression.
4. As Americans we are acutely conscious of
the obligations our Government has assumed
to secure for Israel a just peace, free from
armed invasions and the perpetual threat of
war.
Now, therefore, be it resolved, That it is
the duty of the Government of these United
States and the General Assembly of the
United Nations firmly and unequivocally to
demand face-to-face negotiations between
Israel and. the Arab States, conducted in the
light of prevailing conditions and guaran-
teeing a durable and just peace which will
respect Israel's sovereignty, her security and
her international maritime rights.
Be it further resolved, That we united
Americans here assembled do solemnly pledge
our solidarity in determined and continuing
support of Israel.
Be it further resolved, That copies of this
resolution be sent to: the President of the
United States, the Secretary of State, the
Congress of the United States, the United
States Ambassador to the United Nations and
the Israeli Ambassador to the United Nations.
Portuguese Naval Training Ship Visits
the United States
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR.
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 29, 1967
Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, last week
the city of Newark, N,J., was host to the
naval training ship Sagres, from Portu-
gal. In light of the close relationship that
this country has had with Portugal for
many years, and the great many Ameri-
cans of Portuguese descent, who have
contributed so much to the growth and
development of our country, I would like
to make special notice of the arrival of
this fine ship.
On Saturday, June 17, 1967, I per-
sonally toured the ship while it was at
anchor in Port Newark. It was a proud
honor for me to meet the captain of this
ship, Comdr. Daniel Farrajota Rocheta,
and his fine 282-man crew. It was also
gratifying to see a large number of Portu-
guese Americans turn out to greet the
Sagres.
The Sagres is a magnificent ship, and
it is one of the few three-masted schoon-
ers still sailing the high seas. Before com-
ing to Port Newark, the ship participated
in a 3-day 200th anniversary celebration
of the U.S. Naval Station at Norfolk, Va.
After spending 6 days in Newark, the
ship sailed to Fall River, Mass., and then
departed for Portugal.
In honor of the visit of the Sagres,
I would like to call to my colleagues' at-
tention the following letters of greeting
and information on the ship, which were
contained in the commemorative bro-
chure, Sagres.
THE "SAGRES"
The training ship "Sagres" is the second
unit of the Portuguese Navy to bear the
name "Sagres", a name which comes to it
from the promontory by the same name and
which is located in the extreme southwest
of the Portuguese coast near Cape St. Vin-
cent.
Sagres makes up a part of the region which
ancient writers called "Sacrum Promontor-
ium" and was considered by them to be the
outer limits of inhabited earth,
Estrabao, referring to the forexnentioned
ancient writers, as Artemidoro and others,
says that the Sacred Promontory was "a
sacred place, uninhabited, where there was
no water and to which it wasn't even possible
for anyone to go at night because the Gods
gathered there."
The privileged geographical situation of
Sagres was, of course, the main reason which
led Infante D. Henrique to choose that locale
for "isolating himself from society" and to
be able to better devote himself to his work
of initiating the glorious series of discoveries.
It was there that the Infante gathered
together master national and foreign astrolo-
gers who became pilots to try to discover the
unknown world, in his service and that of
the country.
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June 29, 1967 CONGRE&HTONAL RECORD -APPENDIX A13387
lug this type of financing are frequently
laced with such strong statements as:
"The, subsidizing of private corporations
through tax exempt bond sales is incom-
patible with the free enterprise system and
represents an abuse of the tax; exempt privi-
lege;" or
"Any intimation that the financing of in-
dustry through tax exempt municipal bonds
does not serve the public purpose is hypo-
critical."
Why is it that this particular type of
municipal bond issue, which; accounts for
only about 5 percent of all tax exempt bond
offerings, arouses such controversy? This
article will summarize the development of
industrial aid financing, the chief character-
istics of the bonds, and the principal argu-
ments for and against their use.
WHAT ARE INDUSTRIAL AID BONDS?
Industrial aid bonds are bolds sold by a
state or local government, or instrumentality
thereof, for the express purpose of raising
funds to acquire, build, or improve a com-
mercial site or plant which is then leased to
a private corporation. The lease is generally
for 25 to 40 years, and usually contains an
agreement whereby the corporation may pur-
chase the rented facility when the lease ex-
pires. Rental payments by the corporation
are set to cover the principal and Interest
payments on the bonds. A government or au-
thority sells industrial aid bonds because it
believes that the corporation's presence will
boost the local economy. The corporation
finds industrial aid attractive because it is
spared the expense of buildin a new plant
which .it, still subscribes. Reasons for such
opposition are discussed later.
As t;e use of industrial aid bonds has be-
come Increasingly common, the average
spread between the issuing yield of good
grade aid bonds and good grade general ob-
ligatioa municipals has narrowed from about
143 bads points in 1957, to 60-70 basis points
in 196i, according to estimates of Goodbody
and C3ripany. At present, the yield on in-
dustri i aid bonds falls about midway be-
tween ?good grade tax exempts and prime
corporates.
It his been estimated that insurance com-
panies buy around one-third of all industrial
aid offrings, but commercial banks also ac-
quire s -sizeable E mount.
The secondary marlet for industrial
revenue bonds is much thinner than for most
other ax exempts. Dealers often have dif-
ficulty in arriving at an appropriate price for
a specific bond because ; of the very small
turnover of this type of socurity, and because
the qi al ty of the bona cannot be deter-
mined without knowing= the terms of the
lease which secures it. Sifice uncovering such
information may prove tb be time consuming
and costly, a dealer will often refer a poten-
writer.
The present
and its lease payments are 1 wer than the I4fssiss.ppi with large pools of surplus farm
costs associated with other sources of financ- Tabor. The state had little industry, and no
ing, due in large part to the tax exempt fea- /large institutions able to finance the estab-
ture of the bonds. 1 lishmeiltof new industries. The constitution
The bonds may be general obligations, se- i barred the use of public credit for private
cured by the full faith and credit of the ! Pm'Pos . To circumvent this barrier, the
a Mississ.ppi legislature declared industrial de-
issuing government, or they may be the I velopment to be a public purpose. Legislation
nonguaranteed, "revenue" type, secured only
by the capital asset they financed and by was passed enabling cities and counties to
the rental payments as established by the raise fiords through the sale of general ob-
lease. State laws generally specify which i ligation bonds for the express purpose of
types of bonds may be sold. Because indus- constrt cting industrial plants for lease to
trial revenue bonds must be meted on the private industry. Between 1936 and 1950 only
basis of the credit rating of the company, A\Kentucky followed Mississippi's example in
+finir me it Hmi author'zing industrial aid bonds, and few
+A v ra 17o' t finsnni>u
projects for fairly sizeable companies and
therefore individual issues also tend to be
large. In 1965, for instance, the average size
of industrial revenue offerings was over $3
million, compared to only about $600,000
for general obligation industrials. General
obligation bonds are used typically in be-
half of small or new corporations.
Industrial aid financing has grown from
slightly over $7 million in 1951 to $216 mil-
lion in 1965, an average annual increase of
41 percent since 1960. The volume of $439
million for the first three quarters of 1966
was more than double the total for all of
1965, and industrial issues as a percent of
total municipal bond sales jumped from 2
percent to slighlty over 5 percent in these
nine months. Because these data do not in-
clude issues advertised and sold locally, the
total amounts are understated' to some ex-
tent. Estimates for the actual volume of aid
financing in 1965, for instance, range up to
$1 billion. The average size of individual
issues has also increased sharply, from less
than $400,000 In 1957 to million in
1965, and this figure also almost doubled
in the first three quarters of 1966.
Issues %rere sold.
\Alth(,ugh Mississippi and Kentucky set a
p cede at by authorizing the sale of muni-
cip 1 bonds to provide direct assistance to
corporations, the concept of public aid for
the pri,rate sector was not new. In the 1800s,
railroads and canals were often financed with
public eiedit. Partly as a result of adverse
experie:1cet this time, many states adopted
constitittional provisions prohibiting mu-
nicipalities fro extending public credit to
private business ctivties. Today, industrial
aid bonds are not a sole financial induce-
ment f, sr attracting ustry. Among others
prevale:lt are loans fr business and in-
dustria:_ development core tons, both pri-
vately i31d publicly financed, ate financing
of industrial buildings through urance or
guaranies of private loans, and the offering
of various types of tax immunities or con-
cessioni;'to corporations.
Durix.g the 1950s 21 states passed legisla-
tion enabling municipalities to sell bonds for
industrial aid, and today 20 states have such
laws. Five more states are either able to issue
aid bonds for certain purposes, or are in the
process of passing and validating the neces-
sary legislation. Only a few year ago, over
THE MARKET 90 percent of all industrial aid bond sales
According to estimates made by Goodbody originated in the southern states, reflecting
& Company, a New York securities firm, about their emphasis on official programs to en-
90 percent of all industrial aid bonds are courage } industralization. Now, however,
marketed initially through municipal bond states in all parts of the country have au-
dealers, with the remainder sold through civic thorizei I their use, including such heavily in-
groups, such as Chambers of Commerce, to dustrialized states as Illinois, Michigan, Dela-
local banks and residents. Not all municipal ware, aid New York. It should be pointed
bond dealers underwrite industr al aid bonds, out that, to date, these states have utilized
however. Some refuse to handle these because this right very little or not at all. In the
they disapprove of their use. Indeed, the In. first three quarters of 1966, nine southern
vestment Bankers Association (IBA) adopted states iooounted for almost 80 percent, or
and 83 percent of the total number. Missis-
sippi, Alabama, Kentucky, and Arkan&as are
the leading states in total volume of aid
financing.
Many state legislatures have authorized
the use of revenue bonds only, but in several
states, including most of the southern ones,
general obligation issues are also permitted.
From 1961 through 1964 revenue bonds ac-
counted for between 74 percent and 84 per-
cent of the total volume of aids bonds sold,
but during the past two years they have
risen to 96 percent.
The widespread existence of constitution-
al and statutory restrictions on general obli-
gation borrowing is to a large degree re-
sponsible for the preponderance of industrial
revenue issues. In particular, the fact that
in many states revenue bonds are not re-
stricted by the necessity of holding referen-
dums or otherwise obtaining public consent
also contributes to their popularity. Missis-
sippi is an exception to the general pattern
and continues to issue mainly general ob-
ligation bonds despite legislation in 1960
permitting revenue bonds. Through the
years, Mississippi has aided a large number
of small, often new, corporations which
might have been unable to secure financing
elsewhere. In the first nine months of 1968,
for example, Mississippi accounted fot only
3 percent of the dollar volume of aid bond
sales, but 24 percent of the number of issues.
Municipalities and statutory authorities
account for the majority of all aid. bond
sales. In 1965, municipalities sold 36 per-
cent of the total volume. Statutory authori-
ties, which are often created by municipali-
ties for the sole purpose of borrowing money,
sold 55 percent of the total. Counties con-
tributed anther 7 percent, and states and
special districts 1 percent each. Direct:state
participation in industrial bond sales is a
fairly recent development.
ARGUMENTS PRO AND CON
A fairly common objection to aid i'' bond
financing is that it may affect adversely the
financial health of the issuer. In the case of
general obligations, it Is pointed out that
while taxpayers may voluntarily accept the
liability by approving the bonds in a referen-
dum, most of them were not in a position
to assess the company's soundness or poten-
tial before voting. Although revenue bonds
are not a direct liability of the government
they are generally recognized as a contingent
liability, in fact if not in law. Default could
jeopardize a community's credit and render
future borrowing for recognized public
needs more difficult and costly. Small towns
which attract large corporations may,, find
their finances 'undermined by the property
tax exemption which is virtually always
granted the corporation, and by the need to
expand such facilities as water and sewer
works, roads, and schools, to accommodate
the new plant. This situation would belmost
apt to occur in those instances where the
size of the corporation attracted far exceeded
the pool of available labor, and labor hed to
be imported.
In regard to these objections, it should be
pointed out that an extremely small num-
ber of corporations have defaulted on :their
lease payments, and that so far there has
been little, if any, deterioration in the credit
of those localities utilizing aid bonds. how-
ever, most experience with aid bonds has
been in a period of economic expansion and
growth. Also, the ability of the electorate to
judge soundly on such questions is usually
greater the smaller the community. Whether
or not a referendum is held, citizens in small
towns generally are informed on current
local questions. Abuses are more apt to occur
in larger cities, where the interests of a
smaller percentage of people would be di-
rectly involved, and where word-of-mouth
news would not be effective.
Another frequently heard argument is; that
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 29, 1967
Kosygin's Duplicitous Hoax
any lasting harm to U.S. relations with Latin
America, and in the Dominican Republic it-
self there is considerable evidence that his
intervention did quite a lot of good. But we
certainly don't see very many out of the
thousands of intellectuals who protested the
President's Dominican policy now coming
forward by letter, picket line, lecture, edi-
torial, paid ad, or any other of our many
available means of free speech to say, "Well,
Johnson was right, and I was wrong."
I wonder if it will be this generation of uni-
versity graduates-your generation-that
could perhaps teach Americans how to be
wrong. All it takes is courage, honesty, self-
respect, grace-and sometimes a sense of
humor can help. You might give quite a les-
son to some of your elders-politicians, jour-
nalists, even some professors and preachers.
I know many students of New York Uni-
versity have felt deeply, and spoken up
strongly, on Viet Nam, the issue that has
dominated the public life of the United
States for half or more of your college years.
I as a Trustee of this University am proud
that so many of you have taken a stand in
this passionate debate.
Some of you will turn out to have been
wrong. It is in the way you react to that mo-
ment, I suggest, that you will get a chance
to take another stand-in behalf of a ma-
ture and civilized style of public life in
America.
How to be right is something of an art, too,
and some of you will get a chance to show
your skill at that, when the Viet Nam results
are finally in. How to be right in ways that
make it a little easier for the people who were
wrong to decide that they were wrong, and
that make it easier for all of us to turn to-
gether to a fresh agenda.
You know after a war we Americans do a
beautiful job of binding up the wounds of
the enemy. Look at Japan and Germany to-
day. After Viet Nam, I think many of the
most serious wounds will be internal, right
here at home, and some of the most grievous
will be in this very deeply divided city of
New York.
Looking ahead to that time, we might per-
haps begin even now, without in any way re-
stricting the Viet Nam debate, to let a cer-
tain measure of modesty and generosity into
the dialogue. As to what will or won't work
in Viet Nam, we might begin by admitting
that we are all to some extent guessing.
Nothing is guaranteed. So far as the morality
of the policy is concerned, we might do well
to credit all parties to the debate with decent
motives and a normal sense of human com-
passion. We might also try, even as we go on
arguing, to reawaken some sense among us
of community. As Americans we have come a
long way together;-our history, when you get
right down to it, really reads pretty well.
I was in Viet Nam last month, and one day
in Saigon I met a New York University alum-
nus named Hoang Nang Oanh. He took a
Master's degree here in Comparative Juris-
prudence, Class of 1964. He is now a Third
Lieutenant-they have such a thing-in the
South Vietnamese army. In the course of our
conversation, he said to me, "You know it is
only two days from Saigon to Washington,
but it is also 200 years."
The incredibly audacious thing that Third
Lieutenant Oanh-and a few million other
people in South Viet Nam-and we Ameri-
cans-are trying to do, is to defend not so
much a nation as the possibility that South
Viet Nam can become a nation. It's a very
tough proposition. We may fail. If so I hope
that I, as one who has supported the policy,
will be prompt to admit that we had at-
tempted something beyond our powers. But
you know, we may just succeed. And if that
happens, I hope that the many thoughtful
and dedicated Americans who have opposed
the policy will be glad to acknowledge that
.their country is sometimes capable of even
more than we should dare to dream.
HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR.
OF VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, June 29, 1967
Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President,
I ask unanimous consent to have printed
in the Appendix of the RECORD an edito-
rial published in the Nashville Banner,
Monday, June 26, 1967, entitled "Kosy-
gin's Duplicitous Hoax."
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
LOST WEEKEND: KOSYGIN'S DUPLICITOUS
HOAX
One needn't go back to Kipling's day for
substantive warning to beware of "The Truce
Of The Bear." It unfolded last night in the
climax of a lost Weekend. The Soviet Prime
Minister, Alexel Kosygin-having made ges-
tures of peaceful overture, ascending a moun-
tain to view the Promised Land-turned at
the crest to detonate and scuttle the very
hope he had helped fabricate.
In an hour and a half of policy summation,
he made it clear that the Kremlin had altered
not a single position-nor retreated an inch
from its course of bluff, bluster and black-
mail, to affront the United States and coerce
the Free World into total surrender.
Let none misread this threat by resort to
wishful thinking. He moved agreement no
closer by his pronouncements in the tone of
ultimatum-bearing on both the Middle East
and Vietnam. His were words of a studied
contempt,- and of unconcealed malice-un-
changed by the hospitality that had been ac-
corded him. The Glassboro conferences were
behind him. In the setting of an interna-
tional forum, and as doctrinaire obstruction-
ist, he was back at the same old stand, Mas
-
ter of Deceit, doing what came naturally.
No phase of his billingsgate bore a heavier
touch of personal insult than the conditions
he attached to any prospective visit of Pres-
ident Johnson in Russia. The Chief Execu-
tive would be welcome there, he said, only
if the United States withdraws from Viet-
nam, and sides with the Soviet and Arab
countries against Israel. The "bridges" Mr.
Johnson has been striving to build for amity
toward East Europe (the Communist bloc)
evidently are construed as for one-way pass-
age only.
Whatever hopes Kosygin dashed in this
vulgarian performance as a final curtain call
were ephemeral and groundless in the first
place; and few with a working knowledge
of the Kremlin operation entertained any ex-
pectation of solid accomplishment through
this round of official te?te-a-tete.
Let America's answers be no less clear
concerning its policy position-and solid
stand-on the principles thus brought into
challenge again by the top voice of the
world's blackmail bloc. No enduring peace
can be brought by surrender of honor and
justice in the Middle East-nor in Vietnam,
where American sons still are dying for na-
tional and Free World security against this
identical chief conspirator, meaning Rus-
sia no less than Red China.
Far more than a half century ago, the
prophetic Kipling poem detected and
phrased it-and our diplomatic staff could
well remember as developments fulfill it:
"When he stands up like a tired man, totter-
ing near and near;
When he stands up as pleading, in waver-
ing, man-brute guise,
When he veils the hate and cunning of his
little swinish eyes;
When he shows as seeking quarter, with
paws like hands in prayer,
That is the time of peril-the time of the
Truce of the Be
tLo
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LESTER L. WOLFF
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 28, 1967
Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, recently
there were reports that Egypt, in viola-
tion of international law and the Geneva
Convention, and as an affront to all hu-
manity, used poison gas against the peo-
ple of Yemen. Documents of the Interna-
tional Red Cross published in the July
3, 1967, issue of the U.S. News & World
Report confirm that General Nasser did,
in fact, permit this dastardly deed. The
disgust aroused by the use of poison gas
strikes deeply. That Egypt would resort
to such inhumane tactics is shocking in
the middle of the 20th century.
Words alone cannot express the deep
revulsion Egypt's conduct, on the inter-
national arena causes m. Let me only
say that if this is what men are made of,
mankind's future is dim. -
Under leave to extend my remarks, Mr.
Speaker, I include in the RECORD the re-
port from the U.S. News & World Report:
HOW NASSER USED POISON GAS
(NOTE.-Published below, for the first
time, is the proof that Egypt used poison
gas in its. war against Yemen. The proof is
in these secret documents of the Interna-
tional Red Cross. The full text has not ap-
peared before in English.)
GENEVA.-The undersigned doctors, mem-
bers of the International Committee of the
Red Cross medical mission to the Yemen,
arrived at Gahar [North Yemen] in the
Wadi Herran, on May 15, 1967, following an
appeal for assistance from the inhabitants
who claimed to have been under gas attack
by airplanes on the morning of May 10, 1967.
The following statements was made by the
inhabitants who witnessed the Incident:
1. Seventy-five persons died of poison gas
shortly after the raid.
They showed the following symptoms:
shortness of breath, coughing, pink foam at
the mouth, general edema, especially the
face; no physical injuries.
2. The undersigned doctors examined the
four surviving victims and observed the fol-
lowing:
Subjective symptoms: burning eyes and
trachea, internal thorax pain, extreme
fatigue, anorexia.
Objective symptoms: dry cough, negative
auscultation in two patients, signs of bron-
chitis in the other two, conjuctivitis, facial
edema, no truamatic lesions, tympanum in-
tact.
3. The undersigned doctors examined a
corpse, four days after death and 12 hours
after burial.
Immediately, the common grave was
opened, and, well before the corpses-which
were only wrapped in shrouds, without cof-
fins-were visible, there was a sweet pene-
trating smell - not unlike garlic. The bodies
showed no traumatic lesions. The skin was
pink. Advanced and general edema all over
the body.
Examination of lungs: reddish-brown
throughout, enlargement, consistence and
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June 29, 1967 CONGRE355IONAL RECORD -APPENDIX 3361
now you have had at least a brief experience
of another face of war.
I am not suggesting that everyone who
admired the operations of the Israeli army
last week must now necessarily support the
operations of the American forces In Viet
Nam. We might well wish. that we could
see in Viet Nam such surgically exact use
of force as the Israelis so masterfully demon-
strated. We might also wish that South
Viet Nam had the cohesiveness and disci-
pline and national spirit of Israel. We are
there, of course, precisely because South
Viet Nam does not have those things, but
might in time develop them,: and meanwhile
occupies a piece of ground that has become
enormously important, geographically, po-
litically, and psychologically.
By the way, General Moshe Dayan, the
Israeli Defense Minister, made a tour of the
Viet Nam war last year. When he returned
to Israel he published some articles sup
the general objectives of the U. stand
in Viet Nam, criticizing some asp of the
U.S. performance there, praisin thers. Just
this past Sunday, on a C.B.S.'p ogram, some-
body said to General Dayan ouldn't It be
nice If South Viet Nam uld fight like
Israel, and the General wa tactful enough
to say that it would also gip if the Viet
My own amateur guess i that within the
next year-or two years at 1he most-we will
see the shape of the final outcome in Viet
Nam, not. the last shot but unmistakable
trend. It will begin to com clear that the
Viet Nara policy of the Johnson Administra-
tion Is a failure, or that it is'a success. This
war is just not going to grin' along forever.
I would define any of the fo lowing situa-
tions as constituting clear f lure of the
Johnson Administration's Viet am policy:
Any significant reduction 1n the _p ercentage
of the South Viet Nam population how under
control of the Saigon government; ?:or a dis-
ruptive new round of coups among the South
Vietnamese Generals; or a? condi on in
which the rural pacification and develop-
ment programs were completely stalle&r and
very large increases in the American ttpop
commitment-such as a quarter milli oQn
more men-were being requested. A mot''
advanced stage of failure would be a ne,,
gotiated American evacuation, in a situation'
which gave the Viet Cong control of South
Viet Nam or put them in a good position to
take it over soon. The latter of course Is a
settlement we could have had at any time
with no effort whatever, so if that should be
the final result of all our sacrifice, the whole
policy would have been a sorry mistake in-
deed.
Confronted with a failure of the policy in
any of these forms, there are several lines
of rationalization by which an individual
supporter of the policy could.avoid saying he
himself had actually been wrong. One ob-
vious line would be that the policy was right
but it hadn't been prosecuted vigorously
enough, that we should have: gone all-out to
win. Another argument might be that our
Viet Nam stand had already, brought about
certain strategic benefits-that it had helped,
for instance, make possible; the anti-com-
munist revolution in Indonesia-but now
this effort was no longer needed. Other ways
of evading an acknowledgment of failure are
fairly easy to think up. What is perhaps more
difficult to visualize is any important num-
ber of politicians, editors, generals, or ordi-
nary citizens stepping up and saying, "I was
wrong. I thought the policy would work, but
It didn't,"
But now consider another possible out-
come, that the policy succeeds. I would de-
fine success as a situation in which the_ per-
centage of Viet Nam population under gov-
ernment control is increasing; political sta-
bility in the countryside is improving; enemy
troop strength is declining; 'U.S. and Allied
casualties are declining, though guerrilla
operations might still continue for quite a
time- U U.S. troop strength has leveled out; and
a act edule can be set up for the first gradual
withirawals of U.S. troops. If that should be
the eituation sometime within the next year
or two, I would say the Administration's Viet
Nam policy had been vindicated.
Again, however, there could be many pos-
sible ways for opponents of the policy to
evad3 such an admission. One would be to
say 1 ,hat such stability as existed had been
achiiryed in spite of the Johnson Administra-
tion'i policy, that the big U.S. military effort
had served to magnify rather than reduce
the underlying political and economic prob-
lems of Viet Nam. Another argument would
be: 'Fes, we did finally succeed but it just
wasn't worth the cost. And still another
argument could be that our policy was
morally indefensible from the beginning,
and therefore any apparent successes for the
policy are morally unacceptable.
But I vna~er if any Senator, columnist,
professor, clergyman, pediatrician might
come forward and sifhpLy say, "Well, what do
you snow, I have to admit -Johnson
was ight about Viet Nam." It is kind of fun
to tr,t to imagine some of these scenes, and I
admit there are one or two particular in-
dividiiaFls it would be especially interesting
to witch in these roles,
But there is a much more serious point in-
volved. Viet Nam has been a bitterly divisive
issue in American life for some two and a
half-years, ever since we began the air at-
tacks .on the North and made the first com-
mitment of U.S. ground combat units. Viet
Nam will continue to be a highly divisive
issue until the Johnson policy has unmistak-
ably failed or succeeded. I think that realiza-
tion will come not In a single thunderclap
some Monday morning, but in an accumula-
tion Df.evidence over several months.
An 9 when that happens-and I believe it
will happen in 1968 or 1969-then surely
there is a plenty of other business America
shou d be turning to. But if at that time
everyone must still insist he was right about
Viet Nam, and no one is willing to admit he
was wrong, then I am afraid we are doomed
to go on arguing about Viet Nam: This could
perpc-tuate a very sour political and intellec-
tual atmosphere in this country for years to
oil rational life.
41;Acians, of course, are notoriously re-
luctal~t, to admit error. Few of them have
ever o a so far as Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia?
N.Y.lt(`i w School, 1910. You remember his
famous "When I make a mistake, it's
The Presi of the United States at the
time of my gra ion from college, indeed
for more than a -decade afterward, was
Fran tin Roosevelt. 3're is no instance of
President Roosevelt ever"piiblicly acknowl-
edgir.g a mistake.
Harry Truman once went to a roar at
anotdlel university of this city-I ho 's
lumt to-and said "On the big things, I was
right. And on the little things . . . well, if
there's ;anyone listening here who hasn't ever
made a mistake, let him put on his wings
and ay-the hell out of here." You notice, of
tours e, that President Truman was conced-
ing mistakes only on the occasional little
thinf, and even this confession did not come
until 1959, six years after he had left the
White House.
President Kennedy has been credited by
some biographers with a particularly gen-
eroue confession of error after the Bay of
Pigs, when he said he would not try "to
conceal responsibility . because I am the
responsible officer of the government." This
was x. manly but I think entirely obvious
statement of a simple constitutional fact.
In a great many private and semi-private rp-
marlis which got leaked to the press quite
rapidly, President Kennedy made it very
clear that he felt he had been given very
bad advice by the CIA and the Join Chiefs
of Staff, and. that his error was in' um),-r-
writing their error. They in turn have let
it be known that they, of course, were right,
and that the crucial. error was President
Kennedy's, because he watered down their
plans.
Lyndon Johnson Is another President who
is not on the record with many acknowledge-
ments of fallibility. He did say at a press
conference in February, "From time to time
we will make mistakes," and then just last
month he said, "We try not to think our-
selves in possession of all truths ..." At first
glance these are appealingly humble state-
ments, but then you begin to wonder, a little
about that "we." It's somewhat ambiguous,
perhaps a trifle imperial. Or maybe it's merely
the "editorial we."
Coming to the editorial, I would have to
say that journalists have never been; notori-
ously eager to acknowledge their mistakes.
Many, indeed, have perfected a smooth, ef-
fortless way of taking it new position without
ever noting that they once held quite the
opposite view.
I do know one editor, however, who devel-
oped a remarkable facility in confessing
error, and he used this to play upon the
sympathies of his staff; they felt so sorry for
a man who could make so many 'I takes
that they would do almost anything Tor him.
Indeed one 'of his colleagues once accused
him of practicing "wrongrnanship." This is
really very rare.
A few- weeks ago in New York I attended
a ceremony where some of the most presti-
gious prizes In journalism were being dis-
tributed. One of the recipients made a grace-
ful little speech saying, among other' things,
that reporters in specialized technical fields
do from time to time make mistakes. But I
thought the particular language chosen by
the reporter for this confession was; reveal-
ing, and so I wrote it down. "No reporter in
these fields has totally escaped from being
had in some particularly difficult and': humil-
iating way." Being had-here you will note
that the main burden of error rests not so
much on the reporter as on the pebpie he
was unlucky enough to listen to. Perhaps
a little like the President and the Bay of
Pigs.
Maybe journalists and politicians are hope-
less cases, though I prefer to think not. But
surely everyone would agree that the people
who should be first and frankest in; admit-
ting error would be the academic i~ .tellec-
tuals with their totally disinterested dedica-
tion tofree Inquiry and the pursuit of the
truth. If the academy is indeed faithful to
the rigorous standards it professes, one might
expect to see it lead the way when there are
errors to be acknowledged. But the recent
record is not reassuring.
It may seem hard to remember now, but
only two years ago much of the intellectual
f of indignation against Lyndon John-
son's rvention In the Dominican Repub-
lic. There' sere protest meetings, angry let-
ters to the eh:itor, paid ads in the papers with
hundreds of professors' names in fine print,
and so on. A much, louder protest, as! a mat-
ter of fact, than the President's Viet Nam
policy had then begun `to draw.
Well, you don't hear much about the
Dominican Republic any more. It has not
turned Into a land of milk and honey, or a
nice clean Anglo-Saxon model democracy,
and like almost any one of the 131 countries
in the world with the exception of the dozen
or so richest and most stable, the Dominican
Republic could have a revolution tomorrow.
But in the meantime, by any reasonable
standards for its part of the world, it is get-
ting along pretty well., There is no evidence
that President Johnson's intervention did
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June 29, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
fragility greatly increased, crepitation con-
siderably reduced.
The undersigned doctors draw the follow-
ing logical conclusions from their findings:
I. None of the victims examined, whether
survivors or corpses exhumed from the com-
mon grave, showed any traumatic lesions.
IT. The statements made by witnesses who
escaped from the raid unharmed, in respect
of the circumstances in which 75 inhabitants
were killed, are consistent with the Interna-
tional Committee of the Red Cross medical
mission's own findings by examination of the
four survivors and the corpse exhumed from
one of the common graves.
III. The cause of death in the case of the
corpse examined was pulmonary edema. The
over-all consistency of the ICRC medical
mission's findings shows that in all prob-
ability this pulmonary edema was caused by
inhalation of toxic gas.
RAYMOND JANIN,
1?JRC Doctor-Delegate.
WILLY BRUTSCHIN,
ICRC Doctor-Delegate.
Signed at town Najran, May 18, 1967.
Here is the forensic medical report by the
University of Bern Institute of Forensic
Medicine:
DEAR SIRs-
In accordance with your instructions of
May 21, 1967, we have duly examined the re-
port drawn up by two doctors of the Inter-
national Committee of the Red Cross on
observations made by them after the bomb-
ing of a village in the Yemen. Their investi-
gations can he summarized in the following
manner.
1. Information collected from the survi-
vors in that village regarding the death of 75
persons.
2. Medical examination of four survivors.
3. Examination of a corpse four days after
death and 12 hours after burial.
The phenomena observed are the effects of
skin irritation, conjunctivitis and of mucus
in the respl$atory tract and lungs. General
edema had been noted, especially facial and
also haemorrhagic pulmonary edema. On au-
topsy, red hepitization and a liquod of red-
dish scrapings were observed in the lungs.
The observations collected are gradually
diversified and unspecific, but form a defi-
nite entity as a whole.
We know of no epidemical disease present-
ing a similar symptomatoldgy or clinical de-
velopment. The conclusion, according to
*hich the death of the deceased persons as
a result of bombing is ascribed to a toxic
gas, seems to us to be perfectly J~ustifled. This
conclusion is supported by the total absence
of traumatic lesions caused by the effects of
pressure-explosion.
Amongst the various poison gases which
can produce the effects observed, phosphonic
esters-nervine gas-would not, in our opin-
ion, be involved, In view of the local irrita-
tions observed. Their effects would, moreover,
have been characterized by copious saliva-
tion, myositis and muscular cramp.
On the other hand, the employment of
halogenous derivatives-phosgene, mustard
gas, lewisite, chloride or ; .cyanogen: 'bromide,
or Clark I and IT, etc.-would appear to us
the most likely. However, neither bromide
nor cyanogen chloride causes an edemic irri-
tation of the skin. This also applies to phos-
gene.
As against this, all the symptoms observed
are explainable by the hypothesis of the use
of mustard gas, lewisite or similar substances.
The odor resembling garlis, smelled on open-
ing the common grave, would Indicate the
employment rather of mustard gas. These
toxic substances are pulverized when the
bomb explodes in the form of aerosol.
Yours sincerely,
Prof. D. E. LAUPPI,
Director of the Institute.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DURWARD G. HALL
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 29, 1967
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, herewith is
an editorial from the perceptive and
sharp pen of Mr. Bob Lowry, publisher
of the Aurora Advertiser, June 24, 1967
in Aurora, Mo. It deals in all expertise
with the Midwestern heartfelt apprecia-
tion of fellow citizens in Glassboro, N.J.,
and their attitude during the recent so-
called summit meetings. The importance
is not in the meetings which perhaps
came to naught, but in the attitude of
the American people. This is representa-
tive of the true outlook of over 95 per-
cent of our informed and prudent public
which recognize a real contribution with
"service above self," by one community
to the Nation.
We join in the salute to Glassboro.
HAIL GLASSBORO STATE
Raise a glass to the new star in the educa-
tional firmament! Hail Glassboro State!
When the little town of Glassboro, N.J.
was named as the meeting place of Russia's
Prime Minister Alexi Kosygin and America's
President Lyndon Johnson and the campus
of the college as the actual site, the students
of Glassboro State, as students these days do
when something unusual is about to take
place, prepared placards for a demonstration.
Glassboro, it was determined, was not about
to be tested and found wanting.
But these were different placards. They
read "Glassboro State College Loves America"
and "GSC Loves USA", and when the tele-
vision cameras of the world focused upon
the little campus for the very first time there
they were, unprofessionally lettered, to be
sure, but clear, distinct and readable.
What a wonderful thing it was for old-
fashioned Americans fed up to the gills with
the slander, untruths and treason upon the
placards carried by students at Berkeley
and those of other institutions who ape it to
see on TV! Think of it, a college whose stu-
dents actually love the land of their birth
and are wise enough to recognize the only
chance the student body of Glassboro State
is ever likely to have to send that message
to the rest of the country! Maybe, just may-
be, there is still good in higher education
worth the tremendous burden it is upon tax-
payers and parents. If so, Glassboro State
seems to possess it in great measure.
-Yes, we for one, have a soft-spot in our
heart for Glassboro State, a college we didn't
know existed before this week. And we think
-the same thing must be true In many, many
hearts across this land of ours which Glass-
boro and a Lot of others still love.
We do not know whether Glassboro State
has a football team or not. We suppose it
does.- We know that we can be counted
among the rooters for Glassboro this fall,
and we will be reading down toward the
bottom of the game lists come September
Sunday mornings to see how one of our
favorite schools came out. -
We think the rest of the country and the
world owe an expression of appreciation not
only to Glassboro State, but to the people of
that small town which found itself so sud-
denly smack in the center of the world's spot-
light. Glassboro came through with flying
colors, In a hurry, without much time to get
ready.
Out came flags, up went banners welcom-
Ing the representatives of two great powers.
A 3363
And as they arrived, the people of Glassboro
cheered and waved their hands, engulfing
the two statesmen in an atmosphere so
friendly, so free from hate, it was bound to -
have an effect upon-the meeting which fol-
lowed, for good-will, like hate, is infectious.
Who knows just how much has been con-
tributed to history by the people of Glass-
boro? After all, it seemed pretty clear that
neither Premier Kosygin or President John-
son was particularly anxious for a meeting
they expected could bear little, if any, fruit
and which would be, it seemed, merely a
formality.
If Glassboro's outpouring of hope and
friendliness created an atmosphere which
helped make what was to be merely an
empty gesture a real discussion of the prob-
lems of the world which set the stage for a
second one which we may now hope will be
fruitful, then Glassboro may well have made
the most important contribution to world
peace by any small town this century.
Over and beyond international considera-
tions, however, Glassboro, we believe, has
also made another contribution. Its per-
formance on the nation's TV screens has re-
minded us that there are really two Americas.
It has demonstrated by its hospitality,
friendliness, good manners and tolerance
that behind the ill-will, turmoil, violence
and intolerance so often pictured in the
cities and on the famous campuses of the
land there is hidden the real America, the
America which in an amazingly short time
has built itself from a handful of wilderness
outposts into a land which is the wonder of
the world., And it is that America which
stands fore-square for the truths upon which
this nation was founded and in which it has
always persisted when the chips are really
down.
And for showing this on the behalf of all
of us, to Glassboro we say "well done."
Dodd Case: The End or Just the
Beginning?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF -
HON. JOHN R. RARICK
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 29, 1967
Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the editor
of the Baton Rouge Morning Advocate
feels that the Dodd and Powell excur-
sions should not now end but continue
into the realm of Earl Warren's dona-
tions and gifts.
It would be interesting, wouldn't it?
But Drew Pearson will not get into Mr.
Warren's finances and staff because they
have been known to be fellow junketeers.
Mr. Speaker, I insert the editorial from
the Baton Rouge, La., Morning Advocate
of June 25, 1967, at this point in the
RECORD:
SOME ADDITIONAL SOUL SEARCHING
What with all the soul searching as re-
lated to the financial affairs of Sen. Tom
Dodd and the sordid tale of Adam Clayton
Powell, maybe some further excursions in
such self-examination are in order in the
field of fiscal morality.
Purely public funds are Involved in the
matter in mind, not gifts or contributions
from private sources.
Chief Justice Earl Warren and Mrs. War-
ren drew $948 from the State Department
recently for a 13-day trek to Peru, Colombia
and Bolivia in the roles of "United States
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 28, 1967
specialists," whatever that expression may
mean. Mrs. Warren was rated as a "welfare
service volunteer," which entitled her to
Mr. Justice Warren, who is paid $40,000
a year for some highly original interpreta-
tions of what the Constitution says, perhaps
ought to have a few fringe benefits-such
as this trip. He has made ample contribu-
tion to this kind of thinking, this kind
that prevails among the Wizards of Wash-
ington.
Then there was Ralph McGill, the Atlanta
publisher-editor who has recognition in
many quarters as a pundit of distinction.
He was a "United States specialist" who drew
$5,918 for "lectures on journalism" in Ghana,
Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and South Africa.
There also were the coach and two track
stars from Tennessee, who participated in
track "clinics" and demonstrated the Ameri-
can skills of running around a track and
jumping over little, wooden fences in Kenya,
Malawi and Ethiopia. Their take was a total
Whether these and similar enterprises are
worth what they cost the taxpayer is judged
best by that same taxpayer.
Congressman Shriver Announces 1967
Kansas Fourth District Opinion Poll
Results
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER
OF KANSAS
IN THE HQUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 29, 1967
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, it has
been my practice since coming to Con-
gress to send to my constituents in the
Fourth Congressional District of Kansas
a questionnaire on important issues fac-
ii i:gthe Nation on the foreign and domes-
t: t; fronts.
This year my 1967 opinion poll was
snt to approximately 100,000 households
in the 'seven counties of the Kansas
Fourth District. This was done with the
assistaice of interested volunteers
t troughout the district who aided me in
addressing envelopes from telephone di-
rectories. I am pleased to report that ap-
proximately 18,100 questionnaires have
been returned and tabulations on these
are complete. This is an excellent re-
sponse. It represents the keeh interest
and concern which citizens of my district
have regarding Government and legisla-
tive matters facing the Congress.
For the first time this year" husbands
and wives in the household had an op-
portunity to express their individual
views on the issues. I was pleased to re-
ceive additional Comments and personal
opinions on many of the questions from
my constituents.
Mr. Speaker, I am again placing the
tabulations which have been! made on
the questionnaire in the RECORD in order
that Members of Congress and the Pres-
ident may be apprised of the opinions of
citizens in the Kansas Fourth Congres-
sional District on the issues included in
the poll. Under the leave extended, I also
include a few of the comments which
accompanied the ballots.
Tabulation of 1967 opinion poll in 4th. Congressional District of Kansas
1. Do you favor combining the Departments of Commerce and tabor into a si$gle Department of Business and Labor?
Yes---- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N o -
No opinion---- -- -- - --- - ------ ------------------------ --- -
2. Do you favor increasing social security benefits providing it does rot require, an increase in the social security payroll tax?
Yes--------------------------------------------------- --t- ------------------------------------------------------- I --------------_----
N0 -------------------------------------------------------------- I --- ------ --- ------- -------------- ------------------ _----------------
He opinion----------------------------------------- --------------- ----- ---- ----------------------------^-- ...... ------------------
3. Do you favor an increase in social security benefits which would squire an inrease in the social security payroll tax?
Yes-------------------------------------------------- - -- ---
No---- - -------------------
No opinion ---- ------ -
4. The present draft law expires June 30, 1967. Do you feel that the selective service law as it now operates is fair to all citizens?
Yes------------------ ------- -- -- ---
No---- ----- - -- -- -- ---
No opinion -- -- - ---------- ---------- - ---- -------- -------- ..------ ----- ------ - ---
5. Would you favor Federal legislation to regulate the sale of firearr is?
Yes -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
No --- --- -- - -------------------------------------- -------- _.
N opinion----- - -- --- - -- --- ---?
6. The administration has pledged to follow "a sensible course of if eat and budgetary policy,' To achieve such objectives, do you favor;
a. A 6 percent surcharge on individual and corporate income taxes as requested k President?
Yes-,----------- ----------- -- ? --- ----------------------------------------
N o------- -- ---- ---- - -- - -- -------------------- a-
No opinion , --- ------------------------------------------------
b. Postponing and/or reducing certain domestic spending fin grams until the Vietnam war r3 ended?
Yes----- - - --- - ------?--- -
No-------- - ----- - -? ----- -
singw ion _ _
c. Im - --- --- ----------------------------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------
sing wage and price-con trolsi
Yes p o
-- --'
No opinion------ ---- - - -----? ? --- --- - ?- ---- -- --- ---------
7. Do you favor expansion of East-West trade between the United States and the Soviet Union and other ComAi ist countries in Eastern Europe?
Yes- ------ ------ - - --
No ---------- - ---
No opinion ------ - ---- -- -- -- ---kc -------
8. Do you favor limiting foreign imports of certain agricultural prodicts such as meat and dairy products?
.IV ??
Yes_. -------------------------------------------- -----------------------_--
N? -?-- -------------- ----- ---- ---- -----
No opinion ------- -- - -- ---- -
9, Would you favor lowering the voting age from 21 to 18?
Yes----------------------------- ----------- - ??
---------------------------------------------
N? --------------- - ---- -----------
No opinion--------- ---- -- - - --- ------- ---- ----------------------------- ----------------- ----- ?-----------------------------------
10. Do you favor enactment of Federal legislation prohibiting restrict ons on the sale or rental of housing on the basis of race, color, or creed?
Yes_
No_
No opinion --------------------------------------- ---------------------- ------
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