'VICTORY' WITHOUT PEACE?

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300009-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 11, 2004
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: June 23, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

A3230 Approved F ~ S /qf/ C t D2?QfikOMf?00020030000,%24'~te 23, 1967
tic spending. Economy in government forces of Egypt, Syria and Jordan. But will necessary to send supplies and in other ways
represents instead what our Nation can this turn out to be a "victory" without support the Israelis.
afford during this period of international peace? If so, it will be due almost entirely Israel can afford to be patient and even
to the mistaken policy of the Soviet Gov- magnanimous. It can join with neighboring
crisis. This Congress is capable of making ernment in encouraging the Arab countries countries in programs of rehabilitation and
these hard decisions in the traditional to adopt an uncompromising position toward relief, especially for the refugees who have
manner-through the authorization and the issues that must be realistically met if, been driven from their homes by past friction
appropriations processes. there is to be peace in the Middle East. and the latest war.
Since 1950, our public debt has grown The new adversary that Israel faces is the As for the United Nations, it is faced with
by 28.4 percent. In the same period, per- Soviet Government. In insisting on a resolu- a severe test. The outcome can well mean
sonal debt grew by 448 percent, State tion in the United Nations Security Council either the disintegration of that body or
for a "cease-fire," did not Moscow know full its attainment of a truly influential role In
and local government debt by 348 per- well that, while this would stop the fight- world affairs.
cent, and corporate debt by 219 per- ingiit might not bring a settlement of the everywhere want peace between
cent. In terms of percentage of our Na- basic controversies which caused the war peoples and Israel, and they hope and expect
tion's ability to produce, the national itself? Do the Soviets want an unsettled Egypt Egypt and sr the vdtthe as Opel n sensible
debt, as a ratio of gross national prod- Middle East for the same reason they have moderation by t the v t rsated. well
There can be
uct, has declined from 133 percent at helped to prolong the war in Vietnam-to rement by
make trouble for the United States? peace only when the major powers use wisely the end of World War II to 45 percent By severing diplomatic relations with Is- their skills of mediation and join together
today. These figures offer the basis for rael and compelling Communist-bloc coun- in a reasonable compromise that will enable
a realistic appraisal of the national debt tries in Eastern Europe to do the same, the the peoples of the Middle East hereafter to
burden today. Soviets have lined up a formidable group to live amicably with their neighbors.
Mr. Chairman, I would like to make prevent any settlement except on terms fav-
or final comment before concluding my orable to the losers on the battlefield.
remarks. The sequence of temporary The game of the Soviet Government ap-
debt limits, as provided in current law, parently is to perpetuate in the Middle East Schlitz Works for a Beautiful America
the hold that it had vainly hoped would be
has served to set the debt limit in re- strengthened by the $2 billions of armament
sponse to the budget, a case of the tail supplied to Egypt. Defeat of the Arab armies, EXTENSION OF REMARKS
wagging the dog. The correct order-the however, doesn't seem to have shaken the of
order consistent with true fiscal reaPon- confidence of the Soviets that they can still HON. HENRY S. REUSS
sibility-is to establish a permanent debt gain their ends by progaganda maneuvers
limit which will, in fact, be considered and by intensifying the antagonism of the OF WISCONSIN
when the budget is prepared. This is Arabs toward the people of Israel. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
The fundamentals of a peace settlement
what the committee's bill, H.R. 10867, are not difficult to outline. Passage to the Monday, June 5, 1967
does. It asserts our congressional prerog- seas by way of the Suez Canal and the Gulf
atives for real fiscal discipline. of Aqaba must not be left to the whim of Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the Joseph
The American people are prepared to a dictator in Cairo or elsewhere who can open Schlitz Brewing Co., of Milwaukee,
tighten their belts in this critical period or close these waterways at will. There must is showing commendable initiative in
of our Nation's history. But they are be an international agreement and a readi- keeping our country beautiful.
tiring of the cant and rhetoric which ness to set up a United Nations peacekeep- In the thought that it will be of in-
have surrounded these repetitious and ing force to resist any move toward the re- terest to Members of this body, I include
establishment of such barriers to peace. As
unnecessary debates on the debt ceiling. for territorial boundaries, these can be ad-
The advocates of the recommittal motion judged to conform to the principles of self- program:
assume some sort of "gullibility gap"- determination of peoples. - "How would an empty beer can look here?"
but I caution them that the public recog- The significant fact is that Israel has won The question, posed alongside an un-
nizes publicity stunts in the name of fis- on the battlefield her right to independence. sullied wooded lakeshore scene, is not exact-
cal responsibility. This nation should long ago have been rec- ly the one you'd expect a brewing firm to
We cannot afford to risk the "chaos" ognized as a state by the surrounding peo- bring up in a national advertisement. But
which our distinguished chairman has pies. Acceptance on all sides is now even that's the candid anti-litter approach the
more essential to an era of peace. Jos. Schlitz Brewing Company is taking in
outlined for the sake of pointless opposi- Also, some formula of international super- an ad addressed to the millions of Americans
tion, or phony fiscal arguments. vision should be devised to assure Israel's who will take to the great outdoors this
I recommend H.R. 10867, as adopted continued possession and control of the en- Fourth of July holiday.
by the majority of the Committee on tire city of Jesa This manse more The message Schlitz hopes to get across is:
Ways and Means, for immediate pas- sentimentally
of much of the ato the dditional territory they have "Leave that special spot of yours as beauti-
Sage. just won. ful as you found it.".
ad is scheduled for Life
ll
h
f
-page
u
e
But of what avail are constructive peace T
proposals if the Soviet Government is hostile (June 30) issue, Look (July 11) and Sports-
Peace? to them and seeks to keep the Middle East Illustrated (June 26).
"Victory" Without Peace.
in confusion? Certainly the economic sent- Robert A. Uihlein Jr., Schlitz president
EXTENSION OF REMARKS tions which have been recklessly imposed on and board chairman, said the company felt
American and British businesses by the Arab that "brewers and others who package con-
overnments can only delay the reconstruc- sumer products in disposable containers
OF
g
HUN. HARRY F, BYRD, JR. tion of the area as a useful entity in world should help convince people that. it's in
commerce. everyone's best Interest to keep our beauty
OF VIRGINIA It is true, of course, that defeated peoples spots clean.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES do not easily give up their feelings of bit- "While we have no control over the use
June 23, 1961 terness and resentment. Since this is a time or misuse of the products we make, we feel
Friday, for reconciliation, the process will not be we have a duty to campaign against the
Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, helped if spokesmen for the Soviet Union in ugliness of litter. After all, we enjoy a
I ask unanimous consent to have printed the United Nations forum continue to insist beautiful America, too," Uihlein declared.
in the Appendix of the RECORD a column on charging the United States with having The ad asks: "How would an empty beer
actually participated in the war and given can look here? Or old soda pop bottles? Or
written by David Lawrence, published in direct assistance to the Israelis. watermelon rinds? Don't answer. We all
the U.S. News & World Report, June The Soviet Government has made a griev- know....
26, 1967, entitled " `Victory' Without ous mistake in publicizing this falsehood. "It's not that people are messier today
Peace?" There is no more effective way to alienate than they used to be. It's just that today
There being no objection, the column American public opinion than to accuse the there are a lot more people. And the mess
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, United States of having started or engaged her up mighty or."
as follows: in the Middle East war. Whatever chance t ds the fa outdoors this Fourth of
there has been of developing a better under- Enjoy great
"VICTORY" WITHOVT PEACE? standing between Moscow and Washington July, the ad urges, but then-"leave that
(By David Lawrence) could be summarily wiped out if this line of special spot of yours as beautiful as you
We have heard during past wars pleas from policy is maintained by the Soviets. found it. You'll feel good about it all the
nonparticipants calling for a "peace without The Soviet Union should understand, more- way home."
victory." over, that if it interjects its power to keep The ad was created by the Leo Burnett
We have just witnessed the military tri- the Arabian countries in a state of continuous Company of Chicago, agency for the Schlitz
umph of the Israeli armies over the combined belligerency, the United States may find it brand of beer.
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Rug 23, 1966pproved For g"Xj5R 0P69
A. 3229
From Caesar to Napoleon, from Socrates to rests"; WILLIAM PENN, "Men who are not a.erncc +ha
/dihcrt.
--_--- mar=- ==ac -11vvin nvea, every man
That is not that we call being a man of saw him in a different light and has read more debt limit bills before the end of
t estiny. They are men of time, men of talent. Into him the contradictions and passions of the year. This provide , ample Oppor-
The inspired men are fewer. Whence they his own mind and soul. But to deprived tunity to publicize the so-called con-
cA.me, from whence they get their power, by people, handicapped by poverty and brutally servative view toward F.sderai spending,
what rule they get that power, we know not. ugfavorable s tSeal ~ n symbolizes but it accomplishes littl+? else.
'They arise from the shadow and vanish in the_tatttti tha Democracy is a life The alternative proposed in the re-
t:Ie mist. We see them, but we know theip.?--in which every citizen can, by his own e t; commital motion might ?atisfy the needs
nbt. Where did. Shakespeare,. get hi nius, achieve the best of which he i. ca?ahl-
------- ?~v ~_= L+,?==c u-unnce as the decisive ele- ???6", uct~a,ube vi use volaLlle
c,$me Lincoln's power to carry out his awe- ment for his success. demands for defense ex,ilenditures. The
crime mission to make America a new and sudden Middle East crisi, a fortnight ago
united nation. It was from this same Divine shows just how fast our cefense Commit-
Slurce that Lincoln derived his courage, en- u could change. judgment and mercy. men ge. TLe Treasury re-
in conclusion what can I say about Apra- Statement on the Public Debt Lim' quires an adequate deb', limit cushion
hm Lincoln that has not already been said to meet our Nation's commitments
ir: the thousands of books which have been SPEECH swiftly and surely.
written about him? of The committee's bill provides this
Only this: I am not ashamed to use the cushion. We recommend 1. a permanent
ward love to express my feelings about him. HON. AL UL AN ceiling at $358 billion- including sales
Respect is too cold, admiration too distant, of ORE Participations. We grant the Secretary
a1Qection completely inadequate to indicate some flexibility in his debt management feelin tl,e depth t of oe you jng three i the reasons IN THE HOUSE 0 EPRESENTATIVES through a $7 billion temporary author-I
migh for this extraordinary esteem and reverence Wednes June 21, 1967 ity beginning in fiscal year 1969 and by
for the man. They are: Mr. ULL N
h extending the definition of "note" f
Mr
Speaker throu
.
.
g
rom
, First: The surpassingly simple words of an error he following statement was 5 to 7 years. The Secretary and the Di-
Lincoln's Gettysburg Address have been de- omitte n the RECORD of June 21. I in- rector of the Budget estimate that this
$c.. bed by some as a masterpiece of elo- elude ? in the Appendix on this date and limit will carry us through fiscal year
gtience for which history affords no model am ssured that it will be printed with 1968, providing that Vietnam or other
"except perhaps the Scriptures." More than other material defense commitments d=1 not escalate
101 years have passed since its delivery. vet , on the public debt de-
and glory of freedom, wherever there is o - posed upon our Nation's finances by pe- of the House: v-
pr,Ission and tyranny. riodic review of the public debtlimit is, . I do not agree that v s can have guns
econd: Among the trea
f h
sures o
um ity in my opiithhil and butter I beli th
non, a worwe objective,.eveere a'e a lot of things
is :f ncoln's second inaugural address. Pro- It has been recognized as such since the we should be cutting down c a, but this great
jected the great future of our count y as a Second Liberty Bond Act became the law Nation can afford guns and bread. We have
united nation. great problems here at hom
e and we can
,-
'third: His Emancipation Procl med in- of the land 48 years ago, not kick them under the 1.1g. If we delay
au;;urated a new and important period in However, the exercise we are engaged their consideration, they aril only going to
An rican history. it was this diet that in today is more mischief than racnnn_ pile un on us.
To+tay, a century later, freedom f is still the The legislat
opr ortunity to all Americans, regardless of
raoi, color or creed. The fight for civil rights
is ';he final tribute to Lincoln's life which
has taught us that freedom and human
rights must inevitably crush bigotry and dis-
crir ination wherever it raises its ugly head.
This glorious dream is about to be realized.
Lat us therefore emphasize and proclaim
to the world Lincoln's basic philosophy, that
oura is a nation "conceived in liberty and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are
created equal."
These words of Lincoln are particularly
meaningful to people behind the Iron Cur:
taint They are easily translated into the lan-
gua;e of these suppressed millions for whom
these is one symbol of American friendship-
the name of Abraham Lincoln-to them the
Great Emancipator!
Ir today's psychological warfare (the cold
war; Lincoln is our formidable secret
weaiion against international intrigue. Lin-
coln's image is, by far, the best asset we have
in cur diplomatic pouches. His sorrows and
joys, his faith in people, his gentleness, his
stresigth and weakness-these are the ele-
menis that challenge the propaganda of our
enenlies and provide our best defense against
them.
If America is to remain a great power, it
muss return to. faith in God, as did our fore-
fathvirs. In addition to our dedicated Lincoln,
among others, there was GEORGE WASHING-
TON, Who said, "Our people know it is im-
possible to rightly govern without God and
the bible"; PATRICK HENRY. "The Bihle ia:
Every Member of this H use believes in
conomy in government- -as I do. The
mittee and then in both Houses of Con- tur
gress give ample opportunity to draw the ing,
line on
di
spen
ng for the defensd
e an non-
defense needs of the United States. But r
once the contracts are let and the sal-
aries earned, it is unconscionable to tell
he cannot pay the bills.
As I told the House 2 weeks ago;
9 days.
of the
will
ket
T
11y what will happen if
ernment-based on our great wealth not waste our resources on inefficient or
our great prosperity-is at stake to- undesirable expenditures; but we cannot
Biblii ) is the rock on which this Republic on
e interrupted the business of Con- Mr. Chairman, economy 'in govern-
:c to consider th,.
t
t
t_
-- -
s
a
u
ry li itati
executive branch. I, for one, am not
willing to surrender these congressional
prerogatives.
Let us look at our admini, trative budget
of $136 billion for fiscal .968. Already
committed is $80 billion fc r defense, $14
billion for interest on tht, public debt,
$4.9 billion for veterans' i isurance and
benefits; $4.2 billion for !public assist-
ance grants, $1.6 billion _'or the Com-
modity Credit Corporation, and $15.3
billion in payments on prior contracts
and obligations.
This leaves about $20 b: lion in rela-
tively controllable civilian expenditures.
What does this include?-~~;1.8 billion in
"food for peace"; $1.1 billio:i for the Ele-
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WHEAT ACREAGE ALLOTMENT FOR
1968 CROP
Mr. BURDICK. Mr. President, this
afternoon Secretary of Agriculture Or-
ville L. Freeman announced the wheat
acreage allotment for the 1968 crop. The
figure he arrived at was 59.3 million acres,
a reduction of 9 million acres from the
allotment in effect for this year's crop.
I would like to go on record here as
being in full accord with the Secretary
that a reduction in the allotment was in
order.
Much has been said and written lately
about the population explosion and food
shortages, and I share the concern of
those who see this as perhaps our most
difficult problem in the future.
Nevertheless, today there is reserve
agricultural production capacity in this
country. If this reserve were turned loose,
surpluses would build up once again and
the farmer would suffer from the result-
ing lower -prices.
The wheat certificate program which is
now in effect is basically a good program.
Under it we have worked off the surpluses,
expanded our sales of wheat abroad and
have increased returns to the farmer.
Secretary Freeman has projected that
the 59.3-million-acre allotment for next
year will result in a level of production
ample to meet our domestic and foreign
needs yet not so large that it would add
to the present reserve, which is now at
about the level it should be.
I congratulate Secretary Freeman for
his effective administration of the wheat
certificate program and for wisely de-
ciding that the 1968 allotment should
be reduced.. ,
The OCR also hopes to make a major con-
tribution to the use of coal by the develop-
ment of a new system for treating sewage
and organic wastes with coal. OCR and our
Water Pollution Control Administration are
working jointly on this program. If success-
ful, a large new market for coal would be
created, with beneficial effects on both our
water resources and our national economy.
This is an excellent example of today's inte-
grated approaches to matters of environ-
ment and resource use.
Other important activities of our Depart-
ment pertaining to coal include the explora-
tion and related programs of the geological
Survey in providing information on the loca-
tion, extent and quality of our coal re-
serves. This is particularly significant in the
growth of the coal industry in the West.
Also, the Survey, along with the Water Pol-
lution Control Administration and the Bu-
reau of Mines, is engaged in a cooperative
program of acid mine drainage control, one
of the toughest technical problems we face.
We continue to be deeply involved in re-
search in mine safety. Mine safety involves
not only the obvious and important humani-
tarian considerations, but also is essential
to efficiency and economic operations. Among
significant recent achievements has been the
development of a highly effective automatic
methane monitor to reduce explosions. Other
promising projects include new methods of
roof bolting, the use of liquid plastic to
stabilize fractured rock, and the develop-
ment of a system approach to mining in re-
lation to safety. Great progress has been
made in safety over the years, to which your
industry has contributed immeasurably. In-
creasing mechanization and productivity of
your industry require continuing changes in
safety equipment and procedures. Our pro-
grams of safety research and education will
be adjusted accordingly.
The Department of the Interior, as the
principal Government agency dealing with
the full range of energy problems, is deeply
concerned that there be an assured depend-
able supply for energy from diverse resources
at lowest cost consistent with other national
objectives. Let me state, broadly, some of the
other major objectives for energy, as we see
them:
To preserve the quality of the environ-
ment-air, water and land- while obtaining
the needed energy resources.
To conserve the Nation's fuel, geothermal
and hydropower potential resources by using
them wisely and efficiently.
To maintain sufficient reserves for national
security.
To maintain safe and healthy working con-
ditions during extraction and processing of
fuel resources.
To provide a climate for industry to pro-
duce efficiently under competitive conditions
the fuels required for the domestic economy
and foreign trade.
Within these broad energy objectives there
Is room for coal to grow. Without question,
your industry is on the go. Notwithstanding
the complex problems you face, the outlook
for coal is brighter now than at any time in
recent history. How fast and how far you go
towards attaining production of 800 million
tons per year by 1980 will depend largely on
the effectiveness with which all of us meet
the challenges of competitive energy sources
and environmental problems.
As a Nation, we have been blessed with an
abundance of coal reserves-by far the larg-
est of our fossil fuels-dispersed throughout
most of the country. Your industry has a
remarkable record of achievements. You
have demonstrated progressive foresight,
technical competence and managerial abil-
ity. You have the support of industries with
which you have close operational and eco-
nomic affinity, I think, on this 50th anniver-
sary of your Association, you can look for-
ward to the fulfillment of coal's great prom-
ise with utmost confidence!
KOSYGIN'S PROPAGANDA VERSUS
PRESIDENT'S PROGRAM FOR PEACE
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi-
dent, regarding the appearance of Rus-
sian Premier Kosygin at the United Na-
tions earlier this week, I wish to call the
attention of my colleagues to an excel-
lent editorial which appeared in the June
20 edition of the Huntington, W. Va.,
Advertiser.
In part the editorial states that Kosy-
gin's speech charging the united States
with aggression in Vietnam as well as
the responsibility for the Middle East
conflict was a brazen propaganda effort
to gloss over the bloody hands of Com-
munist pirates committed to a policy of
world conquest and to discredit the only
nation strong enough to thwart their
aims.
Now that Kosygin's fingers are burned,
he is trying to use the General Assembly
of the United Nations to pull his chest-
nuts out of the fire.
The General Assembly can strengthen
its own prestige as well as encourage
lasting peace in the Middle East by sup-
porting the sound American program.
I commend the editor of the Advertiser
for so clearly and candidly outlining the
true reality of Soviet ambitions in the
Middle East. -
There is no question in my mind that
Premier Kosygin's United Nations ap-
pearance was simply calculated to draw
attention from the dreadful failure of
the Soviet's foreign policy in the Middle
East.
I think we can assure Premier Kosygin
that he has fooled no one but himself.
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial be printed in the RECORD at this
point.
There being no objection, the editor-
ial was ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
KOSYGIN OFFERS PROPAGANDA-JOHNSON,
PROGRAM FOR PEACE
Soviet Premier Alexei N. Kosygin's charge
before the U.N. General Assembly that the
United States was to blame for the Middle
East war was as absurd as Arab claims that
our planes had attacked them.
His speech charging the United States
with aggression in Vietnam as well as with
responsibility for the Middle East conflict
was a brazen propaganda effort to gloss over
the bloody hands of Communist pirates
committed to a policy of world conquest and
to discredit the only nation strong enough to
thwart their aims.
The string of lies fully supported predic-
tions that the purpose of the Soviets in call-
ing for the emergency meeting was to spread
their own poison propaganda rather than to
bring peace and justice to the tortured
Middle East.
His attempt to blame Israel for the con-
flict with the Arabs was no more convincing
than his attack upon the United States. He
had supplied Egypt's Gamal Abder Nasser
and his Arab allies with mountains of tanks,
planes, guns and munitions for threats
against Israel.
His government had supported Nasser in
his warlike action of barring Israeli ships
from the Gulf of Aqaba. His representatives
in the United Nations had stalled and ob-
structed when the United States tried to ob-
tain action to avoid an explosion.
He did not show his concern until the
overwhelmingly larger force of Arabs that he
had armed began taking a historic thump-
ing from little Israel.
The crushing defeat of Nasser.and his al-
lies humilitated the Soviet Union, Premier
Kosygin and his fellow hoodlums as well as
the Arabs.
Now that Kosygin's fingers are burned, he
is trying to use the General Assembly of the
United Nations to pull his chestnuts out of
the fire.
In contrast to his transparent propaganda
tirade, President Johnson presented a real-
istic picture of world problems and offered
sensible means of solving them during his
address Monday morning to the National
Foreign Policy Conference for Educators.
Besides reviewing American efforts for
peace and progress in the Latin states, Eu-
rope, Asia and Africa, he presented a specific
five-point program for solving the difficul-
ties of the Middle East.
The program included:
1. Every nation has a fundamental right
to life and to the respect of its neighbors.
2. All nations of the area must attack the
problem of according justice to the Palestine
refugees.
3. The right of free maritime passage
through international waterways must be
assured all nations.
4. The large nations of the world as well
as the small powers of the area must limit
the wasteful and destructive arms race.
5. Political independence and territorial
integrity must be granted all nations of the
area.
These principles recognize the rights and
the just claims of those on both sides of the
prolonged conflict. Only by giving proper at-
tention to them will old animosities be re-
moved and a lasting peace assured.
Instead of trying to use the General As-
sembly to impose demands upon either side,
as Kosygin did in his attack on Israel, Presi-
dent Johnson declared the parties to the
conflict should themselves work out the just
terms of peace.
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June 23, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RE R
preijections are evidence that the coal indus-
try-both management and labor-has some
imaginative, forward looking thinkers.
,tithough the outlook for coal is generally
favorable, your industry is confronted with
challenges that will put to the test your in-
genuity and technology. You are well aware
of 'these challenges. Foremost among them
ara the accelerating growth of nuclear power
generation and the compelling environmen-
tal problems of air pollution, stream con-
ta:nination and land surface destruction.
Ycu have your work cut out for you.
dVith coal no longer powering the Nation's
railways, the generation of electricity is Its
chief market. But nuclear power has estab-
lished a foothold in one of coal's major
market areas-the TVA region-and nuclear
is obtaining an unexpectedly rapid increase
in commitments for new electric generating
wEE nuclear and I have- seen estimates t at
it will reach 75' percent this year. for
uranium supply, the AEC estimates th t re-
serves are double the highest estima es for
nt clear fuel requirements by 1980, b which
time breeder reactors are expected t be de-
some
veloped, and that while there may e
coat increases they will not be Brea enough
to upset the present competitive po ition of
of our total generation of electric power and
can stilldouble its sales for power produc-
tion by 1980. But to do so it will have to be-
come increasingly cost competitive with nu-
cloar, and more importantly, solve the prob-
leins of air pollution.
Transcending all other problems for coal
In the eyes of the public is air pollution. The
American public has become aroused over
the dangers of air pollution. This is a good
thing. But it has special meaning for the
coal industry. Let me give you just one ex-
arlple. In New York City there exists a very
active Citizens-for-Clean-Air organization.
Jt.st the other day I saw a newspaper clip-
ping quoting its chairman as follows: "It's a
joke in the nuclear age . to go on build-
ing coal-burning powerplants." This quote
to me dramatizes one of the big problem
It serves no good purpose to point o that
air pollution is caused by many man's
activities that have no relations P to coal.
The fact that only about 1/3 of ontaminants
in the atmosphere result f m generation
of' heat and power by fue combustion is
beside the point. The poin is that coal is
a significant contributor o air pollution,
particularly in areas of eavy industrial
ccncentration and large pop ion centers,
and the public demands that air po u 611
This may mean increased costs for new
processes and equipment to reduce air pol-
lt.tion from the burning of coal. If we fail
tc develop the new processes or equipment,
it will mean lost markets. The Department
oi'the Interior's coal experts advise me that
if air pollution regulations with respect- to
SO, levels at Federal installations in New
YSrk, Philadelphia and Chicago are ex-
tended to all plants in those three cities-
just those three cities-and if we do not
clean up the coal combustion process, be-
tween 1966 and 1980 you will sell some 100
iv illion tons less of coal. -
Just as Americans are aware of the un-
pleasantness and unhealthfulness of air pol-
lution, we must recognize that costs of a
c..eaner atmosphere will have to be absorbed
by producers, users, and the ultimate bene-
fliciaries-the public. All must share the
burden.
It is gratifying to know that independently
and in cooperation with others, including the
government and the electric power utilities,
your industry has taken steps toward reduc-
ing air pollution from coal. Are you doing
all- that you can? Only you can answer that
question.
In the Department of the Interior we, too,
ask ourselves: "Are we doing all we can?"
Our frank answer has to be "no." ,13ut we
aren't relaxing; we are looking heliheans
He said:
"Sulfu
sting our National Heritage.
are dealing with matters of enormous im-
portance to every section of the nation and
to many economic interests. America's tech-
nology and natural resources development
are intimately involved in any program that
affects fuels and their uses. Great invest-
ments have been made on given assumptions
about these fuels and uses.
"These considerations require that we ap-
proach the pollution problem with respect
for its complexity and its economic implica-
tions.
ity."
An exciting prospect in the air pollution
field, we believe, is a project Interior has
undertaken with welcome help from the
PublicHealth Service to perfect an alkalized
alumina process for the removal of sulfur
dioxide from residues of fossil fuel combus-
tion. This process appears to thrive on sul-
fur-rich fuels--the more sulfur in the fuel,
the more we can remove and sell to balanc..
the costs with the benefits. We woul ice
to move our process along mor pldly-
the times demand quic on-and we
think we can dot , possibly quite soon.
Not only arm a exploring the economic
reclamat of sulfur, sulfuric acid and
oche ommercial useful products from the
are studying methods for increasing efficien-
cies in combustion. The gains would be two-
fold: cleaner air and more efficient use of
our natural resources. This is conservation
with a capital "C."
There may be little need to remind you
that land and water despoliation have be -
come serious problems for all extractive in-
dustries. The President has called for a na-
tional crusade to restore and protect the
quality of our environment.-Other nationa-l,
Ync...state?'leaders as well as business and
citizen groups have warned that in our
search for clean water and usable space
America can no longer afford practices that
harm such resources.
At this point I want to commend those
responsible producers of your industry who
voluntarily have instituted effective pro-
grams of land restoration and acid drainage
prevention in advance of regulations. The
Mined-land Conservation Conference, an
S 8795
future, large sums will be required for re-
search and development in all phases of pro-
duction, distribution and u I:ilization of coal,
including programs of en dronmental im-
provement and protection. Government will
help where it can and shou. d. The goal must
be maximum public benefit .A minimum cost.
Because coal contains a=.% almost infinite
number of chemical constit'aents, I have the
feeling that one day, under the quickening
pace of technological research, its role as a
chemical resource will be spplied to count-
less purposes-from fabrice to sophisticated
fuels for the space age-ar.ci that its values
for such uses may approac a and exceed its
value for conventional uses as we know them
today. Already the potentia. $ for coal are be-
ing explored for such. a wide range of uses
as proteins in our food, th manufacture of
carbon black, and the production of gasoline.
Recently Secretary Udall ;iedicated at Cre-
sap, West Virginia, our 0 rice of Coal Re-
search's pilot plant aimed _it the conversion
of coal to competitive-prieid gasoline. It is
our first pilot plant. The decision to move to
pilot plant stage came onl~ after successful
benchwork and process development, and
after very careful independent analysis. The
plant is now in the "shako-down" phase of
operation, and the entire plant will be on
stream within the next fe~-r months. Secre-
tary Udall expressed the hc!ie that this pilot
plant will provide the data heeded for deisgn
1980, it will
million tons
as 10 percent of the market by
account for approximately 100
n public will ar proximate $2 bil-
processes for synthetic pipetne gas from coal.
These processes include hyelro-gasification in
which the American Gas Association is par-
ticipating; the gasification .,f lignite; and the
two-stage, high-pressure gaAfler at your own
BCR lab.
When the production or high B.t.u. gas
from. coal becomes economically feasible as
a supplement to natural ga , it seems reason-
able that costs to consumers, will be less than
if natural gas were the onll source of supply.
Here again, if only 10 percent of the market
in 1980 were to be supplied by gas from coal,
it would provide markets for another 100
million tons per year of coa.
The successful conversion of coal to both
liquid and gaseous fuels nec only will benefit
consumers and your industry, but it will
add importantly to our nation's security
the point.
OCR program cc ieduled for opera-
affiliate of your Association, has actively pro- , Bess for increasing the of - acy and lowering
moted educational programs on land con the costs of fly-ash remove I.. This is the kind
'
servation.
To alleviate the problems of landand
water despoilation, the Bureau of Ines and
other Interior agencies are wpr ng to de-
velop a variety of land and water pollution
prevention and control methods. We are put-
ting the finishing touches' on the nationwide
study of strip and surface mining authorized
by the Appalachian Regional Development
Act. Our recommendations coming out of
this study have gone to the Executive Office
of the President.
If coal is to realize its potential in the
r,e coming to ex-
of double-play action we
pect from Walter Hibbird and George
Fumich.
Development of a comn,ercial market for
these waste materials shoe d induce electric
generating plants to instill equipment in
their plants for more efficf,:nt fly-ash collec-
tion. Our people estimate that the use of
fly-ash for bricks could re,ult in by-product
credits that would reduce power plant - fuel
costs by two cents per m Ilion B.t.u.'s,- and
thus help coal remain coni.petitive with-nu-
clear. -
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June 23, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL REC - S8797,
Once they have done that, he declared,
"they can count with confidence upon the
frigndship and the help of the people of the
United States,
"In a climate of peace, we'will do our full
share to help with a solution for the refu-
gees. We will do our share in support of re-
gional cooperation. We will do our share,
and more, to see that the peaceful promise
of nuclear energy is applied to the critical
problem of desalting water."
The contrast between the two addresses
mirrored the differences between the peoples
of the Soviet Union and the United States
and between the objectives of their govern-
ments.
Kosygin spread propaganda for Commu-
nist expansion. President Johnson charted a
conscientious course for peace and human
progress.
The General Assembly can strengthen its
own prestige as well as encourage lasting
peace in the Middle East by supporting the
sound American program.
MEMORIAL IN SUPPORT OF DEEPER
AND WIDER SHIP CHANNELS IN
COLUMBIA AND WILLAMETTE
RIVERS, OREG.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent, on behalf of my col-
league, Senator HATFIELD, and myself,
that Enrolled House Joint Memorial 5,
adopted by the House of Representatives
and the Senate of the Legislative As-
sembly of Oregon, in support of the
deepening and widening of the ship
channels in the Columbia and Willamette
Rivers, Oreg., be included in the RECORD
at this point in my remarks.
There being no objection, the me-
morial was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
HOUSE JOINT MEMORIAL 5
(Sponsored by Representatives Bennett,
Bradley.)
To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of
America, in Congress Assembled:
We, your memorialists, the Fifty-fourth
Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon,
in legislative session assembled, most re-
spectfully represent as follows:
Whereas the Columbia and Willamette
Rivers are the major waterways in the North-
west open to seagoing commerce; and
Whereas there is a complex of facilities
now under construction, known as the River-
gate Project, and possibly others, that will
greatly increase demands made upon these
rivers as avenues for marine transportation;
and
Whereas seagoing vessels are being built
much larger, with consequently greater de-
mand for deeper and wider channels; and
Whereas the present channel depth of the
Columbia and Willamette Rivers does not ac-
commodate these largest vessels of today;
now, therefore,
Be It Resolved by the Legislative Assembly
of the State of Oregon:
(1) The Congress of the United States is
memoralized expeditiously to provide for the
deepening and widening of the ship chan-
nels in the Columbia and Willamette Rivers
to such extent as will accommodate larger
AUTO WORKERS' STATEMENT ON have been injured and many more have been
MIDDLE EAST up-rooted from their homes and swell the
already large numbers of displaced refugees.
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, Mr. It is of the highest priority that the United
Walter Reuth9r, of the United Auto Nations, through its appropriate agency and
Workers, has presented me with a copy backed by full support of the UN members,
of a statement adopted unanimously by move with all speed and compassion to pro-
that international union's executive vide adequate emergency care for the injured
and aid the homeless. In addition, the UN
board, dealing with the situation in the should call upon Israel and each of her Arab
Middle East, at its meeting in Toronto on neighbors to enter into direct negotiations in
Junb 16. an effort to settle not only the basic issues
Because this is a thoughtful assess- in conflict but also to find a just, equitable
ment of the needs for a peace settlement and compassionate resettlement of the
with durability, recognizing the realities thousands of refugees.
of the severe problems before us as a re- "There can be no basis for peace between
Israel and the Arab nations without a firm
sult of the Arab-Israel explosion, and and open acceptance by all of the right of
properly advocating the fullest use Of each nation and its people to exist. Basic to
United Nations resources, I ask unani- this fundamental and elemental principle
mous consent that the text of the text of is the right of each nation to free and in-
this expression of concern by the UAW nocent access to and passage through inter-
may appear in the CONGRESSIONAL national waterways essential to world com-
RECORD, merce and national survival. This specifically
There being no objection, the state- includes access and passage through the
suet Canal and the Gulf of Aqaba.
ment was ordered to be printed in the "The be right of a a people not t to be strangu-
RECORD, as follows: lated is not a negotiable matter. It must be
UAW EXECUTIVE BOARD URGES DIRECT NEGOTIA- an uncontested right underscored and
TIONS BY MIDEAST NATIONS-ASKS U.N. ECO- guaranteed by the community of world
NOMIC DRIVE To AID REGION nations.
The following statement was adopted "The world anxiously awaits an extension
unanimously by the UAW International of the current precarious cease fire into a
Executive Board at its quarterly meeting in negotiated and durable peace treaty among
Toronto, Ontario, on June 16, 1967 and is be- the nations of the Middle East. If this hope
ing released simultaneously in Detroit and is to be achieved, it must be anchored in
Washington: agreements directly entered into through
"In the tragic area of the Middle East, the voluntary negotiations between Israel and
guns are now silenced and a precarious cease each of her Arab neighbors. Tempting as it
fire is in effect. If hostilities are not to recur, may be to certain world powers, history,
there must be a frank.facing up to under- none-the-less, tragically reveals that the
lying and unresolved problems and of the terms of a just and lasting peace cannot be
hard realities which now exist in the region, imposed from without.
and a concerted and determined effort must "It is also equally clear that a return to
be made to find a peaceful solution to these past formulas on the terms of the 1949 or
problems. 1956 settlements which have demonstrated
"While the major responsibility for dealing their own weakness and unworkability and
with these issues rests with the Arab states finally ended in hostilities is not the answer.
and with Israel, the world powers and other Such difficult issues which involve questions
nations have an obligation to help create a of national security, boundaries and borders,
climate of trust and cooperation in the resettlement of refugees and other matters
region, without which there can be no sub- can best be settled through direct negotia-
stantial progress toward a lasting peace. tions. In such direct confrontation there can
"For many years there has been a drum- evolve a realization that each has more in
beat by certain Arab leaders and nations common than in conflict,
inflaming passions by a call for a 'holy war "To achieve this will require a turn away
to annihilate Israel and the Jews.' For 20 from an ever escalating and devastating arms
years the blind hatred and irrational passion race, which has been encouraged by the
of certain Arab leaders have inflamed rela- major powers, and a turn toward a common
tions in the Middle East. These leaders have effort to develop the vast economic and
refused to recognize the existence of Israel social resources of the entire region and its
and its right to live as a sovereign and inde- people. The desert thirsts for water which
pendent nation and as a member of the can make it bloom. Parched and rocky hill-
community of nations. Instead of accepting sides can become lush with orchards and
Israel in a spirit of cooperation and coexist- vineyards. Disease and illiteracy, which have
ence, these Arab leaders have continued their been the historic legacy of vast areas of the
propaganda of a holy war directed at the Middel East, can be eliminated. It is toward
destruction of the reckless and indefensible these tasks of economic development and a
attitude and triggered the unprovoked ac- common effort to raise living standards that
tion demanded by the United Arab Republic each nation in the region should devote its
for the withdrawal of U.N. forces from the energies and resources.
Gaza strip and the Straits of Tiran and the "The war has disrupted and seriously
closing of the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli ships. threatens the economies of many of the
"These actions followed by the full mo- countries of the Middle East. If chaos and
bilization of Arab military forces surrounding political instability are to be avoided, sub-
the border of Israel and the open threats by stantial external economic assistance must be
Arab leaders to wage a holy war of anni- mobilized and diverted to the region. The
hilation against Israel and its people con- United Nations, rather than become em-
stituted, by any rational standard, an act of broiled in fruitless recriminations which can
aggression against the State of Israel. only further inflame passions in the area
vessels, so that the economy of the nation peace or coexistence for leaders of the Soviet
may be benefited and the prosperity of the Union and the Arab nations to further in-
Northwest and its ports be continued and flame these passions by making deliberately
promoted. wild and malicious charges which seek to
(2) The Chief Clerk of the House of Rep- equate Israel's defense against these calcu-
resentatives shall cause a copy of this me- lated efforts to annihilate her with the bru-
morial to be sent to the President of the tal military aggression of the Hitler regime.
United States, to the presiding officer of each What is needed is reason, not recrimination.
house of Congress and to each member of "As is always the case in war, it has many
the Oregon Congressional Delegation, innocent victims. Thousands of civilians
and further divide people and nations,
should concentrate its energies and efforts
on the creation of a special UN Economic
and Social Development Authority for the
Middle East to spearhead the urgent tasks
confronting the people of the entire region.
Such rewarding peaceful efforts should com-
mand the generous and wholehearted sup-
port of all nations.
"The need is for a sustained period of
calm and serious and direct negotiations
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 23, 1967
pointed toward a settlement of major issues
and regional economic cooperation to stimu-
late growth and a drive toward improved
health, education and higher living stand-
ards.
"This region, which has contributed so
much to the cultural heritage of civilized
man, can and must find its way to contribute
equally to man's search for peace and
justice."
MRS. VIRGINIA MAE BROWN:
FRIEND OF THE RAILROAD PAS-
SENGERS
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres-
ident, the increasingly critical situation
involving rail service in and out of the
State of.. West Virginia has not escaped
the attention of Mrs. Virginia Mae
Brown, a West Virginian and member of
the Interstate Commerce Commission.
And, having delved into the facts of the
matter, I note that Mrs. Brown has ap-
plied greatly needed commonsense to
the tangled situation involving the con-
tinued scheduling of trains in the eastern
areas including Virginia, West Virginia,
and Ohio.
Mrs. Brown's vigorous action in the re-
cent Chesapeake & Ohio proceedings,
following the Chesapeake & Ohio Rail-
way Co.'s petition to discontinue certain
passenger train service, has been ap-
plauded in an editorial in the Fairjmont,
W. Va., Times on June 20. Having sup-
ported her appointment to the Commis-
sion, I am especially gratified to note
her actions as a member of the ICC. I
feel that my faith in her judgment and
consientious performance of duty is be-
ing vindicated.
I join with the Times editor in calling
her, "Champion of the Passengers."
I ask unanimous consent that this
newspaper editorial be printed in the
RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CHAMPION OF THE PASSENGERS
A champion of the people who still prefer
to ride passenger trains has been found on
the Interstate Commerce Commission in the
person of Virginia Mae Brown, the former
West Virginia insurance commissioner. Presi-
dent Johnson may not have had this angle
in mind when he named Mrs. Brown to the
ICC, but train-riders may live to reap the
benefits of her presence on the committee.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has
for far too long listened to the wails of rail-
road executives about the losses being in-
curred on passenger traffic. Some of the re-
quests for abandonment of trains can doubt-
less be supported by the red-ink figures on
the operation charts, but there are cases
where the roads are simply trying to get out
from under.
The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway went to
the ICC for permission to abandon two of
its best-known passenger operations, the
Sportsman and the Fast Flying Virginian,
leaving only one "name" train on its main
line through Southern West Virginia. The
-C & 0, with the Baltimore & Ohio firmly in
its grasp and looking for additional cor-
porate acquisitions, raised the usual argu-
ment that "diminishing passenger traffic"
was forcing it to give up the trains in ques-
tion.
Mrs. Brown showed by the road's own
figures that travel Increased by 15,400 pas-
sengers from 1964 to 1966 instead of "dimin-
ishing" as the C & 0 contended. She filed
a vigorous dissent to an order requiring the
railroad to continue running the trains for
six months, Insisting that the full legal limit
of a year should have been invoked.
The C & 0 isn't the only railroad that has
been cutting back passenger service to an
almost irreducible minimum. Its "affiliate,"
the B&O, may be offering fewer trains
through this part of the state than when
its main line first went through in 1852.
"Name" trains are disappearing all over the
country.
The ICC has tolerantly permitted aban-
donment of passenger traffic in order that
the railroads, can pile up profits handling
freight. The C&O-B&O, for instance, makes
a great deal of money hauling coal out of
West Virginia, but it doesn't give a tinker's
dam whether anyone rides its passenger
trains.
Vigorous dissent by Commissioner Brown
and all those she- can align on her side to
the current ICC policy seems to be the only
means of keeping a single passenger train
running anywhere east of the Mississippi.
SOCIAL SECURITY EXEMPTION FOR
AID TO DEPENDENT CHILDREN
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on behalf
of my colleague, Senator HATFIELD and
myself, I ask unanimous consent that
there be inserted in the RECORD at this
point in my remarks, a copy of enrolled
House Joint Memorial 1'7 which was
adopted by the House of Representatives
and the Senate of the Oregon Legislative
Assembly.
There being no objection, the memo-
rial was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
ENROLLED HOUSE JOINT MEMORIAL 17
(Sponsored by Representative Peck, Senator
Fadeley, Representatives Bessonette, Bradley,
Carson, Davis, Elder, Graham, Harlan, Holm-
strom, Jernstedt, Kennedy, Leiken, Meek,
Redden, Richards, Frank Roberts, Rogers,
Thornton, Willits, Senators Rain, Eivers,
Ireland, Morgan, Musa, Thiel.)
To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled:
We, your memorialists, the, Fifty-fourth
Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon,
in legislative session assembled, most re-
spectfully represent as follows:
Whereas most categories of public assist-
ance include an earnings exemption whereby
recipients are allowed some earnings without
reduction in grants; and
Whereas the earnings of an adult on an
Aid to Dependent Children grant, other than
a small allowance for extra costs, are fully
deductible from the grant; now, therefore,
Be it Resolved by the Legislative Assembly
of the State of Oregon:
(1) The Congress of the United States is
memorialized to amend the Social Security
Act so as to extend an earnings exemption
to adults on Aid to Dependent Children
grants comparable to that given recipients
of other categories of aid.
(2) A copy of this memorial shall be sent
to each member of the Oregon Congressional
Delegation.
EDWARD L. JAMES
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, the June 20 issue of the Fair-
mont, W. Va., Times commented on the
death of a West Virginian of unusual
merit-Edward L. James.
One aspect of his life, his firm belief
in education, is especially noteworthy.
His own efforts to continue his personal
education through reading and study
were meritorious, arid his diligence in
enabling his seven hildren to secure
college degrees is wog thy of equal atten-
tion and commendatirin. His contribution
toward resolving complex issues of our
times will be long i emembered within
the State of West Vi eginia.
I ask unanimous consent that this
newspaper editorial be printed in the
RECORD at this point
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be priaited in the RECORD,
as follows :
EDWARD L. JAMES
Those who knew Edv 3rd L. James during
the half-century of his interest in State
Democratic politics will regret to hear of his
tragic death on Sunday.
The 74-year-old proc ace company presi-
dent was fatally injured when an ambulance
headed for the scene of a drowning collided
with his car.
The shocking. accidei.t removed from an
active role in business civic and political
affairs one of Charlesto;;s's best known resi-
dents. He was often a .nember of the West
Virginia delegation at democratic National
Conventions and made numerous appear-
ances before committee at such gatherings.
Although he was gr sduated as valedic-
torian of his class at Vie old Garnet High
School in Charleston, hr entered his father's
produce business immediately and did not
continue his formal education. But constant
reading and research made him a well-in-
formed man, especially n those areas where
his interests centered.
Probably nothing gave him as much satis-
faction as seeing all se ven of his children
receive college degrees. '1 wo are in the family
firm and the rest have entered the profes-
sions.
While he was a lead or of his own race,
honors came to him not so much because
he. was an outstanding I',egro but because he
had distinguished hir_iself by his own
efforts. He and Mrs. Jarr ss were twice guests
at state dinners in the White House, and
he was on familiar term: with the great men
of his time.
Eddie James brought great credit to the
state of West Virginia ar:d the tragedy of his
death at 74 will be wide: ;f mourned.
MOVEMENT TOWA RD BILINGUAL
EDUCATION IN ENGLISH AND
SPANISH
Mr. YARBOROUGI+I:. Mr. President, It
was heartening to ma to see an article
in the Dallas Mcrnin?' News of Sunday,
June 18, 1967, reportiig what is, to me,
one of the most exiting educational
movies of this decade as applied to the
Southwest-the attempt to provide an
equal educational op)ortunity for the
Spanish-speaking. These people, who
comprise 12 percent of the population of
the Southwestern Uz'.ted States, have
always had the obstacle of language to
overcome in our Ame: lean schools, and
sometimes have en,:ountered actual
punishment for any sip, into their own
mother tongue, Spanis i.
To encourage and to utilize this
promising movement toward a better
method of instruction for Spanish-
speaking students, I Introduced In the
Senate S. 428, the bilingual American
education bill, cospons ared by a number
of my colleagues in th : Senate, which is
mentioned in the UPI article by Preston
McGraw. Presently tl,,e Special Senate
Subcommittee on Bilir, gual Education is
holding hearings on tie bill, with Cali-
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 Approved For Release 200
June 23, 1967 CONGRESSIO
Once they have done that, he declared,
"they can count with confidence upon the
friendship and the help of the people of the
United States.
"In a climate of peace, we will do our full
share to help with a solution for the refu-
gees. We will do our share in support of re-
gional cooperation. We will do our share,
and more, to see that the peaceful promise
of nuclear energy is applied to the critical
problem of desalting water."
The contrast between the two addresses
mirrored the differences between the peoples
of the Soviet Union and the United States
and between the objectives of their govern-
ments.
Kosygin spread propaganda for Commu-
nist expansion. President Johnson charted a
conscientious course for peace and human
progress.
The General Assembly can strengthen its
own prestige as well as encourage lasting
peace in the Middle East by supporting the
sound American program.
MEMORIAL IN SUPPORT OF DEEPER
AND WIDER SHIP CHANNELS IN
COLUMBIA AND WILLAMETTE
RIVERS, OREG.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent, on behalf of my col-
league, Senator HATFIELD, and myself,
that Enrolled House Joint Memorial 5,
adopted by the House of Representatives
and the Senate of the Legislative As-
sembly of Oregon, in support of the
deepening and widening of the ship
channels in the Columbia and Willamette
Rivers, Oreg., be included in the RECORD
at this point in my remarks.
There being no objection, the me-
morial was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
HOVSE JOINT MEMORIAL 5
(Sponsored by Representatives Bennett,
Bradley.)
To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of
America, in Congress Assembled:
We, your memorialists, the Fifty-fourth
Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon,
in legislative session assembled, most re-
spectfully represent as follows:
Whereas the Columbia and Willamette
Rivers are the major waterways in the North-
west open to seagoing commerce; and
Whereas there is a complex of facilities
now under construction, known as the River-
gate Project, and possibly others, that will
greatly increase demands made upon these
rivers as avenues for marine transportation;
and
Whereas seagoing vessels are being built
much larger, with consequently greater de-
mand for deeper and wider channels; and
Whereas the present channel depth of the
Columbia and Willamette Rivers does not ac-
commodate these largest vessels of today;
now, therefore,
Be It Resolved by the Legislative Assembly
of the State of Oregon:
(1) The Congress of the United States is
memoralized expeditiously to provide for the
deepening and widening of the ship chan-
nels in the Columbia and Willamette Rivers
to such extent as will accommodate larger
vessels, so that the economy of the nation
may be benefited and the prosperity of the
Northwest and its ports be continued and
promoted.
(2) The Chief Clerk of the House of Rep-
resentatives shall cause a copy of this me-
morial to be sent to the President of the
United States, to the presiding officer of each
house of Congress and to each member of
the Oregon Congressional Delegation.
AL RECORD - SENATE S 8797
AUTO WORKERS' STATEMENT ON
MIDDLE EAST
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, Mr.
Walter Reuther, of the United Auto
Workers, has presented me with a copy
of a statement adopted unanimously by
that international union's executive
board, dealing with the situation in the
Middle East, at its meeting in Toronto on
June 16.
Because this is a thoughtful assess-
ment of the needs for a peace settlement
with durability, recognizing the realities
of the severe problems before us as a re-
sult of the Arab-Israel explosion, and
properly advocating the fullest use of
United Nations resources, I ask unani-
mous consent that the text of the text of
this expression of concern by the UAW
may appear in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
UAW EXECUTIVE BOARD URGES DIRECT NEGOTIA-
TIONS DY MIDEAST NATIONS-Asses U.N. ECO-
NOMIC DRIVE To AID REGION
The following statement was adopted
unanimously by the UAW International
Executive Board at its quarterly meeting in
Toronto, Ontario, on June 16, 1967 and is be-
ing released simultaneously in Detroit and
Washington:
"In the tragic area of the Middle East, the
guns are now silenced and a precarious cease
fire is in effect. If hostilities are not to recur,
there must be a frank facing up to under.
lying and unresolved problems and of the
hard realities which now exist in the region,
and a concerted and determined effort must
be made to find a peaceful solution to these
problems.
"While the major responsibility for dealing
with these issues rests with the Arab states
and with Israel, the world powers and other
nations have an obligation to help create a
climate of trust and cooperation in the
region, without which there can be no sub-
stantial progress toward a lasting peace.
"For many years there has been a drum-
beat by certain Arab leaders and nations
inflaming passions by a call for a 'holy war
to annihilate Israel and the Jews.' For 20
years the blind hatred and irrational passion
of certain Arab leaders have inflamed rela-
tions in the Middle East. These leaders have
refused to recognize the existence of Israel
and its right to live as a sovereign and inde-
pendent nation and as a member of the
community of nations. Instead of accepting
Israel in a spirit of cooperation and coexist-
ence, these Arab leaders have continued their
propaganda of a holy war directed at the
destruction of the reckless and indefensible
attitude and triggered the unprovoked ac-
tion demanded by the United Arab Republic
for the withdrawal of U.N, forces from the
Gaza strip and the Straits of Tiran and the
closing of the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli ships.
"These actions followed by the full mo-
bilization of Arab military forces surrounding
the border of Israel and the open threats by
Arab leaders to wage a holy war of anni-
hilation against Israel and its people con-
stituted, by any rational standard, an act of
aggression against the State of Israel.
"It certainly does not serve the cause of
peace or coexistence for leaders of the Soviet
Union and the Arab nations to further in-
flame these passions by making deliberately
wild and malicious charges which seek to
equate Israel's defense against these calcu-
lated efforts to annihilate her with the bru-
tal military aggression of the Hitler regime.
What is needed is reason, not recrimination.
"As is always the case in war, it has many
innocent victims. Thousands of civilians
have been injured and many more have been
up-rooted from their homes and swell the
already large numbers of displaced refugees.
It is of the highest priority that the United
Nations, through its appropriate agency and
backed. by full support of the UN members,
move with all speed and compassion to pro-
vide adequate emergency care for the injured
and aid the homeless. In addition, the UN
should call upon Israel and each of her Arab
neighbors to enter into direct negotiations In
an effort to settle not only the basic issues
in conflict but also to find a just, equitable
and compassionate resettlement of the
thousands of refugees.
"There can be no basis for peace between
Israel and the Arab nations without a firm
and open acceptance by all of the right of
each nation and its people to exist. Basic to
this fundamental and elemental principle
is the right of each nation to free and in-
nocent access to and passage through inter-
national waterways essential to world com-
merce and national survival. This specifically
includes access and passage through the
Suez Canal and the Gulf of Aqaba.
"The right of a people not to be strangu-
lated is not a negotiable matter. It must be
an uncontested right underscored and
guaranteed , by the community of world
nations.
"The world anxiously awaits an extension
of the current precarious cease fire into a
negotiated and durable peace treaty among
the nations of the Middle East. If this hope
is to be achieved, it must be anchored in
agreements directly entered into through
voluntary negotiations between Israel and
each of her Arab neighbors. Tempting as it
may be to certain world powers, history,
none-the-less, tragically reveals that the
terms of a just and lasting peace cannot be
imposed from without.
"It is also equally clear that a return to
past formulas on the terms of the 1949 or
1956 settlements which have demonstrated
their own weakness and unworkability and
finally ended in hostilities Is not the answer.
Such difficult issues which involve questions
of national security, boundaries and borders,
resettlement of refugees and other matters
can best be settled through direct negotia-
tions. In such direct confrontation there can
evolve a realization that each has more in
common than in conflict.
"To achieve this will require a turn away
from an ever escalating and devastating arms
race, which has been encouraged by the
major powers, and a turn toward a common
effort to develop the vast economic and
social resources of the entire region and its
people. The desert thirsts for water which
can make it bloom. Parched and rocky hill-
sides can become lush with orchards and
vineyards. Disease and illiteracy, which have
been the historic legacy of vast areas of the
Middel East, can be eliminated. It is toward
these tasks of economic development and a
common effort to raise living standards that
each nation in the region should devote its
energies and resources.
"The war has disrupted and seriously
threatens the economies of many of the
countries of the Middle East. If chaos and
political Instability are to be avoided, sub-
stantial external economic assistance must be
mobilized and diverted to the region. The
United Nations, rather than become em-
broiled in fruitless recriminations which can
only further inflame passions in the area
and further divide people and nations,
should concentrate its energies and efforts
on the creation of a special UN Economic
and Social Development Authority for the
Middle East to spearhead the urgent tasks
confronting the people of the entire region.
Such rewarding peaceful efforts should cVm-
mand the generous and wholehearted sup-
port of all nations.
"The need is for a sustained period of
calm and serious and direct negotiations
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S 8798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
pointed toward a settlement of major issues
and regional economic cooperation tostimu-
late growth and a drive toward improved
health, education and higher living stand-
ards. .
"This region, which has contributed so
much to the cultural heritage of civilized
man, can and must find its way to contribute
equally to man's search for peace and
justice."
MRS. VIRGINIA MAE BROWN:
'FRIEND OF THE RAILROAD PAS-
SENGERS
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres-
ident, the increasingly critical situation
involving rail service in and out of the
State of West Virginia has not escaped
the attention of Mrs. Virginia Mae
Brown, a West Virginian and member of
the Interstate Commerce Commission.
And, having delved into the facts of the
matter, I note that Mrs. Brown has ap-
.plied greatly needed commonsense to
the tangled situation involving the con-
tinued scheduling of trains in the eastern
areas including Virginia, West Virginia,
and Ohio.
Mrs. Brown's vigorous action in the re-
cent Chesapeake & Ohio proceedings,
following the Chesapeake & Ohio Rail-
way Co.'s petition to discontinue certain
passenger train service, has been ap-
plauded in an editorial in the Fairmont,
W. Va., Times on June 20. Having sup-
ported her appointment to the Commis-
sion, I am especially gratified to note
her actions as a member of the ICC. I
feel that my faith in her judgment and
coilsientious performance of duty Is be-
ing vindicated.
I join with the Times editor in calling
,titer, "Champion of the Passengers."
I ask unanimous consent that this
newspaper editorial be printed in the
: CORD at this point.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
its follows:
CHAMPION OF THE PASSENGERS
A champion of the people who still prefer
16 ride passenger trains has been found on
the Interstate Commerce Commission in the
person of Virginia Mae_ Brown, the former
'hest Virginia insurance commissioner. Presi-
rent Johnson may not have had this angle
to mind when he named Mrs. Brown to the
ICC, but train-riders may live to reap the
benefits of her presence on the committee.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has
fir far too long listened to the wails of rail-
rued executives about the losses being in-
carred on passenger traffic. Some of the re-
quests for abandonment of trains can doubt-
less be supported by the red-ink figures on
the operation charts, but there are cases
where the roads are simply trying to get out
from under.
The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway went to
tle ICC for permission to abandon two of
its best-known passenger operations, the
Sl;artsman and.. the Fast Flying Virginian,
leiving only one "name" train on its main
line through Southern West Virginia. The
C & 0, with the Baltimore & Ohio firmly in
1tit grasp and looking for additional cor-
pcrate acquisitions, raised the usual argu-
mrsnt that "diminishing passenger traffic"
wiA forcing it to give up the trains in ques-
tix+ax.
fvlrs. Brown showed by the road's own
figures that travel increased by 15,400 pas-
sengers from 1964 to 1966 instead of "dimi n-
ialang" as the C & 0 contended. She filed
a vigorous dissent to an order requiring the
railroad to continue running the trains for
six months, insisting that the full legal limit
of a year should have been invoked.
The C & 0 isn't the only railroad that has
been cutting back passenger service to an
almost irreducible minimum. Its "affiliate,"
the B&O, may be offering fewer trains
through this part of the state than when
its main line first went through in 1852.
"Name" trains are disappearing all over the
country.
The ICC has tolerantly permitted aban-
donment of passenger traffic in order that
the railroads can pile up profits handling
freight, The C&O-B&O, for instance, makes
a great deal of money hauling coal out of
West Virginia, but it doesn't give a tinker's
dam whether anyone rides its passenger
trains.
Vigorous dissent by Commissioner Brown
and all those she can align on her side to
the current ICC policy seems to be the only
means of keeping a single passenger train
running anywhere east of the Mississippi,
SOCIAL SECURITY EXEMPTION FOR
AID TO DEPENDENT CHILDREN
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on behalf
of my colleague, Senator HATFIELD and
myself, I ask unanimous consent that
there be inserted in the RECORD at this
point in my remarks, a copy of enrolled
House Joint Memorial 17 which was
adopted by the House of Representatives
and the Senate of the Oregon Legislative
Assembly.
There being no objection, the memo-
rial was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
EISROLLED HOUSE JOINT MEMORIAL 17
(Sponsored by Representative Peck, Senator
Fadeley, Representatives Bessonette, Bradley,
Carson, Davis, Elder, Graham, Harlan, Holm-
strom, Jernstedt, Kennedy, Leiken, Meek,
Redden, Richards, Frank Roberts, Rogers,
Thornton, Willits, Senators Bain, Fivers,
Ireland, Morgan, Musa, Thiel.)
To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled:
We, your memorialists, the Fifty-fourth
Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon,
in legislative session assembled, most re-
spectfully represent as follows:
Whereas most categories of public assist-
ance include an earnings exemption whereby
recipients are allowed some earnings without
reduction in grants; and
Whereas the earnings of an adult onan
Aid to Dependent Children grant, other than
a small allowance for extra costs, are sully
deductible from the grant; now, therefore,
Be it Resolved by the Legislative Assembly
of the State of Oregon: -
(1) The Congress of the United States is
memorialized to amend the Social Security
Act so as to extend an earnings exemption
to adults on Aid to Dependent Children
grants comparable to that given recipients
of other categories of aid.
(2) A copy of this memorial shall be sent
to each member of the Oregon Congressional
Delegation.
EDWARD L. JAMES
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, the June 20 issue of the -Fair-
mont, W. Va., Times commented on the
death of a West Virginian of unusual
merit-Edward L. James. -
One aspect of his life, his firm belief
in education, is especially noteworthy.
His own efforts to continue his personal
education through reading and study
,:Tune 23, 1967
were meritorious, and his diligence in
enabling his seven children to secure
college degrees is worthy of equal atten-
tion and commendation. His contribution
toward resolving complex issues of our
times will be long remembered within
the State of West Virginia.
I ask unanimous consent that this
newspaper editorial be printed in the
REcon at this point,
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the. RECORD,
as follows: -
EDWARD L JAMES
Those who knew Edw'ird L. James during
the half-century of h:,is Interest in State
Democratic politics will regret to hear of his
tragic death on Sunday.
The 74-year-old prod. ice company presi-
dent was fatally injured when an ambulance
headed for the scene of D. drowning collided
with his car.
The shocking acciden!. removed from an
active role in business, civic and political
affairs one of Chaslestos;'s best known resi-
dents. He was often a member of the West
Virginia delegation at Dlemocratic National
Conventions and made numerous appear-
ances before committees at such gatherings.
Although he was gra:iuated as valedic-
torian of his class at ti a old Garnet High
School in Charleston, he entered his father's
produce business humeri ately and did not
continue his formal education. But constant
reading and research ms:de him a well-in-
formed man, especially Iii those areas where
his interests centered,
Probably nothing gave Am as much satis-
faction as seeing all sev'an of his children
receive college degrees. Two are in the family
firm and the rest have entered the profes-
sions.
While he was a leader of his own race,
honors came to him not so much because
he was an outstanding Ne,lro but because he
had distinguished him, -If by his own
efforts. He and Mrs. Jame,, were twice guests
at state dinners In the ?Nhite House, and
he was on familiar terms vrith the great men
of his time,
Eddie James brought great credit to the
state of West Virginia and the tragedy of his
death at 74 will be widely mourned.
MOVEMENT TOWARD BILINGUAL
EDUCATION IN INGLISH AND
SPANISH
Mr. YARBOROt GH. Ilfr. President, it
was heartening to me lo see an article -
In the Dallas Morning News of Sunday,
June 18, 1967, reporting what is, to me,
one of the most exciting educational
movies of this decade a;; applied to the
Southwest-the attempt to provide an
equal educational oppo;:'tunity for the
Spanish-speaking. The., D people, who
comprise 12 percent of ti ie population of
the Southwestern United States, have
always had the obstacle of language to
overcome in our Araeric:,n schools, and
sometimes have encountered actual
punishment for any slip into their own
mother tongue, Spanish.
To encourage and s o utilize this
promising movement tc ward a better
method of instruction for Spanish-
speaking students, I introduced In the
Senate S. 428, the bilin;;ual American
education bill, cosponsored by a number
of my colleagues in the S;;anate, which is
mentioned in the UPI art!.cle by Preston
McGraw. Presently the : pecial Senate
Subcommittee on Bilingu+II Education is
holding hearings on the sill, with Cali-
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for the passage of resolutions, or at least States and Russia. This is a plea for
for the wishes of the Senate to be Americans and Russians to take a fresh
brought to bear, there might be time for look at their national interests and their
constructive changes, short of breaking foreign policies, with respect to each
down an entire, elaborately constructed other.
mechanism for international tariff ar- This is a plea for world politics which
ven
eme
t.. r E
g
n
THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE SUM-
MIT: THANKFULNESS AND HOPE
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, I cannot
help wondering how many people in the
United States and elsewhere feel as I do
about the present world situation. And I
have mixed feelings.
I am so thankful that the conflict in
the Middle East did not bring the nu-
....
y.,wca 4L Niuulubc peace. We must
avoid the devilish temptation ? to use
peace only as an excuse for proving
power.
This is a plea for peace which has its
proof in mankind's hope for the future.
Thankfulness for things past is a good
feeling. Hopefulness for things to come is
of greater consequence and a good feeling
that we cannot do without.
clear powers into another countdown. As JUSTICE MARSHALL OF MARYLAND
terrible as the suffering, death, and de- Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, last
struction were in those countries, the week President Johnson nominated
threat to all people of the whole world Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall to
was much greater. be a Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
The nuclear powers are always involv- The retirement of Justice Tom C. Clark
ing every human being when they face could be equaled only by the appoint-
one another in a crisis. The issue is not ment of an equally fine master of the
country or nationality but humanity it- law.
self. We dare not become casual or cal- Solicitor General Marshall's record as
loused about this fact. an advocate and jurist is unsurpassed to
I am so thankful that the President date. He has appeared before the Su-
and Premier Kosygin have gotten to- preme Court more than 50 times, win-
gether at Glassboro for a meeting. It was ning 29 of 32 cases before being elevated
unbelievable that these leaders could let to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.
political formalities stop conversation. While serving as legal counsel for the
The fate of the future-of mankind-is NAACP, he pioneered the legal theory
involved with the behavior of these men, that persuaded the Court to adopt the
There is cause for being thankful for 1954 Brown decision, making unconsti-
the limited crisis in the Middle East and tutional school segregation.
the summit meeting at Glassboro. But is Thurgood Marshall brings the total of
there really cause for hope? Marylanders who have served on the
So quickly the human victory gives way High Court to six. Since the day he at-
to the threat of defeat. I am thankful for tempted to enter the University of Mary-
the conversations of the world leaders but land School of Law until his nomination
I must see some cooperation if I am to last week, he has made every effort to
have hope. Today's newspapers drama- point up inequities and injustices in our
tically announce the summit meeting and system and yet take concerted and con-
on the same page show pictures and sta- structive steps to terminate them.
tistics of the gory realities of Vietnam. As the senior Senator from Maryland,
This is why I have mixed feelings. I I acknowledge and praise him as a loyal
want to be thankful. But I also want to son, and solicit and encourage Senators
be hopeful. To be hopeful is almost foolish to bring about the speedy confirmation of
as long as the fighting in Vietnam is the nomination of one of Maryland's
fueled and escalated by Russia and the finest men-Thurgood Marshall.
United States. What we are both actually i ask unanimous consent that an edi-
doing there speaks for our future, and it torial published in the Baltimore Afro-
looks hopeless to many. American of June 17, 1967, be printed in
The people of the United States and the RECORD.
the people of Russia-both just people There being no objection, the editorial
of the human race-must let the world was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
leaders know that their hopes are more as follows:
important than petty politics. They must RIGHT THING, RIGHT TIME, RIGHT PLACE,
let these leaders know that losing face RIGHT MAN
or political prestige is not the greatest When the U.S. Senate confirms the ap-
problem. They must applaud conversa- pointment of Solicitor General Thurgood
tion and insist on cooperation. Marshall as an associate justice of the Su-
Pouring military aid into the Middle preme Court-a certainty-an historic legal
East and the Far East, by Russia and cycle will have been completed.
the United States, has gotten us both into President Lyndon Baines Johnson, history
deeper involvements. Especially when we will show, is the first President in the his-
tor of this to select a of
both claim to preserve national interests c
olor to servenoni the highest court ofrthe
by supporting military regimes which ac- land.
tually involve our own military might It will further show that Solicitor Mar-
more and more. shall, the first man of his race to serve as
This is not to say that military con- the No. 3 man in the U.S. Department of
siderations are unimportant. It is to say Justice, is the sixth Marylander to become
that the total interests of the Nation and a Supreme Court justice.
the world must be evaluated in terms Other Marylanders have been:
broader than those seen in the present Justice Robert H. Harrison, 1789 to 1790.
military course of the great powers. Justice Thomas Johnson, 1791 to 1793.
Mr. President, this is a plea for ration- Justice Justice Gabriel Samuel Duval,, 1 12 to 1311.
ality. This is a plea for increased con- Chief Justice Roger B 8Taney, 1836 to
versation and cooperation by the United 1864.
It is more than poetic justice that Mr.
Marshall is the first Marylander to be named
to the high court since Mr. Justice Taney.
As Chief Justice 100 years ago it was Judge
Taney who delivered the infamous 6 to 3
Dred Scott Decision which legally preserved
slavery.
The majority verdict, read by Chief Justice
Taney, held that:
"Dred Scott was a slave, not a citizen,
hence he had no rights under the Consti-
tution, which was made by whites for
whites."
That decision, which angered President
Abraham Lincoln and tormented both slaves
and abolitionists alike, was rendered March
6, 1857.
On May 17, 1954 the Supreme Court, head-
ed by the current Chief Justice, Earl War-
ren, ruled:
"Segregation in public schools is inherent-
ly unequal and therefore unconstitutional."
For all practical purposes that decision
sounded the dealth knell for all forms of
legally-sanctioned segregation-or slavery
in a more sophisticated form.
The one man mostly responsible for that
historical decree is Thurgood Marshall, who
unleashed a brilliantly slashing, and relent-
less attack on the institution of slavery and
all of its ramifications, including school
segregation.
He was chief counsel in the case of Brown
vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans.
It was on the plaintiff's side of the bar in
the hallowed chambers of the Supreme Court
that Mr. Marshall's booming voice thundered
the evils of school segregation.
It echoed around the world and thus put
into motion judicial wheels which churned
out the beginning of the social revolution.
Now Mr. Marshall has been designated a
member of the court before which he so
eloquently pleaded.
When he is confirmed there is no ap-
prehension here of his performance.
.Truth is, there never has been, whether
he was pleading the cause of victims of dis-
crimination and segregation as he did for a
quarter century;
Or writing an opinion for the U.S. Second
Circuit Court of Appeals in New York, or
advocating the government's cause as Solici-
tor General, there was never any doubt about
his ability and. in most cases, the outcome.
As the nation's most brilliant civil rights
lawyer, Justice-designate Marshall argued
and won 29 Supreme Court cases.
A brillant attorney, distinguished jurist,
and able Federal officer, his appointment to
the nation's highest court seems natural.
President Johnson said it best:
"I believe he earned that appointment; he
deserves the appointment. He is best quali-
fied by training and by very valuable service
to the country.
"I believe it is the right thing to do; the
right time to do it; the right man and the
right place."
We can only add:
"Mr. President, we concur!"
PRESIDENT JOHNSON: ARCHITECT
OF A NEW FEDERALISM
Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, President
Johnson has long advocated a close part-
nership between the Federal Government
and the States. This partnership is indis-
pensable if our Federal grant-in-aid pro-
grams are to accomplish their goals.
The President knows the States and
localities receiving assistance under Fed-
eral programs are the final link between
national programs and the individuals
such programs are designed to serve. Be-
cause of this knowledge and because of
his belief in the importance of strength-
ening our democratic system of govern-
ment, he is working to improve relation-
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I submit t'iat love for your neighbors, the Oreg. The initiation of construction Participants have agreed that the ale of
of offers must prevail w til the
children, requires provision for excellent ell- work on this project in the coming fiscal confidentiality gned. I are, thrrefore,
zens' n. If slr, the love quickly becomes citi- year and the advancement of the prof- finafinal l agreement ment is is si si t h e possibility a f tariff
you may peneat to that extent, will reflect economy reductions 9A any specific items.
cans' commil campaigns, voting planning
and money. rIn nd In you your expen-
di .ure cof gns, tin e, ruin energy and resources may in the long run due to constantly in-
not days after receiving Mr. y .oth's
meet a haggle flesh and blood child. Yet creasing costs in connection with public I ter, hwas notified by the ]~epaatmerit
you will haver acted in love toward them. works projects. of Agriculture that Ambassador or Rath
The same thesis applies in all kinds of The Tillamook Bay south jetty project of informed us thateassa Roth
areas. How do you love the disenfranchised, is most meritorious and initial cons&ruc- than about items tthat ha may be subject t-
the dropout, the impoverished, the handi- tion should be undertaken thjs1ear.
capped or ary other people who cannot solve There being no abjection the memo- trade negotiation cannot be disclc ed at , al at their problems by themselves? Certainly they rfal was ordered to be `Printed in the this time."
We do. Tand individual serv- RECORD, as follows: Mr. President, I am fully in teeord
need person
be healso provided by need the the jjooinn-t [Oregon Legislative Assembly, 1967 with the necessity for some degree of
onlly They
cy regular
icces es tn.hot can all
action society. confidentiality. The intricate web ">f give
ma~;ters is
Legisl atio;, research projects, agencies and HousE JOINT MEMORIAL session] MEMORIAL 9 and take in tariff and related like the wall. of interlocking stones which
institutions devoted to specialized services (Sponsored by Representative Hanneman,
are all possible avenues of opportunity and Senator Naterlin.) collapses when any stone is removed. To
justice for 1eople. None of them just happen. To the Honorable Senate and House of this extent, I can sympathize wi!,h our
They come mto being as people care enough Representatives of the United States of trade negotiators in wishing to secure
to give themselves to the battle for them. America, in Congress Assembled: finalization of their many year's of- effort,
Civil rights acts, mental health programs We, your memorialists, the Fifty-Fourth so that a general liberalization of tariffs
and rehabilitation centers are illustrative of Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon, worldwide can be achieved.
acts of love in the public domain. They in legislative session assembled, most re- But, in my judgment, it is distorting the
represent viays by which men and women; spectfully represent as follows: Senators and C`origrSmen
clergy included, have responded to the cam- Whereas Tillamook Bay is the only po- issue when the dark on a subject. which
- are
mand to love they neighbor. tential deep water port between Newport issue kept
constitutionally within their t.1 which
Consider the Biblical command to be and Astoria, a coastal distance of more than
stewards of the gifts of God. That requires 100 miles; and The Trade Expansion Act of 19132 not-
the acknowledgement that God is the fee Whereas the absence of a deep water port withstanding, the Constitution relioses in
owner of ,she whole creation. We are his along the north central coast of Oregon the Congress prerogatives for th< estab-
stewards, t rmporary trustees, charged to re- creates a severe hazard to the safety of lishment of tariffs. Despite the fnaliza-
turn an earth - that he been improkred by coastal shipping; and than of the Kennedy round in only a
our managlIment. As stewards we are c use Whereas a considerable amount of funds
the created' order to ennoble man's life;~.to have already been spent for rehabilitation of week, the U.S. Congress will certs:rinly be
bring joy and fullness to his earthly stay.`""the north jetty; and in a position to legislate changed: in the
A proper stewardship of the earth can do Whereas the Federal Government Iia5 pre~_ international agreement; however, as the
that. viously recognized the necessity for construe- ce of Ambassador Roth has informed
A moment's reflection indicates how far tion of the south jetty in order to complete in such action could either reope z nego-
we are from the ideal. By treating the crea- the project; now, therefore, tia ions, or could bring about the invoca-
tion as otr own, to be exploited for our Be it Resolved by the Legislative Assembly tfo of Sanctions or the impos:tion of
momentar, pleasure, we pollute and car- of theState of Oregon: alties against the United Stat 9s.
rupt and deface and dehumanize. What kind (1) The Congress of the United States is
t funds There are two ancillary age ements
i
ffi
en
c
appropriate su
of stewards will receive clear lakes and memorialized to rivers and hand back open sewers and lit- for planning and construction of the south hich will come before the Se]ate for
rered sloughs? jetty at Tillamook Bay. Oregon. . ratification in the form of treaties. How-
As stewards we have the opportunity, yes (2) A copy of this memorial shall be tea - ever, the basic provisions of the Kennedy
the responsibility, to create communities, mitted to the President of the United S tes round will not be something wi lch will
cities and nations that are warm and hu- and to each member of the Oregon C gres- be subject to Senate ratification in toto.
man, brimming with beauty and brightness, sional Delegation. ,,. The Senate will have before it the inter-
designed t9 enable people to work and play, national grains agreement and f,L treaty
laugh and cry, live and die without ugliness, with respect to the American selling
bitterness and warfare as daily companions. THE KENNEDY RO CANDOR,
price
DEN
.
-
To mak: such a possibility a reality re- AND THE RULE CONFI
vate action, by a whole array of citizens. is the lack of information made f. vallable
Clergymen. ` are included! . HANSE r. President, the Ken- to the one-third of Government, which,
quires devoted public service, as well as pri- 11awmakers LITY The basic question which disturbs me
round trade negotiations will be as a matter of fact, is charged -with the -
f final i with responsibility for tariff setting. With re-
TILLAM JOK, OREG., SOUTH JETTY the participating nations, in- spect to Mr. Roth's comments a gout the
PROJECT g-the United States. rule of confidentiality, his office clarified
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on behalf ile near-final arrangements were this position. It admitted flatly that the
of my colleague from Oregon [Mr. HAT- remarkably convenient "executi!re privi-
unced to the press some weeks ago, s" is the instrument of lat
the specifics of of lot ilatitude behind
FIELD] and myself, I ask unanimous con- iations about specific commodities lege"
otiatind
sent that there be printed in the RECORD, precise tariffs is still going on in which
being concealed. It tariff gratifying to
a copy of Enrolled House Joint Memorial va, and probably will continue until are that concealed. . not being a Eying to
9, adopted by the House of Representa- shortly before the June 30 expiration of know that Cngr facts not being tempt d
tires and the Senate of the Oregon Leg- egislation which permits U.S. par- f nt reached at Geneva.
islative Assembly, in support of funds for ation in the Kennedy round. agreement a. off the Sen-
planning; and construction of the south number of Senators have attempted Much ate about osseach the sa Gid on any g the Sen-
jetty at Tillamook Bay, Oreg. arn prior to the finalizing of ar-
Although the President's budget does ements, what the Kennedy round Government's secrecy and lack c f cando r.
not request funds for the Tillamook in store for particular commodities. This, in my mind, is one more example
south jetty project for fiscal 1968, I am lawmakers have learned, to their of the Government's disinclinati in to tell
pleased to state that Senator HATFIELD consternation, that specifics of the intri- the truth at the only time when i;he truth
and I are giving enthusiastic support to cately built tapestry of tariff will not be can have value. It will be tenfiyld more
the request for an appropriation of revealed. to them until after the fact- difficult for the Senate to proteirt Amer-
$500,000 for this project for the coming after the'aigning of final instruments on ican business ess intresterJune 30. the
fiscal year. This is the amount that could June 30. Kennedy round a right t to know
sac t a the
be used, effectively and efficiently, by the On June 8, I wrote the Honorable Kernie iy i means beforetoit is i later
U.S. Arley Corps of Engineers, subject William Roth, Spec-141 Representative influence
the final form of the agree-
to the usual limitations set forth by the for Trade Negotiations, requesting infor- meets.
corps. Tie project is urgently required to mation as to "any contemplated decrease
t
prevent erosion damage on Bay Ocean in the tariff rate on raw wool." I was what Were t Ke Senate to ennedy round be informe moan s do boout
Spit in the vicinity of Tillamook Bay, informed by letter June 16:
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 Approved
June 23, 1967 F~-/~1~/2pP6,$Q~QR000200300009-2 S 8793
of a million dollars a month for the guerrilla and engages in various public service proj- guages and Literatures of the university
campaign, plus bigger sums later on. Con- ects to maintain close rapport with the peo- of Michigan be printed in the RECORD.
tinued over many months, this would be big pie. Its main purpose, however, I. to ensure There being no objection, the letter
money in Bolivia, with a national budget of that every Cuban is watched by several was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
only 60 million dollars a year. others. as follows:
Bolivia's economy, which teetered on the The Department of State Security has a DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN
brink of collapse for years, now is rated covert unit whose responsibility is to pene- LANTMENT AND LEARTUstrong enough to absorb some shocks. trate every factory, women's club, children's VARSITY OF MICHIGAN,
The state-owned tin mines, which pro- group. These hidden informers have played Ann AMch., June 12, 1967.
duce 90 per cent of the country's foreign- havoc with non-Communist efforts to main- Hon. J. W. FULH Arbor, rbor
exchange earnings, are working profitably tain intelligence agents on the island. Senate Fe Building,
for the first time since they were national- But Castro's solid position also arises from Washington, Building,
ized in 1952. the fact that Cuba has about 100,000 "beta- DEAR SENATOR FULBRIGHT: NOW that the
Direct U.S. economic aid is putting 30 mil- dos," or students with government scholar- recent ATORelwarseems to wave that the ended,
the United
lion dollars a year into Bolivia. Other loans ships. Castro has made education his big A E b- re time being, seems
profoundly
and private investments will add several push, and non-Communist diplomats con- Sat least for tates will inevitably find itself profoundly
any attempts the belligerents
millions more during 1967. cede that he has made great progress. Statesed will
Construction, a major source of employ- Thus Cuban students are said to form the and interested pattem to reach a settlement.
my hope re and tt denc
ment, is reviving. core of Castro's backers. I and wish to express
But the economy is not strong enough to Then, one of Castro's first acts was to that you exert sill possible fnfluence will resist many sizable political shocks-such as declare all beaches open to all Cubans. This that keep this country from any pofluy ce
vindictiveness.
a military take-over triggered by officer dis- scored heavily with Cuba's Negroes and to of
satisfaction with the Government's han- urban workers whom the Batista regime narrow The easy partisanship thing for r this or vi vi country would be
dling of the guerrillas. That is the longer- had barred from choice bathing areas. to kick Nnow t appears o to be
range worry posed by the continued presence One Negro, Juan Almeida, is now acting down, for Nasser have w co been bedeviled be
of the guerrillas. minister of defense and made the May Day his ambitions, and irritated (perhaps un-
THE U.S. VIEWPOINT brother normally given the Fidel. Fidel' duly) by his contemptuous rhetoric. And
speech by , Raul, still holds the title of defense nohe has been bto the edge of dis-
quandary guerrilla outbreak also poses a real minister, but rumors have it that Fidel gave now the U.S
by his
easy for the United
. po
Washington would like to see the guer- with Raul. Other reports, seemingly more States to support Israel's harsh demands, all
rillas defeated, quickly and decisively, But reliable, say Raul broke his kneecap skiing the more as religion, sentiment, and our own
the U.S. is avoiding any appearance of get- in Eastern Europe and is merely recuper- large Jewish community unite us to this
tang involved in any fighting. atin Even so, we we must resist these
and recall our
At Bolivia's request, U.S. training of Bo- Fidel's strong position is evidenced by the latteall too hum country. an temptations,
livian Army units in antiguerrilla tactics has fact that the armed bands that opposed him tradition m humanity aunderstanding
been speeded up. A 15-man Special Forces early in his regime no longer roam the towards the hum ni y and n tradition which
training team is working with a Bolivian countryside. There is now no visible overt was once, a the vanquished -a trail r ran aban-
become battalion that, it is expected, ultimately will opposition to Castro in Cuba. dosed with disastrous rstulct. In particular,
the main force against the guerrillas. American officials have concluded that if do can tt forget our great material and
Helicopters and some communications equip- Castro is to be overthrown, it will come we canl t forge our the Arab world, nor
merit have been delivered for antiguerrilla through a "palace revolt" that no one now tcultura in hat the Arabs do indeed have a case against
w. expects . Israel and Zionism, however ineptly Messrs.
But U.S. military men-and even Peace Castro moved to close the door on palace Tomeh and Awad al-Kole may present it.
Corps men-have been pulled out of the revolts years ago when he had his men shoot Our material interests are may present a it.
oil l interests
Near East, and the fore-
guerrilla zone. Bolivian requests for napalm, down the plane of Carrillo Cienfuegos, a sort cess to material
influen
were military equipment and more aircraft of coequal during the revolution. Then, in teceslto of a monopoly the Near Russian the fore-
Stance
were turned down. the summer of 1959, another top fellow- stalling
the area. Cthe United
the Arab world, and it will
In La Paz, there is genuine doubt that the rebel, Huber Matos, was hauled before a has many ties Culturally,
U.S. could, through military involvement or kangaroo court after he protested the drift suffice to name the American University will
economic aid, shape the future of a country toward communism, Matos is still in prison. Beirut, the American University of Cerro; and
like Bolivia even if it wanted to. And Che Guevara? Every diplomat and the fellowships the Ame and University of Cairo, and
Says one seasoned follower of Bolivian af- intelligence agent has his own guess as to the sponsored an the American Research
in Bolivia. The Bolivians still can, if they this architect of insurgency is doing just Cent, and so pt. All thi if will surely
site d t its
United States n have the will to do it. Bolivia has the poten- what Castro claims, sneaking about Latin takea and soisan and y, if the United
policy towards the Arab world. It is
tial to be a prosperous, free country-if Bo- America planning other revolutions. futures
livians, themselves, have the will." Castro has about 50,000 political prisoners effort to es-
[From bars. There are also about 28,000 essential ter we ms which ake a every re at once es-
[From the Washington Star, June 21, 19671 Cubans whom Castro distrusts and calls tablish peace that le to both mstwh and reve some ac-
CASTRO FORGES STRONG SUPPORT "gusanos" (worms). He has put them in ofpstabilityta stability. This will be no easy task, to
(By Carl T. Rowan) a sort of (Military combination Units co o Aid ncentration Production), camp- say the very least, and will surely require
UMAPs to a sort an infinite patience on our our partt. But if sIf you've been waiting for Fidel Castro's Georgia chain gang-job corps operation. an infinite at all, the utd . But if such
should terms exist
Communist regime to be crushed by popular Told that Castro and the
revolt, forget it. Communists be in a strong position to find them and get
seem to have Cuba in an iron grip, an ever- them accepted, since this government has, get
Cuba's government is the most stable in hopeful American asked a free world diplo- theought a nce thi consider influence with have, Latin America and there is "absolutely no mat if maybe- bad health would get the Israel, ht while the Arabs are a fl ence with in an serious opposition to Castro," according to Cuban' dictator. weak position, albt their demands and
totally reliable reports from Havana. "No, he seems strong as an ox," was the claims will have a very self-interested Rus-
Under Russian guidance, Castro has set up reply. "And he's even got the sense to take sian support.
a police state apparatus that diplomats call whiskey and women in moderation." A settlement along the following lines
would, I think, adequately safeguard our own
"one of the most effective in the world."
And he has moved shrewdly to toss favors interests and the legitimate goals of the
to students and lift old injustices off the ERMANENT SETTLEMENT OF belligerentparties:
peasants and Negroes, with the result that
even his bitterest enemies admit that the CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST the 1. The 1949 arrmistice linest wto b ithetheaexception
bearded ex-rebel has a significant popular Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, in of Jerusalem. These boundaries are not al-
following. the weeks and months ahead we would ways terribly rational, I know, but to change
Beyond that, of the three men most has to challenge Castro's leadership, he has had be wise to consider all sensible and fee- them around would surely create more pro -
one killed, another imprisoned, the third, sible proposals for a permanent settle- lems than it would solve. In particular, Is-
Ernesto (Che) Guevara, dropped out of sight ment to the crisis in the Middle East. I rael cannot be permitted to retain the west
bank of the Jordan River, because this tract,
on March 21, 1965. have received a letter from a professor all as it is, is the only part of HThe key to governmental stability in Cuba of Middle Eastern studies who makes small
m it i s hes Jnly pat all Husayn's
usa kingdo
w is Interior Minister Ramiro Valdez, "the J. what appears to be several sensible pro- tally viablh. The Gaza strip, tar, with its
Edgar Hoover of Cuba-plus," as some dip- pOSals. In order to share these com- large population of Arab refugees, cannot
lomats describe him. ments and recommendations with the very well be absorbed in a Jewish state with-
called ththe set Commit- a Senate, I ask unanimous consent that a out great further hardship to these people.
Under
system stemValdez
neighborhood Under Russian spy guidance,
tee for the he Defense of Revolution. This group letter from Prof. R. Stephen Humphreys II. Israel has a legitimate interest in se-
gives out free polio shots, issues ration cards of the Department of Near Eastern Lan- curing herself from further commando raids
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 8 8794 Approved For - 9B0 00200300009-2
~~~~pp R~~AL'LCTKI~ SINN
E Jvme 23, 1967
~iom the Arab side of the line, and therefore I shall conclude by noting that last week's bursement to the patient for transmission to
would recommend a system of broad demili- war was the product of fifty years of mutual the doctor.
ized zones. These would remain under the hostility and contempt between Arab and
ministrations of the countries out of which Jew. We cannot expect that the arrange- Obviously, Mr. Presi(: ent, this kind of
ey were carved, but they would be. pa- meats which I have outlined above, or any situation cannot and should not be al-
' olied by U.N. security forces, whose presence others, will do away with this heritage. lowed to continue. It a s strange indeed
''ould have to be guaranteed by internation- Nevertheless, i feel that we can no longer that a measure, the puri'Ose of which was
id agreement. It should be clear that the afford the luxury of avoiding an attempt to
il)untries which administered these districts bring this confrontation to an end. Those to relifor eve the financial strain and haras
ould have full economic, political, and fis- of us who are students of the Near East often ship resulted many of ours Seizi citizens, has
1 rights in them. Tentatively, I would sug- comment that only Israel unites the Arabs
resulted in some Cases it+$eartache,frUS-
rest the following demilitarized zones: all but we know that is not the case. The Pal- tration, and hardship. The bill that I in-
liarts of Jordan west of the Jordan River; on estine problem is the thing which most of troduce will eliminate taus hardship.
1he rest of Israel's eastern border, Jordanian all rends the Arab world and turns its mem- My bill, Mr. Presldeil.t, would permit
and Syrian troops would withdraw east of bers against themselves. It is the thing which the patient to be reimbu rsed on the basis
s> line marked by Qneitra, Irbid, Karak, and makes impossible a rational calculation of of an itemized bill. The patient would be
tetra; the Gaza Strip and large parts of east- national goals, agreements between the Arab
eta Sinai, with al-Arish being the closest per- states based on common interests, etc. It by bylp a secure payment from the carrier
njissible Egyptian outpost. Israel is rather is long since time that the United States did paid r ceip an item oL bill instead to narrow a counry for such large with- its utmost to rid the world of this curse. a paid receipt. This wet 1d eliminate the
e
d awals on- its side- of the line, but it too With sincere regards, case illustrated by the 1 estimony of Mr.
ajould remove its armed frontier posts at Hutton and others when, the citizen had
h~ t. R. STEPHEN HUMPHREYS.
This sort of arrangement will certainly to borrow money to pay" his doctor bill. I urge that the Go be most unpalatable to both parties, and is- PAYMENT OF PHYSICIANS UNDER act expeditiously oilnthe b l.
on Finance
ravel especially will not wish to accept it, but MEDICARE
the kind of unmediated confrontation of hoe- _
the forces which has existed for the last Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, I send LUCE SPEAKS TO NATIONAL COAL
twenty years is a severe threat to peace and to the desk a much-needed amendment
local security, and cannot be permitted to; be to the Social Security Act Amendments ASSOCIATION
reinstituted. of 1965. Under art B of medicare, the
III. Jerusalem ought to be in p Mr. BYRD of West Vir',ln1a. Mr. Presi-
iz d if r all po g If be in cannot be Supplemental Medical Insurance Bene- dent, the Honorable C:larles F. Luce,
at . msde to surrender her jurisdiction, then she fits for the Aged, a physician may re- Under Secretary of the L aterior, spoke to
mast provide for free access to the city and ceive payment for covered services in those attending the 50th anniversary
it shrines for all three faiths, and for citi- two ways. These two methods are re- convention of the National Coal Associa-
zees of all states. ferred to as "direct billing" and "assign- tion on June 19, deliver;.ng an effective
Iv. The Straits of Tiran and the Suez ment." Under the latter, the patient and discussion of coal's prom:, sing future.
C National Coal
to eer terribly strained economy. an itemized bill, the patient pays the Week.
7. Some system of arms control must be physician, receives a receipted itemized This week of June 18 tarough June 24
11vir the time
being used to intimidate other Arab States
and to maintain a colonial was against the
villagers of the Yemen and the peoples of the
Arabian Peninsula.
But Israel's danger was great. The military
build-up in Egypt proceeded at an intensive
rate. It was designed to enable E ypt to press
its war plans against Israel while maintaining
its violent adventures elsewhere, In the face
of these developments Israel uas forced to
devote an increasing proportie ii of its re-
sources to self-defence. With th:a declaration
by Syria early in 1965 of the c.octrine of a
"day by day military confrontai !on" the sit-
uation in the Middle East grew darker. The
Palestine Liberation Orgar.,izatic a, the Pales-
tine Liberation Army, the Unifie i Arab'Com-
mend, the intensified expansion- of military
forces and equipment in Egypt, Syria, Leba-
non, Jordan and more remote parts of the
Arab continent-those were the signals of a
growing danger to which we so.ight to alert
the mind and conscience of the world. -
In three weeks between '.14 Ma;: and 5 June,
Egypt, Syria and Jordan, assts bed and in-
cited by more distant Arab Statd>s, embarked
on a policy of immediate and i;otal aggres-
sion.
. June 1967 was to be the mont c of decision.
The "final -solution" was at hat d.
There was no convincing mntive for the
aggressive design which was n :,w unfolded.
Egyptian and Soviet sources ha,re claimed-
and we heard the claim repeater today-that
a concentrated Israeli Invasion of Syria ex-
pressed by troop concentrations was expected
during the second or third wee;;!: in May. No
claim could be more frivolous o: far-fetched.
It is true that Syria was send: ag terrorists
into Israel to lay mines on publ .c roads and,
on one occasion, to bombard the Israeli set-
tlement at Manara from the Leb these border.
The accumulation of such actin: is had some-
times evoked Israeli response, limited in
scope and time.- All that Syria iad to do to
ensure perfect tranquility on its frontier
with Israel was to discourage the terrorist
war. Not only did it not discour tge these ac-
tions, it encouraged them. It gar a them every
moral and practical support. Bu It the picture
of Israeli troops concentrations in strength
for an invasion of Syria in mil-May was a
monstrous fiction. Twice Syria r i.~fused to co-
operate with suggestions made 1-y the United
Nations authorities and accept ad by Israel
for a simultaneous and reciproc al inspection
of the Israeli-Syrian frontier. On one oc-
casion the Soviet Ambassador c 'mplained to
my Prime Minister of heavy troop concen-
trations in the north of Israel. l;:ut when in-
vited to join the Prime Minisiar that very
moment in a visit to any part of Israel which
he liked, the distinguished env y brusquely
refused. The prospect of finding :cut the truth
at first hand seemed to fill bin with a pro-
found disquiet. There is only one thing to
be said about Prime Minister i osygin's as-
sertion this morning that there were heavy
concentrations of Israeli troops c -n the Syrian
frontier in mid-May; the only thing to say
about that assertion is that it . s completely
untrue. There is only one thin;; to be said
about these descriptions of v_ Rages being
burned and inhabitants being slot; these are
false, inflammatory words of prc paganda de-
signed to inflame passions in an area already
too hot with tension. By 9 May t>is Secretary-
General of the United Nations from his own
sources on the ground had ascsrtained that
no such Israeli troop concentra,ions existed.
This fact had been directly cc.mmunicated
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 June 23, 19W proved For R NCZQMQ $ L WtgBOg$D$RQ'0200300009-2 S 8779
to the Syrian and Egyptian Governments.
The excuse had been shattered, but the alle-
gation still remained. The steps which I
now come to describe could not possibly have
any motive or justification in an Israeli troop
concentration in the north which both Egypt
and Syria knew did not exist. Indeed the
Egyptian build-up ceased very quickly even
to be described by its authors as the result of
any threat to Syria. Let us now see how the
design of May and June began to unfold.
On 14 May Egyptian forces began to move
in strength into Sinai.
On 16 May the Egyptian Command ordered
the United Nations Emergency Force to leave
the border. The following morning the reason-
became clear. For on 17 May, at 6 in the
morning, Radio Cairo broadcast that Field
Marshal Amer had issued alert orders to the
Egyptian armed forces. Nor did he mention
Syria as the excuse. His orders read:
-- "1. The state of preparedness of the
Egyptian Armed Forces will increase to the
full level of preparedness for war, beginning
14.30 hours last Sunday.
"2. Formations and units allocated in ac-
cordance with the operational plans will ad-
vance from their present locations to the
designated positions.
"3. The armed forces are to be in full pre-
paredness to carry out any combat tasks on
the Israel front in accordance with develop-
ments."
On 18 May, Egypt called for the total re-
moval of the United Nations Emergency
Force. The Secretary-General of the United
Nations acceded to this request and moved
to carry it out, without reference to the
Security Council or the General Assembly;
without carrying out the procedures indi-
cated by Secretary-General Hammarskjold in
the event of a request for a withdrawal be-
ing made; without heeding the protesting
voices of some of the permanent members
of the Security Council and of the Govern-
ment at whose initiative the Force had been
established; without consulting Israel on the
consequent prejudice to its military security
and its vital maritime freedom; and without
seeking such delay as would enable alterna-
tive measures to be concerted for preventing
belligerency by sea and a dangerous con-
frontation of forces by land,
It is often said that United Nations pro-
cedures are painfully slow. This one, in our
view, was disastrously swift. Its effect was
to make Sinai safe for belligerency from north.
and south; to create a sudden disruption of
the local security balance; and to leave an
'international maritime interest exposed to
almost certain threat. I will not say anything
of the compulsions which may have led to
those steps; I speak only of consequences.
I have already said that Israel's attitude to
the .peace-keeping functions of the United
Nations has been traumatically affected by
this experience. What is the use of a fire
brigade which vanishes from the scene as
soon as the first smoke and flames appear?
Is it surprising that we are resolved never
again to allow a vital Israeli interest and
our very security to rest on such a fragile
foundation?
The clouds now gathered thick and fast.
Between 14 May and 23 May, Egyptian con-
centrations in Sinai increased day by day.
Israel took corresponding precautionary
measures. In the absence of an agreement
to the contrary, it is of course legal for any
State to place its armies wherever it chooses
in its territory. But it is equally true that
nothing could be more uncongenial to the
prospect of peace than to have large armies
facing each other across a narrow space, with
one of them clearly bent on an early assault.
For the purpose of the concentration was not
in doubt. On 18 May, at 24 hours, the Cairo
Radio Saut El Arab published the following
Order of the Day by Abdul Muhsin Murtagi,
the General then Commanding Sinai: .
"The Egyptian forces have taken up posi-
tions in accordance with a definite plan.
"Our forces are definitely ready to carry
the battle beyond the borders of Egypt.
"Morale is very high among the members
of our armed forces because this is the day
for which they have been waiting-to make
a holy war in order to return the plundered
land to its owners.
"In many meetings with army person-
nel, they asked when the holy war will begin
-the time has come to give them their
wish."
On 21 May, General Amer gave orders to
mobilize reserves.
Now came the decisive step, the turning
point. All doubt that Egypt had decided upon
immediate or early war was now dispelled.
For, appearing at an air force base at 6
o'clock in the morning, President Nasser an-
nounced that he would blockade the Gulf
of Aqaba and the Strait of Tiran to Israeli
ships, adding: "The Jews threaten war and
we say by all means we are ready, for war."
On 25 May, Cairo Radio announced:
"The Arab people is firmly resolved to wipe
Israel off the map and to restore the honour
of the Arabs of Palestine."
On the following day, 26 May, Nasser spoke
again :
"The Arab people wants to fight. We have
been waiting for the right time when we will
be completely ready. Recently we have felt
that our strength has been sufficient and if
we make battle with Israel, we shall be able,
with the help of God, to conquer. Sharm-el-
Sheikh implies a confrontation with Israel."
-These are Nasser's words: "Taking this
step makes it imperative that we be ready
to undertake a total war with Israel."
Writing in Al Ahram on 26 May, Nasser's
spokesman, Mr. Hasanein Heykal, wrote, with
engaging realism:
I consider that there is no alternative to
armed conflict between the United Arab
Republic and the Israeli enemy. This is the
first time that the Arab challenge to Israel
attempts to change an existing fact in order
to impose a different fact in its place."
On 28 May, President Nasser had a Press
conference. Indeed, he was now having them
every day. He said:
"We will not accept any possibility of co-
existence with Israel." And on the following
day:
"If we have succeeded to restore the situ-
ation to what it was before 1956, there is
no doubt that God will help us and will
inspire us to restore the situation to what
it was prior to 1948."
There are various ways of threatening
Israel's liquidation. Few ways could be clear-
er than to ask to move the clock of history
back to before 1948, the date of Israel's
establishment.
The troop concentrations and blockade
were now to be accompanied by encircle-
ment. The noose was to be fitted around
the victim's neck. Other Arab States were
closing the ring. On 30 May, Nasser signed
the defense agreement with Jordan, and
described its purpose in these terms:
"The armies of Egypt, Jordan, Syria and
Lebanon are stationed on the borders of
Israel in order to face the challenge. Behind
them stand the armies of Iraq, Algeria,
Kuwait, Sudan and the whole of the Arab
nation.
"This deed will astound the world. Today
they will know that the Arabs are ready
for the fray. The hour of decision has
arrived."
These are not the words of response to
any anticipated aggression. These are words
of indoctrination about a warlike initiative.
Similarly, on 4 June, Nasser made a state-
ment on Cairo Radio after signing the Proto-
col associating Iraq with the Egyptian-
Jordanian Defense Pact. Here are his words:
"We are facing you in the battle and are
burning with desire for it to start in order
to obtain revenge. This will make the world
realize what the Arabs are and what Israel
is
Nothing has been more startling in recent
weeks- than to read discussions about who
planned, who organized, who initiated, who
prepared, who wanted and who launched
this war. Here we have a series of statements,
mounting crescendo from vague warning
through open threat to precise intention.
Here we have the vast mass of the Egyptian
armies in Sinai with seven infantry and two
armoured divisions; the largest force ever
assembled in that peninsula in all its history.
Here we have 40,000 regular Syrian troops
poised to strike at the Jordan Valley from
advantageous positions in the hills. Here we
have the mobilized forces of Jordan with
their artillery and mortars trained on Israel's
population centres in Jerusalem and along
the vulnerable narrow coastal plain. Troops
from Iraq, Kuwait and Algieria converge to-
wards the battlefield at Egypt's behest. Nine
hundred tanks face Israel on the Sinai
border, while two hundred more are poised
to strike the isolated town of Elath at Israel's
southern tip. The military dispositions tell
their own story. The Southerh Negev was to
be sundered in a swift decisive blow. The
Northern Negev was to be invaded by armour
and bombarded from the Gaza Strip. From
27 May onward, Egyptian air squadrons in
Sinai were equipped with operation orders-
which are now in our hands-instructing
them in detail on the manner in which each
Israeli air field-and they - are pathetically
few in number-were to be bombarded, thus
exposing Israel's crowded cities to easy and
merciless assault. Egyptian air sorties came
in and out of Israel's southern desert to
reconnoitre, inspect and prepare for the at-
tack. -An illicit blockade had cut Israel off
from all its commerce with the eastern half
of the world.
Those who write this story in years to come
will give a special place in their narrative to
the blatant decision to close the Strait of
Tiran in Israel's face. It is not difficult to
understand why that outrage had such a
drastic impact. In 1957 the maritime nations,
within the framework of the United Nations
General Assembly, correctly enunciated the
doctrine of free and innocent passage through
the Strait. When that doctrine was pro-
claimed-and incidentally, not challenged by
Egypt at the time-it was little more than
an abstract principle for the maritime world.
For Israel it was a great but unfulfilled pros-
pect; it was not yet a reality. But during
the ten years in which we and the other
States of the maritime community have re-
lied upon that doctrine and upon established
usage, the principle has become a reality
consecrated by hundreds of sailings under
dozens of flags and the establishment of a
whole complex of commerce and industry
and and communication. A new dimension
has been added to the map of the world's
communications, and on that dimension we
have constructed Israel's bridge towards the
friendly States of Asia and East Africa, a
network of relationships which is the chief
pride of Israel in its second decade and on
which its economic future largely depends.
All this, then, has grown up as an effec-
tive usage under the United Nations flag.
Does Mr. Nasser really think that he can
come upon the scene in ten minutes and
cancel the established legal usage and in-
terests of ten years?
There was in this wanton act a quality of
malice. For surely the closing of the Strait
of Tiran gave no benefit whatever to Egypt
except the perverse joy of inflicting injury
on others. It was an anarchic act, because it
showed a total disregard for the law of na-
tions, the application of which in this spe-
cific case had not been challenged for -ten
years. And it was, in the literal sense, an act
of arrogance, because there are other nations
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in Asia and East Africa which trade with the
Port of Elath, as they have every right to do,
through the Strait of Tiran and across the
Gulf of. Aqaba. Other sovereign States from
Japan to Ethiopia, from Thailand to Uganda,
from C imbddia to Madagascar, have a sov-
ereign right to decide for themselves whether
they wish or do not wish to trade with Israel.
These countries are not colonies of Cairo.
They can trade with Israel or not as they
wish, slid President Nasseris not the police-
man of other African and Asian States.
Wher. we examine, theca, the implications
of this act, we have no cause to wonder that
the international shock was great. There was
another- reason for that shock. Blockades
have triditionally been regarded in the pre-
Charter parlance, as acts of war, and now as
acts of aggression. To blockade, after all, is
to attienpt strangulation-and sovereign
States are entitled not to have their trade
strangl?d,
The blockade is by definition an act of
war, imposed and enforced through armed
violence. Never in history have blockade and
peace existed side by side. From 24 May on-
ward, the question who started the war or
who flied the first shot became momen-
tously :xrelevant. There is no difference in
civil lair between murdering a man by slow
strangulation or killing him by a shot in the
head. Prom the moment the blockade was
imposer:; active hostilities had commenced
and Israel owed Egypt nothing of her Char-
ter rights. If a foreign Power sought to
close Odessa, or Copenhagen or Marseilles or
Montreid or New York harbour by the use
of force; what would happen? Would there
be any discussion about whether a shot had
been fired? Would anyone ask whether ag-
gression-had begun? Less than a decade ago
the Soviet Union proposed a draft resolution
in the 0[eneral Assembly on the question of
defining aggression. The resolution reads:
"In aB international conflict that State
shall bs declared an attacker which first
commits one of the following acts:
(a) Ytival blockade of the coasts or ports
of another State."
This act constituted in the Soviet view
direct aggression as distinguished from other
specified acts designated in the Soviet draft
as indir3ct aggression. In this particular case,
the consequences of Nasser's action had been
fully announced In advance. On 1 March
1957, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, my
predeceimor, announced that:
"InteiTerence, by armed force, with ships
of Israel flag exercising free and innocent
passage in the Gulf of Aqaba and through
the Strait of Tiran, will be regarded by Is-
rael as In attack entitling it to exercise its
lnheren: right of self-defence under Article
51 of the United Nations Charter and to take
all such measures as are necessary to ensure
the free and innocent passage of its ships in
the Gul: and in the Strait."
The representative of France declared
that any obstruction of free passage in the
Strait or Gulf was contrary to international
law "entitling a possible resort to the meas-
ures authorized by Article 51 of the Charter".
The United States, inside and outside of
the United Nations, gave specific endorse-
ment to Israel's right to invoke her inherent
right ofself-defence against any attempt to
blockad?3 the Gulf. Nasser was speaking with
acute precision, therefore, when he stated
that Israel now faced the choice either to be
choked to death in her southern maritime
approaches or to await the death blow from
northern Sinai.
Noboc: who lived those days of Israel be-
tween 2:1 May and 5 June will ever forget the
air of ]Leavy foreboding that hovered over
our land. Penned in by hostile armies ready
to strike, affronted and beset by a flagrant
act of war, bombarded day and night by pre-
dictions of our approaching extinction,
forced into a total mobilization of all our
manpow er, our economic and commerce
beating with feeble pulse, our main supplies
of vital fuel choked by -a belligerent act, we
in Israel faced the greatest peril to our ex-
istence that we had known since our resist-
ance against aggression nineteen years be-
fore, at the hour of our birth.
By the end of May, our children were
building air-raid shelters for their schools.
There was peril wherever Israel looked, and
she faced it in deepening solitude. On 24 May
and on succeeding days, the Security Coun-
cil conducted a desultory debate which
sometimes reached a point of levity. Russian
and oriental proverbs were wittily ex-
changed. On 24 May, the Soviet representa-
tive asserted that he saw no reason for dis-
cussing the Middle Eastern situation at all.
The Bulgarian representative uttered these
unbelievable words:
. at the present moment ther6 is
really no need for an urgent meeting of the
Security Council." (S/PV.1341, page 16)
Those words were spoken on 24 May, one
and a half days after the imposition of the
blockade, whichheld world peace trembling
in the balance. ..
A crushing siege bore down upon us. Mul-
titudes throughout the world began to trem-
ble for Israel's fate. The single consolation
lay in the surge of public opinion which
rose up in Israel's defence. From Paris to
Montevideo, from New York to Amsterdam,
tens of thousands of people of all ages and
parties, groups and affiliations, marched in
horrified protest at the approaching stage of
politicide, the murder of a State. Writers and
scientists, religious leaders, trade union
movement, liberal and labour movements,
and even the communist parties in France,
Holland, Switzerland, Norway, Austria
and Finland asserted their view that
Israel was a peace-loving State, whose peace
was being wantonly denied. In the history of
our generation it is difficult to think of any
other hour in which progressive world opin-
ion rallied in such tension and agony of
spirit to any cause.
To understand the full depth of pain and
shock, it is necessary to grasp the full sig-
nificance of what Israel's danger meant. A
small sovereign State had its existence
threatened by lawless violence. The threat to
Israel was a menace to the very foundations
of the international order. The State thus
threatened bore a name which stirred the
deepest memories of civilized mankind, and
the people of the threatened State were the
surviving remnant of millions who in living
memory had been wiped out by a dictator-
ship more powerful, though scarcely more
malicious, than Nassar's Egypt. What Nassar
had predicted, what he had worked for with
undeflecting purpose had come to pass-the
noose was tightly drawn.
So on the fateful morning of 5 June, when
Egyptian forces moved by air and land
against Israel's western coast and southern
territory, our country's choice was plain. The
choice was to live or perish, to defend the na-
tional existence or to forefeit it for all time.
I will not narrate what then transpired.
From these dire moments Israel emerged in
five heroic days from awful peril to success-
ful and glorious resistance. Alone, unaided,
neither seeking nor receiving help, our na-
tion rose in self-defence. So long as men
cherish freedom, so long as small States
strive for the dignity of their survival, the
exploits of Israel's defence forces will be told
from one generation to another with the
deepest pride. Today, again, the Soviet Union
has described our resistance as aggression
and sought to have it condemned. There Is no
foundation for this assertion, and we reject
it with all our might. Here was armed force
employed in a just and righteous defensive
cause, as righteous as the defenders of free-
dom at Valley Forge; as just as the expulsion
of Hitler's bombers from the British skies; as
noble as the protection of Stalingrad against
the Nazi hordes, so was the defence of Is-
rael's security and existence a ainst those
who sought our nation's ciestru:tion. What
should be condemned is not Israel's action,
but the attempt to condemn it. Never have
freedom, honour, justice, natior,ial interest
and international morality been so right-
eously protected.
While fighting raged on the Eg3-ptian-Israel
frontier and on the Syrian front, we still
hoped to contain the conflict. Jordan was
given every chance to remain outside the
struggle. Even after Jordan had bombarded
and bombed Israel territory at se, eral points,
we still proposed to the Jordani.n monarch
that he abstain from any contini tang hostili-
ties. I sent a message to him t this effect
through General Odd Bull, the United Na-
tions representative, at 12:30 p.m., some
hours after the beginning of Y--ostilities. A
message to this effect reached him several
hours after the outbreak of hostilities on the
southern front on 5 June.
Jordan tragically answered not with words
but with a torrent of shells. Artilery opened
fire fiercely along the whole front with spe-
cial emphasis on the Jerusalem .trea. It was
a day of ordeal and of agony, and of death
and of bereavement in Jerusalem streets.
Thus Jordan's responsibility for the second
phase of the concerted aggressiim is estab-
lished beyond doubt. Surely this responsi-
bility cannot fail to have its c nsequences
in the peace settlement. As dead, and injury
rained on the city, Jordan had become the
source and origin of Jerusalem s fierce or-
deal. The inhabitants of that cal:r can never
forget this fact, or fail to draw its conclu-
sions.
I have- spoken of Israel's deft nse against
the assaults of neighboring States. This is
not the entire story. Whatever happens in
the Middle East for good or ill, or peace or
conflict, is powerfully affected 1.y what the
great Powers do or omit to do When the
Soviet Union initiates a discussion here, our
gaze is inexorably drawn to the story of its
role in recent Middle Eastern his ory. It is a
sad and shocking story; it muss be frankly
told.
There was in Soviet policy a b ref but im-
portant period of balanced fri.ndship. In
1948 the Soviet Union, in the Sec rarity Coun-
cil, condemned what it called "Arab ag-
gression". But in the last fourtei n years the
picture has changed. First of ai,. there has
been the arms race.
Since 1955, the Soviet Union 1 as supplied
the Arab States with 2,000 tanks, of which
more than 1,000 have gone to E;,;ypt. It has
supplied the Arab States with .00 modern
fighter aircraft and bombers; m. -re recently
with ground missiles, and Egyp?; alone has
received from the USSR 54,0 field guns, 130
medium guns, 200 120-mm morta;s, 695 anti-
aircraft guns, 175 rocket launchers, 650 anti-
tank guns, 7 destroyers; a numi er of Luna
M and Sopka 2 ground-to-ground missiles, 14
submarines and 46 torpedo boat, of various
types, including missile-carrying boats. The
Egyptian army has been trained by Soviet
experts. Most of the equipment vas supplied
to the Arab States after th'e Cairo summit
conference of Arab leaders in January 1940,
which agreed on a specific proi;ramme for
thedestruction of Israel; after they had an-
nounced and hastened to fulfill this plan by
accelerating arms purchases fron. the Soviet
Union. The great proportions of Soviet as-
sistance in the military field a,re attested
to by the startling fact that In Sinai alone
the Egyptians abandoned equipment and of-
fensive weapons of Soviet nianufacture
whose value is estimated at $2 b Ilion.
Together with the supply cC offensive
weapons, the Soviet Union has encouraged
the military preparations of the P,.rab States.
Since 1961 the Soviet Union has assisted
Egypt in its desire to conquer Israel. The
great amount of offensive equipme at supplied
to the Arab States strengthens his assess-
ment.
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Thus a great Power, professing devotion to on the west bank of the River Jordan in the encouragement throughout the Arab world
peaceful settlement and the rights of States, Bnot Yaakov Canal project. The Soviet veto of unfounded suspicion of Israel's intentions,
has for fourteen years afflicted the Middle paralysed regional water development _ for the constant refusal to say a single word of
East with a headlong armaments race; with several years. On 29 March 1954, a New Zea- criticism at any time of declarations threat-
the paralysis of the United Nations as an land resolution, simply reiterating United ening the violent overthrow of Israel's
instrument of security; and with an attitude Nations policy against blockade on the Suez sovereignty and existence-all this gravely
of blind identification with those who threat- Canal, was frustrated by Soviet dissent. On undermines your claims to objectivity.?You
en peace against those who defend it. 19 August 1963, a United Kingdom and come here in our eyes not as a judge or as
The constant increase and escalation of United States resolution on the murder of a prosecutor, but rather as a legitimate ob-
Soviet armaments in Arab countries have Israelis at Almagor, on Israel territory, was ject of international criticism for the part
driven Israel to a corresponding though far denied adoption by Soviet opposition. On 21 that you have played in the sombre events
smaller procurement programme. Isael's arms December 1964, the Soviet Union vetoed a which have brought our region to a point of
purchases were precisely geared to the suc- United Kingdom and United States resolution explosive tension. If the Soviet Union had
cessive phases of Arab, and especially Egyp- deploring incidents at Tel Dan, including made an equal distribution of its friendship
tian, rearmament. On many occasions in re- the shelling of Dan, Dafne, Shaar Yashuv. amongst the peoples of the Middle East, if it
cent months we and others have vainly Finally, on 2 November 1966, Argentina, Ja- had refrained from exploiting regional ten-
sought to secure Soviet agreement for a re- pan, Netherlands, New Zealand and Nigeria sions for the purposes of its own global policy,
ciprocal reduction of arms supplies in our joined to express regret at "infiltration from if it had stood in even-handed devotion to
region. These efforts have borne no fruit. The Syria and loss of human life caused by the the legitimate interests of all States, then
expenditure on social and economic progress incidents in October-November 1966"-a mild the crisis which now commands our atten-
of one half of what has been put into the expression of regret at the loss of life by tion and anxiety would never have occurred.
purchase of Soviet arms would have been Syrian infiltration, one of the few resolutions To the charge of aggression, I answer that
sufficient to redeem Egypt from its social and in United Nations history sponsored by rep- Israel's resistance at the lowest ebb of its
economic ills, and corresponding diversion of resentatives from all the five continents. fortunes will resound across history, to-
resources from military to social expenditure Let me then summarize what the proposals gether with the uprising of our battered
would have taken place in Israel. A viable are that have been vetoed: The use of water remnants in the Warsaw Ghetto, as a tri-
balance of forces could have been achieved for irrigation instead of being wasted-veto. umphant assertion of human freedom. From
at a lower level of armaments, while our re- Free passage in international waterways- the dawn of its history the people now re-
gion could have moved forward to higher veto. An expression of regret that Israeli cit- building a State in Israel has struggled
standards of human and social welfare. For izens had been murdered on Israeli soil- often in desperate conditions against tyran-
Israel's attitude is clear. We should like to inadmissible, veto. An expression of regret ny and aggression. Our action on 5 June
see the arms race slowed down. But if the at the bombardment of Israeli villages from falls nobly within that tradition. We have
race is joined, we are determined, for our Syrian guns-impossible, veto. And a reso- tried to show that even a small State and
very existence, not to lose it. A fearful waste lution by eight countries, from five conti- a small people have the right to live. I
of economic energy in the Middle East is the nents, expressing, in the most mild terms, believe that we shall not be found alone
direct result of the Soviet role in the con- regret at the infiltration from Syria and loss in the assertion of that right, which is the
stant stimulation of the race in arms, of human life in October-November 1966- very essence of our Charter.
It seems clear from Arab sources that the the door is closed even to such mild expres- Similarly, the suggestion that everything
Soviet Union has played an alarmist role in sions of condemnation. goes back to where it was before 5 June is
spreading incendiary reports of Israeli inten- Now this use of the veto has had a dual totally unacceptable. The General Assembly
tions amongst Arab Governments. effect. First, it has prevented any resolution cannot ignore the fact that the Security
On 9 June President Nasser said: to which an Arab State was opposed from Council, where the primary responsibility
"Our friends in the USSR warned the visit- being adopted by the Council. The Council lies, has emphatically rejected such a course.
Ing parliamentary delegation in Moscow at has therefore become a one-way street. It was not Israel, but Syria, Egypt and Jor-
the beginning of last month, that there exists Secondly, it has inhibited the Security dan, which violently shattered the whole
a plan of attack against Syria." Council from taking constructive action in fabric and texture of inter-State relations
A great Power is telling Egypt that Israel many disputes between an Arab State and which existed for a decade since 1957. That
is about to attack Syria. This is ten days Israel because of the certain knowledge that situation has been shattered to smithereens.
after the Secretary-General of the United the veto would be applied in whatever was It cannot be recaptured. It is a fact of tech-
Nations has published a'report stating that deemed to be an Arab interest. The conse- nology that it is easier to fly to the moon
there are no troop concentrations at all in quences of the Soviet policy have been to than to reconstruct a broken egg. Some-
northern Israel against Syria. deny Israel the possibility of just and equi- thing organic has been destroyed; something
Similarly, an announcement by TASS of table treatment in the Security Council, and new must be built. Therefore, the Security
23 May states: very largely to nullify the Council as the Council acted wisely in rejecting the back-
"The Foreign Affairs and Security Com- constructive factor that it should be in the ward step now advocated again by the So-
mittee of the Knesset have accorded the affairs of the Middle East. viet Union. To go back to the situation out
Cabinet, on 9 May, special powers to carry Does all this really add up to a construe- of which the conflict arose would mean
tive intervention by a great Power in the that all the conditions for renewed hostilities
out war operations against Syria. Israeli
forces concentrating on the Syrian border Arab-Israel tension? The position became would be brought together again. I repeat
have been put in a state of alert for war. graver when we recall the unbridled invec- what I said to the Security Council. Our
General mobilization has also been pro- Live against the Permanent Representative of watchword is not backward to belligerency,
claimed in the country ... ". Israel in the Security Council. In its words but forward to peace.
There is not one word of truth in this and in a letter to the Israel Government, the What the Assembly should prescribe, in
story. But its diffusion in Arab ears could Soviet Union has formulated an obscene our view, is not a formula for renewed hos-
only have an incendiary result. .. comparison between the Israel defence forces tilities, but a series of principls for the con-
Cairo Radio broadcast on 28 May an ad- and the Hitlerite hordes which overran Eu- struction of a new future in the Middle East.
dress by Marshal Gretchko at a farewell rope in the Second World War. There is With the cease-fire established, our progress
party in honour of the former Egyptian a flagrant breach of elementary human de- must be not backward to an armistic regime
Minister of Defence Shams ed-Din Badran: cency and of international morality in this which has collapsed under the weight of
"The USSR, her armed forces, her people odious comparison-Israel with Hitler Ger- years and the brunt of hostility. History
and Government will stand by the Arabs many. Our nation never compromised with summons us forward to permanent peace.
and will continue to encourage and support Hitler Germany. It never signed a pact with The peace that we envisage can only be
them. We are your faithful friends and we Hitler Germany, as did the. Soviet Union in elaborated in frank and lucid dialogue be-
shall continue aiding you because this is 1939. To associate the name of Israel with tween Israel and each of the neighbouring
the policy of the Soviet nation, its party and the accursed tyrant who engulfed the Jewish States. We dare not be satisfied with inter-
government." people in a tidal wave of slaughter is to mediate arrangements which are neither war
Now this promise of military support came violate every canon of elementary taste and nor peace. Such patchwork ideas carry within
less than a week after the illicit closing of of fundamental truth. themselves the seeds of future tragedy. Free
the Strait of Tiran, .an act which the Soviet In the light of this history, the General from external pressures and interventions,
Union had done nothing to condemn. So Assembly will easily understand Israel's imbued with a common love for a region
much, then, for the arms race and for the reaction to the Soviet initiative in conven- which they are destined to share, the Arab
portrayal of Israel, in anxious Arab ears, as ing this special session, not for the purpose and Israel nations must now transcend their
being poised for some fictitious aggression. of proposing constructive or balanced solu- conflicts in dedication to a new Mediterra-
At the same time, the Security Council's tions, but for the purpose of condemning our nean future in concert with a renaissant
role had been paralysed, for the Soviet Union country and recommending the withdrawal Europe and an Africa and Asia emerging gsaat
has exercised its veto right there five times. to the position and situation that existed last to their independent
Each time a just or constructive judgment before 5 June. of history.
has been frustrated. It is important that we In respect of the request for a condemna- In free negotiations with each of our
should analyse what these vetoes have been. tion, I give a simple answer to the Soviet neighbours, we shall offer durable and just
On 22 January 1954, France, the United Government. That Government's record in solutions redounding to our mutual advan-
Kingdom and the United States_ presented a the stimulation of the arms race, in the tage and honour. But surely the Arab States
draft resolution to facilitate irrigation work paralysis of the Security Council, in the can no longer be permitted to recognize
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 S 872 Approved FCOgM/}k&,pP?R19R000200300~ ~3, 1967
Israel'; existence only for the purpose of plot- We ask the great Powers to remove our, have learned now that, content as we might
ting its elimination. They have come face to tormented region from the scope of global be in our happy land, we can not stem the
face with us in conflict. Let them now come rivalries; to summon its Governments to tides of change that continue to sweep the
face to face with us in peace. build their common future themselves; to rest of the globe. In fact, we cax: only assume
In leaceful conditions we could build a assist the Middle East, if they will, to develop that the changes of the future will be much
new region, with communications running social and cultural levels worthy of its past. more sudden and much more s,'eeping than
from : 8ifa to Beirut and Damascus in the We ask the developing countries to support the changes of the past.
North; to Amman and beyond in the East. a dynamic and forward-looking policy and The first third of the 20th cer:tury marked
The oliening of these blocked arteries would not to drag the new future back into the the emergence of the United St,tee as a ma
stimulate the life, thought and commerce in outworn past. ture, industrial nation, but it w ke marred for
the region beyond any level otherwise con- To the small nations which form the bulk us by our involvement in World War I. We
ceivabn. Across the Southern Negev corn- of the international family we offer the ex- were deeply distressed by that tragic war and
munics.tion between the Nile Valley and the perience which teaches us that small com- disillusioned at the way in which we seemed
Fertile. Crescent could be resumed without munities can best secure their interests by to lose the peace afterward. We seemed to
any change in political jurisdiction. The maximal self-reliance, Nobody helps those conclude that that war was a re cult of diplo-
Kingdom of Jordan, now cut off from its who do not help themselves. We ask the small matic folly and greed on the part of Euro-
natural maritime outlet, could freely import nations, in the solidarity of our smallness, to pean powers and we all but sw,:re we would
and errport its goods on the Israeli coast. help us stand firm against intimidation and never involve ourselves in su ?h problems
On the Red Sea, co-operative action could threat such as those by which we are now again.
expedite the port developments at Elath and assailed. '['his sad experience in the '.rst third of
Aqaba, which give Israel and Jordan their We ask world opinion which rallied to us in the 20th century largely determ ned our for-
contact with a resurgent East Africa and a our plight to accompany us faithfully in our eign policy as we moved; into the second
developing Asia. new opportunity. third of the century. As a r:sult of our
And so the Middle East, lying athwart We ask the United Nations, which was pre- plunge into isolationism we had no adequate
three continents, could become a busy vented from offering us security in our recent policy to deal with the threat it facing our
centre of air communications, which are peril, to respect our independent quest for nation during the rise of fast 1st dictator-
now impeded by boycotts and circuitous the peace and security which are the Char- ships bent on world conquest.
routes,,Radio, telephone and postal commu- ter's higher ends. We are going to do what The second third of the 20th century was
nications which now end abruptly in mid- the Security Council decided should be dominated by World War II as d the emer-
air wc'ild unite a divided region. The Mid- done-maintain the cease-fire-and reject gene of the United States as possibly the
dle East with its historic monuments and the course which the Security Council em- most powerful nation in the w erld and the
scenic beauty could attract vast movements phatically and wisely rejected but a few days singleprotector of the peace, holding its nu-
of travellers and pilgrims if existing impedi- ago. It rejected the concept of returning to clear umbrella over much of L?he civilized
ments were removed. Resources which lie the situation of belligerency out of which the world.
across national frontiers-the minerals of. crisis arose-back to the old situation. Convinced by the experience, leading up
the Dead Sea and the Araba-could be de- It may seem that Israel stands alone among to World War II that we wou d not allow
velopect in mutual interchange of technical numerous and powerful adversaries. But we another military dictatorship to threaten
knowledge. have faith in the undying forces in our na- world conquest, we based our foreign policy
In tie institutions of scientific research tion's history which have so often given the largely on the containment of the expan-
and higher education on both sides of the final victory to spirit over matter, to inner sionist aims of Soviet communism. Regret-
frontie!s, young Israelis and Arabs could truth over mere quantity. ting that we had not stood irm against
join in.a mutualdiscourse of learning. The The Middle East, tired of wars, is ripe for fascism in Ethiopia and. Nazism in the
point ii that the old prejudices must be re- a new emergency of human vitality. Let the Rhineland and in Czecholsola?,aa, we did
placed by a new comprehension and respect, opportunity not fall again from our hands, stand firm against Soviet conrmunism in
born ojl' a reciprocal dialogue in the intellec- _ Greece and in Berlin, and agai 1st its Chi-
tual dcaiain_ In such a Middle East, military nese communist ally in Korea s a part of
budgetp would spontaneously find a less ex- A NEW AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY the United Nations peacekeepini force.
acting point of equilibrium. Excessive sums As necessary and successful a this policy
devoteaL to security could be diverted to de- Mr. MCGOVERN. Mr. President, One of containment was, few think_ rig students
velopmant. of the most farsighted and prudent Views of world affairs think that it -,ill provides
Thus, in full respect of our region's diver- of American foreign policy which has yet an adequate foreign policy for the United
sity, and entirely new story, never known or come to my attention is an address by States in the world today.
told before, could unfold across the Eastern the distinguished Senator from Wiscon- Yet our government continue to talk as
Mediterranean. For the first time in history, sin [Mr. NELSON] to the Unversity of though it does.
no Mediterranean nation is in subjection. All Wisconsin Law School Student Bar As-
the foreign policy to the man in
are endowed with sovereign freedom. The the street is always a difficult a ad frustrat-
challen;e now is to use this freedom for cre- soeiation on May 1, 1967. ing task. Therefore, a beleague,i.red official
ative growth. There is only one road to that Senator NELSON, who is one of our most may be excused if he deals in the strong,
end: tin road of recognition, of direct con- thoughtful foreign policy observers, has simple terms which' people und,::rstand and
tact ard of true co-operation, of peaceful pointed out that the constantly changing if lie draws upon the lessons i>f the past
coexistence. And this road leads to Jeru- world in which we live demands a for- which loom so large in the publ ,'s memory.
salem. eign policy that takes account of new Thus, we find the Secretary -;f State to-
Jerusalem, now united after its tragic di- realities. day stating that the situation we face in
vision, Is no longer an arena for gun em- Vietnam today is the same situaton we faced
placements and barbed wire. In our nation's I ask unanimous consent that this in Greece in 1948 and In Korea tn 1950. We
long hlltory there have been few hours more superb statement by the junior Senator are told that unless we stand ri.rm against
intensey moving than the hour of our re- from Wisconsinbe printed in the RECORD. communism in South Vietnam (es we should
union vtith the Western Wall. A people had There being no objection, the address have stood against Japanese im?;,erialism in
come back to the cradle of its birth. It has was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Manchuria and German Nazism in Europe)
renewed its link with the mystery of its as follows: - we will soon be facing the same communist
origin and its continuity. How long and how hordes in the Philippines or in San Fran-
deep are the memories which that reunion A NEw AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY FOR THE cisco.
evokes. LAST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURY It is this apparent reluctance to face the
For twenty years there has not been free (An address by Senator GAYLORD NELSON to realities of a changing world which, more
access by men of all faiths to the shrines the University of Wisconsin Law School than anything else, has made nie skeptical
which they hold in unique reverence. This Student Bar Association) all along about the wisdom. of o Lr policy in
access now exists. Israel is resolved to give I want to discuss with you the kind of Southeast Asia.
effective expression, in co-operation with the foreign policy which I think we must de- For the simple fact is that the world of
world's great religions, to the Immunity and velop to deal with the problems our nation 1967 is not the world of 1.947. ' I'he central
sanctity-of the Holy Places. will face in the last third of the 20th cen- fact of world affairs today is not the urgent
The F respect of a negotiated peace is less tury. In connection with this discussion, I danger of Soviet expansionism o:r even Chi-
remote than it may seem. Israel waged its Will deal with the problem in Vietnam, but nese expansionism.
defensive struggle in pursuit of two objec- my real desire is to show that American The central fact of world affa Is today is
tives-s-leurity and peace. Peace and security, foreign policy must be broad enough to deal the utter collapse of the monolithic world
with their juridical, territorial, economic and with all the problems of the world and must communist movement and, the emergence
social implications, can only be built by the not become imprisioned in one especially instead of hundreds of indepen,lent drives
free negotiation which is the true essence of serious problem In one especially troubled toward nationalism and self-del ermination
sovereign responsibility. A call to the recent area. In countries throughout Asia, Africa and
combate.nts to negotiate the conditions of . Some thoughtful commentators have said Latin America.
their future coexistence is surely the only that the problem of American foreign policy Those who are still fighting a .0-year-old
constructive course which this Assembly is that it tends to lag behind the times. We battle to contain Soviet commun:-am and its
could take. live in a constantly changing world. We Chinese ally should know that his thrust
Approved For Release 2004/05/25 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300009-2