THE PROGRESSIVE MAGAZINE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300006-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 11, 2004
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: June 21, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

'Approved For Release 2004/05/25 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300006-5
June 21, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S8605 thought
prime examine and evaluate e impact of eco- assist with interested In
nation ucon- t on-gathering functi ntlthatoisttheiCenter's
now eas: working with a sponsorship, hei basic task. The Center also will continue
ilomic policies
America urban is areas.
eric on
tr
Urban
steering committee of mayors to bring to- The Nonprofit profit . Housing Center is the most Urban America's series of special reports,
gether spokesmen for components of the fully operational of Urban America's com- which in the past year have include at i a
coalition-business, education, civil rights ponents, with four regioual offices in addi- Chart Book of graphically depleted
groups, labor unions, and religious organiza- tion to its headquarters staff. Requests for tics on the urban environment; Five
tions. Meetings with each of these groups Its technical assistance come from a wide Speeches, reproducing in permanent form
are aimed at developing an agenda for an range of organizations in major metropolitan major addresses from the September confer-
back proceedings The Troubled Environ
ironment, the sper-
increased national commitment-federal, areas-and also from places such where t r- once;
state, and private-to the cities. cedes, Texas (population 15,000),
The Urban Economic Council will be made Roman Catholic diocese is sponsoring a 100- possum; and a series of guidebooks and
up of three nationally recognized economists. unit rent supplement project. In the Watts analyses produced l?y the Nonprofit Hous-
It will be asked to establish a two-way than- area of Los Angeles, the Center is working Ing Center.
nel between national and local economic with a group of nonprofit sponsors on a de- Issued concurrently with this annual re-
policies. On one hand, it will provide a de- velopment plan and program for construe- port are Wilfred Owen's colorful Fable on
tailed analysis of urban needs and propose tion of new housing on a vacant 116-acre nrab n'strans ort ti n; Necessaandy John G. Hei in r Revolution
the necessary administrative and budgetary site.
measures to meet them. . On On the other her hand, In addition to local church and commu- Housing Finance from the January forum of
it will translate the potential effects of nity groups, the Center's clientele extends the Business and Development Center. In
alternative national policies on local pro- from the National Association of Manufac- preparation are publications on topics rang-
grams. turers to the Southern Christian Leadership ring from open space, to the reorganization of
The Council will appraise the allocation of Conference headed by Dr. Martin Luther urban governments, to the design and work-
economic resources and priorities for federal King. NAM's Center for Independent Action ings of fountains, to case histories of low-
exyenditures, assigning the relative rim- asked assistance in studying the feasibility and moderate-income housing, to a colloquy
portance of urban programs to other na- of a privately financed rehabilitation pro- on urban design that was part of the legis-
tional needs. It also will appraise the eco- gram in Indianapolis, Indiana. For Dr. King's lative history of model cities.
nomic importance of the programs and ex- organization, the Nonprofit Housing Center These publications, and City, are mainly
penditures of local governments to the na- is investigating the possibility of establish- directed to urban specialists. To increase and
a reference service for public,
tional economy, and the potential impact of Corporation a outo sponsors low-income dwellings the Centereacts Interest
business the
fluctuations cities. The Council's first report, to be prepared in an eight-state area. Preliminary discus- press, radio, and television. Regular contact
by an established private, nonprofit agency, lions also are being held with the Appala- is maintained with urban affairs editors and
will provide quantitative estimates to 1975 chian Regional Commission on a multi-state writers on newspapers throughout the na-
of urban expenditures and urban require- housing program, and with the Office of Eco- tion. The reference function of the Center
ca's
ments under a variety of possible situations. nomic Opportunity on its efforts to form also serves as a resource for Ur aniAmericnd
The study will trace historical trends of fed- housing development corporations with di- 80 Local Group
firing
eral, state, and local expenditures on pro- rect involvement of the poor themselves in bus of surban izations that are nohe under
grams that are totally urban, such as mass their operation.
transit; those that are totally non urban, To extend its assistance beyond what a way both to increase the number of these
such as defense; and those that have char- single staff can provide on a project-by- affiliates and the exchange of information
acteristics of both, such as highways. project basis, the Center maintains a pro- among them through Urban America.
onnferenees. It is i - n , i
the Urban Policy Center, which will coordi- about to begin a series
s of potential nonprofit sponsors, with THE PROGRESSIVE MAGAZINE
ith assist- in
g
note the research and writing w
ance from consultants. The Policy Center, cooperation of the Federal Housing Adminis- Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, one of
last of Urban America's components to be tration. The sessions will deal with a variety
staffed, will focus attention on other major of new housing tools, and will include case tthe finest he United journals a s of is public opinion in
issues as well. It might, for example, seek studies on local projects. the s the Progressive
the ate
ways to channel metropolitan development To expand the nation's stock of expertise, egUnit. Founded
in coherent patterns; or propose policies to the Nonprofit Housing Center and the Robert M. La Follette, it has nontinued
encourage urban growth in optimal loca- church-supported Urban Training Center of to be unruffled by the-at times-more
tions; or ask publicly how it might be pos- Chicago are investigating the possibility of popular majority vIt has continued
sible to achieve equitable distribution of holding one-week orientation sessions and to serve for almost view. e 60 years as a source of
m- sem In federal and income. Through seminars and aapers, housing progr
the Center will invite to such issues national center and the U.S. Office of Education also comment on public issues facing our
discussion and debate. are exploring the prospect of developing a Nation.
HOUSING national training program for nonprofit I I am proud to say that the Progressive,
Steadily, in recent years, the flow of fed- housing sponsors and corporations, in co- ably edited by Mr. Morris H. Rubin, is
oral encouragement to nonprofit sponsors of operation with several universities across
the country. still published in Madison, Wis. Through low- and moderate-income housing has in- editorials and
INFORMATION the publication of its
creased. Today, nonprofit sponsors have a a The services that the city requires of its articles the Progressive magazine has
wide and flexible range of assistance pro- professionals Increasingly are cross-disci- certainly lived up to the tradition en-
and they are using plinar services. The model cities program, dorsed by the late Senator La Follette as
thems to use 60 building,
ercen all
each
stem: so 6r housing con- P Y the be
lead strutted under the he Section 221d3, program with its demands for the melding of social tOrial aYe shall kinning now the truth and this
of low-rate mortgage loans is the work of concern with physical planning and design,
nonprofit sponsors. Some have become ex- only formalizes a trend toward realization truth shall make you free."
pert in the process, or have readily available that one set of skills is not sufficient in deal- In the July issue appear &rtiCleS
expertise they can tap. Others, particularly ring with the complexity of development worthy of being read by my colleagues.
first-time sponsors, are lost in the jungle problems. But collaboration among disci-
of complications surrounding housing de- plines requires that each know the thinking, "War and Peace in the Middle East" is
velopment, the mode of practice, the state of research in a brilliant editorial analysis of the Arab-
The prime objective of the Nonprofit Hous- the others. There are at present few effective Israel Confict. I suggest that an article
ing Center is to help the latter group, and means of exchanging this information, ex- by my distinguished colleague, Senator
help it does: in the period covered by its cept under the pressures of the problem at YOUNG of Ohio, entitled "The New De-
latest bimonthly report, it responded to 170 hand. mocracy in Vietnam," should be read by
letters asking information or technical as- In an attempt to fill this need, the Urban short editorial en-
sistance. A growing number were from com- Information Center will launch City, a bi- the titled " entire Morgan Senate. Ni A eves Shors dit al en-
munities interested in organizing private de- monthly review of urban affairs. This annual In a velopment funds or nonprofit housing tor- inrep s oducing its size, tythe first pography,utone,Cand ttion he radios etwo ks.dMr. Morgan geaves
poTheoCe. _ void which will not be easily filled
The Center was created in 1965 as the Lo- range of content. The annual report more a to National Education
cal Development Services Division of Ac- heavily illustrated, however: City's Plus-or- when he moves
TION under a Ford Foundation grant that minus 24 pages per issue will consist mainly Television on a 2-year leave of absence.
was renewed last fall. In October, it entered of relatively brief reports and summaries, The Progressive correctly states that his
into an agreement with the United Church organized by sections. 12 years of broadcasting for the AFL-
of Christ, the United Presbyterian Church in City will be the major headquarters pub-
the U.S.A., the Protestant Episcopal Church, lication of Urban America, reporting its CIO stand as "models of perception,
and the Methodist Church to encourage and activities in the context of urban events and clarity, and courage."
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 Approved For Release 2004/05/25 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300006-5 -
S8606 CONGF ESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 21, 1967
I ask unanimous consent that these oll-r ch country of Saudi Arabia. And the soon, however, to be reversed by the spectac-
articles be printed in the Recoup. Unit d States, true to its tradition of free en- ular military success of the Israelis.
There being no objection, the articles terpi ise, had supplied mountains of arms to A final grievance against Israel held by
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, both sides. Altogether, a recent London Times many western students of the region who
as follows; stud, showed, the nations of Europe and deeply believe in her right to live as a free
[From the Progressive Nort i America have poured almost $3 billion and independent nation is her long-stand-
magazine, July 1967] in armaments Into this highly inflammable ing failure to deal hufnanely and compre-
WAR AND PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST regica since World War II. hensively with the vexing problem of the
Hostilities in the Middle East had come to All the Great Powers, moreover, were guilty estimated 800,000 to 1;000,000 Arab refugees
an end as this was written. Israel arms were of fa ling, despite repeated warnings, to come who were uprooted or who uprooted them-
brilliantly triumphant on every front. Great- to g ips, either in the United Nations or selves when the Israelis took over their por-
ly outnumbered and forced to fight simul- throe gh Pour'Power talks, with the basic tion of Palestine two decades ago. Little or
taneously on three or four fronts, the Israelis issue : which almost everyone knew must one nothing has beer.. achieved in all these
destroyed much of the shiny new military day a Kplode in violent confrontation. The So- years in working out a decent settlement of
hardware given the Arabs by the Soviets and, viets played an especially dangerous game in the claims of Palestinian Arabs who lost
in the process, shattered the morale of the encot.raging Nasser and other Arab adven- their lands and homes to Israel.
Arabs who, only a few days before, had been turer And the United States, obsessed as Three. The Arab World, led by Nasser's
Whipped into a frenzied mob clamoring for a alwal s with deepening escalation in Vietnam, Egypt, rates the decisive share of the blame
holy war to exterminate Israel. ignor ed the danger signals flashing in the for the current crisis. The conflict over the
The speed and scope of the Israeli triumph Midd a East. Indeed, for nearly six months Strait of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba was an
stunned the whole world. Now comes the Presic ent Johnson left vacant the key post important factor but not the governing con-
hard and heavy task of building a peace-a of Assistant Secretary of State for the Near sideration. The hea:rt of the matter was and
peace that may be more difficult to achieve East. When he finally filled the position by is the refusual of the Arab world to accept
as a result of the very magnitude of Israel's givini the job to his ambassador to the UAR, the very existence of Israel, which was Created
victory. Bitterness and hate are everywhere. he le. t Cairo without an American ambas- through the partition of Palestine In 1947-
Despair and devastation dominate the Arab sador for eleven weeks justat the time Nas- 1948, with the blessing of both the Soviet
countryside. None of the basic causes of con- ser w: s brewing his new crisis. Union and the United States. Shortly there-
flict has been resolved by the success of Is- Two. Israel, obliged by hostile encirclement after the new nation was recognized by and
rael's-arms. to pis y a lonely game, has overplayed her accepted as a member of the United Nations.
This is the momentwhen the leaders and hand on occasion. She refused, for example, It is understandable that the Arabs pas-
people of Israel must exercise extraordinary for re isons that seem to us false pride, to sionately resent the transfer of the land that
restraint, as some are. Some hot-headed Is- perms; a United Nations presence on her side is now Israel to the Jews--a transfer made
raelis, however, may continue to demand the of the border after the war of 1956, although without Arab consent and over their bitter
spoils of victory, but the only meaningful Egypt too weak and defeated to resist, con- and violent objections. But #ime, tradition,
fruit of military success for Israel is a peace sentec to such a presence until the current and international agreement have sealed the
settlement that makes possible the patient crisis exploded. Had Israel consented to a settlement of 1947-1948, and the implacable,
pursuit of reconciliation with the Arab world. U.N. p resence In 1956, the withdrawal of U.N. Vengeance-motivated insistence of the Arab
As the late Albert Einstein once said: "Peace forces from Egypt, demanded and obtained leadership that Israel must be destroyed, if
cannot be kept by force. It can only be by Na-- ser, would still have left a United Na- persisted in, could only result in chaos and
achieved by understanding." tions suffer force on the Israeli side of the disaster for all the peoples of the Middle
When hostilities broke out June 5, each border and possibly might have barred the East. The strident competition among Arab
side accused the other of firing the first shot. way tc hostilities. leaders to spew the most hateful epithets on
We tend to agree with Tom Wicker of- the Isra -1, moreover, has unwisely walked out Israel-and their shrill call for a holy war-
strongly pro-Israeli New York Times that of-or failed to attend-meetings of the did much to inflame Arab public opinion to
while history may never be able to make an Mixed Armistice Commissions established by the boiling point.
exact determination, "the presumptive evi- the U sited Nations to resolve specific dis- "Arab children are born with
d cEglogical
dence is that the Israelis launched the actual putes. There have been occasions over the pe
scars," an articulate, well-informe
d Egyptian
fighting." past d leade, too, as the United Nations has told us recently. "They are indoctrinated
This is not to brand Israel as the aggres- detern road, when Israel violently over-re- from the first moment of understanding,"
sor on the basis of the evidence available to acted o border incidents. he noted with approval, "With the convus up to now. If she did fire the first shot, For example, the Israelis over-reacted to tion that their great mission in life Is to
it was only after intense and deliberate prov- Arab provocations late last fall and this past redeem the portion of Palestine arbitrarily
ovation by Arab leaders-and several weeks spring shortly before the current explosion- handed to the anist:s by the Great Powers-
of fruitless haggling by the Great Powers and, ir. the judgment of some competent oh- and to reopen th that land to the Arab refugees
and frustrating paralysis in the United servers may have set fire to the tinderbox now living in hunger and despair."
Nations. Encircled by a bitterly hostile Arab the Ar t,bs had provided. In a demilitarized This strikes us as a criminal incitement
world vowing her destruction, - confronted zone o' Jordan, Israel retaliated to an un- to permanent warfare. Israel, on the map,
with hastily rigged military alliances be- usually severe terrorist attack on her border represents an almost invisible island in the
tween previously feuding Arab nations, faced by burning forty Jordanian homes-al- vast Arab world. T1113 Obliteration of Israel
with total Arab mobilization after the ex- though. to be sure, not until the inhabitants would solve none of the soci..l, economic, and
pulsion of the United Nations Emergency had be en warned. In April this year Israeli political problems that torment the Arabs
Force from Egypt, denied innocent passage aircraft shot down six Soviet-built Syrian today; indeed, the contrived concentration
to and from her vital port of Elath, convinced MIGs t ver Jordanian and Syrian territory. of Arab concern on the presence of tiny Is-
that her very survival was at stake, and left Far me re significant, perhaps, was the May rael provides Arab leaders with a device to
largely alone in heragony by the rest of the declara ;ion by the highest Israeli officials, shift public attention away from their own
World-Israel showed great and commen- includi sg the usually mild-mannered and inability to solve their social and economic
dable restraint until the guns went off. peace-c smmitted Prime Minister Eshkol, problems.
In longer-range terms, none of the three that further border raids from Syria would President Nasser has been described to us e current
\actors in
crIsis-
- result
he invasion ers,, Ifs el,hand the Arab world-camePnto seizurefoftDam scus, and the overthrowtof re somewhat contradictory terms by clly
the court of world opinion with spotless the Syr. an government. respondents whose judgment we usually
hands. Each contributed some of the matches The jittery, unstable government of respect. One American newsman who saw
and the tinder that ignited the fire which Syria-t here have been a dozen changes in him in action ll at during dlose range respon bl pas-
threatened for a time to run out of control. Syria's f;overmnent in eleven years-immedi- year rr two has s him an irMpoasibe ad-
threatened the roles each has played: ately al pealed to Egypt venturer who acquired a Messianic com_
One. The Great Powers, expressing shock 1 P honor her mili- plex. Another correspondent emphasized that
and dismay at first over the war hysteria and troy alh once in the face ce of f this is- grave threat Nasser is basically a shrewd, sophisticated
from Is: ael. President Nasser, who had often pro-
then over the war itself that swept through proclain ;ed his Implacable hostility to Israel leader who has sought to forge a more pro-
the Middle East, were guilty of massive and had long waited in the wings to reassert gressive program at home thanthe royalist
hypocrisy. For it was they who had raced his clan n to leadership of the Arab world, reactionaries in some of the other areas of
each other to provide the arms, without bounced onto the stage, ordered the United the Middle East.
which a military confrontation would have Nations peace-keeping forces out of his The results, however, have not been im-
been impossible. The Soviet Union had country, mobilized his own forces on the pressive-in significant measure because the
poured hundreds of millions of dollars worth border, feclared the Gulf of Aqaba closed increase in population is outrunning the
of weapons into the trigger-happy hands of to israe; L shipping, and, doubtless much to gains in technology. The great Aswan Dam,
the Egyptians and the Syrians. France had his own surprise at the swift pace of events, for example, which is rising on the Nile
sold a sizable arsenal to the understandably found h mself acclaimed, in the Arab world, with massive Soviet assistance, will add two
anxiety-ridden Israelis. Great Britain had as the Iero and savior who had parlayed a million acres of arable land to the present
deposited nearly a quarter of a billion couple o' Israeli mistakes into a brief politi- total of six million. But when the time
dollars worth of military hardware In the cal triun eph over Israel-a triumph that was comes that Egypt can hope to reap the gains
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 Approved For Release 2004/05/25 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300006-5
June 21, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
of this increase, the population will have
increased to the point where per capita food
production will actually drop below the
'level of January, 1960, when construction of
the 'dam began.
Given this fact of domestic despair, given
the further fact that Nasser's enemies in the
Arab world were taunting him--although he
was long a leader in hostility to Israel-with
cries of "coward" and "paper tiger" in the
face of his relatively moderate response to
Israel's over-reaction to border Incidents,
given the additional fact that his ill-con-
ceived campaign against the royalists has
been bogged down for months in Yemen, and
given the final fact that the Soviets stood at
his side with guns, planes, money, and a
desire to improve their bargaining position
with the United States in the war in Viet-
nam-given all these considerations, Nasser's
recent moves assume a sort of twisted logic
of their own: the desperate design by a leader
in urgent need of a major diversion.
His insistence that the end of Israel was
his real goal brought-for the moment-an
end to domestic conflict in Egypt and his
enthronement-again for only the moment-
as the unchallenged leader of the Arab world.
"We will never accept co-existence with
Israel," he cried to the hysterical mobs.
"Those who stand by Israel are our enemies
and those who stand with us are our friends."
A day or two later, before war broke out,
Nasser described Egyptians as "hotter than
burning coals in awaiting the battle with
Israel." Hearing the clangorous call for a
holy war against Israel, Nasser must have
realized at this point, just before the guns
went off, that he had mounted a tiger he
could not ride.
The wave of criticism that beat down on
U.N. Secretary-General U Thant for with-
drawing the United Nations Emergency
Force (UNEF) from the Egyptian side of the
117-mile frontier with Israel strikes us as
largely unjustified, Our considerable con-
fidence in him is unshaken.
U Thant did not "shoot from the hip" as
some of his critics have contended. He con-
sulted for hours with his advisers in the
Secretariat, including Ralph Bunehe, who
advised the Secretary-General that he had
no alternative but to comply with Egypt's
demand.
It is true that Thant might have stalled
for a day or two, but with results that would
doubtless have been much the same, except
that there might have been bloodshed if
runaway mobs of emotionally-charged
Egyptians had attacked the lightly-armed
UNEF forces.
Moreover, two of the nations with the
largest contingents in the UNEF, India and
Yugoslavia, whose troops constituted nearly
half the force, were unwilling to maintain
them against Egypt's wishes and demanded
the immediate withdrawal of their men,
which they had every right to do.
The UNEF, it must be remembered, was
placed on Egyptian soil in 1956 solely with
Egypt's consent. Israel had refused at the
time to permit a similar force on her side of
the frontier. This, too, made U Thant's posi-
tion extremely difficult and delicate, if not
untenable, when Nasser demanded immedi-
ate withdrawal of the UNEF.
"It may be pointed out in passing," Mr,
Thant said afterwards, "that over the years
UNEF dealt with numerous Infiltrators com-
ing from the Israeli as well as from the
United Arab Republic side of the line.
"It would hardly be logical," the Secretary-
General continued, "to take the position
that, because UNEF has maintained relative
quiet along the line for more than ten years,
due in large measure to the cooperation of
the United Arab Republic authorities, the
UAR government should now be told that it
cannot unilaterally seek the removal of the
force."
It has only lately been revealed, by a source
James A. Wechsler described in The New
York Post as one "whose integrity is beyond
challenge," that in the tense hours proceed-
ing his decision to pull the UNEF out of
Egypt, Thant addressed an urgent secret plea
to Israel to allow the transfer of the UNEF
contingent to the Israeli side of the border.
Israel rejected Thant's plea. We suspect that
when all the facts are known, U Thant will
be acclaimed for his even-handed states-
manship in pursuing peace, which is what
his job is all about.
It is reassuring that some of those who
first lashed out at U Thant, including some
Israeli spokesmen, have now greatly moder-
ated their position and understand the un-
deviating commitment of the Secretary-Gen-
eral to world peace and the integrity of the
United Nations. U.S. Ambassador Arthur J.
Goldberg spoke for many thoughtful ob-
servers when he urged that "we should at all
costs avoid wasteful recrimination" on this
subject. Goldberg then went on to praise U
Thant's pursuit of a peaceful solution.
This pursuit of peace in the Middle East
will be extraordinarily difficult. No peaceful
settlement can hope to endure, it seems to
us, that does not include at least these prin-
cipal ingredients:
One. The Arab world must accept the fact
of Israel as a free, independent, sovereign
nation. Isarel 1s a child of international
agreement and United Nations decision.
Even the Soviet Union, which armed the
Arabs for their recent adventures against
Israel, does not dispute her legitimacy, With-
out Arab recognition of Israel's national per-
sonality, there can be no basis for a peace set-
tlement to replace the rickety, long bat-
tered, and now smashed armistice of 1949.
And recognition clearly must encompass Is-
rael's untrammeled right to free and inno-
cent passage of both the Gulf of Aqaba and
the Suez Canal.
This recognition, understandably, will be
a bitter pill for the Arabs to swallow, but
history reminds us that countless "irrecon-
ciliable conflicts" have yielded to the healing
powers of time and tolerance and reason-
and a willingness to live and let live.
Two. The government of Israel, perhaps
with the economic assistance of the Great
Powers, must take prompt, decisive, and gen-
erous steps to indemnify the Arabs who lost
their homes and their lands when Israel was
created. This problem has been neglected far
too long, despite repeated pleas to Israel by
the United Nations for just compensation,
In November, 1982, Mrs. Golds Meir, then
Israel's foreign minister, suggested that her
country would be willing to negotiate a com-
pensation settlement for the Arab refugees-
but only as part of a package deal for a gen-
eral peace agreement to replace the shattered
armistice of 1949. That proposal should be
urgently revived now.
The Progressive does'not suggest that Is-
rael take back all, or nearly all, of the refu-
gees who fled or were expelled two decades
ago. This would place an intolerable strain
on this tiny country's precarious economy,
and it would, moreover, create a critical se-
curity problem for Israel-with a million or
so dissident, revenge-minded Arabs on her
soil. Reasonable compensation to the refu-
gees would enable them to resettle perma-
nently on the friendly soil of their Arab
cousins.
Three. This time, unlike 1956, both sides
should be obliged to accept a substantial
and effective United Nations' presence on
their borders or in neutral, demilitarized
zones-at least until tempers cool and pas-
sions subside. Given the harsh facts of life
in the Middle East, Israel must discard the
false notion that the presence of U.N, peace-
keeping forces on her soil is somehow a re-
flection on the nation's virility and an at-
front to its sovereignty. What is also needed
S 8607
are positive reaffirmations by the United Na-
tions and the Great Powers of the territorial
Integrity of Israel and her. Arab neighbors,
Four. The great powers must agree, for
their own self-interest if for no loftier pur-
pose, to end the arms race in the Middle
East by refusing to sell or give arms to any
country in the region. Instead, working
through the United Nations, the wealthier
and more powerful countries should join
forces to provide significant economic as-
sistance to all nations in the Middle East.
There is doubtless much more that needs
doing, including the internationalization of
Jerusalem, so holy to three great religions.
But these four proposals, we are convinced,
Ile at the heart of the problem of taking the
first patient steps toward transforming this
region of constant conflict and wretched
poverty into One of peace and hope.
From the Progressive magazine, July 1967]
THE NEW "DEMOCRACY" IN VIETNAM
(By Senator STEPHEN M. YOUNG 1)
In 1965, from September 28 to October 19,
I visited Southeast Asia on a mission for the
Senate Committee on Armed Services. Dur-
ing that time, I visited every Air Force base
in Vietnam and also spent a number of days
in Thailand.
Before I visited Vietnam, I had believed
implicitly the statements of Secretary of
State Dean Rusk that we were engaged in
Vietnam because of Communist aggression
from the North. I believed that even though
I had known, because I had read the Geneva
accords, that historically there never were
any such countries as North Vietnam and
South Vietnam, and that the Geneva agree-
ments, which the United States approved
but did not sign, specifically stated that the
separation of Vietnam into North Vietnam
and-South Vietnam was not to be regarded
as a boundary but as a temporary demar-
cation line. Nevertheless, I was taken in by
the repeated statements of the Secretary of
State about aggression from the North, until
I talked at some length with General West-
moreland in Saigon.
In the course of our conversation, General
Westmoreland told me that the bulk of the
Vietcong who were fighting us in the Mekong
Delta, south and west of Saigon, were men
who had been born and reared in the Me-
kong Delta.
Following that, when I was in Thailand,
I was informed by General Richard Stilwell,
second in command of the American forces
in Southeast Asia, that eighty per cent of
the Vietcong fighting us in the Mekong Delta
were born and reared in the Mekong Delta.
I said to him, "General, this, then, is a
civil war in which we are involved."
He replied, "It is an insurrection."
If there remains any doubt as to the na-
ture of the regime we are supporting In
South Vietnam, recent developments should
dispel them. Premier Ky, who was born in
Hanoi, is definitely a Vietnamese "Tory,"
having fought on the side of the French
during the war in Vietnam following World
War II, when France sought to reestablish
her lush Indochinese colonial empire. Our
forefathers would have called him a Tory
because he fought on the side of the colonial
power.
Now, through his performance as Premier
of South Vietnam-a position which he ob-
tained not through elections but through
a military coup engineered by ten generals,
nine of whom were born in North Vietnam
and had fought on the side of the French
% Stephen M. Young, U.S. Senator from
Ohio, is a much decorated veteran, In World
War I he served in field artillery; in World
War II he was in combat service for thirty-
seven months in North Africa and with the
Fifth Army in Italy.
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S 8608 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 21, 1967
colonial oppressors against their own na- t en promises them that no thoroughgoing [From the Progressive magazine, July 1967]
tionals seeking independence-he proves 1b nd reform could be carried out without
daily that his interests lie closer to those c.,mplete compensation to those who have MORGAN MOVES Up
Who have oppressed the Vietnamese people ft r centuries prospered at the expense of the Not since Edward It. Murrow went off the
for centuries than to any real desires and le ndless peasants. air have the broadcastin industry needs of the people he rules. I definitely do not consider this to be a listening public ex perienced g tad the
The United States has furthered this d.'current which is even a step toward democ- they now do with h the the end so g d a loss
travesty on democracy by nd of Edward P.
y y giving it an ap- r. cy or toward a republbic in South Vietnam, M organ's news commentary over the Ameri-
pearance of respectability. Whom are we II deed, how can there be any progress while can Broadcasting Company network. For
trying to fool by advertising the regime we a Aar disrupts civilian life and while we sup- twelve years, with the sponsorship of the
ar
e defending as "free" or "democratic"? pert and perpetuate a military dictatorship' AFL-CIO, Morgan has provided millions of uth
Whom can we convince that
Saigon? What can is on its way to becoming asrep a en ati a ex ec t from Western t democracy when$itt is o f the news weekday
will y night with models democracy since the Constituent Assembly the onws that will stand d as models o of
made public its constitution? y Prrented to him through our collaborators perception, clarity, and courage.
in Vietnam-the dictatorial Premier Ky, who Morgan has taken a two-year leave of ab-
I suggest we examine this proposed consti- wi s serving in the French Air Force in Viet- Bence from ABC to join the Public Broadcast
tution more closely. First of all, who are its ns m during the years 1946 to 1954, seeking to Laboratory of National Educational Televi-
authors? As the result of a discriminatory he tp restore French colonial oppression of lion. He will undertake a weekly series of
election law, not only members of the Na- its Indochinese a
i
p
r
lummiriration leaders would do well to will be financed by a $10 million Ford Foun-
hibited last fall from running for election he ui the advice of retired Marine Comman- dation grant. Meanwhile, it is regrettable
to the Constituent Assembly. da, It, General David Shoup, one of the na- that the AFL-CIO has no present plans to
The fact is, the Constituent Assembly is tic a's great military leaders. General Shoup continue its radio news program with another
composed primarily of representatives of the sai is
landowning and wealthy classes and close 'It must be a bit confusing, to, to read co NET m of
announced c comparable caliber.
6upporters of the military NET ann that adMorga he
junta that now am f hear about fighting for freedom. Sup- a reporter on its s new sw iseries, Morgan will ill be
rules South Vietnam. To illustrate this fact, poi edly, we have it, and I don't think anyone "involved in investigative reports, incisive
When a genuine agrarian reform law was is ; icing to take it away from us by playing commentary, interviews, and in the develop-
proposed earlier this year only three out of cols and robbers in Southeast Asia. Even so, ment of the innovative and experimental
117 members of the Assembly voted in favor we urge others to fight for freedom. There techniques of bringing relevant information
of it. A number of these "representatives" mar be a little confusion here. We Insist to the public.. ." We expect that Morgan
are themselves military men. They can they should sacrific arms and legs and their will develop programs for NET that will be
hardly be expected to put up a strong op- live s for freedom. In the history of their an- Provocative, illuminating, and superior to
position to the Ky dictatorship. ces ors they've never experienced what we most "public affairs" programs on commer-
As for the new Constitution itself, the exp Set them to understand and fight for.... cial
provisions which appear to guarantee basic " i'hese masses of people and their an- audiences elevision. If his -commercial a t expand the
human rights are granted with one hand cesi ors have always lived where the few have ations, uincrease non public demand for sore
and taken away with the other. For example, eves ything. Everything that is produced by such stations, . Mourbli s coned for more
Article twelve, section two reads: the burdensome labor of the many. And the public enlightenment mayrbe~e en greater in
"Censorship will be abolished except for mai.y have nothing except for the barest the future than in the past.
motion pictures and plays." sub istence and not always that....
Yet, section three of Article twelve states: "I believe that if we had and would keep
"Press regulations will be subscribed by our dirty, bloody, dollar-crooked fingers out PAYMENTS MADE IN NATION'S
law." of tae business of these nations so full of
According to Article twelve, section one: dept essed, exploited people, they will arrive FARM PROGRAMS
"The state respects freedom of thought, at a solution of their own that they design
speech, press, and Mr. have heaMr. President, - re-
does not harm publishing as long as it and want; that they fight and work for. And cently we we have heard comments in the
personal honor, national as- If unfortunately their revolution must be Senate on the Nation's farm program
curitq, or good morals." of tl:e-violent type Who will decide what constitutes a danger to sl .are with the have-nots hb eyep' acefuld payments o more s that re s programs size to
to personal honor, national security, or good method, at least what they get will any e some ar rs t It i size to
morals? The answer is, of course, the same own, and not the American style whch they some farmers than to to big others. I is farmers who
argued
rulers who until now have shown little or no don' want, and above all don't want that big to big
respect for fundamental civil liberties. cram med down their throats by Americans." g payments
Article nine not need them, while little farmers
guarantees reigious freedom If -eat and honest elections were to be held get only little
to all citizens "as long as it does not violate I do' tbt whether those elected would choose For ore than 30 Bata.
years the; national interest and is not harmful to to p:olong the civil war that is now raging policy to has de been
public safety and order or contrary to basic
onti continuously farm a u to provide a
morals." This gives the government virtually wher the y good and 1as been raging since 1946 in Vietnam continuously adequate supply-but not a
carte blanche authority to restrict the free their empire. If the real voicee of South Viet burdensome excess-of food and fiber
exercise of religion. Is this the sort of reli- nam could be heard, it would be asking for products at stable prices fair to both pro-
gious freedom we would consider adequate peace, not military victory. ducers and consumers, without undue
in our country? This provision in the South _
Vietnamese
Vietnamese constitution makes a mockery [Frot I the Progressive magazine, July 1967] ttivelof this p,olic3 ering the vital objec-
the phrase "freedom of religion." Simi- VrETNAM's NEw "DEMOCRACY" If all the vast U.S. land resources are
array, the rights to join labor unions and to
strike, tq organize political parties, and to Even before the new "democracy" becomes used in farm production, and the ad-
meet and form, associations are guaranteed opera Yive in South Vietnam Premier Ky has vancing technology we command is ap-
"n accordance with conditions and prose- given the world some indication of wh
t
li
d
a
he
dures prescribed by law." What sort of bill mean ; by a "free government." An Associated
of rights is this? Itsounds more like the fiat Press dispatch from Vietnam May 15 quoted
of a medieval monarch. Ky as threatening to close Vietnamese news-
On one point, at least, the Constitution paper ; that "create dissension" among the
is straightforward: Article five prohibits people during the approaching presidential
"every activity designed to propagandize or electic n.
carry out Communism." As we have seen in "I 'cant to point out to the press that
the past, this type of prohibition could be from -low until election day any newspaper
extended to almost any form of political op- article creating dissension between the peo-
position to the government whether from pie-ntiliary or civilian-will be censored."
Communists, neutralists, or militant Bud- An even morestartling concept of the "new
dhists. More than likely it would apply to any freedo: n" turned up in an Associated Press
political group whose thinking did not coin- dispat+h from Vietnam May 14, in which
cide with that of the ruling regime. KY' W 10 is himself a candidate for presi-
Interestingly, the one right which is guar- dent, announced that he might respond
anteed unconditionally is the right of pri- "militr rily if a civilian whose policies he
vate property In Article nineteen. The Con- disagre ad with won the election.
stitution bears the stamp of the landowners "If I e is a Communist or If he is a neu-
who drew 't up, and assures that theirinter- tralist, I am goingto fight him militarily,"
ests will remain secure. In effect, Article nine- said th 3 disciple of freedom in Vietnam.
p
e
, our farmers can, and would, pro-
duce more than U.S. consumers want, or
foreign markets will buy
at prices in line
,
with the level of production costs which
American farmers must pay.
It Is certainly not in the national In-
terests to waste land, labor, and produc-
tion costs in turning out unneeded prod-
ucts which then cost still more to store.
Moreover, excess supplies bring ruinous
prices which threaten national pros-
perity-ruinous prices for all producers
alike. -
Nevertheless, the individual farmer
cannot prevent excess production and
ruinous prices in the market by letting
his land and resources go unused, or
partly used. By doing so alone, he only
further reduces the income of his family
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June 21, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
was general agreement that LSD is easily
obtained, especially in large urban centers.
(See testimony of Cohen and Jackson.) Every
witness agreed, however, that there was a
lack of reliable data on the extent of abuse.
Beyond that no research was produced which
shed any light on why students are turning
to drugs. The implication is that research
efforts have been confined to a description of
the theraputic use, to the exclusion of the
"social side effects" which are attendent to
these discoveries. The basic question asked
throughout the hearings was whether the
Federel government was organized in a way
to enable it to meet and deal with scientific
innovations and their social implications.
In an effort to obtain some reliable data
Acting Chairman Kennedy asked the medical
directors of 100 large universities to report
the incidence of use as well as the adverse
side effects. The summary of their reports is
attached. You will note that the estimated
use is less than one percent of the student
population. We feel the reliability of these
reports is reduced by the fact that they are
made on personal college records with the
consequence that the students have a ten-
dency not to utilize college facilities. There
is also the possibility that college adminis-
trators tend to minimize drug problems on
their campuses. We feel, however, that these
estimates are more valid than those made by
the very antagonistic or protaganistic (whose
estimates maybe self-serving).
With regard to the controls over bootleg
manufacturing and distribution, the general
tenor of the testimony leaned toward giving
our present laws a chance to work (the Drug
Abuse Amendments of 1965 just became ap-
plicable to LSD on May 17, 1966) before any
move is made against individuals for posses-
sion. Many witnesses suggested that laws
punishing possession would work to keep the
college student away from the physician if
he was having problems after taking LSD.
It appears that the FDA, under the leader-
ship of Dr. Goddard, will move to control
illicit manufacture and distribution. He
testified that the present framework of the
law gives him the necessary tools to bring
this situation under control, and the Sub-
committee will be overseeing the results of
these efforts as the weeks pass.
Thank you for your inquiry. While we have
no plans for further hearings specific to LSD,
the Subcommittee's undertaking a broader
view of Federal programs for the handi-
capped. We will continue to review the pro-
grams of all agencies as they seek to cope
with the problems specific to LSD and to
these broader considerations.
Sincerely,
JEROME SONO5KY,
Staff Director, General Counsel, Subcom-
mittee on Executive Reorganization.
You will note that in the next to the
last paragraph of his letter Mr. Sonosky
dard on May 22 this year and requested
a progress report. I sent Dr. Goddard a
copy of Mr- Sonosky's letter and re-
quested Dr. Goddard to give me his com-
ments and opinions based on the FDA's
experience of the past year. I further re-
quested any additional factual informa-
tion which Dr. Goddard could provide on
the illicit manufacture, distribution, and
use of LSD, since Mr. Sonosky's letter
nearly a year. earlier had reported the
"absence of facts" seemed to be one of
the few areas of complete agreement
developed during the hearings.
Following is the very detailed and
comprehensive reply which I received,
S 8597
2. TRENDS OF LSD USE
Even though we have no reliable- statistics
on abuse, we believe there has been a sig-
nificant increase in the use of LSD over the
past year.
We also believe that there is a trend to-
ward more frequent and scheduled abuse of
LSD and the other hallucinogenic drugs. Al-
though there does not appear to be a stand-
ard pattern from the standpoint of frequen-
cy of use, our experience tends to indicate
an increase in the regular use of the drugs,
e.g., weekly or monthly, as opposed to a
previous pattern of only occasional use. We
occasionally hear of the daily use of LSD
by misguided individuals attempting to re-
main under the influence of the drug for
weeks at a time.
under date of June 8, 1967, from my in- We believe that there is also a trend to-
quiry to Dr. Goddard: wards the concurrent use of several drugs or
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, sir use on a rotation basis. We have en-
8 ,nco .? countered the use of LSD combined with
to , '^
Was f
ng
ne
Hon. CARL T. CURTIs,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR CVRTIS;`ThiS is in answer to
your letter of Mandl?, 1967, giving you a
progress report foar the drug, LSD.
1. LSD USE IN;TERMS OF AVAILABLE STATISTICS
Unfortuq. dely, we do not have reliable
statistics/on the amount of LSD used
in th
natio
we have seen various figures quoted
popular press in which the estimated
violates many State s. Our experience
shows that, generally, the,'ndividual users
of the hallucinogenic drugs ke every ef-
fort to hide their use from enfo ment offi-
cials. They normally came to the ttention
of the authorities only when they see treat-
ment for adverse reactions to the dru s, or
when their use has resulted in suit es,
homicides, traffic accidents, or other an i-
drugs is also an underground activity in
which both the seller and the purchaser of
the drugs take great effort 'to insure that
their activities remain hidden from enforce-
ment authorities, making collection of in-
formation extremely difficult.
We have not yet had time to design and
ing program is needed to develo
ful statistics on the extent
of these drugs.
mines. We have also encountered LSD and
other drugs such as dimethyltryptamine,
mescaline, marihuana, and amphetamines
being used in a haphazard rotation fashion
to suit the circumstance of the user's mood.
We are encountering an increasing number
of clandestine laboratories in which the hal-
lucinogenic drugs are being produced, indi-
cating that the increased use of the hallu-
cinogenic drugs is creating an underground
drug manufacturing "industry." These lab-
oratories range in nature from the very crude
to the more sophisticated. For example, we
have recently encountered several varieties
of LSD tablets which have been manu-
factured in clandestine laboratories. The
LSD tablets are being manufactured under
bootleg conditions to satisfy the desire of
users for a product they can purchase with
some assurance that the drug has not been
adulterated or "cut" during its movement
through the illicit channels of distribution.
On March 31, 1967, a 1948 International
truck with cab and insulated van was stopped
by the Colorado Highway Patrol when it
failed to stop at a truck-weighing station
near the Utah border. This truck matched
the description of a truck which was observed
in Craig, Colorado, in the vicinity of a drug
store that was burglarized. The Sheriff of
Moffat County, Colorado, was notified of the
arrest of the truck's occupants, The Sheriff
4 obtained a search warrant for the truck to
look for fruits of the drug store burglary.
During the search of the cab of the truck,
the Sheriff found a plastic bag containing
a powdered substance. The Sheriff requested
assistance from Agents of the Denver Field
Office of the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control.
The powdered substance found in the cab of
the truck, upon analysis, was found to con-
tain 800 milligrams of LSD. In the body of
the truck were found 550 LSD tablets;
dimethyltryptamine (DMT) ; diethyltrypta-
mine (DET) ; mescaline; the precursor for
mescaline; and 20 pounds of powder which
was identified as material one step removed
in the synthesis of dimethyltryptamine. The
contents of the truck consisted of various
laboratory equipment, glassware, chemicals,
and literature containing information regard-
ing the chemical synthesis and pharmacologi-
cal properties of stimulant, depressant, and
hallucinogenic drugs. Some of the equip-
ment in this mobile laboratory was perma-
nently attached to the vehicle. Agents of the
Denver Field Office, in effecting the execu-
tive seizure of the production equipment,
also seized the truck. It is currently stored
at a General Services Administration facility
in Denver, Colorado, The occupants of the
truck were arrested for violation of the Drug
Abuse Control Amendments to the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
3. EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLS
BDAC is mobilizing the support of State
and local law enforcement agencies to help
pfneaning-
the misuse
Administration, under Commissioner
James L. Goddard's leadership, would
move to control illicit manufacture and
distribution. Mr. Sonosky further pointed
out that Dr. Goddard testified the pres-
ent framework of the law gave the Food
and Drug Administration the necessary
tools to bring the situation under con-
trol. Mr. Sonosky said that-
With regard to the controls over bootleg
manufacturing and distribution, the general
tenor of the testimony leaned toward giving
our present laws a chance to work (the Drug
Abuse Amendments of 1965 Just became ap-
plicable to LSD on May 17, 1966) before any
move is made against individuals for pos-
session.
On the basis of Mr: Sonosky's letter
nearly a year earlier, I wrote to Dr. God-
the use of LSD and other hallucinogenic
drugs, we do have enforcement statistics
bearing on the abuse problem.
From May 1, 1966, through April 30, 1967,
the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control made 94
arrests for hallucinogenic violations. This
represents over 36 percent of the total arrests
made by the Bureau during this period.
Eighty-eight of the arrests involved LSD and
six involved other hallucinogens.
From May 1, 1966, to April 30, 1967, the
Bureau of Drug Abuse Control opened 460
Investigations which involved the illicit
manufacture and/or distribution of the hal-
lucinogenic drugs.
From May 11, 1966, through April 30, 1967,
the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control seized
hallucinogenic drugs in illicit channels of
distribution equal to over 1.6 million dosage
units having an estimated illicit value of
over $2,000,000.
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S 8598
combat the problems of drug abuse. We are
using ourLaw Enforcement Institutes to help
orient police officers to these problems, as well
as the BDAC Bulletin, copies of which are en-
closed.
The control measures we are using are
both direct and indirect. The direct methods,
the enforcement activities, have been de-
scribed above. The powerful but indirect and
long range educational activities will take
greater time to make their effect known, but
we feel they are just as important as the
criminal investigative procedures. Some of
these educational measures are:
(1) The college deans program, which is
a contract between FDA and the National
Association of Student Personnel Adminis-
trators. A national conference was held for
70 deans last November and these educators
then returned to their seven NASPA regions
to plan regional conferences which have just
been completed. Approximately 1,500 college
deans were reached through this program,
and we feel that they are now better equipped
to handle the problem of drug abuse on
campus.
(2) Talks, addresses and speachea are
routinely delivered by BDAC personnel, in-
cluding those field agents whose cover would
not be compromised by appearing in public.
These are given to diverse groups, such as
parents, students, educators, and teachers.
(3) We are now preparing a movie to be
released this summer which we feel will
carry the educational message to the stu-
dents directly on a very wide scale. This
movie will be called the "Mind Benders" and
Is being produced by Vision Associates out
of New York.
(4) Pharmacy leadership conferences are
periodically conducted and letters to phar-
macists and pharmacy groups have been sent
out alerting them to the problems of drug
abuse and encouraging them to increase
their efforts in this area.
(5) We are now preparing an extensive
brochure on LSD for widespread distribution
and feel that It will be an effective educa-
tional tool. It will cover psychology, phar-
macology, the law, and provide a great deal
of information while highlighting the
hazards and dangers of abuse of the hallu-
cinogenic drugs.
(6) We are also developing-our own re-
search program into the social psychological
aspects of LSD abuse, especially among young
people. We are vitally concerned with what
seems to make these borderline or "hippie"
groups tick and the role LSD plays in their
culture. An understanding of their makeup
will allow us to tailor educational efforts
directly to them, increasing the effectiveness
of our educational programs and providing
a better understanding of such groups for
our agents andother enforcement personnel.
4. NEW LEGISLATIVE MEASURES
Legislative measures currently in progress,
or completed, are the following: -
Some states have currently enacted, or are
considering, their own bills for controlling
traffic in LSD, among which are New York,
California, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi,
and New Jersey. FDA offers assistance when
requested In deliberations on such legislation
and has proposed a Model State Drug Abuse
Control Act similar to the Federal legislation,
which states may use to pattern their bills
after, if they so desire. A copy and a summary
of this model control act are enclosed.
S. NEED FOR NEW LAWS
May I assure you that the FDA is watching
the LSD situation very closely and continu-
ally studying the need for possible changes
in the level of controls, sanctions, and pen-
alties against both hallucinogenic traffic and
individual users. At the present time, how-
ever, we do not feel we should recommend
any changes in this area until we are able
to determine the effect of the recent meas-
CONGRESSIO vAL RECORD - SENATE June 21, 1967
urea and pr( grams set up under existing
legislation.
Thank you for your interest in the prob-
lem of drug ibuse control. If we may pro-
vide you with additional information, please
let us know and we shall be pleased to
forward it to you.
Sincerely yours,
PAUL A. PUMPIAN,
Director, Office of Legislative and Gov-
ernmes:tal Services.
As you can see, there is still a woeful
lack of rd able information on the ex-
tent and Us( of LSD and otherhallucino-
genie drugs
I believe, Mr. President, that the evi-
dence set fo -th in these two letters clearly
calls for tw o steps to be taken:
First, the Food and Drug Administra-
tion should begin at once to compile de-
tailed info mation on just how much
LSD and o her hallucinogenic drugs are
being used, particularly on college cam-
puses and in other places where young
people cone regate.
Secondly, the Government Operations
Committee of the Senate should renew
its inquiry into the use of LSD and com-
panion dru s.
As I and rrstand it, these drugs are not
habit forming in the sense that heroin Is.
But there is a growing body of evidence
that indic rtes they may be psychologi-
cally habit forming-that is, that habit-
ual users : can on them as they would a
psychologi ,al crutch. Therein lies a po-
tential dai ger.
I have seen told that as many as 4
million yo -ing Americans are using LSD
either on.. sporadic or regular basis. But
there is n) confirmation of this, no real
evidence it the numbers involved and
the amour tts involved--either in drugs or
dollars. -
And the re is no national assessment of
the dame ge these drugs may already
have don(.
When I asked for factual information
on the we of LSD and similar drugs a
year ago, I was told that a nationwide
survey w(uld have to be made and I was
under tht - definite impression that such
a survey would be undertaken. A year
later we f re told again a survey will have
to be mace to assemblethe required data.
I am highly pleased that, in response
to my int uiry-to the Flood and Drug Ad-
ministration, I received an open and
frank let ter from the agency detailing
what ini armation Is available and ad-
mitting lonestly that not enough evi-
dence has been gathered to date.
It is tine, Mr. President, that we stop
talking sbout the need for a survey and
start dot ig such a survey. Without exact
Informal ion we very easily could be
stamped d-id into taking action we might
later re: ret. Conversely, without such
precise I lformation the Congress might
remain inactive while use of such drugs
became a national health hazard. In
either ei ent, we cannot act wisely with-,
out sucl information.
Some Idea of the magnitude of the
problem Is indicated in the FDA letter
to me. I 'or example, from May 1, 1966,
to April 30, 1967, 94 arrests were made
in conn action with hallucinogenic drug
violations. During the same period, FDA
opened 460 inquiries Into the illicit
manufa ;tore and/or distribution of such
drugs. During that year aproximately 1.4
million dosages of the drugs, with a value
estimated at $2 million, were confiscated.
An underground drug manufacturing
"industry" is springing up as the result
of increased use of LSD and other hallu-
cinogenic drugs, the FDA believes.
The evidence indicates there is wide-
spread, illegal manufacture of LSD and
other hallucinogenic drugs in the United
States. In some instances, the drugs were
manufactured iri modern, well-equipped
laboratories, while in other cases the
laboratories were ferry built and poorly
equipped. -
FDA reported instances of mobile
laboratories being found. One such
mobile unit was stopped near the Colo-
rado-Utah border because of a reported
truck theft. The county sheriff found a
bag of white powder Inside the truck
and called FDA in Denver. It was found
the truck was a laboratory producing
LSD for distribution in the Rocky Moun-
tain area.
This type of cooperaton between local
law enforcement agencies andFDA is a
hopeful sign. I believe that until we do
get solid information upon which to base
action, FDA is doing everything within
Its power to enforce laws already on the
books.
At this point, I do not know whether
new legislation is needed or not. There
appear to be strong State laws and FDA
appears to be doing a good job of enforc-
ing the laws already on the books.
What we really need is a lot more in-
formation. We need to know all there
Is to be known about L,SD, its potential
hazards and its potential for helping the
mentally ill. We need to know whether
the drug has become a real danger or
whether the threat has been over-
dramatized because of our lack of solid
knowledge. We need to know how wide-
spread the use really is, the approximate
amount being manufactured and sold il-
licitly, the extent of use among college
and other youth groups, and the future
impagt.gn Our social system.
CLERGYMEN SUPPORT ISRAEL
Mr. CANNON. Mr, President, more
than 50 clergymen, representing Protes-
tant, Jewish, Catholic, Greek Orthodox,
and Mormon faiths met recently in Las
Vegas and agreed unanimously on a res-
olution on behalf of the State of Israel.
In a letter which accompanied the res-
olution, Rabbi Aaron S. Gold, of Temple
Beth Sholom, expressed the fervent hope
that our Government will act with cour-
age in supporting freedom and justice
for Israel. -
This can be done only by guaranteeing
Israel rights of access to the Suez Canal,
the Gulf of Aqaba, the Mediterranean
Sea, and the Straits of Tiran as a mem-
ber of the world corr. munity of nations.
Certainly, in its heroic efforts to sur-
vive as a nation, Israel merits the ad-
miration and support of all of us for
its courage and tenacity. -
The resolution to which I referred, Mr.
President, was read at two mass rallies
in Las Vegas, attended by more than
1,500 Christians and Jews. It was greet-
ed with standing ovations.
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June 21, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 8599
I urge all Senators to read this resolu- Service would end a controversy over the Mr. President, it is my sincere hope
tion of support for Israel which has the proper treatment of this area that has con- that the views of the court in the Hart-
unanimous for nearly a decade; and ford case may serve as convincing argu-
support of the more than 50 Whereas establishment of such recreation ment to my colleagues for the considers-
clergymen who declared that they "can- area would avoid condemnation of private Lion and passage of colleagues bill. I ask dera-
not be neutral where an Issue of freedom property and the absorption of tax-paying
and justice is involved." I ask unanimous lands by the Federal Government, which mous consent that the text of a dispatch g In
the consent that the resolution be printed would deprive of ell u government and schools r York portiinngm~ fora se, ape ringy be reNew June at this point in the RECORD. Whereas establishment of such recreation duced in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. resolu- Th bo objection, the area would permit continuation of revenues There being no objection, the article
Rion was orrde dereed d to be printed in in n the the received by the United States Forest Service was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
RECORD, as follows: from the sale of timber therein, which would as follows:
CLERGYMEN'S RESOLUTION ON BEHALF OF be discontinued if such, area were under the
ISRAEL jurisdiction of the National Park Service; and CONNECTICUT WELFARE LAW HELD UNCONSTI-
At a meeting held on Friday afternoon, Whereas establishment of such recreation TUTIONAL-ONE-YEAR RESIDENCY STATUTE
June 9, 1967, at Temple Beth Sholom, and area at an early date would permit the OVERTURNED IN U.S. CouaT--39 OTHER
attended by over 50 clergymen, representing United States Forest Service and the State HA STATES FECTune E 18.-A Federal court ruled
Roman Catholic, Mormon, Jewish, Protestant of Oregon to proceed with plans for addi- that a one-year residency rcourement
and Greek Orthodox faiths, it was moved and tional campsites and other tourist facilities today under law Connecticut's regs aid t
unanimously agreed upon to offer the follow- now delayed because of the uncertain future for dependent payments children raw is untonstitutidnto
ing resolution on behalf of the State of Israel, of this area; and
to be presented to the proper agencies of the whereas establishment of such recreation The majority opinion of the three-judge
United States Government and the United area would stabilize conditions in the Flor- panel said the law was unconstitutional be-
Nations: ence-Reedsport-Coos Bay area by removing cause the requirement violated the right of
1. We, as clergymen, cannot be neutral uncertainty as to the future ownership of interstate travel.
where an issue of freedom and justice is in- lands in and near the dunes; now, therefore, The case arose after the Connecticut Wel-
volved. We, therefore, raise our voices to Be it Resolved by the Legislative Assembly fare Commissioner, Bernard Shapiro, denied Nov state unequivocally that we believe the cause of the State of Oregon: benefits teo Vivian
nMarie ot Thom npson last
to for
of Israel is just and right. (1) The Congress of the United States is she had lived st
2. We favor direct peace negotiations and memorialized to enact legislation placing a year. Miss Thompson has two children.
as-
not an armistice between Israel and her under the United States Forest Na- seaedtbbeforeceiving hassistance ere about a Mear
Arab neighboring states, and that these area to be known as the Oregon Dunes
negotiations are to be based on the fact that tional Recreation Area, located south of the ago.
Israel is a sovereign state, meeting with Arab Siuslaw River and north of Tenmile Creek. PURPOSE OF AID CITED
sovereign states, all participants having full The Congress is memorialized further to in- In its 2-1 decision, the court said "the in-
rights and responsibilities in the interna- sure the unqualified continuation odo es- tent of the law was to exclude from benefits
tional community. We further favor a per- tic and industrial water supplies within those who came into the state for the pri-
manent peace settlement as an outgrowth of area. mary purpose of seeking welfare assistance
these negotiations. (2) A copy of this memorial shall be sent and it should be so construed and inter-
3. We favor that the old city of Jerusalem to the presiding officer of each chamber of preted," The minority opinion was written
remain under the sovereign jurisdiction of the Congress, to the Secretary of Agriculture, by Judge T. Emmett Clarie.
Israel, thus insuring free access to all faiths, to the Secretary of the Interior and to each The majority opinion, written by Judges
at all times, to the holy places located there. member of the Oregon Congressional Dele- N. Joseph Blumenfeld and J. Joseph Smith
4. We are in favor of Israel's borders be- gation. said "the right of interstate travel also en-
coming viable and defensible. compasses the right to be free of discourage-
M ement. Denying .
5. We hold that the following waterways FEDERAL COURT UPSETS WELFARE ment of interstate mov
should be international waterways: The RESIDENCY REQUIREMENT even a gratuitous benefit because of her
Mediterranean Sea, The Suez Canal, The exercise of her constitutional right effectively
Gulf of Aqaba and the Straits of Tiran, and Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, On June impedes the exercise of that right," the ma-
we favor free and unmolested passage 15 I introduced a bill (S. 1949) which jority opinion said. Judge Clarie, in his dis-
Father ein Jammesall Adams, nations,Stt. . Johhnn's Go's Greek k ree calls for a Federal statute to require dis- sent, said that 40 states, including Connec-
ticut, have one-year residency requirements
Orthodox Church; Rev. Marion Ben- continuance of state laws imposing resi- in their welfare laws.
nett, Zion Methodist Church; Dr. dency requirements up to one year before MILLION DOLLARS IN AID INVOLVED
Aaron S. Gold, Rabbi, Temple Beth applicants for welfare assistance to the ONE-Fran-MMcGregor, counsel for VOL State
Methodist o Rev. Douglas Harrell, First blind are considered. Welfare Department in the Thompson case,
Ministerial iand President, In a decision handed down by a three- said he had not yet received a copy of the
Rev. Rev. County Joseph y Kohn, Cantor, Temple judge Federal court in Hartford, Conn., court's decision, but he believed that the
Beth Sholom; Father Tally lly H. Jarrett, on June 19 it has now been ruled that welfare be affected by the decision, would
Christ Episcopal Church; Father Pat- residency requirements-such as my bill probably
Ten states, including New York, New Der-
rick Toomey, St. Viator's Catholic would outlaw for the blind-are uncon- and Rhode Island, do not have re w J r-
welfare laws, Mr.
Church; Mr. Reed Whipple, President, stitutional. The decision applied to a sey requirements in their
Stake Day hurch of Jesus Christ closely related area, that of aid to de- McGregor said.
Later DaSaints, Resolution Commit- - pendent children. If the State of Con- Mr. McGregor, who is an assistant state
tee. necticut should appeal to the Supreme attorney general, said that during the course
Court and the decision is upheld, It is of the trial Commissioner Shapiro testified
s
OREGON DUNES NATIONAL likely that the objective of this bill will that o Connecticut $1-million affe liar bfunds
RECREATIONAL AREA be attained through such court action. court's decision.
Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, on be- Whether or not that occurs, the weight He said "it is possible" the state may ap-
half of my colleague from Oregon [Mr. of the decision is very strong as indicat- peal the case to the United States Supreme
MORSE] and myself, I ask unanimous ing the basic correctness of the view em- Court. The welfare commissioner Shapiro
consent to have printed in the RECORD bodied in the bill. State residency restric- is on vacation.
Enrolled House Joint Memorial 7 tions are hampering, unnecessary, and The majority opinion held that Connec-
adopted by the 54th Legislative Assembly inequitable as well as being, in the view ticut states quite frankly that the purpose
of the State of Oregon. of the Federal judges, unconstitutional. of the law is to protect it from "those who
There being no objection, the memorial in the majority opinion of Judges N. come needing relief."
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Joseph Blumenfeld and J. Joseph Smith, Brian Hollander, Miss Thompson's lawyer,
,the right of interstate travel also en- said that under the decision "no state would
as follows: compasses the right to be free of dis- have a residence law in the area of welfare."
HOUSE JOINT MEMORIAL 7 couragement of interstate movement."
(Sponsored Gwinn, Representatives Kennedy, , Bed- As I said in my statement last Thursday, STRATEGIC INSTRUMENT MAY BE
ken, M, cKenzie enzie, Martin, Richards, artin, Skelton, Leielton, , the purpose of my bill was based on the Stepp N R POLAND
ken, M
wWhereas establishment as usband, shadier an.) Oregon sary same outlook, hardship Le., for "to those remove blind unneces- persons Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, just how
Whereas
Dunes National Recreation Area under the who find it necessary or desirable to far our Government is going in its ill-
administration of the United States Forest move from one State to another." conceived bridge building to Eastern Eu-
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 S8600
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 21, 1967
rope through the suicidal formula of sell-
ing and shipping supplies to the enemy
has been demonstrated anew by the De-
partment of Commerce in a recent letter
which responds to my questioning an ex-
port authorized on February 1, 1967. The
article approved for export is a Worden
type gravimeter valued at $10,200, a pit-
tance compared with the value it could
conceivably contribute to Soviet missile
experts who would undoubtedly have
access to the instrument.
Because this exchange of correspond-
ence strikingly illustrates the ineffective
manner in which our export control pro-
gram is being administered, I ask unani-
mous consent that the correspondence
be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the corre-
spondence was ordered to be printed in
the RECORD, as follows:
JUNE 6, 1967.
Mr. LAWRENCE C. MCQUADE,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Domestic and
International Business, Department of
Commerce, Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. MCQUADE: This Is in regard to
the Department of Commerce release con-
taining a list of export licenses approved for
February 1, 1967.
One of the items contained In that release
indicates that an export license has been
granted authorizing the shipment of a grav-
ity meter valued at $10,200 and parts to
Poland. I would appreciate receiving com- pioyed b:' one or two companies here in At the outset I must emphasize my agree-
plete detailed Information concerning to the Unit xi States. I am very skeptical ment with those who believe that compensa-
granting of this license. This should include: that equivalent instruments are pro- tory education is no substitute for integrated
(1) The date application was made. duced in the U.S.S.R. or Poland. If they schools. The term "disadvantaged" however
(2) Complete information as to the type of are, why would they be buying one from Is not synonymous with ethnic identity.
installation or institution which will utilize us? Those who are doubly disadvantaged be-
the instrument. The city or cities in Poland cause of racial discrimination present a spe-
to which shipment is to be made. I am d amply concerned that in all too cial problem which can only be ameliorated
(3) Detailed information concerning the many Instances vital military and stra- by compensatory education.
accuracy of registration; that Is milligals. tegic goo(?s are leaking through the sieve The disadvantaged children who are or
(4) Inasmuch as geodetic instruments are of our so. called export control program. should be the concern of school boards in-
n source of data of value to guided missile SOmethin ; must be done to mend our g clude the racial and ethnic minorities, in-those trajectory determinations, I would appreciate ways, pal titularly in these times when government's whose very families definition t the o f dis-
federal
knowing whether the gravity meter exported the arms mid supplies of Communist naadvantage-but also must include alichil-
in this instance would qualify for such ap- tions feet the flames of war all over the dren whose self concept, social skills and
placation. world.
If, in fact, this ir_Strument is of military attitude towards school and society consign
application, I would appreciate your advis- If this idministration really wants to them to a cycle of defeat, resignation and
ing me as to the rationale of the Department shorten t: ie war in Vietnam and to re- dulling conformity. The child who comes
of Commerce in granting the license for ex- store an (nduring peace in the Mideast from a broken home or the culturally de-
Port? is should summarily and definitely sus- prived product of our intellectual waste-
Sincerely yours, Pend, white the war continues and our land may be disadvantaged regardless of
level KARL E. MUNDT, American casualties continue to pyra- All of these a ectheechildren who challenge
U.S. Senator. mid, all shipments of American supplies us. How do we react?
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, to the C )mmunist countries who are Special programs for the gifted children
BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL COM- giving aid and comfort to our enemy. In our communities usually elicit enthu-
siastic siastic support from local boards of educa-
Washington, D.C., June 3, 1967. tion. These programs are often status sym-
Hon. KARL E. MUNDT, SCHOOL BOARD RESPONSIBILITY bola. In encouraging our more able learners
U.S. Senate, Mr. KZ NNEDY of New York. Mr, positive results are readily apparent. Pro-
Washington, D.C. President, the challenge to our educa- tional aprppeal of gifted
relatively children have the cost. In-
DEAR SENATOR MUNDT: Your letter of June that lower our r-
6, 1967, to Mr. McQuade requested certain tlonal SyEem provided by the disad- riculum tuitively we know that even it our cur-
information
information about an export license granted vantaged hild is a tremendous one. dren I is not meeting their needs the chil-
shipment of one gravity meter and parts There :s the financial challenge- gifted, aged child will ]iwil too muyh.The
valued at $10,200 to the USSR. where will we find the resources to pro- and advantaged c usually learn
The Information Is as follows: vide every child with a first-rate educa- educational sprograams, deiapite some of our
1. The application was received October 6, tion? The: e is the challenge of person- School boards have a more difficult-prob-
1966. nel-how t o we develop a community of lem with disadvantaged 2. The Worden type gravity meter was to g youth programs. be shipped to the Institute of Geodesy and teachers equipped to meet the special These programs are invariably expensive.
Cartography located in Warsaw, for use in edueation2 i needs of the disadvantaged Positive results are not always apparent.
Poland in connection With a geodetic map- child? Th !re is the programing chal- Timage of the board In the eyes of the he programs do not always improve the
major-
ping project sponsored by the International lenge-wh. tt instructional techniques i y of the taxpayers. And too often discour-
Association of Geodesy. and material can most effectively develop aging results can be the outcome of large
3. The reading accuracy of the Worden the intelle(tual potential of all children? expenditures of money arid effort. Yet Iam
meter is 0.01 milligals.
4. meter
you state, geodetic instruments are And flnE lly, there is the challenge of convinced that the accomplishments of
outlook-,% hen will local school boards boards of education must be evaluated by
a source of data of value to guided missile understanc they the degree of their support of and sponsor-
trajectory determinations, particularly when must provide cOmpensa-
supplemented by earth satellite derived Cory progr uns to insure the qualiyS' of for ship disadvantaged children.
gravity data. The major military gravity re- educations. opportunity for all? School boards must demonstrate that the
quirements today, however, are concerned Mr. Ben lard Lang, vice president of principles and concepts underlying the spe-
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with tht effects of gravity on seaborne iner- the board of education in Farmingdale,
tial nai igation and seaborne fire control N.Y. thoughtfully addressed himself to
systems. The subject meter, however, Is not
a seabor is type; it is used only on land. The this last challenge in a paper delivered
necessar , geodetic information for land- recently to the National School Boards
based n ilitary systems also can be deter- Association's 27th annual conference in
mined I Y Russian instruments already in Portland, Oreg. Mr. President, I ask
Poland (r by Canadian gravity meters com.- unanimous consent that the full text of
parable o the Worden meter. Mr. Lang's paper be printed in the
Subset went to the issuance of this license, RECORD.
and bass d on information supplied by In-
telligenc, sources, the applicant was re- There being no objection, the state-
quested )n February 16, 1967 to return the ment was ordered to be printed in the
license t> the Office of Export Control. Cur- RECORD, as follows:
rently, tie license is pending further con- A CHALLENGE TO SCHOOL BOARD
sideratlo: i. The meter has not been shipped RESPONSD3ILrry
to Polanc.
Director, Office of Export Control. presents a challenge to us which expressed
in terms of his need is a plea to school
Mr. M JNDT. Mr. President, it is heart- boards and to teachers: "Listen to me .. .
ening tc learn that the Department is Look at me . . . Pay attention to me ...
now belt telly reconsidering its mistake. Care about mel" Care about me! Do we
What I cannot understand is how the really care?
application can even be given any Every school system country ha-
3' always been eduucaating i disadvantaged is chil-
ther con ;lderation in light of the adnIis- dren in a general sense. The educational,
Sion tha; intelligence information con- social and human imperatives inherent in
flj.cts wi .h the decision to allow ship- the need to eradicate racial discrimination
ment. As I understand it, assembly of an and the onslaught against the effects of pov-
instrument of this caliber is such a dif- erty added a new dimension to what we had
fiCUlt and exacting science that fewer been doing. We were challenged to take a
than a core of sufficiently competent fresh look-and with this new vision to
teChnicia ns can be found in all the world of the disad antaged towards of the education
and that a n these g youth our cammu-