HOW THE MILITARY RULES 8 MILLION GREEKS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290066-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 66
• Publication Date: October 23, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69600369R000200290066-1
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 11 13821
October 23, 1967
Miami would vault to second place in the
movie industry. "It is easier," he explained,
"to bring key New York actors to Miami than
to California. Cost is lower, time is shorter,
and the actors are more receptive to shoot-
ing anywhere than in California."
Actor empathy, however, is only a part of
the answer. Ramon Navarro evidently liked
South Florida. So, for "Tony Rome," did
Frank Sinatra. ,
If it is to grow, the industry greatly needs
local financing. If this is ever forthcoming
in the manner that Wall Street at one time
and the Bank of America at another gave
Hollywood its wad, great things can be ex-
pected of Florida cinema.
Equally important is the labor require-
Ment. Trained production crews are few
outside of Hollywood. While the average
of production workers is 57 there and eet-
heart unions pass jobs down fro father
to son, the California industry i aking up
and training younger people.
The Committee of 21 and th orida Coun-
cil have an understanding wi Lindsey Hop-
kins School which may le to significant
adult training courses for ovie technicians.
Without an ample supply ?f skilled "grips"
and other workers, a domi iled movie indus-
try for South Florida is ? leasant talk, and
nothing else.
With these trained peopl and with a con-
sortium of capital, such a de elopment amid
countless locations, modern cilities and a
matchless, 0,11'10g-free climate, a mine of
pure gold.
BUSINESS COMMUNITY GIVES TS
SUPPORT TO PRESIDENT'S NE
JOB PROGRAM
(Mr. MOSS (at the request of Mr.
MONTGOMERY) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, telegrams are
pouring in from enthusiastic business-
men throughout the Nation, supporting
President Johnson-IS new job program for
the hard-core unemployed.
These farsighted businessmen real-
ize, along with the President, that this
Nation must not forget its rural and ur-
ban poor. They recognize the need of in-
ducing private enterprise to invest its
genius in our slums. They support the
President's efforts to harness the ener-
gies of? business and Government in a
cooperative venture to bring jobs to the
jobless, hope to the neglected, dignity to
the oppressed.
The President's new program presents
the business community with both a chal-
lenge and an opportunity?a challenge to
its ingenuity, and an opportunity for
public betterment along with private
benefit. As the executive director of the
National Rehabilitation Association put
It:
American business large and small has
been a willing and effective partner in as-
suring employment for the [physically and
mentally] handicapped. This Association has
confidence in the capacity of business to
respond equally to this new challenge.
In offering their assistance to the
President, private enterprise is vindi-
cating their confidence President John-
son and this Nation have placed in their
desire to improve life in our ghettos.
Under unanimous consent I insert into
the RECORD a cross section of these tele-
grams to evidence the enthusiasm of the
business community for the President's
new job program:
The PRESIDENT,
The White House:
The National Rehabilitation Association
expresses its appreciation for your proposal
to bring the tremendous resources and ini-
tiative of the private enterprise system more
directly into the national effort to master
the problems of disadvantaged and other-
wise handicapped people. We are convinced
that the successful experience of public and
private programs for the physically and men-
tally handicapped can be, extended to reach
and help those wit t ?es of equally
serious aps. Throughou e 4,7-year
y of the vocational rehabilitation pro-,
gram American business large and small has
been a willing and effective partner in assur-
ing employment for the handicapped. This
association has confidence in the capacity of
business to respond equally to this new chal-
lenge. Let us add also our thanks for your
splendid statement yesterday when you
signed the Vocational Rehabilitation
Amendments of 1967.
E. B. WHITTEN,
Executive Director,
National Rehabilitation Association.
The PRESIDENT,
The White House:
Strongly support your business coopera-
tive action program to promote training and
lobs for hard core unemployed. Cooperation
by Government with the private sector is es-
sential in meeting this problem squarely. I
stand ready to offer whatever assistance I
can to assure success of this most important
project.
The PaEsinsi.ft,
The White House.."--
CRONIN GARTLAND CO.,
ARTHUR D. CRONIN.
Strongly support yofir big and small busi-
ness cooperative action pf'ogKam to provide
training and jobs for hard co]-s1nemployed.
Cooperation between public and pth,ste sec-
tors absolute necessity in meeting th rob-
lem squarely and quickly. I stand read 44,9,
offer what assistance I can.
CHARLES E. BAXTER,
President, Baxter Woolen Co., Inc.
The PRESIDENT,
The White House:
The Society of American Florists, repre-
senting 211 affiliated grower, wholesaler and
retailer florists associations throughout the
country, supports fully the Small Business
Administration's hard core employment pro-
gram. We believe that cooperation of private
and public groups is absolutely necessary
to provide qualified workers for industries
such as ours. Your support will be greatly
appreciated.
JOHN IL WALKER,
Executive Director.
(Mr. MOSS (at the request of Mr.
MONTGOMERY) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. MOSS' remarks will appear here-
after in the Appendix.]
(Mr. BURTON of California ftic the
request of Mr. MONTGOMERY) was
granted permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the Recoil]) and
to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. BURTON of California's remarks
will appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
NEED FOR FURTHER IMMIGHA-
TION REFORM
(Mr. OTTINGER (at the request of
Mr. MONTGOMERY) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
In the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on
numerous occasions?,both in this House
and in talks with my constituents?I
have noted that, while the reforms initi-
ated in the Immigration Act of 1965?
Public Law 89-236?removed many of the
inequities in our heretofore archaic and
discriminatory immigration laws, the
resent law still contains loopholes and
hortcomings which must be corrected.
Numerous barriers still must be over-
come by persons desiring to emigrate to
-.our country or to adjust their status
while already in the United States; fam-
ilies are still needlessly separated with
little hope of being reunited in the near
future; aliens serving with our Armed
Forces in Vietnam must still cope with
lengthy naturalization procedures. A wide
variety of other additional inequities in
our immigration policy are remnants of
earlier, harsher measures.
I have already introduced legislation
to alleviate the desperate situation of
persons presently registered under the
fifth-preference position of worldwide
quotas, particularly those persons under
the fifth preference of the Italian quota.
Today I am introducing a bill aimed
at accomplishing a series of sweeping re-
forms?reforms which are urgently
needed to return the United States to an
immigration policy which both serves the
national interest and continues our tra-
ditional ideals.
At present, if an alien's application for
an immigrant visa is not approved, he
has no other legal recourse than to re-
apply at a later date or have a sympa-
etic Congressman request that the
on:' al application be reviewed. My bill
will e ablish a Board of Visa Appeals,
in the b ? artment of State, which will
be respon ? le for reviewing the denial
of an immig nt visa to a relative of an
American citi or permanent resident
alient, upon the ?etition of such citizen
or alien.
Refugees are resently registered
under the seventh-p ference position of
worldwide quotas an the number is not
to exceed 6 percent of e overall annual
limitation of 170,000. bill establishes
a new policy of grantin asylum to refu-
gees, removes them fro seventh-pref-
erence status, and prov sea 12,000 immi-
grant visas annually ? qualified refu-
gees from all over the orld.
My bill provides. ditional means to
reunite families w ch have been sepa-
rated. For exa e, parents of perma-
nent resident ens would enjoy second-
preferenc atus, rather than no partic-
ular us, as is presently the case.
hese are just a very few of the many
features of my bill which is aimed at fa-
cilitating and assisting persons to emi-
grate to our country rather than to make
it almost impossible in some instances. I
believe this legislation is long overdue.
Aliens seeking to enter our shores have
been humiliated and made to suffer in-
dignities long enough.
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP691300369R000200290066-1 -
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69600369R000200290066-1
October 23, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
Miami would vault to second place in the
movie industry. "It is easier," he explained,
"to bring key New York actors to Miami than
to California. Cost is lower, time is shorter,
and the actors are more receptive to shoot-
ing anywhere than in California."
Actor empathy, however, is only a part of
the answer. Ramon Navarro evidently liked
South Florida. So, for "Tony Rome," did
Frank Sinatra. ,
If it is to grow, the industry greatly needs
local financing. If this is ever forthcoming
in the manner that Wall Street at one time
and the Bank of America at another gave
Hollywood its wad, great things can be ex-
-pected of Florida cinema.
Equally important is the labor require-
ment. Trained production crews are few
outside of Hollywood. While the average
of production viorkers is 67 there and eet-
heart unions pass jobs down fro father
to son, the California industry i aking up
and training younger people.
The Committee. of 21 and th orida Coun-
cil have an understanding wi Lindsey Hop-
kins School which may le ? to significant
adult training courses for ovie technicians.
Without an ample supply ?f skilled "grips"
and other workers, a domi fled movie indus-
try for South Florida is ?leasant talk, and
nothing else.
With these trained peopl and with a con-
sortium of capital, such a de elopment amid
countless locations, modern cilities and a
matchless, smog-free climate, amine of
pure gold.
BUSINESS COMMUNITY GIVES -ITS
SUPPORT To PRESIDENT'S NEW
JOB PROGRAM
(Mr. MOSS (at the request of Mr.
MONTGOMERY) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, telegrams are
pouring in from enthusiastic business-
men throughout the Nation, supporting
President Johnson's new job program for
the hard-core unemployed.
These farsighted businessmen real-
ize, along with the President, that this
Nation must not forget its rural and ur The -
RE.IDENT,
ban poor. They recognize the need of in- The White House:
ducing private enterprise to invest itS The Society of American Florists, repre-
genius in our slums. They support the senting 211 affiliated grower, wholesaler and
President's efforts to harness the ener- retailer florists associations throughout the
gies of business and Government in a country, supports fully the Small Business
_cooperative venture to bring jobs to the Administration's hard core employment pro-
gram, We believe that cooperation of private
jobless, hope to the neglected, dignity to and public groups is absolutely necessary
the oppressed, to provide qualified workers for industries
The President's new program presents such as ours. Your support will be greatly
the business community with both a chal- appreciated.
lenge and an opportunity?a-challenge to
its ingenuity, and an opportunity for
public betterment along with private
benefit. As the executive director of the
National Rehabilitation Association put
It:
American business large and small has
been a willing and effective partner in as-
suring employment for the [physically and
mentally] handicapped. This Association has
confidence in the capacity of business to
respond equally to this new challenge.
business community for the President's
new job program:
The PRESIDENT,
The White House:
The National Rehabilitation Association
expresses its appreciation for your proposal
to bring the tremendous resources and ini-
tiative of the private enterprise system more
directly into the national effort to master
the problems of disadvantaged and other-
wise handicapped people. We are convinced
that the successful experience of public and
private programs for the physically and men-
tally handicapped can be, extended to reach
and help those with . ? t ?es of equally
serious ? ? aps. Throughou e-4.7-year
y of the vocational rehabilitation-pro-
gram American business large and small has
been a willing and effective partner in assur-
ing employment for the handicapped. This
association has confidence in the capacity of
business to respond equally to this new chal-
lenge. Let us add also our thanks for your
splendid statement yesterday when you
signed the Vocational Rehabilitation
Amendments of 1967.
E. B. WHITTEN,
Executive Director,
National Reha_bilitation Association.
The PRESIDENT,
The White House:
Strongly support your business coopera-
tive action program to promote training and
jobs for hard core unemployed. Cooperation
by Government with the private sector is es-
sential in meeting this problem squarely. I
stand ready to offer whatever assistance I
can to assure success of this most important
CRONIN GARTLAND CO.,
ARTHUR D. CRONIN.
The PRESIDENT,
The White
Strongly support yOi/r...Wg and small busi-
ness cooperative action pfog..r_am to provide
training and jobs for hard core-unemployed.
Cooperation between public and filstkp,te sec-
tors absolute necessity in meeting tha..prob-
lem squarely and quiCkly. I stand rea0-442,
offer what assistance I can.
CHARLES E. BAXTER,
President, Baxter Woolen Co., Inc.
In offering their assistance to the
President, private enterprise is vindi-
cating their confidence President John-
gin and this Nation have placed in their
desire to improve life in our ghettos.
Under unanimous consent I insert into
the RECORD a cross section of these tele- [Mr. BURTON of California's remarks
grams to evidence the enthusiasm of the will appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
JOHN H. WALKER,
Executive Director.
(Mr. MOSS (at the request of Mr.
MONTGOMERY) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. MOSS' remarks will appear here-
after in the Appendix.]
(Mr. BURTON of California al" the
request of Mr. MONTGOMERY) was
granted permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the Recoil]) and
to include extraneous matter.)
11 13821
NEED FOR FURTHER IMMIGUA-
TION REFORM
(Mr. OTTINGER (at the request of
Mr. MONTGOMERY) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on
numerous occasions?both in this House
and in talks with my constituents?I
have noted that, while the reforms initi-
ated in the Immigration Act of 1965?
Public Law 89-236?removed many of the
inequities in our heretofore archaic and
discriminatory immigration laws, the
resent law still contains loopholes and
hortcomings which must be corrected.
Numerous barriers still must be over-
come by persons desiring to emigrate to
our country or to adjust their status
while already in the United States; fam-
ilies are still needlessly separated with
little hope of being reunited in the near
future; aliens serving with our Armed
Forces in Vietnam must still cope with
lengthy naturalization procedures. A wide
variety of other additional inequities in
our immigration policy are remnants of
earlier, harsher measures.
I have already introduced legislation
to alleviate the desperate situation of
persons presently registered under the
fifth-preference position of worldwide
quotas, particularly those persons under
the fifth preference of the Italian quota.
Today I am introducing a bill aimed
at accomplishing a series of sweeping re-
forms?reforms which are urgently
needed to return the United States to an
immigration policy which both serves the
national interest and continues our tra-
ditional ideals.
At present, if an alien's application for
an immigrant visa is not approved, he
has no other legal recourse than to re-
apply at a later date or have a sympa-
lketic Congressman request that the
orig. al application be reviewed. My bill
will e
in the
be respon
of an immig
American citi
alient, upon the
or alien.
limitation of 1'70,000.
a new policy of grantin
reunite families w
rated. For exa
nent resident
Refugees are
blish a Board of Visa Appeals,
artment of State, which will
le for reviewing the denial
nt visa to a relative of an
or permanent resident
etition of such citizen
b ?
?
resently registered
under the seventh-p
ference position of
worldwide quotas an
the number is not
to exceed 6 percent of
e oVerall annual
y bill establishes
asylum to refu-
gees, removes them fro
seventh-pref-
erence status, and prov
es 12,000 immi-
grant visas annually
qualified refu-
gees from all over the
arid.
My bill provides
ditional means to
ch have been sepa-
e, parents of perma-
ens would enjoy second-
preferenc
atus, rather than no partic-
ular
us, as is presently the case.
hese are just a very few of the many
features of my bill which is aimed at fa-
? I
?
?
. ?
?
?
cilitating and assisting persons to emi-
grate to our country rather than to make
it almost impossible in some instances. I
believe this legislation is long overdue.
Aliens seeking to enter our shores have
been humiliated and made to suffer in-
dignities long enough.
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69600369R000200290066-1-
.
-rdek
Approved For Release 2001/1, 1/01 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290066-1
1113822 CONORASIONAL RECORD HOUSE October 23 1967
I commend our distinguished ,chair- ment,. and politics, industry, and tech- AFTER THE ARRESTS: How THE MILITARY RULES
man of the Judiciary Committee [Mr. nology by many Irish immigrants and 8 MILLION GREEKS
CELLER1 and the senior Senator from their descendents. However, although (By Maurice Goldbloom)
Massachusetts [Mr. KEDusts,DY3 for taking the Irish have long been one of our The military junta which seized power in
the lead in sponsoring this much-needed largest groups of immigrats, they are Greece last April 21 is still nervous, but with
By now, neither a decision by Ring legislation, and I am pleased to join them now severely restricted as the great ma-
each passing day it is less and less vulnerable.
in this effort. jority of those wishing to come to our Con-
stantine to break with it, nor a decision by
While this measure is directed toward country must apply for a labor certifica- the United States to cut off military aid
Instituting a vast number of needed re- tion in order to obtain permission to would automatically topple it, though either
fOrMS,.-there, is ,one important area not enter, would undoubtedly weaken it.
covered--the question of the labor certi- Unfortunately, we did not foresee this The attitude of most Greeks toward the
fication. Although the hope has been ex- difficulty when. we passed the 1965 Im-
King's role is summed up in a mot that has
pressed that this subject will be consi been going the rounds in Athens: "In thed- migration Act in the 89th Congress, and process of seduction, there is a point at which
erect during the course of hearings on I am sure our colleagues will agree, Mr. a girl must decide whether she is going to
the bill, it contains no specific language speaker, that this inequity can and remain a virgin. The King has passed that
to this/effect. should be corrected with the greatest point with the junta." In his recent appear-
Under the provisions of the 1965 dispatch. Therefore, I am also intro- ances in the United States?in Washington
migration Act, all intending immigrants ducing today a bill which amends sec-
with the President, in Newport for the Amer-
without preference must first secure AP- tion 212(a) (14) of the Immigration and lea's Cup races?Constantine has apparently
Proval, or a labor certificatior4 from the Nationality Act. The effect of this been acting as the regime's envoy. For itspart, the United States, through its initial
Secretary of Labor, stating that their amendment will be to restore more flex- acquiescence, has given the junta the time
admission will not adversely affect Amer- ibility to the currnet law's definition of it needed to dig in.
lean citizens similarly employed, before "skilled workers" and restore the former In other words, the junta, though not
their applications for innnigrant visas labor provisions of the immigration laws noticeably ly ren
cesaoblildymeonrtepeohpeudla. Tr,hdeoceosupsewemas staged
otagedbe
will even receive some initial considera- prior to 1965. In addition, I have added Ino
tion. Governmental studies .haye shown a section to the Celler-Kennedy bill by no more than 200 to 400 officers?out of
that the quality of immigration results which calls upon the Department of some 10,000 in the Greek Army. The ability
of such a small group to seize power without
in the creation of more jobs than the Labor, in cooperation with the Depart- significant opposition was largely the result
immigrants themselves take and, in many ments of State and Justice, to conduct of mistaken identity. Greeks had long been
cotes, the immigrants are liighly skilled a thorough study of the operation and expecting?and right-wing Greeks had been
and can, make major contributions to effect of the labor certification proce- hoping for?a coup by a large, nominally
American science, technology, and in- dure and to report to the Congress on secret, but in fact well-known, organization
dustry. . or before 6 months of the date of the dominated by senior officers known as IDEA.
Prior to December 1, 1965, the effective bill's enactment. But over the years a small, rival organization
date of Public Law 89-236, the burden Mr. Speaker, the time has come when of junior officers, called EENA, had beengrowing up almost unnoticed. At the time of
Of proof rested with the Secretary of we must realistically examine our im- the coup its leadership included only one
Labor, and an alien could enter the migration policies, and remove from our general--Stylianos Patakos, now Minister of
United States unless the Labor Secretary laws discriminatory practices and proce- the Interior?and he had been made a briga-
specifically said "No." At present, how- dures of selecting immigrants, which dier only three months before. The group's
ever, the labor certification requirement amount to nothing more than a stand-
most important leader was Col. George Papa-
for third, sixth, and liOn,Pref dopoulos?who happened also to be the manerence im- ing affront to millions of our citizens and assigned by IDEA to transmit the orders for
migrants stipulates that the Secretary our friends overseas. Public Law 89-236 its coup to its followers throughout the army.
grant specific approval that an alien's went a long way but not far enough. It was EENA that struck, but when Papa-
employment in this country will not ad- Further legislative action is required to dopoulos gave the signal its recipients
versely affect the domestic labor force, demonstrate to the world our dedication
thought they were obeying IDEA. Because
This procedure results in prolonged, often to equal and just treatment of immi-
there was no organized democratic group in
detailed, and generally unnecessary addi- grants, and I urge that my two bills re-
the army, there was no military resistance.
tional paperwork and administration of ceive expeditigps and favorable consid- the weak and demoralized Communists--
the alien employment certification pro- eratio4 6; Because civilian political groups?including
were prepared only for electoral activity,
gram. there was no popular res'.stance.
In a recent report, the Department ofOnce in, the junta lost no time in broad-
State HE MILITARY RULES 8
informed me that? MILLION GREEKS ening its base of military support. Increasing
This requirement [labor certification re-
the officer corps by approximately 10 per cent
quirement] has made it more difficult for (Mr. OTTINGER (at the request Of has enabled it to win the support of perhaps
persons of all nationalities to obtain visas Mr. MONTGOMERY) was granted permis-
twice that many officers through promotions
when they have no relatives in the United sion to extend his remarks at this point and new appointments. Key officers on whose
States who can confer on them a relative in the RECORD and to include extraneous loyalty it could not count were forced to re-
tire. In the army, this purge for the most part
prference status which would exempt them matter.) took place immediately after the coup; in the
from the labor certification requirement or
when they cannot qualify to fill a job in a Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, it is ap- navy, where the coup had received almost no
profession or occupation for which workers palling to me that in all the time since support, the junta moved more slowly. Still,
In the United States are in short supply, democracy has been suspended in Greece by mid-August more than 60 naval officers,
and the Government in the hands of a mostly of high rank, were said to have been
This labor certification requirement removed, and 11 to have been arrested.
military dictatorship, this country has Arrests, indeed, have been the junta's most
has hit prospective Irish Immigrants lodged no formal complaint and, in fact, conspicuous activity. The cases of former
particularly hard. Statistics prove that continues to send military aid under an Premier George Papandreou of the Center
section 212(a) (14) of the 1965 Immigra- agreement concluded with the now-de- Union, his son, Andreas Papandreou, and
tion Act has caused a definite decrease
in Irish immigration to the United posed democratic regime. Mikis Theodorakis, composer of the score for
States. For example, only 860 visas were The junta which took over in April "Zorba the Greek," have attracted worldwide
attention, but there are thousands more, and
Issued to applicants to whom, this section has abolished any signs of democratic the arrests show no signs of abating.
applied from December 1, 1965, through government andseems in no great hurry The original wave of arrests was based
March 31, 1967. Of the over 6,000 Irish- to restore any rights. Concentration largely on an army list of suspects prepared
men who made application for visas dur-
camps have been activated, arrests have nearly 20 years ago; the conspirators had been
Ing the same period of time, only a little run into the,, thousands, and no area of afraid to ask for more recent lists for fear of
over 2,000, or one-third, actually re- Personal or economic life remains free tipping their hand. Thus, many of those ar-
ceived visas, from surveillance, rested in the first sweep were people who,
whatever they might have been in the turbu-
I cannot -see why the Irish should be I would like at this time to insert in lent nineteen-forties, had long since ceased
discriminated against, particularly when the RECORD an article which appeared to be politically active.
one considers the many outstanding in the September 24, 1967, New York Later arrests?which by now certainly out-
contributions made to American science, Times on the facts of "life" in Greece number those of the first wave?have been
religion, arts, and humanities, govern- today. more selective. They affect all sections of the
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Approved For Release 2001111/01 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290066-1
Fo7; Tr 23, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
political spectrum, including parliamentary
deputies, former Government ministers and
several of the country's leading journalists.
They also include a man who criticized the
King in a telephone conversation with his
sister, a bus driver who objected to letting a
soldier ride free and numerous persOns ac-
cused of such offenses as having five or mote
guests in their home or poseessing a mimeo-
graph and not registering it with the police.
Of those arrested at the time of the coup,
more than 6,000 'Vele sent to 'a hastily opened
concentration cam P on the Island of Yiaros.
(Same 1,50-0, Moat of whom had been ar-
rested beeause of their official position rather
than for their, politics, were soon released,
though many remained under house arrest.)
The dovernment has now announded the
opening of a second major concentration
camp On the island- of Leroeto which prison-
ers are being transferred from Yiaros. This
should be an improvement. -
Yiaros is a completely waterless arid barren
island; swept by high winds. I3eforet the coup
it bad an old and unusedprison, with cells
for a few hundred Persons. When the de-
tainees were dumped on the island, the pris-
m vvds used to liOuSe some cd-the 'women.
The other ptisoneta were housed 1ff tents, -25
to a tent, grOuptd in three camps.
Some wetki later, at a time when the
Government claimed to have released about
a third of the prisoners originally there, it
announced plans to construct reservoirs on
the island which would Make it possible for
--each ?prisoner to -reee1W- it liters (a little
less than 4 gallons) of -Water a-day. Clearly,
the Water supply during 'the first several
weeks must have been barely enough for
'drinktiag, let alone -sanitation.
loater, other inielioratione Vete promised.
These included aff imprOvethent in the diet,
Which was said to have consisted mainly of
beans, and the opening of a-canteefi at Which
,,,.#,prisoners could purchase 'additional food and
other- small necessities. Some of these im-
proveineirts may "have taken place. Ti at least
appedrs reasonably certain that the canteen
was ned?since underground channels re-
ported a few weeks later that it had been
closed again. -
- There are inevitable gaps and time lags in
information on Conditions in the varfous
places Of detention, since Yiarosand meat
of the otherA have been barred to journalists
and foreigners. A representative of the In-
ternational Red Cross has, to be sure, been
permitted to Via them. Eut in accordance
with the normal practice of that organiza-
tion, his report was submitted only to the
Greek doVerrinient, which never made it
public.
.The Government did, however, release a
letter in whi-Ch the RedCross representative
aaket!i on humanftarian gieunds that the 250
women confined In the old' prison on Yiards
,be transferred elsewhere, to aceommodations
more appreptriate to their sex. (The circum-
stances of ,this" release .were such that one is
impelled to Wonder if the 't &ern-rani" really
desired :.,t9 ..give. it Wide publicity. In the Greek
,I4overnaient' press office, Officiarieleases-ate-
norMalk laid out on tables, arranged in the
- order of the 'b which tliy They
are TO:van-able in Greek, English, "and French.
17ais? release beano nuyiber, it was not with
the ethers, and it was available' only in
Greek.) I have seen Po'VepOrt indicating that
- suck atransfer has in Tact taken place, al--
thoggh the women may be among those `naw
being moved to Leree.
If cop.C4.19n O'Ylarbs have 1n-Trove-41 in
?4 eTementay physical respects, it appears
tha,g they have recently-Becoiiie-Worse in oth-
er aye. Some MO Of the "most dangerous"
Iitinners- afe--said to 'Rafe been segregated
t.DI,otyakTe.1.1.d to We confined to their
? quarters 2o' hours a MY. During" the four
.)101.1.rs *-hicli they are allowed out, the
other prisoners are confined, in order to pre-
, vent any .centatt between the two groups.
?
And the three camps on the island are kept
isolated from one another.
These changes probably result from the
regime's disappointment at the failure of the
prisoners to break down under Its pressure.
A condition for release is that the detainee
sign a pledge to refrain from "antinational
and anti-Governmental activity." Few
politically significant prisoners have been
willing to sign, regarding it as dishonorable.
Interior Minister Patakos complained to
me: "Some of them are getting more hard-
ened instead of reforming. They have or-
ganized by tents; a leader for each tent, and
a group leader for each 8 or 10 tents. They
have a president for each of the camps, and
a general commander for the whole island.
They have collected 250,000 drachms [a little
more than $8,0001 among themselves, for
what purpose I do not know, but I am sure
it is not a good one."
As one of the "Communist" leaders of the
hardened prisoners, Patakos mentioned
Dimitrios Stratis. When I remarked that the
78-year-old Stratis, a veteran trade-union
leader and left-wing parliamentary deputy
whom I know well, was not a Communist,
Patakos replied: "He calls himself a Socialist,
but he is Communist. In Greece, we have
right people and wrong people. All those who
are against the country are Communists.
Stratis is a Communist in his heart and his
works. They are all liars."
Yiaros and the courts-martial which hand
out sentences of five years for writing slogans
on walls and eight years for lese-majestd are
not the Government's only instruments of
intimidation. Some Greeks beyond the
borders have had their citizenship revoked--
Most notably, the actress Melina Mercouri,
who seems to have come out ahead on the
exchange.
Many persons regarded as potential trou-
blemakers have been taken to police stations
and badly beaten, as a warning, without be-
ing formally arrested; this treatment has
been most often used on students and other
young people. The security police have visi-
ted private employers with lists of "unrelia-
ble" individuals who are to be discharged.
Many people have had their' telephones re-
moved because of their political views; all
have been discouraged from talking politics
on the phone or writing about it to friends
by the knowledge that phones are likely to
be tapped and letters opened.
But the junta has not relied on terror alone
to consolidate its position. Rather, it has
systematically endeavored to entrench itself
in every aspect of Greek life. On the na-
tional level, despite the existence of a nom-
inally civilian Government, an army officer
plays a key role in every ministry?in some
cases as minister, in others as secretary gen-
eral, in still others as a political commissar
Without official title.
The tenure of civil servants has been abol-
-ished; many have been removed for their
ideas, and all have been ordered to pledge
their loyalty to the regime on pain of dis-
missal. The purge has not been confined to
such politically sensitive departments as the
police, where 118 high-ranking officials and
police doctors were dismissed in mid-August.
(Others had been ousted Previously, indi-
vidually or in smaller batches.) It has even
- affected the director of the Byzantine
Museum, an internationally known scholar.
Locally, the regime has destroyed the sys-
- tern Of nanPolitical norriarchs or district
administrators, whose establishment Amer-
ican advisers once regarded as one of their
Major achievements. More than half the
nomarchs have been removed; most of their
replacements are army officers. While assert-
ing its belief in the decentralization of au-
thority, the Government has removed large
numbers of elected mayors and local coun-
cils and replaced them with appointees
chosen in Athens.
Nor has it confined itself to the govern-
1113823
mental sphere. It has seized control of the
Orthodox Church. It has dissolved hundreds
of private organizations and removed the
officers of numerous others, including bar
associations, agricultural cooperatives and
the Jewish community.
The United States Embassy in Athens
clearly does not like the regime, though most
Greeks regard it as responsible for the coup?
an opinion the junta assiduously encourages.
(A skeptical friend remarked to me, after
seeing one of the coup leaders in action,
"Now I believe what you say about the
Americans not being behind the coup; they'd
never have chosen these people!") But the
Embassy also regards the present Govern-
ment as a lesser evil than a revolt against it,
and has therefore placed its hope in per-
suading the junta to practice self-denial and
restore democracy voluntarily. Its influence
is limited, since the junta now feels certain
that the United States will continue military
aid whatever happens. (Some weeks after the
coup, the U.S. did cut off certain items, es-
timated by the Defense Department at 10 per
cent of the total.)
Nevertheless, the Embassy and State De-
partment see great cause for optimism in
the appointment of a committee of jurists to
draw up a revised Constitution by the end
of the year for submission to a plebiscite.
This is supposed to lead to a speedy and
orderly restoration of constitutional govern-
ment.
This assessment appears to contain a large
measure of wishful thinking. The group
named to draw up the new Constitution in-
cluded a few persons of some distinction,
several conservative nonentities and a few
'with rather unpleasant reputations. But the
members were not consulted before their ap-
pointments were announced, and some of the
best-known have refused to serve.
The Goverment's influence on the delibera-
tions of the committee is not likely to be cast
on the side of democratic institutions. While
Premier Constantine V. Kollias has said the
new Constitution will be only slightly
changed from the present one, journalists
close to the junta have called for much more
drastic alterations. Among the suggestions
offered are a ban on political activity by
anyone who has ever cooperated with the
extreme left, a requirement that all candi-
dates have loyalty certificates from the secu-
rity police, and the exclusion from office of
anyone who has ever held foreign citizenship.
The first of these provisions would not only
bar all those in the United Democratic Left
(EDA), a party which contains some hard-
core Communists but also a wide range of
non-Communists. It would also ban most
members of Papandreou's Center Union and
a number of people now on the right?in-
cluding some ex-Communists who hold office
under the junta or are among its advisers.
(For example, Theophylaktos Papaconstan-
tinou, whom the Government has placed in
charge of the press, is a former Communist
theoretician. So is the editor of Eleftheros
Ko,smos, the newspaper widely regarded as
closest to the junta.)
The significance of the second is shown by
a story told by a friend who had served as
an officer attached to the general staff. One
of his duties was to investigate the qualifi-
cations of officer candidates. In the dossier
of one he found a report from the Security
Police: "A. is a dangerous subversive, being
closely associated with the politician Con-
stantine Rendis." At the time of the report,
Rendis, who belonged to the right-center,
was Minister of Public Order and the superior
of the police official who wrote it.
The third proposal is aimed primarily at
Andreas Papandreou, a former American citi-
zen and the man on whom millions of Greeks
rest their hopes for their country's future.
When I asked Patakos what constitutional
changes the Government would propose to
the committee, he mentioned none of these
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CONQRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
? specific points, although he referred in a
'general way to changes in the qualifications
Of deputies. In response to a question, he
added that the Premier named by the King
would still have to receive the support of
a majority in Parliament. He added that
these ideas were merely being considered
very tentatively; the one point on which the
Government was determined was that the
new Constitution must cure all the faults of
the existing system. Apprised of this state-
ment, one diplomat remarked: "That's easy;
all he has to do is change eight million
Greeks."
, Whatever kind of Constitution may emerge
trona' the committee, the problem of imple-
mentation will still remain. The embassy ap-
pears to rely on the King and Patakos?the
Member of the junta who is regarded as most
susceptible to the influence of the palace?
to promote the restoration of a constitu-
tional regime. Patakos, however, does, not
seem to have any such intention. He told
ine: "We are not intereated, in elections; if
we were, We wouldn't have made a rev,olu-
ton, This system we have now is the best
System, because what we have now we nave
achieved with the people's support, so there
IS no need for elections. We have more seri-
ous problems than elections. What we have
done We did in order to aehieve certain ainis,
- _
and When we have achieved these aims, then
We Will have time for elections... . We are
frank people. We are not liars and we do not
Want to make false elections, the way they
do in Russia with 98 per cent; therefore
there will be no elections.
Bu?t even if pa.taxos could be induced to
support a prompt return to constitution-
ality, it is unlikely that he could accomplish_
it. Unlike colonel Papadopoulos, who organ-
ized the coup, Patakos appears to have little
talent for conspiracy or political infighting.
He seems a basically decent if insensitive
man, Whose political. naiveta Is alinpst, in-
credible. (Ile is responoble for most of the
pronouncements which haie brought ridi-
cule on the junta?the bans on miniskirts,
beards, long hair, etc.) A soldier of peasant
origin (a brother is said to be still working
on the roads in Crete), he rose slowly through
the ranks for 37 years, becoming a brigadier
general and commander of the tank school
three months before the coup. Only then
does he seem to have been brought into
the conspiracy?because the tanks he con-
trolled were necessary to its success. one
suspects that he joined partly because of re-
sentment .at the establishment?civil and
Military?on which he blamed his slow pro-
motion (he talks with obvious bitterness of
the 10 years he lingered as a lieutenant
colonel), and partly because he really be-
lieves the moralistic slogans to which others
in the Government pay lip service.
In any showdown between Patakos and
Papadopoulos, the latter seems far more
likely to be the yictor. Indeed, the other
members of the junta may in any case drop
Patakos when they feel strong enough to do
so. He might even end up on Yiaros. If he
should, I would not expect him to sign a
declaration in order to obtain his release,
-
But if the junta does net seem likely to
give rip power Voluntarily, there are factors
which may eventually lead to its downfall.
One is the difficulty of getting competent
personnel to work for if. The population of
Greece Is about the same as that of New
York City, and the proportion of trained
personnel is much lower. If one eliminates
a majority of the population?and a much
larger majority of the well educated?on po-
litical grounds, it becomes difficult to And
competent people for important positions.
Moreover, many whom the junta might be
willing to appoint do not want to serve under
present conditions; in one instance, it has
had to draft a retired official into the artily
in order to make him assume a top post in
a Ministry.
This difficulty may explain some of the
peculiar appointments the Government has
Made. One, particularly strange for a regime
which talks in terms of moral regeneration,
is that of Constantine Thanos as Secretary
General of the Ministry of Coordination and
Alternate Governor of the World Bank, two
of the most important economic posts it had
to fill. Mr. Thanos was, a few years back,
rejected for a teaching post at the University
of Athens because it was discovered that the
thesis he submitted in support of his appli-
cation was a verbatim .plagiarism from a
memorandum by Prof. Benjamin Beckhart
of Columbia. The incident is not the only
one of its type in Mr. Thanos's career.
Hut the Government may well feel that
it cannot look too closely into the moral
credentials of anyone who can help it solve
Its economic problems, for these are very
great, and almost certain to increase. At the
beginning of June, Greece had shortterm
debts of about $20-million more than its
official gold and foreign-exchange reserves.
(Some $100-million in gold sovereigns, the
purchase and sale of which were used to
stabilize the currency internally, did not ap-
pear in the official reserves. The exact amount
in this fund was secret.) And Greefe's three
principal sources of foreign exchafige?emi-
grant remittances (about one Greek worker
in five is employed abroad), tourism and
shipping?all seem likely to drop sharply
this year, as does foreign investment.
In addition, it is almost certain that a loan
of about $100-million which has been prom-
ised by the European Economic Community
will now be postponed, if not canceled. Nor
have the financial prospects been improved
by the resignation of the internationally
known economists Xenophon Zolotas and
Michael Pesmazoglou as Governor and First
Deputy Governor of the Bank of Greece.
No wonder that a former minister says of
Col. Nicholas Makarezos, who as Minister of
Coordination is in charge of economic policy:
"He's the only one of them who thinks seri-
ously about problems; that's why he always
looks worried." The colonel's worries seem
likely to come to a head within the next six
months. By that time, the Government is
widely expected to run out of cash. (It is
already asking for U.S. economic aid.) It
may be able to renew credits as they come
due, simply because creditors will prefer to
keep their loans on the books instead of
pushing them into default. But without new
credits, which seem unlikely, there will have
to be drastic import restrictions and currency
controls, there may be a devaluation of the
drachma and a sharp reduction in the stand-
ard of living.
The political repercussions of such a de-
velopment are unpredictable, It may be that
the opposition will still be too disorganized
to take advantage of the situation, and that
the Government will be able to ride out the
crisis. But it is also possible that students?
who are difficult to control because their lead-
ership is always being renewed?and work-
ers returning from northern Europe, where
many of them have already organized against
the junta, will by then form the basis of an
effective resistance movement. And if the re-
gime is not able to keep up the standard of
living of the armed forces?particularly the
officer corps?trouble could come from that
quarter.
Such a situation could conceivably result
in a countercoup. Or the junta might turn to
a foreign adventure, particularly in Cyprus.
This past summer, there were sounds from
Athens of a new drive for enosis, the union
of Cyprus with Greece. (They produced no
sympathetic echoes among Greek Cypriots.)
Or the regime might seek to rally popular
support by swinging in a Peronist or National
Bolshevist direction. There are already some
signs that it is considering this option. One
is a decree prohibiting any Greek, including
October
23, at,'
employes of foreign companies and interna-
tional organizations in Greece, from getting
more in salaries, allowance and pensions than
the Premier receives?about $18,000 a year.
(The junta issued a decree raising the salaries
of Cabinet ministers substantially, but for-
bade the press to mention it. Some days later
another decree was issued reducing the sal-
aries?but to a point well above their pre-
vious levels. The reduction was then pub-
licized without mentioning the previous
raise.) It has also raised pensions for peas-
ants by about two-thirds. And Agriculture
Minister Alexander Matthaiou's first radio ad-
dress was not only filled with leftist phrases,
but was couched in a form of the Demotiki
(the popular language, traditionally cham-
pioned by the left as against the Kathere-
vouse or "pure" language backed by the
right) so extreme that it is regarded as the
trademark of the Communist party and
shunned by everybody else. A move in this di-
rection might also take on an antimonarch-
ical aspect; not all the members of the junta
regard the King as indispensable.
It might seem strange for a rightist gov-
ernment to move in this direction. But
the junta does not represent the traditional
Greek right, rooted largely in property and
birth. Its leaders are men of lower and mid-
dleclass background. They may hate the left,
but they have no love for the conservative
establishment.
PUBLIC BROADCASTING ACT OF
1967
(Mr. PICKLE (at the request of Mr.
MONTGOMERY) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.
Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, I would like
to comment on the conference agree-
ments reached on the Public Broadcast-
ing Act of 1967. In 'general, I supported
the purposes of this act throughout its
legislative history, and, in fact, spoke on
this floor in support of improved public
television back when the bill was first
introduced.
There has been very little argument
that something is needed to supplement
the programing of the commercial sta-
tions. Without noncommercial television,
we have an inflexibile situation by which
a certain segment of the viewing public
is deprived of its choice of television.
Certainly we cannot cater to every taste,
but when the kind of program being
squeezed out is so valuable, then I think
it is time we reevaluated the system. The
Public Broadcasting Act does this, and I
think it is a good step toward the goal
of good, noncommercial programing.
With the Federal Government already
involved in this field, and with it becom-
ing even more involved by virtue of this
act, I think it is important that safe-
guards be erected to prevent the law
from being used for something not in-
tended. I think it should be clear that
the programs envisioned by the act are
not to compete with the type of broad-
casting usually seen on commercial sta-
tions today. We have got to be careful
to insure that the noncommercial broad-
casts do not threaten the welfare of other
stations, especially those on UHF chan-
nels, and to insure that political promo-
tions are removed from the sphere of
Government-supported activities.
To my way of thinking, it is sound leg-
islative policy to define as clearly as pos-
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1113810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE October 23, 1967
Mr, DORN. Mr. Speaker, I commend
my distinguished and able colleague from
New York for an able and timely state-
ment to the House.
Mr. RYAN. I appreciate the gentle-
man's expression of support.
THE UNDECLARED WAR ON J. P.
STEVENS & CO.
The SPEAkER. Under a previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Texas
[Mr. FISHER] is recognized for 30
minutes.
Mr. FISHER,. Mr. Speaker, a few days
ago I received, as I assume other Mem-
bers did, a copy of a statement by Mr.
Robert T. Stevens, delivered before a
subcommittee of the Education and
Labor Committee. I read it. The testi-
mony given by the president of J. P.
Stevens & Co. contained some shocking
revelations. It revealed a 4-year un-
declared war that has been waged against
the Stevens Co. by the Textile Workers
Union of America, aided and abetted by
the Industrial Union Department of the,
AFL-CIO. By documentation the state-
ment leaves no doubt that the National
Labor Relations Board. has, without rea-
son, thrown its weight against the textile
firm. This presents a formidable array,
of power against one employer.
A few days earlier I received, as I am
sure others did, a copy of a pamphlet en-
titled "The Hollow Promise," which ap-
parently was designed to give the union's
side in the war I have referred to. I also
read it. Unfortunately it contains many
generalities and emotional appeals, and
Is quite lacking in factual data to support
ch,arges and assumptions that it con-
tains. It depicts much thunder but little
lightning.
The war against the Stevens Co. began
In 1963. Since then the news media have
carried many stories about the persistent
efforts to unionize the plants. Scores of
insertions have appeared in the CON-
GRESSIONAL RECORD regarding various
aspects of the struggle. In addition, one
committee hearing has been conducted.
Mr. Speaker, since the attempt to
unionize Stevens is unique in many re-
spects, characterized by some rather un-
believable techniques, I have undertaken
to examine all the evidence available on
the subject and have attempted to com-
pose an objective report on the case, The
impact of the ultimate outcome of this
effort to unionize employees of the Ste-
vens Co. will be felt by both workers and
employers throughout the country.
To begin with, the right of collective
bargaining is basic. It is a cherished priv-
ilege that is accorded to .workers and em-
ployers, and the right must be properly
observed and protected. But collective
bargaining is inherently a voluntary
privilege, not a mandate in any sense of
the word. It has been said, and correctly
so, that when workers voluntarily join
a labor innon the workers control the
=ion; but if their joining is compulsory,
?then the union controls the workers.
STEVENS WORKERS OPPOSE BEING UNIONIZED
The J. P. Stevens Co. operates 71 plants
and employs some 44,000 workers. It is
an old, well-established, and efficiently
operated concern, which has provided a
market for natural fibers and employ-
ment for a vast number of people in the
manufacture of textiles. It appears that
a larger majority of the workers do not
want to join the union. In fact, the
union's effort to organize them_ in some
25 plants has been defeated in elections
held at every plant selected by the union
for tests. Yet, despite this repeated ex-
pression on the part of the workers, the
union continues to demand unionization,
and in pursuing this course has resorted
to some highly questionable tactics.
This effort by the Textile Workers
Union of America has been underway
since 1963. Four eases charging unfair
labor practices have been filed against
the company. In each instance, the NLRB
found the company guilty. Moreover, the
second circuit court of appeals not long
ago upheld the verdict against the com-
pany in the first case, initiated in 1964.
UNFAIR PUBLICITY
As a result of the suits and the
verdicts against it, the Stevens Co. has
received much unfavorable publicity. The
ruling of each trial examiner has been
widely reported. So were the NLRB rul-
ings And the decision by the second cir-
cuit. The company has really taken
some heavY punches.
In addition, the Stevens firm appears
to have been roundly assailed during
hearings before a congressional com-
mittee. Even the special counsel of the
committee, Prof. Dan Pollitt, of the Uni-
versity of North Carolina, hgs gone far
beyond the call of duty to publicly take
Stevens to task.
In many letters received by Members of
Congress, and in the news media, union
members have also denounced Stevens.
William Pollock., president of the Textile
Workers Union, in his testimony before
the committee, pulled out all the stoppers
in a castigation of the company and for
good measure gratuitously included al-
most the entire southern textile industry
because the majority of the southern
textile workers are not organized. Pollock
make it quite clear that was what he was
mad about. Indeed the union leader
blamed most of the economic ills of the
South?going back to the Civil War
period?on the nonunion status of the
textile industry and other southern in-
dustries. He made it quite clear that he
does not believe in voluntary unionism.
The company has been smeared and
must have been injured, along with the
entire southern textile industry, few of
whose workers have chosen to join
unions. An objective observer would, I
believe, conclude that it has been a ruth-
less and rather vicious war that has been
waged against this concern.
TEXTILE INDUSTRY HARD PRESSED
Staying in business and making a suc-
cess in the textile business has certainly
been no bed of roses in recent years.
Many have not survived. Much of this
trouble has been due to excessive imports.
The textile business is a major industry
and employs nearly a million people, but
seems a stepchild insofar as the Federal
Government is concerned. A rather large
number of us in the Congress, represent-
ing districts where mills are located and
where the natural fibers are grown, have
been quite active in re_cent years in efforts
to keep this industry from going under.
We have encountered formidable resist-
ance in the State Department. The so-
called Kennedy round of trade agree-
ments lowered textile duties, and did
harm to the stability of our domestic
industry. And on top of all this, labor
problems have been aggravated by Gov-
ernment agencies which have actively
helped the unions in their efforts to
unionize textile workers even when they
do not want to be organized.
It naturally follows that Stevens of-
ficials have been forced to take much of
their valuable time, at great expense, to
deal with these attempts. And Govern-
ment activities have added to this bur-
den Federal power can be awesome, and
when combined with the union power-
house the struggle becomes very unfair
and lopsided.
In meeting this combination the
Stevens Co. has shown remarkable cour-
age. It has tenaciously stood by its em-
ployees. The firm is reported to have
told its employees that they had a right
to join a union if they wished to, but
also told them it did not believe they
would be benefited if they did join. This
was in keeping with the finest traditions
of industry-employee relationship in a
free society. But, amazingly, in the eyes
of the union officials and of the NLRB,
such expressions constitute a major sin.
STEVENS WORKERS ARE HAPPY AND SATISFIED
It should be pointed out that Stevens
enjoys a reputation as a progressive
company. It commands the respect and
gratitude of its employees. Since 1963
the workers at eight- plants have voted
down the union. One rerun election was
held, with the same result.
When one takes into account the cir-
cumstances under which the elections
were held, the results become very sig-
nificant. The union had the choice of
locations; that is, it could select the
plants where there seemed to be the best
prospects for victory. The Textile Work-
ers Union has at its command major re-
sources, and can draw upon the tremen-
dous wealth and other resources of the
AFL-CIO. The press reported that
George Meany, president of AFL-CIO,
went to the White House to urge the
President to take punitive action against
Stevens by canceling all the company's
Government contracts. So determined is
the union that it would resort to meas-
ures designed to weaken the company
economically, and jeopardize the jobs
of thousands of workers, in order to gain
a victory to the liking of the union lead-
ers. And it must be kept in mind that
throughout this entire struggle the
union as had the benefit of a powerful
agency, the NLRB, in efforts to unionize.
NLRB EXAMINERS BIASED
Let us take a look at what the NLRB
has done in this war. I have said that all
four NLRB trial examiners ruled against
Stevens after hearing many witnesses
and after lengthy deliberation. Despite
the time employed, the examiners
reached their conclusions by a fantastic
process of reasoning which made a farce
of what was supposed to be a deliberate
and objective proceeding. What did the
trial examiners come up with? Believe it
or not, they decided that the company
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October 23 1967
seIfi-and, in fact, there were provisions
In the enabling legislation for State as-
sumption of part of the costs of retiring
the 30-year bond issue which financed
the projeCt. Remarkably, the turnpike
not only cost the general taxpaying pub-
lic in Colorado nothing, but it even pro-
duced so much revenue that the four-
lane, high-speed route became part of the
State public highway system nearly 15
years ahead of schedule.
That was what the ceremony at
Broomfield was all about. Excerpts froni
a special section of an outstanding news-
paper in my district, the Boulder Daily
Camera, telling some of the high points
of this remarkable success story, follow:
TURNPIKE: TREMENDOUS IMPACT ON BOULDER
(By Dick Walberg)
"This Boulder toll road proposition is
nothing in the world but a special interest
deal to make more soft ,jobs at the ex-
panse of the hard working taxpayers."
So wrote a business consultant and an-
nounced gubernatorial candidate of the
turnpike in 1949 before legislation was passed
making the four-Iane, limited-access high-
way possible.
Ills remarks were representative of the '
emotional antagonism aroused by the
Boulder-inspired proposal to build a thor-
oughfare linking Boulder directly with the
state capital. Because those were tax-lean
years, the proposal called for the construc-
tion to be financed by bonds to be retired
with tolls collected from the users. To make
the bond issue attractive to big lenders, a
clause in the enabling legislation provided
the State Highway Department, it tolls were
insufficient, would pay up to 30 per cent of
the annual cost of retiring the bonds.
It was this clause that made the far-
sighted dream of Prof. Roderick Downing,
"father of, the turnpike," a- reality and it
was this clause that gave license to oppo-
nents to Open it broadside attack against
the proposition. But now, 18 years later, the
ironic fact is that the Boulder-Denver turn-
pike is the only major 'traffic facility in the
state built at no cost to the general tax-
paying public.
Since it was OPened on Jan. 19, 1952, the
entire cost-of the turnpike has been paid by
the dimes and quarters of motorists using
the highway. Over the years More than 44
N. million. vehicles have plied the 17.3-mile
^ high-speed highway and the clink' of silver
has totaled more than $10.5 million.
Thursday marks an end to the 'tolls.
An 11 am, peremony will commemorate
"the turnpie's unique new status of being
the nation's only, toll road that is a part
of a public roads system to be paid off and
become toll-free.
The occasion will bring Charles Brady,
head of the American Auto Association, from
his Washington office. James F. Ellis, chair-
man of the State Highway Commission, will
serve as head of the celebration. Members
of the 35th and 37th General Assemblies will
be invited, with special recognition po be
accorded William L. Paddock and Leslie R.
Steele, the Boulder representatives, and
Frank L. Gill, Hillrose senator, who spon-
sored the turnpike legislation back in 1947
and 1949.
For two Boulder Chamber of Commerce
officials, leaders in the fight for the turnpike
from the start, the commemoration will be
especially rewarding. One is Frank Hender-
son, chairman of the chamber's highway
adviaory committee, and the other, Francis
W. -Reich, the chamber's veteran manager.
These men, together with A. A. Paddock
and Frank Jamison and a handful of others,
campaigned tirelessly for the proposed traffic
facility. Theirs was the hard sell, pitched
like today's TV commercial for a laundry
detergent.
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CONGRESSiONAL ItECCRI) 110USE 11 13809
Their claims:
Boulder would receive $44 million in bene-
fits from the turnpike during the anticipated
30 years of tolls believed required to pay off
the construction bonds.
,The facility would be a boon to all seg-
ments of the Boulder economy and would
revolutionize Boulder's way of life.
Travel between 13oulder and Denver would
increase 30 per cent.
200 lives would be saved in 30 years by
driving "Tomorrowt Highway ? Today"
rather than the narrow, hazardous U.S. 87-
287 north out of Denver and State Highway
7 west into Boulder.
Motorists using the superhighway would
actually save money because the turnpike
Would cut off 7 miles on the trip to Denver,
and at a nickel a mile for operating a car
the net saving would be 15 cents.
, These were some of the more brash claims;
now nearly two decades later, how do they
Stack up?
Atsessable property in Boulder has jumped
from $14 million in 1950 to $101 million, bet-
ter than a seven-fold increase. County prop-
erty assessments increased five-fold to $240
City building permit valuations rose from
$31/2 million to $20 million. Retail sales
Climbed from $22 million to $135 million.
Bank resources from $20 million to $100 mil-
lion. Population Went up from 20,000 to 56,-
000.
Travel on the turnpike the first year more
than doubled the projected average daily
Count of 2,200 and by last year had reached
13,774.
31 fatalities have occurred on the turnpike
Since it Opened or about 3.9 per 100 million
miles of travel. The national average for
traffic fatalities is 5.67 per 100 million miles.
And, while the toll has remained un-
changed at a dime and a quarter, the cost
of operating a motor vehicle has more than
doubled so that the net saving per trip is
even greater than projected.
Actually no yardstick can measure the im-
pact of the turnpike, on Boulder, for who
Can -isolate its effect on the community from
the welter of other influences? But there is
no denying the impact has been tremendous.
Reich, who has had hit thumb on the pulse
Of Boulder for 31 years as manager of the
chamber, weighs the turnpike along with the
University as the two things most influential
in shaping Boulder.
"Without the turnpike," he said, "we
simply would not have the facilities and de-
velopment we now have. Before it was con-
structed Boulder was at the stub end of a
Side road: the advent of the highway gave
Boulder direct access to Denvert suppliers,
transportation terminals and other facilities
needed to attract desirable industries to the
area.
JIM EVANS, PATRIOTIC
BROADCASTER
(Mr. KUYKENDALL (at the request of
Mr. PETT/S) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. KUYKENDALL. Mr. Speaker,
while a few thousand malcontents did
their best to disrupt the Nation's Capital
and the Pentagon on Saturday, there
was one courageous voice speaking out
for America. Jim Evans, whose program
is broadcast over radio station WMAL
from 10 to 2 every day, used the time on
Saturday to remind Americans of the
glories of this great country of ours and
of the rich heritage which has been
bought for this generation by the sacri-
fices of our fearless and dedicated fore-
fathers.
While those gathered at the Lincoln
Memorial and the Pentagon displayed
the enemy flags of the Vietcong .and
called for the defeat of our troops who
are fighting aggression and tyranny,
Evans played some of the stirring pa-
triotic melodies which lift up the hearts
of those who sincerely believe in freedom
and justice.
I just want to take this moment to
pay tribute to Jim Evans and applaud
the many fine statements he made Sat-
urday in support of the American dream.
His effort was a far greater contribution
toward world peace and justice for all
men than the hate-filled slogans chanted
by those anti-Americans taking part in
the disgraceful display at the Pentagon.
(Mr. TALCOTT (at the request of Mr.
PETTIS) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
fl
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. TALCOTT'S remarks will ap-
pear hereafter in the Appendix.]
E YPTIAN ATTACK ON ISRAEL
DESTROYER
(Mr. RYAN asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, the out-
rageous attack upon, and the sinking of
the Israel destroyer Elath by Egypt is
the most flagrant violation of the cease-
fire in the Middle East. The Israeli ship
was 131/2 miles out in international
waters. As Israel Foreign Minister Abba
Eban said, Egypt should be condemned
by world public opinion.
This incident illustrates more clearly
than ever the need for true peace in the
Middle East which must be achieved
through direct negotiations.
As long as there is only a cease-fire
or a temporary armistice, there are likely
to be other incidents with further tragic
losses. The way to prevent recurrences
is to' have a final peace settlement in the
Middle East arrived at by the nations
Involved through direct negotiations on
all issues.
' The United States, other peace-loving
nations, and the United Nations must
make every effort to secure such a peace
settlement as soon as possible.
Mr. Speaker, the sinking was accom-
plished by the use of sea-to-sea missiles
supplied by the Soviet Union and fired
from one of Egypt's 15 PT-type boats.
-The accuracy was such that it raises a
serious question as to whether Soviet
experts were overseeing and supervising
the actual operations.
The Soviet Union's role in providing
armaments to Egypt since the end of the
war is a most dangerous one. The intro-
duction of increasingly sophisticated
weapons by the Soviet Union into the ex-
plosive Middle East only compounds the
difficulty of achieving a peace settlement
and increases the risk of nuclear
warfare.
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. RYAN. I yield to the gentleman
from South Carolina.
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H13802 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
503c1 MP Battalion was brought out of
they building and moved toward the
crowd. The platoon had to crawl through
manmade rope fences and became some-
what disorganized ,after, going through
the ferkces. One squad of the platoon was
as much as 75 yards in front of the rest
and were quickly surrounded by the
demonstrators. ,
The 'protesters pushed and shoved
these MP's and then for some unknown
reason the squad leader marched the
squad back past the platoon and into
another group of demonstrators rather
than back into platoon position. There
heavy scuffling started. On two different
occasions the peaceniks had a soldier on
the groupd and were beating them. The
demonst&tors were pulled off by other
soldiers and other protesters. In all fair-
ness, this was not a vicious crowd, or they
could have possibly stomped some of the
MP's to death if they had wanted to. On
the overall operation, the military and
marshals did a splendid job, and I no-
ticed especially the individual bravery
of the soldiers in the trapped platoon.
But, in, my opinion, more riot training
Is needed by this unit.
The thoughts that were going through
my mind during the 3 hours I observed
the demonstration were what effect this
would have on our gallant soldiers now
fighting in Vietnam, what kind of image
this would help to create in the eyes
of the rest of the world, and what the
Cost to the taxpayers would be for all the
elaborate preparations made at the Pen-
tagon to repel the demonstration.
I hope that our Government will not
permit this cheap show to come to town
again,
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October 23, 1967
US F SOVIET SURFACE-TO-SUR-
FACE GUIDED MISSILE TO SINK
ISRAEL SHIP
(Mr. BOB WILSON asked and was
-given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, there
are very serious implications for the
United States iii the use of a Soviet
surface-to-surface guided missile to sink
an Israel ship. This is the first time in
history that a Russian radar-controlled
Miss.ge has been used to,sink a ship of
any flag. If the Soviets ttre prepared to
equip and assist the Egyptians to blow
up an Israel destroyer in international
waters during a United Nations cease-
fire agreement, for which Soviet Russia
Voted, may we not consider that similar
naval missiles will be provided to North
Vietnam for use against the ships of the
U.S. Navy?
It will be too late loissue warnings if a
Soviet-built "Komar" or "Ossa" missile
boat appears off Haiphong or the DMZ
an sinks a U.S. aircraft carrier
. With thotiatIS of American sailors, This
WoUld be in lerable. The issue would no
longer rest on whetlker or not Soviet Red
naval personnel actually pushed the but-
ton.
Admiral Moorer, the U.S. Navy Chief of
Operations,-has stated that it was obvious
that Soviet sophisticated weaponry was
'Used in the sinWrig of the Israel de-
stroyer Elath.
The attack took place almost simul-
taneously with the arrival in Cairo of the
Soviet Deputy Minister of Defense and a
large military delegation from Moscow
including naval, air force, and army of-
ficers. An estimated 8,000 Soviet military
advisers and technicians were already in
Egypt. Among them were Red navy per-
sonnel advising the Egyptian crews on
board the Soviet naval ships and subma-
rines provided to the Nasser regime.
The Israel Government seems to have
suffered even more provocation than the
North Vietnamese naval attack on our
destroyers in the summer of 1964 that
led to our Gulf of Tonkin resolution
,Here we have the case of an extreme es-
calation in which the Soviet Union has
provided and possibly actually fired a sur-
face-to-surface naval missile to sink a
ship. It was an attack involving the high-
est degree of electronic and missile skills
as well as a very new and sophisticated
Soviet missile.
Moscow may well be testing to deter-
mine the U.S. attitude toward use by
Soviet satellites of naval missiles. They
chose the Arab-Israel area to make this
test because of a belief that the United
States would seek to avoid a confronta-
tion because of the administration's am-
biguous and vague commitments to Is-
rael. Moscow knows that our policymak-
ers are eager to restore relations with
the Arabs. The Communists know that
they have been able to resupply the
Arabs with even more modern weapons
than those lost in the June war?with-
out the United States keeping its com-
mitment to sell a limited number of mil-
itary jets to Israel.
The lack of American firmness in the
Middle East may cause that region to
erupt again into a war less easy to stop
than the 6-day conflict. The presence
of Russian men and ships could cause
the conflict to escalate in a manner dis-
advantageous to both Israel and the
United States.
The Port Said base in Egypt, now used
by the Russians, was the source of the
guided missile attack on the Israel ship.
It seems as if the Russians are going
to make Port Said into a second Hai-
phong for a test case to see whether they
can establish a privileged sanctuary in
the Mediterranean. If they win this show
of strength, the lesson will not be lost on
the Arabs and the Mediterranean
peoples.
Mr. Speaker, I submit that the Soviet
Union is taking advantage of our pre-
occupation in Vietnam and rifts in NATO
to make a long end run into the eastern
Mediterranean aimed at that region in
addition to the Persian Gulf and Indian
Ocean. The strategic factors are obvious.
More than oil is at stake.
We must immediately make known
to the Russians that they should not
miscalculate on our intentions. Last
spring the Russians ordered the U.S.
6th Fleet to leave the Mediterranean.
They then incited and armed the Arabs,
to use the Arab states as a proxy force,
to turn the Mediterranean into a virtual
Russian lake. Thanks to the Israeli mili-
tary victory, the Russians suffered a set-
back.
Moscow immediately embarked on a
propaganda, campaign at the United
Nations and a massive military training
and resupply operation in the Arab
world. The administration's response was
confined to a belief that only Vietnam
and China were a real threat to our
security.
Before it is too late, we must serve
notice on the Russians that there are
limits to their manipulations and es-
calations in the Middle East. The very
least we must do is to supply the Israelis
with effective weapons to counter the
new Soviet-Arab offensive buildup.
SECOND HEADQUARTERS LABORA-
TORY FOR FOOD AND DRUG AD-
MINISTRATION
(Mr. MACHEN asked and was given
permission to address the House for
1 minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. MACHEN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
call the attention of my colleagues to
House Report No. 801 which was filed on
Friday after being reported out by the
House Committee on Government Op-
erations.
This report deals specifically with the
procedures, or lack of them, of the Food
and Drug Administration in selecting an
alternate site for construction of its sec-
ond headquarters Laboratory. While
contending that it wanted to build on
property it owns and adjacent to existing
facilities in Beltsville, Md., the FDA
buckled and said if it could not build in
Beltsville, Md., it would build the pro-
posed $17 million Laboratory in Madison,
Wis. This decision was made despite the
fact that an FDA study in 1966 for the
House Appropriations Committee showed
that it would cost the taxpayers $5.4 mil-
lion more to build in the Midwest.
Contrary to a report last Friday, Octo-
ber 20, 1967, in the Washington Daily
News, the Maryland and Virginia Con-
gressmen were not out to lunch when
the House approved a rider that would
force the laboratory to be built in
Madison, Wis. At the time that the ap-
propriation bill for the FDA was being
considered, I offered an amendment to
strike the rider that would force con-
struction of the laboratory to a site out-
side a 50-mile radius of Washington, D.C.
This is the rider that was proposed in
committee by the ranking minority mem-
ber of the Labor-HEW Appropriations
Subcommittee, a man whose reputation
for economy is well known in this body.
However, this reputation does not
transcend public works projects such as
the second headquarters laboratory for
the FDA. The 50-mile rider which was
left in the bill after my amendment to
delete it was defeated could cost the tax-
payers approximately $135,000 a word,
as I pointed out during the deabte on
my amendment. If this is a demonstra-
tion of the type of economy that our col-
leagues on the other side of the aisle are
sponsoring then I fear we will need a 25-
percent tax surcharge to make up the
deficit in the budget that they would
have us incur.
It is typical of the Republican Party,
as so clearly demonstrated with the 50-
mile rider for the added $5.4 million in
cost to the taxpayers, that economy and
efficiency in government are fine as long
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October 23, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? HOUSE
Mr. Rodney of Pennsylvania with Mr.
Wydler.
Mr. Farbstein with Mr. Halpern.
Mr. Ronan with Mr. Derwinski.
Mr. Philbin with Mr. Mosher,
Mr. Macdonald of Massachusetts witli Mr.
Schadeberg.
Mr. Barrett with Mr. Smith of New York.
Mr. Carman with Mrs. Heckler of Massa-
chusetts.
Mx. Dent with Mr. Kyl.
Mr. Fountain with Mr. Watson.
Mr. Rostenkowski with Mr. Button.
Mr. Edwards of California with Mr. Conyers.
Mr. Ashley with Mr. Hawkins.
Mr. O'Hara of Michigan with Mr. Willis.
Mr. Long of Louisiana with Mr. Williams
of Mississippi.
Mr. Udall with Mr. Brown of California.
Mr. Anderson of Tennessee with Mr. Watts.
Mr. Wright with Mr. Matsunaga.
Mr. Jarman with Mr. Fulton of Tennessee.
Mr. Slack with Mr. Roush.
Mr. Roybal with Mr. Diggs.
Mr. Resnick with'Mr. Nix.
Mr. Poage with Mr. Stephens.
Mr. Rarick with Mr. Pickle.
Mr. Purcell with Mr. Rogers of Florida.
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I have a
live pair with the gentleman from Mary-
land [Mr. MmixAsl. If he had been pres-
ent, he would have voted "yea." I voted
"nay." I withdraw my vote and vote
"present."
The result of the vote was announced
as above recorded.
The doors were opened.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table,
PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON
PUBLIC WORKS TO FILE REPORT
ON H R. 12603 NATIONAL VIS-
ITORS CENTER ACT OF 196'7
Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent that the Committee on
Public Works may have until midnight
tonight to file a report on HR. 12603,
the National Visitors Center Act of 1967.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Illinois?
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object?and I shall not ob-
ject?I understand that the report is in
the process of being prepared, and it is
understood that the minority will have
an opportunity to review it prior to its
being filed.
Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER. I yield to the gentle-
man from Illinois.
Mr. GRAY. The gentleman is abso-
lutely correct. We shall, as we have in
the past, consult with the minority be-
fore the report is filed before midnight.
Mr. CRAMER. With that understand-
ing, I withdraw my reservation of
objection.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Illinois?
There was no objection.
JEWISH UNIT SAYS TWO GROUPS
SPREAD ARAB HATE
(Mr. BOLAND asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks, and include extraneous material.)
Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, I call the
attention of the Members of Congress to
an article that, F appeared in this morn-
ing's edition?October 23, 1967?of the
New York Times.
This news story clearly indicates how
hate organizations become captives of
and prey to propaganda designed to build
up ill will, opposition and hate against
individuals, nationalities and nations.
This is accomplished by simply parroting
reams of false and misleading charges
that constantly bombard the public and
the press.
The Anti-Defamation League of B'nai
B'rith has effectively and persuasively
exposed this activity. This organization
and its national director of the league,
Mr. Benjamin R. Epstein deserve the
.commendation of all fair minded people
for performing this most useful service.
Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con-
sent I place the article at this point in
.the Recorte.
JEWISH UNIT SAYS TWID GROUPS SPREAD ARAB
HATE?ANTI-DEFAMATION BODY ASSERTS
SNCC AND STATES RIGHTS PARTY ARE BOTH
RACIST
- (By Irving Spiege)
HOUSTON, October 22.?The Anti-Defama-
tion League of B'nai B'rith today accused two
racist groups, one antiwhite and the other
antinegro, of disseminating Arab-sponsored,
"gutter level propaganda" in this country
aganst Jews and Israel.
Benjamin R. Epstein, national director of
the league, who made public a study con-
taining the charges, named the Student Non-
violent Coordinating Committee and the
National States Rights party as the groups
in question.
' Mr. Epstein described the student com-
mittee as a "black racist and left-wing revo-
lutiona,ry organization" and its "polar oppo-
site, N.S.R.P.," as "neo-Nazi white racist."
The study declared that the two groups
were circulating propaganda materials pro-
duced by the Palestine Liberation Organi-
zation and the Palestine Arab Delegation.
The Arab groups, the league said, are
registered with the United States Government
as agents for foreign powers, under regula-
tions of the Foreign Agents Registration Act.
THREF-DAY MEETING ENDS
The report highlighted the closing session
at the Warwick Hotel of a three-day meeting
of the league's national executive committee,
the policy-making body of the organization.
The league seeks to safeguard the civil and
religious rights of Jews here and abroad, and
also plays a strong role in the civil rights
movement.
Mr. Epstein charged that the S.N.C.C. news-
letter and the states rights party's publica-
tion, Thunderbolt, showed almost "word-
for-word dependence" on Arab propaganda
material against Jews. Zionism and the State
of Israel.
He said that S.N.C.C.'s newsletter "parroted
whole sections of a 1966 Palestine liberation
organization diatribe produced in Beirut.
Lebanon," while the Thunderbolt reproduced
whole paragraphs from a Palestine Arab
delegation polemic issued last July 14.
Mr. Epstein exhibited pages of printed
material that both American groups had
culled from Arab propaganda publications.
For instance, the Palestine Liberation or-
ganization asserted that "the Jewish state
[Israel] was planted at the point of inter-
section of Asia and Africa without the free
approval of any Middle Eastern, Asian or
African country, except the Union of South
Africa, itself ruled by an alien minority."
SAME SENTENCE USED
In the' S.N.C.C. newsletter, the same sen-
tence appears.
1113801
The Thunderbolt quoted almost verbatim
from the Palestine Arab pamphlet, which
charged Jews with war crimes and genocide.
The league study described the Palestine
liberation organization as a "notorious and
extremist Arab propaganda apparatus, mas-
terminded by Ahmed Shukairy, a long-time
Arab spokesman who has engaged in anti-
Jewish tirades on the floor of the United
Nations and elsewhere."
The Palestine delegation, the league said,
is the group headed by Haj Amin El-Hus-
seiM, the former grand mufti in Jehisalcm
who supported Hitler during World War II.
The study said that the Palestine libera-
tion organization had offices in New York City
and operated "on a million-dollar-a-yaar
budget provided by the Arab League."
The study said the group was under the
direction of Izzat, Tannous, a Palestinian
Arab who has acted as a spokesman for Arab
refugees at the Unilted Nations.
Mr. Epstein said that the use of Arab
materials placed S.N.C.C. "at the disposal of
Arab propagandists as an overeager hand-
maiden."
He also charged that the National States
Rights Party was a "notorious, anti-Jewish
and anti-Negro group."
Mr. Epstein said that the, party was or-
ganized in Knoxville, Tenn., in 1958 and now
operated out of Savannah, Ga. Its philosophy,
he said, is "neo-Nazi."
REPORT ON ANTI-VIETNAM WAR
DEMONS i'HATION AT PENTAGON
(Mr. MONTGOMERY asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute, and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. MONTGOMERY, Mr. Speaker, on
Saturday, October 21, for a period of
approximately 3 hours, I observed first-
hand the antiwar demonstrators at the
Pentagon. Because of your interest in
this demonstration, I would like to relay
to you my observations.
At about 3:45 p.m. the crowds began
to build up and were pushing toward
the line of military police. Members of
the 503d MP Battalion plus U.S. marshals
were holding the crowd back. At 4:15 p.m.
several demonstrators broke through
military police and confronted several
marshals who properly and quickly used
their nightsticks to control the demon-
strators. The U.S. marshalls handled
themselves very well: However, they
seemed rougher than the soldiers.
Around 5 p.m. a platoon marched out of
the Mall entrance of the Pentagon as re-
inforcements. The show of new strength
caused the crowd to yell and holler. I
noticed that no soldier had his weapon
loaded but did have ammunition avail-
able on his belt. Considering the crowd
and demonstrators involved, this, in my
opinion, was the proper procedure of
handling the ammunition. I would esti-
mate about 40,000 people present at the
most: possible 5,000 were actually hard-
core antiwar demonstrators, another
5,000 were lukewarm protestors, and the
other 30,000 -were there for entertain-
ment. Some had even brought a football
and were playing touch football during
the lull.
Around 5:30 p.m., possibly 70 or 80
demonstrators broke through a line of
U.S. marshals and did enter the building
but were quickly thrown out by marshals
and soldiers. Between 5:30 and 6 about
2,000 demonstrators started walking to-
ward the Pentagon. A platoon of the
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69600369R000200290066-1